Osmanlı’da siyasal-toplumsal açıdan önemli bir kavşak olan Tanzimat hareketi aynı zamanda modern edebiyatın doğuşu açısından da önemli bir yol ayrımıdır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de modern edebiyatın yaklaşık 100 yıllık serüveni ele alınmakta bu serüvenin kökenleri, etkileri ve geleceği siyasal-toplumsal gelişmelerle bağlantılı olarak irdelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye’de roman sanatının doğuşunun kökenleri ve 1909’dan 1930’lara uzanan dönemdeki toplumsal siyasal ortam üzerinde durulmaktadır. Makale ile amaçlanan, Tanzimat’tan başlayıp 1950’lere kadar toplumsal değişme, siyasal gelişme vb. gibi temelde edebiyat dışı etkenlerin Türk edebiyatını ne yönde etkilediğini irdelemektir. Bu bağlamda, Türk edebiyatının, “şehirlisi olduğu” İstanbul’dan, Ankara’ya, daha sonra da en uzak köşelerine kadar tüm Anadolu’ya yaygınlaşmasının nedenlerini ve bu yönelişin sonuçlarını sergilemektir.
While Tanzimat (The Reforms of 1846 during the Ottoman Empire) gave birth to modern literature in Turkey, political factors played a crucial role in its development. During this process, the man of letters who started out with the mission of “saving the society,” was more likely to have to fight with the social problems more than the problems of literature. Therefore, it would not be wrong to state that the genesis of modern literature is closely related to social-political facts. This article tries to explore the birth roots of fiction writing in Turkey in the beginning of 19th century and study the effects of social-political medium in 1950s on literature. Primarily, the Western effect on political life started with Tanzimat period and thus becoming prevalent in other social spaces as well as modern literature and the art of fiction in particular. As is known,although its roots were deep in Istanbul, the expansion of Turkish literature towards Ankara together with the outbreak of Indepedence War accelerated with the establishment of new Republic right after the victory. The educational opportunities became widespread throughout the country as the new Republic adopted an ideology that took the villagers as the focal point. Against this background, with the establishment of “Köy Enstitüleri” (Village Institutes) this trend gained a new impetus and new writers flourished from the bosom of Anatolia. Thus, this enabled scholars to develop an “emic” at Anatolia. The aim of this article is to study how and in what ways non-literary events like social-political in Turkey have affected Turkish literature. Within this framework, the article discusses the problematic, spatial and thematic changes arose in Turkish literature and the consequences of these results.
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