Turkish Studies - International, Year 2018 Issue Volume 13 Issue 27

The SOLO Analysis of EFL Teaching Programmes: Evidence from Turkey

Reyhan AĞÇAM, M. Pınar BABANOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The current research was projected to scrutinize the newly revised teaching programmes for the English as a foreign language (EFL) course (2017) that is offered as the compulsory parts of primary and secondary education in Turkey. It exclusively compared the two programmes through an analysis of the intended learning outcomes (ILOs) based on SOLO taxonomy to see whether they correspond to lower or higher order skills in primary and secondary education, and to see whether the programmes significantly differ in this concern. The ILOs in EFL teaching programmes for 4th to 8th grades in primary education, and from 9th to 12th grades in secondary education were analysed through document analysis method, and categorised into four levels of the taxonomy: (i) uni-structural, (ii) multi-structural, (iii) relational, and (iv) extended abstract. The findings displayed that the ILOs were prepared mostly at uni-structural and multi-structural levels especially in primary EFL education, and that they began to be replaced by multi-structural and relational ILOs, respectively in secondary education. Apparently, they were extensively designed to address students’ lower- rather than higher-order cognitive skills. The findings, by and large, indicated that the primary EFL ILOs comply with the general objective of the teaching programme (A2 proficiency level in English), and core competencies identified for each grade whereas a clear mismatch was found between the objective of secondary EFL programme (B2 proficiency level in English) and the ILOs identified in the programme. Accordingly, the study suggests a couple of practical implications on EFL curriculum design, and concludes with a few suggestions for further directions.

Validity and Reliability Study of the Play Assessment For Group Settings (PAGS)

Emine AHMETOĞLU, Manolya AŞIK ÖZTÜRK , İbrahim Hakkı ACAR — 2026-07-16

Aim: The aim of the current study is to adapt the "PAGS; Play Assessment in Group Settings" Observation Form (Lautamo, 2012) to Turkish and test its vaidity and reliability. Instrument-Method: 38-item PAGS Observation Form, which was designed to assess the play performances of 2-8 year-olds in natural group settings, is rated on 4-point Likert scale. The data was collected from 46 preschool teachers and 149 preschoolers aged 36-73 months (M=54,6 months, SD=0.99) in Edirne city center. General Information Form, PAGS form with 38 items, and Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation (SCBE-30) developed by LaFreniere and Dumas (1996) and adapted to Turkish by Çorapçı et al. (2010) was used for data collection. SCBE-30 evaluates children’s problematic symptoms and the quality of social skills and consists of three subscales with 10 items in each, which are Social Competence (SC), Anger-Aggression (AA), and Anxiety-Withdrawal (AW), respectively. First, PAGS was adapted to Turkish language and culture. After the legal permissions were taken, the researchers observed the children one by one. Findings: The validity was assessed with Factor Analysis and the Upper and Lower 27% of Group Rule. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to assess the internal reliability of the scale. In addition, predictive validity of the scale was investigated compared to the other scales. The Factor Analysis revealed that the scale has a one-factor structure as in the original version: (χ2(665) = 1975.93) and factor loads ranged between .61 and .83. There was a significant difference between the Upper 27% (M= 3.53 SD= .10) and Lower 27% (M= 2.10, SD= .44) of the group (t(80)= -19.86, p < .001). Internal reliability coefficient was found α=.98. Besides, the positive correlation between the scale and the social skills rated by the teachers (r= .69) supports the validity and generalizability of the scale. Conclusion: Based on the analysis results, Play Assessment for Group Settings (PAGS) Observation Form can be considered a valid, reliable and suitable assessment tool for Turkish children.

Teachers’ Perceptions about School Trips: The Case of Fethiye District

Onur AKBULUT — 2026-07-16

This study aims to investigate school trips in terms of tourism perspective, which is a topic rarely studied in Turkey. The research design consists of quantitative survey method. A questionnaire was adapted from literature to investigate the issues about the characteristics of visits. Nevertheless, at the same time, determining the perceptions of teachers about the trips are the main target of the research. The responses from 77 state schools and 331 teachers in total confirm the importance of trips to most teachers and they provide an invaluable insight into the key factors of influence in the decision-making process. The findings of the research revealed some recommendations for the improvement of planning and organization of school trips as a case of Fethiye/Turkey.

Prospective Teachers’ Educational Game Designing and Applications

Nur AKCANCA, Tuğba SÖMEN — 2026-07-16

The aim of the study is to reveal the current situation of prospective teachers at the Science and Social Studies Education Departments on educational game designing and applications, and to learn about their opinions about these techniques. In this sense, it was designed in a case study. The study sample consisted of 18 prospective teachers who were attending a teaching practice course at a public university’s education faculty in Turkey in 2017-2018 spring term. Among the 18 participant prospective teachers, 9 were from the Science Education Department while another 9 were from the Social Studies Education Department. An Educational Games Assessment and Observation Form (EGAOF) which was developed by Sömen and Akcanca (2018) and include 31 items, was used to observe the participant prospective teachers’ educational game practices. Additionally, a semi-structured interview form was also administered to determine the participants’ opinions about making use of this technique in education. Following a 6-hour training on the use of educational games in education, the participants were asked to design educational games within the scope of the given training. Every participants’ design was observed and assessed by 2 different experts with separate observation forms. Every item in 31-item EGAOF was measured based on three-level ratings (observed-partially observed-not observed). Also, at the end of application process, the opinions of the participant prospective teachers were received with semi-structured interview forms. Those opinions were analyzed with explanatory and inferential codes. According to the study findings, it was found that the participant prospective teachers had the most difficulty in associating the game with the topic and in designing a game that promotes active participation. In the application phase, the participants were seen to have difficulty in maintaining classroom management, material selection and applying the game rules. To the observation results, they had partial problems in time management, designing a unique game, classroom management and maintaining active participation of students. Considering the results and findings of the study, it is suggested that prospective teachers can be provided with more theoretical and practical opportunities during their undergraduate education so that they can minimize the problems they might encounter and have opportunity to practice making use of educational games in education.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS, TECHNOLOGY ORIENTATION AND INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP PERCEPTIONS

Elif AKDEMİR, Özlem YAVUZ — 2026-07-16

In line with scientific and technological developments, the world continues to grow rapidly. Therefore, new technologies and globalized economy have brought more new knowledge generation and new type of human model. In this context, only the education given in the school is no longer sufficient in today's world. Developments in science and technology necessitated the necessity of individuals who can make effective organizations, think critically and have problem solving skills in our age. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the students' critical thinking skills, their tendencies towards technology and their perceptions of individual entrepreneurship. In this study, exploratory correlation research model was used. Data related to the study were collected from 283 students in 2017-2018 academic year in 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th grades of Anatolian High School in a district of Zonguldak. The data related to the study were collected using Critical Thinking Tendency Scale, Technology Attitude Scale and Individual Entrepreneurship Perception Scale. Correlation analysis was performed for data analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. The results of the study revealed a low negative correlation between students' perceptions of technology and their critical thinking tendencies and individual entrepreneurship perceptions. However, there was a low positive correlation between critical thinking tendencies and individual entrepreneurship perceptions. In future studies, it should be investigated why secondary school students' perceptions of technology have a negative relationship with critical thinking dispositions and individual entrepreneurial perceptions.

THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC STEP EXERCISE ON STRESS LEVEL, LIFE QUALITY AND MENSTRUAL STATUS IN WOMEN

Pelin AKYOL, Osman İMAMOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic step exercise on stress level, quality of life and menstrual status in sedentary women. Method: In the research, sedentary women performing aerobic step exercises in Samsun sports halls were filled with personal information questionnaire as well as stress level perception and quality of life questionnaires. 398 sedentary women who completed the questionnaires were subjected to statistical procedures. The data collected in this study were evaluated with SPSS 22 statistical program. Chi square and Independence tests were used in the study. Findings: When the women who do not do sports in the research evaluated their health status according to themselves, they stated that 17,84% were bad, 53,27% were middle and 28,89% were good. 67.6% of sedentary women were found to have regular menstruation and 32.4% were menstruation irregular.. The stress score of woman with regular menstruation was 24.44, whereas those with irregular menstruation were found to have a stress score of 27.30. Stress scores of women with regular menstrual cycles are significantly lower than those of women with irregular menstruation (p<0,001). In addition, those with regular menstruation regularly have a significantly higher physical and psychological score than those with irregular menstruation. (p<0,05). The irregular menstrual vision rate of those attending regular physical activity for the last 3 years is lower than for those participating in regular physical activity during the last 6 months. Conclusion: It was seen that aerobic step exercise effected stress level, quality of life and menstruation in sedentary women. It is recommended that aerobic step exercises should be carried out in sedentary women to reduce stress and improve quality of life. Organizations are encouraged to raise awareness of women in this direction to increase their awareness of the benefits of regular aerobic exercises. In addition, it is necessary to remove from the understanding that it is a luxury to exercise in today's economic conditions and to create an easy and necessary understanding that can be done by everyone.

A REVIEW ON THE DELIVERY OF THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR EFL TEACHERS: FACE-TO-FACE, ONLINE AND BLENDED PROGRAMS

Sezen ARSLAN — 2026-07-16

Completing the bachelor degree and getting a teacher certificate does not simply mean that professional learning has ended. The improvements in educational philosophies and technological advancements entail a continuous professional development. Professional development programs are of crucial importance for teachers in terms of expanding current teacher knowledge, improving in-class behaviors and teaching skills. That is to say, the teachers act as both teaching agents and researchers who are in pursuit of acquiring field knowledge for meeting the profession’s requirements. The 21st century can be recognized as an age which calls for life-long learning; that is, learning is a never-ending process for teachers. In order to promote professional learning and development, in-service teacher training activities including workshops, specialized courses, seminars, and panels could be organized. A specific content is defined in accordance with the professional needs of the teachers and conducted through adopting the delivery methods: face-to-face, online and blended. This current study presents the definitions of these three methods, identifies pros and cons, and discusses their usability and effectiveness considering the teachers in this current century by drawing mainly on the literature and research findings. Accordingly, some pedagogical implications regarding undergraduate (BA) and post-graduate programs (MA and Ph.D) designed for teachers of English are described.

DEVELOPMENTOF ATTITUDE SCALE TOWARDS GIVING PSYCHOLOGICAL COLUNSELING HELPING

Abdullah Mücahit ASLAN, Fatma İNCEMAN KARA , Mustafa KAYIR , Adnan KAN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool that can determine the attitudes of professional staff giving psychological helping towards giving psychological counseling helping.The scale form created by there searchers was applied to 470 people.The study group of the research are 4th grade undergraduate students (f=%77,9; n=366)from the Departments of Psychological Counseling and Guidance (PCG) of seven universities and psychological counselors (f=%22,1; n=104) working in schools of the Ministry of National Education.The criteria considered in the selection are to have taken “Individual Psychological Counseling Applications” course for PCG undergraduate students and to be graduated from PCG undergraduate program for psychological counselors. Several analyses were conducted on the data from participants for validity and reliability. Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (DFA) were performed on different groups to examine the construct validity.EFA was conducted on the data from the first group (n1=250) and CFA was conducted on the data from the second group(n2=220).According to EFA results, It was determined that the scale consists of 24 items and 3 sub-dimensions. These sub-dimensions are called by there searchers as positive tendency, negative tendency and behavioral tendency depending on the content of the items. CFA was also performed for the validity of the scale. The 3-factor structure was verified by CFA results. This structure explains 59.13% of the total variance. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole scale was found to be .94, whereas for indi¬vidual factors of the scale ranged between .84 and .93. The findings of the study revealed that the scale was a valid and reliable instrument for measuring attitudes towards giving psychological counseling helping.

Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions of Pedagogical Formation Certificate Program and Teaching Profession

Özlem ATEŞ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to determine preservice teachers’ perceptions of pedagogical formation certificate program (PFCP) and the teaching profession. Data were collected using metaphors, mind maps, and feedback forms to determine participants’ perceptions of PFCP and teaching profession, respectively. Phenomenology, which is one of the qualitative research design, was used in the study. Study sample consisted of 48 PFCP students attending pedagogical formation certificate program at a university located in Aegean Region, in the spring semester of 2015-2016 academic year. Participants’ metaphors of PFCP were analyzed using content analysis. According to the results of the content analysis, the aspects of PFCP that the majority of participants emphasized were as follows: helping them improve their skills, requiring responsibility, integrating and helping them find a job quickly. Some participants’ metaphors of PFCP addressed its structural properties or positive/negative effects. Frequencies of valid words or phrases in participants’ mind maps were calculated to determine their perceptions of the teaching profession. The words pertaining to the teaching profession were listed under the categories of “requirements of the teaching profession” and “benefits of the teaching profession.” Participants frequently expressed such words as “teaching,” “love,” “knowledge,” “respect/dignity” etc. On the other hand, the emphasis on “money,” “status,” “vacation,” “comfort,” “familial approval” etc. were widely common in some mind maps. The feedback forms filled out by six participants were examined to determine the rationale for their perceptions of PFCP and the teaching profession. Data from the feedback forms were analyzed using descriptive analysis, and direct quotes were used to present participants’ perceptions and views. Although the results cannot be generalized, they present a cross-section regarding differences in participants’ perceptions of PFCP and the teaching profession. We believe that this study will pave the way for more in-depth studies on factors affecting people's perceptions.

"The Compassion Revolution” in Prevention of School Bullying

Fatih AYDEMİR — 2026-07-16

The school is an environment in which children are academically developed and become socially aware of themselves. In this process, bullying cases can inflict a deep harm in one's life. A total of 22 middle school 6th grade students participated in this experimental study under control and experimental groups, which was designed to prevent school bullying. In the study, “pretest-posttest design with a nonequivalent control group” was employed and both of the experimental and control group were measured at pretest and posttest. The experimental group completed the religiously and culturally sensitive training program “Compassion Revolution” in 6 weeks and no program was applied to the control group during this process. In this study, the concepts of bullying and cruelty were examined by taking into account the social consequences in the short and long term, and it was planned to test an educational program compatible with belief based Anatolian traditions and customs against bullying situations which are occurring in the schools. This program was foreseen to be presented as an exemplary application to reduce bullying behaviors in schools. The Compassionate Revolution program is an educational, developmental, cognitive-orientated, skill-oriented, task-oriented social skills training. It is a psycho-education program based on these features. The Compassion Revolution was structured on the basis of the social structure of society. Indeed, educational programs designed to prevent bullying, based on the Social Cognitive Theory, can produce positive results. At the end of the study, participating students’ perceptional and behavioral changes were analyzed with statistical methods and it was observed that the program played a positive role in reducing students’ bullying behaviors.

Evaluation of Pre-School Curriculum According to Stufflebeam’s CIPP Model

Sevinç AYDIN, Şener ŞENTÜRK , Volkan DURAN — 2026-07-16

The curriculum evaluation is carried out in order to review the teaching process and the teaching resources, to identify the problems encountered by the educators, teachers as well as administrators and to find solutions, to develop the curriculum with the aims of the curriculum by comparing the qualifications of the students and the qualifications of targeted occupations that students will have in the future. Assessment is made by gathering data about the students, teaching methods and teaching resources, curriculum goals, achievements of graduates, and satisfaction levels of students and teachers from the curriculum. Many models can be used for the curriculum evaluation. One of these models is the CIPP model developed by Daniel Stufflebeam. The context, input, process and product m odel, which is called Stufflebeam's CIPP model, is very comprehensive and versatile. The purpose of this model is to inform people who have the authority to make decisions about the curriculum. During the evaluation process, the authorities must decide on four areas for the curriculum. These are; decisions on planning, decisions on structuration, decisions on implementation and monitoring, and decisions on reorganization. The appropriate type of assessment can be used for each of these four different decision stages. These are context, input, process, and product. Pre-school education is the first educational step that provides the child with multi-faceted development. For this reason, the evaluation of the training program and the determination of the deficiencies may indirectly affect the healthy development of children in a multidimensional way. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pre-school education curriculum based on Stufflebeam's Context, Input, Process, Product Evaluation Model in the direction of teacher opinions. Pre-school Stufflebeam Program Evaluation Scale developed by researchers was used in the research in which the descriptive screening model was used in quantitative research methods. In the research, the data were obtained in electronic form using google docs infrastructure. In the analysis of the data obtained from 155 pre-primary teachers, it was seen that in all dimensions they were in the middle level at the level of "I agree at the middle level" ( = 3.33). In addition, there was no significant gender difference in the views regarding the programa in terms of male and female teachers. It was seen that the employees in the center were more favored by the workers in the villages and districts, and those in the beginning and in the beginning were more positive than the other teachers.

A TALE OF MODERNIZATION: VILLAGE INSTITUTES

Murtaza AYKAÇ, Necdet AYKAÇ , Hakan Serhan SARIKAYA — 2026-07-16

This study aimed to evaluate the Village Institutes in terms of the effect of the application to modernization in Turkey. This assessment was addressed under the themes of process, goals and philosophy, economic development, community values development, arts education, social cultural life, programs and further education. In this study descriptive method is used. It is tried to be revealed that what kind of a role Village Institutes had in modernization of Turkey by document analysis based on review of literature in this study. Data were analyzed using deductive content analysis. The data is read and edited by creating a frame. For this research, six of the themes identified from the beginning were filled in and the findings were supported by direct quotations. As the result of researches conducted, it is seen that Village Institutes featured in Turkey’s modernization and enlightenment. The Village Institutes also contributed to the modernization of society through art. Especially in the Village Institutes, students’ being engaged in a branch of art and creating products and sharing these products with both friends and people living in the village enabled the enrichment and sharing of art products. With this aspect it can be said that Village Institutes brings light to Turkey’s modernization process. The implementation of the Village Institutes lasted very short period of time with lots of interruptions. Due to the failure to implement democratization, the lack of land reform and the elimination of scientific and democratic principles in the education process the Village Instutues was left unfinished and unfortunately the desired results could not be reached.

SCIENCE QUESTIONS IN TRANSITION EXAMINATIONS TO TRANSITION TO SECONDARY EDUCATION IN THE LAST TEN YEARS BY TEACHER CANDIDATES

Asiye BERBER, Burcu ANILAN — 2026-07-16

In our research, the science questions of secondary school examinations of OKS, SBS, and TEOG that are held for the past 10 years and LGS sample questions that are published in December 2017 are evaluated by teacher candidates for the purpose of obtaining their views. Additionally, afterward of these evaluations teacher candidates’ opinions and recommendations regarding the placements of students to high schools are attained. In this scope, it is targeted to acknowledge the high school entrance exam experiences of the science teacher candidates, their interpretation of those experiences and what their experiences mean for them. Therefore, general qualitative research method was designated. In this research, among other qualitative research types, phenomenology research was used to obtain data. In the data analysis, descriptive analysis technique was used. When teacher candidates examined the questions of OKS, SBS and TEOG, they indicated the hardest one as being OKS. The majority of teacher candidates stated that the OKS and SBS questions were selective, however, TEOG questions were not. When teacher candidates compared OKS to other exams, they viewed it as being more inclusive. Teacher candidates who analyzed the sample questions of LGS think that it will be more selective than the current TEOG examination. Among all the examinations that teacher candidates evaluated so far, they found LGS to be the most selective and applicable. According to the expressions of teacher candidates, it can be inferred that regarding the placement of high school students, they did not recommend any system that excluded examinations. In general, teacher candidates recommended an examination system that should take account of students interests, talents and wills. They stated that the examination should not only consist of multiple choice questions yet it should also include open-ended questions that give more space to application and it should include ability measuring specific questions and applications. They proposed that within the scope of the lessons taken together with the exam, teacher evaluations and interviews by determined commissions should be made; academic scores and activities that affect social developments should also be evaluated.

Archetypal Leadership Education Model (Alem): Mixed Embedded Experimental Study

Orkun Osman BİLGİVAR — 2026-07-16

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Archetypal Leadership Education Program (ALEP) that is prepared by the researcher for teachers in the context of qualitative data obtained by embedded theory study and to create the Archetypal Leadership Education Model by revealing the original leadership archetypes, which are supposed to be embedded in Turkish culture, through mixed embedded experimental model. In the Embedded Experimental Study model, qualitative data were collected before, during and after the experiment.The quantitative data of the research were obtained during the experiment stage of the Mixed Embedded Experimental pattern. By the qualitative findings obtained before the experiment, the Archetypal Leadership Education Program (ALEP) were developed. During the 14-week application, quantitative and qualitative data from the study were collected and analyzed simultaneously. During the experiment, quantitative data were collected by Personal Information Form, Myers Briggs Personality Type Inventory (MBTI) and Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI). In order to determine whether there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test measurements of the experimental - control groups and the development of the groups within themselves, the Paired Sample t-Test, one-way covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was applied. During the experiment, qualitative data were collected and analyzed by considering constructivist embedded theory stages. At the qualitative stage after the experiment, two independent groups consisting of teachers and principals and two focus group interviews were conducted and the qualitative data were compared with the qualitative data obtained during the experiment. In the quantitative findings obtained from the results of the study, it was determined that ALEP improved the leadership characteristics of the teachers and caused differentiation in the personality traits expressed in four letters. As mentioned in the research model, the findings obtained from the qualitative data collection tools applied before, during, and after, 12 leadership archetypes (Researcher, Focused Practical, Knowledgeable Expert, Innovative, Entrepreneurial Team, Communicator, Coach, Patient, Respectful, Merciful, Fair, Faithful Authoritarian) were identified and 2 core categories (Wise & Virtue) were obtained. Findings obtained from quantitative data and qualitative data obtained in the research process were evaluated in the context of Kendall's tau-b correlation analysis results and by combining the data in the pattern stage, Archetypal Leadership Education Model (ALEM) was created.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ETHICAL LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT LEVELS OF TEACHERS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Elif BOZCAN, , Münevver YALÇINKAYA — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between ethical leadership behaviors and the level of communication skills of school administrators and the level of organizational commitment of teachers working at primary education institutions. This is a descriptive study that adopts a general approach using a screening model. The population of the study consists of teachers working in public and private primary education institutions in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The sample of the study consists of 149 teachers working at public and private primary education institutions in Nicosia, Famagusta and Morphou under the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Ministry of Education. In the research, data collection tools consist of Personal Information Form, Ethical Leadership Scale, Communication Skills Assessment Scale, and Organizational Commitment Scale. Arithmetic mean, frequency, percentage analysis and standard deviation calculations were carried out for the data analysis and t-Test and one-way analysis of variance was applied to determine the differences in the study. Correlation analysis was also conducted to determine the relationship between ethical leadership levels and communication skills of school principals and organizational commitment levels of teachers. At the same time, multiple regression analysis was conducted to prediction this. The data of the study were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 program. As a result of the study, it was found out that teachers gave positive opinions regarding the ethical leadership behaviors and communication skills possessed by school administrators and their organizational commitment are found to be positive accordingly. This study is important in terms of providing a more qualified educational system as teachers working with school administrators with high communication skills and ethical values will be positively affected in terms of the level of organizational commitment.

THE STUDY OF RELATİONSHİP BETWEEN SHARED LEADERSHİP PRACTİCES İN SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS' ORGANİZATİONAL TRUST LEVELS AND POSİTİVE FEELİNGS TOWARDS WORK.

Aynur BOZKURT BOSTANCI, Yusuf GİDİŞ , Filiz DİLSİZ , Elif UĞURLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between shared leadership perceptions of teachers' schools and organizational trust and feelings towards work.The research is in relational search model. The universe of the research is primary school teachers working in Manisa. In the study, easily accessible sampling was made. The sample of the study was composed of 340 primary school teachers working in Manisa. The data were gathered by the ’Shared Leadership Perception Scale , the Positive Emotion Scale and the Organizational Trust Scale. According to the research results; Teachers find the existence of shared leadership practices in schools at a high level. Teachers have high levels of organizational trust and positive feelings towards work. Besides, there are positive relationships between teachers' perceptions of shared leadership practices in schools and organizational trust levels and positive emotions towards work. Again, the perceptions of the teachers about shared leadership practices in schools predict the levels of organizational trust and positive feelings towards work. In the research, suggestions were made to increase the shared leadership practices in schools and to include in legal regulations.

INVESTIGATION OF TEACHING THE VALUE OF RESPONSIBILITY WITH DROP HANDKERCHIEF GAME USING VIGNETTE TECHNIQUE

Eyüp BOZKURT, Mehmet Akif SÖZER — 2026-07-16

In the world of the 21st century, sharing of information is increasing rapidly and continuously. This situation leads to many changes and developments in the social life of people. Intercultural interaction is accelerated with the increase of sharing. The rapid interaction between cultures can sometimes result in favourable outcomes and sometimes in unfavourable outcomes as well. The societies influenced by the popular culture move away from their own identities and corrupt their own culture. As the continuity and transfer of the values is so important, the importance of values education is also increasing day by day. This training provided especially in childhood will contribute to healthy growth of generations. Educators are trying to give values to the children with both the contents of the course and separate activities. The most effective educational tool for children in the age of physical and sensory development can be considered as games. Because the game is the child's whole life. This study aims at teaching the value of responsibility with drop the handkerchief game, one of the traditional children’s games and is based on qualitative research method and experimental design with pre-test and post-test control group. A total of 40 students of fourth grade from the primary school, 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group, were included in the study. Experimental and control groups were equalized as much as possible in regard to a variety of variables. The results of the research show a significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the experimental group and not a significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the control group. It is observed that the students in the experimental group have learned the value of responsibility.

EFFECT of THE STEM ACTİVİTİES RELATED TO IMPULSE-MOMENTUM TOPİCS ON ACADEMİC ACHİEVEMENT

Mert BÜYÜKDEDE, Rabia TANEL — 2026-07-16

In this study, the effects of the STEM (Science-Technology-Mathematics-Engineering) activities on the academic achievement of the prospective teachers were investigated on the topics of Impulse-Momentum. To accomplish the aim, the data collection tool is named as "Impulse-Momentum Achievement Test". In the study, semi-experimental model with pre-test and post-test control group was used. During the application step of the research, Impulse-Momentum subject was processed in STEM activities approach to the students in the experimental group. In the control group, the lessons were carried out with the traditional teaching method. As a result of the research, a significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group in terms of the academic achievement of the teacher candidates for Impulse-Momentum subject.

The Effect of Preschool Education on 48-66 Month-old Syrian Children’s Development

Münevver CAN YAŞAR, Özgün UYANIK AKTULUN , Nezahat Hamiden KARACA , Hülya TEKE — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of preschool education on the development of 48-66 month-old Syrian children. The study group consisted of 14 children and their mothers. In the study, which used mixed design, General Information Form, “Early Development Evaluation Form”, “Interview form for the Effectiveness of Preschool Education”, “Interview Form for the Concepts of Peace and Violence”, “Game Interview Form” and “Teacher Interview Form” were used as data collection tools. The difference between the pre-test and post-test scores obtained from the forms was evaluated by Wilcoxen Signed Ranks Test. The data obtained from the semi-structured interview forms were analyzed through using descriptive analysis method. Findings derived from the experiment and semi-structured interview forms were presented. According to the findings, significant differences were found between pre-test and post-test scores of language, social emotional and motor development areas. As a result of the semi-structured interviews the mothers reported that pre-school education supported the social-emotional development of their children and that it contributed to their children’s development of Turkish vocabulary; and defined the concept of peace as “something beautiful, peace and love” while they defined the concept of violence as “injustice, hatred, grudge”. At the same time, the researchers asked about the opinions of mothers about the games they played with their children in the home environment, but the mothers stated that playing games by girls and women was not acceptable according to their own culture. Suggestions were presented in accordance with the results of the study.

CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MULLER-RUSCH STRING METHOD

Sonat COŞKUNER, Bahar AYDIN — 2026-07-16

In this research, content analysis of Muller-Rusch string method was made. This method has been widely used in Europe and the United States, although it is not widely known in Turkey. Muller-Rusch string method has a content that can provide aimed acquisitions in the beginning stage of violin training in 30 lessons that are prepared systematically. Popular songs that children play with pleasure are used in order to teach aimed subjects. For preschool children, line notation system is used in order to rule out the difficulty in note-reading. In the method, finger practice on Re and La strings was made first with pizzicato, then usage of bow is taught. Muller-Rusch string method is prepared for quick learning with lessons sorted from easy to difficult, without bothering the student. In the research, content analysis of lessons in the method was made profoundly. It is aimed that the method would be known by violin trainers in Turkey thanks to the detailed analysis of Muller-Rusch string method.

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND MISCONCEPTIONS OF TEACHER CANDIDATES ABOUT WATER

Mürşet ÇAKMAK, Reşit ÇAKMAK , Giray TOPAL — 2026-07-16

This study was conducted to investigate the misconceptions and knowledge levels of teacher candidates about water according to gender, the field they studied and the class they were in. The study was conducted with science teacher candidates (N = 87) studying at Dicle University Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education. The screening model was used in this study and as data collection tool, Water Information Test (SBT) was used. This test, prepared by the researchers, has been written and developed as a total of 57 items related to the physical, chemical and biological properties of water. The validity and reliability analyzes of the developed test were performed. As a result of the analysis, 26 items with item discrimination indices less than 0.20 were eliminated from the test. The remaining 31 items were used in SBT. The KR-20 reliability of the test was 0.79. The percentage and frequency values were calculated for data evaluation. According to the findings of the test, it was seen that the level of knowledge of the prospective teachers about water was close to 50 percent and the misconceptions about water were very high. It can also be said that there are similar results according to the gender, the department and the class they study. Teacher candidates have been mostly found to carry misconceptions on such items as "The amount of dissolved gases increases, as the temperature of the water increases.", "When water and salt (NaCl) are mixed, a chemical reaction takes place and the salt disintegrates.", "Snow and rainwater are the purest waters in nature.", "Water is mixed with all liquid substances.", "Water has a clear dipole moment.", "It is accepted that a person should consume at least 1 liter of water per day in order to meet his biological needs and to survive." Based on these data, some suggestions were given to the researchers and practitioners.

Administrator and Teacher Opinions Regarding the Respect of the Teaching Profession

Naciye ÇALIŞICI ÇELİK, Bilgen KIRAL — 2026-07-16

The teaching profession is a job that is assumed the responsibility to create the future of society through the self-discovery and self- realization of the individual. In this context, The teaching profession should have a more specific meaning than many other professions in the society. In this study; It has been aimed to reveal the respect for the teaching profession of the society, the parents, the officers and servants of the school, the teachers, the students and the administrators according to the opinions of classroom teachers and school administrators. The research was carried out by means of phenomenology from qualitative research methods. The research was completed by interviewing 8 classroom teachers and 8 school administrators working in four different elementary schools in the province of Efeler in of Aydın in 2017-2018 academic year. The schools in the study group were selected with the deviant case sampling in purposive sampling methods and interviewers were selected through maximum diversity. In the analysis of the data, content analysis technique was used. According to the results of the research; the vast majority of classroom teachers and school administrators participating in the survey expressed that the level of respect for the teaching profession of the society, the parents, the teachers and the administrators was low whereas the servants woking in the school, officers and the elementary school students whose ages were younger expressed that the level of respect for the teaching profession was high. The reasons for the decline in respect for the teaching profession are defined such as the negative news in the media, being a teacher from different departments, the classification of teachers as paid, permanent and contracted, insufficient financial rights, intervention in the teaching process, administrative appointments, the change of value judgments of the society etc. According to the results of the research, the opinions such as the laws and regulations of The Ministry of National Education should be rearranged, the teachers should be only employed as permanent and education faculty graduated staff, the increase of teacher’s salary, giving importance to education of parents and values, publishing positive news in the media, etc. were determined in order to increase the respect for the profession of a teacher.

Mathematics Teacher Candidates' Success Level Related to Context Based/Non-Context Based Problems And Opinions on This Subject

Halil Coşkun ÇELİK, Muhammet Faysal AKIN , Aziz İLHAN — 2026-07-16

The aim of the study was to compare the levels of achievement of mathematics teacher candidates in terms of context-based and non-contextual problems in terms of gender and class-level variables. The exploratory design of mixed method, which includes both quantitative and qualitative methods, was used in the study. The survey method was used in the quantitative dimension of the study. In qualitative dimension, phenomenological design which is one of the qualitative research designs is used. In the quantitative dimension of the research, two different tests consisting of context-based and non-contextual problems were applied to 125 mathematics teacher candidates. In the qualitative dimension, a structured interview form was applied to the same sample group. Frequency, percentage, Cohen’s d, Cohen’s f, t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for the analysis of quantitative data and content analysis methods were used for analysis of qualitative data. As a result of the quantitative analysis of the study, it has been found that the students' achievement in solving context - based problems is higher than the achievement in solving non - context - based problems. While the difference between these test scores was significant, the scores of the context-based and non-contextual tests showed no significant difference according to the gender variable. A significant difference was found between the scores of the context-based and non-context-based tests according to the class-level variable. As a result of the analysis of qualitative data, it was found that participants found the context-based problems easy and clear, they found it useful in establishing relationships with daily life, and had some problems in distinguishing between non-contextual and non-contextual problems.

Relationship of Organizational Accountability Levels of Higher Education Institutions to Organizational Commitment and Organizational Trust Levels of the Academic Staff

Münevver ÇETİN, İsmail KARSANTIK , Esra YAZICI , İsmail EROL — 2026-07-16

Educational organizations are one of the most significant social institutions of a society. Efficiency and administrative position of the educational institutions in a society is associated with their coordination in the direction of social expectations. The efficiency level of an educational institution requires an organizational form, adequate resources, consistent policies based on scientific and technological developments and quality employees with social needs. It is indicated that accountability, organizational commitment and organizational trust are relevant with the requirements. There has been an increase in the studies focusing on accountability policies for 20 years due to increasing the quality of education and providing improvements in the supervision and guidance of the education systems. Accountability affect the participation of the members and the time they spend on reaching the goals of the institution. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of the accountability level of higher education institutions with organizational commitment and organizational trust of teacher educators. The study was conducted in correlational survey model which is one of the quantitative research models. Whereas the population of the study included the academic staff at the state universities which are located in Istanbul and have a ten-year history, the sample of the study consisted of 510 academic staff who worked at three state universities in Istanbul in 2017-2018 academic year. The results of the study indicated that perceptions of the accountability level of higher education institutions were significantly correlated with the organizational commitment and organizational trust of the academic staff, and organizational commitment and organizational trust were significantly predicted the accountability of higher education institutions.

THE INVESTIGATION OF MENTAL DURABILITY LEVELS OF TENNIS SPORTS BY SOME VARIABLES

Oktay ÇOBAN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the mental durability levels of university students participating in the tournament organized by the university sports federation in 2017 according to some variables. The study group, Turkey in sports tournaments organized by the Federation and who agreed to participate voluntarily separate from the 43 research universities, 61 male, 64 female athletes is formed. Athletes in the sport mental endurance scale within the day, made the end of the match. Sheard et al. (2009) and Pehlivan (2014) adapted to Turkish by the da Mental Resilience Scale in Sport), in addition to the four-item information form was used for individuals. SPSS 22.0 package program was used for statistical analysis of the obtained data and results were evaluated at p <0.05 significance level. When the skewness and kurtosis values were examined to determine whether the data showed normal distribution (+.005 and -.842), the deviation and kurtosis values of the dimensions of attachment (.474 and .303) and control (.212 and -.814) were +1.500 and - It was found to be between 1,500 values (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2013). Thus, it was determined that the Mental Resilience sub-dimension scores of the study group were normal. Independent Sample t-Test to determine if athletes' Mental Stamina levels in Sports show a significant difference according to gender status One Way Anova was performed to determine whether age, athlete age, age of tennis training differed significantly according to the variables. The aim of this study is to reveal the mental resilience level of the university students who play tennis and to emphasize the importance of mental training with the coach and the athletes. There was no statistically significant result of the mental durability levels of the students who played tennis in sport according to gender, age, age of athletes, tennis playing time.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES OF STUDENTS SELECTED COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS ON MOTOR FEATURES

Ahmet ÇÖNDÜ, Orhan Ahmet ŞENER , Şerife ALPA — 2026-07-16

This study implementation in primary grades 4 and 5 of the physical education classes selsected to determine the effect on motor characteristics and accordingly was done in order to examine differences between students. The study sample group 2 hours per week on a regular basis the physical education teachers at the side of the course as a practical involved 35 students and pyhsical education classes classroom teachers under the supervision of regularly participating 35 primary 1 and 2 in step read 70 students who voluntered to participate. To achive the purpose of there search volunteeers who participated in the study with physical measutrements of flexibility, armmovements, speed, balance, standing long jump, armstrenght, sit-upsand speed such as motor characteristics were measured

THE EVALUATION OF THE SENESCENCE PERCEPTIONS AND THE LIFELONG LEARNING NEEDS OF ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS

Yakup DAĞLI, Hayat BOZ — 2026-07-16

In this study, it was aimed to determine the senescence perceptions and the lifelong learning needs of the elderly individuals for preparation for aging. Qualitative research methods were applied in this research, which is a needs analysis in the phenomenological design pattern; in-depth interviews were conducted in Ankara with 39 elderly participants who were identified by means of maximum diversity sampling method which is one of the purposeful sampling methods. Questions about the ageing perceptions, the problems faced in old ages, retirement life, and preparation for the old ages were asked to the elderly who have been experiencing the aging process. The answers were interpreted after open, axis and selective coding. Findings revealed that the individuals have a negative perception of aging and they encounter problems related to old age, family, economy, social relations, loneliness, using technology, looking after the elderly, death of relatives, illiteracy and age discrimination. In addition, it was found that individuals have an unplanned transition to retirement life and experience problems similar to the problems of old age during retirement. The participants think that people should prepare for old age but they do not due to not being aware of ageing and their personal responsibilities. As a result, it can be stated that, in the process of ageing, there may be educational needs in 11 areas that may vary according to socio-demographic characteristics. These topics include healthy life, psychology, leisure time activities, work-profession, technology use, knowing public rights, elderly care, religious issues, literacy, financial management and agriculture. At the end of the study, suggestions were made to prepare training programs for the old age considering the androgogical and gerontological assumptions.

THE QUALITY OF ANY EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM CAN NOT EXCEED THE QUALITY OF THE TEACHER

Nurhak Cem DEDEBALİ, Ulaş KUBAT , Fevzi DURSUN — 2026-07-16

All elements must be qualified for the quality of the education-training process. The teachers come at the forefront of factors that determine the quality of education in this process. The qualities expected to be able to raise qualified teachers or to be qualified teachers are one of the most important things to think about today. In this research, I aim to examine the opinions of some faculty members of Gaziosmanpasa and Sinop universities about the skills that a qualified teacher must have. The study employs survey methods. The research datas contain the following open-ended questions: 1. What are the skills that you want to see in a good and qualified teacher? 2. What do you think the the differentiating characteristics are that make profession of teaching different from from other professions?The research is carried out with 31 faculty members who teach at faculties of education of Gaziosmanpaşa and Sinop universities. The research data were collected by the researchers through preliminary interviews with those faculty members by presenting them all necessary explanations beforehand. In order to enable the faculty members easily express what they would like to express in this matter, the data were collected by interviewing them using an open-ended interview form. The creation of the data collection tool has benefited from the existing literature and specialists’ opinions. A total of three specialists (two from Education Programs and Teaching, and one from Education Management Department) were interviewed and pre-trial practice was carried out with five faculty members. After some revisions have been made in the preliminary results, it has been given its final form. The data were collected from the faculty members who voluntarily agreed to participate in the survey. In the analysis of the data, a descriptive content analysis method was used. According to the findings of the research, as the qualifications of a teacher are emphasized, , communicating, professional development, modeling, teaching according to the students, applying the methods, etc.). They pointed out the characteristics of the teaching profession such as human-oriented, spiritual, social, intensive study and innovation.

Determining the Education Needs of Parents: The Case of Çukurca District

Esra DEMİR ÖZTÜRK, Gülşah KURU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to reveal the educational needs of parents. The study group consisted of parents who participated in the project within the scope of Çukurca Education Quality Improvement Project (ÇEKAP) during 2017-2018 academic year and who resided in Çukurca district of Hakkâri Province. A total of 137 parents were the research group of this study. In this research conducted in qualitative method, as a data collection tool; a personal information form including demographic information about parents and a semi-structured interview form with questions about training needs. Interviews with parents were conducted individually in the form of home visits by determining the appropriate time intervals. Content analysis method was used for data analysis. As a result of the research, it was seen that parents need education both for themselves and for children. While the educational needs of parents related to children can be seen most about what they can do for children's development; it was found that parents need educational support for their academic knowledge and skills. It is determined that parents want the educational program to be full of artistic activities. It is also determined that the most suitable time for training days and hours is on Mondays and between 14.00 and 15.00 hours. As a result, it was found that parents adopted the field of mental development as the most important development area for children's development and wanted to develop themselves in academic subjects.

A Study of Informal Environmental Education: Suggestion for a Sustainable Urban Model

Emel DİKMENTEPE, Oğuz ÖZDEMİR — 2026-07-16

Environmental degradation caused by rapid urbanization and over-population growth seriously threatens the sustainability of urban life. Sustainability of urban life can only be achieved by raising awareness among all parties about the spread of sustainable practices. Sustainable urban policies are developed and implemented in various parts of the world to make urban life sustainable. Behind these policies lies the idea of designing urban life in accordance with the principles of sustainable practices such as conformity to nature, competence, efficiency and participation. Sustainable practices emerging through the needs felt in everyday life such as food, clothing, heating, housing, energy and electricity, cleaning, cosmetics, health, leisure, recreation, education, culture, sports, transportation, agriculture, farming, etc. play effective roles in the realization of sustainable urban transformation. The proliferation of these sustainable practices depends to a large extent on their adoption by the community and social participation. At this point, in order for sustainable practices to become wide spread, urban residents, local government officials, experts, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should assume important duties in economic, social and environmental dimensions. In this connection, “sustainable urban model” developed in a doctoral dissertation is introduced in the current research. This study was conducted in line with the survey model. The scope of the current study covers the urban life practices in the central province of the city of Muğla determined by means of the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected by using qualitative data collection tools such as “on-spot observations”, “face-to-face interviews”, “in depth interviews” and “document analysis”. They were analyzed through the content analysis on the basis of pre-determined parameters and sustainable practices. In light of the findings, some suggestions were made to make sustainable practices more widespread in urban life.

EVALUATION OF LEARNING OUTCOMES IN TURKISH CURRICULUM (1-8TH GRADES) WITH REGARD TO SPIRAL CURRICULUM MODEL

Bekir DİREKCİ, Mehmet YAVUZ — 2026-07-16

The curriculum development is one of the first steps in planning the educational process. The content is organized within the framework of the general approach of the curriculum. The spiral curriculum model is one of the approaches used in the organization of the contents where learning is recurrent over time and the structure and scope of the learning process are revisited at each grade level with increasing depth. In addition, it is preferred due to its functionality in the regulation of content for language teaching programs as it enables to build new learning on pre-learning and the retention of learning. The present study which examined the learning outcomes of listening/viewing, speaking, reading, and writing skills in Turkish curriculum (MONE, 2018) adopted the case study design of the qualitative research methods. The data were collected through document analysis and interviews with field and program development specialists and teachers. The collected data were classified and analysed by means of content analysis technique. The findings showed that whilst the learning outcomes prepared in line with the spiral model were about basic skills which students were supposed to have, especially receptive and productive skills, the others were mainly about the first literacy process, psychomotor skills, and grammar. In the light of the findings of the study, it was concluded that the learning outcomes in Turkish curriculum were organized in accordance with the spiral model in general terms.

EVALUATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL LOGISTICS COURSE TEACHING PROGRAMS AND CONTENT PROPOSAL FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TURKISH REPUBLIC ON

Ekrem Ziya DUMAN — 2026-07-16

In the study, the curriculum of the logic course, which has been accepted in the secondary education from the Republic to the present day, has been basically evaluated in comparison with each other in terms of content and a new content proposal has been presented. In this context, qualitative research method was used in the study. Therefore, document analysis was applied because of the fact that the analysis of the written materials containing information about the targeted facts and events was done. Sınce the foundation of the Turkish Republic seven logic course curricula, including 1924, 1935, 1957, 1976, 1986, 1993 and 2009 programs, have been adopted. It was striking that while a classical logic-weighted content was introduced in the programs before the 1976 logic curriculum was accepted, the logic course curriculums adopted in 1976, 1986 and 1993 had a symbolic logic weighted content. It is noteworthy that there were topics of clusters and circuits in the 1976 logic course curriculum. The fact that the subjects of identity, entity and modality logic and logic philosophy unit were integrated into the 1993 logic course curriculum made this program different from other programs in terms of content. The remarkable unit in the 2009 logic course curriculum is the unit of logic and language. An important issue that strikes us at the end of the study is the reflection of the scientific, cultural and political structures of the period on the curriculum. For example, through the effect of positivism many approaches such as mechanism and atomism were explained in the programs, and thus in the courses, until 1976 logic course curriculum. As a result of the study, it is suggested that subjects such as methodology, sets, circuits, different logic systems, logic and life, logic in the islamic Turkish thought, logical reading, logic studies in Turkey and the development of logic discipline be integrated into the logic course curriculum to be newly prepared. It has been found that these suggestions and those in similar studies done in the field of philosophy group overlap.

FANTASTIC ELEMENTS IN THE SERIE OF “LITTLE VAMPIRE” BY ANGELA SOMMER-BODENBURG

Esma DUMANLI KADIZADE, Can SAKAR — 2026-07-16

The works constituted by considering the interests, needs, maturity and readiness levels of children can be evaluated within the scope of children's literature. In the context of Turkish literature, it seems that the literature of children has begun to show itself gradually with the first years of the Tanzimat. First, children's literature, which shows itself in our country through translation activities, has continued its development by being divided into different subspecies in our country as it is in the whole world after coming to the stage of maturation. In children's literature, one of these subspecies can be regarded as literary works with fantastic qualities. In this study, translated children's books (Little Vampire Series) belonging to Angela Sommer Bodenborg were examined within the context of the fantastic pieces. In the framework of the study, the basic problem cauces such as ''What is fantastic? What is the antagonism in the form of fantasy children's literature books in the world? has been tried to be solved. In the research, document review method was used in qualitative research methods. In this context, first of all, the works that are essential for the research are provided, the evaluation of the works has been completed and some findings have been reached in the main subject light. With this research, it is aimed to create a positive awareness for other works to be done by explaining the concept of '' fantastic ''.

MATERIALS USED IN A COURSE BOOK TAUGHT IN THE USA AND WAYS TO BENEFIT FROM THESE MATERIALS IN TURKISH EDUCATION

Gülşah DURMUŞ — 2026-07-16

Course books are one of the important materials that can be used in the teaching- learning process of basic language skills. However, there are various different materials that can be used in course books in these processes. Glencoe Literature: Reading with Purpose, Course One/ GLRwP is a rich course book that contains a variety of materials designed to improve reading skills from basic language skills. The purpose of this study is to give information about the materials used to improve reading skills in GLRwP; one of the course books from USA taught in the 6th grade Basic Language Skills lesson and to offer suggestions on how to transfer these materials to teaching- learning processes of Turkish Education. Descriptive screening, one of the qualitative research methods, has been used in the study. Descriptive studies are conducted to enlighten a given situation, to make assessments in line with standards and to identify possible associations between events. Scavenger Hunt; graphic organizers, webs, flowcharts, and venn diagrams; cartoon, graphic, illustration, photograph and painting analyzes; visual words, foldables, Study to Go, and a website organized for the course book are some of the materials found in GLRwP. At the end of the study, suggestions are made about how to use these materials for improving reading skills in Turkish Education.

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE VERB FRAMEWORK OF TENTH GRADE STUDENTS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION

Esra Ekinci ÇELİKPAZU, Muhsine BÖREKÇİ — 2026-07-16

For a student to be successful at a subject, it is necessary for him/her to know relevant concepts fully and to construct them in the mind accurately. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge and application level of high education tenth grade students at main concepts of Turkish verb frame, to identify their existent misconceptions and to dwell on the reasons of the misconceptions. Mixed methods research approach, which is both quantitative and qualitative, is used in this study. Misconception Detection Test that is prepared by the researcher, is applied to 224 tenth grade students, additionally it is asked them to write explanations about concepts that are identified for both two grade levels. The analyses of quantitative data is realized by assessment of students’ conception knowledge levels at six categories such as “knows”, “lack of knowledge”, “not knows”, “knows but can’t practice”, “hidden misconception” and “misconception”. The content analyses of qualitative data is realized by installation of students answers to four groups such as “knows”, “lack of knowledge”, “not knows” and “misconception”. From the findings of quantitative and qualitative data that supports each other, it is concluded that most of students do not know voice and its sub-concepts, can’t interrelate the concepts, can’t transfer their knowledge to application area and having misconceptions.

The Evaluation Of Academicians’ Classroom Management Verbal Skills By Teacher Candidates

Demirali Yaşar ERGİN — 2026-07-16

At faculty of education a lot of theoretical information is conveyed to undergraduate students and pedagogical formation students at different classes about their communication and guidance with their own students and about what to do and what not to do in order to develop positive attitude and behavior when they become teachers. These issues are underlined intensely especially during the classroom management class. However the impact of a teacher upon their student is strengthened by becoming a role model. In other words, it is common knowledge that a teacher who acts in accordance with their statements will influence their students more, enabling them to reach their goal easier. At this point, the classroom management skills academicians working at faculties of education display towards preservice teachers become even more important. One of the important factors about achieving success at education is for the teacher who plays the role of the classroom manager to implement the management processes in a successful way. Classroom management skills are included within the framework of general management skills. Processes such as planning, coordination, organisation, communication, decision making, punishment and reward, etc. are also necessary for classroom management. Teacher’s success in these processes will determine the success of the training they conduct with their students. A great deal of teacher’s behavior regarding classroom management will be displayed at verbal communication with their students. The answer to the question “How good can the academicians exhibit the classroom management skills the preservice teachers –who are students themselves now- will need when they become teachers?” is an object of curiosity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the preservice teachers perceive the classroom management skills of the faculty of education academicians teaching their classes. This study was conducted at 2015-2016 spring term with 788 students randomly chosen from all departments of 4th grades and pedagogical formation program at Trakya University Faculty of Education. As the data collection tool, “Classroom Management Verbal Skills Scale” prepared by the researches was used. The scale consists of quartet graded 25 items. The scale consisting of 4 factors, with 2 positive and 2 negative values, has been identified to be valid, reliable and usable. The extents of the scale are these: Positive Personal Feedback, Avoidance of Negative Group Feedback, Supportive Feedback. T test for the analysis of the data, Post hoc for variance analysis and to determine the source of the difference and LSD techniques for analysis have been used.

OPINIONS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER CANDIDATES’ ON PREPARING DIGITAL CHILDREN LITERATURE PRODUCT EXPERIENCES

İhsan Seyit ERTEM, Ezgi ÇETİNKAYA ÖZDEMİR , Esma GÜLLÜ EGİN , Ersin PALABIYIK — 2026-07-16

The tradition of storytelling, which is known to exist much earlier than written sources, has started to find a place in the digital environment with the effect of developing technology. These literary products called digital stories; it is expressed as the creation of a product by synthesizing multimedia elements such as image, audio, video and animation. The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of teacher candidates about their experiences in preparing digital children's literature. In the study, where qualitative research method is used, the study group consisted of teacher candidates who are in the second grade of Gazi University Faculty of Education in the spring term of 2016-2017 academic years. As the study was carried out within the scope of the children's literature course in the second year of Gazi University, Classroom Education Department, the sample group was selected as Gazi University. Participants of the study consist of 55 teacher candidates. Research data were obtained through semi-structured interview forms and focus group interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained in the study. When the data obtained from the research group were examined, it was concluded that all of the teacher candidates had access to internet in their environments and actively used technology. In this process, more stories and fairy tales are preferred by teacher candidates. It is seen that the teacher candidates who completed the process in 5-7 days received the most help from their friends. Teachers candidates who defined the applications with their fun and creative words, stated that the text creation, voiceover and picture finding were the easiest part of the process, however, they had difficulty in program used, sound-text matched, writing to the child's level writing and digital dimension. Teacher candidates explained that digital children's literature products can be used actively to support different disciplines in the teaching process and this situation will benefit both themselves and students.

The Effect of Creative Writing Activities of Primary School Teachers on their Perceived Competence and Attitude towards Writing and Success in Creative Writing

Gökçen GÖÇEN — 2026-07-16

Writing is not solely transferring thoughts on paper. Writing is a skill that is required by one to express himself/herself appropriately and share his/her thoughts, feelings and imagination effectively with others. The fact that writing skills are not emphasized enough in schools leads learners to underestimate writing skills and dislike related practices. However, employing form and product-oriented writing practices will not make learners like writing. Creative writing activities, on the other hand, give teachers an opportunity to make their learners favor writing. The aim of creative writing activities is to improve learners’ imagination, help them create authentic products and more importantly to let them have fun while writing. Having writing activities, specifically creative writing, heavily depends on teachers. Teachers need to have improved their writing skills and to have learnt about process-oriented writing and creative writing. Therefore, this study aims to analyze primary school teachers’ perceived competence and attitude towards writing and their success in creative writing, and to reveal the effect of creative writing ctivities on the three points mentioned previously. The study employs the one group pretest-posttest design. The sample group is composed of 44 primary school teachers. The data was collected through Perceived Writing Competence Questionnaire, “The Attitude Scale Related to Writing Activities” (Temizkan and Sallabaş, 2009) and a Prompt for Eliciting Writing Product. In order to analyze the data, statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, t-test have been employed along with a set of criteria named “Evaluation Criteria Form for Creative Writing” (Susar Kırmızı, 2008). The results reveal that creative writing practices have positive effect on primary school teachers’ enthusiasm and liking for writing, on the improvement of their writing skills and on decreasing writing anxiety. In addition, it has been concluded that creative writing practices affect primary school teachers’ attitudes toward writing and academic success in creative writing positively.

EVALUATION OF PROSPECTIVE BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ABOUT STEM CELLS

Metin GÖNÜLTAŞ, Ali ATEŞ , Tuğba TAFLI — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to evaluate perceptions of the prospective biology teachers’ about the stem cell. In this research which was carried out in the academic year of 2017-2018, survey model was used among the quantitative research models. The study group of the research consists of 130 prospective teachers who were studying in Biology Education Department of two different state universities in the Central Anatolia Region. The "Stem Cell Perception Scale” developed by the researchers was used as data collection tool. Cronbach's alpha was calculated as .864 in the scale which was prepared as the five point likert scale. The scale, consisting of 19 items and having a 2-factor structure, has been identified as a valid and reliable measurement tool as a result of its exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The scale data was analyzed in SPSS 21.0 package program. In the analysis of the data, various descriptive analyses were calculated and the characteristics of the distribution were revealed. The perceptions were determined by calculating the arithmetic average of the each item in the scale in order to examine the relationship of prospective biology teachers’ perceptions about the stem cell. Among the parametric analysis techniques, independent t-test and one-way variance test were used since the data on the sub-problems of the research had showed normal distribution. t-test was applied to compare the relationship of their perceptions in the stem cell according to the universities. ANOVA test was used to determine the relation of the context at the grade level. As a result of the analysis, level of difference was determined as p <0,05. As a result of the research, according to the universities, no significant difference was found regarding the stem cell perceptions of prospective biology teachers. A significant difference was found in p =, 031 value of stem cell perceptions of them according to grade levels. The arithmetic average of each item was calculated in an intermediate level and it was concluded that prospective biology teachers' perceptions about the stem cell were sufficient.

The Effect of Integrated Curriculum on Student Motivation in Social Studies Courses

Fitnat GÜRGİL, Turhan ÇETİN — 2026-07-16

This research aims to reveal the effect of the use of integrated curriculum model prepared for the “Science, Technology and Society” learning domain on students’ motivation for learning in the 6th grade social studies courses. The study was conducted in a secondary school with middle-level socioeconomic status students in Ankara in the 2014-2015 school year. The study employed a pretest-posttest control group design, as a quasi-experimental method. A total of 61 secondary school students (30 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group) participated in the study. Based on the integrated curriculum approach, the experimental group was taught social studies, Turkish, sciences, visual arts and elective folk culture courses, while the control group was taught the existing curriculum. The motivation scale developed by Pintrich, Smith, Garcia and McKeachie (1991; 1993) and adapted to Turkish by Büyüköztürk, Akgün, Karadeniz, Kılıç and Demirel (2007) was used in the study. The SPSS 17.0 program was used to analyze the sub-problems of the study. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Mann Whitney U-test were used to analyze the data. The analysis of the collected data revealed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group students (favoring the post-test) on the motivation scale. Similarly, a significant difference was found in the motivation scores of the control group students, in favor of the post-test. The analysis of the experimental and control groups’ post-test mean scores on the motivation scale showed that the experimental group students who were taught through the integrated curriculum model had higher motivation post-test scores compared to the control group students.

A Study on the Game Preferences of Children

Sevim GÜVEN — 2026-07-16

This study aimed to reveal the opinions of children about games and their game preferences. The study was conducted in the holistic single-case design, which is one of the case study designs. The study group was determined by the maximum variation sampling method. The study was carried out in March in 2017-2018 school year with the participation of 120 students from 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grades in a primary school providing bussed education. The study data were obtained through document analysis. Frequency analysis, which is one of the content analysis methods, was used to analyze the data. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was concluded that playing games was defined as an entertaining activity. Another conclusion revealed was that playing games created a state of happiness, entertainment, joy, and excitement. The most preferred games in the school were dodgeball, tag, high-low, hide and seek, and volleyball. The most common games preferred at home were buzz fizz, phone games, tablet games, computer games, name& city game, tic-tac-toe, and playing house. The games preferred on the street were hide and seek, football, tag, dodgeball, and blind man’s buff. Balls, toy cars, and dolls were found to be the most preferred toys. When the activities apart from playing games were examined based on the grades, it was observed that the most common activities were reading, watching TV/movies, studying, doing tests, and helping parents.

VIEWS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER CANDIDATES ON USE OF DRAMA IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS: CASE STUDY

Hülya HAMURCU — 2026-07-16

Primary school teacher candidates in Turkey take various courses during their undergraduate education. Drama course is one of them, and this course is given in 3rd Grade for 4 hours a week. In addition, some faculties' programs include drama courses as an optional course. In the undergraduate program in which the researcher works, there is an optional course of “Drama Practices in Education" in the 4th Grade. The purpose of this study, which was conducted as a case study, is to examine views of primary school teacher candidates on drama. The study was carried out in Dokuz Eylül University, Buca Faculty of Education, and Elementary Education Department Primary School Teacher Training Division in the spring term of 2017-2018 academic year in 2 classes where optional drama courses were given. Different views were effective in adding this course to the program as an optional course. One of them is that the course reinforces the achievements of previous year’s course and enables practice. In addition, it has been envisaged that opening this course just before their graduation and the Public Personnel Selection Examination (KPSS) that generally causes anxiety, might be a bit of relief for teacher candidates. The study group consists of 60 teacher candidates. Teacher candidates responded to an open-ended question addressed to them in the last week of the term. These responses were subjected to the content and descriptive analysis. The findings obtained were given both in the format of tables and through one-to-one information transfers. According to the results, teacher candidates emphasized the importance of drama within the learning process and they stated its contributions to student development.

Organizational Gossip Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

Bünyamin HAN, Abidin DAĞLI — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to develop an "Organizational Gossip Scale" for educational organizations based on teachers' views related to organizational gossips in schools. During the research, the scale development phases were followed, first, the literature was reviewed and theoretical information related to effects of gossip in organizations was itemized, and then the items were revised based on the opinions of experts in the field of educational sciences and the teachers. The final 24-item scale form was applied to a study group consisting of 307 teachers working in 25 primary schools in Diyarbakır, Turkey. For validity and reliability analyzes; anti-image correlation matrix, item total correlation, explanatory factor analysis, reliability analysis of internal consistency, correlation between dimensions and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. The values in the findings of the scale are within the acceptable limits and competent according to the accepted criteria in the literature. Taking into account the validity and reliability analysis of the scale, it has been decided that this data collection tool is a valid and reliable scale in assessing the gossips among teachers. As a result, the scale consists of three dimensions (having information, developing relations and organizational harm) and a total of 24 items.

Investigation of Tolerance Trends of Secondary School Students

Yusuf İNEL, Ali GÖKALP — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to examine the tolerance tendencies of secondary school students in terms of various variables. For this purpose, the research has been carried out in accordance with the descriptive survey model of quantitative research types. The study population consists of 252 secondary school students attending Uşak province in 2015-2016 academic year, and the sample of 252 secondary school students in the city center of Banaz district of Uşak province. The "Tolerance Tendency Scale" consisting of 18 items and 3 sub-dimensions (Empathy, Value and Acceptance) developed by Çalışkan and Sağlam (2012) was used as data collection tool. The internal reliability coefficient was calculated as 765. In order to determine the tests to be used in the analysis of the data obtained in the study, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were performed and the skewness value -, 804; the kurtosis value is calculated as 824. It was decided to use parametric statistics to analyze the research data in line with the obtained values. Hence, the data were subjected to percent and frequency from descriptive statistics, t test for independent groups and ANOVA for one-way analysis. As a result of the research, there was no statistically significant difference in the variables of gender, family structure, parents' occupation, mother and father education, family income status, daily internet usage, television viewing and book reading frequency; according to the class level variable, it was found that there is a difference in favour of the 6th grade students. It was also found that there was a low level of significant, and negative relationship between the class levels of the students and the tolerance tendencies.

THE INVESTIGATION OF TEACHER REMARKS ON TEACHING WRITING STRATEGIES

H. Özgür İNNALI, İ. Seçkin AYDIN — 2026-07-16

The role of the teacher has evolved with the sense of modern education where students are at the center of the teaching process. Especially the teachers that are responsible for the teaching of language skills have a crucial role in bringing these skills to students and improving autonomous learning skills of students. At this point, the notion of metacognition comes out. Because students will gain their independence by learning how to learn. According to the research, without metacognitive knowledge, students depend on their teachers to tell them what to do and when to do. The working group of this research, which aims to determine the teacher remarks on teaching cognitive and metacognitive strategies in order to improve writing skills, is constituted by 25 teachers that were selected by the convenience sampling method from several Turkish language teachers that work at the schools of Ministry of National Education. In this context, a semi-structured interview form have been utilized in the research for the teachers participated. The collected data have been analyzed by the content analysis based on the qualitative research. For the data analysis, first, the remarks of the participants have been coded and then these codes have been categorized by gathering in certain clusters of meaning. Upon examiningthe data collected with the research, the participant Turkish language teachers found to have used the Cognitive Strategies (f=88) more than the Metacognitive Strategies (f=56).Also, the teachers in the participant group have been determined to regard themselves as not highly sufficient (f=44) and partially sufficient (f=24) for the strategy use. In this regard, Turkish language teachers have been detected to use mostly Summarizing (f=16); Note taking (f=15) and Free composition (f=8)as cognitive strategies and Self-assessment (f=15); Goal setting (f=9); Peer assessment (f=7) and Self-monitoring (f=7) as metacognitive strategies for improving their writing skills

BILINGUAL STUDENTS’ SELF EFFICACY OF LISTENING IN TURKISH COURSE: A SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY

Cenan İŞCİ, Nevin AKKAYA — 2026-07-16

In this study, it is aimed to construct a scale measuring bilingual middle school students’ self efficacy about their listening skill in Turkish course. In order to perform a valid and reliable scale development procedure, all steps suggested in the literature were followed carefully. In scale construction studies, performing a series of pilot implementation is crucial in order to develop a scale with high validity and reliability. In this study, two pilot implementations were performed and data obtained from these pilot studies were used to improve the scale. The sample of the study is a group of bilingual middle school students studying in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 education years. Participants were selected and included in the study through purposive sampling with respect to voluntariness. In the first pilot implementation, the sample included 178 bilingual seventh grade students; in the second pilot implementation, the sample included 169 bilingual seventh graders, and respectively total sample size was 347. In both pilot implementations, validity and reliability analyses were performed with obtained data. In this context, the items were examined by using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was done with respect to obtained results. As a result of this study, Bilingual Students’ Self Efficacy of Listening Skills in Turkish Course Scale (BSSELS) with 2 dimensions and 10 items were constructed. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) statistic is .891 and significance statistic (p) of Bartlett’s Sphericity test is .000 for BSSELS. Chronbach alpha reliability coefficient is .905 for BSSELS.

The Scientific Tendencies of the Dissertations on Emotional Abuse in Turkey (1993–2017)

Mehmet KANAK, Merve ÇELİK — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to make an overall examination of the master and doctorate dissertations on emotional abuse between the years 1993 and 2017 in Turkey and thus reveal main trends on various topics related to emotional abuse. To this end, the dissertations were examined in terms of the years when they were written, the universities where they were written, their research topic, research models that were utilized, their study groups, size of their study groups, data collection tools and data analysis methods that were used. Content analysis and document analysis techniques were used in the study. In postgraduate and doctorate theses prepared in the field of emotional abuse, the effect of emotional abuse on the self-perception and anxiety, examination of the issue in terms of parents and teachers and the effects of emotional abuse on adolescent behaviors were searched. In addition, the concepts and types of abuse and neglect were explained, and what can be done to prevent abuse was discussed in the related dissertations. The study groups of the theses consisted of teachers, students and parents. Researchers conducted their studies on different sizes of sample and study groups. Theses and article writers benefited from scale, questionnaire, achievement test, interview form, inventory and face to face interviews. ANOVA, T-test, Nonparametric Tests, Correlation Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, Post Hoc Tests, etc. were used as data analysis techniques. In addition, from the postgraduate and doctorate theses, it can be seen that descriptive analysis and predictive analysis were used in these studies. According to the results of the research, it was seen that the individuals who were exposed to emotional abuse were more anxious and concerned about the external locus of control and needed psychological help. Moreover, it has been determined that the awareness that perceived behaviours are abuse has not yet settled and causes negative effects on the personality development of the individuals.

THE MAP KNOWLEDGE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATED TO THE CONCEPTS OF CONTINENTS, OCEANS AND COUNTRIES AND THEIR COGNITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARDS COUNTRIES

Ufuk KARAKUŞ, Feyza AŞÇI — 2026-07-16

The major objective of this study is the determination of the of secondary school students’ mapping skills of continents, oceans and countries and their cognitive attitudes towards countries. The study is a qualitative study adapting case design. The major purpose of the case study is detailed analysis of present case and explain it as it is. The study was carried out in Ankara in 2017-2018 academic year. The working group was selected by the use of purposeful sampling method. The schools where the study was carried out were selected in Mamak and Cankaya regions where there are marked differences in socio economic and cultural values and life styles. But 51 of the participants from the 8th year students in the control group was randomly selected in order to obviate biasing. The collection tool used was two category scale prepared the researchers. The data obtained were evaluated by the content analysis. The results obtained from the content analysis were utilized to define the concepts and generalizations to explain them. The results showed that the students studying in Mamak and Çankaya region where there were marked differences in socio economic and cultural values and life styles, have marked deficiencies of the map knowledge of contınents, oceans and countries and the students coming from the both region also lacks in map reading skills. It is clear that the education related to these issues has not achieved the targets. When the answers given to the question of “why” are compared it is seen that the differences in socio economic and cultural values and life styles have a profound effect on the cognitive attitudes of the students. It appears that that the students regards the western counties hostile and the eastern countries which Turkey has not had any historical or current problems are friend of the country. The neighbors of the country are regarded neither friends nor hostile to Turkey

INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF ADAPTING SANTRANC-I UREFA AS AN EDUCATIONAL GAME ON TEACHING VOCABULARY TO 6th GRADE STUDENTS AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS TURKISH LESSON (SAMPLE OF SIIRT PROVINCE)

Seyithan KARA, Erhan AKIN — 2026-07-16

In this study, the effect of the adaption of Satranc-ı Urefa as an educational game on the vocabulary teaching to the 6th grade students and their attitudes towards Turkish lesson was examined. The participants of the study consisted of a total of 48 students studying at two separate classes of Sehit Ogretmen Ismail Celik Secondary School during spring term of 2017-2018 academic year, which is affiliated to MoNE in the city center of Siirt province. The quantitative dimension of the study was designed according to the random pattern with pre-test and post-test control group, which is one of the true experimental models. There was an experimental and control group which was determined randomly. The experimental group (n=24) was taught vocabulary in accordance with the educational game applications while the educational process in the control group (n=24) was carried out within the scope of the traditional teaching. In both groups, all procedures were performed by the researcher. “Personal Information Form”, for the measurement of the participants’ vocabulary level, “Scale of Vocabulary Knowledge”, developed by Wesche and Paribakht (1996) and adapted to Turkish by Ates and Sis (2016) through carrying out its reliability and validity, “Turkish Lesson Attitude Scale” developed by Unal and Kose (2014) were used as quantitative data collection tools in the research. For data analysis SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 22.0 program; used. In the study, it was concluded that educational game method was more effective than the traditional instruction at the point of increasing 6th grade students’ achievement and the permanence of the learned information, and positively changing their attitudes towards Turkish lesson. In line with the results obtained in the research, recommendations were made for the application process and the researchers who would carry out the related studies.

Syrian Students in the Forceps of Acculturation Stress

Kasım KARATAŞ, Mustafa BALOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Acculturation is a process of social and psychological transformation that occurs due to interactions between individuals with different cultural characteristics. In this process, problems related to the psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of immigrants lead to acculturation stress. If individuals are not able to cope with acculturation stress, it is a strong possibility that psychological and sociological problems will arise at the individual and societal levels. The negative effects of acculturation stress must be reduced to manageable level so that a healthy acculturation and social integration may become possible. Various strategies at the individual and societal levels are to be employed to achieve the goal. However, acculturation stress is not something that immigrant students can come through alone. The current paper is a theoretical study which draws attention to the fact that higher acculturation stress among Syrian students living in Turkey and describes the related factors that acculturation stress associated with. The traumatic experiences of Syrian students before and during the migration process, which pushed Syrian students to migrate to our country, and their experience of adapting to the new cultural environment after migration have increased the possibility of experiencing acculturation stress among this group. The point is made in the paper that starting from teachers and school administration, all stakeholders should provide support for Syrian students in their acculturation journey and strive to reduce the negative implications of acculturation stress. Moreover, in order to ensure that Syrian students psychologically and socio-culturally adapt to new cultural context and that social peace is assured, the members of the hosting culture are expected to be able to understand and appreciate the cultural values of immigrant culture as well as be open to communication.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TURKISH LESSON CURRICULUMS (2006, 2015, 2018)

Betül KERAY DİNÇEL, Hilmi SAVUR — 2026-07-16

The reflections of technology in our rapidly developing and changing era affect education and accordingly curriculums. To catch up with this development and to meet the emerging needs, curriculums need to be renewed. Technology, as in all the other lessons, leads to changes in the Turkish lesson. The Turkish lesson curriculum guides the teacher along the instructional process. In the literature, there is research investigating and comparing Turkish lesson curriculums in many respects. However, there is no research discretely focusing on instructional technologies in relation to teaching Turkish. In this respect, the current study aimed to investigate the 2006, 2015 and 2018 Turkish lesson curriculums in terms of instructional technologies. As the 2017 Turkish lesson curriculum was updated with small changes within a year, it was not investigated in the current study; instead, the 2018 curriculum was preferred. In the analysis of the Turkish lesson curriculums, the document analysis method; one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The documents used in the current study are first hand resources. During the content analysis process, statements about instructional technologies in the curriculums were determined by two experts separately and then when they were compared later, they were found to be completely same. As a result of the grouping of codings, the following headings emerged: Competences, general objectives and basic principles of the Turkish National Education, learning-teaching approach, basic approaches, learning areas, themes, texts, learning outcomes, activities, measurement and evaluation. These headings were attempted to be explained in detail with the examples given from the curriculums. When the curriculums were compared, it was determined that more place was gradually allocated to instructional technologies over time in the 2006, 2015 and 2018 Turkish lesson curriculums.

Virtual Tour Application in Social Studies

Nusret KOCA, İskender DAŞDEMİR — 2026-07-16

Changing and evolving information technology has become the indispensable material of today's education field. At the beginning of the computer-based information technologies that will be used in the social studies courses within the education process, the virtual tour technology which attracts the students' attention comes to the students. Designing, implementing and evaluating virtual tour applications in a way to serve the objectives of social studies course will increase both the effectiveness of the technology used and the achievement of the course gains in a more effective way for the student. Virtual tour technology, which provides students with a more effective, lasting, enjoyable and colorful presentation of social studies course subjects, makes the learning teaching process more efficient with student centered activities. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of virtual tour applications in social studies teaching. In order to evaluate the effect of virtual tour applications in the study, in the field of cultural and heritage learning in the 7th grade social studies lesson, the travel unit in Turkish history is discussed. The experimental method was used to reach the goal. In the research, the academic achievement scale was applied to the experimental and control groups as a pre-test and post-test, in order to measure the academic success of the students on virtual tour applications. The academic achievement scale consisted of 20 multiple choice questions selected from the Ministry of National Education's achievement tests in order to be eligible for social studies. The collected data were converted to statistical data in SPSS 21 program.

The opinions of EFL pre-service teachers on teaching Turkish as a foreign language

Berker KURT, Bekir DİREKCİ , Mustafa CANER — 2026-07-16

The issue of being a gloabal language is no more under one specific language but other languages also find their places as commonly spoken languages all around the world. Thus, Turkish has also influenced by such initiatives and become one of those widely spoken languages recently. Consequently, the tendency to speak and lean Turkish lead establishment of instutituons that teach Turkish as a foreign language. In a similar vein, academicians and researchers focused on the issue of teaching Turkish as a foreign language and reported their findings through various publications. However, review of available literature revealed that the participants of most of those studies were the ones who specialized in teaching Turkish as the mothertoungue. Therefore, the present study intends to shed light onto the same issue from the point of different participants who got their education on teaching foreign language teaching, namely, English as a foreign language (EFL). The participants of the study are 70 EFL pre-service teachers, who are selected on a volunteer basis due to their availability with reference to purposefull sampling technique. The data of the study were gathered through structured written interview forms and analysed through thematic analysis. The findings of the study revelaed that participants highly believe that teachers who teach Turkish as a foreign language should have good command on grammar, phonetics and semantic on the Turkish besides the methodology knowledge on how to teach Turkish as a foreign language. Additionally, it is found that participants believe that having awareness on the teaching and learning a foreign language, getting education in teaching a foreign language as well as experiencing it in their education might provide them advantages in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Concerning the fact that teaching Turkish as a foreign language is a specified field of expertise, several suggestions for further studies as well as for the practitioners were provided in the study.

USE OF ADVERTISEMENTS IN TURKISH TEACHING AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT DIFFERENT SKILLS AND LEVELS

Hasan Hüseyin MUTLU, Üzeyir SÜĞÜMLÜ — 2026-07-16

The aim of the research is to examine the advertisement films and to reveal the benefits in Turkish teaching as a foreign language. The research was carried out by using document analysis method in descriptive survey model. The sample of the research consists of 6 short advertising films which are published on national channels and available on video sites on the internet. The sampling method was used to determine the sample group. The data obtained from the analysis results are separated according to the level groups which The Common European Framework for Languages and shown by tables. According to the results of the study; advertisement films can be used in the turkish teaching as a foreign language to teach vocabulary, grammar, announcement and instruction achievements, dialect, in the teaching of cultural elements with rich content as an audiovisual material.

A Study on Turkish Language Course Which is Held in Universities in Bologna Process

Engin ÖMEROĞLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of the Turkish language course which is taught in all the departments of the universities, if there are some problems about the course, to investigate them, and then to analyse the obtained data and discuss, the light of it to come to a conclusion. Turkish lessons be taught in all parts of universities, in The Bologna Process? Can Turkish lessons be taught via distance education via internet? What is the level of productivity of Turkish Language lessons taught? Should current Turkish language course contents be updated? This is a mixed method study. The developed questionnaire was applied to students and the data was collected. In addition, during the interviews with the academicians, interviews minutes were kept. The data from both sources have been analysed, detected, discussed and concluded in a holistic approach. The study group consisted of a total of 1123 students who took Turkish language course through formal and distance education method and 32 academicians who participated in the research. According to the results obtained in the research, Turkish language lesson given in all the departments of the universities should be continued to be taught. This lesson is not considered appropriate to be given via internet with using distance education technique. Most of the students who took the Turkish Language course stated that the course is useful for them. The exam Turkish language course content should be revised and reorganized using constructivist education method. Turkish Language course was born of a need and it was taught by some universities before it was enacted in 1981. This need has increased today. Therefore, Turkish Language course should be given face to face in a formal education environment with a new understanding and content, not with online education model. Because no matter what their jobs are, it is not possible for the individuals who do not develop their linguistic skills to be successful in business or academic life.

THE EFFECT of COMPUTER SIMULATIONS on THE EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES of STUDENTS PERFORMING DC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Fatih ÖNDER, Zafer TANEL — 2026-07-16

This study aimed to examine the effect of computer simulations on the experimental procedure students used in their DC circuit analysis experiments. The participants in the research were 24 pre-service teachers enrolled in a state university Department of Physics Education. The research recruited a study group and a control group; data were collected with an "Experimental Procedure Observation Rubric" developed by the researchers. The rubric consists of eight sub dimensions named as “Setting up the experiment”, “Suitability of the experiment setup”, “Connecting the power source”, “Connecting the measurement instruments”, “Using the measurement instruments”, “Performing the experiment”, “Data collection and interpretation”, “Completing the experiment in the time allotted”. Rubrics were scored by two different researchers during the experiment. The consistency between the scores was then examined by the Cohen’s Kappa test. The Kappa test result showed a statistically significant and high level of compliance between the scores of the readers. The results of the analysis of the data obtained determined that when experiments were supported with simulations, this had a positive effect on the experimental procedure. The analysis of the scores obtained in the sub-scales of the data collection instrument showed that there was a significant difference in favor of the study group in the scores recorded in the domains of "Setting up the experiment," "Suitability of the experiment setup," "Connecting the measurement instruments," "Data collection and interpretation," and "Completing the experiment in the time allotted." There was no significant difference between the other dimensions of rubric.

DEVELOPMENT OF PIANO PERFORMANCE RANKING KEY

Uğur ÖZALP, Esra DALKIRAN — 2026-07-16

The assessment of musical performance has attracted attention with some researches in recent years. Although musical performance isn’t naturally a competitive activity, it is accepted in every part of the society as if there is a the competitive display in music. Displayed performances like examinations and competitions in music departments of conservatories, education faculties and fine arts faculties have a great role in piano education in many parts of the world. The objective assessment of these performances is very imprtant for the reliability of the assessment. The purpose of this research is to develop an assessment tool which is proved reliable to validate the assessment of piano performance. General scan model was used in this descriptive research. The study group of this research was formed of piano teachers and 60 students who take piano education in the Akdeniz University Fine Arts Faculty music department in the education years 2017-2018. In the content of this research, articles have been prepared by scanning piano teaching schedule and related sources and piano performance ranking key has been formed as 8 dimension by consulting expert opinions. Cronbach’s Alpha interior consistency test has been performed to determine the reliability of the developed piano performance ranking key and the correlation of total points has been calculated to determine the consistency of the judges. Test after test method has been utilized to determine if the piano performance ranking key can make time dependant decisive assessments, t test has been utilized to determine if it can make sensitive assessments. The validity range of the assessment tool has been assured with the expert opinion. Article analysis was performed to determine the validity of the developed assessment tool. With the results of the obtained data, it can be said that the tool that was prepared to assess the piano performance is quite valid and reliable.

The Investigation of Eighth Grade Students’ Mathematical Competencies Through Golden Ratio Problems

Özlem ÖZÇAKIR SÜMEN — 2026-07-16

The golden ratio is that in mathematics, the proportion of a small piece to a large piece is equal to the ratio of a large piece to all the right when it is divided by two points from any point. This point gives a numerical rate, which is the most appropriate point in terms of harmony observed among the parts of a whole. This study was conducted to examine the levels of eighth grade students’ abilities to solve the golden ratio problems and their mathematical competences about geometric shapes and root numbers through golden ratio problems. Case study from qualitative research methods was used in the study. According to the mathematics education program, root numbers are taught to students in the eighth grade. Since the golden ratio problems included root numbers in mathematics, the research was conducted at the eighth grade level. The participants of the study are all of the eighth grade students (f = 42) training in a state school. Within the scope of the study, “golden ratio worksheets” consisting of open-ended golden ratio problems were applied to eighth grade students. The worksheets were analyzed according to the rubric developed in the study and the data obtained from the worksheets was analyzed descriptively. The level of students' abilities to solve the golden ratio problems was determined descriptively according to the total scores of students’ worksheets. In addition, the students' answers to the problems were analyzed and their mathematical competences about the subjects of geometric shapes and root numbers were determined. As a result of the research, it was seen that the students' ability to solve golden ratio problems is at a low level. In addition, it was determined that students were generally sufficient about geometric shapes but they had shortcomings in terms of root numbers.

A Comparison of Self-Esteem of the Students Studying at Fine Arts and Others “The Case of Gazi University Faculty of Education”

Dilek ÖZÇELİK HERDEM — 2026-07-16

Self-esteem is positive self-evaluation and self-identication as talented and valued. Skills and values are two sub-factors of self-esteem. Self esteem is affected by external factors and the social environment. High degree self-esteem of university students is of great significane for the existence of generation with high production capacity and to the desired output. In this respect, the objective of the current study is to evaluate the self-esteem of the students of the Faculty of Education and to make an interdepartmental comparison. The survey sample is 604 students. Research data were gathered through Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and analyzed by means of SPSS and AMOS package programs. Confirmatory factor analysis was also employed for the scale. While employing descriptive statistics in the research, independent sample t-test and analysis of variance are other tools to test the hypotheses. As a result of the research, it is contended that the level of self-esteem is above average, self-esteem does not differ with department, gender and academic achievement, but does with the status of the instrument playing. Towards this end, it is highyl recommended that the training process be developed on trust, creativity and collaboration.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESPONSIBILITY AND THE SOCIAL SKILLS OF 5 YEARS OLD CHILDREN

Burcu ÖZDEMİR BECEREN, Fatma Özge ÜNSAL , Hilal İlknur TUNÇELİ — 2026-07-16

The study aims to investigate the relationship between social skills of 5-year-old children and their level of responsibility gain. Descriptive method and survey model are employed in the study. 50 randomly selected children enrolled in pre-school institutions in Çanakkale during the 2016-2017 academic year participated in the study. Social Skills Rating System developed by Gresham and Elliott (1990) and validity and reliability measures conducted by Elibol Gültekin (2008) and the survey assessing the responsibility level of 5-6-year-old pre-school children developed by Şahan (2011) were employed as data collection instruments. The collected data was analyzed by statistical methods in line with the purpose of the study. As a result of the study, there was a positive and significant relationship between Responsibility Scale and Social Skills Scale scores. It was found that there was a negative and moderate relationship between the Problem Behaviors subscale scores. In addition between the Social Responsibility Scale score and cooperation and self-control sub-dimensions were found positive moderately significant relationship. Also it was found that there was positive high and significant relationship between the assertiveness sub-dimension. It was found that there was a moderate and significant relationship between the Problem Behaviors subscale external and internal problems sub-dimensions and Responsibility Scale scores. Consequently, it can be said that children’s level of prosocial behaviors related directly proportional the level of responsibility.

Pre-service Teachers’ Perceived Efficacy Beliefs towards the 21st Century Skills: The Case of Kütahya

2026-07-16

The current study aimed to determine whether the pre-service teachers’ perceived efficacy beliefs towards the 21st Century skills vary significantly depending on the variables of gender, department, grade level, academic achievement and family income. The participants of the current study employing the survey model are 1086 students attending the Social Studies, Primary School, Turkish, Primary School Science and Pre-school Teacher Education Departments in the Education Faculty of Dumlupınar University in the spring term of 2016-2017 academic year. The data were collected by using “21st Century Skills and Competences Scale Directed at Teaching Candidates” developed by Anagün, Atalay, Kılıç and Yaşar (2006). In the analysis of the data, frequencies, percentages and arithmetic means were calculated and for the between-groups comparisons, the independent samples t-test and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) were used. At the end of the study, it was found that the pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy perceptions of the 21st century skills are high. Only in the sub-dimension of learning and career skills, significant differences were found in favor of the female students in terms of gender variable, in favor of the second year students when compared to the third-year students and in favor of the students whose academic achievement is higher. Moreover, in general the students of the department of pre-school teacher education were found to have higher scores and the students whose family incomes are relatively higher were found to have significantly higher total scores for the self-efficacy perception of the 21st century skills and to have significantly higher scores for the sub-dimensions of learning and career skills and information, media and technology skills.

Students 'Foundations Student, Teacher, School Manager and Training Auditors Related to Natural Historical School Museum

Dilek ÖZGÜL, Melike CÖMERT — 2026-07-16

School museums are the most effective places to announce the training choir. The importence of museum in education is emphasized by many theoreticians by the way of being active in education, gain experience, environment, interaction with the concept of the plan out, because the museum is where the reality can be put in front of the children in the most sheltered way, by living with them, and offering an ideal environment that can contribute to the mental, physical, affective, cognitive and social development. It also provides an environment in which creativity, imagination and aesthetic feelings can develop. The rate of museums being visited to in Europe is more than the interest of our country’s museums. The fact that museums are considered as a cultural value and that it is important to consider the enlightenment as cobblestones. Therefore, a social and cultural habit of almost every age person is indispensable for education. The subject of this study, the school museums are considered to be a small atlas and it is thought that it will contribute to increase the sensitivity of the children by creating an awareness of the biological diversity of our country which is richer than the European continent. This study includes a structure established by a group of primary school students living in Bingöl Province who think about the nature they were born into in nature, who never thought about the nature they were born in, and their own children in their schools for their peers and other students. This study, which is still the first and only museum of the Bingöl Province, which is implemented by a group of primary school students and with the support of a group of teachers through the okul Natural History Museums farklı which is so few in our country, has a different perspective on the concept of museology in our country. and it is foreseen that there will be an example to add courage.

GLOBAL PROBLEMS AND TEACHING IN SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION ACCORDING TO THE OPINIONS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Tevfik PALAZ, Bülent AKBABA — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study was to determine how secondary school students perceived global problems and to demonstrate how these global problems were handled in social studies classes, the problems that were encountered in the teaching process of global problems and the things to be done to develop the teaching of global issues. The participants of the study included 7th class students, who conduct scientific studies in social studies. The participants of this study were selected through maximum variation sampling and convenient sampling methods under purposeful sampling. Therefore, a total of 30 secondary school students participated in the present study. The data of the study were gathered through semi-structured interview forms that were developed by the researcher in line with both the related literature and expert opinions. The data of the study was gathered by a face to face approach. The data of the study were analysed through descriptive and content analysis. Some of the results of the present study were as follows: (1) According to students, the most important thing to raise students who are sensitive to global problems was to use visualizations in the classroom during teaching. Arranging school excursions, raising the awareness of students towards global issues, encouraging group work, using drama in the classroom, making the lesson entertaining, building cause-effect relationship during teaching, fostering student responsibility for learning and meeting with experts were other practices to be done in this matter. (2) According to students, campaigns, seminars and excursions should be arranged, posters should be printed, collaboration between school and non-governmental organizations were built and such activities as tree planting or garbage collecting were arranged in schools in order to contribute to the resolving of global problems. Results of the study were discussed in line with the related literature and some suggestions were presented.

ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMOR STYLES AND COPING STYLES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Ergün RECEPOĞLU, Serpil RECEPOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between humor styles and coping styles of high school students. In this context, whether humor styles of high school students predict their coping styles with stress or not were analyzed. This is a descriptive research in the relational survey model. The predicted variables of the study are students’ coping styles with stress (self-confident, optimistic, helpless, submissive and seeking of social support coping styles) and predictor variables are the humor styles of the students (self-enhancing, affiliative, aggressive and self-defeating humor styles).The study group is students in different high schools of Kastamonu province in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 Education year. As a data collection instrument “Humor Styles Questionnaire’” and “Scale of Coping with Stress” were used. Data analysis was carried out mainly in two stages. In the first stage, the data transmitted to a computer was analyzed in terms of missing or incorrect value, inconsistent and multivariate value. In the second stage of the study, the sub problems were analyzed. In order to analyze the sub problems of the study, primarily by calculating arithmetic mean of the items in each sub-scale, a score for that factor was calculated. Analyses were made on the factor scores. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to analyze the data. According to research findings, significant correlation coefficients were found between humor styles and coping styles of high school students.

Teachers’ View on the Subject of Grammar Education According to Constructivism Aproach

Berna SALMAN, İ. Seçkin AYDIN — 2026-07-16

With the amendment of the Ministry of Education in 2005, the curricula implemented in our country have been prepared and put into practice based on constructivist approach. The aim of the study is to evaluate the utilization situations of existing Turkish teaching programs according to constructivist approach based on teacher's views. The participant group of the study constitutes 100 numbers of teachers in the age group of between 22-65 to whom are working in secondary schools attached to the Ministry of Education in the province of Bursa. Qualitative research is the method of research. Depending on this method, the design of the study is constituted by "state determination". "Semi-structured interview form" was used as data collection tool. "Content analysis" technique was used to analyze the obtained data. Teacher opinions forming each sub-problem cul- ture were first solved by "categorization" operation with "coding" technique. Each of the six questions was separated thematically in-house, then categorized and categorized. In addition, quantitative findings were determined by giving frequency values for the first two sub-problem cues. According to the obtained results, it was determined that only 50% of the teachers performed language teaching according to constructivist understanding. When teachers were teaching Turkish grammer according to constructivist approach, they pointed out that the intensity of the curriculum makes it difficult to apply the approach efficiently because of the excessiveness of the classroom, the inadequacy of the classroom, the absence of the textbooks, the inadequacy of lecture books. In addition, research has also revealed the opinions of teachers on the benefits of the constructivist approach. Teachers stated that the constructivist approach to teaching grammer is more permanent, that it affects the interests and desires of the students positively and is effective in giving language awareness. Teachers have made suggestions such as reducing the intensity of the programme in order to make the programme more effective and efficient, adapting the approach of the central examination, reducing the class presence, and taking the viewpoints of teachers in the programme development process.

A Case Study on the Needs of Turkish Education in France

Hülya SÖNMEZ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to determine the needs of the Turkish students and Turkish teachers in France regarding the Turkish education and training process according to the teachers' views. In this context, a semi-structured open-ended interview was conducted with Turkish teachers who were appointed by MEB in France. By means of the semi-structured open-ended questionnaire, it is aimed that the teachers express their feelings and thoughts about the Turkish education process as well as they want. In this context, the model of the researcher is designed in accordance with a case study from qualitative research designs. In accordance with the principle of voluntarism, Turkish language teachers were interviewed and some difficulties and needs related to the Turkish education and training process were determined in France. The needs that were determined based on the results were examined in four main categories. These are, the findings related to students' needs, the findings related to teachers' needs, the findings related to the needs of teaching-learning materials, and the findings related to other needs. These findings in detail in related sections. At the end of the research, necessary suggestions were made to eliminate the identified need situations.

The Evaluatıon Of The Views Of The Teachers About The Terms Acquisition, Teaching Process And Assessment Of The 10th Grade Geography Currıculum

Erol SÖZEN — 2026-07-16

The main purpose of education is a preparation of the whole life. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the new 10th grade geography curriculum in effect since 2005 according to the the views of geography teachers. While preparing curriculum, it is important to determine them according to the general and the special needs of the country. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the 10th grade geography curriculum about in terms acquisition, teaching process and assessment-evaluation in effect since 2005 according to the the views of geography teachers. This is a descriptive study. Therefore, a data collection tool which includes 16 questions was developed in order to evaluate the geography curriculum according to the teachers and by applying the expert views. The data collection tool was applied after realibility and validity measurements. In this study, the pilot study data was applied to a geography teachers group which consists of 113 teachers for the measurments of its realibility and validity. In the research conducted, the teachers’views for the 10th grade geography curriculum have been realized on the level of “agree” in terms acquisition, teaching process and assessment-evaluation. In the analysing of the sub problems of the research, the values of frequency, percentage and mean have been used; t-test and one–way analysis of variance(one way anova) have been done. It is searched whether the options of the teachers who participate in the research about the 10th grade geography curriculum differs according to the gender, school type and seniority. In the research conducted, the teachers’views for the 10th grade geography curriculum have been realized on the level of “agree” in terms acquisition, teaching process and assessment-evaluation. When it is analysed whether the views of the teachers for the 10th grade curriculum, the views for acqusition, assessment-evaluation hasn’t showed a meaningful difference. The views for method has showed a meaningful difference. When it is analysed whether the teachers’ views differs according to the variable of school type, the views for the acqusition and the assessment-evaluation has showed a meaningful difference. When it is analysed whether the views differs according to the variable of seniority; the views for method, assessment, has showed a meaningful difference. The views for the dimension of acqusition hasn’t showed a meaningful difference.

An Exanimation of Personal Point of View Applications Used for Education of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Pınar ŞAFAK, Mehmet YAVUZ — 2026-07-16

In this study, we examined the studies performed point of view method used in the education of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (OSB). The research covers the studies published in English between 2002 and 2014. An electronic survey was conducted for the research in ProQuest, EBSCO, Academic Search Complete and ERIC databases. Keywords “point of view” “autism spectrum disorders with video modeling” “autism”, “video modeling” and “video modeling interventions” were searched by writing to their databases. within the scope of the research have been reached 18 researches. Researches have been analyzed descriptively and graphically. As a result of the analysis, it has been observed that point of view video shooting method is effective.

EVALUATION OF THE SEMINAR PROGRAMS CONDUCTED FOR TEACHERS AT SCHOOLS

Önder ŞANLI — 2026-07-16

In this study, the seminar programs conducted for teachers twice a year, one at the beginning of a school year and the other at the end of it, are investigated based on teachers’ views about these programs. The interviewed group consisted of 10 primary school teachers, 10 middle school teachers, and 10 high school teachers, all of whom were selected via convenience sampling method. The study was done in Malatya during the spring term of 2015-2016 school year. The aim of this study is to analyze whether the above mentioned seminar programs are held in accordance with their objectives, and to make some recommendations on how to train teachers who are the key factor to improve the quality of education. As a result, it has been found that the seminar programs are not organized consistently with their objectives. It has also been revealed that these programs do not contribute much to the teachers’ professional development, as they are held just in order to implement some procedures. It has been discovered that school principals do not pay enough attention to these seminars, and that there is a lack of supervision. It has been concluded that the training courses are boring since the issues are not updated. The fact that each of the two seminars, one of which is held at the beginning of a school year and the other one at the end of it, contains similar contents has led teachers to think that these seminars are unnecessary. It is recommended that the seminar organized at the beginning of a school year should consist of only those subjects related to preparation for the year, and teaching methods, whereas the other one held at the end of a school year should be like an overall evaluation of the school year. Besides teachers stated that it would be more efficient if those seminars were school-specific, as every school had different problems.

Perceptions of Character and Values Education

Selçuk ŞİMŞEK — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to determine metaphor perceptions of the "Character and Values Teaching Course" of teacher candidates who received pedagogical formation training. Qualitative research design was used in the research. The research group constitutes 52 teacher candidates who received pedagogical training in Denizli in the academic year of 2017-2018 and selected the "Character and Values Teaching Course". The research data is like the "Character and Values education" course of the participants. Because ........ "they were obtained by completing the census. Content analysis used. According to the research findings obtained, prospective teachers produced 50 metaphors about the Character and Values education course. It has been seen that most of the teacher candidates use "metaphor of life studies", "pen". Taking into account the common characteristics of metaphors, the metaphores produced by the prospective teachers were collected in 10 categories.

Acceptance and Rejection Expressions in Turkish Textbooks

Şahin ŞİMŞEK, Kadir COŞKUN — 2026-07-16

Expressions of acceptance and rejection are frequently used in daily life. There are no previous studies on how these statements are used in textbooks. It can be said that the use of expressions in daily life is more common than rejection. In this study, firstly interviews were made with the experts in the field of Turkish language, and dictionaries were scanned and accepted and rejected. Then the statements were searched in Turkish textbooks. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of expressions of acceptance and rejection are used in Turkish textbooks. In this study, textbooks of Turkish lesson used at 5, 6, 7, 8th grade classes in 2018-2019 academic year were examined and descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data. The collected data were classified according to the purpose of the study. As a result of the study, it was seen that the expressions of acceptance in the textbooks are more than the expressions of rejection. Saying no is one of the necessities of being human. As a most easily accessible material in the educational environment, course books have a very important role in the process of teaching say no to children which is one of the important goals of families and educators. The Turkish lesson is more usable for children to teach them defend their own rights and to gain the ability to oppose situations they do not want. For this reason, when selecting the reading texts for Turkish course books, attention should be paid to the selection of texts that telling the right of the person to say no, which are necessary in some cases.

An Investigation the Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Turkish Language and Literature Pre-Service Teachers

Sanem TABAK — 2026-07-16

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the pedagogical content knowledge of Turkish Language and Literature pre-service teachers in accordance with the curricular knowledge, content knowledge and knowledge of students and their characteristics, knowledge of educational strategies. The study was designed with case study. The study group of this research is consisted of 10 Turkish Language and Literature pre-service teachers. The data of the study were collected using observation, interview document review. The content and document analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the obtained data from this study. As a result of this study, it was seen that the pedagogical content knowledge of Turkish Language and Literature pre-service teachers was not adequate. In additon to this, pre-service teachers’ content knowledge was adequate. In this study, it was concluded that curricular knowledge, knowledge of students and their characteristics, knowledge of educational strategies of pre-service teachers was not adequate.

STUDENT APPRAISAL FOR SCHOOL COUNSELORS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS: GOALS, ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, SIGNIFICANT ISSUES AND FACTORS FOR PRACTICE

İbrahim TANRIKULU — 2026-07-16

This present study is a review of the up-to-date knowledge on student appraisal for children in elementary school level. Besides the current national and international literature, printed books were reviewed. This study contributes to the existing literature by addressing (a) goals of the student appraisal, (b) standardized and non-standardized tests, (c) issues to be considered while assessing student development and (d) the main factors to be considered while interpreting the findings. According to the results of this present study, student appraisal is the least frequent activity of the Turkish school counselors in elementary schools. Student appraisal can be used for various purposes, and the Turkish literature is quite rich regarding the standardized and non-standardized tests validated for the Turkish elementary school children. There are a variety of standardized assessment tools aiming to assess the elementary school child. Gender, age, receiving early childhood education, socio-economic status of the parents and the parental education levels are significant factors to be addressed for appraisal in elementary school children. Considering the current interest on student appraisal in Turkey, this study contributes not only to the existing knowledge on student appraisal in elementary school level, but also to the knowledge and the practice skills of the school counselors.

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE PERCEPTION LEVELS OF THE MIDDLE SCHOOL MUSIC TEACHERS IN CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH

Muhammed Ömer TOKATLI, A. Aylin CAN — 2026-07-16

The aim of the present study was to determine the perception levels of the secondary school music teachers in relation to the constructivist approach. The participants were randomly selected 80 music teachers who teach in 3 districts of Istanbul (Kadıköy, Ümraniye, Maltepe) during 2016-2017 academic year. The "Teacher Proficiency Scale Related to Constructivist Learning" developed by Karadağ (2007) and the "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researcher were applied in order to determine the perception levels of the teachers participating in the research. While evaluating the general status of the secondary school music teachers through variables such as instructional planning, instructional process and testing and assessment, questions were asked regarding the teachers’ gender, branch, education level, type of graduation, formation and the institution they work in. As a result of the findings obtained from the research, it was found that the perception of secondary school music teachers about constructivist approach was significantly higher. When the variables of gender, type of institution, education level, branch, graduation type and formation status of the research were examined, it was seen that there was a significant difference in the variables of gender and education level, and there was no significant difference in the type of institution, branch, graduation and formation. In order to enable effective assessment and instructional planning, the improvement of the instructional process and the need for further studies with different working groups and different measurement tools for making generalizations due to the lack of sufficient number of research in the field were pointed out in the presnt study.

THE REASONS FOR UNIVERSITY CHOICE OF FACULTY OF EDUCATION MUSIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT STUDENTS (SAMPLE OF AEGEAN REGION)

Onur TOPOĞLU, Evin Erden TOPOĞLU — 2026-07-16

At the present time, as the new universities being established day after day, the numbers of universities are increasing gradually. University choice of university student candidates, which becomes more of an issue in their professional life, is getting more important as the number of universities increases. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the reasons for university choice of faculty of education music education department students who are placed to the universities at the fall semester of 2018-2019 academic year as first graders. The study is a descriptive study. The study group consists of 114 first graders, getting education from the Faculty of Education Music Departments, which are located in Aydın, Denizli, İzmir and Muğla. A questionnaire form, which was developed by the researchers, was used in the study. The questionnaire form consists of semi-structured and structured questions. The results of the study have shown that more than a half of the participants had taken a talent examination of another university’s music department and half of the participants that had taken more than one talent examinations had passed more than one talent examination that they had attended. The participants who took more than one talent examination mostly preferred Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Education Music Department. Participants preferred their universities because of the education quality of the department, because of their hometown and because the only department that they could achieve the talent examination was the department that they were placed. While most of the participants do not want to get education from another music department, almost all of the participants think that the department that they have placed, is good enough for fulfilling their professional goals in the future.

The Evalatuion Of Learning Outcomes Of Writing Skill In Turkish Language Teaching Curriculum For Secondary Schools Which Implemented In 2006, 2015 And 2017 Respectively.

İrem TOPRAK KAYA, Şener DEMİREL — 2026-07-16

To acquire the ability of expressing students’ thoughts, experiences and feelings appropriately and effectively in class activities depend mostly on skill development training in Turkish courses. In this context, Turkish course books include a lot of activities that support students’ basic language skills- that is to say reading, writing, listening and speaking skills. Turkish Teaching Curriculum includes activities that develops cognitive skills such as critical thinking, anticipating, analysing, synthesizing, and evaluating along with basic language skills. Latest developments in science and technology requires individuals who can interpret and use the information which presented to her/him, communicate with her/his environment easily, and think critically. This process of development has not suddenly happened, and if it is not satisfy the current needs of the time, the change will be inevitable. Turkish Language Curriculums have been changed three times in 15 years to satisfy the needs. The holistic structure of Curriculum has been preserved, consistent learning outcomes have been selected, the main aim of the Curriculum have become to develop students’ high level cognitive skills and through this create much more permanent and meaningful learning environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the learning outcomes of writing skills in Turkish Language Teaching Curriculum which implemented in 2006, 2015, and 2017 respectively. This study is a qualitative one. In the study the data will be gathered by document review.

The relationship among Organizational Commitment, Job Stress and Job Satisfation

Muhammed TURHAN, Yusuf Celal EROL , Murat DEMİRKOL , Tuncay Yavuz ÖZDEMİR — 2026-07-16

Education organizations have an important role in shaping the lives of individuals and societies. In order for educational organizations to reach their goals, it can be foreseen that employees of the training organization feel a commitment to their organizations, provide satisfaction with their jobs and stay away from work stress. It is thought that the employees who are committed to their organizations and who are satisfied with their jobs and who are far from the job stress will perform their duties better. This research was carried out with the teachers working in high schools in Elazığ province in 2016-2017 academic year. In this study, job satisfaction, job stress, and organizational commitment (emotional and normative commitment) of teachers were examined and the relationships between job satisfaction, job stress and organizational commitment were examined as well. According to the study findings, teachers' job satisfaction levels are high, but their work stress and organizational commitment perceptions are at a moderate level. In addition, a moderate, significant and positive correlation was found between the perception of organizational commitment and perception of job satisfaction. There is a low and significant negative relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction with job stress. When the stress of teachers' in their work increases, job satisfaction and organizational commitment perception of them decrease. Recommendations are presented to the practitioners in accordance with the findings of the study.

The Effects of Computer Aided Mathematics Teaching on Mathematics Teachers' Views on Learning

Tayfun TUTAK, Aziz İLHAN , Ünal İÇ , Selim KILIÇARSLAN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of computer-assisted mathematics teaching (CAMT) practices mathematics teacher candidates on their opinions about learning process. In line with this general objective, the level of persistence in the opinions of CAMT was investigated. The study is quantitative and quasi-experimental method based on single-group pretest-posttest application was used. The universe of the research is the fourth year students of the department of mathematics teaching at Fırat University Faculty of Education in 2016-2017 academic year. The sample of this sample is 51 (26 Female, 25 Male) mathematics preservice teachers. The Demographic Information Form developed by the researchers before and after the application as a data collection tool and the Computer Aided Mathematics Education Questionnaire developed by Yenilmez and Sarıer (2007) were used. In addition, after three months following the implementation process, the related sampling was re-applied as a retention test. Fourteen weeks of applied practice in the scope of the research includes the course content applications of Computer Aided Mathematics Teaching, the theoretical information in this course, teaching methods and techniques related to this teaching method, applied activities related to the course process, study papers applied in the scope of the course and student homework. According to the findings of the study, it was determined that after the application period of the mathematics teacher candidates, there was an increase in the scores of the CAMT Class Questionnaire and the persistence of the opinions about the CAMT persisted. As a result of the study findings, recommendations on BDM were made.

Professional Development Models of Teachers in The Far East Countries

Funda UĞURLU, Ahmet DOLMACI , Filiz EVRAN ACAR — 2026-07-16

The professional development of teachers has been an important factor in the development of education in recent years. It is seen that the success of the countries which give importance to the professional development of the teachers in the international examinations, the quality of the education systems and the learning outputs of the students also increased. For this reason, it is aimed to improve the skills, attitudes and competencies that teachers need in order to uncover advanced educational outcomes for students. The purpose of this study is to investigate what the models used in the professional development process of teachers in four far east countries, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, and China (Shanghai), which have attracted attention in recent years with their success in education. The study is a review article as it provides a summary and / or a synthesis of information on a particular topic. The study focused on similar and different aspects of these models in the far eastern countries as well as models that are being applied for professional development of teachers. A detailed domestic and foreign literature search was carried out within these sub-objectives. Models such as mentoring, master/ head teacher, research sabbatical system and paid / unpaid leave of absence, lesson study and classroom observations have been reached in the far eastern countries in order to ensure the professional development of the teachers. These practices have made it possible for teachers to take the support of expert or experienced teachers, to have the permission for research, to do lesson plans collaboratively, to do class observations, to analyze problems and to bring solutions or suggestions, to benefit from websites or web applications and to do various research studies. Thus, the results to be acquired can uncover important ideas in raising teaching quality and in teacher training process

The Effect of the Designed “the Adventure of Democracy” Sub-learning Field on Student Success

Özlem ULU KALIN — 2026-07-16

It is well known that course books, which are one of students’ reference guides, have positive effects on their learning. But research in the area indicate that course books are not at level of students, their readability levels are much more higher than the target population, and they are not suitable for visual design principles. The aim of this study is to measure the effect of fascicule course book that was prepared by eliminating deficiencies and is relevant with 6 grade “Adventure of Democracy” sub learning domain on students’ academic achievement.This research is a quantitative study. A quasi-experimental design be used for the study. In the research process experimental and control groups be created and the implementation of fascicule course book be done. The chapter prepared was evaluated by experts and applied to students in the experimental group for five weeks. The Social Sciences Course Book for 6th Grade, which was approved as a course book for five years by TTKB was applied to the control group students for five weeks. Instruction for both of these groups was carried out by the researcher to avoid possible differences due to different instructors. The population of the study composed of 6th graders who attend secondary schools in Central County and the other counties of Artvin. And the sample of the study composed of 6th graders who attend secondary schools in Central County of Artvin. At the end of the research, the pre-test and the post-test were evaluated with the statistical program and the independent t test result was analyzed. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group students, who were taught with by the prepared chapter. On the other hand, there isn’t a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and posttest results of the control group students. Based on the analysis results, the students who studied with the chapter prepared for the “Adventure of Democracy” learning area, which is thought to have no deficiencies in terms of content, visual elements and readability have been found to be more successful than the students who studied the unit from the Social Sciences Course book for 6th Grade, which was approved by TTKB.

Evaluation of Teacher Candidates' Reflective Written Expositions

Mustafa ULUSOY, Dilek ALTUN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to evaluate teacher candidates' reflective written journals. The study group of this research includes 70 volunteer teacher candidates trained in the Pedagogical Formation course of a university in Ankara. In this study, teacher candidates were requested to write their notes in Introduction to Educational Sciences course under the four headings. Over a period of fourteen weeks, 900 reflective daily journals were written, and these journals were analyzed and classified to determine the quality of their content. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 teacher candidates. Analysis of the reflective journals revealed that the vast majority of the teacher candidates composed of lower-level technical (60 %) journals and the higher-level reflective thoughts were proportionally less. It has been observed that the teacher candidates are very interested in the summary title in their writing and they try to summarize the topic of the week in a large part of their journals. The vast majority of prospective teachers indicated that they more focused on the lesson through reflective journals and that they learned better by writing the reflective diaries. It was observed that the note taking and writing format used in this research was evaluated by the participants as effective and useful in teaching the reflective thinking. Teacher candidates should be taught directly and explicitly about how to write reflective journals. The structured journal writing practices used in this research have been observed to be useful for individuals who are beginning to write reflective journals. Through structured reflective journals, teacher candidates had a potential to learn about reflective writing and had a potential to teach reflective thinking and writing to their future students.

Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities in Ottoman Period

Emre ÜNLÜ — 2026-07-16

Individuals with intellectual disabilities has been existed throughout the history. They are diagnosed with different terms and got different implementations and cures while they have been a part of society. The Ottoman Empire reigned 700 years on Anatolia lands and influenced modern Turkey in many ways. This study aims to reveal the situation of individuals with intellectual disability in Ottoman era. In this direction, answers of “which institutions was serving for individuals with intellectual disabilities?”, “what were the cures and implementations for individuals with intellectual disabilities?”, “where was the place of individuals with intellectual disabilities in society” is investigated. Results showed individuals with intellectual disabilities got different cures and care based implementations instead of education and society welcomed them. Darussifas was shined out on institution provide service for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Most common cures and implementation were music therapy and herbal drugs special for individuals with intellectual disabilities. In the light of findings obtained it is thought that the individuals with intellectual disability found place in Ottoman society and didn’t have difficulty in joining the society. It takes attention that implementations performed in Ottoman Empire term were intended for cure and providing care for individuals with intelelctual disability, not educating them. Also classification efforts performed by Mukbilzade Mümin and Mehmet Sait are thought to be important for both Ottoman and western world in that term.

COURSEBOOKS AS FUNCTIONAL TOOLS IN CONVEYING LANGUAGE AND CULTURE: TURKISH COURSEBOOKS

Dilek ÜNVEREN — 2026-07-16

In this study, the texts in the units of National Culture in Turkish language coursebooks in secondary schools in 2018-2019 academic year were examined in the context of conveying culture. A descriptive analysis of the texts has been made in order to determine what cultural elements are included in the units of National Culture in Turkish coursebooks and how are these cultural elements conveyed. Cultural contents and structures were analyzed in the texts notably in the ones which underlie the relationship between language and culture. As a result of the study and evaluations, it was found that many historical and cultural structures were included in many genres to convey Turkish cultures to next generations; and questions and suggestions were also included in the books about what and how can be done in order to transfer these cultural concepts.

COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGIC PEDAGOGIC CONTENT KNOWLEDGE OF FACULTY OF EDUCATION MATHEMATICS TEACHER CANDIDATES AND PEDAGOGICAL FORMATION EDUCATION CERTIFICATE PROGRAM CANDIDATES

Devrim ÜZEL, Sevinç MERT UYANGÖR — 2026-07-16

In our country, teacher training is carried out in the education faculties of universities and with Pedagogical Formation Education Certificate Programs which enable people from different occupational groups to become teachers. When the related studies on teacher education are examined, it can be said that especially the content knowledge has come to the fore for many years. However, it should be noted that pedagogy knowledge is at least as important as content knowledge. Shulman defined the concept of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PAB) from the intersection of pedagogy and content knowledge, considering that only the knowledge of the content would not be sufficient. This concept is guiding at the starting from the regulation of the teaching content, how to adapt the related content to the classroom environment and how to present to the students. However, along with technological developments and the necessity to integrate them into educational environments, the concept introduced by Shulman has been combined with the technology and reorganized as Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Schmidt et al. suggested that TPACK, which is proposed as a model in its research, may have a suitable structure to develop a tool for measuring the knowledge of teacher and teacher candidates on technology integration. The purpose of this study is; when teacher training programs are considered, to determine the relationship of TPACK between teacher candidates of the Faculty of Education and with the prospective teachers of pedagogical formation education. The research was designed in a relational screening model which is one of the quantitative research approaches. The working group was created by the prospective teachers, 154 Elementary Mathematics Teaching (EMT), 37 High School Mathematics Teaching (HMT) and 42 Pedagogical Formation Education (PFE) candidates. The data were collected by TPACK scale which was developed by Schmidt et al. and which was adapted to Turkish by Dikkartın Övez and Akyüz. Data were tested by one-way analysis of variance. It was observed that there was no significant difference between TPACK scores of EMT candidates and those of HMT candidates. It was concluded that there was a meaningful difference between TPACK scores of EMT and HMT candidates and PFE candidates in favor of EMT and HMT candidates, respectively.

NATURE-CHILD RELATIONS IN TURKISH CHILDREN'S LITERATURE

Sümeyye YAĞMUR, Talat AYTAN — 2026-07-16

Nature is a source of experience for children. The child sees nature as an area of both amusement and exploration. This interest of the child has been the subject of children's literature targeting the child. It is effective in reaching out to the child to benefit from children's stories in order to appease the child to nature and to give him environmental awareness. In children's literature, nature is often handled or dealt with in the context of environmental education. The heroes are presented to the child by being equipped with the human behaviors that the child will be identified with. It is less common for children to take part in children's books with their own characteristics. In this research, it is aimed to determine the nature-child relationship and the dimensions of this relationship in the stories of children's literature products in which nature is the subject of its own features. For this purpose, fifty stories in thirty children's books were first read by the researcher and analyzed descriptively. Afterwards, the content-analysis of the nature-child relationship was coded through this analysis. In the coding process, expert opinion was taken. As a result of the research, it was seen that in the children's stories examined, there were fifty-six different interaction dimensions of nature for the child. Some of these dimensions: curiosity, fun, discovery, happiness, love, fear, compassion. In the stories examined, it was seen that nature was the most entertainment element. The child recognizes nature for the most fun and engages with it. The second most common element is the ownership. The child takes possession of the elements of nature to relate to him. While nature plays an active role in the child's emotions and behaviors with its own characteristics, it has been understood that the child affects nature in the sense of “protecting the environment“, “sacrifice and responsibility, mercy” for nature.

A STUDY FOR SECONDARY EDUCATION TEACHERS: ATTITUDES TOWARDS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES AND THEIR TRAINING NEEDS

Eylem YALÇIN İNCİK, Sinem Evin AKBAY — 2026-07-16

The main purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes of teachers working in secondary education institutions towards professional development activities and to determine their opinions regarding the efficiency of professional development activities and their training needs. Since the research was carried out to determine the current situation, descriptive method was used in the survey model. The study group consisted of 251 teachers who were working in secondary schools and volunteered to participate in the research. The quantitative data of the study were obtained by the attitude scale for in-service training and the qualitative data were obtained by open-ended questionnaire. The data related to the demographic information of the teachers who formed the study group were analyzed with descriptive statistics, percentage and frequency. In the analysis of the data obtained from the attitude scale, t-test and one-way variance analysis were used for the independent samples, and content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data obtained by the open-ended questionnaire. At the end of the research, the following findings were reached; There is no significant difference between the attitudes of teachers towards professional development activities according to gender, seniority, attending school and participation in professional development activities. 58.8% of the teachers who expressed their opinions regarding the efficiency of professional development activities found these activities to be efficient and 41.2% to inefficient. Teachers consider the professional development activities as inefficient because they consider the educators who are involved in the activities as unqualified, content and learning-teaching processes as theory-based and far from application. While 67.33% of the teachers in the study group felt the need for professional development, 32.67% considered themselves to be sufficient and thought that there was no need for training.

Evaluation of ELT Coursebooks with Their Limits

Deniz YALÇINKAYA — 2026-07-16

Course books used in EFL classes are one of the most important decisions a school of foreign languages will make in designing their concept of language teaching and learning. It means the method will be used and it is the purpose of learning a foreign language and the aspect of the curriculum. Do the course books fulfill the expectations in language learning? What are the limits of course books? Are the presentations of the skills in the course books satisfactory? All these questions are prepared and analyzed in this paper and the course book (series titled ‘English for life' by Oxford University Press) was evaluated from the language teachers' perspective. The course books are required to be designed and placed in language education as a core material in EFL classes when we are aware of the goals must be achieved in language teaching and learning. A Coursebook should be accompanied by supplementary digital materials, which serve a self-autonomy for the learners encouraging their efforts and self-esteem to learn a foreign language beyond the classroom. Surely, the course books should have i-tools availed for class teaching to attract the attention and not to fall behind in the age of technology. This study is carried out with the students and instructors of SOFL at Selcuk University.

Examination of Sentence Combinations Made with "-DIk" and "-An" Adjective Verbs in Turkish Teaching as a Foreign Language by Sentence Item and Time Attachment

Şeyda YEŞİLYURT — 2026-07-16

Gerundials are one of the most difficult topics for foreign students to understand. Even if there are common points in the narration of the vernacular suffixes in the source books written for foreigners, it is seen that in some sources, the examples of daily use, which the suffixes are explained superficially to the Turkish students, seem to be inadequate. In particular, students use confusion to understand and use the adjective verb suffixes "-An" and "-DIk". Students are having difficulty in choosing between "DIK" and "-An" in their work to convert single sentences into two simple sentences, which is one of the exercises for students learning Turkish as a foreign language. While some of the sources of Turkish language information written for foreign students are insufficient to overcome this difficulty, some sources have a heavy language for foreign students who do not speak Turkish at advanced level. Moreover, it is difficult to understand the subject of "gerundial" because the "sentence items" in the sources are left behind the "gerundial" ones. In this study, the sources used in teaching Turkish as a foreign language, adjective verb attachments in Turkish teaching centers –An and –DIk how the teaching of the appendix will be determined, the differences and deficiencies in the sources will be determined. The aim of this course is to enable foreign students to use these sentence combinations in communication and writing by making them functional. Then, it was stated how these attachments should be taught with respect to the "sentence item" and the meaning of time, and which aspects should be taken into consideration in the sentence unification exercises, and the reasons for the necessity of teaching the sentence items and passivity earlier.

INVESTIGATION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS 'ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPORTS

Mehmet YILDIRIM, Ebru ARAÇ ILGAR , Sema USLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is; to determine the attitudes of high school students towards sports. The population of the study consists of the students studying in the high schools in the town of Sorgun in Yozgat in the academic year of 2018-2019. The sample of the study consisted of 282 students who volunteered to participate in the online questionnaire sent by mail from the high school students studying in the Yozgat Sorgun district during the 2018-2019 academic year. Survey method was used in the study. Information on the demographic characteristics of the students was obtained by ‘personal information form. The information about determining the attitudes of the students towards sports was obtained by the attitude scale towards sports developed by Şentürk (2015). The data were transferred to SPSS 18 software program for statistical operations. Frequency analysis, percentage analysis, arithmetic mean, t test, Anova analysis and post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. As a result of the analyzes performed; There were statistically significant differences between the attitudes of students towards sports according to gender, class, family sports, family income level and time spent on social media (p <0.05). Statistically significant differences were not determined according to the variables of weekly spending money and social media use (p> 0.05).

DEVELOPING THE INTELLECTUAL THINKING TENDENCY SCALE

Cenk YOLDAŞ, Ati MERÇ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to develop a ‘Intellectual Thinking Tendency’ scale which will be used to identify the global intellectual characteristics of the teacher candidates that intellectual thinkers have. The study has been conducted in four phases. For identifying the items in the scale, the literature related to the stages of scale development was reviewed and research studies on critical thinking were analyzed. Considering the critical thinking standards by Paul (2005), the items in the scale were written using the outcomes related to intellectual thinking. For constructing the pilot scale, the intellectual thinking standards and the outcomes were transformed into scale items. Expert opinions were requested from the related professionals to check if any of the items were wrong or could cause possible misunderstandings, and the items were reorganized accordingly. Finally, the pilot scale was readily available with 53 items consisting of 51 positive and 2 negative statements. The draft version of the scale, then, were administered to 300 teacher candidates studying at Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Education. For measuring the reliability and validity of the scale, data obtained from teacher candidates using the pilot scale were used. For the reliability analysis, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated. For establishing validity, content validity and construct validity of the scale were checked. The results of the factor analysis revealed three factors in 30 items: Intellectual Modesty and Empathy (12 items), Intellectual Responsibility and Sensitivity (11 items), and Intellectual Determination and Insistance (7 items). Explainin intellectual thinking within a multisimensional structure has also been supported by a review of the related literature. Therefore, the present scale is supposed to contribute to further studies on thinking skills.

Health Management Education In Turkey: Curriculum Analysis

Mehmet YORULMAZ, Özlem GEDİK — 2026-07-16

Aim: Aim of this study to compare the curriculum of the universities of health management education in Turkey. Method: Document review and screening model of the universe, the nature of the research conducted in the 2016 academic year in Turkey constitutes health management education that universities. Research to determine which university degree related to health management in Turkey in 2016 was benefited from ÖSYS Higher Education Programs and Quotas Guide. In order to identify lessons given by the relevant universities, information on the curriculum in the semester on the web pages was used. The information obtained is limited to the curriculum of the websites of the universities. Results: The research was carried out on a total of 41 universities, 23 of which are public universities and 18 of which are private universities. Lessons were periodically reviewed and weighted period determinations were made. According to the curriculums of the universities examined, there were a total of 201 different courses, 98 of them being courses in health management and 103 general courses. In order to be related with the subject, the part related to the field courses was considered and tried to give no results about it. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, 5 of the field lessons are 1st, 5th, 2nd, 14th, 8th, 23rd, 23rd, 14th was given in the 7th and 6th in the 8th. It is observed that marketing course in health services, which is the first course that is highlighted, is provided by 40 universities with a rate of 97.6% among 41 universities and it is in the curriculum mainly in 6th period with 26.8%. Health management departments are among the proposals to create a common curriculum by choosing lessons that are mainly given in the field rather than giving different courses to different universities. In this way, it may be a matter of getting a standard in field education.

TEACHER CANDİDATES’ VİEWS ON EFFECTİVE COMMUNİCATİON COURSE

İbrahim Halil YURDAKAL — 2026-07-16

In this study, it is aimed to determine the opinions of prospective teachers about the effective communication course in the undergraduate course curriculum. The teaching profession is a branch of skill that is based on communication between the student-guardian and the administrator, and the communication skills of qualified teachers need to be effective. In this context, effective communication courses in the undergraduate education programs of the Faculty of Education are has a great importance. In 2018 Education Faculty undergraduate programs changed, although the name of the effective communication course changing in the form of human relations and communication, the content was preserved in a similar way. The research is structured according to the situation pattern from the qualitative methods. The study group of the study consisted of 45 students who were educated in the education faculty primary school teaching department and who took effective communication courses. The data of the study was collected by semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher. Content analysis was used for data analysis. The data was read in line by line and coded. The themes were obtained by combining the obtained codes and the findings were given with the theme-code tables. Looking at the findings of the research, prospective teachers have developed opinions about effective communication course as necessary and important, teachers' communication skills should be improved and effective communication course should be given not as theoretical but as practical applications.

READING ATTITUDES OF 4TH GRADE STUDENTS OF THE PRIMARY SCHOOL: AN EVALUATION ON DIFFERENT SCHOOL LEVELS

Yusuf KIZILTAŞ — 2026-07-16

Attitude has a significant impact on behavior and success. Attitude cannot be observed directly but it is possible to see the results of an attitude. We can say that there is a direct relationship between attitude and reading. In this sense, it is necessary to question the meaning and importance of reading attitude. Reading attitude also has a special importance in terms of results of the students in reading processes. It includes the feelings and reactions of the students towards reading. The aim of this study is to examine whether the reading attitudes of the 4th grade students differ according to variables such as gender and socio-economic level. 340 students (184 of them are girls, 156 of them are boys) were enrolled in this study and they were selected by stratified sampling method. In order to determine the reading attitudes of primary school students Garfield Visual Reading Attitude Scale that was developed by McKenna and Kear (1990) and adapted to Turkish by Kocaarslan (2016) was used. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.77 for the Garfield Visual Reading Attitude Scale. In data analysis one way MANOVA was used; t-test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference between two groups and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare more than two groups. According to findings of the study; there were significant differences between the reading attitude scores of the female students and male students in favor of the female students. In terms of socio-economic level, it is observed that the reading attitudes of the students in upper socio-economic level are higher.

Motivational Orientations of Turkish EFL Students in terms of Prep Class Education

Erkan YÜCE — 2026-07-16

Current study investigated whether one year of prep class education affects students’ foreign language learning motivational orientations. A cross-sectional approach was employed in this quantitative inquiry. The researcher implemented the scale developed by Hirati (2010). The scale was applied to 233 participants at a faculty of a public university in Turkey. The voluntary participants were chosen purposefully. The data collected from the participants were analyzed through Independent Samples T-Test via computer software to report the results descriptively. The results indicated that one year of extensive prep class education does not affect students’ foreign language learning motivational orientations in terms of gender while students’ foreign language learning motivational orientations are affected from attending prep class education in general. Lastly, several pedagogical implications to enhance the efficiency of prep class education in terms of students’ foreign language learning motivational orientations were discussed considering the results.

An Evaluation on Social Activity Understanding in Turkish Education System

Abdullah BALIKÇI, Sezen TOFUR — 2026-07-16

While the development and success of the student is indicated, it is taken into consideration not only in the field of education but also in the field of education. Social activities include studies that specifically address the educational dimension of school work. Social activities in the Turkish Education System are carried out within the framework of legal texts such as other studies in the school. The Regulation on Social Activities of the Educational Institutions of the Ministry of National Education is the basic text that covers the mentioned studies and guides the studies. However, it can be seen that there are legal texts in the Turkish Education System that direct social activities but are abolished. In this study, the current regulation and the previous regulation are analyzed comparatively. The following is followed in the analysis of the regulations: First, both chapters are described, including their formal features. Then, similar and different aspects in the regulations are put forward. Finally, the results obtained from the approaches tried to be put forward in the current regulations have been reached. The results are considered important in terms of revealing the perspective of social activities in Turkish Education System. As a result of the evaluations made, the following results (in the context of both regulations) have been reached: In the regulations, the activities are handled comprehensively. Frequent amendments to the regulations affect the regulations negatively. Cooperation with the environment is important. A student-centered working method has been adopted. The role of school administrators and teachers has been determined as guiding and guiding. Although the activities are stated in the regulations, it is understood that the main factor is the practitioners. The trainings which should be given to the teachers in terms of reaching the purpose of the activities are not mentioned in the regulations. Despite the lack of regulations, regulations can be stated that a supportive understanding.