@article{2016,title={Coming out of Iron, Forging and Its Spreading out in Steppe Turkish Culture},abstractNode={Steppe culture ensued from insufficiency of settled agriculture economy, and based on livestock. A nomadic lifestyle, based on livestock economy, began by following wetlands and grasslands. This new lifestyle named steppe-horse draw culture. Large sheep herds were guided by horses, and new watery and grassy lands were discovered. This nomodic lifestyle based on three principles; horse, sheep and metal. Steppe culture in the contact with settled tribes knew how to smelt metal. Steppe tribes found metal ores while searching for grassland for their herds. People of steppe culture smelted iron in stoves, made of stone and clay. They learnt anvil, sledge hammer as forging material and how to make blower from buffalos’ skin. Discovering and processing metal was effective on the steppe culture’s coming out because metal is steady than soil and wood. Carriages, large boilers, metal household goods weapons(especially axe heads, arrow heads, spear, swords, daggers and knives) were made of metal. For the first time, silver, gold and metal, derived from meteor, were used for producing ornaments in Afanasyevo culture. (3000-1700 B.C.) From the last periods of Andronovo culture on (1000 B.C.) it was commonly seen in the middle Asia. The products of metal workmen in Karasuk era were masterpieces.Using metal tools in many fields is important for showing the large amount of metallurgic production. It is seen that there was mining in Karasuk time in Kazakistan. A large amount of ore was unearthed by the miners in bronze age, before Iskit’s time in Kazakistan. These miners became masters. Primitive societies forged meteor iron without using mine including iron. On the other hand, it is known that prehistoric socities used some kinds of mine as stone, in other words, they used them as raw material of stone tools before smelting metal. First of all, human being worked on copper and smelted and made tools, because copper is not a hard mine. Afterwards, they mixed the smelted copper and tin (at the rate of 1/7) and they got bronze. Altough bronze was popular, hard and practical, tin was very rare, so it replaced by iron. Iron has always been the most useful metal and it got very effective material by mixing steel. This ore is easily accessible in very large amount of it. Of course, it is a fact that it is really late getting iron from ore. It is clear that iron smelted in 1400 B.C. for the first time and it was propably made by Hittite in Anatolia. At the beginning, usage of meteroits was not enough to start iron era. During this time, metal was rare and very valuable. It was needed to invent mine for starting a new age, it is especially valid for the iron. Iron metallurgy, different from copper and tin, it got industrializated in a short time. Iskits smelted ironstone and clay moulds. Marshy ironstone was found in Kamenskoye city, probably, around Dinyeper murshland. Moreover, the ore originated from Krivoroj was found in the same place. In general, they were found many kinds of iron goods such as weapons, knives, awls and other bits in both cairns and mentioned places. Iron weld parts, and clay stove parts were found in the same place, too. Also clay blower parts and iron emery parts and hammer in a different shape were seen there. From 4th century B.C., Sarmats started to change the kinds of indigenous metal according to the needs. First, only refined metals were seen before mining in archaeological sites. Althoug this kind of activities were related to city and castles, metal products were taken from mostly tombs. When Hun ruins were investigated, it is seen that Huns used two major mines for stuff production. One of them is iron and the other one is bronze. Iron was always noteworty for Turkish culture before Hun ages. The production and usage of iron tools began before 3.th century B.C. and then it was used for military purposes. They made knives, sword and iron arrowheads especially thanks for Huns. It is also known that Huns mad},author={Kürşat KOÇAK},year={2016},journal={Journal of Turkish Studies}}