@article{2015,title={Production Methods of Iron Tools from Anatolian Seljuks Period},abstractNode={As the result of archaeometric studies on knives, arrowheads, spearheads, nails and iron smithing finds belonging to Kubad Abad and Samsat, Anatolian Seljuks period, the production methods and materials of these finds have been revealed. The metallographic and chemical analysis show that the smiths' forging materials have got two different technological origins. The first one is the oldest iron production technique; direct production technique. The blooms which were produced with this technique, were used for forging arrowheads, spearheads, nails, and some of the knives. The properties of iron products from blooms were improved by implementation of some metallurgical techniques like carburization, quenching, tempering etc. The other source of iron is crucible steel technology which has got Central and Southern Asia origins. The strong evidences of crucible steel which was used to produce high quality knives and blades, were detected in Samsat knife and two other Kubad Abad knives. It is estimated from the special microstructure of the samples from these knives that they used to have damascene pattern on the surface. In Kubad Abad the intense archaeological evidences of iron forging related findings (scrap metals, iron smithing slags) are proofs of a blacksmith workshop at which not only bloom refining but also iron forging craft operations were done.},author={Ümit GÜDER-- Alptekin YAVAŞ - Ünsal YALÇIN},year={2015},journal={Journal of Turkish Studies}}