https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=373 Turkish Studies - International en 2024-08-29 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21480 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21480 Güven ARIKLI, Melahat ARIKLI This research uses the format of the effect seen in the mass media and the social impact of the agenda in Turkey were evaluated. In this respect, it has been determined in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus what kind of content is important to the homeland in the beginning of this kind of agenda. For this purpose; 21 January to 21 February 2018 between the news related development issues experienced with the result of cross-border military operation to take control and secure their borders Turkey, is analyzed by content analysis method. In the research; news production process in mass communication and social effects of news production. Considering the approach of mass media to olive grove operations; News about developments related to the operation of olive branch in Cyprus, Cyprus post, Star Cyprus and Truth newspapers are analyzed by content analysis method. At the end of the research, it was determined that the content of the news about the olive branch operations in the direction of ideological lines of newspapers and the news sources showed similarities and similarities. At the same time, while the newspapers included warning and precautions about the olive branch operation and the rhetoric of reliable news sources, it was revealed in this research that the news headline and photograph with large negative content were also carried to the pages. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21561 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21561 Nasi ASLAN, Ömer KORKMAZ An informed consent is part of physician-patient relationship in which doctor let patient know about the treatment and therapeutic surgical interventions in physical integrity, well recognize potential risks and damages and consent with the procedure. Historically, touching non-authorized within the context of physician’s accountability, a subsequent abuse, and hence an unjust treatment exposed to the patient have led to the idea that it is a duty to elucidate all the procedures to affect patient’s body and rights as well as their harms and benefits. This has resulted in the institutionalization of informed consent as obligation to give notice the patient on “potential dangers” to face. This issue is still discussed today regarding trust in physician-patient relation in medical ethics. The efforts have so lately been made to determine its legal status. For instance, there was no discussion on its legal status until the Nuremberg trial decisions in 1947. Whereas, at an earlier time in the Xth century it was argued in Islamic Law doctrine to legalize the theme of physician’s accountability and the resolution of the potential consequences led by therapy of choice and surgical operation. The relevant rules were discussed thoroughly related to ‘icâre’ (contract for service in Ottoman State) in general and specifically ‘ecîr-i müşterek’ (freelancer) though not specially. In practice, although some allege or make out as if “informed consent”, in the vernacular of the day, was a simple, consensual contract between physician and patient, this statement was out of the documents notarized by top state authorities in Ottoman community. For example, such an independent contract made before ‘qadi’, who is administratively and judgmentally the highest public authority in the district, was evidently so important to legalize this issue as understood. So to speak, it was not an ordinary contract of consent, on the contrary an ‘official’ agreement was signed under the supervision and with the notification of the toppest authority in the state in the practice fundamentally based on the doctrine. In this study, we aim to investigate physician’s accountability and informed consent through research for its role and value in Islamic Law and review of Ottoman court records (‘şer’iyye sicilleri’). 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21598 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21598 Mücahit ASUTAY, H. İbrahim DOĞAN Many scholars who have dealt with the issue of istishhad with hadith in nahiw have stated that Ibn Jinni accepted istishhad with hadith. The reason for this is that this linguist has used more hadith in its books compared to other language scholars. Ibn Jinni, used the hadiths in explaining meaning independently of the sentence. However, mentioned hadiths in the topics related to nahiw, sarf (morphology), rethoric, belief, nahiw methodology, correct usage of language. Sometimes referred to the hadith as a preparatory ground of the introduction to the subject. As far as we can see, he has been consulting with twenty-three in his book al-Khasâ'is and seven hadiths in his book titled Sirru Sinaat al-İ'râb. Ibn Jinnî has addressed two hadiths directly concerning nahiw. Compared to verses and poetry that he quated, this number is quite low. When the hadiths on the rethoric in the framework of the explanations of Ibn Jinni are examined, it is seen that what is said is not related to the determination of a rule about nahiw or syntax but it is about meaning. The hadiths that Ibn Jinni mentions about the correct use of language are not in the determination of certain rules on the grammar, but in general, it is concerned with good langu-age learning and proper use. Based on the words of the Prophet used in these hadiths, Ibn Jinni emphasized that the incorrect use of the language would lead to some false beliefs. Ibn Jinnî deals with some topics of nahiw methodology topics as istishhad with the Quran and qiraats (different recitations of the Quran), Arabs’ words, qiyas (comparison), illa (reason) in detail. Despite the fact that it is one of the main sources of al-Suyuti on nahiw method, we can not come up with a clear statement about hadith. In this article, the subject of the istishhad with hadith according to Ibn Jinni will be covered in the books of al-Khasais and Sırru Sinaat al-İrab 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21556 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21556 Gülistan BAŞCI, Aslıhan KAYA The concept of social assistance and service, which is based on social municipalism, refers to the support given to the needy people in the society as well as the satisfaction of the needs of all the individuals in the society in terms of social services. It is an obligation of the principle of being a social state, as a necessity of the constitution, to deliver the services to the groups which cannot easily reach these services in a comfortable manner. Through to the concept of the social state; disadvantaged groups in the society are protected against the strong groups, social equality, justice, and social equilibrium are ensured, conflicts of interests between classes are reduced, and national unity and solidarity are established. Compared to central governments, local governments have a greater role to play in determining the social needs of the people and meeting them adequately. In particular, municipalities can more easily determine the social needs of the people as they are closer to the public than the central administrations. They can make activities by making plans for eliminating them. It is very important that the municipalities announce their social municipal activities to the local people and the people benefit from these services. From this point of view, social municipality activities offered by the Municipality of Çorum to the local people have been examined in this study. It has been tried to determine whether or not people are sufficiently informed about these services and to determine the levels of utilization and satisfaction of these services. The survey form was prepared with the help of the information gathered from the meetings with Çorum Municipality officials, and in the light of the literature. These questionnaires were applied in the central districts of Çorum and data were collected with the help of 431 questionnaires. According to the findings obtained from the statistical analysis, some of the services provided by the social municipality are known by the local people and some of the activities are unknown. The satisfaction level of the local people from social municipalism services is 57% and the satisfaction level of general municipality services is 70%. In addition, 79% of the population stated that municipal services have improved compared to previous years. In general, it has been determined that the Municipality of Çorum has shown a successful acceleration in social municipal activities. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21516 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21516 Gülten BULDUKER Human is a living being who has spiritual values besides his physical existence. Human beings hold on to the life by means of the value systems and beliefs they have. However, the spiritual world of human beings is destroyed in a way in the face of the stern realities of the modern world, and they become insensitive, getting accustomed to that environment. Insensitivity, in other words the emotional blunting, means losing the ability to perceive the feeling of beauty in human soul. In the modern world, where the human beings have lost the feeling of beauty, the function of the art needs to be questioned again. Art is the expression of the feeling of beauty existing in the human soul. Many elements can be cited that renders a real work of art valuable. Among them is the skill of an author in using the language, as well as his/her style. The success of an artist in seeing and describing humans together with their sorrows and joy is the primary criterion saving a work from artificialness. Based on this understanding, we will try to analyze the poem ‘Solgun Bir Gül Dokununca’ (‘A Paling Rose When Touched’) by Behçet Necatigil and to determine the poet’s power in describing human being. A number of methods are used in order to analyze a literary text. However, there are no specific rules that can facilitate the performance of a good analysis. In addition, the subjective nature of literary texts gives each reader to interpret the text he/she reads in a different way. On the other hand, it is possible to draw a common meaning from the symbols used in a literary text. The objective of the present study is to find out what the poem expresses at the background. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21555 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21555 Recep ÇAKAR The Islamic banking sector which has developed rapidly in the last 50 years in the world is operating especially in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. Islamic trading methods have been used since the 6th century, and financial institutions that operate without interest in the economic relations in the modern world perform this task. In the modern sense, the first Islamic banking activities, which started in Egypt in 1963, compete with conventional banks in a striking way and have grown by an average of 20% over the last 50 years and now reach $ 2 trillion. The Islamic banking sector, which operates by risk sharing, partnership principle, is subject to real commercial transactions. Therefore, it is anticipated that the volume of the transactions carried out by banks operating in Islamic manner can increase investment and financing activities, specialization and trading volume in the OIC countries. The purpose of working in this light of information; The result of the increase in Islamic banking activities in the world is to investigate the causality relationship between GDP per capita GDP, Per Capita National Income (PCI), Human Development Index (HDI) and OIC Internal Trade Volume (OICOFTV) data. As a result of the causality test, it is understood that the development of the Islamic banking volume in the world has increased the GDP of the OIC countries. Likewise, the increase in the GDP of OIC countries increases the volume of Islamic banking in the world. It is understood that HDI has increased in OIC countries with the increase of Islamic banking volume. Moreover, the increase in the volume of Islamic banking led to the increase in the PCI countries in the OIC countries and the increase in the intra-organizational foreign trade volume of the OIC countries provided an increase in the volume of Islamic banking. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21517 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21517 Beşir ÇELİK Dîn (Religon) is a proverb in which the rules of man are set by God for the happiness of the world and the hereafter. Allah, the Creator of the people, has also revealed in vain (through the books and the messengers whom He has sent down) how and how he should act. The Torah, the Bible, and the Qur'an are sacred texts that are the product of revelation. There are many religious and moral principles for individual and collective purposes in these texts based on the poetry. A part of these teachings is that in the Torah, Hz. It is placed in the Ten Commandments that are sent down to Moses. These orders, which are in the form of "ten commandments" in Turkish, which means "ten words" in Ibrahânce, Musa is a verbal command written on two stone plates first. Because they are universal teachings, they are included not only in Judaism, but also in the sacred texts of other divine religions, and include the common duties and responsibilities brought to the people. The principles that must be observed for a virtuous life in the Ten Commandments are also generally present in Islamic religion. The purpose of the Qur'an's reduction is to direct people to good, right, and useful ones; suicide, sunburn and evil. Surah of Isra (another name of Beni Israel) is one of the Qur'anic periods in which divine teachings reminiscent of human duties and responsibilities. Isra, which means "to carry on at night", Expresses that the Prophet was taken one night from Mecca to Jerusalem. Particularly from the 22nd verse to the 40th edition, there are mainly religious and moral teachings in divine religions. It is a few of the common universal divine commands in the Ten Commandments in the Torah and in the Isra, as it is to unify God, to respect the parents, In our work, the mentioned divine teachings were emphasized and a comparative analysis of them was made. Our aim is to emphasize the universal role of revelation, which is the backbone of Islam and even other Semitic religions, in educating people with corrective and negative qualities. We have done this by restricting the Ten Commandments to the commandments in the Islā. The positive influence of divine commands in directing the individual and society has always increased the importance of this subject. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21569 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21569 Hamza ÇEŞTEPE, Aslı TUNÇEL The iron and steel sector, which provides inputs to a variety of sectors such as construction, automotive, defense, white goods and shipbuilding is one of the vital sectors for developing countries in particular. Determining the international competitiveness of the iron and steel sector is very important in terms of the future of the industry in developing countries, including Turkey. This study aims to determine the international competitiveness of the Turkish iron and steel industry by using the Revealed Comparative Advantage method. In the study, competitiveness of the Turkish iron and steel sector for the period 2007-2016 has been determined on the basis of three-digit sub-sector. For this purpose, the indices developed by Balassa and Vollrath was calculated separately and compared with each other. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the competitiveness of the iron and steel sector in the group of flat products used in the production of high value added products is low, whereas in the group of long products, the sector is highly competitive. The main reason for this is the inadequate production of flat products. Technology and infrastructure facilities of Turkey iron and steel industry are adequate for the production of flat products. Although the flat product production capacity has increased in recent years, not all of this capacity can be used. The highest competitive product group of Turkey iron steel sector against the world is the long products. However, the added value of long products is lower than that of flat products. To increase its competitiveness in the global market of Turkey's iron and steel industry, efficient use of available resources and to put in domestic energy sources is very important. R & D studies should be carried out to shift the production from long products to flat products and new production techniques and new products should be developed. High taxes and other financial liabilities that increase costs in the sector should be alleviated and government incentives should be increased, especially in the production of high added value products. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21533 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21533 İzem DAĞDEVİREN During learning the second language is a factor of major importance ; individual raises shaping the behavior and behavior that maintaining internal or external means psychological motivation impulse is defined the occurring as a result of the acquisition process. These experts, who realize importance of these subjects, have done comprehensive research about having a big effect of motivation on learning for individuals who learn foreign languages. As you stand the results of the research ,has been observed to significantly increase the success of students who are motivated. Moving from this stuation, in order to increase students' for language acquisition skills, student motivation in the process as well as ways to mobilize internal and external motivation it has also focused on the importance of defining resources. External factors have an important role in learning but internalisation of external factors that increase the motivation,which ensures more effective results in education,lead to get better results, because intrinsic motivation affect behavior much more quickly and permanently than extrinsic motivation. Especially, Maslow's' ''Hierarchy of Needs'' is based on the assumption that in mind, it has been argued that there motivation is an intrinsic events. To be able to act the intrinsic motivation,the necessity of knowing the needs of individuals was defended by Maslow (Maslow 1970). Thanks to the needs identified in this way from the movement necessary condition will be created and It will be the first step on the way to success. This research aim to define the concept of motivation,explain the place of the motivation at language teaching process and extent the requirements of the motivation in the modern education system, such as (a) the elements which have effects on students' achievement (b) effect of motivation on class layout and (c) The impact of students' attitudes for learning are aim to explain to effect of these things on learning. Also, while examined the researchs,to have an indispensable role in second language acquisition motivation foresees that this issue is worth to study. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21531 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21531 Abdullah DEMİR Nowadays, many signs especially existing approximately 5.47 billion search on google per day and amount of data which stored in 2008 being more than data which have been stored for 5000 years and being produced 90 % data of world in last 2 years and companies’ attempts to make volume of information double in each year are showing to go out of conventional educational approaches. Main point in the topic is noticing the necessity to new idea, education and production forms. Education is not only giving some basic information/knowledge and indoctrinating, it is also a complementary process which includes training mental ability to consider, puzzles one brain. At the present time, education also includes design, production, writing computer programs in other words coding. Economy, information and communication technologies have brought the process to new different dimensions with the power of internet. Industrial 4.0 is one result of this process and it fundamentally aims to pair up informational technologies and industrial process so there is necessity to new education system (which means education 4.0) for supplying the needs of industrial 4.0. Education 4.0 is being reached step by step from experience with memorization (Education 1.0) to internet-enabled learning (Education 2.0), from this process to consuming & producing knowledge (Education 3.0) and then to empowering education to produce innovation (Education 4.0). There are many reflections of industrial 4.0 such as peoples or organizations which has improved capabilities to think at high level education, utilizing digital technology, using individualized data and open sources, having global networks, meeting the needs of technological world, producing and transferring information. A new education system which promotes continuous learning, helps taking powerful role in community and making differences must be given to individuals. New educational technologies such as virtual reality, i-cloud, interactive books, videos and animation are supported with new non-spatial, time independent educational approaches such as informal educational programs (Khan Academy). One of the most important complementary part of education 4.0 is undoubtedly teacher. In this system teacher is not a conventional teacher. She/He is not only a person who gives information, she/he is also a person who tries to upskill students, gives common sprits and doesn’t have boundaries. In this study, how education and training system editing to give answer to industrial 4.0 necessities will be examined. At the same time, there will be an evaluation of our countries current situation by revealing principles of this study. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21566 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21566 Meyrem DEVECİ, Eylem GÜZEL Orientalism is a determinant mentality with regards to Western World for the formation of the relations between West and East at the end of 18th century and in the 19th century. Rooted from a distant past, orientalism made progress as a science field in 19th century. Derived from the French term “Orientalisme”, Orientalism appears before us as various art forms on Eastern World towards the mid-century, while being used as a term referring to the examination of eastern people in terms of language, religion and history in the beginning. In this field, it is possible to encounter with the orientalist effects on many works of graphic design. In these examples used for the design of advertisement products, it is also possible to find the traces of Asian culture, most of which is from Ottoman Empire (Turkish-Islamic) within the concept “East”. Started to be used at the early parts of 20th century as an advertisement product, these examples have conserved their characteristic of continuity. Most the examples are on the design of cigarette products. It is also possible to come across with Eastern images on journal cover designs, billboards and posters. These images are originated from palace life within the Ottoman Culture, particularly from various themes like harem culture, daily life and 1001 nights. The emphasis is mostly centered upon the woman identity within the Asian Culture. While some of the examples directly reflect the cultural life styles, some of them involve symbolic references. This study is on the orientalist effects over graphic design. No comprehensive academic study, carried out on this subject, has been found. On the study, it is also discussed the manner how the Eastern culture is reflected on the graphic design practices. After a deep analysis on the representative images within the advertisements, where orientalist effects can be seen, it is examined thoroughly the efficiency level of Orientalism on the respective examples, with a descriptive analysis and critical approach, as well. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21543 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21543 Sungur DOĞANÇAY Wahhabism was one of the worst incidents annoying the Ottoman State, which firstly occurred in the Arabian Peninsula at the end of the 18th century and later became a dangerous opponent for Iraq, Persian Gulf, Asia, and Iran. This Islamic sect –which was established so as to restore and rehabilitate Islam– later became a looter, a troublemaker, and a bloody-hand terrorist group in a short period of time, who started to kill the others who were not Wahhabi. On the other hand, the group got favourable results and occupied the strategically important areas in a short time. As a result, it attracted first Britain’s and later the other European countries’ attention, who later started to build good relations with this group. If they had good relations, they could have found a powerful but an illegal ally. Additionally, this relations could be a good trump against both France and the Ottoman State. British plan was to move France France and the Ottoman State from Iraq away. After this, they could establish a protectorate in Iraq. The members of Wahhabism also desired to be allied with one of the most influential countries in Iraq, they built a good relations in a short period of time. Yet, it was understood that this affair was completely against Wahhabism in Iraq even its surroundings. British used Wahhabi members for their interest but did not let them dominate the region. They got strong in Iraq by taking advantage of the political, economic and martial turmoil of the Ottoman State throughout the XIX. Century. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21589 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21589 Selma ELYILDIRIM In classical language teaching methods, the weight is first given to the grammar, and the acquisition of the lexical items used in that language are relegated to the secondary position as by-products to be gained through the learning of grammar rules. However, as Wilkins (1972) points out, it is possible to express very little without grammar, but without words, nothing can be conveyed, even the items relating grammar. Since this fact has been presented by many researchers with emphasis on the necessity of vocabulary knowledge, the importance given to vocabulary knowledge has increased in the language teaching, and also language teaching methods developed from the words, especially the content words, frequently used in any language have gained momentum since the last quarter of the 20th century. The developed language teaching methods emphasize the importance of the fixed expressions made up of the words which intensively co-occur rather than individual words. In many of the earlier studies, there are explanations concerning the benefit fixed expressions provide in encoding and decoding the new language learners try to acquire. The results of computer-based studies have also shown that formulaic language is used extensively in the sentences and texts produced by native speakers (Erman and Warren, 2000, Schmitt and Carter, 2004: 1). In view of these explanations, this study examined to what extent fixed phrases were used by learners of Turkish and which fixed phrases are preferred most frequently. The data used in the study came from a small-scale corpus generated from two compositions written by 45 Swahili speakers who came to Turkey to attend the School of Medicine in different universities. Before their education, they had to learn Turkish for an academic year in the preparatory course offered by Turkish Learning and Research Center (TÖMER) in Gazi University. If they were successful in the exam at the end of the year, they could start their education. After collecting the data, the commonest fixed phrases occurring in the compositions of the participants were identified and their influence on the effective and fluent use of the language production was investigated. The results obtained from both the quantitative and qualitative analyses showed that Swahili speakers learning Turkish made use of fixed phrases in their written production. However, they were restricted in number and variety. In view of the results, the place of fixed phrases in Turkish teaching was evaluated and the methods and techniques that can be applied to teach them effectively were discussed. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21559 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21559 Nurten GÖKALP The concept of person can be defined as the metaphysical principle of unity underlying subjective experience, which may be conceived as dependent upon the given organism or as distinct in nature; And the quality of uniqueness and persistence through changes by virtue of which any person call himself and leading to distinction among selves. According to Iqbal, human life depends on the process of the world as an independent reality from him. This life is a suitable life in the form of development towards perfection for people who are constantly moving and changing naturally. Muhammed Iqbal is the famous Islamic thinker and his thoughts originated from Islamic belief and culture. In connection with his views on human beings, the concept of person especially the development of person is important for Iqbal’s thoughts. For Iqbal whose thoughts are grounded on Qur’an and classical Islamic biographies in Qur’an, about man, three things appear clearly. Man is the best creature chosen by Allah. In spite of all his deficiencies is given the part on earth by Allah as His substitute and representative. Man is the safe keeper of independent personality he has accepted by throwing himself being into danger. These three points indicate the human personality in the thoughts of Iqbal which is called philosophy of ego. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21587 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21587 Melike GÖKCAN The archetypal criticism, a work-centered examination method that takes its source from the Jung's "collective unconscious" theory, is aimed at the accumulation of the common history of all humanity. The mutual culture of humanity exists in individuals’ unconscious mind,implicit and potential knowledge level. The cultural background fuels by a rich network such as history of religions, mythology, history of civilizations. The deep cultural infrastructure becomes known with symbols in literary works and language of allegory. It is certain that a story that has an extensive coverage in the Bible and the Qur'an, especially as Joseph story have rich deep structure with the turn into a literary text. In this kind of texts, the deep layers of the main story described on the surface is told another story through the archetypal pattern. This deep story that is fictionalized in the language of symbols, is “ A Hero With A Thousand Faces” by Campbell created with feeding from Jung and Eliade. Jung refers to the existence of a journey towards the center, which is main source of individuals own existence in individualization process. This journey call reaches the individual by the symbols of the self archetype. Campbell derives the the typology of the "seeker human" in deep reading of literary works from this point of view. The road theme is not only for the target text, but also clears up on the search for the self-values of the "reader" that maybe integrated with the essence. In this study, Joseph and Zulaikha story will be interpreted in depth reading in the light of the theories developed by the theorists such as Jung, Eliade and Cambell. The aim of the study is to disclose the layers of meaning of inner journeys parallel to the outer journey in the story and analyze archetypal pattern. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21584 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21584 Mehmet Ali GÜNDOĞDU The 19th century is a time when the Ottoman Empire underwent a great change in almost all areas, especially in politics, society and culture. The direction of this great transformation process is certainly Western civilization. The Tanzimat intellectuals have brought new ideas imported from the West into their articles, novels, plays and poems. Interestingly, at such a time when the wind of Westernization adds to everything, in the works of the Tanzimat intellectuals, the Islamic references and the history of Islamic history, which have not been emphasized much before, are being used. The intellectuals of the period, especially the New Ottomans, began to search for ideas that played an important role in Western enlightenment in Islamic sources. They have tried to base Western origin ideas such as constitutionalism, reason, will, work, liberty, nation, unity, science, law and right on the roots of Islam, early eaxamples of Islamic history. They also expressed these thoughts on various characters in the fictional works they received. According to the New Ottomans, the religion of Islam encourages to learn, to progress, to development. Moreover, the religion of Islam is suitable for a system of constitutionality in today's sense. The “biat” culture at the beginning of Islam also shows the existence of this system. The legitimacy of the four caliphs as administrators became possible by allegiance to them. Even Namik Kemal claimed that the state established by the Prophet have been a republic. Freedom is God's gift. Nobody gets this right from human. The free person also has freedom of thought. It is especially necessary to stand on the way Namık Kemal looks at the idea of the homeland. This theme holds great importance both in his articles and poems, and in his fictional works such as plays and novels. Kemal showed the love of the motherland as a means of faith. It also combines the idea of homeland in the Western sense with the values in the roots of Islam. He gave a sacredness to his homeland with the sacred places like Kabe, Ravza, Masjid al-Aqsa and Kerbela. He filled many vital values to the concept of the homeland saying in this country laying the bodies of the Prophet, his friends and the martyrs who died during struggling to defend the Islam and saying that this lands were watered with the martyr's blood. Kemal combined the idea of patriotism with Islamic endeavor like this. In this article, how the Tanzimat period’s intellectuals especially Namik Kemal, Ziya Pasha, Ali Suavi have mentioned the themes above and work on the basis of the sources of Islam through sample texts and poems will explain. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21486 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21486 Cemil İNAN, Serdar ERKUŞ Bibliotherapy can be defined as a technique by which one can improve self-knowledge and resolve his or her problems by reading. The objective of the present study is to examine the impact of bibliotherapy technique on mathematical achievements and attitudes of junior high school 8th grade students. In the study, the mixed technique that included both qualitative and quantitative research methods was used. The study sample included 48 students (24 in study and 24 in control group) who were attending the 8th grade in a public junior high school in Kayapınar district in the province of Diyarbakır during the 2016-2017 academic year. An achievement test and a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers were used to collect the study data. The achievement test was applied as both pre-test and post-test to the students in control and study groups and dependent and independent samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. The students in the study group were interviewed using the semi-structured interview form after the application and the content analysis was conducted on the collected data. The study findings demonstrated that the bibliotherapy technique positively changed students' bias, fears and perceptions, and also increased interests, willingness and general stimulation levels of the students in the class, leading to an increase in mathematical achievements of the students. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21515 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21515 Mustafa İNCE Jerusalem, which has been sacred for three semiawi religions for centuries, is a region that needs to be protected and preserved. Apart from Turkey, the necessary importance and efforts were not shown for Jerusalem, but with its recognition as the capital of Israel by US President Donald Trump, many reactions and warnings have come from many countries concerning the issue. The strongest, most serious and most firm answer to this decision is given by the government of the Republic of Turkey. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has described Jerusalem as 'our red line' and has declared that he does not recognize the US president's decision. The incident, like the whole world, has also found wide coverage in our country's press. The media's view of events is often turned into a society's perspective. In this context, the media’s way of handling events is important in the formation of public opinion, in the unification of public opinion and in the act of public opinion. Thanks to the attitude of the media towards this event, public opinion has been established. There have been protests against this decision all around the world, especially in Turkey. In this study, it’s aimed to review the news about US President Donald Trump’s Jerusalem declaration in December 3, from the five of the highest-circulation national newspapers published in Turkey. In the literature section of the study, the effects of mass media on society and the functions of mass media are mentioned. In the research (review) section of the study, for the next 3 days after Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, headlines and news about Jerusalem in the first pages of high-circulation newspapers (5 national newspapers) are reviewed and analyzed. According to the findings of the study, all of the newspapers reviewed reported Jerusalem in headlines in the first day after the announcement of the president of the United States. Again as seen in the study, newspapers used very strong language and tone especially in their first day's headlines. Also in the study, it was observed that these newspapers reported Jerusalem on their first pages for 3 days. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21573 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21573 Harun KISACIK Based on the financial information produced by the Accounting business documents with related parties (investors, banks, suppliers, etc.) To be transmitted correctly is very important. Business related parties use financial information generated by the accounting department when they decide on the business. The financial crises that took place in the shrinking world market due to rapid developments and globalization in technology have affected the whole world and once again revealed the importance of accountancy. Parallel to these developments, a forensic accounting profession has emerged that deals with financial crimes. In some cases, the judge may need special or technical information to resolve the dispute in legal cases. Expert lists of expert and real legal entities that meet the criteria for admission of expertise and who complete basic training of expertise are established by Expert Regional Committees. Specialist or technical knowledge outside the law, expertise with specific criteria, completed basic training in expertise, registered on the list of experts, and public officials and judges, as long as they serve. In legal cases dealing with the issue of accountability, the accounting expert, a sub-branch of the forensic accountant, disputes the necessary special or technical knowledge. The aim of the study is to introduce the profession of accounting expertise, which is a sub-branch of judicial accounting, in the context of the Expertise Law No. 6754, which aims to provide information on forensic accounting and to remove the problems related to the expertise profession in legal cases in late 2016 and to provide uniformity. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21532 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21532 Erol KUYMA Senglâh, which is a dictionary of Chagatai and Persian is a rich work of art in point of vocabulary. Written by Mirza Muhammed Mehdi Han, it is prepared by scanning the works of art of big poets like Lütfi Hüseyin Baykara, notably Ali Şir Nevai. Mehdi Han also while preparing the work of art scanned the Chagatai Kelile and Dimne, Babür Divanı and Babürname. Senglah, whose word meaning is stony place, was written between the years 1758-1760. In this work, through the rich language material of Senglah, “animal names which is composed of colour names comes up”. Animal names have an important rate in the vocabulary of dictionaries. Animal names which are in the dictionaries of Turkish language play an imporatant role in point of richness of vocabulary of Turkish language. Also it involves knowledge which comes from the past and goes on future about the Turkish social life. When the meaning of colours which is supplied in social life come together with the other vocabularies, it adds a new dimension to the power of language expression. İn Turkish culture, animal names sometimes expressed by the language of colours. These names give a second meaning to the meaning of colour. Animal names contained with the colour names in the work of art are dealed with these titles: aġ baba, aġ buġa, ala böke, ala toġan, alca serçe, ala ḳarga, ḳara ḳuş, ḳara ḳulaġ, kara bataḳ, ḳara tal, ḳara baş, ḳara boġaz, ḳara tavuḳ, baġrı ḳara, ḳızıl ala, ḳızıl ayaġ, ḳızıl tüglü, sarıça, sarıġ kuş, yaşıl baş , gög ḳarga , çaḳır ḳanat. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21586 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21586 İbrahim MAMMADOV In the post-Cold War globalizing world, relations between countries, trade volumes and freight rates have continued to grow day by day. After the "war" between socialism and capitalism ended with the supremacy of the latter, the countries which became the center of socialism also turned to the market economy gradually. After the collapse of 70-year long totalitarian Soviet regime, Azerbaijan, which restored its independent, started to switch to the market economy. This process continued from 1991 untill 2009. The integration of Azerbaijan into the world market was also important together with the transition to market economy. Nevertheless, newly independent from the Soviet Union, with collapsed economy based on the Socialist system, Azerbaijan on the one hand faced the danger of re-occupation by Russia, and on the other hand Armenia’s separatist activities and the absence of political stability in the regions of Nagorno-Karabakh and its surroundings made it even more difficult. The integration process which has been continuing for 26 years, and is still going on; regional and worldwide importance of ‘The contract of the century’, Baku-Tiflis-Ceyhan oil pipeline, Baku-Tiflis-Erzurum gas pipeline, Baku-Tiflis-Kars railway, TANAP, TAP projects and the overall formation of the economy in those years have been analyzed, problems were mentioned with recommended solutions. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21575 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21575 Canan OLPAK KOÇ Roman-type texts, on the one hand, enable the reader to feel the subconscious processes which are virtually impossible to demonstrate on the other side of human existence while witnessing different fictional experiences. Especially modern period fiction has more people centered and reflects existential concerns in relation to man himself and the other. In this sense, Gürsel Korat's Rüya Körü “Dream-Blind” novel is an interesting example. Rüya Körü, a novel that shows that the basic human existence problems are not only related to the time zone in which they live, tells the interesting adventure of two characters Stefanos and Andronikos. This paper will attempt to explain the antecedent view of the dream fraternity that begins with the anxiety of Stefanos and Andronikos' "existence" of the novel characters. The story of Stefanos and Andronikos who saw the past in his dream in Gürsel Korat's Rüya Körü novel. For this reason, both are considered dream-blind. These characters, with their different characteristics, face the reader at the same time and struggle to exist in a historical plane. The life of Andronikos, who grew up without a mother, who had no love from her father, who was driven out near the emperor, and who, as Stefanos thinks, became increasingly devalued, lost his self-esteem and became an emperor as power and power. To gain self-respect and empire authority is a different happiness for both characters. It is seen that these two characters who have chosen the way and the journey in the way of completing the existence in the novel Rüya Körü sound differently to every age man. There is an answer to the universal quest in this story of fraternity that converges around the "being" anxiety. Stefanos, trying to make sense of his identity by asking questions to the value judges of the society that he thinks belongs to ambition and power keeper Andronikos, can be considered as an example of human existence struggle. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21578 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21578 Hilal ÖZEL, Hasan KAPLAN Where do religion, religious belief and religiosity placed on moral emotion, thought and behavior? Is religious belief effective on morality? Does being religious also mean being moral? Or inversely, does being not religious or not having a God belief mean being immoral? Classical theories on the relationship between religion and morality claim that religion strengthen morality and suppress the negative emotions of the individual. However, empirical studies can have different or contrary results with these classical theories. Both religion and morality have complex elements and the different combinations of these elements pave the way for different religion-morality relationships. A detailed examination of the studies on religion-morality relationship is, it would seem, essential to highlight the future studies conducted in this vein. In our study, various relationships between religion and morality in the English literature were examined; nonetheless, due to the nature of the study no experimental work was conducted. In this study, firstly, the description of morality and its content were explained; secondly, the study seperates the literature into five categories in appropriate with the categories which are set four different religion-morality relationship in the study. According to these four religion-morality relationships, religion positively influences morality; religion negatively influences morality; religion and morality are unconnected and the relationship between religion and morality is complex. The most important finding obtained from this study is that because both religion and morality are multi-dimensional structures, the effect of religion on morality is rather complicated. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21545 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21545 Aytaç ÖREN When literary terms are translated and transferred from what language they belong to into Turkish, a second challenging task to be done will come to exist. This hard task is to make the Turkish equivalents of literary terms Turkish. Of course, it is an undeniable problem that those who deal with literary translations are lacking in their mastery of Turkish and the field of the text which they translate. However, it is another problem and a more distressing situation to find Turkish equivalents to current literary approaches and theoretic concepts and also to wait for translators to do this task. Because some literary terms have been translated either in multiple and various expressions, which could be different from each other, or in expressions, which have not been transformed completely into Turkish and are too long to comprehend. At the same time, it shows the shortcomings of the people in our own literature who are expected to follow the literary agenda globally and to make their conceptual equivalents Turkish. A negative picture emerges in the form of the fact that these problems have not been too much emphasized, a cooperative study for literary terms troublesome to make Turkish has not been carried out, so some concepts leading to differences in understanding within the language have come into existence, and consequently there has sometimes been confusion in terms. As a result, translation texts (Turkish) which will provide resources for the field of literature are brought to our language by those who do not have literature field knowledge. Also those who research in (Turkish) literature field cannot internalize current literary trends. These two things sterilize the texts which have been introduced or will be introduced into our language by means of translation. The basis of these troubles lies in looking for Turkish equivalents without forming a thought substructure and in attempting to make these terms Turkish in this way. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21455 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21455 Abdullah SELVİTOPU, Metin KAYA , Ali TAŞ The purpose of this study is to examine the educational sciences scientific publication performance of Turkey and G-20 countries relatively by using some bibliometric data. This study was designed as a case study. Study group composed of Turkey and other G-20 countries. Bibliometric variables for educational sciences were obtained from SCImago and Ulakbim databases. Data analysis was processed with document analysis technique. Findings show that the number of published documents has increased dramatically in most of the G-20 countries since 2012. That is the same case for citable documents variable. Turkey is in the upper level for those variables. As for the cites and citation rates, the rank differs considerably. While Turkey is in a better place for the first three variables, its citation rate rank is far below the table. On the other hand, h-index and impact factor vary greatly among the countries and some specific countries attract more attention with their performance values. To sum up, Turkey, with its documents, citable documents and cites, has relatively better statistics than citation rate, h-index and impact factor. This shows that the success gained in quantitative variables does not reflect positively on qualitative ones. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21625 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21625 Çiğdem Nilüfer UMAR, Faruk KANGER This study aims at developing a valid and reliable measuring tool in order to determine some universal ethical values of 10-13 year-old children. Küçükçekmece and Bağcılar districts in İstanbul province were randomly selected for the research sample. In these districts, primary and secondary schools were chosen randomly. A total of 328 students were attended in the selected applications in different state and private schools. When all the response forms are examined, 28 incomplete answer forms are considered invalid. The item pool of the Universal Ethical Values Scale contains forty-eight items. The KMO value of the Universal Ethical Values Test and the results of the Bartlett test were assessed and, since the values are meaningful statistically, it was decided that the data set is factorable. The structural validity of the scale was determined based on the factorial analysis. The structural validity was analyzed, based on the theoretical explanations, using three factors: cognitive, emotional and behavioral. These three dimensions account for the 53,733% of the variation. The reliability of the scale was 0,970 Cronbach Alpha factor. At the end of this study, it could be argued that the Universal Ethical Values Scale is a valid and reliable measuring tool in order to determine 10-13 year-old kids’ certain universal ethical values at the cognitive, emotional and behavioral level. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21565 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21565 Çulpan ZARİPOVA ÇETİN The cradle is a symbol of the womb of nature, reminiscent of Noah's Ark, thanks to which all living things could survive. From birth to death a man yearns for the mother's womb, in which he was an embryo. And throughout his life he tries to create something like him (cradle, bed and coffin). Despite the fact that the cradle can be found anywhere in the world, its true inventors are the Turks. And the fact that he was always in shape, comfortable for the nomadic way of life of the Turkic tribes, made it unique. However, the fact that the Tatars, in comparison with all other Turkic tribes, moved to a sedentary way of life much earlier and lived in harsh climatic conditions, manifested itself in the form of the cradle used by them. The cradle of the Tatars is suspended from the ceiling. Among the family traditions of Tatars, performed after the birth of a child, is the tradition of putting it in a cradle, in other words, "a lullaby wedding." After giving the child a name, they put him in a cradle and on this day only women are called on a feast. Everyone, looking at the financial situation, brings the newborn a money or a gift. In some areas of Tatarstan the mother of the mother gives birth to the cradle. In many other areas, the mother-in-law and the father of the newborn bring the cradle. The most vivid example of this was preserved in the epos of the period of the Golden Horde "Idegey". Previously, the Tartars wove from willow twigs and affectionately called it Talbishek. In addition, around the cradle there are many beliefs. The newly-born in the cradle personified the continuation of the family and even the whole nation. And also - peace in the family. Swinging the baby in the cradle, the mother or grandmother sang and to this day they sing lullabies. Thus, with the help of the tender voice of the mother or grandmother, the infant cognized the world around him. Lullaby songs from the Tatars are called - "bishek zhyry." Despite the fact that we have seen a lot of scientific literature, this topic in Tatar folklore is not fully explored. As a result of this study, it was shown that the cradle, which is the cultural value of any people, also plays an important role in the life of the Tatars. The beliefs that have developed around the cradle, and the proverbs and sayings associated with it, have also been subjected to serious research on our part. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21597 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21597 Erdal AKSOY Cultural studies started with the establishment of the Birmingham Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies in 1964 as a critical and interdisciplinary project in England. Founders of this center include Richard Hoggart, Raymond Williams, Edward P. Thompson and Stuart Hall. Later on, cultural studies, that have sought to become a scientific discipline with the name British cultural studies, have concentrated their research on culture and cultural politics. Therefore, cultural phenomena, which has been the most basic field of anthropology and sociology, has become the basic interest of the cultural studies. The institutionalization of cultural studies in Turkey, unlike the West, coincides with the aftermath of 1999. The discipline finds a place in Western languages/philology in particular, and the English language and literature departments. Both institutionalization and literature of cultural studies point to Western languages/ philology departments. From this point of view, it can be said that philology is the main focus of cultural studies and the cultural studies progressed as the transfer of English-American literatures into Turkish. When we look at the institutionalization process of cultural studies in Turkish universities; first it started at a foundation university namely Sabancı University in 1999, at undergraduate and graduate level, then at Bilgi University, Boğaziçi University, and Middle East Technical University at the graduate level, and finally at the City University, at the graduate level. These programs provide degrees to undergraduate and graduate students. In this study, the process of institutionalization of cultural studies established in Turkish universities was limited to the five universities in which this field was first established. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21591 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21591 Mehmet Halil ÇİÇEK The Turkish school of interpretation from the period of the Ottoman Empire is an ancient school with past experiences, present experiences and future aspirations. It has its characteristics and features, and has its features and characteristics, which determines its entity, and distinguish its structure. The Turkish interpretive school has gained in the last two centuries, especially with the proliferation of scientific means and the universities are a strong scientific entity worthy of consideration. There are clear lines of the old methods of interpretation of rhetoric, statement, expression, language, quoting ancient poems, discussing some of the rhetorical issues, discussing jurisprudential rulings, the traditional interpretation, and transportation from his masters, Ibn Abbas and his disciples. In addition to this adherence to the old, we see the Turkish interpretation is uninterrupted from the age in which he lived. It is included in the Turkish interpretation; the scientific interpretation, where he addressed the social issues that are most concerned with the contemporaries, and the scientific interpretation sought by the intellectuals, and the lines of broad Salafi trend, the mystical direction, in which there is a strong mass of the modernist trend, in which a popular trend, and in it a very corner of objective interpretation. The Turkish interpretation is written in Turkish, but it is written in Arabic and other languages. And from which it was numbered within the volume, and from two volumes to more than twenty volumes. Also in the Turkish community there is an effort to translate the the main interpretations into Turkish. As for the great number of Quranic translations and the great number of thousand in the sciences of the Qur’an and the objective interpretation, there is nothing wrong with them. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21592 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21592 Feyzi ÇİMEN In this article the circumstances that govern the attachment of case suffixes to verbs in Uzbek are examined. The conditions under which the case suffixes attach to the verbs are studied. Case suffixes have a much more important position than the other suffixes because they provide all kinds of functions between names and verbs. The case endings, which include names and noun words; are important grammatical categories that allows names and phrases to be associated with various tasks and functions. The case category between verb and noun requires a harmony from the perspective of single-plural, possessive, subject and time. Otherwise, the relationship between two elements will be weak or ambiguous. In other words, the element which will be connected to the verb must have certain conditions and specialties. We are going to name the condition and specialty which require verbs to be connected to themselves from the perspective case category valence. The case suffixes can bind a noun to a noun, a noun to a preposition; but we will dwell on the suffixes that link a name to another name. More precisely, we will classify them under several heading by showing which the case suffixes the verbs demand from the nouns that connect to them in Uzbek. In the Uzbek Turkic grammar, the case suffixes have been reviewed under ten chapters which include accusative, locative, dative, ablative, instrumental, equative, limitative and directive. Even though there are ten case categories which have been mentioned, genitive case, relating only between nouns, is not included in our study. In this article, nominative case is also disregarded to keep the focus clear. Verbs which have case suffixes are named valence and other verbs which do not have case suffixes are not named unvalence. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21590 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21590 Aysel GÜNİNDİ ERSÖZ Violence is generally defined as hardness, rigidity and brute force, however, it is a complex phenomenon shaped by social, cultural, psychological, legal, biological and environmental factors. Nowadays, individuals live in a spiral of violence. Beginning with the family institution, violence is encountered in every layer of society. Violence against women, children, health workers, the civilian population, even self-harm become a regular part of everyday life. One of the reasons of violence often encountered in recent years is the violence caused by "road rage" in traffic. Violence can be increased by biological, psychological and socio-cultural reasons, as well as by population pressures, noncompliance with traffic rules, and congestion in traffic due to increasing number of vehicles. Once the traffic rules are broken, no sanctions are introduced and the rate of violation of the rules is increased bacause of this reason. The increase in the number of those who do not comply with the rules, and the absence of proper sanctions cause increasing anger among the drivers. Among the socio-cultural factors, the first socio-cultural factor is that violence is socially approved behavior. Moreover, societal approval of some masculine traits such as fighting and brute force makes the traffick an area in which male drivers try to prove their superiority over others, and these factors are affecting violent incidents. For example, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of drivers who have taken video of the violations they have committed in recent years on the roads and broadcast them via social media. Briefly, from sociological point of view, it is known that the modernization, individualization, increasing immigration towards the big cities, impermanence, alienation, self-worthlessness and feelings of meanlessness may lead to events of violence. In this review study, a theoretical evaluation is made on causes and consequences of violent incidents in traffic from different theoretical approaches. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21628 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21628 Faruk YAMANER, Gülten İMAMOĞLU This study is to investigate the effects of the intended colors on the performances of the athletes and the teams. The colors used by sportsmen in the sport are generally red, blue and white. Colors are categorized as hot and cold colors. T-shirts, shorts and leggings, especially in the soccer field, are seen using red, blue and white and their mixed colors. Some soccer teams seem to prefer these colors or combinations of these colors, rather than their national flag colors. Since colors affect human psychology, it is thought that they will affect the athletes and their performance will be more or less influential. There is widespread belief that athletes may improve performance. Research in the sports field has shown that dressing style and colors create perceptual differences due to the effects on the individual. Color pick of individual and team athletes can affect the sportive performance a little of. If the athletes and teams are equal in terms of condition, technique and the like, this effect may be more reflected as a result. As a result, it is observed that colors are used by sportsmen for different purposes in sport fields. Colors can have positive effects on clothing worn on the sports field, such as attracting attention, feeling change, improving performance, finding a goal, resting and recovering. The athletes must be allowed to wear clothes in colors they like unless they are obliged. The effect of colors on athletes should be investigated in a wider population than age, education, gender and sports branches. Psychologists and coaches should observe the effects of colors on the athletes. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21577 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21577 Aslıhan YILDIZ The children’s books that take their subject, heroes or fiction from religious content, can be classified as children’s religious books. Unlike the other children’s books, these books that include educational and instructional aspects, they provide significant contribution to their religious development besides affective, personal and social development of children. When the cognitive, affective, social, moral and religious levels of the target children are taken into consideration, it has great importance that the children’s religious books are prepared considering the development level of children and especially the process of their religious development. Far from supporting their religious development, to see these books as a means by which religious content is conveyed directly to the child can cause permanent negative effect on children’s world. By the reason of the differences in features of religious development of all ages, changes in religious interest and needs is also important for the children’s religious books How should a religious subject that includes lots of abstract concept be given to a child? What is the religious interest and need of the child? Is it different depending on the age? How should be the religious language especially in the children’s books that are language product? It is unlikely to answer all these questions without knowing religious development of children. In this context, it is very important for children’s books that include religious content to be prepared considering the religious development field. In this study, the children’s books about the Prophet Mohammad has been assessed by content analysis method that is one of the qualitative research methods and it has been handled whether the content of the books are appropriate for religious development of children. As a result, it is deduced that the children’s books prepared in this regard have been prepared without being taken into consideration the religious development level of children and they have been prepared for adults and with adult’s viewpoint. 2024-08-29