Turkish Studies - International, Year 2018 Issue Volume 13 Issue 19

The Anxiety Towards the Language Skills in Learning Turkish as a Foreign Language

Cenk AKAY, Nezaket Bilge UZUN — 2026-07-16

Elaborately, learning and teaching process of Turkish as a foreign language should be discoursed on the grounds that it has been the lingua franca of the region. Learning a foreign language may be affected by many factors and anxiety is one of these factors. The aim of this research is to scale the anxiety towards the basic language skills from the instructors and students’ views by pair-wise comparison and rank-order judgment scaling. Furthermore, obtaining the instructors and students’ opinions towards the reasons of anxiety and solutions was targeted. The method of the research was cross-sectional survey. The research group was consisted of 70 instructors and 32 students. While quantitative data was analyzed by scaling, qualitative data was analyzed by content analysis. Consequently, both the instructors and students expressed that learners feel anxiety in basic language skills, in addition speaking skill was found as the skill that learners feel anxiety most. In order to ensure that students do not experience concerns such as being ridiculed, disgraced, shying and embarrassed, the teachers should establish environments where students feel very confident and comfortable. Students can be matched with Turkish students in order to reduce their anxiety about speaking and listening skills. In the activities related to language skills, the themes that students can relate to daily life and have pre-knowledge can be preferred. By looking at the necessity that language learning process should also move on out of the class, especially for the foreign students learning Turkish in Turkey, a large number of social activities outside the classroom, including teachers, can be structured.

An Investigation of the Predictors of School Adjustment in 5-6 Year-Old Preschools

Gülsüm AKIŞ, Devlet ALAKOÇ PIRPIR — 2026-07-16

This study was undertaken to reveal the predictive power of the demographic variables studied in the current research for the children's school achievement, the child rearing attitudes of the mothers of 5-6-year-old pre-schoolers, the relationship of the preschool teachers with their students and their classroom management skills. As research design, relational survey model was adopted. Sample of study included 900 pre-schoolers aged 5 to 6 years, their mothers and 250 preschool teachers. Study data was collected using "Classroom Adjustment Teacher Observation-Control List", "Child Rearing Questionnaire", "Classroom Management Scale for Preschool Teachers" and "Teacher-Student Relationship Scale". "Pearson Correlation Coefficient" was used to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables, and "Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis" was performed to explore the predictive power of the variables with significant correlation coefficients in the subscales of "Classroom Adjustment Teacher Control List".Findings showed that the "conflict and closeness" dimensions of the Teacher-Student Relationship Scale, the "punishment" dimension of the Child-Rearing Questionnaire, the birth order and the child’s age significantly predicted the "concentration problem" dimension of the Classroom Adjustment Teacher Observation-Control List. It was also seen that the "conflict and closeness" dimensions of the Teacher-Student Relationship Scale, the "punishment" dimension of the Child-Rearing Questionnaire, and the birth order significantly predicted the "positive social behaviour" dimension of the Classroom Adjustment Teacher Observation Control List. "Punishment and warmth" dimensions of the Child-Rearing Questionnaire, "conflict and closeness" dimensions of the Teacher-Student Relationship Scale and the child's gender, the order of birth and the father’s age were found to be significant predictors of the “destructive/undesirable behaviour” dimension of the Classroom Adjustment Teacher Observation Control List.

Computer Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Computers as a Training Tool

Mehmet Emin AKSOY — 2026-07-16

This research was carried out with a 97% participation rate to measure the attitudes of a total of 67 computer teachers consisting of 22 female and 45 male computer teachers working in the central and central schools of the city of Tokat with an educational tool. In the research, information collection tool consisting of 3 parts was used. The personal information constituting the first part was formed from 25 questions. The second part of the self-assessment format was formed from 34 attitude schedules. Section 3 is composed of 4 sub-sections.These sections included a total of 134 teacher attitude statements, including 34 self-assessed, 19 on the educational policy and philosophy, 15 on the tracked approach, 54 on the training program's items and 12 on teacher training, and in this frame they gave themselves the values of "good", "medium" and "not good". According to the findings in the research, teachers are now raised from one source, education faculties. One of the most important findings of the research is the lack of attitude differences among the attitudes of the male and female teachers in the determined categories. It is another important finding of research that all teachers should have insights into the center of teaching students. Despite the fact that most of the teachers do not have experience abroad, they must be following the technology constantly, which is one of the positive attitudes of the research results. Teachers have not found any comment on their economic income.

Investigated of the Activity Process in Music Educator Training Institutions

Rıza AKYÜREK — 2026-07-16

There are societies in the world, linking and varies with different patterns one of the most important elements of culture. Culture from the past to the present society attracted with the lives, traditions, moral values and social experiences of a whole and essence from by filtering. Each society has its own moral values, life and traditions of each society as well as the criteria adopted and contributed by all the communities created with a sense of a general culture from the past to the present. Education; Science, technical and art covering all three if individuals and communities, content formatting, routing, switching, and control the most effective process to develop the nature. Art education facing the training process for this purpose because the three main size is one of the three main components. Individual instruments in the process of training in musical education acquired behaviors developed in education by public instrument, transmitted and application-oriented gaining momentum. Individual instrument Orchestra/Chamber music training, training development through collective of conduct gained at playback, changing, transforming. This research, qualitative and quantitative research methods to use descriptive. Configured to provide data to the survey interview form and questionnaire has been applied. The research universe, depending on the Education Faculties of Fine Arts Department, Music Education Department’s Orchestra/Chamber music and individual instrument training courses carried out/conducts instructors and students taking about. The sample of the survey depends on the University's Department of Fine Arts Education Faculties of six, Music Education Department faculty members and about constitute the said course. Suppliers of the universities in the sample group in the Department of orchestral/Chamber music and individual instrument training courses conducted/implemented the Faculty interview form conducting, Orchestral/Chamber music students survey was implemented a lesson. Look for the answer to the issue of the research developed structured interview form for analyzing findings from research have been assessed within the scope. The students are resolved using the survey statistics programs are implemented, the resulting data has shed light on the research findings. As a result of the research, music educator-breeding institutions Orchestra/Chamber music training activity preparation, proactive process product merchandising and process activity data were identified for the post feedback and developed recommendations on the subject.

Comparison of Turkey’s and Turkmenistan’s Geography Curriculums

Caner ALADAĞ — 2026-07-16

In this study, which was designed as a qualitative research; geography curriculums that have been applied in secondary education in Turkey since 2018-2019 and in Turkmenistan since 2014 were compared. The Geography Curriculums were examined in accordance with the content analysis and in the direction of the findings; they were compared according to target, content, educational situations and evaluation process. It has been determined that the curriculums vary fictitiously and structurally. It is worth noting that the geography curriculum of Turkmenistan has been prepared with a classical sense, while the curriculum applied in Turkey is constituted by constructivist approach. Some similarities of both curriculums draw attention in terms of distant targets, such as patriotism, adaptation to the developing world conditions, and training individuals beneficial for his/her country. Different from Turkey’s geography curriculum, In Turkmenistan's geography curriculum, a spiral approach has not been adopted in creating content. In Turkmenistan geography curriculum, importance is given to the practice, geographical trips and the use of new materials in lessons for educational purposes. In the aspect of evaluation, Turkmenistan geography curriculum does not include diversity and classical evaluation model is adopted. In addition, attention is drawn to the fact that in both programs, the use of GIS (geographical information systems), which has increased in importance recently, should be included.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE BOOK CHOICE: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Metin ALTUNKAYNAK — 2026-07-16

This research was carried out to determine the opinions of children towards children’s books. 28 primary school students (13 female, 15 male) participated in the study. The qualitative research method was used in the study. Data, gathered by using focus group discussion method, took shape through the questions and, if any, solution suggestions around the themes that follow; who the children take advise from when choosing books and how do they specify choosing time; what sort of literature do the children read fondly and their thoughts and feelings on the subject of the books; number of the books children read per year and the duration of finishing a book; opinions of children towards external form of children’s books (dimension, number of pages, cover form, pictures, etc.); thoughts and feelings about how the children’s books they read should be written generally. The content analysis utilized to analyze the data. Interview questions prepared to ensure the validity and reliability were reformed by taking an expert opinion, efforts were made to create an environment in which the students would feel comfortable and the researcher, as the person conducting the interview, tried to display behaviors to ensure the trust of the participants. According to the results gained from the findings, students stated that they choose the books by their family, teacher advise and peer recommendation; they read more than 30 books in a year and finish a book per week on an average; they approve dimensions, paper form, number of the pages and portability of the books, they like the pictures in the books, but they have some negative opinion about the paper quality of them; they would like the superheroes, cartoon characters, kid heroes and celebrities to be chosen as the heroes; wise, curious and powerful ones impress them; they prefer to read tale, fable and story generally. Various suggestions were made for the teachers, parents, educational institutions and students in the last part of the research.

An Analysis of the Effect of Folk Dances on Visual Motor Perception Level of Primary School First Grade (7 ages) Students

Murat ATASOY, Meryem ALTUN , Ahmet YALÇINKAYA — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of folk dances on visual motor perceptions of primary school primary (7 ages) students. The study was conducted using experimental design with pretest / posttest control group. The study group of the study is composed of 7 year old children who are educated in Süleyman Türkmani Primary School in Kırşehir in 2016-2017 educational year and selected by objective sampling method. The study group is a total of 90 people consisting of 45 experiments and 45 controls. "Visual Motor Gestalt Test" was used as the measurement tool in the research. For the experimental group, the folk dances education program was applied as 2 hours a day for 3 days a week for 12 weeks, whereas for the control group only the education was given according to the Ministry of National Education Education Program. The obtained data were analyzed and analyzed using SPSS 22 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) package program. In the analysis of the data, the dependent sample t-test was used to examine the differences between the experiment and control groups, while the demographics were examined on the percentage and frequency. As a result of the study, it was seen that there was a significant difference in favor of the experiment group between the visual motor perception levels of children who received the folk dances curriculum and children who received the National Education Ministry Pre-School curriculum. This result shows the effectiveness of folk dances in improving the visual motor perception level. This result shows that folk dances are effective in improving visual motor perception level. There was also no significant difference in terms of sex. It is thought that sex roles in this age group are not yet evident.

The Relationship between the Perception of School Culture and Job Satisfaction of Classroom Teachers

Hatice KADIOĞLU ATEŞ, Hatice VATANSEVER BAYRAKTAR — 2026-07-16

A classroom teacher guides his students to acquire many interdisciplinary skills, such as initial reading, life science, social studies, social skills, mathematics, music, sporting and artistic activities. It is closely related to their work in a high-motivated, well-communicated institution, where classroom teachers can do their job better, contribute to the growth of more healthy generations, and feel safe. Classroom teachers share the same atmosphere with other classroom teachers and branch teachers in basic education. Accordingly, school culture perception is one of the important topics to be examined in terms of class teachers. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between school culture perceptions and job satisfaction of primary school teachers. This work; It was carried out with primary school teachers working in official primary schools within the boundaries of Küçükçekmece. In this study; a descriptive survey model was used because it would be depicted as it was. The universe of the study is composed of the classroom teachers in the official primary schools of the Ministry of National Education in the district of Küçükçekmece. The sample of the study was formed from primary school institutions in Küçükçekmece by using simple random sampling method. The number of schools in Küçükçekmece is 47, and the number of teachers is 2110. In the sample, 20 primary school teachers were employed. Two scales were used to collect data. One of the scales is the ü Job Satisfaction Scale ”and the other is School Culture Scale. School teachers' perceptions of school culture and job satisfaction were also examined in terms of gender, age, marital status, education level, and seniority. The data obtained at the end of the study were analyzed by using SPSS 20.0 package program.

Learning Strategy Use of Cello Students Who are Learning in Turkish Music

Burcu AVCI AKBEL — 2026-07-16

This study is aimed at revealing learning strategies used by students studying in Turkish Music conservatories while learning and practicing cello. This is a descriptive study performed through qualitative research method. The study group (n:9) was selected through maximum variation sampling, which is a purposeful sampling strategy. The study group was divided into three groups according to the levels of playing the cello, beginning, middle and advanced. The level of cello playing of the students were determined according to their class level and average passing grade. Evaluations were made both for students individually and as for each group basis. Literature review and interview methods were used as a data collection technique in the study. The data were obtained via a semi structured interview form prepared by the researcher. The interviews held were subject to content analysis by using ATLAS.ti8 software. As a result of the study, it was revealed that cello students use all of their cognitive, affective and support strategies in their learning process. It was found out that the strategies most commonly coded and used include ‘repeating’ as a cognitive strategy, ‘managing’ as a metacognitive strategy and ‘internal strategies’ as support strategies. Beginner level students most commonly used support strategies while intermediate and advanced level students most commonly used cognitive and metacognitive strategies. It was concluded that intermediate level cello students constitute the group which most frequently referred to all categories of strategies other than support strategies and used the highest variety of strategies.

Investigation of Teachers' Work on Planning of Preschool Education Program according to Some Variables of Ministry of National Education

Filiz AYDEMİR, Ümit DENİZ — 2026-07-16

The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the pre-school teachers' work on planning the Ministry of National Education's 2013 Pre-school Education Program according to their gender, age, level of education and program they graduated. The study group of the study; A total of 487 team documents were prepared, including a one-month plan prepared by preschool teachers working in Adiyaman city center, activity plans for that month and daily training flows. The Plan Evaluation Tool was used with the purpose of collecting the data. The measuring tool has two types of materials, with "Yes-No" option and "1-10" grade. The Plan Evaluation Tool prepared by the researcher has been rearranged according to the opinions of experts and is composed of 36 items in total. A total of 40 team documents were piloted on the tool. Krippendorff's Alpha for materials created in 10-likert form and Cohen's Kappa technique for materials created in Yes-No format were used to check the reliability between the scorers through forms filled in by two experts other than the investigator for reliability. Reliability is between Cohen's Kappa technique Researcher-Expert 1 and 2. 90, .92; Krippendorff Alpha was found to be .88, .91. Mann Whitney-U Test and Kruskal Wallis Test were used to determine whether the scores of the Plan Evaluation Tool were significant in relation to the variables. According to the results of the research, it was determined that female teachers in terms of Daily Education Flow dimension are better than male teachers in terms of dimension of Activity Plan. 31 and above teachers in the dimension of "Daily Training Flow (1-10)" and the teachers in the age group of 41-45 have high scores in "Daily Training Flow (1-0)" and "Activity Plan (1-0)" dimensions; the undergraduate teachers have better planning in the "Daily Training Flow"; It has been determined that Pre-School Teachers (Open Education) graduates in the dimension of "Daily Education Flow" and "Kindergarten Teacher" graduates in "Activity Plan" have got high marks.

A POINT OF VIEW NATURE OF AN ART RESEARCH

Aygül AYKUT — 2026-07-16

Researching art is not seen as a specific occupation of art researchers, such as art historians. Writing about art should not only deal with historians, critics, academics, artists, interested arts, art readers and, of course, educators. Especially keeping the record of history is seen as a necessity for the visual arts educators who are involved with art history in the area. However, the possibilities of artist researchers or art-based research also include basic ideas that contribute to the nature of art research. For this reason, it is necessary to be aware of the nature, characteristics and methods of such research in order to be able to both research and write a phenomenon related to art, whatever its purpose. Whether an artistic event, an artist, or an art educator, the art research becomes operative by choosing the methods appropriate to the research problem. However, no matter how well-intentioned it is done, it can sometimes affect the future by expanding from the selection of a research method related to art to interpretations. Problems similar to this can be seen especially in the field related to historical researches. However, it is necessary to discuss whether such problems are related to the nature of art research. In the research, some case studies that have taken place in the perspectives of the art educators have been selected and debated over the factors that can affect the research of the art especially the historical research. In addition to the facts reached in the selected examples, there have been determinations as to whether unconsciously made comments or events have been shaped by re-signification, or whether personal beliefs have participated in this process, and whether there are indications in the comments that can actually be discussed. The research was carried out in a descriptive way. The aim of the research is to examine the nature of the researches carried out in the descriptive way which is the basis of art researches and to discuss ways of avoiding the mentioned problems. It is thought that the research will provide ideas that will change the perspectives and perspectives of art and education researchers.

ANALYSIS OF SPEAKING SELF-EFFICACY AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF PROSPECTIVE TURKISH TEACHERS IN TERMS OF VARIOUS VARIABLES

Yasemin BAKİ — 2026-07-16

In this research, it is aimed to analyze the speaking self-efficacy and communication skills of prospective Turkish teachers in terms of various variables and to determine the relationship between these two skills. The study group of the research was determined by simple random sampling and consisted of 209 prospective teachers who were studying at Turkish Language Teaching Department in Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University. “Speaking Self-Efficacy Scale” developed by Katrancı and Melanlıoğlu (2013) and “Communication Skills Scale” developed by Owen and Bugay (2014) were used for collecting data in the study conducted with the relational screening model. In the analysis of the data, t-test and one-way analysis of variance (One Way Anova) were used for independent groups. According to the results of the research, it was found that the speaking self-efficacy of the prospective Turkish teachers did not significantly show any difference in terms of gender and department variables, but their communication skills showed significant difference in favor of female candidates in terms of gender variable, and that they had similar characteristics in terms of department variable. It has been determined that there was a positive relationship between speaking self-efficacy skills and communication skills of the prospective Turkish teachers.

PRINCIPLES OF TURKISH TEACHING WITH MOVEMENT FROM FUAT BAYMUR'S “TURKISH TEACHING”

İrem BAYRAKTAR — 2026-07-16

This study aims to evaluate the republican era teacher, Fuat BAYMUR’s work “Turkish Teaching”, in which he mentioned about the basic language teaching, in terms of contemporary Turkish teaching methods. Fuat Baymur is a teacher who sheds light not only on his own period but also on future with his researches and examinations on teaching methods and practices. The first edition of the work examined in this study was published in 1943 in two volumes, as first and second book. This information source, which is half a century old, is important in terms of historical development of Turkish teaching and its main principles of mother tongue education. In the study, the method of document examination from qualitative research methods was used. Fuat Baymur's work “Turkish Teaching” has been analyzed comparatively with contemporary Turkish teaching methods and programs by including the curriculum of that period. Baymur adopts a teaching approach that responds to the interests and needs of the students by requiring a teaching method that helps the students' daily life skills and socialization besides teaching his teaching methods in his works. A multi-faceted teaching environment and a student-centered approach attract attention in Baymur's works. The work, which is examined in this direction, carries a reference book character in terms of the basic principles of teaching Turkish.

An Investigation of Primary School Teacher Candidates' Metaphorical Perceptions About Child Participation

Mustafa BEKTAŞ, Müberra YAVAŞ , Asena AYVAZ CAN — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to examine the primary school teacher candidates' metaphorical perceptions about child participation in terms of gender, grade level, socio-economic level, family educational status. In this research, qualitative research method was used. The study group consisted of 173 primary school teacher candidates studying at Sakarya University Faculty of Education on Spring Semester of 2016-2017. To collect data, a specific form, developed for the determination of primary school teacher candidates' metaphorical perceptions about “child participation”, was used. During the data collection process, primary school teacher candidates were asked to express what they understood from the concept of “child participation” and the reasons for their expressions. Documents were analyzed with content analysis method. 136 different metaphors created by primary school teacher candidates were gathered under 14 conceptual categories. It is observed that the maximum metaphor was gathered in the conceptual category of “as a requirement for child participation”; while at last place was the category “child participation as guardian”. Examining the distribution of metaphors according to the conceptual categories, it was shown that conceptual dimensions of child participation as a requirement variable did not change in terms of gender; while metaphors were condensed on different conceptual categories in terms of grade level, parent education level, number of siblings, and the amount of income variables. It has been recommended that teacher training institutions organize their educational processes by including other conceptual categories.

The Problems that the Language Instructors Encounter at the Temporary Training Centre and Their Suggesstions for Solution in the Scope of the Project for Integration of Syrian Students into Turkish Educational System

Devriş BEYHAN, Cahit EPÇAÇAN — 2026-07-16

The main aim of this research is to identify the problems faced by the language teachers who are teaching to the Syrian students in the temporary training centers in our country and to suggest solutions to these problems. Moreover, it is aimed to determine and to eliminate the problems that the students face/will face in the language education. While there are many studies about the problems faced in Turkish Teaching to foreigners, in our study the problem has been reduced to a specific level. The study is important in the sense that while teaching language to a single nation; both the problems encountered during language teaching are handled as well as the age of language learners is low. Identifying the problems of the language teachers who work in the temporary training centers, which play an important role in integrating the Syrian students into the Turkish education system, will ensure that the language teaching is more efficient. At the temporary training centers where the work is carried out, students are the ones who are continuing their education between the 1st and 4th grade. Students who complete their education at the temporary training centers continue their education and training in normal schools like Turkish students. Qualitative research method has been used in this study. The survey model has been chosen as the research model. In the study, a questionnaire consisting of 12 items has been applied to the language teachers who worked in the temporary training centers. The data have been analyzed by content analysis method which is based on the qualitative research method. As a result of the research, the problems seen as the most common by the language teachers who work in the temporary training centers in the language teaching are language phonetics, students’ trying to identify the education taken in Syria with the Turkish education system, the differentness of the learners’ readiness and sensational dimension, and the lack of material.

The Vocabulary Learning Strategies of Foreign Language Students

Dilek BÜYÜKAHISKA, Rüveyda H. ÇEBİ KOZALLIK — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study was to determine foreign language students’ frequency of vocabulary strategy use in terms of different variables such as gender, the years of education, and their education programs. The participants of this study were 363 students enrolled in the English Language Teaching Department (ELT) and the German Language Teaching Department (GLT) at Ondokuz Mayıs University. 194 of the participants were from the ELT program (134 females, 60 males) and 169 of them were from the GLT program (136 females, 33 males). The data of the research were collected using “Scale for Vocabulary Learning Strategies in Foreign Languages” developed by Kocaman ve Kızılkaya Cumaoğlu (2014). The results of the study revealed that females and males in ELT program differ in terms of the frequency use of cognitive strategies. Conversely, there was no gender effect on the use of vocabulary strategies in the GLT program. Again, the results indicated that there was no significant difference between the years of education in the ELT program and the frequency of vocabulary strategy use. However, the findings showed that GLT students’ frequency of vocabulary strategy use varied significantly in every single strategy subdimension in terms of their years of education. Furthermore, there was found a significant relationship between the ELT and GLT students in the frequency of vocabulary strategy use with regard to memory and compensation strategies. Furthermore, the resuls of the study were discussed in the lights of previous research in the literature and necessary suggestions were set for teaching of vocabulary learning strategies in foreign language classrooms.

Social Gender Perception of Secondary Education Anatolian Labor Students: Ankara Hüseyin Gazi Anadolu İmam Hatip High School Example

Sevil BÜYÜKALAN FİLİZ, Yıldız KANLI , İlksen ÜSTÜNDAĞ , Birgül DEMİRCAN — 2026-07-16

The main aim of this article is to measure the gender perception of the students of Imam Hatip High School. In this context, focus group interview was made on the findings in the theoretical section, while open-ended questions were asked to a total of sixteen Imam Hatip High School students, including eight girls and eight males. According to this, the students in the study group are positively approaching the existence of girls' schooling / women's education and women's working life. However, it is seen that students are going to gender discrimination about education branch and job selection. Women's political representation, leadership, discrimination between women and men roles and responsibilities, influence on women's decision-making within the family, and opposition between students on traditional pattern judgments. While many of the proverbs that have become symbols of traditional stereotypes about social sex and the students who interpret the idioms consider these idioms as absurd, has traditionally responded more closely to economic decisions within the family or to home living and has placed more economic responsibility on the man. As a result, the gender perceptions of the students of the Imam Hatip High School could be evaluated neither as completely traditional nor as totally modern, according to the interview obtained with the working group. It can be said that when the way out of the working group, the gender perception of the students of Imam Hatip High School shows a clear profile. Therefore, it seems that a number of regulations aimed at lifting gender discrimination in education can change students' perceptions. This change will be effective in destroying negative traditional judgments against women.

Investigation of the Intra-Family Communication and Social Adjustment of Middle School Students

Fatih CAMADAN, Yıldıray ÖZKURT — 2026-07-16

The main aim of the research has been identified as a study of the intra-family communication and social adjustment of secondary school students. The study group of the research consisted of 265 students (Female=147, Male=118) who attended at secondary schools in Rize city center. Intra Family Relationship Assessment Scale and Personal Information Form were used to gather data, and an interview form was used in order to determine the students’ levels of adjustment. A mixed method which embraced both qualitative and quantitative methods was used in the research. The qualitative data of the research was analyzed by t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the quantitative data of the research was analyzed by the descriptive analysis technique. According to the results obtained from the research, male students perceive the relationships in their families as more supportive than female students, and female students perceive the relationships in their family members as more restrictive than male students. As a result of the research, the intra-family communication of the participants did not show any significant difference according to parents’ educational backgrounds and parental coexistence status. However, it showed as statistically significant difference in the aspects of intra family communication of secondary schools as the case of getting an achievement title. As a result of the interviews, it was found that all students with low, medium and high social adjustment perceived the concept of family as positive. In order to improve the family relations, the result of the research shows that the students with low level of social adjustment featured responsibilities in the family, students with moderate level emphasized self-devotion and respect, and students who have high level of social adjustment drew the attention to theme of respect. In addition, in order to improve intra family relations, it was determined that students with low level featured taking risks, moderate level students emphasized self-devotion and respect and students with high level of adjustment draw attention to the theme of respect. It was stated that students with low and moderate levels of adjustment were more likely to have family members experiencing disagreement; and those with high levels of adaptation were less likely to have. According to these results, the higher the level of social adjustment, the lower the disagreements among the family members.

The Role of L1 Script Direction on Picture Layout of L2 English Reading Texts

Emrah CİNKARA, Mehmet KILIÇ — 2026-07-16

Although the process of second language reading comprehension has been well investigated, there are limited number of studies investigating L1 script direction and its effects on EFL reading comprehension. The purpose of this study was twofold: to discover any possible differences in the reading process of L1 left-to-right and right-to-left learners of English; and to investigate the possible effects of L1 script direction on EFL reading text and picture layout. EFL learners with left-to-right L1 script direction (such as Turkish learners) and right-to-left L1 script direction (such as learners from Syria and Iraq) were asked to do a reading task as their eye movements are recorded with eye-tracking computer set-up. Two instruments were employed: Use of pictures in reading texts survey and reading text with pictures in eye-tracking experiment. The results of the eye-tracking data suggested that students with left-to-right L1 script direction fixated more on the pictures on the left than others; and similarly students with right-to-left L1 script direction fixated more on the pictures on the right of the text. These findings from the second tool were also verified with the questionnaire findings, in which the effect of L1 script direction on learner preference of picture layout was proven.

Analysis of “Improvisation Games for Strings Through the Graphic Notations” Book in Terms of Target Behaviors

Sonat COŞKUNER — 2026-07-16

String instruments, which date back centuries ago, have an important places in the culture and education of many civilizations. String instruments, which persisted existence till today, have developed playing techniques over time. Undoubtly, as well as the instructor, the string instrument methods are the most important reasons for this technical development. Many methods, from beginning to viruozo etudes, effects the technical and musical development of students and performers. However, there is a lack of written materials aimed at the improvisation skills and cognitive development of students and performers. This research is aimed to reveal the target behaviors of the book aimed at developing the skills of improvisation and cognitive development of performers through games by using graphic notation written for performers from all ages and societies. Erolgraf, who gave the name of the graphic notation used in the games, is a system in which the soundpainting gestures created by Walter Thompson in 1974 for musicians, dancers, actors and visual artists were transformed into graphical notation by Etienne Rolin as the theoretical first experiment. Rolin expresses the games prepared using graphic notation as a challenge for the stringed instrument of classical tradition. In addition to the basic violin technique behaviors, games encouraged performers to take some risks, and at the same time give ideas on performance and independence. Scanning model was used in obtaining the data and content analysis method was used in analysis. It is though that the research will shed light on the Works to be done on the string instruments and improvisation.

EXPLORING PRE-SERVICE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ MOTIVATIONS TO STUDY AND THEIR ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY LEVELS

Dilek ÇAĞIRGAN, Cengiz POYRAZ — 2026-07-16

According to the research on motivations for studying, adolescents’ motivations are influenced by several factors like positive mood, success and failure, examinations, school and lessons, specific times and impulsivity. Perceived academic self-efficacy is a student’s belief in himself or herself to achieve an academic goal. Studying university students’ academic self-efficacy levels might explain students’ attitudes towards academic learning in different fields. It is important for pre-service mathematics teachers to motivate their future students to study. Furthermore, studying for lessons and academic self-efficacy are closely related. In this context, this research study aims to explore pre-service mathematics teachers’ academic self-efficacy and their motivations for studying. The research was conducted with the pre-service teachers attending a university in İstanbul. The research data were collected with the “Academic Self-Efficacy Scale”, “The Motivation to Study Scale for Adolescents”, and a demographical information form. The SPSS 21.0 Statistical Package Program was used to analyze the data. The findings were discussed in line with the literature and some suggestions were presented for further research and researchers. The results of the data analysis were considered to inspire further research. While there is not a similar research study to compare with, the results will contribute to the literature and pave the way for further research.

Examination of the Effects of Peer Mediators on Solution of Conflicts in the School

Rahman ÇAKIR, Cuma KESME — 2026-07-16

This research is an empirical research that examines the effect of mediator students who have received "Conflict Resolution and Peer Mediation Training"on the resolution of conflicts among students in their classes and the reduction of disciplinary events.The subjects who participated in the research consist of students whose ages ranged from 14 to 19 years in the secondary education institution in the province center, in 2017-2018 school year.In the study, two separate groups were established, one branch test group at each grade level and another branch control group.The study was carried out on 152 subjects, 73 in the experimental group and 79 in the control group.In the study, “experimental patterns with pre-test and post-test controlled group” which is a special kind of mixed patterns, frequently, used in the field of psychology .As the main purpose of the study is to test the levels of Peer Mediator Students resolve conflicts in the classroom, the independent variable of the research is the Peer Mediation Practice applied only to the experimental group between the pre- and post-test.The dependent variable of the research is; the conflict levels of students.The data in relation tothe dependent variable were obtained by the "Class Evaluation Forms" developed for this research in line with the opinions of the course teachers, administrators and councellingservices.In the framework of research pattern, conflict-disciplinary levels of all classes were determined as pre-testby using class evaluation forms at the beginning of the study.A branch at each grade level was designated as an experimental group, and Peer Mediation Practice was conducted in this group for two months.At the end of Peer Mediation Practice conducted at branches within experimental group, conflict-disciplinary levels of those classes within experimental and control groups have been re-determined as post-test.According to the research findings obtained, it was found that there was a meaningful difference (p<.05) between pre-test scores and post-test scores in relation to conflict-disciplinary levels of the test group in which the peer mediation practice was conducted and the control group classes in which the practice was not conducted

The Effect of the Station Technique on the Student Academic Success in the 6th Grade Science Course Matter and Heat Unit

Metin ÇAKMAK, Cihat DEMİR — 2026-07-16

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of the Station Technique on student academic achievement in the 6th Grade Science and Technology course of Matter and Heat unit and to compare the effect of traditional teaching and station technology on student achievement in the 6th Grade science course Matter and heat unit. The study was conducted with pre-test control group model. The universe of the research is the second year of the 2016-2017 academic year, 6th grade students who are studying in the same period. The sample of the research is 54 students in the 6th grade who are studying at Atatürk secondary school in Çınar district of Diyarbakır. The application was applied in a total of 16 lesson hour covering the matter and heat unit. The 27 students who constituted the experimental group of the study were studying with the station technique; the rest of the 27 student control group was taught by traditional methods, depending on the achievements of the MEB. The MIUBT (matter and heat unit achievement test), which was valid and reliable for the experimental and control groups, was applied as a preliminary test before the application. After the application, both groups were applied as the same success test post-test. Comparisons of MIUBT mean scores of the students in the experimental and control groups were compared by the nonparametric Mann Whitney-U test for independent groups and for the dependent groups; nonparametric Wilcoxon Marked Ranks test. According to the results of the data analysis, the successes of the experiment and control group, which has close successes in the first place, increased after the study. However, the success rate of the experimental group increased significantly increased level compared to control group.

The Valued Living Questionnaire: Adaptation into Turkish Culture, Validity and Reliability Study

2026-07-16

The aim of this study to adapt The Valued Living Questionnaire (TVLQ; Wilson and Groom, 2002) into Turkish culture and examine the psychometric properties of validity and reliability. The sample of the study is 254 university students (214 female, 40 male). The age range of the participants was 18-32 along with the average age of 20.61. The data was collected by Valued Living Questionnaire ( Wilson & Groom, 2002) and Turkish form of The Well-Star Scale (Korkut-Owen, Doğan, Demirbaş-Çelik & Owen, 2016). The results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the original two factor structure of the scale with the acceptable model fit indices emerged (χ2 / df = 2.51; GFI = .87 , CFI = .90 ; TLI = .88 ; RMSEA =.08 ). The evidence over convergent validity of the scale showed medium correlations with well-being scores (r=.40, p<.001). The internal consistency indicator of Cronbach’s Alpha value was .90 for the whole scale while it was .85 for “values” subscale and .83 for “valued living” subscale . Thus, the psychometric properties of The Valued Living Questionnaire emerged in this study showed that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool of values and valued living.

The Evaluation Of The Problems And Solution Offers Of Turkish Health Tourism In The Context Of Employees, Managers And International Patients Through The Swot Analysis Method

Hakkı ÇILGINOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Health tourism has been becoming an important argument in the world economy. As of 2010, the size of the economy occurred by travelling around in order to benefit from health services is 60 billion USD. In accordance with the developments in the health sector in recent years in our country and along with the raising importance of the private hospitals in the health system, the share of Turkey in the world has come to increase as well in the context of both health tourism in general terms and medical tourism in particular. On this basis, many hospitals that would like to attract international patients within the framework of the services provided in international health tourism have initiated attempts to obtain international accreditation certificates and developed programs to implement various marketing strategies. As of 2013, 50 health institutions accredited by the Joint Commission International (JCI), four of which were in Izmir, started to provide service in our country. Although it varies by years, Germany, it is seen that Libya, Russia, Iraq and the Netherlands are among the countries, which have sent the highest number of international patients in our country in recent years. These counties are followed by other neighboring counties, some Western European countries and the United States of America. In this study,interviews with tourists in various provinces including Antalya, Istanbul, Mugla, Izmir and Ankara and face-to-face interviews with health officials and administrative staff working in health facilities, which are the practitioners of this subject, were conducted during the 17 months between March 2015 and August 2016 in order to investigate this topic. In addition, a questionnaire called “Perception of Health Tourism in Turkey’ and developed by the researcher was carried out with 310 tourists who were in the same city and came to Turkey for health tourism or benefited from health services during their travel in our country. The data was analysed with SWOT analysis method and the health tourism in Turkey was examined in all its aspects. This study presents the current situation of Turkey in this market and aims to offer suggestions and regulations needed to increase its share in this market in the future.

Examining the Risk Perceptions Preservice Science Teachers Related to GMOs

Ümit DEMİRAL, Hande TÜRKMENOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to investigate the risk perceptions of preservice science teachers in terms of some factors in a socio-scientific context like food with GMOs. In this study, one of the quantitative research methods, the relational scanning model was used. The sample of the research consists of a total of 255; 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade preservice science teachers in Ahi Evran University, Science Education Department. The Personal Information Scale and the Risk Perception Scale for Foods with GMOs were used as data collection tools in the study. . During the analysis of the data obtained from the scales; frequency (f), percent (%), mean () and standard deviation (SD) values were used as descriptive statistics and Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for explanatory statistical techniques. In the findings, it was determined that preservice science teachers’ risk perceptions for GMOs were above the medium level. When examined in terms of variables, it was found that the risk perceptions of female preservice teachers were significantly higher than those of male preservice teachers. It was found that preservice teachers who are studying in the last grade have significantly higher risk perceptions than preservice teachers who are studying in other classes. On the other hand, no significant difference was found between female and male preservice teachers in terms of academic grade point average, character trait, parental education status and settlement place. The fact that preservice science teachers’ risk perceptions are above the average is thought to be the impact of mass media. It is also thought that because of the social roles and daily activities based on the gender difference, the risk perceptions of female preservice teachers are higher than that of the males. The lessons that the senior preservice teachers have taken during the undergraduate period may have an impact for the senior preservice teachers’ low level of risk perceptions compared to other classes. Based on the results of the research, suggestions have been made to the undergraduate science teacher education program.

An Evaluation for Use of Short Theater Plays in Arabic Teaching

Murat DEMİR — 2026-07-16

The theater teaches individual and social solidarity, responsibilities, transforming thoughts into actions without disturbing others, reading with interpreting/ thinking/ examining, speaking freely to a community, being interested in art branches, and most importantly realizing one's own self (Yalçın and Aytaş, 2005: 11). In theater products that sincerely reflect the reality and vitality of life, dialogue, monologue, oratory, and story coexist (Aytaş, 2014: 4). The combination of these different elements enriches the expression of the theater and increases its power. Just as there are texts to be taken to stage as a theatrical production, it should not be forgotten that these texts can also be read, listened, written or spoken as pure text. Thanks to these features of the theater, foreign language teaching can be executed effectively. When we look at the languages that maintain its existence in the world, we see that Arabic is also among the most spoken languages in the world. In our country, Arabic is crucial for a variety of reasons, especially religious, economic, military, and political reasons. In the context of teaching Arabic with different teaching methods as a foreign language, it is thought that a permanent and fun learning environment can be created by performing the theater plays in Arabic by the students. In this work titled "An Evaluation for Use of Short Theater Plays in Arabic Teaching", information about the place and importance of the theater in education was given, and the evaluation of the use of short plays in the development of four basic skills in Arabic as a foreign language is included.

ATTITUDES OF THE SPORTS SCIENCES STUDENTS TOWARDS PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS TEACHING

Sabahattin DENİZ, İzzet GÖRGEN — 2026-07-16

The current study aims to investigate the attitudes of sports sciences faculty students towards becoming a physical education and sports teacher. The study group of the current research employing the survey model is comprised of students having graduated from the faculty of sports sciences and the senior students of the faculty of sports sciences enrolled in the pedagogical formation program given in the Education Faculty of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University in the spring term of 2017-2018 academic year. A total of 126 pre-service teachers participated in the study on a volunteer basis. Of the participating students, 45 (35.7%) are females and 81 (64.3%) are males. In order to determine the between-groups differences, t-test and “variance analysis” were used. The findings of the current study revealed that the pre-service teachers’ love for and anxiety about the profession of teaching do not vary significantly depending on gender, department (sports administration, coaching, physical education and sports teaching) and mother and father’s doing or not doing sport. It was found that the love of the pre-service teachers having professional experience before for the profession of teaching is stronger than those not having professional experience. Moreover, if the pre-service teachers were once more given the opportunity to select their field of study, the ones having stronger love for the profession would once more prefer the same field of study. A positive and low correlation was found between the students’ love for the profession and anxiety about the profession

EVALUATION OF 7TH GRADE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CURRICULUM BASED ON STUFFLEBEAM'S CIPP (CONTEXT-INPUT-PROCESS-PRODUCT) MODEL ACCORDING TO TEACHERS' VIEWS

Beste DİNÇER, A.Seda SARACALOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the 7.th grade English language curriculum, that came into effect gradually from the years 2007-2008, based on Stufflebeam’s CIPP Model according to views of the teachers. The population consisted of 125 English teachers who work in secondary schools of Aydın district in 2012-2013 academic year. The qualitative data were gathered by seventh grade curriculum evaluation teacher questionarre developed by the researches based on Stuffelebeam’s CIPP model. The results of the questionnaire were commented according to frequency (f) and percentages (%) calculated by SPSS 11.5 packet program. When all evaluation dimensions were examined, it was seen that the highest score average was the product evaluation in terms of teacher opinions. Therefore, it can be said that the evaluation dimension of the program was more favorable than the other dimensions of the program. On the other hand the lowest average score was contex evaluation for the program. It can be said that the sub-structure of the program, the philosophy of preparation and the real sense of physical environment that created context evaluation were not approved by English teachers’. When all dimenions were evaluated as a whole, it was found that the the components of the curriculum was not compatible with each other so it could be said that English language curriculum met the teachers' expectations relatively and it needed minor changes for revision.

Determining the Perceptions of the High School Students about the Concept of Homeland through the Metaphors

Yasin DURAN, Caner ALADAĞ — 2026-07-16

This research was conducted to reveal the mental perceptions of high school students about the concept of homeland through metaphors. The universe of the study is the high school students and the sample of the study consists of 463 high school third grade (11th grade) students in 2017-2018 academic year from the following schools; Konya İsmil Anatolian İmam-Hatip (religious vocational) High School, Karatay Science High School, Afyonkarahisar Dazkırı Anatolian High School, Gaziantep Nuriye-Vasıf Onat Anatolian Girls’ High School, İstanbul Gazi Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School and Aksaray Taşpınar Anatolian High School. This research was planned to obtain deep information about the subject within the context of the pattern of phenomenology, which is one of the qualitative research designs, and the phenomenon of this study is the concept of "homeland". The data of the research was obtained by students’ completing the statements like “Homeland is like / similar to a … Because; …”. The data obtained in this study were analysed by using the content analysis technique. According to the findings of the study, students produced a total of 77 valid metaphors about the concept of homeland. These metaphors were then grouped under 12 different conceptual categories (homeland as an expression of sense of belonging, homeland as an expression of habit of body, homeland as an expression of a unifying element, homeland as an expression of necessity, homeland as an expression of source of life, homeland as an expression of identity, homeland as an expression of holiness, homeland as an expression of solidarity and indivisibility, homeland as an expression of love, homeland as an expression of refuge area, homeland as an expression of a place to hold and homeland as an expression of an element worth dying for) in terms of their common characteristics. As a result of the research, it was observed that the students constructed the concept of homeland correctly in their minds.

The Effect of Reading and Reading Comprehension Skills on the Teaching Process

Cahit EPÇAÇAN — 2026-07-16

A person needs to read in order to know himself/herself, his/her culture, his/her society and world. In the learning of mother tongue, in the development of language skills and transferring these both skills in to social life lies reading and ability to understand what is read. The most effective factor which makes reading important is comprehension. Complex cognitive process and the use of strategies requires reader’s preliminary information and experience, as well as author’s knowledge also an effective process that associates the comprehension. Reading and comprehension seem to be two different concepts but , they are actually connected to each other by cause-effect relationship. Reading is for understanding , in other words, understanding is not the result of reading, actually it is the basis. The person’s self- development , having high level skills, benefit from rich resources and interpreting them depend on having ability to understand what he/she reads. According to recent researches on subject , in order to make sense of reading , it is necessary to consider not only the eyes but also the attention and recalling mechanisms, the use and nature of the language, understanding of speaking, interpersonal relations and socio- cultural differences. The ability of comprehension , which is gained in the period of primary school education affects learner’s all the ways through positive or negative way. While this effect is positively reflected in the lessons of the learners who have the ability to understand the reading, it is reflected negatively in the lessons of learners’ whose ability to understand reading hasn’t developed. This research was conducted to determine the importance of reading and comprehension skills in the teaching process, for this purpose the document analysis method was used in the study which was designed in accordance with qualitative approach.

Examination of the relationship between secondary school students' self-directed learning skills and their self-efficacy perceptions in science lesson

Orhan ERCAN, Evrim URAL — 2026-07-16

Self-directed learning skills and self-efficacy are very important in the learning process. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between secondary school students’ self-directed learning in science and technology class and self-efficacy towards science learning and the effects of some factors (gender, age, grade, parental profession, and income level) on these variables. 363 secondary school students participated in the study. In the study, data was collected administering Self Direct Learning Scale toward Science and Technology Course and Self Efficacy Scale towards Science and Technology. The descriptive survey model one of the quantitative survey methods was used in the research. Students’ self directed learning skills towards science and technology class were found to be significantly different among students according to gender and the difference was in favor of the female students. Findings revealed that self-directed learning skills of the students increased as the grade level increased. When the variation of the students' self-efficacy according to the class level was examined, it was seen that the 8th-graders' self-efficacy was lower than the students in the lower grades. Findings displayed that as income level increased, students’ self-directed learning skills and self-efficacy level increased, and students’ whose parents were teacher self-directed learning and self-efficacy levels were higher than the other students. When the relationship between students' self-directed learning skills and science self-efficacy was examined, it was seen that there is a linear, positive and strong relation between self-efficacy and self-directed learning abilities.

The Effect of Realistic Mathematics Education Activities on Students’ Achievement, Retention Levels and Reflective Thinking Skills

Hürriyet ERDOĞAN, Zeynep AYVAZ,TUNCEL — 2026-07-16

In this study, it has been aimed to invastigate the effect of the Realistic Mathematic Education approach on the mathematical outcomes (academic achievement), retention (recall) and reflective thinking skills in the sixth grade. The research was based on pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design with control group. The sample of this study consisted of 29 sixth grade students, 15 of them belonged to experimental and 14 to the control groups. Lessons were carried on through the RME approach in experimental group. In the control group, the lessons were in line with the activities included in Ministry of National Education (MoNE) middle school mathematics course curriculum. This study was conducted in the middle school mathematics course curriculum “Numbers and Operations, Algebra”. The implementation has been completed in six weeks. In this research, contextual Achievement Test including 25 items have been developed. Before the application pre-test and after the lesson post-test was administered six weeks later retention (recall) test was administered to both experiment and control groups. Moreover, with the aim of identifying students’ reflective thinking skills “Reflective Thinking Skill Scale towards Problem Solving“ developed by Kızılkaya and Aşkar (2009) was administered to the participants. Results of the study proved that teaching supported by the through RME method used for the experiment group as teaching the unit “Numbers and Operations, Algebra” improved the success of the students and effected the recall of the acquired knowledge. Findings also demonstrated the RME approach has a positive effect on the “reasoning” sub-dimension of student’s reflective thinking skills. However, this positive effect is not observed in the “inquiry” and “evaluation” sub-dimensions.

ADAPTATION OF METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS OF READING STRATEGIES INVENTORY: TURKISH HIGHER EDUCATION SAMPLE

Tolga ERDOĞAN, İrfan YURDABAKAN — 2026-07-16

Metacognition in reading or metacognitive awareness of reading strategies is considered an important factor enhancing reading comprehension and distinguishing skilled from unskilled readers. The aim of the study is to adapt the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) to Turkish higher education students. The study comprised of 437 students from a state university in Turkey. For research purposes; the translation of the original scale from English to Turkish was performed with the assistance of eight linguists with a high proficiency in both Turkish and English languages, one program development expert and one testing and evaluation expert, the factor structure was investigated with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the reliability was identified with McDonald's Omega (ω), and the criterion validity was examined with the use of Metacognitive Skills Scale (MSS) and Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). CFA analyses confirmed the three-dimensional structure of the scale with fit indices varying from good to almost good. Positive significant relationships were found between MARSI, MSS and SILL. McDonald’s Omega was found as .93 for the whole scale. It is suggested that the Turkish version can be used as a tool to increase higher education students’ metacognitive awareness and use of strategies while reading and is expected to benefit researchers and practitioners in higher education.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPATHY MORAL MATURITY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT WİTH THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CREATIVENESS

Mustafa Yüksel ERDOĞDU,Turgay ŞİRİN — 2026-07-16

The primary purpose of this study was to examine “The Relationship of Empathy, Moral Maturity and Academic Achievement with the Development of Primary School Students’ Creativeness”. This study was conducted in accordance with descriptive correlation research model. The population of this study is all of the primary schools in the district of İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Data of the study was obtained from the fourth grade students from 45 different primary schools. The sample of the study was consists of 982 students in which there are 528 female (54 %) and 454 male (46 %) students. In the research, Creativity Rating Scale, Moral Maturity Scale and Empathy Scale were used. This research shows that there is a significant relationship of empathy, moral maturity and academic achievement with the development of primary school students’ creativeness. Three variables of this study explain 19 % of variance of creativity level all together. Relative order of importance of predictor variables: achievement scores, empathy and moral maturity. Attending sportive and socio-cultural activities improve the level of creativity, empathy and moral maturity. It was observed that there is a significant relationship of the number of siblings, the order of siblings, income, and the education level of parents with the level of creativity.

THE METAPHORICAL PERCEPTIONS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHER CANDIDATES REGARDING THE CONCEPT OF “MUSIC”

Bilgehan EREN — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of special education teacher candidates by using metaphors regarding the concept of “music” while revealing the reasons for choosing these metaphors. The participants are made up of 128 special education teacher candidates studying in Special Education Department at the Uludag University Education Faculty during the year 2017-2018. This study is structured as a qualitative descriptive research. The data was collected using a questionnaire made up of open-ended questions. The participants were asked to fill the blanks of such sentence as “Music is like/similar to….…because….…”. Qualitative procedures were utilized when analysing the data. By the end of the process various metaphors were determined. According to the results, 73 different metaphors under 8 categories were determined. When examining the metaphors that were obtained, we can see that the concept of “music” was revealed as being more than one and all different from one another and these metaphors were mainly used under the categories of “music as a source of happiness, motivation and energy” and “music as a relaxation, comforting and soothing tool”

Connectivizm Theory and Social Network Analysis of Learning Networks of Teacher Candidates

Zeynep EREN — 2026-07-16

In the 21st century, the world is rapidly changing and transforming. These changes and transformed factors also transform education. Connectivism is a new theory that has been proposed as the learning theory of the 21st century. Advocates of Connectivizm Theory have taken complexity sciences and network approaches as sources and outlets for them and have based their learning theories on the principles of complex science. Connectivity is the unification of the principles put forward by chaos, network, complexity and self-organization theories. The main purpose of this research is to identify the most likely sources of teacher candidates for new learning and to reveal the pattern of learning networks in classroom interactions.The research, which is carried out by a mixed research approach which is used together with social network analysis and qualitative research approaches, was carried out with the participation of 56 students who were included in teacher training program in Sinop University Faculty of Education in 2015-2016 school year. The sampling of the study was determined by sampling. The sample of the research was composed of prospective teachers who continued to class management class in the specified period. The data of the research was collected by the data form created by the researcher and the semi-structured interview technique. In the analysis of the research, descriptive analysis of qualitative data, social networking, UCINET 6.0 software was used to measure the centrality of social network analysis such as the network structure and the strength, degree, intensity, interrelation of connections. According to the findings of the research, prospective teachers are mostly benefiting from digital resources in their learning. Learners from peers ranked third, learners from written sources ranked fourth. Social network analysis findings of the research also supported these findings. In the qualitative part, peers are defined as the lowest level of learning resources. According to social network analysis findings, the density of learning network formed by in-class learning interactions was found low. There are actors, clikers, fragmented in the network that stand out in the network. Compared to the number of actors and connections in learning networks and friendship networks, the number of connections in the learning network was found to be higher than the number of connections in the friendship network, although the learning network was found as 56 actors and friendship network as 83 actors. The first had 109 connections between 56 actors, while the second had 106 connections between 83 actors.Apart from this, in the analysis of density, clustering, reciprocity and transitivity, it is found that the learning network is more tightly connected (strong relations) and active than the network of friendships. In the study, the density of learning networks of teacher candidates was found low. In the analysis of the clique made in the research, it was found that the teacher candidates had 19 cliques in the learning network and 15 cliques in the friendship network. This indicates that there are prominent actors in the network. As a matter of fact, in the measure of centrality, 23BT is the most central actor of the learning network and 25EV is the most central actor of the friendship network.Research findings show that connectivity and networking approaches have the potential to reveal in-class interactions within the learning and learning focus. In this research, firstly, it has been revealed how much the students' learning resources are digitized and how much they see their friends as a source of learning. It is understood that the evaluation of learning processes in the light of connective theory can contribute to understanding and explaining learning processes as well as constructing learning behaviors, or at least bringing a new point of view.

Levels of Understanding of Chemical Equilibrium Concepts of High School Students and Encountered Difficulties

Yaşar GENEL, Arif EYNULLAYEV , Doğan ÖZEN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to determine the misperceptions by determining the success levels of the high school students on the chemical equilibrium, which is the basic concepts in chemistry education and training. In order to achieve this aim, the misconceptions about this topic are and how to solve these misconceptions were explored. Case study methodology was used in this study. A special test was developed with a pilot study to determine the level of understanding of concepts on chemical equilibrium and conceptual misconceptions. This test was applied to 100 2nd grade high school science students. In addition, this issue was discussed in a different way with the course teachers and 10 students. It is found that the students are in the misconception about the concepts of chemical equilibrium. It is seen that students have different level of misconception regarding these topics: Changes up to the establishment of equilibrium, the speed of forward and backward reaction when equilibrium is established, the effect of concentration, the effect of temperature, equilibrium constant, the effect of catalyst, the effect of solids in chemical equilibrium, the effect of the addition of noble gas to the reaction to equilibrium, and the stoichiometry of chemical equilibrium. As program developers prepare and develop programs on chemistry, they should consider the misconceptions and the difficulties of understanding and understanding the concepts of chemical equilibrium and develop their programs accordingly. The teaching environment should be organized according to the expectations of the subject being taught. Especially the existing laboratories in the schools need to equipped to respond to expectations.

Views Of Classroom Teachers Related To Visual Arts And Solution Proposals With Comparative Problems

Mehmet Ali GÖKDEMİR, Sevil BÜYÜKALAN FİLİZ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to determine the problems encountered by 3rd and 4th grade classroom teachers in visual art classes and the solution proposals aimed at these problems. This study is important from the perspective of determining the problems and developing solution proposals to these issues. The subgoals of the study are: What are the problems encountered by classroom teachers during their visual art classes, arising from the students, the school administration, the class environment, the curriculum and the parents and what are the solution proposals? In this study, the qualitative approach was used to determine the problems in the visual arts lessons encountered by classroom teachers employed in primary schools, teaching in the 3rd and 4th grades and the solution proposals they have developed on the basis of these problems, from the qualitative research designs, the phenomenological design approach was used. The participant of the study consists of 22 classroom teachers who are appointed in the province of Mardin, the administrative district of Nusaybin. In the study, criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods was used. In this study, a semi structured interview form consisting of eleven questions developed by the researchers was used in the collection of data. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of data. Descriptive analysis is made by taking as basis the questions, subjects or themes stated in the data collection tools such as observations, interviews and documents. As a result of the interviews, most of the teachers have indicated that the visual arts lesson helped students to develop their imagination. Concerning problems encountered in the visual arts classes, most of the teachers have pointed out that the students were not bringing materials, that the school administration was not attaching importance to the lesson, that the class not suitable for teaching the visual arts class and that they had not an atelier, that the learning outcome was difficult and impossible to implement and that parents were not providing materials as they found the lesson unnecessary. Among the solution proposals brought by the teachers concerning the problems they encountered, they have indicated solutions such as the state or administration should provide the materials, the school administration should provide an atelier, seminars teaching the importance of the lesson should be given to school administrators, courses should be held in the ateliers, classes should be made in accordance with the lesson, learning outcomes should be prepared according to the age groups, the number of lessons in the curriculum should be increased, teachers should inform parents on the importance of the course and financial support should be extended to parents for the provision of materials.

Distributed Leadership Levels of Secondary School Administrators

Necmi GÖKYER, Gülden YILMAZ , Osman KOÇAK — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to determine the distributed leadership levels of managers according to the views of class teachers in state secondary schools. This research is in the screening model. The universe of the research is composed of 1602 branch teachers who are working in primary schools in Elazığ in the 2017-2018 academic year. The sample is composed of 318 branch teachers determined by simple random sampling. "Distributed leadership" scale developed by Özkan and Çakır (2017) was used as data collection tool in the research. t-Test for independent groups and one-way ANOVA was performed to determine whether there was a significant difference between opinions for some variables. In the research, the following questions have been answered. 1. According to the opinions of branch teachers, what is the level of distributed leadership of middle school administrators? 2. According to the opinions of branch teachers, the level of distributed leadership of middle school administrators is significantly different according to the variables such as gender, seniority, branch, education level, duration of school, number of teachers, school and workplace where they work? The distributed leadership levels of managers are determined as “I agree” in the subdimensions of formal structure, purpose unity, cooperation and trust, responsibility sharing, incentive and initiative and in the full scale.

Investigation of Problem Solving Skills of Middle School Students about Simple Machinery in Our Life

Emine GÜLSEVEN, Hüseyin ARTUN , Hasan BAKIRCI — 2026-07-16

Problem solving skills, which have an important place in science, are basic skills that enable students to be active in the learning process, improve the sense of responsibility in their own learning, and improve the permanence of the learning. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of problem solving skills of students with the help of open-ended questions in the 8th grade "Simple Machines in Our Life". Screening method was used in the study. The sample of the study was conducted with 106 students (50 girls and 56 boys) who were educated in the eighth grade of a central secondary school in Van province during 2017-2018 academic year. A data collection tool consisting of 10 open ended questions was developed in the study. The open-ended questions developed by the researchers as data collection tool were obtained by the expert opinion and the coverage validity was obtained. Scoring criteria were used to assess students' answers to open-ended questions. In the analysis of digitized data, Shapiro-Wilks test, one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc (Tukey HSD) test were applied. According to the results of the analysis made, it is seen that there is a statistically significant difference between the scores of the students on the findings obtained from the open-ended questions. The high total scores of the students from the open-ended questions can be attributed to the sufficient level of problem-solving skills in the subject.

Comparison Of Communication Skills Levels Between Adults Doing Sports And Do Not Sports

Güner ÇİÇEK — 2026-07-16

Aim: This research has been conducted in order to compare the communication skills those who doing sports and those who do not. Materials and methods: A total of 400 individuals were included in the study and participants were divided into two groups. 200 individuals (112 women and 88 men) are engaged sports, and 200 individuals (97 women and 103 men) are not do sports. It consisted of two groups of individuals who regularly play sports, at least 3 times a week and didn't play sports. “Scale for Evaluating the Communication Abilities (SECA)" was utilized in the evaluation of communication skills of the participants. Findings: In our study, a significant difference was found between the communication skills scores of participants who do sports and do not sports (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the total communication scores between the two gender groups (p> 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the communication scores of the gender comparison of the group that do sports (p <0.05). Conclusion: It was reported that the individuals who regularly do sports have higher scores. In addition, it can be said that women who do sports have higher communication skills than men who play sports.

EXPERIENCES OF PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS ON SCHOOL MANAGEMENT

Ahmet Melih GÜNEŞ, Ahmet Melih GÜNEŞ , Barış ESMER — 2026-07-16

This paper aimed to reveal experiences of primary, secondary and high school principals on the school management process based on their narratives. Phenomenological design which one of qualitative research design was used in this study. 12 school principals selected whom 4 participants from each school level in the city of Ankara by multilevel sampling method. The data was collected through semi-structured interview form which developed by researchers. The data was analyzed with content analysis technique. In this study it is seen that school principals generally described school management as process-oriented. Secondly, personal qualities are crucial factor being school principal. Thirdly, being an ideal school educational feature is most important factor. Fourthly, in the school management process majority of the problems experienced are systemically sourced, especially financial in primary and middle schools, and parents in high schools. School principals is allocated to bureaucratic tasks most of their time. Fifthly, they solve teacher-parent related problems through communication. Moreover, principals adopt more value oriented approach in the management process. Changing assignment system is constantly problematic and they suggest putting into job examination and employment interviewing system together as a solution.

The Views of Science Teachers about Engineering Design Skills

Rabia Sultan GÜNEŞ KOÇ, Kadriye KAYACAN — 2026-07-16

It is one of the main duties of educational institutions to educate individuals who are researching, questioning and seeking solutions to the problems they face in daily life to advance in science and technology. For this reason our training programs are being updated to train such individuals. The aim of this study is to reveal the opinions of science teachers about the engineering design skills included in the Science Education Curriculum updated in 2018. For this purpose, interviews were held with 10 science teachers about the engineering design skills that have been added to the program. The answers of the teachers to the interview questions were analyzed with the method of descriptive analysis and the results were presented descriptively. In general, it has been observed that the teachers who participated in the study did not receive training on "engineering-design skills" and that they do not have the knowledge on this subject. It is also seen that the teachers have knowledge about this subject in the direction of their desire and interest. The common view of teachers is that engineering and design skills will be very beneficial for the development of students if teacher qualification can be achieved first. In addition, teachers believe that future adults of today's students who are thinking, researching, interrogating, experimenting and designing will benefit for our country at the national and international area in the future.

INVESTIGATION OF CHRONIC ANXIETY AND SELF DECEPTION SITUATIONS OF SCIENCE TEACHER CANDIDATES

Ahmet Hakan HANÇER, Zeynep TÜFEKÇİ — 2026-07-16

Purpose of this research is to study chronic anxiety and self-deception states of science teacher candidates. Research model used is one of the screening models, namely relational screening model. The study focused on 128 teacher candidates attending to Cumhuriyet University, department of science teaching in the academic year of 2016 – 2017. Data collection tools used on this study are “Self-Deception Scale” and “Chronic Anxiety Inventory”. The following statistical techniques are used on the collected data: arithmetical average, standard deviation, t test and simple linear regression analysis. The analysis concluded that self-deception levels of science teacher candidates is midlevel; the score in sub dimension of ego boosting self-deception is above the average and there is no significant gender-related difference; they have high levels of chronic anxiety and there is significant difference favor for girls based on gender and chronic anxiety accounts for 52 % of self-deception states of teacher candidates.

Multi Stimuli Educational Environment for Mother Tongue Teaching and the İmportance of This Environment’s Components

Sevil HASIRCI — 2026-07-16

One of the main variables related to the problems experienced in the teaching of the mother tongue is the educational environment and, when the educational environment is mentioned for Turkish teaching, it is frequently recommended to take into consideration the "multi stimuli educational environment", especially offered by Sever (2002). On the other hand, in the context of the mother tongue education environment, it was seen that only the components of this environment were handled in the literature one by one, and also, it was observed that the relationship among these components wasn’t described in the detailed and concrete way. The multi stimuli educational environment, in other words, a "language classroom" is an educational environment equipped with qualified stimuli and a variety of tools and equipments suitable for the children's learning needs, personal, social and linguistic developments. This study aimed to determine the importance of the main stimuli and tools of this educational environment in the teaching of mother tongue. This study aiming to reach a general judgment about the multi-stimuli educational environment, which is an educational environment consisting of multiple stimuli, is based on a descriptive survey model. For this purpose, a single scanning model was used in the study because of the individual description of each stimulus and of the integration of common and similar aspects. In this direction, the multi stimuli educational environment was dealt with from three perspectives: the characteristics of an educational environment, the main stimuli of mother-tongue teaching, and the importance of these stimuli. As a result of this study, it was determined why the mentioned educational environment should be used with the fundamental characteristics of the stimuli from first grade to higher education, and finally, proposed in this context.

Sustainability of Conflict Resolution and Mediation Education: Contributions to Adolescents and Society

Fatma Ebru İKİZ, Kemal BALKAN , Gözde ŞENSOY , Umut ÇATAL , Feridun BALCI — 2026-07-16

Conflict is a state of disagreement or tension in which one or more people live on a subject and is an inevitable part of human life. Resolving the conflicts in a constructive way contributes to the personality development and social development of the adolescents, thereby enabling them to acquire skills that will affect their whole lives positively. In recent years, the fear about violence and conflict in schools has increased steadily. During puberty possible feelings of emergence in post-conflict situations such as anger and fury are mostly manifested by hand and arm movements or shouting. This increases the frequency of verbal and physical violence when conflict occurs. Non-constructive conflict resolution styles and problem-solving methods used in conflict situations, seriously affect the school climate. In this research, it is aimed to investigate all the mediation contracts that have been carried out in a high school with a low socioeconomic level, which is culturally diversified in İzmir. A peer mediation model was conducted in the high school between 2006-2017. All the documents analyzed by document analyses. As a result, it has been determined that 838 peer mediator students were cumulatively trained during 11 years, 2278 disputes were experienced, 91.6% of the mediation meetings have resulted and constructive conflict resolution styles had been selected by the students.

NARRATIVE THERAPY AND USE İN PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING

Semra Coşgun İLGAR, M.Zeki İLGAR — 2026-07-16

Abstract In this article, the historical development and use of the narrative therapy arising from constructivism which is derived from the postmodern paradigms of counseling and psychotherapy is evaluated. Analyzing the development of the therapeutic method and scrutinizing the steps of this process is aimed. In the last part of the study, the relation between the narrative therapy and the transpersonal psychology is investigated and is concentrated on the subject of using narrative therapy in the transpersonal practices/psycho-synthesis as an instrument. Besides, it is aimed to provide a perspective focusing on the practices used on the workers in the field and the area of use of the practice.

The Relationship Between Television And Cartoon Watching, Attitudes And Aggression In The 5th Grade Students Of Secondary School

Mehmet Zeki İLGAR, Hatice Büşra ÖZTÜRK — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between television and cartoon watching and aggression tendencies in the 5th grade students of secondary school. This research is a quantitative study in the relational screening model. The research population consists of the official secondary schools in Esenler province of İstanbul in the 2012-2013 academic year; the sample of the research consists of 300 students selected randomly from the 5th grade of 3 official schools in the province of Esenler. "Demographic Information Form" and "Questionnaire" prepared by the researcher were used for obtaining the data. During the administration process of the questionnaire conducted in the classroom environment and under teacher supervision, instruction and verbal explanations were made in order to make students understand the questionnaire correctly. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS program. One-Way-Anova Analysis was conducted to find out how much the aggressiveness of the participants differed according to the duration of TV watching and a strong statistical significance was obtained (p = .000). The aggressiveness of students who watch more than 6 hours of television was found significantly higher than the other groups. In the analysis of the answers given in participants' response to the question "What would you like to say if you have met the cartoon characters?", The aggressiveness levels of those who say "I want to behave like you in every event" are significantly higher than students who say "I am your fan" and "I want to be in your shoes every time I watch

EXAMINING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIKING OF CHILDREN LEVEL AND TEACHING MOTIVATOIN OF TEACHERS

Abdurrahman İLĞAN, Öznur CANOĞLU , Önder KARAMERT , Çağla Pınar ŞENSOY — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to describe teachers’ children love level and teaching motivation along with comparing these levels with some demographic variables and relationship of these two variables. The research is designed in correlational survey in terms of qualitative. Sample of the research consisted of 47 primary school teachers, 39 middle school teachers and 28 high school teachers, as totally 114, working in Düzce city center in 2017-2018 academic year. Data collected via using Barnett liking of children scale and teaching motivation scale. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one way anova, Pearson correlation analyses and simple linear regression technic used to analyze data. Research resulted with that teachers’ liking children level was at high level whereas their teaching motivation level was at average. Teachers’ liking children level did not differ when compared in terms of gender, age and seniority whereas differed in terms of school type teacher working. Teachers motivation level did not differed when compared in terms of gender, age, seniority and school type. Research revealed that meaningful positive and low level relationship between teachers’ liking of children and teaching motivation along with liking of children was meaningful predictor of teaching motivation of teachers.

The Impact of Activities That Develop Attention Skills of Primary School Third Grade Students on Their Mathematics Perceptions and Achievements

Cemil İNAN, Serdar ERKUŞ — 2026-07-16

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the activities conducted in the third grade to develop attention skills of the students on mathematical perception and achievement of elementary school students. The present study was a mixed-method research that utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The study was conducted with the application of 71 different activities that aimed to improve attention skills and developed by Özmen (2006) with 1198 students attending 3rd grade in 20 primary schools located in the central Diyarbakır province during 2016-2017 academic year. A total of 40 classes (20 experiment and 20 control classes) were determined in each of these 20 central elementary schools with the convenience sampling method. In Mathematics class, the topic was instructed with the support of activities that aimed to develop attention skills in the experimental group and the program specified in the curriculum was implemented in the control group. Quantitative data were obtained with the achievement test developed by the researcher in the study. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 software and the Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) reliability coefficient in the test was determined as 0.842. The qualitative data were obtained with the semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 teachers in the experimental group in the study and the data were analyzed with content analysis. Based on the study findings, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the study and control groups that favored the study group based on mathematics achievement. In other words, activity-supported mathematics classes that improved attention skills caused the students feel more competent in mathematics and succeed more. There was no significant difference between the groups based on gender. In conclusion, it could be stated that attention skills could be learned, and have a positive effect on achievements and perception in mathematics.

Critical Thinking Dispositions of Newly Graduated Guidance and Psychological Counselors

Gökhan İSKİFOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to evaluate critical thinking these positions of already graduated counselors by means of comparing their performances regarding the minimum standards set by the related literature in terms of some important variables. The current research has been carried out in the fall semester of 2017-2018 academic year and has been established by 104 Counseling and Psychological Guidance students who are already graduated from a private university’s education faculty in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, which was adapted into Turkish language and culture, has been utilized to gather data from the participants. The first thing came into the view when the results were evaluated was that none of the participants fall into the high category in terms of truth-seeking, systematicity and curiosity subscales of the CCTDI. On the other hand, only 12 participants displayed high performances in open mindedness, analyticity, critical thinking self-confidence and maturity of judgment subscales of CCTDI. It was also observed that the majority of participants’ dispositions fell into medieval category and that their performances in analytic thinking, curiosity and critical thinking self confidence were more insufficient in comparison to other dimensions of critical thinking disposition. The general performances of the participants who were voluntarily participated in the current research were observed to be low in a greater percentage and only a small percent of participants’ performances were sufficiently high. The findings showed that the participants scored significantly lower in all scales of CCTDI in comparison to the standards set by the literature for a guidance and psychological counselor. The reasons behind the findings of this research were discussed and possible solutions with suggestions were provided in this report.

Perceptions of Scientific Ethic and Honesty of Postgraduate Biology Students of Ege University

2026-07-16

In line with the great progress in bioscience observed in last decades, new approaches on bioethics were required. One of these dealing is to bring some obligatory courses on bioethics to postgraduate bioscience students. In this study, feedback of the postgraduate students of mandatory lecture of Scientific Method and Scientific Ethic (SCME) that was lectured at Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology; was collected and evaluated; in order to improve teaching and course structure, A feedback form containing 25 questions was administered to a total of 87 voluntary postgraduate students. Anonymous data about becoming aware of ethical violations, the sources of awareness, their own scientific misconduct, and witnessing scientific dishonesty during their graduate and postgraduate education were analyzed by SPSS package program. Feedback forms of the attendees indicate that, the most known academic dishonesty was not plagiarism, but falsification and fabrication, while the lowest knowledge of the participants was on salami publishing. The first source of ethical awareness of the student was other academicians, but not their own supervisors. Interestingly, the friends of the students were also noted as a major source. As being a source of awareness, scientific meetings were classified at the last order. Despite the fact that all of them had been taken two compulsory courses closely related to scientific ethic, most of the participants have been exhibited ethical misconducts, particularly plagiarism, in their diploma thesis. During their graduate and postgraduate education, witnessing to one or more scientific dishonesty was also notified by respondents. They also declared that, deviations from core ethical norms were often exhibited by academicians. It is clear that ethical perceptions of the students and academicians were not overlapped. The compulsory graduate courses that related to scientific ethic were not sufficiently effective to progress best practicalities of ethic. The role of supervisors in becoming an ethical leader must be overviewed. Based on these results, the contents and assessment methods of SCME course were redesigned and rearranged.

Proficiency Of Classroom Education Undergraduate Program For Professional Development Of Classroom Teachers

Nisa KARA, Mehmet Kaan DEMİR , Serdar ARCAGÖK , Çavuş ŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to examine the intentions of the classroom teachers for their influence on the professional development of the courses in the class education undergraduate program. In line with this aim, it was requested that classroom teachers use the information they gained from their vocational and field knowledge courses in their undergraduate programs in their professional lives, their opinions about the course processing methods in the program and they were asked to suggest course proposals related to the undergraduate program. The "Case Science" method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. working group of the research working in different provinces in Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region and tasks with a maximum of 5 years of experience in 30 (15 male, 15 female) constitute classroom teachers. The research data were obtained by semi-structured and non-directive interview technique. The obtained data are analyzed by two data encoders and the codes and themes are separated. The obtained data was also modeled by the NVivo qualitative data analysis program. As a result of the research, it was determined that the class teachers found that the courses they had taken in the undergraduate program were inadequate and that the methods of the courses were theoretically weighted. It has emerged that class teachers have expressed views on both the positive and negative aspects of the adequacy of the courses of field knowledge. Opinions about vocational knowledge courses are negative. Class teachers have suggested different types and types of courses that they think should be included in the Bachelor's Degree Program. It was found that the reasons for the course proposals they gave were parallel to the problems they lived in predominantly the places where they worked.

The Effect of Guided Reading Method on Primary School Students’ Listening Comprehension Levels and Their Fluent Reading Skills

Nuri KARASAKALOĞLU, Seda SARAÇLI ÇELİK — 2026-07-16

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effectiveness level of guided reading method in improving the primary school third grade students’ listening comprehension and reading levels. The study was designed as an action research, which is of the qualitative research models. The sample group of the research was composed of 3 third grade students with fluent reading problems studying in Gemlik Leman Alptekin Primary School in Konak District of İzmir Province. As the data collection tools, “Error Analysis Inventory”, “Reading Texts” and “Voice Recordings of the Students’ Reading Texts” were used in the research to measure the students' reading levels and “Listening Comprehension Scale” was used to measure their listening skills. “Guided Reading” method was applied to the students for 8 weeks, one reading text each week, for a total of 32 hours. Throughout the application, while the students’ reading skills were observed by recording their voice readings in each study, the text evaluation was performed each week to measure their reading comprehension levels. At the end of the study, when the pre-test and post-test results were compared, it was revealed that after guided reading practices, the students reading comprehension levels increased from “Anxiety Level” to “Teaching Level” and that reformations were detected in their reading deficiencies; while their pre-test scores were 56,44%, 67%, and 52,48%, respectively, their post-test scores were 85,48%, 86,48%, and 72,28%, respectively, which corresponded to a significant increase. As a result, it was revealed that guided reading contributed to the improvement of the reading, reading comprehension and listening comprehension skills of the students with reading difficulties. Besides, another benefit provided by studying with the students apart from observing the effect in the research problems is the improvement of the students' writing with one-to-one practices and guidance of the researcher, the improvement of their answer writing skills according to the question asked and the significant improvement in their assessment papers related to correct use of language. In addition to this, while the class teachers of the students indicated that there was an improvement in the students’ reading during the process, they were no longer excited about reading, they did not skip the words, they raised fingers to read, they had less difficulty in reading longer words and easily understood what they read, the parents of the students stated that the study process was really beneficial for the students, that they could not make much contribution to the students in this regard, and that performing such studies by the teachers would lead the students to be more successful.

A FOUR SQUARE WRITING METHOD IN TURKISH LANGUAGE AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: AN ACTION RESEARCH ON B2 LEVEL

Halit KARATAY, Ozan İPEK , Hüseyin KARABUĞA — 2026-07-16

In this study, the effect of the Four-Square Writing Method to the writing skills and self-efficacy of the B2 level students who learned Turkish was examined. The study is designed as an action research. Research participants are 11 foreign students who participated in the writing club of BAİBU TÖMER. A written expression study was conducted to determine the writing problems of the students who participated in the research. According to this, it was determined that the students have problems of invention, planning and expression. A 7-week action plan has been designed and implemented to solve these problems. In order to enhance the action plan and improve its efficiency, student diaries, semi-structured interviews and teacher observations were used after each application. The "Composition Evaluation Form" and the "Writing Skills for Foreigners self-efficacy Scale" were used to identify written expression problems and to monitor changes in self-efficacy perceptions. A descriptive analysis of the qualitative data of the study was made. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test statistic was used in the analysis of the pre-test data related to the application. According to the pre-test data obtained from the application, it was determined that FSWM significantly improved students' written expression skills. In the same way, FSWM has developed especially the invention, planning and expression skills in written texts of students. It has also improved students' self-efficacy perceptions of written expression. Students opinions and teachers observations on implementation support these findings. It can be said that this method is functional, useful and fun in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Teachers can use this method at the middle and advanced levels of language teaching.

The Effect of Task Based Activities on Academic Achievements and Motivations of Turkish Language and Culture Lesson Students in Switzerland

Gökhan KAYIR, Asım ARI — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the achievements, interests and motivations of the students of Turkish Language and Culture Lesson in Luzern/Zug, Switzerland. These achievements were prepared from Turkish Language Culture Curriculum (1-3 Classes) , Zurich Frame Curriculum for Native Languages and Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (A1 Level). Before the application of the study, activities for 11 weeks were prepared. Study group consists of 17 students in Luzern and Zug Kantons. As a pretest and posttest “ A1 Level Turkish Language and Culture Lesson Achievement Test” was given to the students, after the study semi-constructed interviews were made with students and parents. The results showed that both groups showed success although a meaningful difference was found on behalf of experimental group. Students of both groups showed similar attitudes towards the lesson, while experimental group studens were more interested towards activities during the lessons.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADER MEMBER EXCHANGE AND ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST

Semra KIRANLI GÜNGÖR — 2026-07-16

Leader-member exchange, unlike traditional leadership theories, is based on the relationship between the leader and its subordinate, rather than the characteristics of the leader. Organizational trust, however, is an important phenomenon in the success of all organizations regarding creating a positive intra-organizational environment. Upon examining the literature on the topic, it is observed that there has been an increase in the research studies conducted on leader-member exchange and organizational trust in recent years, but there are merely a limited number of studies which involve in both issues at once. In this study; the relationship between leader-member exchange and organizational trust is examined on teachers. In line with this objective, a personal information form, “Multidimensional Leader-Member Exchange 12” scale developed by Liden and Maslyn (1998), and data collection tool which consists of “Organizational Trust” scale developed by Omorov (2009) are applied to totally 336 volunteering teachers employed at Anatolian high schools located in a province of the Central Anatolian Region.The evaluation of the obtained data is realized using SPSS 22.0 computer software. Correlation analysis is utilized to determine the relationship between leader-member exchange and organizational trust, while the regression analysis is carried out to examine the impacts of leader-member exchange on organizational trust. As a result of the conducted analyses; it is determined that the rise in leader-member exchange (general) increases the teachers’ levels of organizational trust. It is stated that professional respect, as one of the sub-dimensions of leader-member exchange, increases organizational trust (general) and trust toward the organization, while affect and loyalty sub-dimensions increase the level of trust toward the manager. It is found that the other sub-dimensions of leader-member exchange have no significant impacts on organizational trust and its sub-dimensions.

Personality Traits As Predictor Of Teachers’ Occupational Commitment

Oğuzhan KIRDÖK, Hacı Arif DOĞANÜLKÜ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the five factor personality traits of teachers are predictive of their occupational commitment and also to compare the occupational commitment of teachers according to their gender. The study group of the research is composed of 259 teachers who work in public schools in Niğde city center. To obtain data in the study, the Occupational Commitment Scale and the Five Factor Personality Scale were used. For data analysis, t test, multiple linear regression analysis and pearson moment correlation analysis were performed. As a result of the Pearson Moments correlation analysis, emotional imbalance, conscientiousness, experiential openness and extroversion personality traits were found to be related to occupational commitment. As a result of multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that the five factor personality traits were 22% of the occupational commitment. The most important predictor of occupational commitment is emotional imbalance, followed by conscientiousness and experiential openness. Extroversion and agreeableness personality traits were not predictive of occupational commitment. According to the findings obtained in the study, it was concluded that the occupational commitment of the teachers did not differ according to their genders.

Investigation of the Leisure Time Management Levels of Individuals Who Use Park and Recreation Areas

Abdurrahman KIRTEPE, Eyyup YILDIRIM — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to investigate the level of leisure time management of individuals who use park and recreation areas of the Municipality in the center of the city of Elazığ. The population of the study consists of male and female individuals who visit those places while the sample of the study contains 110 males and 74 females, who were chosen by the random sampling method. In the data collection, the Leisure Time Management Scale, which was developed by Wei-Ching Wang, Chin-Hsung Kao, Tzung-Cheng Huan, Chung-Chi Wu (2011) and later adapted into Turkish by Beyza Merve Akgül Suat Karaküçük (2015). The scale consists of 5 subscales. The first section of the scale covers the demographic information with 5 matters while the second section includes goal setting and technique with 5 matters followed by the third section’s with 3 matters of evaluation and the fourth section’s free time attitude with 3 matters, ending with the fifth section’s 3 matters aimed at scheduling. The validity and the reliability studies of the scale were conducted by Beyza Merve Akgül Suat Karaküçük, and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient value was determined to be 0.83 as well as the test-retest reliability of 0.86. In the data evaluation and determining the calculated values, SPSS 24 package software was used. For the interpretation of the data, the independent samples t-test for two sample comparisons and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) for multiple sample comparisons were conducted, yielding the results presented in the tables. The level of significance for revealing whether a difference existed between the groups was determined to be p<0.05. In conclusion, it was determined that there was no significant difference between the subscales of the scale and the gender variable of the individuals who used park and recreational areas while significant differences were determined between the subscales of the scale and each of the variables of level of income, amount of leisure time and difficulty in making use of their spare time. These differences revealed that the out of the individuals who use these areas, the ones with sufficient amount of time were more effective at making use of their spare time while the ones with high and moderate levels of income did not have the necessary scheduling for their spare time, and the participants who sometimes or never have difficulties in making use of their spare times determined what they could do in their spare time within a schedule.

Analysis of Domain Expert Opinion are in line with the Harezmi Education Model Pilot Process in Turkey

Erol KOÇOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Increasing the contribution to basic education and secondary education in Turkey of computer science, to determine the principles of how to teach in an environment of various age groups and different backgrounds, mathematics interdisciplinary perspective of computer science, science, for our country and how to draw the integration could frame with other areas such as social sciences industry 4.0 and to contribute to the education system through the application of sample lessons and plans to develop the Computer Science course and the Curriculum in the context of the 65th Government's 2016 Year Action Plan No. 130 (Executions and Reforms) title; The target of the implementation of the mosque education model in all schools of our country has been determined. The main aim of this study, supported by Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under the normal research project, is to determine the opinions of the field experts on the effectiveness of the model and to evaluate them with the Envivo package program and to propose the modeling proposals. Working group members were selected from the academicians who have the necessary competencies in the model of mazes. In order to get opinions about the model through the semi-structured interview form from the members of the study group, a few questions prepared by the researcher were taken by expert opinion and the answers given to the questions were evaluated by Envivo 11 package program and subjected to content analysis. As a result of the study, it was determined that the academicians who constitute the working group (field experts) had different perceptions about the subject. The fact that field experts have different perceptions about the topic is important in determining the nature of this work.

Evaliation of In-Classroom Transitions by Preschool Teacher Candidates’

Aysel KORKMAZ, Aysel ESEN ÇOBAN , Mine KOYUNCU ŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to determine the opinions of prospective preschool teachers candidate about in-classroom transitions. The research was based on the qualitative research method and the case study was chosen as the research design. When the study group was identified, criterion sampling method was used in this study. The basic criteria, determined by the researchers in this study, was that participants should have taken a teaching practice course in early childhood education department during the fall semester of 2017-2018 and participants continue to practice teaching in a preschool classroom. The study group is composed of 11 preschool teachers (2 males and 9 females). As data collection method interview method was used. The interviews were conducted face-to-face by the researchers and recorded on a voice tape. The data obtained as a result of the interviews were analyzed according to the content analysis technique and the themes, sub-themes and codes were extracted as a result of the analysis. Four themes were identified and these are "the importance of in-classroom transitions", "using strategies of in-classroom transitions", "problems of in-classroom transitions" and "solutions to problems". As a result, it has been determined that the vast majority of preschool teacher candidates place emphasis on in-classroom transitions in terms of children, teachers, and programs. In addition, it was determined that they use the most audiovisual strategies in the types of in-classroom transitions between activities, venues, and staff. However, they have encountered problems originating from the child and staff in in-classroom transitions, and it was determined that they make a suggestion for training and practice to solve these problems.

Evaluation of Professional Definition and Classification

Bahadır KÖKSALAN, Hikmet Y. CELKAN — 2026-07-16

Profession, within the social consciousness, is a situation that occurs as a result of people’s living together in society, as a necessity of living together and at the same time as a result of both coming to an agreement and performing the job sharing. From time to time, from the traditional communities to modern societies people have formed professional differentiation under the consciousness of being a community. With the emergence of the modernization process including the industrialization and technological capabilities as the indispensables of daily life, some professions have been eliminated, on the other hand the others have been included in social life. As a natural consequence of the development and progress under the influence of innovations and needs, the division of labor and specialization have led to a visible increase by all segments of the society in terms of the quantitative necessity and qualitative differentiation of professions. Difficulties have arisen in drawing the boundaries between the professions and accordingly classification among themselves, and as a result, different ways have been used to solve this condition. The occupational classification is important because it performs a compass function for the choice of individuals in order to solve this complex situation. This study focuses on the definition and classification of occupations. In this study, there is more than one criterion to perform the classification, the variation of criteria and perspectives change in accordance with the time, and the study is based on documentary analysis method. And these variables bring about the limitations of the research.

An Analysis of Demographic Variability of Helper Levels of Learning at the Learning of Secondary School Students

Melek KÖRÜKCÜ, Salih USLU — 2026-07-16

Asking for help; It is a problem solving strategy that enables students to take active part in the learning process and support them to find solutions to the academic difficulties they face. In this study, the level of asking for help in the learning process of secondary school students; The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the gender, the level of education they study, the level of education of the parents, and whether or not they receive help in terms of study are different. The survey model was conducted ın the central district of a province in the Central Anatolia Region,and in the fall semester of 2017-2018 academic year. 243 students in the classroom. The data of the study were collected by the Ö Personal Information Form ”created by the researchers and” The Help Request Scale in the Learning Process (HRSLP) “developed by Koç (2013). Research data were analyzed with IBM SPSS 24.0 program. IBM SPSS 24.0 program was used in the analysis of the data obtained. As a result of the study, it was found that the level of asking for help in the learning process of middle school students was above the average in requesting superficial assistance, followed by this dimension, avoidance and help for effective assistance sub-dimensions. In the research, when the level of asking for help in the learning process of secondary school students was examined by gender, it was determined that there was a difference in favor of female students. There was no significant difference according to mother and father education level variable. In the class level variable, it was found that there was a difference in favor of the secondary school students who are studying in the 8th grade in the dimension of effective assistance. In addition, various suggestions were made in accordance with the research findings

Analogies Used in Providing Basic Behaviors in Violin Education

Zafer KURTASLAN, Melike KARA — 2026-07-16

In this research, analogies used by violin educators in order to provide basic behaviors in violin education are identified. As there are many abstract concepts in violin education, verbal examples given by educator to transform abstract concepts into perceptible ideas in student are important. For this reason, analogy method referred frequently in educational sciences in materializing abstract concepts is used also in violin education. According to the results of the research, analogies used by violin educators for providing basic behaviors are oriented to make body’s natural posture adapt to the instrument according to the technique of it. In addition to this, it is seen that violin educators use way more analogies oriented to bow holding. The research is descriptive and evaluates the situation. Qualitative research method is used in the research.

An Analysis of Scale Practicing Behaviors of Students of the Music Education Departments in Education Faculties

Serdar MAMAÇ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of the present study is to discuss the way that students who are studying to be music teachers in the music departments of education faculties behave when doing their daily scale practice, the time they spend on daily scale practice, and the exercises that they do instead of scales. The study will also examine whether practicing scales everyday effects musical performance, whether students improve their control over their instruments as a result, the extent to which practicing scales has benefits, the behavior of practicing scales in distinct tempos and variations, and whether practicing in distinct tempos and variations improves their playing. This study also examines whether there is a significant relationship between the participants’ daily scale practicing behaviors and their scores on playing examinations. The relationship between the career goals of participants and their daily scale practicing behaviors was also examined. The study is a descriptive study. The study group is 128 music teacher candidates studying at Gazi University, Gazi Faculty of Education Music Department, and Marmara University, Atatürk Faculty of Education Music Department during the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. A researcher-developed “Scale Practicing Questionnaire” and a “Personal Information Form” were used for collecting data. The results showed that a large percentage of the participants do not practice scales every day, and prefer to practice etudes instead of scales. The results of the study also show that there is no significant link between the playing examination scores of participants and their scale practicing behaviors. On the other hand, the results showed that those participants who practice scales every day are those who are aiming to be academics in the future. The results are discussed in the light of the literature and various suggestions are presented.

Vocabulary and Vocabulary Teaching in Foreign Language

Muhammet MEMİŞ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to present detailed theoretical knowledge about the subjects of vocabulary, word knowledge and vocabulary teaching which are related to word itself as a nation that is building block of the language and the basis of language skills in language education and teaching, and to make various suggestions about the points to take into consideration and to be done in vocabulary teaching activities while teaching foreign language. In this direction, a broad literature search was carried out and the knowledge obtained from this research has been transformed to suggestions which may be useful for vocabulary teaching in the foreign language teaching process, as taking researcher’s own experiences in education. This study contains knowledge associated with vocabulary, receptive and productive vocabulary, word knowledge and its dimensions, the purpose of vocabulary teaching, direct and indirect vocabulary teaching methods and the advantages and limitations of these methods, points that one needs to be aware of during vocabulary teaching and strategies and steps that can be used and followed by teachers as explaining the meaning dimensions of a word in foreign language teaching. It is believed that these theoretical knowledge and suggestions provided here will be useful to both researchers and language teachers.

School Expectations of High School Students

Ahmed Emin OSMANOĞLU, Ruken YAŞA — 2026-07-16

The purpose of the study is to determine what high school students expect from their schools. Within this scope, it is aimed to determine expectations about administration, teachers, course, material, physical space, uniforms and canteen. The research is structured by interview techniques in accordance with qualitative research procedures. Participants of the study were 15 students studying at TBMM Foundation Bingöl Science High School. 6 participants were female and 9 were male. Participants of the study were selected according to the stratified sampling method. Accordingly, one or two students from each class in high school were selected. The survey's data collection method is a fully structured interview technique. The interview form includes administration, teachers, lectures, teaching materials, physical space, clothes and canteen categories. The data analysis method of the research is content analysis. The answers were coded according to the theme, categorized according to the relation between codes and themes. In the research, it is important to make the learning easier by making the curriculum more informative by noting with the curriculum, by making the discipline lighter, by giving more attention to the students, by regulating social activities, by allowing civilian clothes to be treated fairly, by teachers, by laboratories, to be active and energetic, to be middle-aged teachers, to speak fluent Turkish, to be entertained in political matters, to be humorous, to have a sense of humor, to be able to use the tools of visualization during presentation, to provide class dominance, , lessons do not start before the ninth morning, increase in breathing periods, a day on weekdays the results were obtained in order to make social activities outside the city, to simplify the program, to increase the teaching materials, to organize trips for different sightseeing trips, and to make physical arrangements for sports, arts and gardens.

EXAMİNATİON OF THE SAFETY OF CHİLDREN'S PLAYGROUNDS: THE CASE OF ANKARA AND SAMSUN

Hatice ÖZASLAN, Gülümser GÜLTEKİN AKDUMAN — 2026-07-16

Playing games is a natural activity for children and crucial for their development. Playgrounds are places where children meet their play needs and discharge. Such mistakes as the selection of wrong location and floor material, and lack of maintenance of equipment can cause fatal accidents in playgrounds. Playgrounds, which have an important place in children's lives, must be designed in a safe way to protect children from hazards and accidents, and right materials must be used and they must be durable. Playgrounds must be given due importance in order to support the positive development of children. For this reason, the main aim of this study is to examine the safety of playgrounds in the cities of Ankara and Samsun. The general screening model was used in the study. The study sample consists of 150 children's playgrounds located in the districts of Çankaya, Yenimahalle and Gölbaşı of Ankara and the districts of İlkadım and Atakum of Samsun. Data were collected using a checklist developed by the researchers. The checklist was filled in by making observations in the playgrounds. Findings related to floor types, materials, number of broken materials, general rules about parks, swings, slides and seesaws were examined and tabulated. Results show that the majority of children's playgrounds are safe but that there are some that do not meet the safety criteria stated above. Results indicate that children's playgrounds are not checked periodically after they are put into service.

Specifying Factors Affecting Willingness of Teachers for Being School Administrators

Fatih Mutlu ÖZBİLEN, Gökhan GÜNAY — 2026-07-16

In this research, it is aimed to identify the factors affecting the teachers’ willingness of becoming school administrator and to offer solution proposals for problematic issues of the system in the light of these factors. To determine the teachers’ willingness of being school administrator has an important role for having a school culture adopted by all the stuff in the future and for increasing school administrators’ consciousness of their tasks and responsibilities. To realize this purpose, 38 primary school teachers who work at primary schools in Esenyurt/Istanbul during 2013-2014 academic year formed the working group of the research. The research was formed by using qualitative approach and teachers’ willingness and unwillingness of becoming school administrator was measured by structured interview forms including indirective questions prepared by researchers. Interview form includes two different open-ended questions: the first is for their willingness or unwillingness for becoming school administrator and the other is for their reasons. To analyse teachers’ answers to the questions, content analysis method was used and the categories formed were tabulated as percent and frequency. As the result, with %68,42 percent of teachers stated that they are unwilling to become a school administrator. Their reasons are mostly insufficient satiety in their profession, long working hours and much responsibility. %31,58 percent of teachers stated that they are willing to become a school administrator in the majority as compared to the other answers because they have already experience about management, they think their own communication skills are high, there are career steps in management and they think it provides professional satiety.

Examination of the goals in the Life Science Lesson 1. Class Curriculum in terms of values

Munise DURAN, Esra SOLAK — 2026-07-16

All societies have unique and universal moral values. One of the developmental tasks of a person is to live in harmony with society. For this reason, mankind endeavors to display appropriate behaviors by adopting customs and tradition of the society in which they live. One of the tasks of education is to protect its existence by transferring existing values. In this study; In the 2017-2018 education year, it was investigated which ones are related to the root values stated in the curriculum of the Life Science lesson curriculum implemented in the first grade. For this purpose, the following questions were searched in the research; What are the gains in primary education first class life lesson curriculum units related to the root values in the Life Science lesson Curriculum? Which of the root values specified in the program are most frequently highlighted? Which units are the values concentrated on? The model of the research is a case study in the qualitative research. The data obtained from the research were made by document analysis method. The study was carried out in the "2018 Life Science" curriculum (Primary School 1, 2 and 3. The study was conducted with the values of "justice, friendship, honesty, self - control, patience, respect, love, responsibility, patriotism and benevolence", which are the root values determined in the "2018 Life Science Curriculum (Primary School 1, 2 and 3 Classes)", and with Achievements in the first class Life Science lesson Curriculum. According to the obtained findings, the following results were achieved ; While the most emphasized value in the program is the value of responsibility , the least emphasized values are justice, friendship, tolerance, saving and conscious consumer values.Also; unit in which the most values are located is the "Life at our school" unit, while the unit in which the least values are located is the "Healthy Life" unit.

Awareness level and applicability of '' School Based Family Counseling '' model: A qualitative research

Mehmet Ali ÖZDEMİR, Seda AKSU — 2026-07-16

School psychological counselors’ encounter ratio with children affected by negative conditions in their family increases. Traditional school psychological counseling services have failed to satisfy family based problems and awareness in this subject has increased. Therefore, “school based family counseling (SBFC)” services which uses family counseling models arose in the schools. Purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate awareness about “school based family counseling (SBFC)” model which is constituted from integration of school counseling and family counseling and applicability of SBFC in Turkey by using opinions of related people (school counselor, school administrator, parents and branch teacher). In the study, phenomenologic design which is one of qualitative research method was used. Working group was consisted of 5 school administrators, 3 school counselors, 3 teachers, 2 parents. Data were collected by semi-structured interview questionnaire and in analysis section content analysis method was used. According to findings, participants indicated that students’ problems should be considered by associating family and levels of competence of school counselors’ working with family is considerably low. Moreover, participats pointed out that it is possible to use SBFC model in Turkey and this model has important benefits. In accordance with findings, suggestions about improving awareness about school based family counseling and its applicability were presented.

The Research of the Relationship between Epistemological Beliefs and Teaching Styles of Primary School Teachers

İlke ÖZDEMİR, M. Cihangir DOĞAN , Bülent ÖZDEN — 2026-07-16

In this study, it has been aimed to determine the level of significance of the epistemological beliefs, teaching style levels and the relationship between them in primary school teachers. In this respect, it was sought answer for the questions of ''What is the level of teachers' epistemological beliefs?”, “What is the level of teaching style of teachers?'', ''Is there a meaningful relationship between teachers' epistemological beliefs and teaching styles?” and “Is epistemological beliefs of teachers a meaningful predictor about theirs teaching styles?". The research was conducted with a total of 242 primary school teachers, 146 female and 96 male. This study is a descriptive research carried out using the relational screening model which is one of the general survey models. In the study, Personal Information Form, Epistemological Belief Scale and Grasha Teaching Style Scale were used as data collection tools to determine epistemological beliefs. The obtained data were analyzed using the Spss22 program. According to the results of the analysis, the class teachers participating the research think that learning ability is improvable to the extend the ability of the person. In the results of these analysis, it has been considered that the most preferred teaching style is the 'guide' style and the least preferred teaching style is the 'authoritarian' teaching style by the teachers.

A Quantitative Case Study Regarding the Uniform and Hierarchical System Focused on Maritime Education: The Case of Turkey

Ünal ÖZDEMİR — 2026-07-16

Maritime education in Turkey is conducted with a uniformed education system, which has specific rules and based on historical traditions and customs. Maritime education is an educational branch that requires discipline and should be conducted within the international standards determined by International Maritime Organization (IMO). Furthermore, maritime education follows a different structure and system when compared to education processes in other professions The present study attempts to evaluate the contribution of the system to the education, exigence of the system, related problems, psychological aspects and recommendations for a feasible solution. An integrated model approach that included multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods was developed in the conducted analysis. The correlation and the structure between the factors that constitute the current problem was analyzed with DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method in the study. Furthermore, in order to identify and rank the significance of the alternatives that can provide a viable solution to existing problems, the fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was utilized. Based on study findings, K3 (Uniform and hierarchical system complicates the adaptation to university life and prevents socialization) was determined as the most important criterion, while A6 (Assessment, regulation and standardization the rules concerning the uniform and the hierarchical system with an application similar to seafarers, training and testing directive and other maritime education topics) alternative was identified as the most significant alternative.

Awareness of Upper Cognitive Reading Strategies of Turkish Education Students

Mehtap ÖZDEN — 2026-07-16

What, when, how, how much and so on. Life is both easier and more successful for individuals who know that they need to do it. This is the case in reading. The ability to make conscious readings requires conscious reading. The conscious reader is the reader who can use the upper cognitive reading strategies. It is important that the students of Turkish education who are expected to give education in this regard when they start their education life and begin their professional life in the graduate education phase can use the metacognitive reading strategies. Work on the upper level of cognitive awareness of a university education in the west of Turkish teachers' Turkey is determined. Quantitative research method was used in the study. The data were collected using the "Reading Strategies Pervasive Awareness Inventory" developed by Mokhtari and Reichard (2002) and adapted to Turkish by Öztürk (2012) and validity and reliability studies were conducted. It was determined that the Turkish teacher candidates showed no difference in the classroom-changing general reading strategies in metacognitive reading strategies while they differed in the sub-dimensions of problem solving strategies and supporting reading strategies. It has been understood that the gender variable has no effect on the awareness of metacognitive reading strategies. It is understood that Turkish education students' awareness of reading strategies has increased with the influence of class level, especially in the third grade with Understanding Techniques I: Reading Education Course.

Expectations and Recommendations of the Classroom Teacher Candidates who Have and Haven’t Taken Turkish Teaching Course

Emine Gül ÖZENÇ, Harun DURSUN — 2026-07-16

The Turkish course which is in each lesson, is a basic course that is at the beginning of all education faculty programs which the teacher candidates meet in the first grade as Turkish Language I and II (In old curriculum Turkish I and Turkish II). This course is followed in the third grade by the "Turkish Teaching" lesson at the instructional level of the teacher candidates of the classroom teacher candidates. This research is also directed to the "Turkish Teaching" course in the third year undergraduate program of the class teacher candidates. According to this, the expectations and proposals of the students who took and did not take this course were worth to be investigated and the questions were asked. The study group of this research, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, consists of 106 teacher candidates studying in 2016-2017 education year. According to this, 56 (42 girls, 14 boys) students who did not take the Turkish teaching course and 50 (45 girls, 5 boys) students constitute this course group. It is given in research; through a structured interview form including personal information. For this, two questions were asked to the prospective teachers about the expectations and suggestions, and the number of students at the beginning was reduced to 106 with the number of students being missing, half of the questions being written or leaving blank. The research was conducted with qualitative research methodology (phenomenology). Then the data was subjected to content analysis. Accordingly, code, category and theme were created. According to this, the summary of the results are: The students who took the Turkish teaching course and did not take the Turkish teaching course both want to have the ability to use Turkish properly. In addition, the general expectation of students who have taken or haven’t taken this course is to become ready for teaching. Classroom teacher candidates want to know how to transfer Turkish lessons to their students. Most of the students who haven’t taken the course want to be equipped with this course. This expectation is also seen in the students who have taken the course. Students who haven’t taken the course want to be given the theoretical knowledge and practice in order that the course can be comprehended with full meaning. In this direction, the students who have taken the course want to have the same theoretical and practical narration.

Examining the Relationships Between Perceived Emotional Abuse and Forgiveness and Subjective Well-Being Levels of University Students

Gülden ÖZTÜRK SERTER — 2026-07-16

Abuse is a phenomenon that can be experienced in every society and at any level of development regardless of race, religion and culture. Emotional abuse, which is one of the most difficult types of abuse to be understood and revealed, can have devastating consequences. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships of emotional abuse, which is known to be related to various factors, with the subjective well-being and forgiveness of the individuals. The study group consists of 390 university students between the ages of 18-30. The Perceived Emotional Abuse Scale was used to measure the emotional abuse levels of the participants, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale was used to measure their forgiveness levels and the Positive and Negative Emotional State Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale were used to measure their level of subjective well-being. T-test, Mann Whitney U test, One Way ANOVA test, Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were used to analyze the data obtained. Findings of the study showed that students' level of forgiveness, well-being and perceived emotional abuse did not differ significantly with respect to their age. It was determined that, while the levels of forgiveness and subjective well-being did not differ with respect to gender, the level of perceived emotional abuse differed. The correlation results of the study showed that there was a positive and low correlation between the sub-dimensions of forgiveness and subjective well-being. The results of linear regression analysis showed that perceived emotional abuse was important variable predicting subjective well-being and self-forgiveness. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that self-forgiveness and forgiveness of a situation were important variables predicting subjective well-being. These findings were discussed in the light of relevant literature and various recommendations.

Scale of Interest of the Problems of Foreign Students: Validity and Reliability Study

Faruk POLATCAN, Kürşad Çağrı BOZKIRLI , Onur ER — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to perform the validity and reliability of the scale of interest of the problems of foreign students developed in order to determine the interest of university students in terms of problems of foreign students. The study group consisted of a total of 405 teacher candidates including 240 females and 165 males studying at Kafkas University in the academic year 2017-2018. As a result of the literature review performed by the researchers and the student opinions received, 33 draft items were prepared. A scale form of 30 items was obtained with expert opinions and a pilot practice. The scale form has been applied to teacher candidates. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed in order to determine the validity of the data obtained from teacher candidates. As a result of the analyzes, a 21-item structure consisting of 4 factors which described 63.78% of the total variance of the scale and named as “interest in cultural issues”, “interest in socioeconomic problems”, “interest in extracurricular problems” and “interest in problems in class”, was formed. The adaptation of this structure was found to be at a good level (χ2 / sd= 2.55, RMSEA= 0.06, CFI= 0.93, GFI= 0.90, NFI= 0.90). The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients calculated to determine the reliability of the scale was found 0.93 for the overall scale, 0.89 for the first factor, 0.80 for the second factor, 0.87 for the third factor and 0.86 for the fourth factor. In the direction of findings from the data of the study, it can be stated that the Scale of Interest in the Problems of Foreign Students is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Ways of Integration and Cooperation in the Field of Teaching Arabic to Non-Native Speakers Turkish Public Universities as a Model

Mahmoud QADDOM — 2026-07-16

This study discusses ways of integration and cooperation in the field of teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers in Turkish public universities, and the impact of this on improving the performance of these universities in teaching Arabic. The tool used in this research is a questionnaire prepared by the researcher for this study. İt aims at finding out the most important ways to put the course of teaching Arabic in Turkish universities on the right track. It also aims to analyze the reasons that prevent cooperation and integration between these universities. Unlike previous studies, the present study is considered to be one of the fewest studies which investigates the coordination and functional aspects in the field of teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers, while most studies in this field dealt with the elements of the learning process: the teacher, the learner and the curriculum..., and the language elements and skills, the problems of teaching Arabic and its issues. The present study is dedicated to discuss ways of integration and cooperation in the field of teaching Arabic to non-speakers in Turkish public universities. This research aims at: 1- Monitoring the reality of teaching Arabic language at Turkish public universities. 2- Identifying the most prominent ways to improve the performance of these universities in teaching Arabic 3- Identifying the most important problems that prevent the cooperation and integration between these universities 4- Coming up with a primary initiative that serves the teaching of the Arabic language and enhances its presence and encourages its acquisition in the Republic of Turkey.

AZERBAİJAN WOMEN'S EDUCATİON: HİSTORY AND MODERNİTY

Shanay QULIYEVA KABAOĞLU — 2026-07-16

A set of results is reached enduringly the summary of the women education’s short history in Azerbaijan. Women’s material-economic and moral cultural situation, social status, available stereotypes in the society were taking effect on their opportunities of having education. At the same time, as long as the eras change the attitude for women has slowly started to change. If we get to the point of the issues that the annihilation of women’s lack of education in the 20’s and 30’s of 20th Century and women’s orientation to the social production. We can mention that women has participated to the social production actively after the Second World War (WW2). It is confirmed that religious ideology, muslim psychology and sharia is essentially affecting women’s social situation. Soviet states’ formation brought out some changes at this point.Even if the level of women’s participation in social production was increasing, obscurantism, superstitious, the new structure’s management methods were affecting people’s life, women’s education and professional level negatively. Azerbaijan’s obtain of independence in the last quarter of the 20th century has caused the arising and formation of new opportunities and settings. In the independence years, Azerbaijan has entered in the sustainable improvement period, fair chances has provided to the improvement of democracy, in the government; It accelerated women’s ,who are the legislation guarantee in economic, social, cultural fields, social integration, it increased women’s affect and role in variety social fields. Even in the hardest times, women’s problems are not being forgotten by government and the necessary preventions for these problems are being taken. In the middle of 1990’s, the socio-economic stability has provided, new opportunities has arised to women activity increase. It has made a big contribution on women activity increase in country’s socio-political life, special judgements and instructions that are for obtain of women’s rights and annihilation of prejudiced attitude for women.

The Predictive Power of Just in World Belief, Hope, Positive and Negative Affect, Perceived Social Support for Meaning in Life

Ahmet SAPANCI, Muhammed BAHTİYAR — 2026-07-16

This study examined prediction effects of belief in a just world, trait hope, positive negative effect and social support on meaning in life. For this purpose, belief in a just world scale, trait hope scale, PANAS, perceived social support scale and meaning in life scale were utilized to 323 teachers in training. Independent t-test and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that independent variables accounted 13% of the variance explained in the dependent variables (R = .361, R2 = .130, F (4, 318) = 11.898, p = .000). Closer inspection of regression analysis showed that belief in a just world (β = .183; p < .01) contributed most to the model, flowing trait hope (β = .152; p < .05), positive negative effect (β = .234; p < .05), and social support (β = .120; p < .05).

Relationships Between the Levels of Learned Resourcefulness and Ego States of University Students

Safiye SARICI BULUT — 2026-07-16

This research aims to examine the relationship between the level of learned resourcefulness ego state of the university students. During the university period, when many developmental tasks were undertaken it seemed that the students practiced several strategies to cope with the stresses they experienced. These strategies denoted as learned resourcefulness include activities such as utilizing various self-instructions and cognition, and using problem-solving strategies. Thus, individuals immediately acquires the skills such as postponing satisfaction and organizing intrinsic events. It emphasizes the importance of studying the relationship between learned resourcefulness and ego state as that can be assessed as one of the factors influencing students' academic and personal social development. A total of 496 university students in their first and fourth year (257 males and 239 females) attending Ataturk University and Uludag University participated in the research. In the research conducted with descriptive study design, the Rosenbaum Learned Resourcefulness Scale, the Giessen Test- Self Form, and the personal information form developed by the investigator was used to collect data. In the data analysis, stepwise regression analysis was used. When we look at the findings of the research, it can be said that there are low to moderate relations between the independent variables and learned resourcefulness as the dependent variable. Positive social response and control have contributed positively to explain learned resourcefulness, and being reserved shows that it contributes negatively. Accordingly, it has been seen that the learned resourcefulness level of individuals increased with the increase of sub-test 1 and sub-test 3 scores, and that the learned resourcefulness level decreased with the increase of sub-test 5 scores.

Printed Books or E-Books? What Do Turkish Teacher Candidates Think About?

Bünyamin SARIKAYA — 2026-07-16

Rapid advancements in information technology have affected every aspect of our lives dramatically. We can detect the traces of these advancements in all kinds of everyday activities that we can conceive of (behavior, fashion, eating and drinking habits, etc.). One of the areas that has been significantly affected and changed by technology is reading skills. Moreover, printed books, which have played a central role in intellectual civilization for centuries, are gradually replaced by e-books along with technological advancements. The aim of this study was to determine pre-service Turkish teachers’ views of printed and e-books. For this purpose, this study sought to identify whether or not pre-service Turkish teachers read e-books or prefer them to printed books and whether or not they think that e-books will replace printed books completely in the future. This study also investigated Turkish teachers’ views of positive and negative aspects of printed and e-books, and the effect of printed and e-books on the development of reading skills. Study sample consisted of 150 senior students of the Department of Turkish Teaching of Muş Alparslan University, Yüzüncü Yıl University and Atatürk University in the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. The theoretical approach of this descriptive study was based on a screening model. Data were collected using a “Scale on Pre-service Turkish Teachers’ Views of Printed and E-books” developed by the researcher. Data were analyzed descriptively. 54% of participants stated that they prefer e-books to printed books, that e-books and printed books have many positive and negative features and that printed books are more useful than e-books in the development of reading skills. 57% of participants were of the opinion that e-books will replace printed books completely in the future. Recommendations were made based on these findings.

Relationships Between Preservice Teachers’ Conceptions of Teaching and Learning and Their Perceptions Concerning Constructivist Learning Environment

Işıl SÖNMEZ EKTEM — 2026-07-16

Conceptions of teaching and learning indicate teachers’ beliefs about their preferred ways of teaching and learning. These beliefs involve meaning of teaching and learning and roles of teachers and students. This study, which is a descriptive one, aims to describe preservice teachers’ conceptions of teaching and learning and reveal the relationship between their conceptions of teaching and learning and constructivist learning environments. The relational screening model was used in the study. The working group of the study 227 preservice teachers attending Necmettin Erbakan University Ahmet Keleşoğlu Education Faculty in the 2017-2018 academic year. “The Teaching-Learning Conceptions Questionnaire” , which was developed by Chan and Elliot (2004) and adapted to Turkish by Aypay (2011), was used to determine preservice teachers’ teaching and learning conceptions. On the other hand, “Scale for Assessment of Constructivist Learning Environments”, which was developed by Arkün and Aşkar (2010), was used to determine preservice teachers’ perceptions with regard to constructivist learning environments. Descriptive statistics were used in this study to determine preservice teachers’ teaching-learning conceptions. In addition, non-parametric tests were used in order to analyze the data. Moreover, Mann Whitney U test was used to compare and contrast preservice teachers’ conceptions of teaching and learning on the basis of gender, whereas Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between preservice teachers’ preferences of teaching and learning conceptions and their conceptions of constructivist learning environments. According to the findings of the study, 1) preservice teachers like the constructivist approach better than the traditional approach and prefer it at a higher level. 2) Preservice teachers’ conceptions of teaching and learning do not vary by gender. 3) There is a positive and low level of correlation between preservice teachers’ constructivist teaching and learning conceptions and their perceptions of constructivist learning environments.

Examination of University Student’s Moral Judgment Levels According to the Demographic Variables

Bilal SÖYLEMEZ, Cemil ORUÇ — 2026-07-16

In this study, the moral judgment levels of first and fourth year students attending undergraduate education were examined. The sample of the study constitutes 332 first and fourth year students who continue to the six undergraduate departments of Mus Alparslan University Faculty of Education during the 2016-2017 academic years. In the study, it was used Demographic Information Form developed by the researcher to obtain independent variables, MUT-Tr Moral Judgment Test which was developed by Lind (1985; 2008) and adapted to Turkish by Çiftçi (2001a, 2001b) to measure moral judgment ability. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. It was determined that the data did not show normal distribution and for this reason, non-parametric tests were used. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of the data of the two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for the three and more group comparisons. Consequently, moral Judgment of the students doesn’t change meaningfully according to the demographic variables (p> .05). The value of the teacher candidates regarding the test of the moral judgment scores according to the department is meaningful (p <.05). It is concluded that the total moral judgment scores of the students of department of elementary mathematics teacher were higher than the other students. In future studies, it has been suggested that the ethics or moral content courses should be taken as a variable during the undergraduate education and that the students attending different faculties should be included in the sample.

EFFECT OF OKLAMA (ARROW) METHOD ON SIXTH GRADERS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND LEVELS OF RETENTION IN "NOUN PHRASES"

Yusuf SÖYLEMEZ — 2026-07-16

Linguistics is the scientific study that examines language and its structure including its grammar, syntax and phonetics. Through grammar, students learn the features and subtleties of a language and acquire basic language skills. Many methods and techniques such as text learning, induction, deduction and analysis are used in language teaching. The oklama (arrow) method, which is the subject of this study, is a linguistic-based method. Developed and implemented by Efrasiyap Gemalmaz, the oklama (arrow) method adopts an inductive approach and aims to understand the rules of a language and to reveal its general structure. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of oklama (arrow) method on sixth graders’ academic achievement and levels of retention in noun phrases. Study sample consists of 120 sixth graders recruited using random sampling in the 2017-2018 academic year. The research was conducted using a mixed research method. In this method, qualitative and quantitative data are collected and analyzed together or sequentially. In the quantitative dimension of the study, pre-test and post-test (a semi-experimental method with a control group) were used while in the qualitative dimension, interview and observation methods were used. Quantitative data were collected using a Noun Phrases Achievement Test (α = 0.91) developed by the researcher. Quantitative data were collected using semi-structured observation and interview forms. Quantitative data were analyzed using t-test, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percent and frequency while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Results show a statistically significant difference in both academic achievement and retention in noun phrases between the experimental and control groups in favor of the former. Observation and interview results also confirm this finding.

Guided Reading: A Action Research

Nurhüda SÖZEN, Hayati AKYOL — 2026-07-16

The overall aim of this research is to examine the effects of the guided reading method in the development of comprehension skills of students with reading difficulties. Guided reading is used as part of the education program in the United States. A small group of students with the same level of reading and needing similar teaching needs are expected to have the lowest reading disturbances and the reading developments aim to bring the usual reading. The study was conducted by third-year primary school students in a socioeconomically disadvantaged environment in the second semester of 2014-2015 academic year. The study group of the research carried out with the Fatih Primary School students in Siirt province centered on five students who had difficulty reading and who read 3rd grade. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection tools were used in the study designed as an action research. As qualitative data collection tools; "Wrong analysis inventory", "video recordings", "reflective journal", "health check tests" and "student products" were used. As a quantitative data collection tool, the "reading comprehension achievement test" was prepared and applied. The analysis of qualitative data was carried out with descriptive analyzes. In the analysis of quantitative data, the SPSS 18 package program and the Wilcoxon Marked Rank Test were used. According to the results obtained from qualitative data, it was determined that guided reading method contributed to the elimination of the difficulties of students with reading difficulties and the development of their understanding skills. There was a statistically significant increase in the levels of comprehension by students with quantitative data. In the context of the results obtained, guided reading has been found to be effective in improving students' reading comprehension levels.

Learning Creative Drama with Proverbs

Ayfer ŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

Language is a written and oral expression of emotions, ideas, beliefs, lifestyle, and desires. Language is also the most important tool that transfers culture from the past to today and to the future. Proverbs are important for transferring our values and national culture to following generations as well as teaching the intricacies of the Turkish language. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of story-based creative drama on developing the vocabulary of 4th grade students. The study was planned as a pre-test and post-test control group experimental model. The study adopted a mixed method to employ quantitative and qualitative techniques together. The study was conducted in an elementary school in Kırşehir on two 4th grade classes with one experiment and one control group. During application, selection of proverbs, generating and applying related meaning tests, generating related stories, animating these stories with drama, and post-test process were selected. When understanding the proverb scores of students in the experiment and control groups were compared, the experiment group that learned the proverbs with stories had higher scores than the control group. However, this difference was statistically insignificant and there were significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores of the experiment student group. In teaching indirect and metaphoric concepts such as proverbs in elementary education and helping students understand these concepts, using creative drama was recommended for teaching such difficult articulation with correct usage.

THE INVESTIGATION OF HUMOR STYLES AND BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AS THE PREDICTIVE OF SCHOOL BURNOUT FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Caner ŞENER, Bülent GÜNDÜZ — 2026-07-16

The main purpose of this study is to find out the effect of ‘big five personality traits’ and humor styles of high school students in the process of predicting school burnout. The study group of the research consists of randomly selected 312 female and 304 male high school students (totally 616) studying in the central provinces of Adana (Çukurova, Sarıçam, and Yüreğir). “School Burnout Inventory”, “Humor Style Questionnaire” and Big Five Inventory (BFI) were used to collect data in the study. The data obtained in the research process was analyzed through SPSS version 20.0. The findings of the research indicated that there are meaningful relationships among the sub dimensions of Big Five Personality Traits, Humor Styles, and School Burnout. Moreover, as a result of the regression analysis conducted on the obtained data it was found that (a) responsibility and neuroticism personality traits predict the emotional exhaustion which is a sub dimension of school burnout; (b) responsibility and neuroticism personality traits predict the depersonalization which is a sub dimension of school burnout; (c) self-defeating humor style, responsibility, and neuroticism personality traits predict the sense of lower personal success which is again a sub dimension of school burnout; (d) self-defeating humor style, responsibility, and neuroticism personality traits predict the total point of school burnout.

The Opinions of Primary School Teacher Candidates about the Use of Extended Micro Teaching Method

Serdarhan Musa TAŞKAYA — 2026-07-16

Various methods are used in teacher training. One of these methods is micro-teaching. Presentation of the teacher candidate is monitored by his/her friends and the advisor in micro teaching. Then criticism is made about this presentation. Micro-teaching is a supervised professional action. This method is preferable because it combines theory and practice, enables teachers and prospective teachers to see their own teaching styles and create an opportunity to correct their missing aspects-if there are any. There are various ways of application in the use of micro-teaching. Sometimes re-education phase is carried out immediately after the first application, and sometimes a day or a week later. In some applications, because of the time or technical failure, re-teaching and video shooting cannot be done. Book and articles show that in Turkey, there is a large number of research related to micro teaching. However, few studies regarding the extended micro teaching practice can be found. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the extended micro teaching method in accordance with the opinions of primary school teacher candidates. The data in this study planned as an action research in survey type was collected by an open-ended questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. 24 students studying in the fourth grade of primary school teaching department in 2013-2014 academic year participated in the research. In the study it is concluded that participants were generally satisfied with the implementation of extended micro teaching method. At the end of the research, it is proposed that extended micro teaching should be more common in primary school teaching department and teachers should be informed about it.

Government Mandated Centralised Education and Teacher Professionalism

Halit TAYLAN — 2026-07-16

Today, globally, governments have become the major stakeholders in defining professionalism. Many professionals are now employed or regulated by governments so that governments have created a hegemony on professionals, and the teaching profession is the most affected of all professions. With the regulations of governments or imposition of top-down curricula, teachers are now can be accepted as semi-professionals or even non-professionals by governments and the public. Government mandated and centralised education affects the status of teachers and contributes to the deprofessionalisation of teachers. For this reason, the aim of this study is to carry out a critical evaluation of government mandated, centralised education which contributes to the deprofessionalisation of teachers. In order to do this, this study has three sections. In the first section I will explore the meaning of teacher professionalism. In the second section there are two parts. The first part is an exploration of how government mandated education creates a hegemony on teacher professionalism. The second part features some examples of government mandated education and their outcomes from different parts of the world, and how this situation contributes to the deprofessionalisation of teachers. Finally, the last section includes some solutions for the reprofessionalisation of teachers against the government hegemony on the teaching profession.

EXAMINATION OF POSTGRADUATE THESES AND DISSERTATIONS IN THE FIELD OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN TURKEY (1990-2017)

Nagihan TEPE — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to make a case evaluation by analyzing basic research topics and methodological and statistical analysis techniques the postgraduate and dissertations related to higher education in Turkey. The study employed case study. The working group formed graduate and doctoral theses on the subject of higher education between the years 1990-2017. Within the scope of the study, the sample was not taken and reached to the whole house. The research data is collected by the technique of document review; the obtained data were analyzed with descriptive analysis technique; frequency, and tables. According to the findings of the research, higher education graduate theses are more than doctorate theses; it is seen that the years in which the works are most performed are the years 2011 and 2012. Thesis advisors are mostly professors. According to the universities in which theses are conducted, the distribution is mostly Ankara University. When we look at the distribution of issues of theses, "quality in higher education, comparative education, history of higher education, EU politics in higher education, higher education funding, virtual applications and e-learning" come to the forefront. The most qualitative and least complex methods are used; the majority of the sample is preferred by the academic staff; the majority of the theses do not specify the sampling technique, the thesis shows that the objective sampling technique is used more frequently, at least the stratified sampling technique was used. Data collection techniques used the most survey and document examination, at least the field visit and success test were used; as the data analysis technique, Chaid and Cluster analysis are used as the least preferred descriptive statistics.

The Problems of the Teachers Who are Continuıng Their Masters and Doctoral Studies

Mehmet TEYFUR, Rahman ÇAKIR — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to determine the causes of the graduate education and the problems experienced by the teachers who are continuing their masters and doctoral studies and to improve the solution proposals. These are thought to be problems caused by the universities, problems arising from their institutions and problems arising from the close environment in the process of teachers' graduate and doctoral education. A master's degree is a voluntary education after someone has graduated. Solving the problems that will affect the moral values of scientists negatively in the graduate education process is the main task of the administrations. The research group of the study was determined by means of maximum diversity sampling from purposeful sampling methods. The research group constitutes 36 teachers who work in different cities in 2017-2018 academic year and who are trained in Teaching Programs of Ağrı İbrahim Chechen University, Atatürk University and Iğdır University Social Sciences Institutes. According to the results of the research, the primary reasons for teachers to undertake postgraduate education are to have a prestigious life, to be approved by the society, to be competent and effective in their field and to be an academician. According to the participants, the most important problems that the university has in the process of making the masters at the graduate level are the unrelated behavior of the staff, the lack of guidance of the consultants and the processing of the courses as they are done in the undergraduate education. According to the participants, the most important problems arising from the institutions that teachers are working in during the post-graduate education are: teachers have trouble getting permission to continue classes and students in the school complain about vacant courses. As problems arising from the immediate surroundings, the teachers participating in the survey show that after the school is over, the parents find the post-graduate education meaningless and compare them with their peers about having a job

Elements of Organızatıon Culture: Analysıs of “Dıe Welle (Tehlıkelı Oyun)” Movıe

Sezen TOFUR — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to examine the elements of the organization's culture through Die Welle (Tehlikeli Oyun). Qualitative research method was used. For this purpose, a document review study was conducted. In the analyzes made, the group affiliations of the members of the Wave group, which was mentioned in the movie Die Welle, were examined through the elements of organizational culture. According to this, the stages in which the wave group is considered to include elements of organizational culture are associated with the symbols, norms, values, heroes, assumptions and beliefs, respectively. In the film, 27 scenes were determined to be related to the research topic. Three of these scenes are about values, two are assumptions, five are norms, twelve are symbols and narratives, two are beliefs, three are heroes.The film has the most scenes about the symbols. Mr. Wagner, the cultural hero of the group, is a person who directly influences assumptions and beliefs from organizational culture elements. Mr. Wagner has imposed to group a certain belief system and hypothesis and has leaned back and watched those that have a slight orientation. This belief system has developed in a short time the value of the wave group individuals to their group affiliation and group membership. Values developed with beliefs brought together group norms and symbols. Class rules and group participation rules were established. Group emblem, original greeting style, internet site were developed. As a result, it can be said that the movie Die Welle can be used as a learning material about what constitutes the cultural elements of the organization. Research can be seen as an opportunity for educators interested in education to question organizational culture knowledge and cultures.It may be suggested that the worker be used as a teaching tool in faculties in lectures involving organizational cultures.

Investigation of the Decisions of the Supreme Court Related to Private Education Institutions

Erdal TOPRAKCI, O. Ferda BEYTEKİN , Miray DOĞAN — 2026-07-16

Societies are the institutions, groups, and organizations that are formed the interactions between individuals. It is important for individuals to know and use their rights in society in terms of the compatibility of individuals with institutions. One of these institutions is the educational institution. The educational institution carries out the task of socializing education by aiming to raise organized, qualified individuals to provide the advancement and durability of the society. Supreme Court is located in the legal system that can be seen as part of the supervision of the educational institution. National public and private educational institutions established by the National Education No. 1739 within the education system in Turkey, provide general and specific objectives set out in the basic law are educational organizations. On the other hand, institutions of private educational institutions are the organizations engaged in an economic activity for profit even though they are institutions opened to offer educational services. As a result, private schools, which have been increasing in number recently, have brought problems together. The aim of this study is to examine the decisions of the Supreme Court concerning the private education institutions and to show what the results are. Document analysis technique used on the basis of the qualitative research design, which is the nature of the problem in the research. Between 2013 and 2017 decisions were shared on the website of the UYAP (National Judicial Network Information System) about the decisions of the Supreme Court, concerning private education institutions were collected as documents. These collected documents have been converted into findings by descriptive and content analysis. It is assumed that decisions will be made on the basis of the collection of opinions on the other hand, and on the internet page where opinions on decisions are independently shared in UYAP. According to research findings; decisions of the Supreme Court are concerning the private education institutions; 98% of the 600 files appealed to the Supreme Court between 2013-2017 include personal rights and 2% of the other issues. Decisions related to personal rights; salary, insurance, overtime and work termination. The other decisions of the Supreme Court are; material and non-pecuniary damage, registration, intellectual and industrial rights, service transport. Decisions were made by the local court in all 12 cases concerning other matters sent to the Supreme Court with an appeal were affirmed on behalf of the plaintiff. From 2013 to 2017, 209 of the 588 decisions of the Supreme Court included teacher salaries, 114 overtime, 162 insufficient insurance premiums and 103 business overdues. The court decisions regarding the personal rights sent to the Supreme Court with an appeal are affirmed on behalf of the employees. Only half of the lawsuits related to the employment termination are approved for the employee.

Communicative Approach: Student Involvement

İrfan TOSUNCUOĞLU — 2026-07-16

It is established that language is not just a system of rules, but also a means of communication for people. There is a great difference between knowing the various grammatical rules of a language and the ability to be able put these rules into use efficiently while communicating. Today, the expanding international role of the English language means that students are required to use it for their specific purposes. All the language teaching methods presented to date, beginning from grammar and translation, have tried to find a remedy for language teaching and learning. For many years, communicative language teaching (CLT) has been one of the most effective methods in second language and foreign language teaching. The Communicative Approach was an endeavor to overcome some of the weak components of foreign language teaching and learning, and plays a crucial role as a result of students’ need to communicate in a foreign or second language. Students are placed at the center of teaching as the main component, but sometimes student participation in activities is problematic for teachers. Communicative Language Teaching has been a very popular method for years, it is used in foreign language classrooms to teach learners how to communicate effectively. This article analyzes the Communicative Approach in detail, and asserts student’s involvement.

Evaluation of Personality Characteristics and Spare Time Preferences of High School Students (Kocaeli Example)

Hakan TURAN, İsmet ŞAHİN , Elif Nur ALTUN — 2026-07-16

This study aims at defining the relations between personality preferences and the choice of spare time preferences of secondary school students. The research method is correlational survey method, the sample group is composed of 176 students from a state supported high school in İzmit in 2016-2017 school year. Data was collected by Myers Briggs Type personality scale translated and validated by Kabadayı and Spare Time preferences were determined by a questionnaire developed by researchers. Data was analyzed using percentages, frequencies and two-way chi square statistics. The findings put that there are more introverted than extroverted students, more sensing than intuitive students, more thinking than feeling students and more judging than perceiving students. The next finding is that students mostly spent their spare time surfing in social media. The following popular activities are listening music and spent time with friends. In terms of relations between personality and spare time activities, the first significant relation is between introvert-extrovert types and doing sports, watching sports, and travelling choice. Extraverts prefer sports activities and travelling more than introverts. Another significant relation is between judging and perceiving types and reading frequency. Perceiving students read books and newspapers more than judging students.

Examining the Viewpoints of Teacher on the Contribution of Tales to Child Development in Teaching Process of Mother Tongue

Tuncay TÜRKBEN — 2026-07-16

In mother tongue education, the use of tales, which are the products of folk literature, is important in terms of child development and for the acquisition of basic language skills. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of the use of tales in mother tongue teaching on child development in the light of teacher viewpoints. The study group consisted of 35 class teachers who worked in the city center of Ankara in 2017-2018 Academic Year and who volunteered to participate in the study. A case study was chosen as a research design. The case study is seen as an effective method used to search for answers to scientific questions. As the study model, the Semi-Structured Interview Technique, which is one of the Qualitative Research Methods, was employed to collect the data of the study. In the analysis of the findings, the Descriptive Analysis and Content Analysis Methods were employed. Categories were created based on the data by considering the similarity status, and these categories were presented as tables. The data were supported by quoting the viewpoints of teachers. The findings obtained show that tales have an important place in the cognitive, affective and social development of the child. Tales should also be handled and dealt with efficient methods in developing the basic language skills of the child. According to the results obtained in the study, tales improve children’s imagination world, language skills; and ensure that they look positively to life. It is necessary to use tales effectively as a class material at schools. Parents should also introduce tales books to their children and read tales with them. As a result, it can be stated that fairy tales should be used effectively in the acquisition and development of basic language skills in mother language education and training.

The Soft Power Research on Foreign Student Who Have Just Started Studying in Turkey: Gazi University

Mehmet Sezai TÜRK, Zuhal TOÇU , Halide Nur YAŞAR — 2026-07-16

Since the last quarter of the twentieth century, education and universities have been both the “playground” and the “players” of the global economic market thanks to open-border policy for international students. This transformation has made the universities an important component of the global power politics. International students are the most important actors of these power politics. This research was carried out at the Gazi University TÖMER (Turkish Language Learning Research and Application Center) in December 2016. Survey was conducted with a reliable census among freshman who had enrolled in Gazi University TÖMER in 2016. The major difficulty in the research was Turkish language sufficiency. It was the primary objective of the research that the students surveyed are picked among new comers and the ones uninfluenced of Turkey. Survey was conducted among all foreign students who are able to read and understand Turkish enough to fill the questionnaire. Survey results was analyzed in the light of answers of 86 student who can fully answer the questionnaire. It is found that, foreign students’ favorable impressions about Turkey, within a limited time period they have spent in the country, continues in an increasing trend. In order to analyze the mean difference between the students’ feelings towards Turkey before and after arrival, in other words either have any negative or positive change in their feelings after arrival, paired sample t-Test was applied. It is found with a 95% reliability that there is no difference in the feelings of student about Turkey after arrival. That means students are not disappointed after arriving. Considering this outcome in terms of Turkish Soft Power, it can be said that Turkey has been performing a good track on the way of becoming a sustainable educational center of attraction. Moreover, answers for the question “Where do you see Turkey in a near future?” as with a majority “Becoming a Superpower” indicates that the students have a very positive image in their minds about Turkey. In that respect, we can say that Turkey scored well as a result of the Soft Power Research on Foreign Student Who Have Just Started Studying in Turkey.

THE EFFECT OF SCENARIO BASED INSTRUCTION ON THE ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND ATTITUDE OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS APPLIED ENVIRONMENT LESSON

Esra UÇAK — 2026-07-16

It is very important to educate conscious individuals for the solutions of environmental problems. This can only be possible with effective environmental education. In order to educate individuals who are aware of environmental problems and can produce solutions to these problems, environmental education should be given importance in education programs and these courses should include new approaches which are made meaningful for students instead of memorizing courses. One of these new approaches is Scenario Based Learning. This study also examined the effect of Scenario Based Learning on the success and performance of students in the environmental science course of the third pre-service science teacher. The study group of the research is composed of 56 students who are studying in the third grade of Science Education Teaching Department of Pamukkale University Faculty of Education in the spring semester of 2012-2013 academic year. Pre-test and post-test control group designs were used in the study. One of the groups was determined as experimental group (n = 31) and the other group was determined as control group (n = 25). "Environmental Achievement Test" and "Environment Attitude Scale" were used in the study. The application was carried out for 4 weeks in both groups throughout the "Environmental Problems". Environmental Achievement Test and Environmental Attitude Scale were administered before and after working in groups. The data obtained as a result of the study were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 statistical package program. The t-test was used for independent groups to compare the scores of the experiment and control groups. Based on the findings of the study, it can be said that "Scenario Based Learning" does not affect the academic achievements of the students but increases their attitudes in the environmental lesson.

EXAMINING IN FLUTE EDUCATION-EXAMINATION ON THE INTERNAL MOTIVATION AGAINST COURSE AND LITERACY, COURSE AND INSTRUMENT

Emre ÜSTÜN — 2026-07-16

Music education aims to develop the musical talents of individuals, to play effectively, to sing and to improve musical creativity. One of the important dimensions of this process is flute education. In flute education, the ability of students to control musical perception ability, music life, attitudes and behaviors towards lectures and instruments should be developed and this process should be continued. In this context, the flute educators should develop the ability of students to decipher one of the steps they will follow in their planning. Deciphering education is a process that affects the musical skills and performance positively, which should be in all individuals who receive music education. Students will be able to solve the problems encountered in the process of instrumental education more easily with the help of the decipherment skill and the motivation for learning and the musical instrument will be increased in the course of in-class and extra-curricular study. The purpose of the research in this context is; flute students who are trained in music departments use them actively in deciphering courses to reveal the effects on exam, lesson success concerns, internal motivations against lessons and instruments. Experimental method was used in the research and "pre-test-post test" was preferred. Study Nevşehir Haci Bektaş Veli University Department of Music and Performing Arts has been performing with individual flute students. The t test was used for the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, it has been shown that the active use of deciphering in flute education has a positive effect on exam motivation, course anxiety, lecture and instrumental motivation.

Children’s Learning Behaviors: Psychometric Properties Of The Preschool Learning Behavior Scale in Turkey

Mefharet VEZİROĞLU ÇELİK, İbrahim H. ACAR — 2026-07-16

The purpose of the current study was to adapt Preschool Learning Behaviors Scale (PLBS), which was developed by McDermott, Leigh, and Perry (2002) to Turkish and examine reliability and validation. The PLBS is a 29-item scale that is designed to assess the learning-related behaviors of preschool children on three subscales: Competence/Motivation, Attention/Persistence, and Attitude Toward Learning. A total of 140 preschool children (59 girls, 81 boys) and their teachers were recruited in Istanbul for the current study. Children’s age ranged from 39 to 77 months (M= 62.56, SD= 8.52). Firstly, the PLBS was adapted to Turkish language and culture. The validity of the scale was measured by Confirmatory Factor Analysis and the difference between the Upper %27 and Lower %27 groups was tested. The internal reliability of the scale was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and McDonald’s Omega method. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed that the scale has a three-factor structure as in the original version. The CFA model for the PLBS confirmed that there is a 3-factor model (χ2= 699.443 (p < .001), CFI= 0.95, RMSEA= .07 (.07 to .09 at 90% CI), and WRMR = 1.20. Cronbach alpha and McDonald’s Omega for internal consistency showed the measure was reliable. The analyses showed that the PLBS is a valid, reliable tool for Turkish children.

INVESTIGATION OF ATTITUDES OF TEACHER CANDIDATES TOWARDS ARRANGING THE POSITIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT (KAFKAS UNIVERSITY EXAMPLE)

Dilek YARALI — 2026-07-16

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the attitudes of teacher candidates towards arranging the positive learning environment and whether these attitudes of teacher candidates differed significantly differences as statistically or not in terms of various variables (the gender, types of programs, arithmetic average, age ranges). The descriptive scanning (survey) model was used to determine the attitudes of teacher candidates towards arranging the positive learning environment. The working group of the research consisted of 323 teacher candidates who are studying at Kafkas University during the fall semester of 2017-2018. “Attitude scale towards arranging the positive learning environment” was developed in order to teacher candidates by the researcher was used as data collection tool. The descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U Test and Kruskal Wallis H Test were used while the datas were being analyzed in the research. As a result of the findings which was obtained from the research that it was seen that the teacher candidates rated at the level of "I strongly agree" on the general of scale. Also, significant differences as statistic were found in the only “facilitating learning”, “strengthening learning” sub-dimensions of scale and general of scale according to gender variable of the teacher candidates in research. Also, significant differences as statistic were found in all sub-dimensions of the scale and general of scale according to type of program variable of the teacher candidates. But, no significant differences as statistic were observed in all sub-dimensions of scale and general of scale according to the academic average variable of the teacher candidates. Besides, significant differences as statistic were detected in the only “strengthening learning”, “supporting learning” sub-dimensions of scale and general of scale according to the age range variable of teacher candidates.

Story Elements in Wordless Book Narratives of Preschool Children

Dilek YEKELER, Özge CENGİZ — 2026-07-16

Language is a system in which people share their feelings, thoughts and observations with words. The nativist theory, which emphasizes the importance of storytelling in the preparation for literacy, argues that it is an important activity for them to allow children to reproduce their stories in the pre-school period. Storytelling; is interpretation of a story verbally or written. Children's ability to tell stories grows with their age. Wordless books based on purely visuals to tell a story present a developmental sequence by telling to children stories through pictures. Story elements can be used in helping children to produce creative ideas and to organize their thoughts, while measuring the level of comprehension and determining their ability to tell stories. Researchers have stated that children should told stories from the picture books in order to improve their comprehension skills. The purpose of this research is to examine the story elements in storytelling of preschool children using the illustrated children's book. Research is designed as a case study from qualitative research methods. The study group consists of 30 children aged 60-66 months who are educating in pre-school education institutions in the academic year 2017-2018. The "Scale for Story Elements Evaluation" prepared by Coşkun (2005) was used as a data collection tool in the research. In the data collection process, a wordless book consisting of just pictures, prepared for children aged 4-6 years, was used in order to allow children to create their own stories. In the analysis of the research data, descriptive analysis was utilized from qualitative data analysis methods. According to the results of the research, children use all elements in storytelling; but the use rates of these elements are different. Besides, it has been found that the use of certain elements overlaps with the classifications related to storytelling periods in children.

The Determination on the Elementary School Students’ Perception Related to the Amount Conservation in the Liquids

Nisa YENİKALAYCI, Dilek ÇELİKLER , Zeynep AKSAN — 2026-07-16

This research’s goal is to determine how the elementary school students’ perception that they receive their education in an elementary school is about the amount conservation in the liquids because they are in the concrete operation period. The research has been made with 113 students in total who received their education at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades at an elementary school in Canik in Samsun in the autumn term of 2017-2018 education-training year. Three activities which were developed in order to determine the pre-knowledge of students related to the amount conservation in the liquids were used to gather the data, it was shown how the amount conservation is in the practices after those activities. 4 erlenmeyers at the different width and length that include the same color (yellow) and equal-amount liquid for the 1. activity the flask, graudated cylinder, beaker and erlenmeyer in the different colors (purple, green, orange and blue) and with the equal-amount liquid for the 2. activity; 1 beaker and 1 graudated cylinder in the same color (blue) and with the equal-amount liquid for the 3. activity were given. The students were asked to answer the question about which pots’ liquid amount is the most one in all the activities. After the data was collected through the worksheets, it was shown in the practices in all the classrooms that the liquids gets the shape of pot that they are poured and there is not any change in the amount, and when the liquid is poured into the 1. pot, the amount will be the same one also. As a result of the research, it was determined that the students stated for all the activities that the liquid amount will increase as the liquid level in the pot increases. This result shows that the cognitive step related to the amount conversation in the liquids has not developed in the elementary school students yet.

THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH LEARNING APPLICATIONS SCALE AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Rüştü YEŞİL — 2026-07-16

Political, social, cultural and economic developments since the twentieth century have forced countries to develop policies and practices aimed at teaching foreign languages to their citizens and teaching their own languages to foreigners from the other side. In this context, especially in recent years Turkey have carried out important work on to teach Turkey Turkish to foreigners. The aim of this research is to develop a scale to be used in determining the learning practices of students learning Turkish as a foreign language. Thus, it is aimed to provide a valid and reliable collection tool which will be used by those concerned to determine the deficiencies and preventable measures about the learning practices of the students as they learn Turkish as a foreign language. This research is a quantitative and descriptive scale development study. The sample of the research is composed of 653 students who take Turkish language preparatory education at Kyrgyz-Turk Manas University. The data of the study were collected on a 42-item draft scale. Validity and reliability analyzes were performed on collected data. In the validity study, descriptive factor analysis and discriminant analysis were performed. For reliability analysis, internal consistency and stability characteristics were examined. At the end of the analyzes; A 30-item "Foreign Language Learning Practice Scale" (FLLPS) was developed under 6 factors. KMO value of FDI is 0.881; Bartlett Test values x2 = 3949,698; SD = 435; p <0.000. The items in the scale have explained 49,650% of the total variance. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the scale is 0,880. Accordingly, it can be said that FLLPS is a valid and reliable scale that can be used in determining the qualifications and competences of the applications that the students are learning Turkish as a foreign language.

The Effect of Made-up Instruction Based on Open and Closed-ended Experimental techniques on the Achievements and Attitudes of Science Education Students

İbrahim YÜKSEL, Hatice KIRÇİÇEK , Elvan İNCE AKA — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of teaching on open and closed end experimental techniques on the achievements and attitudes of students taking Physics Laboratories III course. In the study, geometrical optics experiments in Physics Laboratories III course were chosen as research area. The research was conducted with 56 students studying in the second class in the Science Teacher Education Program. Experimental and control groups were formed in the research and teaching based on the open-ended experimental technique prepared by the researchers was applied to the experimental group and closed-ended experimental technique was applied to the control group. The following questions were tried to be answered. Is there a meaningful difference between the pre-test and the post-test mean scores of the Optical Achievement Test of the students who have been taught by the open-ended test technique? Is there a meaningful difference between the pre-test and the post-test mean scores of the Optical Achievement Test of students who have been taught by closed-end test technique? Is there a significant difference between the mean scores of the Optical Achievement Tests of the open and closed end experimental groups? Is there a meaningful difference between the mean scores of the Physics Laboratory Attitude Scale of open and closed end experimental groups? Physics Laboratory Attitude Scale and Optical Achievement Test were used as data collection tools in the study. They were applied before and after the application. It was concluded that the test and control group students had a significant difference in the final test scores in favor of the final test scores of the experimental group. There was no significant difference between attitude scores in the post test scores of the experimental and control groups. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in the pre-post test success and attitude scores of both groups in favor of the post test scores.

The Impact Of Family On The Gender Development Of The Child

HİKMET ZELYURT — 2026-07-16

The present aimed to analyze the effect of the family on gender development of the child. Survey design was used in the present descriptive research in accordance with the quantitative research methodology. One hundred families with 0-6 years old children residing in Malatya province in the 2017-2018 academic year, 5-6 years old 54 children attending pre-school institutions and 10 toy stores were included in the study sample. Study data were collected using a survey form and a checklist. Three different survey forms were developed for the three different sample groups. Study data were analyzed with SPSS software. Analysis of the study findings demonstrated that the majority of the responses of 5-6 years old pre-school children on clothing, gaming, toys and power perception with color preference, parental responsibilities and dual gender behavior reflected sexist attitudes. It was determined that the parents selected the colors of the toys for their children with a sexist attitude. When selecting toys, 25.8% of parents prioritized the educational value of the toy, 14.4% prioritized the safety of the toy, 11.7% prioritized the price of the toy, 11.4% prioritized the durability of the toy, 11.4% prioritized the selection of the toy by the child, 8% prioritized the quality of the toy and others prioritized the contribution of the toy to the parent's relationship with the child, the popularity of the toy in the market, the advice of other parents, the packaging of the toy, the ease of access to the point of sale, and the advertisements. It was also found that the fathers bought the most toys for the child in the family usually. Analysis of the responses of the toy store owners demonstrated that parents affected the sexist attitudes of the children and toy selection, however toy manufacturing industry also had an affect on the child’s gender judgments.

The Efficacy of Paper Collage Activities in the Psycho-Social Development of 4-5 Year-Old Children in Kindergartens

Miray ÖZÖZEN DANACI, Nurdan KAVAKLI , Gülşah TIKIZ — 2026-07-16

Researches in pre-school education, paper-collage activities were conducted to determine the effect of children on psychomotor fields, and the effects of artistic activities on the psychosocial development area of children were ignored. In recent years, important reports on the psychomotor field of children as well as paper-collage activities and psychological and social dimensions of children have been revealed. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the paper-collage based activity program in the psychosocial development of children aged 3-4 years who were educated in kindergarten. In the sample of the study, a total of 32 children, 15 boys and 17 girls, consisting of 15 boys and 17 girls, were the control group. Quantitative data collection techniques were used in the research and experimental design with random pre-test-post-test control group was applied. In the experimental group, activity programs based on artistic studies were applied in the education developed by the researcher. The programs are composed of six sections, each lasting 8 weeks, two hours each. In order to evaluate the psychosocial development of children, the demographic information form and the Turkish version of the measurement tools used in the study were reviewed by Karabekir et al. (2007), the early childhood stress index, the short 0-4 age social and emotional assessment (BITSEA) scale. According to the data obtained, variances were defined, content difference and frequencies were found and interpreted through tables. When the obtained data were examined, it was seen that there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of pretest and posttest scores. According to the results of the study, it was seen that paper-collage studies were applied and understood well by the children and had a positive effect on the psychosocial development of children. As a result of the study, it is suggested to carry out more descriptive and comprehensive artistic activities and to implement new activities.