On The Equivalence of The Similar Words İn Turkic Languages

Today there are a large number of Turkic languages which arose out of historical and political reasons in the Turkic area (“Turcia”). A great amount and portion of the vocabularies is similar (“Homonym; Paronym”) to each other, to some extent, at the level of “primary branch” and to a lesser degree at the level of “Common Turkic.” However, overlapping of similar words in terms of conceptual scope; that is, their “equivalence” is not something inherently associated with similarity. In this study, within the context of the samples selected from Turkic languages, the state of equivalence of the similar words was investigated. As a result, some similar words in the Turkic languages can be “one-to-one,” or “one-to-many” equivalent. On the other hand, some similar words may not be equivalent. Turkish dialects resemble each other because they derived from some source and the societies interacted with each other culturally, economically, and they effected from other societies in terms of religion and policy. From this point of view Turkish is one of the most prominent languages in the World. Because Turks have been in contact with various languages with different frequencies in their geography and life style. For example the Turkish and the Uzbek Turkish are not based on the same source, but they have been resembled each other due to the Arabic and Persian words included in these languages. The intense relationships between Kazan and İstanbul, the two important central cities, have caused to inclusion a lot of Ottoman Turkish words in to the Kazan Turkish. And the Russian words are to some extend the same in Turkish societies which lived under the soviet rule and Russian Czardom.

Keywords

Turkic languages, Homonymy, Paronymy, Lexical equivalence, False equivalence (= “false friends”)