https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=370 Turkish Studies - International en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21268 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21268 AHMET ADIGÜZEL The oldest accessible Turkish written sources are the Orkhon Inscriptions dating back to 7th century and the widely used Uighur texts during the period which is known as the writing period until 13th century. The term ‘Old Turkish’ refers to the language which was used around Upper Yenisey, Orkhun, Talas, Aral Sea, Transoxiana, Mongolian moorlands and agricultural areas, before acceptance of Islam. With the regard of the Turks’ social correspondence, socio-economic and socio-cultural existence and beliefs, Old Turkish can be studied in two different scientific areas. These are Gokturk language and Uighur language. Comparing those two languages, the traces of west Turkish, in other words Oghuz language, are more accessible in the Gokturk language. After Oghuz tribe started the permanent settlement in Anatolia, by internalizing versatile and different movements of thoughts required by that new lifestyle, they built the Turkish-Islamic civilization by both making translations and writings contributing to the cultural life of that time. Experiencing a Turkic renaissance in various scientific areas, Oghuzs managed to catch the Oghuz dialect up to a standard language. The work named as Râhat’un-Nüfûs is a book which takes the sexual health into consideration, is written by the Mustafa Ali from Gallipoli (Gelibolulu Mustafa Ali). It is a literally bâh’name which is a genre that is about sexual health. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20977 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20977 Shahla AHMADOVA One of the processes arousing interest in linguistics and depending on language exterior factors directly is enantiosemy. Enantiosemy is explained as the feature of the same word, expression denoting antonym, opposite meanings in linguistics literature. Enantiosemy known to the science community as a language process since XIX century even attracted S.Freud’s attention and he was also one of those who spoke about the existence of opposite meanings in the words for the first time. The view of examples on enantiosemy in sources related to different languages illustrates the boundaries of this areal.( Arabian, English, Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbian etc.) This feature shows it standing beyond a language. Enantiosemy is observed not only inside one language, but also among related languages. Few examples are found on enantiosemy in the Azerbaijani language. Almost the same examples are repeated in its textbooks, dictionaries: these are usually words yaman (1. Pis (bad) Yaman günün ömrü az olar (After rain comes fair weather). 2.Sometimes it is used in the meanings “çox yaxşı”( very good) , “əla”( excellent),Yaman dedin (You said very well) ), keçinmək (1.Dolanmaq, yaşamaq.(to live) Bu təqaüdlə bir ay keçinmək olar (You can live a month with this pension). 2. Ölmək. (to die) Yaralı artıq keçinmişdi (The injured man had already died), gülmək (to laugh) (1. Expressing his or her sense producing characteristic sounds as a result of a certain feeling, opposite of the word to cry. Nə qədər yaraşır insana gülmək (How suits a man to laugh ). 2. İstehza etmək,ələ salmaq, lağ eləmək.(to mock)“Molla Nəsrəddin”belələrinə gülürdü (“Molla Nasraddin” laughed at such kind of people) ) Researches show that the process of occuring two opposite meanings in the semantic structure of the word in the Azerbaijani language still continues. For example, meaning capacity of the words like qiymətsiz (1. Dəyərsiz, dəyəri olmayan(worthless). Qiymətsiz əşya (worthless thing). 2. Çox dəyərli, qiymətli olan(valuable). Qiymətsiz hədiyyə ( a valuable gift), dəhşət (horror) (1. Strong feeling of fear. 2. It is used in the meanings “Çox yaxşı”, (“very good”), “çox gözəl”( “very beautiful”) Dəhşət filmdir (Film is very good) ) contains meanings of antonym. The process of registering opposite meanings of some words is slow because opposite meanings of the word appear occasionally at first. There is also an example to enantiosemy among dialects in the Azerbaijani language.There are cases of using the word Qolay (easy) differently, even in the opposite meaning to each other in dialects. In the Azerbaijani language enantiosemy shows itself not only in lexical units, but also in phraseological combinations: can vermək : 1. son dəqiqələrini yaşamaq, ölüm ayağında olmaq (to breathe one’s last). Qoca can verir ( An old man breathes his last). 2. diriltmək, həyat vermək.( to bring life) Yağış quru torpağa can verdi ( The rain brought life to the dry land) ).This process is valued as homonymic phraseological combinations and enantiosemy in linguistic literature. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21667 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21667 Munise AKSÖZ The aim of the present study is to give theoretical information about ‘Paratexte’, to illuminate subheadings about it partially and to give examples from Turkish literature as much as possible. Genette defines ‘Paratexte’ as all side elements which exist about a published book and do not exist in the original text; yet, belong to the text and complete it and he classifies Paratexte into two main categories. The first one is ‘Written Elements around the Text’ (Peritexte) and the second is ‘Elements around the Book’ (Epitexte). ‘Written Elements around the Text’ (Peritexte) involves all the written elements on, inside, on the right, on the left of the book. In short, all the writings on or inside the book which are not included in the original text but complete it. Genette divides written elements around text (Peritexte) into two categories. These are ‘publishing peritext’ and ‘authorial peritext’. Whereas ‘publishing peritext’ includes style, index, book cover, inner cover, font and font size, ‘authorial peritext’ involves book title, name of the author, preface, contents, subtitles, bywords and promotional writings on the book. ‘Elements around the Book’ are elements like writings, adverts, conversations, speeches which are neither on the book or inside it but are published in other places related to the book. Genette divides epitexte into two categories as well and the first one is ‘public epitexte’ and the other one is ‘private epitexte’. Within ‘public Epitexte’; “publishing peritext”, “semi-official allographic epitexts” and “public authorial epitexts” exist; whereas; within ‘private epitexte’; “correspondence”, “diaries”, “private conversations” exist. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21215 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21215 Gizem AKYOL The slum culture, where all kinds of carnivaleque experience is had, creates an identity for those who live there. The slum dweller lives there together with the similar ones. Because of this relationships, he is the one “from there”, but in the face of the charm of the city, he is the one who “cannot be from there”. In the novel Berci Kristin Garbage Tales of Latife Tekin, because the people living Cicektepe neigbourhood cannot include the city in the zone of perception, they try to carry the city into the slum culture. However, this is not only spoils the pre-existing one, but also leads to a rise in cinflicting areas between the city and slums. This cahnge and transformation results in cultural fragmentation in terms of the people in Cicektepe neigbourhood. According to chronotope theory of Mikhail Bakhtin, who is one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century, in literature works, it is possible for time almost shapes in flesh and bones; as for place, it is possible to be given meaning by time and history. In this context, the cultural context felt through chronotops, although not spelled out in roman space and time, reveals that the problem of immigration and poverty has been examined at the end of the 1970s. Latife Tekin, as one of the main elements shaping the shanty experience, comes into contact with the "arabesque" process in various forms. Cicektepe is a threshold. Being in the city is the closest to getting the identity of the city; it is a place that cannot reconcile with the city due to different and contradictory cultural items. People live in Cicektepe, who cannot integrate with the existing social order, goes to a way of changing the existing ones in the direction of their own interests. At the uncertain time and in an ambiguous space, Berci Kristin Garbage Tales tells the story of the transition from 'berci' (pure and clean) to 'kristin' (prostitution and moral depression). 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21595 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21595 Gulhan AL-TURK The Mamluk state was established in Egypt and Syria between 1250 and 1517. This state is composed of slave trade and Kipchak, Oguz, Circassian, Mongol and various elements. Most of them were Kipchaks, the official language of this state has become Turkish. Because the Turks and the Arabs lived in the same region, they were intertwined due to commercial relations and social life and other reasons. In this period Arabic-Turkish dictionaries were written with the Arabic alphabet in order to teach Turkish to Arap people. These dictionaries include language knowledge since the dictionary nature. This work will focus on Arabic terms and abbreviations that govern Turkish pronunciation in Turkish education in the dictionaries written in Arabic alphabet during the period of Memlûk-Kıpçak. In the dictionaries examined, 1. Terms and abbreviations governing pronunciation of Turkish sounds that are not in Arabic 2. Terms and abbreviations that govern the thickness, thinness and contraction pronunciations of Turkish fame will be evaluated under two main headings. In this study, the Turkish dictionaries which are written using Arabic letters that belong to the Mamluk- Kipchak period will be examined and compiled with Arabic terms and symbols that illustrate how to pronunce Turkish words. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21530 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21530 Melik BÜLBÜL It is a fact that human beings have different thoughts. Each eye is a view, each view is an angle, and each angle is a different interpretation. Human has been looking at philosophical gaze into the world since the very beginning of the adventure of the creation of this world. Since every angle has its own view, every view naturally is of the opinion that its own view is true. Because without view, there is no perspective. Hereby, the various interpretations are the fact of human nature. This natural process, however, requires that the nature of the root meaning is not be ignored, and that the position of the fundamental meaning reveals the necessity of its originally formed conditions. Because of this, consistent meanings lead to interpretation difficulties in the process of reception. Since ancient times, philosophers / litterateur have tried to explain closed meanings of textual subjects according to their own worldviews and periodic feature, and even among themselves many different interpretations (perception forms and evaluations) have emerged for the same topics. In order to overcome this problem, different ways of understanding and inferencing theories have been put forward. Different interpretation methods have been established with factors such as reason, observation, intuitive perception, periodic conditions, interpreter's abilities, language case and textual context. Platon in this regard says: "People can not perceive the truth completely and can not be far from it. In this context, elephant metaphor is a striking example. Accordingly, Socrates express the following statement: "If the matter of dispute is known, every dispute ends." This study was elaborated to draw attention to the awareness criteria that the textual meaning can be evaluated by the recepteur in different perspectives in the interpretation and communication processes. By using comparison and sampling methods, some examination for the reader has been expressed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21406 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21406 Fatma BÜYÜKKARCI YILMAZ In the Ottoman Empire, menzil (destination, haltingplace) as a term is “an expression used to identify a place, a building or a lodging where the armies on the move, caravans, couriers and state officials spend the night, change horses or rest after they cover a certain distance. Till the end of the 17th century, Ottoman bureaucrats did not use any specific terms that could be exploited to distinguish and classify the destinations with regard to their functions. Destinations reserved for different reasons were perceived as one and the same due to name resemblance and thus their functions were somewhat get mixed. Yet destinations show different characteristics as military, pilgrimage, lodging, and destination complexes in respect to their abodes, organizations, running and functions. For instance, pilgrimage destinations are complexes and lodgings in which pilgrimage corteges stop by, shop at, rest in and visit shrines. Pilgrims under state patronage accompany the corteges in charge of delivering Surre corteges. In military itineraries, destinations are used for dispatch and subsistence of the army. In menzilnames (itineraries) that fictionalized with respect to destinations and distances between destinations, the author gives rather short information while narrating one destination passing to another. For instance, while narrating the sacred places and mosques that should be visited during a religious journey, authors give various informations about those places albeit very limited, such as: constitutions like madrasah, mosques if there are; the people living there, vineyards and gardens, banquets. In this study, the traces of social and material culture elements of cities (menzils) in the pilgrimage itineraries will be surveyed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21460 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21460 Nurettin ÇAKIR Beyond its identification with the Soviet Union and Stalin, the Gulag camps are known in history as the places where millions of Soviet people were forced to work. With the October 1917 Revolution, Russia's citizens suffering from the NKVD (KGB) inquiries had aspiration for equality, freedom and fraternety of peoples, and they could not make any sense to find themselves in the Gulag camps. It would be more accurate to speak of the place where human dignity dies, rather than discussing the contribution of the Gulag camps to the growth of the Soviet economy. The women also played an important role among the millions of prisoners in Gulag camps that Stalin had started and only after his death, a debate was started about the existence of the camps. Aside from being accused of theft, prostitution, priesthood, counter-revolutionism, being a spouse or relative of someone who was deported to the Gulag camps was considered as a sufficient reason for women to be sent to the Gulag camps. Women reacted differently to the realities of the Gulag camps, some were unable to cope with the living conditions and lost their lives in the camps while others were seeking to adapt and attain opportunities for their own benefits. Interestingly, some of the women accepted the camp life as a cross section of the flow of life and were even rewarded for their hard work. Children who were forced to live in exile together with their mothers in camps, formed another page of suffering. Another interesting subject is that the women survived the camp were skeptical of society and especially their own family and chose to be silent. The difference in viewpoint and conflict of opinion between Gulag women and their children were manifest in the tendencies they showed at different times. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21458 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21458 Yıldıray ÇAVDAR Word groups that are composed of two words having the same function (task) coming together are generally called reduplication or repeat group. Reduplications, which can be seen in may languages, are words that carry a resemblance or unity especially in terms of sound or meaning and assume various tasks in a sentence, adds rhythm (harmony) to the sentence, as well as fluency by supporting meaning with such functions as emphasis, reinforcement, enlivening, and expressing certainty. The phenomenon of reduplication is one of the most important assets of Turkish in terms of sound, concept and meaning. Indeed, one can see examples of reduplication beginning with the earliest written sources of Turkish. In this study, reduplications in the novel Devlet Ana (Parens Matriae/Patriae) by Kemal Tahir, who is one of the prominent novelists of Turkish Literature, were determined with their repeat numbers and subjected to a classification. The first edition of Devlet Ana, which was 623 pages, was published by Bilgi Yayınevi in 1967. Subsequently, it has been published numerous times by other publishing houses. Our study was based on the first edition mentioned above. We classified 448 different reduplications that we found in the novel as follows based on their meanings together with their numbers of use: 1) Those formed with repetition of the same word, 2) Those formed with repetition of synonyms or near synonyms, 3) Those formed with repetition of antonyms, 4) Those formed with onomatopoeic sounds (words), 5) Those formed with numbers, 6) Those formed with repetition of one meaningful an done meaningless. After all these procedures, we made observations concerning the author’s preferences with regard to his use of reduplications, his objectives and their reflections on his style. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21490 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21490 Gülay DURMAZ Divans have an important place in our history of literature as being rich sources for the language. As being national word treasures, proverbs and idioms exist in divans in abundance. Use of proverbs and idioms is the most impactful way of showcasing the power of the Turkish language. In this study, the idioms that consist of the word “head (bas)” will be examined in the divan of Lâmiî Celebi, who was one of the most productive of the classical literature. Lâmiî Çelebi (1473-1532) lived at the end of 15th century and the beginning of 16th century. The poet, who was known with his plenty of work in the area of poetry and propose, became especially famous and was called by the name Câmî-i Rûmî after bringing the work of Molla Câmî to the Turkish language. Lâmiî Çelebi preferred to work on the relatively unknown areas rather than translating the most popular work of the Fars literature. His divan was one of his most important pieces. His divan starts with a preamble, which is used to present the necessary information and techniques to write a poem. This indicates the extent of the effort he puts on poetry, language and art. His divan is quite rich in terms of Turkish words, local expressions and idioms. Lamii tried to transfer the cultural identity of the real life by reflecting the liveliness of his social life into his poems. One of these transfer tools was proverbs and idioms. The proverbs and idioms are plenty enough to be the topic of another examination. The idioms consist of the word “head (bas)”, which is one of the oldest words of Turkish, especially attract the attention. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21627 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21627 Emra DURUKAN, Kartal ÇELİKAY The interest in studies regarding translation teaching focuses mainly and gradually on the concept of translation competence. The reason is that one of the aims of translation teaching is to provide translation competence for students. Providing this translation competence to students who are taught academic translation on the basis of scientific researches instead of a basis of subjective standards will improve the quality of translation teaching. Furthermore, while academic translation teaching which also aims to provide translation competence is taking advantage from the field of scientific researches as well as it holds the power to define the quality of translation sector by its graduates. Therefore the goal of this study is to examine the approaches of the definition of translation competence in translational literature and to represent a comprehensive and systematic translation competence definition on the basis of the common aspects of these definitions. The theoretical fundament of this study, which focuses on embodying the definition of translation competence, consists of definitional studies in translational literature regarding translation competence complementing one another as a base to a certain extent or independent from each other up to a point. While the possible definition of the concept of translation competence is being suggested as a leading competence, constructivist and descriptive research methods are the focus in this study. According to the definition suggested in this study, translation competence consists of a total of thirteen sub-competencies which are competence of source language, competence of source culture and field-subject, source text analysis, ability to establish translation strategy, ability to determine research methods, competence of translation theories and methods, competence of target language, competence of target culture and field-subject, text construction, critical awareness and attention, usage of technology, usage of translation tools and usage of memory. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21610 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21610 Volkan GEMİLİ Sait Faik belongs to the group of Turkish writers who presented the primary examples of Turkish storytelling genre in the modern sense in post-Republic era. He achieved to be one of the most authentic writers of the genre with his distinctive style. He penned his works by applying the latest techniques of storytelling without repeating and rewriting what had been written by his predecessors. Besides, he became the precursor both for his contemporaries and for the modernist generation that rose after him. Sait Faik’s works are the first pieces to be visited by any writer who wishes to produce a fresh and genuine piece of story in Turkish literary tradition. He is a ground-breaking persona not only because of his authentic style or storytelling techniques but also because of the way he portrayed his story characters. Secret to his success lies in his narratives of commoners whom he had the chance to observe closely. Eventhough it became a rising tendency especially with the Tanzimat era, it would be correct to say that Sait Faik became the first Turkish writer who produced pieces about middle class and lower middle class people –the commoners- in a realistic and sincere approach without restraining his perspective and narratives by any artistic ecole, ideology or religious thought. In this work, we tried to describe the facts that Sait Faik builds his story characters and narrators depending on his own character and all these fiction personas carry traces from writer’s personal nature. To achieve this end we provided various examples from writer’s biography and works. Besides, we tried to prove that particularly the sense of loneliness, out of many characteristics of his, had a primary impact on the writer’s course of life and the creation of his works. To support this claim, we took the advantage of a reader varying from anecdotes on his life, his personal writings, interviews he gave and his literary works. We tried to conclude it by presenting reflections of writer’s sense of loneliness and the causes of this sense on to his commoners and story narrators. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21499 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21499 Fikret GÜVEN One of the characteristics of American literature since September 11 has been its preoccupation with the discourse of terrorism as writers attempt to comprehend both the reasons and results of the terrorist attacks. The long history of antagonistic conflict between the West and Islam always re-surfaces in the outbreak of new atrocities, and literary responses to September 11 reflect this tendency. As we enter second decade after September 11, the response to September 11 has mostly been in the form of a discourse on terrorism. John Updike, a veteran novelist of great repute, tries to understand the reasons and results of terrorism. However, his efforts fail to engage effectively with the “Other” as he depends on Orientalist biases and stereotypes. The author’ s work portrays individual terrorists as stereotypes of Muslims and then connects those stereotypes to a constructed discourse about Islam. His fictional terrorists’ individual actions are presented as manifestation of their backward and violent religion. These characteristics are then used to contrast with a progressive and enlightened West. The binaries Updike is building on, was anticipated in the theoretical field by Edward Said, the late Palestinian-American literary theoretician. Said states that Western discourse creates prejudices towards non-Western cultures by labeling them as the “Other.” He argues that this discourse continues to manifest itself after September 11. Based on Said’s Orientalism theory, the present paper analyzes John Updike’s novel Terrorist’ s depiction of Islam and Muslims. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21518 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21518 Ömer İNCE As is known, Necati Bey, XVI. He is a poet who has spoken poetry with effective and understandable Turkish. Historical records have a common view when they say poetry in a simple, contrived and natural way. Simplicity and nativity, which stand out in Necatî's poems, have been provided in Turkish poetry with proverbs and idioms frequently used in addition to Turkish words. Proverbs and idioms are special constructs of language that enhance and enrich the expression power. Communities that have lived together for centuries and have spoken the same language have expressed their historical experiences and observations they have lived as "unchangeable judgments of life" as short, concise and powerful sentiments for future generations to take advantage of. In addition to these general and powerful examples of expression, which we refer to as "proverb," words and phrases called "idioms" have been used in social life for more special cases. Expressions are indispensable especially in the speaking language by making emotions and thoughts concrete and by making the meaning weaker and weaker. Utilizing this richness of culture in poetry is a characteristic seen from the first literary products of Turkish Literature. It is also a known fact that the Turkish language used by the people is not preferred by all the poets of the Divan literature, unlike the folk literature, considering that the Divan literature is developed and spread in the frame of the members of the palace. In this context, Turkish idioms and idioms, which the Turkî-i Simple movement intended to use in poetry language, have been tried in poetry poetry of this movement, but it has not woken a lasting effect over time. Necatî Bey is a poet who has benefited from the cultural heritage of the language preferred by the people he speaks. His poetry is immortalized and this is not the preference. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21476 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21476 Mehmet Akif KILIÇ Nasal consonants are speech sounds that involve the nasopharyngeal and nasal cavities in the vocal tract during articulation. Acoustically, they are like vowels, but one can differentiate them from vowels by their lower energy. In Turkish, there are two nasal consonants that act as a phoneme: the bilabial consonant /m/ and the alveolar (or dental) consonant /n/. “The palatal n” (/ŋ/), which occurs in some Anatolian dialects, is not a separate phoneme; rather, it is an allophone of the consonant /n/. This study aims to establish the acoustic properties of Turkish nasal consonants, develop a method to demonstrate the presence of “the palatal n”, and establish a reference source for evaluating speech problems related nasal consonants. We prepared a list of 28 single or two-word terms for this study. Ten volunteers (five males and five females) each read the list, and we recorded them. Using the Praat program, we measured the acoustic features of the nasal consonants, including fundamental frequencies, formant and antiformant frequencies, spectral slope parameters, durations and amplitudes, and formant transitions on adjacent vowels. The median values for frequencies of the first, second, and third formants of the [m] consonant measured as 262, 1255, and 2418 Hz for the men, and 279, 1425, and 2444 Hz for the women; the values for [n] consonants were 270, 1546, and 2507 Hz for the men, and 295, 1690, and 2794 Hz for the women. In the narrow band amplitude histogram used to show the antiformant, we observed that the bands with the lowest amplitudes fell between 1500-2000 Hz for [m] and [n]. In addition, it was determined that the most important acoustic parameter indicating “the palatal n” is formant movements on neighboring vowels. The inconsistencies reported in the literature on acoustic properties of nasal consonants, especially related formant values, was also observed in our study. We then decided that it would be appropriate to use a single vowel neighborhood instead of different vowel neighborhoods and further to increase the number of subjects to overcome this problem, particularly in clinical phonetic studies. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21613 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21613 Nuray KÜÇÜKLER KUŞCU Oktay Rifat (1914-1988) is one of the productive poets of Turkish poetry. His poetics is based on change and renewal. For him, every poetic experience is a new poetical beginning. In this context, his poetry develops by changing and renewing. This development reflects a continuity without any breaks. In the changing and renewed poetics of Oktay Rifat, the place of Çobanıl Şiirler (1976), Bir Cigara İçimi (1979), and Elifli (1980) is very important. Oktay Rifat has been approaching nature since the beginning of his poetic experience as one of the elements that connecting human to the life. He have given a new dimension to the problem of nature in Çobanıl Şiirler (1976), Bir Cigara İçimi (1979), and Elifli (1980). In these books, he has begun to examine nature by centering on the relations between human himself and his/her social environment. The purpose of this work is to reveal the human-nature-society relations in the three books mentioned. In this respect, the poems in the books were examined by taking the concepts of nature, human and society as the focus. As a result of the examination, it has been seen that in this three books which have merged nature with pastoral and social, the relation between human, nature and society took place in three different ways. The first is seen in the poems that nature covers the rural life and the sociality in this life. The latter is seen in poems that nature covers human beings alone. The third is seen in poems in which the struggle of human to identify with nature. Some of the poems in Çobanıl Şiirler (1976), Bir Cigara İçimi (1979), and Elifli (1980) nature and poverty are seen together. This appearance is thought together with human and it is a hope to overcome the loneliness and pessimism of poverty. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21395 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21395 Adnan OKTAY Ali Emiri was born in Diyarbakir. He lived in politically mostdifficult time of the Ottoman, and in the early years of the new Republic of Turkey. His curiosity to read books brought him to Istanbul. He had played a key role in introducing of the Diwanu Lugati't-Turk to the science world. He has witnessed the physical transformation along with the mental transformation in the Ottoman society. Ali Emiri has attracted attention as a poets as well as a publisher. He published his opinions about various issues in Osmanlı Tarih ve Edebiyatı Mecmuası (the Ottoman History and Literature Magazine), Tarih ve Edebiyatı Mecmuası (the History and Literature Magazine), and Amid-i Sevda (1909) which is published with six issues. Ali Emiri's poems which have been published in the Amid-i Sevda newspaper are examined in terms of the theme in this paper. To do this, Amid-i Sevda newspaper numbered Millet Library A.E. Gzt. 570 was obtained. The poems of this newspaper were carefully examined in terms of content. In total, fifty-three independent poetries have been detected in this newspaper. Apart from these poems, nearly 150 verses large and small poetic texts have been detected in this newspaper. Some part of all these poetic texts are belong to Ali Emiri, and someof them belongs to the different poets. Ali Emiri is a poet who has love of the homeland and nation in his heart. This love has been also reflected in his poetry. Also, he has a deep love to the Ottoman Sultan. Some poems belongs to other poets in the newspaper have also examined this theme. Also, many poems were written as a nazira. Ali Emiri published some poems which were selected from a poem magazine in the first issue of the newspaper. In these poems some themes likelove, affection, separation, affection of the Sultan, homeland love were examined. These themes also were examined in the next issues of the newspaper consciously. The name of Amid-i Sevda includes the love of Diyarbakir city. Also the poets from Amid were frequently mentioned in the newspaper. All these show Ali Emiri's special love of Diyarbakir. The themes which were examined poems,were closely related to the bad conditions of the Ottoman State. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21604 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21604 Canan ÖKTEMGİL TURGUT Ercüment Ekrem Talu (1888-1956) has made great contributions to the Turkish literature in the Meşrutiyet and Republic periods by his works, such as his fictions, essays and newspaper columns. Many of his writings were in the field of humor, which were well known and cherished by the masses, but the research about the author is still limited. This situation has also made passing his works to younger generations difficult. The known bibliography of the author is mostly based on two investigations: Rahim Tarım’s “Ercüment Ekrem Talu Üzerine Bir Bibliyografya Denemesi” (1990) and Alaattin Karaca's unpublished PhD thesis Ercümend Ekrem Talu’nun Edebiyat ve Basın Dünyasındaki Yeri (1993). Recently, another novel of the author titled Meşhedi Harp Muhabiri (1946-1947) has been discovered. The simultaneous publication of several of his works in many different newspapers and magazines has made it difficult to build a complete list of his works. This article contains a list of some stories and novels that have been serialized in various journals but not published in book form, as well as other writings, none of which are listed in existing bibliographies. A long story titled “Habeşistan’da Bir Türk” (1935), a series of stories entitled “Ese ile Musa” (1947); his novels Deli Vâfire (1947-1948) and Torik Necmi Demir Perde Arkasında (1951) have not been included in any bibliography before. First, these works were summarized, and then various newspaper columns, short stories, essays and memoirs, which were not included in the existing bibliographies, were listed under the name of the magazines they are published. A few of these writings have actually been republished elsewhere. But, in order to preserve the integrity of the complete list, those republished writings are also included in the lists. With this study, a few more of the works of Ercüment Ekrem are brought to daylight. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21666 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21666 Hasan ÖZER, Özlem TURAN – Semanur YENER Studies of linguistics and folklore are among the important and remarkable researches of the field of Turcology. In this sense, it is important that the values, vocations, traditions of the regions that make up the cultural texture are recorded. In the process of development of the lyric vocabulary, the properties of all the values of the individuals that make that society find their place. In this respect, it is inevitable that our culinary understanding, which is one of the most important and remarkable elements of our cultural world, is subject to language researches. The names we give to the products of our kitchen culture, palate taste, visual appeal, as well as the emerging products are extremely important. The meaning of meal names, their origins, their connotations, the characteristics of their pronunciation can be issues of various studies. From here, we will try to contribute to the field by compiling the names of the dishes used in Zonguldak region and by carrying out a linguistic study on these names. Food names of Zonguldak draw attention with their structure which keeps alive the codes related with the identity of the region adhering to the historical background. This feature stands as a reflection of the Black Sea region, of Anatolia and of the ancient Turkish culture. It is known that the careful execution of language and vocabulary studies in accordance with the precaution carried out on the academic field has a directive to the new researches as well as to shed light on the long history of the Turkish language. The research conducted with this point of view aims to contribute to the field. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21547 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21547 Arzu ÖZYÖN Behiç Ak whom we know with his versatile career, never gives up sensitivity to environmental problems whether as an architect and cartoonist or as the writer of children’s books and a playwright. This characteristic of him can be explained with his being sensitive about the environment and attending various protests about environmental problems in his personal life. Even in his children’s books he preserves his sensitive attitude towards current environmental and social problems and his responsibility as a writer. It is seen that he also maintains the same attitude in most of the plays he wrote. It is observed that with the influence of his job as an artcitect, the writer carries subjects as irregular urbanization, as well as global warming, corruption of ecological balance and extinction of animals into his plays and handles them as problems. In this context in this study the traces of the environmentalist viewpoint will be searched in the writer’s plays called Küçülecek Yer Kalmadı, Benim Küçük Küresel Köyüm and Tek Kişilik Şehir, and by using the method of ecocriticism it will be focused on how the writer approached the environmental problems through his plays. The writer in his play Küçülecek Yer Kalmadı, through his characters called Man and Woman, actually criticizes the intervention in the nature unnecessarily; the destruction of already existing ecological balance by this intervention and the harmful results stemming from this intervention and threatening the health of the human being who is a part of the ecological balance indeed. As for his play, Benim Küçük Küresel Köyüm, the writer approaches the environmental problems in relation to the extinction of the animal species and especially through Lucretsia’s words criticizes people who destroy animal species and thus corrupt the ecological balance for their own interest. In his play, Tek Kişilik Şehir, the writer especially handles the subject of global warming and the negative effects of global warming on climates, natural environment and animal species and criticizes the insensitivity of people towards environmental problems. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21560 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21560 Serpil SOYDAN Kipchaks, who came as mercenaries to Egypt and Syria through the Black Sea and the Balkans, eventually succeeded in taking over the administration and establishing the Mamluk-Kipchak dynasty in Egypt. At the head of this dynasty, Mamluk has studied among the sultan and his commanders, and there are those who speak Arabic as well as those who produce works in Turkish and Arabic. Many of them do not study but they speak Turkish. Since the Mameluke state administrators are Turks and the majority of the people do not speak Arabic, some grammatical books and dictionaries have been introduced to teach the Turkic people to the Turkic. In these grammars and dictionaries, there are remarkable differences and features in terms of grammar and vocabulary. In this study, Ed-Dürretü'l-Mudiyye fi'l-Lügati't-Türkiyye belonging to the Mamluk-Kipchak Turkısh period, Al-Kavânînü'l-Külliye Li- Zabti'l-Lügati't-Türkiyye, Kitâb-ı Mecmû- ı Tercümân-ı Türkî and Acemî and Mugaliî, Kitâbü'l-idrâk li Lisanü'l-Etrâk were searched and the names of the animals in the vocabulary entity and the common names of these animal names were determined and the names of the Dîvân-ı Lûgâti't Türk It was tried to evaluate whether it was witnessed or not. Ed-Dürretü'l-Mudiyye fi'l-Lügati't-Türkiyye, Al-Kavânînü'l-Külliye Li- Zabti'l-Lügati't-Türkiyye, Kitâb-ı Mecmû-ı Tercümân-ı Türkî and Acemî and Mugalî, Kitâbü'l-idrâk li Lisanü'l-Etrâk and Divanü Lûgati't-Türk have twenty-six common animal names; Ed-Dürretü'l-Mudiyye fi'l-Lügati't-Türkiyye, Al-Kavânînü'l-Külliye Li- Zabti'l-Lügati't-Türkiyye, Kitâb-ı Mecmû-ı Tercümân-ı Türkî and Acemî and Mugalî and Dîvânû Lûgati't-Türk, twenty-seven; The names of common animals used in other dictionaries other than El-Kavânînü'l-Külliye Li-Zabti'l-Lügati't-Türkiyye are eighteen. Kitâb-ı Mecmû-ı Tercümân-ı Türkî ve Acemî ve Mugalî there are two common animal names which are found in other works except Türkî and Acemî and Mugalî: bear (wild animals), grasshopper (wild animals). Kitâb-ı Mecmû-ı Tercümân-ı Türkî ve Acemî ve Mugalî the names of common animals found in other works, except Kitâb-ı Mecmû-ı Tercümân-ı Türkî ve Acemî ve Mugalî are two: bear (wild animals), grasshopper (wild animals). Of the animal names identified in the four scanned dictionaries, fifty two are also witnessed in the Dîvânu Lûgati't-Türk. There are very few names of aquatic animals found in the dictionaries. These are "fish, crab". Therefore, these animal names give us clues about the geographical and cultural features of the Mamluk-Kipchak Turks. The result is that they have used marine and marine products, have not grown marine products, have been living on land and have benefited from many products, have used animals for cargo and passenger transportation, or have lived with these animals. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21353 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21353 Ahmet ŞAHBAZ In recent years, people from different countries have migrated to Turkey. They started to learn Turkish in order to get by which in turn has increased the number of bilinguals in Turkey. Bilingualism has been studied in many respects in the USA, Canada and Germany. However, the number of studies on bilingualism in Turkey is very few when compared to these countries. After 2000, many English people started to live in Fethiye for different reasons. Those people began to learn Turkish and it resulted in the appearance of adult English-Turkish bilinguals in Fethiye. In this study, first it is aimed to identify the Turkish morphological deviations of adult bilinguals living in Fethiye then find out whether identified deviations differ depending on the socio linguistic variables. For this, 15 participants who were believed to serve the purpose of the study were determined and then they were interviewed. Interviews were recorded with a tape recorder and then they were transcribed. As a result of the analysis in this descriptive study, it was found out that the participants made morphological deviations and those deviations did not differ to a large extent depending on the socio linguistic variables. In accordance with these findings it can be suggested that the Turkish education centers should identify the morphological deviations of the learners and they should prepare the curriculum and materials by taking the deviations into consideration. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21507 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21507 Songül TAŞ Mustafa Ilhan Geçer is a member of the traditionalist-innovative Hisar community. Starting from childhood, the poet had a passion about literature, especially about poetry and tried to seek refuge in verses so as to get rid of troubles he has experienced and for purification. For Geçer, who stated that most beautiful poetry is the new poetry root of which is in the past, poets that are not based on tradition, public and language of public cannot be long-lived. The number of poems are 32 in Büyüyen Eller, 29 in Belki, 43 in Bir Bulut Geçti (8 of which are from his previous books), 25 in Yeşil Çağ (11 of which are from his previous books), 85 in Hüzzam Beste (38 of which are from his previous books) 57 out of 214 poems were repeated in different pieces of art. The language that constitutes the ground of the literary work is an emotion-meaning integrity rather than the material. The preference of the smallest unit even carries hints to interpret the style. The fact that Geçer used repetition frequently in his books and periodicals means the differentiation of poetry style, verses and words. passage is frequent publications or frequent repetitions in books; means the differentiation of verse form, verses and words. The poet enjoyed seeing his poems published in different magazines. For this reason, he often published the same poem in different magazines. However, during this publication, poet applied changes in words, verse, and sometimes quatrain or paragraph. From time to time, he changed the position of the poetry unit just like the verses and words. These changes in the poet's poetry are in fact the result of pursuit for permanence through art. It can be interpreted as a quest for permanence and deep harmony which is attempted to be established between emotions and point of view about life and voices, words and higher level of semantic associations. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21394 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21394 Gökhan TEKER, Didem ARDALI BÜYÜKARMAN The playwriting of the 1960s was the place to point up the consequences of political, economic and social changes. In the 60s drama, the efforts of the family institution to face the danger of disintegration and to block the danger of family members have been the subject of plays. The family is the most suitable institution for the smallest building unit of the society for writing dramas. Güner Sümer formed middle class "social types" in the livelihoods of plays written in the 1960s and early 1970s. Güner Sümer’s characterization, typically a small tradesman or civil servant and were condemned to suffer in the life struggle, are drawn in opposite and parallel ways. Types are responsible for the action in the plays. Güner Sümer’s types are in bad action through the influence of economic, social and political conditions and through the directing of people outside the family. Because, there is no other way to survive and keep the family together. Güner’s Sümer types of plays that make robbery, the young girls who are married to the wealthy and the old men, the types that are trapped and clenched between the society and the family, the mothers who struggle all kinds of difficulties for their children, etc. is often encountered in plays. In this examination, the types of Güner Sumer's plays will be determined and classified by using of Sevda Şener's typological approach in the analysis of The Human in Contemporary Turkish Theater. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21668 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21668 Burak TELLİ Toponomy has come to fruition as a sub-branch of onomastic. The studies on toponomy, which are a field of study related to various branches of science such as language, geography, history, sociology, have been concentrated especially after the Republic period. Place names are also important materials in terms of language researches. The names of places are of interest to the Turkic people in terms of voice information, morphological information, semantic information, especially in the presence of vocabulary. In addition, the place names are a research area for Turcology in terms of the traces of the civilization, history, and life of that place. In our study, an evaluation was made on the place names in the administrative borders of Adıyaman province Gölbaşı district. In order to determine the names of the neighborhood, sub-district, village and town places inventory records of Civilian Administration Department of Ministry of Internal Affairs web page was based. In these records, the names of the 17 neighborhoods, 30 villages, 3 towns and 30 hamlets affiliated to villages were examined. Other geographical place names such as mountain, hill, lake, plains, stream, location are determined from the 1/25000 scales of the county. In addition, historical bridge names and cave names within the boundaries of the district are added to the study. Examination of the place names which are the basis of my work; lexical-semantic, structure and origin characteristics. It was also evaluated in the conclusion part of the study, what are the base elements while defining the names of the locations that examined in the district. At the end of the study, a total of 741 place names forming the study material were indexed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21288 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21288 Bayram TOPLU Muhammed Siddik Rushdi’s Tadhkirat-al Awliya is one of rarest tadhkiras that is written in Eastern Turkic language apart from Ali Shir Nevai’s Nesaimu’l Mahabbe Min Shemayimi’l-Futevve. The paper gives information about Muhammed Siddik Rushdi life and thoughts, and highlights importance of his works. Known works of Rushdi are as follows: “Tadhkirat-al Awliyai Turki” and “Risale-i Kadiriye Manakib”. He also has a hasbihal poem with 158 verses. The writer lived in multilingual environment and knew both Arabic and Persian language in depth. This is clearly reflected in his works. The writer in his work explained the reason he wrote this tadhkira and difficulties he faced during writing it. The tadhkira also gives information on where he lived, who was his mentor, and places he immigrated. Muhammed Siddik Rushdi was very broad-minded person. He didn’t limit himself with only Islamic resources, and used other resources as well. Although his work is basically a translation, every so often he also included his own comments. He included Eastern Turkic translations of the ayat and hadiths mentioned in his works. In order to better deliver the essence of the covered topics to readers he included detailed explanations whenever it was necessary. Muhammed Siddik Rushdi is one of few people who insisted on Eastern Turkic language after Ali Shir Nevai. At times, Turkish writers fell under the influence of Arabic and Persian languages and wrote their works in these languages. Turkish languages, to a degree, were negatively affected by that. Muhammed Siddik Rushdi contributed to the development and helped preservation of Turkish language among more dominant languages of that time by not only writing his tadhkira in Eastern Turkish language, but also including information on Turkish language and Turkish nations. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21707 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21707 Lazzat URAKOVA YANÇ Having become interpreter of feelings and thoughts of the community with a rapid development process after Kazakhstan gained independence, aytis (duels) is a component of folk literature that is based on contest by two or more akins (poets), namely minstrels, in which poets sing poems impromptu accompanied by a musical instrument including mainly dombra and kobyz before audience. In other words, aytis, meaning “dueling” in Turkish, is mutual speaking of one or more persons to outclass their opponents accompanied by music. Since conversation between one or more people is called dialog, it would not be an understatement that aytis consists of dialogs. What makes public love aytis that has features such as training while laughing and laughing while training is that competitor akins mock with each other on various issues. These banters and mocks are sine qua non for a successful aytis making today’s aytis more fun in which social, economic, cultural and political issues are intensely mentioned in public. That is because public desires not only to hear the most current issues from mouths of akins in aytis competitions but also to enjoy themselves. The most effective way of entertaining the crowd is to make them laugh. In aytis, this is possible through such banter. In this study, aytis in which elder woman participates in competitions was examined in terms of containing jokes, and the effect of women’s age on bantering in aytis was revealed. Since aytis is not written out, visual samples of aytis from the Internet environment were used in this study. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21659 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21659 Sema ÜSTÜN KÜLÜNK Glancing through the practices of intercultural interaction, translation vividly emerges as the fundamental mean of the encounter with the foreign Other and cultural exchange. The characteristics of the exchange is determined by the trajectories of the period, and it might emerge either as a site of clash or a reconciliation. In this study, aiming at elaborating on the process of cultural transformation in the period on the basis of translational practices, the dominant discourse on the translation and relevant textual production and appropriation practices will be presented with a particular case study on Namık Kemal, portraying a modern and critical intellectual figure who is well aware of the cultural differences. The discourse analysis will be conducted within the framework of forewords, critics and letters, as a frequent practice of the period. Within the scope of this study, it found out that the exchange process is defined on the basis of absence, insufficiency and belatedness in the relevant cultural hinterland. In this process, the translation is defined to function as the main mean of providing what is missing in the target literature via cultural exchange and reconciliating between conventional structures, defined as the "old" and the imported, positioned as the "foreign"; and serving as a prototype in the re-determination of the linguistic features of the language. The transfer process from the West is governed on the basis of the "morality" criteria, which is used as a cultural filter in the selection of what is to be transferred from the Other. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21521 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21521 Ceylan YILDIRIM The aim of this research is to reveal the new orientations in current terminology works carried out in Turkey and to evaluate the impact of the translation on these orientations. The relationship between translation studies and terminology is extremely visible due to the terminology work being one of the most basic requirements of the technical translation process. So, the translator may need to work as a terminologist. In this case, a translator who knows the basic concepts and principles of terminology, its research methods, the criteria of creating the term and the term definition, will be able to resolve terminology-related problems more easily and effectively in the translation process. In this study, within the framework of qualitative research method, terminology works carried out in recent years in Turkey, were examined and in the light of these results, it was determined which orientations had been in terminology works. The obtained results showed that the terminology works carried out by institutions and organizations in cooperation with universities, were generally bilingual or multilingual. Moreover, it was seen that the project outputs, created terminologies, were offered free access on the web pages of the institutions. Thus, translators enable to use enterprise-level qualified terminologies in their translations and to produce more qualified translations. This situation indicates a translation-focused orientation in terminology works in Turkey. As a result, this study suggests that increasing the translation-focused terminologies with cooperation between universities and other institutions/organizations will enable the development of multilingual standard terminologies for different fields which will meet the need for terminology of the translation process. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21551 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21551 Volga YILMAZ GÜMÜŞ There has been an increasing academic interest in translation as a profession in recent years. This is probably because of the increasing interest in the profession with the growing need for translation, and the influence of sociological approaches in Translation Studies that focus on the human in translation act. Translation as a profession has also been a topic of interest in character construction in literature for long years. Based on three contemporary Turkish novels (Kan ve Gül, Alper Canıgüz; Musa’nın Uykusu, Tuğba Doğan; Zafiyet Kuramı, Ersan Üldes), this study explores how translators are represented and how the translator’s status is dealt with in fiction. To this end, the parameters that Dam and Zethsen (see for example 2008, 2009, 2011, 2014a) used in a series of studies to determine and compare the status of professional translators are used: 1) income, 2) education and expertise, 3) visibility, and 4) power and influence. Fiction serves as a sort of resource for seeking perceptions in the society with regard to the income, education and expertise, visibility, and power and influence of translators. The common point in three novels is that translators are engaged in literary translation and book translation. In two out of three novels, translation is not described as a proper occupation, rather as a transition to authorship. Writing is depicted to be superior to translating. Translators are illustrated as physically and professionally isolated characters. However, when it comes to power and influence, we find that translators have the power to alter, distort, rewrite or improve the original story. Translators are engaged in a process of rewriting and recreating in the target culture – a process that is subject to limitations posed by ethics and loyalty. This makes readers question translators’ ethical responsibilities, and trust between a translator and readership. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21660 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21660 Muzaffer BAŞKAYA One of the most important pieces of Turkish culture is the public minstrels. The minstrels are the topliner people of the society, who live with the folk together, at the same time keep being the voice of the people with their instruments and poems, and mention both positive and negative events in society. Baba Salim of Trabzon is one of the minstrels who are the representatives of a quite old custom. Baba Salim, who was born in the last period of the Ottoman State and sees the declaration of the Republic after years of war and captivity, witnessed a phase of an era. Baba Salim, whose life lasted in financial impossibilities, marked on the cultural life of Trabzon in the first years of the Republic. With this study, it is aimed to fill the gap in the literature, which did not have enough academic studies about Baba Salim, who inspired a generation grew up in Trabzon, and who became a beloved of people with his gentle and bohemia character. This study, which talks over the life of Baba Salim, who left hundreds of literary products such as poems, Turkish poems, epics, ballads, has been created mainly by scanning local newspapers broadcasting in Trabzon and also benefiting from the related works on the subject. It has been observed that this great artist, whose life passed in big suffers, was a public figure but also a journalist, and he left a great legacy to research for the people interested in folk-literature. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21414 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21414 Ümit EKER In the literature of Turkism (Turcology), there are various works such as the collection of biographies, the myths(tales), legends which narrate the process of being Muslim of Turks. In these works, the historical events that have taken place have gained a legendary style from time to time, and they have also been diversified by being transferred from generation to generation through the genre oral culture. In particular there is a work called "Four Imams" which is legendary among Uyghur Turks in East Turkestan. In this work, four imams named Nasreddin, Zuhureddin, Kıvâmeddin, Muineddin are told that they have islamized he Kashgar, Yarkent, Hoten and Uçatlık cities in the time of Yusuf Kadir Khan, the ruler of Karahanid. These four imams made the city of Madâyin the capital and engaged in activities of conquest of Kashgar and its vicinity, muslimized(islamized) the region as a result of many wars they did. This great effort which Imams have shown to spread Islam has been legendary after a while, and has occasionally been separated from its historical reality and embodied in extraordinary forms. A total of four copies of the Four Imams legends written in Chagatai Turkish and New Uyghur Turkish have been determined. In this study, a copy written in chagatai Turkish will be handled and the others will be introduced at the entrance. The aim of the study is to contribute both to the understanding of the historical events related to the Muslim formation process of the Turks and contributing to the literature of Chagatai Turkish by revealing a text in respect of its language features in this field. Study language analysis is composed of the sections of transcription and to the transfer of Turkey’s Turkish. In the section of language study, the voice and shape information features that are highlighted in the text will be examined. In the transcription section, the transcription of the text will be carried out, and then in other part, the text will be transferred to Turkey’s Turkish. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21619 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21619 Sinem GÖNEN KAYACAN Awareness is an important concept in the learning process. In the learning process, the learner identifies, receives, orders, recognizes their own shortcomings and competences, and becomes aware of their own intellectual processes. Kutadgu Bilig, which is the subject of the research, is very important in terms of religious, ethical, legal, social and political values. The study is aimed to investigate the "awareness" in Kutadgu Bilig and to determine from which angles the available is handled. A descriptive research approach was used to determine in Kutadgu Bilig. The sample of the study is Kutadgu Bilig. The facts that it acts like a tutorial book, it has and state information, the values as; friendship, truthfulness, merit, family life, reason and knowledge are far too much in the work, have played a role in the selection of Kutadgu Bilig as a sample. As a data collection technique in the research, document examination method was used because of the examination of written materials. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. It has established a framework for giving information about awareness in the work. After the identification and interpretation of the findings obtained, the results of the research were revealed. In study, the concept of awareness; it is expressed that it means to pay attention, to notice, to sense, to be conscious. It is possible to say that the concept of awareness has a wide structure by going out from the explanations. It has emerged that many of the noted, perceived, perceived topics can be addressed under the heading of awareness. In Kutadgu Bilig many couplets have been identified that can be related to awareness. In the study, the numbers of couplets, couplets and explanations were tried to be expressed. It is thought that this study can be a source for both educators and researchers. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21445 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21445 Ercan TOMAKİN Views on the emergence of an action research (AR) focus on Gestalt psychology, observations of Colliers' mission, Kurt Lewin's model of AR, and Moreno’ studies. AR was first applied in the field of education by Corey (1953) in the America, and then it was often used in educational research. The term educational AR was produced by Carr & Kemmis in 1986, and this term was used as an umbrella term in educatinal studies in the world. Although there are many AR studies in Turkey, too, some of these AR studies do not explain the processes clearly step by step, in terms of action models and action cycles. Besides, some of these AR are not available until certain date because the thesis holder has put restriction. In addition, nearly all of the AR studies undertaken in Turkey do not mention if the study was first order AR (FOAR) or second order AR (SOAR). Moreover, some of the AR studies offer a general discussion of findings instead of explaining each action plans clearly. Furthermore, the lenght of action cycles was also among the controversial issue. For the above mentioned reasons, firstly a brief overview of the history (origion) of AR is presented. The reason is that there are hundreds of AR study in the literature and it is not possible to refer to all of them. Secondly, the paper displays the models of AR, action cycles and action plans in detail, which are the objective of this study. In this context, the paper presents a shortened form of the cycles (processes) of an embeded (FOAR and SOAR) AR study to illustrate the action models, cycles and plans step by step. The paper concludes by discussing some of the key issues that emerged from the study. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21669 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21669 Şerife YALÇINKAYA In this article, the analysis of the “ reason for writing” part of Nefhatü’l-Ezhar masnawi by Nev’i-zade Atayi as a story is done. In this part, Atayi tells a travel story in first person singular. In the story, the narrator’s travel is a sufistic search. “I” in the stroy is the author narrator. In the fiction, the search for unity is told through the symbols of one day, four seasons and a lifetime. The journey of the story is like many symbolic travel stories of the Islamic culture, end with the completion of the return. This spiritual journey on this story, separate time and space are explained. The times in the story are: One day (five times), one year (four seasons), a lifetime (childhood, youth, middle age, old age). In brief, the mystical passenger changes the space and time while changing the position on his spiritual journey. The narrative in this story is about the "makâm" that manifest themselves in the "hâl" that are imposed in the mystical journey. 2026-07-16