Turkish Studies - International, Year 2018 Issue Volume 13 Issue 10

A Review of Litterature on Bilingualism and Bilingual İndividual

Hasan Hüseyin ŞEN — 2026-07-16

We live in these days of interaction between communities and countries and the communication medium is caused to individuals feel the need to acquire multiple languages. It needs more increasing with the technological developments.But it is easier for individuals and language acquisition can be met more easily thanks to technology these needs. The travels between countries,migrations and differences between father and mothers'native languages provide grows up bilingual childrens.This and similuer reasons are increasing the number of individual in nowadays. This increase makes it necessarynew activities and new politically measures on bilingualism.Bilingualism is generally effected refers to an individual's ability to use effectively in two languages.There are various opinions on how that bilingualism is formed. for example;montrul says,various classifications related to the emergence of bilingualism in quoted of Grosjean. He mentions, these classification the ranking is based on years of language acquisition of is necessary. Definition of bilingualism, why it is an important concept and multilingualism will now be discussed concepts more commonly used today in this study,It will be given to the opinions regarding the classification ,It will be referred to the study of bilingualism. Nowadays the concept of bilingualism and multilingualism meaning they will be available and express an opinion on the matter. In addition, when studies have examined the situation faced today and bilingualism, the willingness of individuals against being bilingual makes this study important.

Thougts on Application of Minaret with Fountain of Old Mosque in Edirne

N.Çiçek AKÇIL HARMANKAYA — 2026-07-16

The minarets, which are thought to be originated from towers built for communication or divine purposes, appear in many different forms, sizes, materials and decorative elements in widespread Islamic world. The minarets, which are one of the indispensable elements of the mosques, have been studied in aspects of position, form, size, material and decorative characteristics but with less emphasis on their dual functions and design with another type of structure such as a fountain or sebil. In this study, it is aimed to introduce the northwest fountain imaret of Edirne Eski Camii combined with two different functions, minaret and fountain, in a single structure and to examine briefly the minarets that contain such water structures. Northwest minaret of Edirne Eski Camii is a unique example in terms of region and architectural period. There is a fountain inside a pointed arch, located at the base of the minaret with two balconies. According to sources, the minaret was added during the reign of II. Murat. This type of water feature hosting examples are also found in portal of Konya Sahip Ata Camii, Bursa Timurtaş Camii, The northwest minaret of Bursa Ulu Camii, minarets of Veled-i Yaniç Camii in Bursa, İsa Bey Fenari Camii in Bursa, Edirne Üç Şerefeli Camii, Muhaşşi Sinan Mosque in İstanbul, Yenikapı-Eski Camii in İstanköy (Kos), Yeni Cami in Mytilene (Lesvos), and Aziziye Mosque in Konya. It is possible to mention a separate group of terminology and typology under the name of fountain minarets, if these dual-functioning examples shaped on the basis of minaret and water structure can be extended.

University Youth: Life Style and Identity

Muammer AK — 2026-07-16

In this study, the students' perceptions of identity in the modern-traditional and religious-political-ideological level were measured. Within the scope of the research, 284 student questionnaires were applied in Gumushane University using simple coincidence sampling method among the students who read in different departments and classes. The fieldwork of the research was carried out in March 2018. 50 % (142) of the participants and 50 % (142) of the participants were surveyed. 29.6 % are in the Black Sea, 10.9 % in the Marmara, 8.5 % in the Aegean, 13.4 % in the Mediterranean, 15.8 % in the Central Anatolia and 11.6 % in the East Anatolia, 10.2 % in the South East Anatolia region. According to the survey, the participants defined themselves as 37.3 % modern, 48.6 % conservative and 14.1 % religious conservatives in terms of lifestyle. The first three identities in political, religious and ideological terms are Muslim (76.1 %), Nationalist (7.7 %), Kemalist (5.6 %); the first three identities were Nationalist (25,4 %), Islamist (15,1 %), Conservative (10,6 %); Third, the first three identities are Religious-Nationalist (12 %), Nationalist (10,6 %), Atatürkism-Progressive (9,2 %). On the level of social belonging / identity, 6 % of the participants identified themselves as Muslim, 6 % as Turks, 67,3 % as Turk-Muslims and 20,4 % as Human. The purpose of the research is to examine how young people position themselves in terms of their lifestyle and their religious, political and ideological identities. In this context, the research is how university students' perceptions of social belonging / identity?, what identities do they see fit on the political-religious-ideological level?, do these identities differ by gender, region and lifestyle? are looking for answers to such questions. Although a significant portion of the population in Turkey is seen as insufficient to create the number of young people with youth-related research. We believe that the researcher will contribute to the issue with current data.

The Reflection of Viewer Messages With the Context of Transformational News Case Study: Fox Tv and A Haber Sample

Hakan ALP, Erkan TURAN — 2026-07-16

In this study, it is aimed to emphasize how social media messages affect television news, new media understanding that will emerge during right-to-left presentations of changing journalism. In the context of this emerging new media understanding, it has been searched for the question of whether the reading of the following messages on television is bringing a new dimension to the concept of interactive journalism. Social media platforms have led to the concept of social media reporting, and over time, a whole new sense of journalism has been dominated by the traditional media. Particularly in the context of this new understanding, information ready, presentation process audience effect. It may be. The viewer may send in the appropriate eligibility to receive and provide the response from the server, without expressing any opinion on the news provided by the anchorman. This new understanding of the media is important in order to better understand the future of journalism. This study aims to show that the television news is being presented with a new style that is included in the viewer as well as a communication. The new possibilities provided by nonlinear, multi-digital communication technologies have made media production and dissemination tools accessible, and the relationship between the masses and journalists has gained a different dimension. Today, the dimensions of interactive journalism with online social networks are examined, for example, by examining the news of selected television channels it is shown. With the dimension reached by the internet, the social circles become an indispensable habit by the users of the virtual environment, and they respond to the wishes of the masses from all ages, cultures and all walks of life. At the same time, those who share their opinions and critics are also the meeting addresses.

Tulip Era Style in Ottoman Architecture (Reflections in Anatolia)

Erkan ATAK — 2026-07-16

As a result of riots and wars lost during 17th century, Ottoman Empire entered stagnation and devolution period. Failure of the Second Siege of Vienna that took place in second half of the 17th century caused the economy of the state to be shaken. This situation increased exponentially and continued during 18th century. III. Ahmed who succeeded to the throne in 1703 implemented certain reforms in order to get rid of this crisis. Beginning of this century, a diplomatic relation policy instead of wars with European States was adopted and drastic changes in many areas were made with Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha who became Grand Vizier after the Treaty of Passarowitz. The years of Tulip Era, which is identified III. Ahmed and Damad İbrahim Pasha is regarded as transition period that experienced many changes in various areas as in Architecture. In this period medrese based modest Islamic Ottoman social complexes took place of large-scale Islamic Ottoman social complexes. However, Islamic Ottoman social complex builded with the order of Damat İbrahim Pasha in Nevşehir, the hometown of him, carries large-scale social classical complex features in terms of its general settlement schema and units that it has. It is understood from existing endowments that Damat İbrahim Pasha had a major impact on the complex to be built in this style. In detached units of the complex an innovation except for a few details appear in the architectural sense, although certain motifs are seen to gain prevalence in the area of ornament. Sending the 28th Mehmet Çelebi Efendi to France as an ambassador had a great influence on these changes because he presented his observations that he had made in different cities of France as a report to the Palace. In this report French architecture and culture were mentioned. The change is started to be seen first especially in public buildings of Istanbul, capital city of that era, then showed itself extensively in ornament program of religious buildings. This reflection of the change can be seen in contemporaries of Anatolian architecture. This change can be seen clearly in the works that was constructed by the patronage of some well known figures who marked the period such as Grand Vizier İbrahim Pasha in particular, Kaymak Mustafa Pasha,Hüseyin Paşa,Nasuh Pasha and Rızvan Ahmed Pasha

The Personal Innovativeness Level of Employees of the Provincial Directorate of Youth Services and Sports

Ahmet ATALAY — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to examine the personal innovativeness level of the personnel working at Provincial Directorates of Youth Services and Sports throughout Turkey. While the study was conducted in scan pattern within the context of a quantitative research method which is inherent in social sciences, a 5-point Likert-type scale was used as a data collection tool within this process. According to the findings obtained, the personal innovativeness levels of the personnel working at the Provincial Directorate of Youth Services and Sports were moderate. Moreover, almost half of the personnel had interrogator characteristics within the personal innovativeness groups. Furthermore, the personal innovativeness levels of the personnel vary by their demographic characteristics (education, service period, job description and geographical region). Accordingly, it was understood that the personal innovativeness level of the personnel, who had a doctoral degree with 7-9 years of experience in Southeastern Anatolia Region and who worked as a trainer, was high. Moreover, statistically significant differences were determined between the sub-dimensions of the personal innovativeness scale and the demographic characteristics of employees. In conclusion, it was understood that the personal innovativeness level of the personnel of the Provincial Directorate of Youth Services and Sports was moderate, and this level varied by the demographic characteristics of the personnel. Consequently, it is possible to say that it is necessary to support and popularize institutional and personal innovativeness at Provincial Directorates of Youth Services and Sports. Therefore, it can be predicted that the managers of the institution will adopt a management approach that will pave the way for personal innovativeness.

A Specific Example of Products with Geographical Indication in Turkey: Anamur Banana

Süheyla BALCI AKOVA, Güven ŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

A Geographical Indication is taking a product specific to a region, area, or country with one or more unique features under protection and branding it. The Geographical Indication application includes 2 different indication applications. These are the Designation of Origin and Protected Geographical Indications. Within the scope of the protected geographical indications, in addition to the fact that a product must be specific to a region, basin, city, or country with designated boundaries, at least a specific feature, reputation, or any introductory aspect of the product must originate from the place in question. The designation of origin is the product expressed by the region, basin, town, country or region where it originates from as a whole. In other words, it refers to products which are completely specific to a particular place and which are not found or available elsewhere. As a matter of fact, Anamur Banana is a product with the Designation of Origin. Turkey, both with its location and geographical features, as well as its deep-rooted culture, has very great potential in terms of geographical indications. Thanks to these features, it is likely that the number of geographical indications in our county, which is yet 336, will increase even further in the future. When Anamur Banana, which has its own unique taste and appearance, was included in the geographical indication in 2002, the status of the product changed and it was branded. At this point, what kind of change or transformation has occurred in Anamur Banana since it was included in the geographical indication? Has there been any reflection or contribution of the application to the banana cultivation of the region from various aspects? In this study, it is aimed to both investigate the functioning of the geographical indication system and to reveal what kind of a process is experienced locally and generally after a product is included in the geographical indication.

The Violations of the Regulations of Advertisement Codes in Turkey

Kemal Cem BAYKAL, Sena COŞKUN — 2026-07-16

Advertising is an important and necessary program type in terms of ensuring economic independence of broadcasters. The aim of this study is to determine the legal problems experienced in radio and television broadcasting in terms of advertisements with regard to Law No 6112, which regulates radio and television broadcasts. The study is based on the assumption that broadcast advertising is a problematic area. In the perspective of the study consists of a free and responsible broadcasting approach which is defined by the Social Responsibility Theory. As a result of the data analysis, the decisions taken by the RTÜK between 01.12.2017 and 28.02.2018 have been examined and attempted to determine violation of advertising codes in the Law No. 6112 by broadcasters. It has been determined that the most violated advertising code is "misleading advertising”. In addition, violations are caused by tele-shopping programs. 79% of the violations have been sanctioned by upper limit sanctions. Nevertheless, it has been seen that some media service providers repeated the same violations over and over again. Therefore, sanctions in the law No. 6112 are insufficient. It has been determined that the share of national media service providers in violation is very low. The reason for this is that the sanctions on the national media service providers are quite high.

Personality Disorders and Defense Mechanisms

Yusuf BİLGE — 2026-07-16

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between groups of defense mechanisms (immature, neurotic and mature) and specific defenses in these groups and personality disorders on the DSM 5. It was searched for answers to these two questions in our research within the framework of this purpose, a) which defense mechanisms and which personality disorders are related to what level and in what direction (positive or negative) and b) which defense mechanisms predict which personality disorders. The research was carried out in a population sample of 242 persons, 136 of whom were female (56%) and 106 (44%) were male. The age range of participants was 18-64 (35.57±10.29). It were applied participants the Demographic Information Form, Coolidge Axis II Inventory Plus Turkish Form (CATI + TR) and Defence Style Questionnaire (DSQ). As a result of the correlation analyzes, it was found that all the PD’s except the schizoid PD were related to the immature defense mechanism group in a significant and positive way, unlike the other defense mechanism groups (mature and neurotic). According to these results, it was seen that between PD’s and especially immature defense mechanisms are relations in different combinations. Therefore, it has been seen that a profile of defense mechanisms's specific to each personality disorder can be created. The results of this study suggest that defense mechanisms should be taken into account in the aetiology, assessment and treatment of personality disorders.

Disciplinary Sanction Practices in the Context of School Social Services: A Qualitative Research in Sakarya High Schools

Adem DAĞ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to find out whether there is a relationship between disciplinary problems of high school students and disciplinary sanctions at school, academic achievement and their socioeconomic levels. The other aim of the study is to find out which disciplinary sanctions in the legislation is imposed by school disciplinary committees. It is another purpose of this study to find out what kind of preventive efforts is made in schools to prevent disciplinary problems in school environment. The behaviours which require disciplinary sanctions, have a complex and highly variable structure both as a cause and as a effect. For this reason, it has been concluded that qualitative design will be the most appropriate method in the study. The literature has been searched before the study, and then the questions for in-depth interview forms were prepared. Research data were obtained from in-depth interviews with a total of 10 administrators in 10 different high schools in Sakarya. The obtained data is divided into four different themes and eighteen codes. According to the findings obtained from the result of the study, the most common sanction imposed in high schools is the reprimand. The punishment to exclude from formal education is a type of disciplinary punishment that is not implemented because the results have negative effects on the student's life. No connection between disciplinary problems and being socially and economically at low level was found. No connection between disciplinary problems and academic failure could be found. The most common disciplinary action committed by the students is exhibiting the disorientating behavior in classes. According to the findings, disciplinary problems arise due to the culture and climate of the school. School social workers are needed for the elimination of discipline problems in the school environment and positive school climate and culture.

Evaluation of the Self-Efficacy for Arabic Speaking Skills, Having Different Locus of Control from the View of Arabic Teachers

Murat DEMİR, Esra DEMİR — 2026-07-16

The objective of this study is to analyze the self-efficacy for Arabic speaking skills, having different locus of control from the view of Arabic teachers. A total of 192 teachers from 5 districts of Ankara participated to research in which relational screening model research is used. “Rotter’s Internal and External Locus of Control Scale” and “Self-Efficacy Scale for Arabic Speaking Skills” were used to gather data. The correlations between variables were calculated by means of correlation and regression analysis. In accordance with to research findings, female teachers have more internal locus of control than male teachers, and there was no meaningful distincness in locus of control dimension in terms of gender. Female teachers have higher self-efficacy scores than male teachers and there was no significant difference between self-efficacy of teachers in terms of gender. Positive and meaningful connection between internal locus of control and teacher self-efficacy; a positive but weak connection between external locus of control and teacher self-efficacy was concluded. A positive connection was found between the locus of control and teacher self-efficacy. Internal and external locus of control has a strong and significant connection with teacher self-efficacy. These two changings account for 48% of the total variance of teacher self-efficacy. In accordance with the standardized regression coefficient (β), the order of importance of the predictive changings over the teacher self-efficacy is; internal locus of control and external locus of control. In accordance with the t-test results regarding the significance of the regression coefficients, it was seen that the changings of internal and external locus of control are significant predictors of teacher self-efficacy. These findings showed that internal locus of control affects level of for Self-Efficacy for Arabic Speaking Skills. Suggestions for making Arabic teachers internally controlled were presented at the end of the study.

Example Network To Be Used For Sustainable Tourism Destinations in Turkic World: EU - EDEN Network

Yakın EKİNOnur AKBULUT — 2026-07-16

The EDEN initiative was launched in 2006 by the European Commission, which plays an important coordinating role in the management of competition. Encouraging dialogue among stakeholders, financing national election procedures and awareness raising campaigns, organizing award ceremonies and coordinating a comprehensive communications campaign are among the tasks. In this study, the reasons for the emergence of the EDEN network, its objectives, the declarations on which it is based, the cooperation that the awarded destinations have established within themselves, their organizational characteristics have been examined in detail. Briefly, its historical development has been tried to be revealed. The "European Destinations of Excellence" pilot project was launched by the European Commission in 2006 aiming to draw attention to the value, diversity and common characteristics of European tourism destinations. The other objective is to promote emerging destinations where economic growth is sustained to achieve tourism, social, cultural and environmental sustainability. EDEN's main objective is to increase the visibility of non-conventional and emerging European destinations and to create a platform for sharing good practices across Europe. The European Destinations of Excellence Network for Sustainable Tourism is open to award-winning EDEN destinations and to all other destinations respecting the sustainability criteria envisaged in the EDEN competition. All of the members are committed to signing the declaration and adopting sustainable patterns of tourism presentations. In addition, EU candidate countries are listed as examples of the list of EDEN destinations in Turkey. The adoption of such a network in the context of the Turkic World, just as the case it was in the cultural capitals, will probably help to spread sustainability principles in tourism development to this geographical area and to create high-quality new destinations.

Internal Migrations at the Province of Sivas (1975-2015)

Abdulkadir ERGÜN, Adnan Doğan BULDUR — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to determine the course and direction of the internal migration movements of Sivas between the years of 1975 and 2015. For this purpose; and theprovince has received migrations, which gave the most emigrate to provinces, which migrated from cities and the factors that impact on migrations were investigated. The population of the province, which was 329.741 in 1927 when the first population census was carried out in the Republican history, continuously increased until 1985 and reached the number of 772.209. The population of the province, which has the tendency of decreasing after this period, declined to 618.617 in 2015. The migration movements within the province have been influential in this decrease. Sivas, which is one of the provinces of Turkey that sends the largest numbers of the immigrants since the 1970s, has mostly sent immigrants to İstanbul, Ankara, Kayseri, İzmir and recently to Antalya, while receiving the most immigrants from İstanbul, Ankara, Tokat, Kayseri, Izmir and Malatya. The physical geography factors of the Area such as the higher topographic elevation value, mountainous and rugged physical structure and the adverse effects of the continental climate conditions on agricultural activities, and the human factors such as the province’s being socio-economically undeveloped, being inadequate in terms of industrialization, the emergence of the unemployment problem that accompany the growing population of young people have affected the migratory movements that have caused a decrease in the provincial population.

A Sociological Assessment Devoted to the Resource of Value Judgments

Ersan ERSOY — 2026-07-16

Value judgments are the most important norms that determine human behaviors and that appoint the direction of the expected behavior in a society. Values that live sometimes as a norm, sometimes an objective, and sometimes a principle play a great role in establishing and regulating of the social life. This role shows itself in change processes, too. Because along with the change of values in a society, it is seen that human relations being in the first place, many things from institutions to stratification features change also. In this respect, values ruling in social area inform us about the course of social life. Also, an individual’s values both express his/her pursuits and their importance and show the direction of his/her wishes and demands. Thus, values play a descriptive role and reflect the identity and character of both the individual and society. Sociology put the values into the base of social and cultural structure, but mostly concentrates on their effect on human behaviors. In this article, after covering the discussions stemming from different perspectives devoted to the resource of value judgments, the resource of values in sociological terms is tried to be explained. Sociology is a social science discipline that avoids single reasoned methodology, and that follows multi-reasoned methodology in its studies, and that takes functional relations among phenomenon into account. Because of this property of sociology, in value judgments’ showing up, functional interaction processes between assessing subject and assessed object, and cultural environment are seen as important. Thereby, in this study, it is emphasized that value judgments arising as a product of assessment process cannot be independent from sociology’s explanation.

Risk Society: the Subject Within Uncertainty, Fear and the Search for Trust

Devrim ERTÜRK — 2026-07-16

The level scientific and technological knowledge reached and produced equipment have some negative effects on human action. The situation obtained with this knowledge level caused social, scientific and technological areas of this world we live to be theorized as risk society. Risk society analysis that is based on the current social structure, is based on the claim that humanity faces uncertainties and dangers about the future. Risk society theory that tries to portray humanity situation of the postmodern era, while presenting criticism of the status quo, also carries the claim that it is possible to get rid of this situation. After risk society theory was brought up by Ulrick Beck, it draw significant attention throughout the world. The basic reason why risk society conceptualization draws such attention is that it is based on the analysis of world we live in and it deeply affects the situation of the subject located in social circumstances called risk society. This study aims to argue location of subject over fear culture(Furedi, 2001) and trust concepts and over Risk Society theory of Ulrick Beck. This argument will be performed over the what effects uncertainty concept in U. Beck’s risk society analysis induce on the individual and social structure. In our day, certain opportunities that modernity provides to the subject became something that threatens life of the subject. Because they carry uncertainties, searching for new alternative systems is risky in the subject over which fear situation rules. And this situation pushes the subject to inactivity. Greatest risk for the society is a desperate subject and an anxious society.

Marine Tourism Availability of Fishing Ports: Case Study of Trabzon

Coşkun ERÜZSercan EROL — 2026-07-16

Coastal structures and fishermen 's shelters are constructed by filling natural coasts and are intended for conservation or use. Coastal structures, especially fishermen's shelters, harbors and sprinkler-like coastal protective fortifications can be used for swimming, resting or amateur fishing, boat cruises and most importantly yacht tourism. Within the boundaries of the province of Trabzon, which is a coastal strip of 119 km, there are sheltering places with 2020 boats capacity, and 30 fishermen 's shelters. It is possible to use them for tourism purposes during the summer months when fisheries activities are decreasing in terms of increasing the economic and social efficiency of such facilities and ensuring sustainability. The aim of this study is to make alternative usage analyzes and put forth the potential to increase the yield of coastal structures for fishing in Trabzon. In the study, quantitative data sets related to structural costs and fishermen shelters obtained from "Republic of Turkey Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications, General Directorate of Infrastructure Investments" were used. The location, economic, structural and social suitability of the shelters, integrated and sustainable usage potentials were also investigated by using GIS techniques. It is foreseen that the fisheries activities of the fishermen residences located in Trabzon province can increase the productivity, sustainability, local employment, economic development, migration problem and contribution to the environment through alternative uses such as daily yacht and navigation boat shelter.

Garment Culture in the Foundlings of Paleolithic and Neolithic Age

Arzu EVECEN, Mustafa Gürbüz BEYDİZ — 2026-07-16

Although the starting point of human history isn't known exactly, produced artifact products and lived cultures are giving us certain clues. Some informations such as living spaces, eating cultures, religious beliefs or clothing cultures are possible to be learnt by way of artifacts that are discovered by the results of some researchs. On this topic, especially cave and rock pictures, mother godess figurines play a part among the important reference resources. New discoveries that are come to light day by day by the numerous artifacts captured various places on earth, constitutes a significant step on annihiliation of uncertanities related with an age by questionning historical resources more consciously. On the culturel journey to the past, a number of researchs , which are witnessed through clothing and dressing styles, cave and rock pictures and captured figurines of civilization, shed lights on concrete indicators of humanity's scramble against nature and surviving war in tough living conditions. Humans of primitive age , who enabled to continue their lineage and life by their developed methods to esentially cover their bare skin, achieved to hand down these disciplines by mixing with their traditional systems, thanks to their mental talents, the next generations. In the study, it is intended that garments ,which are equipped with a symbolic value as a part of various rituals apart from functional and daily usage, are presented by being examined through the examples of foundlings that are belong to Paleolithic and Neolithic age. Mother godess figurines, garments and outfit pieces, which are obtained from treasures, and pictures on the cave walls play a part among the basis materials that constitutes foundlings.

The Modernized Armies and the Function They Undertake in Bureaucracy: Ottoman Case

Berna FİLDİŞ — 2026-07-16

The Ottoman Empire aimed to adapt to the modern world, which emerged as the result of economic and political developments through Westernization politics adopted as of 18th century, and thus aimed to survive. The fact that administrative, financial and military problems, which became apparent in 17th century, were perceived as state-centred caused Westernization, which was considered as a solution, to be implemented in a state-limited area. Thus, the Ottoman bureaucracy based on three trivets as kalemiye, ilmiye and seyfiye underwent a transformation that is based on the principles of modern state, the new political model produced by the modern world in the West. In the Ottoman bureaucracy, seyfiye was the ruling class where the transformation in concern was experienced first and most profoundly. It was thought that the state would also be strengthened by strengthening the Ottoman army, which took modern armies as a model in education, equipment and organizational matters, within the framework of Western principles. However, the defeats sustained one after the other on the battlefields in a similar fashion to the previous ones showed that they could not reach what was intended. Seyfiye, which was unable to fulfil what was expected from it regarding the principal duties, started to have a movement area different from the Classical Period in the pioneer of the modern establishments that became evident within its body as of Tanzimat period. This differentiation, which started in Tanzimat Period, was further strengthened through developments experienced in the periods of Abdul Hamid and the Committee of Union and Progress. What was emerged was a military structure that was not functionally compatible with modern armies which were obliged to fulfil the modern state's internal and external sovereignty claim in the West.

A Group of Flags and Banners belonging to Mevlevi and Bektashi orders

Gül GÜLER — 2026-07-16

This study aims to examine and assess 10 standards of the order located at Konya Mevlana Museum, Nevşehir Hacıbektaş Museum, Ankara EthnographyMuseumand İstanbul TurkIslam Artifacts Museum. The study further aims to review and evaluate the varieties-types, adornments, materials, techniques and the inscriptions and dates inscribed on standards of the order at the museums. Standard, marking, insignia, is a word used as a reference mark of the path and religion. Also meaning as flag and banner, the standardrepresented the moral power possessed by the banner of the orders as located on top of the banners of the order. At the orders, the standard used on top of the banners took very specific forms depending on each order and forebear the symbols of that order. The standards under study rather presents symbols and inscriptions from Mevlevi and Bektashiorder. The standards contain motifs such as Sikke (The Coin), which is a Mevlevi order standard, and Zülfikar, Hand Of Mother Fatima, the dragon, the most frequent symbols used at the artifacts ofBektashi order. The earliest date identified on the examined standards dated back to 989 Hijri – 1581 Gregorian. There is astandard from seventeenth century, a standard from eighteenth century and a standard from nineteenth century. The dated standards appear to be from ottoman Era. The dragon and Zülfikar motif appear to be determinant in shaping the form of the order standards. Especially the dragons depicted with two heads sharing a common body are present at majority of the standards. Manufactured using casting technique with different materials such as brass, iron, bronze, etc., almost all standards bear inscriptions and adornments. The most frequent inscriptions include “Allah, Muhammed the Prophet, names of the four caliphs, names of twelve imams, the first verse of Fetih (Conquest) section from the Quran, İhlas section from Quran, Ayete’l-Kürsi and inscriptions praising Hz. Ali and his sword, Zülfikar.

Social and cultural problems of foreign students who study at universities in Turkey

Mustafa İNCE, Mevlüt Can KOÇAK — 2026-07-16

In the world, foreign student circulation is increasing day by day in higher education. This increase is affected in Turkey. For example, number of students who coming to Turkey for higher education 2013-2014 academic year, 48.183, this number has increased by more than two times in 4 years and reached 108,076 in 2016-2017 academic year(yok.gov.tr). Turkey's position is, potentially, relations with other countries, belief structure, progress in economic and social fields, foreigners coming to our country has been effective in increasing the number of students. This increasing can be considered as a satisfactory improvement as for Turkey. However, it is important to know more about the problems and difficulties that foreign students who come to my country have a peaceful, comfortable and productive tertiary education. In our country, it is necessary for certain students to identify the problems they have experienced in areas such as private, economic, social, cultural, education, bureaucracy and to solve these problems. The main purpose of this study, is to try to determine the problems faced by foreign students who come to Turkey with the purpose of higher education. The research was carried out at Karabuk University, where about 5 percent of the students who are in formal education are foreign. The result obtained from the survey study on 235 foreign students who are studying in formal education. According to the data obtained from the studies that foreign students stated that they had difficulties with the differences in method of teaching and learning. The students who participated in the research also stated that they have some problems about food and beverages. It has been understood that nearly all of the foreign students use internet and social media as mass media. Furthermore, according to findings from the study, it was understood that the vast majority of foreign students have experienced important problems with respect to accommodation, communication and seasonal differences.

Metaphysical Thriller at Yunus Emre

Ömer İNCE — 2026-07-16

Yunus Emre XIII. century Anatolia is one of the most important poets of Turkish literature. Yunus Emre’nin There is not enough resources about historical life. It can be said that it replaced the historical life history which is enriched by popular imagination. The first and very important information about Yunus Emren's historical life was given by Fuat Köprülü. Various scientific studies on this subject have illuminated the unknowns about his life. A wide variety of opinions have been put forward regarding the date of birth and place of birth. Although it can not be determined exactly where Yunus Emre was born, it is accepted that he lived between Central Anatolia and Western Anatolia. In addition, Sivrihisar's Sarıköy, Bolu or Karaman (Lârnde) have been places of his birth place. Köprülü acknowledges that Yunus is one of the villages around Sivrihisar or Bolu in the vicinity of Sakarya water and may have grown there. There is no precise information about family and children. However, there are opinions that he accepts that he is both married and not married with the expressions in his poems. It is understood that Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli is married because of the "having a competent person" whom he gave to the offer of breathing. There are also two views on education in the light of his poetry: While some researchers have adopted the idea that it is foolish, some of them admitted that Yunus had collected knowledge. Generally, this is the preferred and dominant view. XIII. Due to the difficult conditions that the Seljuk state had fallen into the century, the people became poor and life became difficult, which increased the concerns of the future of the people. Yunus Emre, who saw the hopes diminishing with the increasing concern, the people ending the love of life and weakening the bonds with life, became the heroic poet of the people who made their hearts among the people who increased their morale and motivation by their poetry with a light, hope and spiritual support. Yunus Emre, who does not go to fuel the fire, has opened the gates of metaphysics to the people who have been upset by the physical conditions and have guided them in overcoming difficulties during the black days. They did not forget Yunus Emre, who was a light to them, who did not leave them alone during the difficult days, after public death. The Anatolian man who wanted to see him near and near, accepted Yunus as a result of love and respect for Yunus Emre, as well as many of the medfen or makam in various parts of the country.

The Appearing Situations of Morality -An Analysing Try Moving From Erol Gungor-

Muhammet Enes KALA — 2026-07-16

Erol Gungor is an important Turkish thinker. He has succeeded painstakingly to investigate the social issues that may concern to humanbeing by not giving up frequenting facts and by improving theories, which are peculiar to him. One of the most important areas of interest is sociology and the other one is psychology for him. Therefore, he could manage to handle the social issues by not separating individual from society and by means of taking care of the realities of both individual and society. Gungor, who considers morality as social case, also has let us know about self-confidence of relying on the great intellectual tradition. Morality is a need for all practical and theoretical fields. Morality is a road in which ‘homo’ becomes ‘human’. In the paper, the appearing situations of morality shall be tried to evaluate in the context of the understandings of Erol Gungor. In our essay, what we attempt to do is to evaluate a number of issues by benefiting from the understandings of Erol Gungor: In this context, the aim and value of morality, the meaning of human being and his interest of morality, the relationship between the happiness of individual and tranquillity of society, the relationship between tradition and morality, the issue of whether or not morality may change, the mediator position of morality between subjectivity and objectivity, common reflections of individual and society to appearing of morality; the positions of institutions of religion, law, state and education in carrying and protecting the essence of morality shall be tried to evaluate.

An Evaluation in terms of Companion Actors' Life Satisfaction, Maintenance, Burden and Burnout Levels and Related Factors (SDU Research and Application Hospital)

Işıl KALAYCI, Metin ÖZKUL — 2026-07-16

Companionship service which is in an informal position in Turkey produces an important service in terms of the needs of the children's daily life, the sick and elderly care in both institutional and non-institutional areas traditionally. However, today the need for companionship services is constantly increasing. Among the most important reasons for this are macro social changes such as the downsizing of families, the extension of education processes, the reduction of free time for individuals participating in working life, the lack of qualified personnel, the shortage of employment policies, and the increase in population, in particular the need for care and companion. For this reason, companionship services carried out within the framework of free family labor are now apparently becoming one of the areas of paid employment. Besides the shortage of labor supply, the demand for labor and services, which is a precondition for such a formation, is becoming increasingly felt. The research aims to reveal the problems of companionship service which is a candidate for a new and formal employment field and the inadequacies in terms of the actors who produce this service and the problems which are encountered or are difficult to overcome. In this line of research, the research is in an effort to test an assumption that companionship services carried out in an informal context will reduce life satisfaction and increase burden level with increased care load. Therefore, it is hoped that from the variables that can be evaluated within the scope of the hypothesis proposed, a social contribution that can be taken into account in the formation of qualified education, employment and personnel policies for such service areas. Within the scope of the research, 500 individuals who were hospitalized and treated in the inpatient and surgical clinics of Süleyman Demirel University Research and Practice Hospital as well as accompanying patients were taken. Accompanying persons were selected by random sampling technique. Individuals were administered the "Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS)", "Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS)" and "Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)". In addition, a questionnaire containing information on the demographic and socioeconomic status of companions and sick individuals was used. As a result of the research, life satisfaction of companion individual was 66,24%; time-dependency load 41,35%; developmental load 25,05%; physical load 26,45%; social load was 11.09% and the emotional load was found at 13.72%. Caregivers experience burnout at 47%. There is a strong relationship between life satisfaction and burden of care and burnout. As the maintenance load increases, burnout increases; maintenance burden causes emotional exhaustion (r = 0.771, p <0.01) and depersonalization (r = 0.594, p <0.01). The empirical findings of the study show that nowadays the issue of patient care has an increasing tendency. For this reason, it is important to develop policies for patient care. It is especially important to develop programs to support the physical, psychological and social needs of the individuals accompanying the patient.

Research on the Levels of Tendency Towards Violence of Kickbox Trainers

Mustafa KARADAĞ — 2026-07-16

Purpose: This research is aimed at determining the levels of tendency towards violence of the trainers who participated in the Kickbox championship in Turkey, based on gender variable Material and method: The population of this research consists of 238 trainers who participated in the Turkish Kickbox Championship in Sakarya from 14th to 22nd of July 2016 (70 provinces, 170 males and 68 females), and the sample consists of 201 trainers who voluntarily agreed to be a part of this research (145 male and 56 female trainers). In addition to the personal information form created by the researchers as a means of collecting data in the research, "Violence Tendency Scale" developed by Göka et al. was also used. In the analysis of the data; (Chi-square test) was used to determine the differences between the groups, and percentage (%), frequency (f), standard deviation were used to determine the demographic distributions of the subjects participating in the study. The results were considered significant at p <0.05. Findings: As a result of the analysis of the level of violence tendency of the trainers based on gender variable, male respondents expressed their opinion as "not appropriate at all" (X=1,54) for the idea "the animals that are wandering in the streets should be removed" while female participants responded "somewhat appropriate" (X = 2,14) (X2 = -3,485,p<.05). According to these results (Table 3, p<0,001*), a significant difference was observed (p <0,05). There were no significant differences in other items based on gender variable (p> 0,05). Result: As a result, female trainers participating in the study were found to have higher levels of tendency to violence compared to male trainers.

Vegetation Period in the Manavgat River Basin and Temperature and Precipitation Features from Plant Growing Conditions

Baştürk KAYA — 2026-07-16

The study area is the eastern part of the Western Toros Mountains and the watershed of Manavgat River Basin draws its borders. The basin covers an area of about 2450 km2. With this study, it is aimed to determine the vegetation period by examining the temperature and precipitation characteristics of Manavgat River Basin. For this purpose, long-term daily logs of Manavgat, Akseki and Seydişehir Meteorological stations were used. According to this data, the average annual temperature of Manavgat was calculated as 18.4 oC and annual precipitation as 1110.7 mm. Under these conditions, the vegetation period of Manavgat continues for 365 days without interruption. Akseki's vegetation period was determined as 263 days. Annual average temperature in Seydisehir is 11.6 oC. The annual rainfall is 732.3 mm and the vegetation period is limited to 237 days. The annual rainfall in the vegetation period is 1110.7 mm in Manavgat, 606.7 mm in Akseki and 328, 3 mm in Seydişehir. Except Manavgat station, a considerable part of the rainfall in Akseki and Seydişehir stations is seen to fall outside the vegetation cycle. As a result, differences in temperature and precipitation conditions due to altitude changes in the basin cause the vegetation period to change at short distances.

Examination of Decision Making Styles of Referees in Different Branches in terms of Some Variables

Abdurrahman KIRTEPE, Turan ÇETİNKAYA — 2026-07-16

Nowadays, soccer and basketball, which is followed by masses, has become universal sports. For this reason, referee decisions in football and basketball are of great importance because these decisions directly affect the outcome of an encounter. In our work, it was aimed to examine decision making styles of football and basketball referees in terms of branch, age and referee year variables. The population of our research; constitutes 140 football and basketball referees who serve as provincial referees in Elazığ. In the study, demographics and Decision Making Styles are obtained by "Melbourne Decision Making Scale" which was developed Mann et al. (1998). The obtained data were tested for normality and as a result parametric tests were used for normal distribution data. The Independent Samples t test was used for analysis of the binary groups and the One Way Anova test was used for the analysis of multiple groups. Data were evaluated with SPSS 22.0 statistical package program and the level of significance was taken as p <0.05. In the obtained data, there is no significance difference between referee's branch and age and decision style sub-dimensions (p>0.05) . A statistically significant difference has seen between referee year and decision-making styles (p<0.05). As a conclusion; it has been seen that, according to the branch and age variables of football and basketball referees, decision-making styles do not show any significant change, young age group referees tended to escape decision-making responsibility in the decision-making phase according to the referees in older age groups.

Self-Control Issue in Printed Media and Assessment of Supervisory Function of Press Announcement Institution with Respect to Freedom of Press

Mehmet Sena KÖSEDAĞ — 2026-07-16

Turkish press, having around two hundred years of history, has not been able to establish a self-control mechanism functioning in a healthy way within the historical process. The most serious attempt on the subject was made in 1960 with foundation of Press Honour Council, however, such attempts failed soon. Under conditions where voluntary institutions fell short, the idea of assigning duty of supervision to institutions established by law came to the fore. In this context, task of inspection of newspapers and magazines in Turkey was assigned to Press Announcement Institution (PAI) founded with the Law No. 195 and a mixed control model was set forth. In this study which was carried out through literature review method, reasons for and results of the fact that printed media in Turkey could not manage to establish a self-control mechanism within itself were handled. In addition, structure, functioning, objectives and activities of Press Announcement Institution, which executes distribution of official announcements that are the largest sources of income for printed media and which also functions as a supervisory institution, were examined. In the study, it was tried to find out that self-control practices, although considered as an important factor in terms of freedom of press in Turkey, have not been attached adequate importance and that attempts on this subject have remained inconclusive again due to sectoral reasons. It was determined that PAI audited newspapers and magazines ex officio or upon complaint within the scope of Ethical Principles for Press and legislation and imposed various sanctions. Furthermore, the fact that PAI transfers funds to press on one hand and takes on a supervisory role on the other, was brought into question and a few recommendations were brought forward in the conclusion section.

Tanzimat: A Prototype of Turkish Moderinization and a Westernization Movement

Arif Olgun KÖZLEME — 2026-07-16

Tanzimat, which can be referred to as a large-scale westernization movement, substantially affected the subsequent modernization movements in terms of methodology and understanding. Therefore, it is considered by most of the academia as the true starting point of the Turkish Westernization. Tanzimat is the first step to a fresh-new modern state organization, of the state structure in particular, in every aspect. External developments and domestic turmoil made the Ottoman Empire resort to Tanzimat. Hence, it refers to a renovation process which was predominantly governed by Western countries and initiated bona fide by pioneers who thought that revival could be achieved through a Western model. Such contradictions as state's recovery, West as role model, and failure to give upon the old conventions have always been regarded as a barrier to Tanzimat and the mindsets of the vanguards and been a hotly debated topic. In consideration of the economic, political, and social facts of the time, it is not easy to offer an answer to what other renovation methods would be adopted. The primary concern of the present study is to reveal whether Tanzimat, relying on modernization of governmental structure and rights and freedoms, can be considered as a true renovation in the Westernization of the Ottoman Empire and what kind of an understanding it bequeathed to the following periods in terms of social change. The fact that Tanzimat dignitaries were incapable of reorganizing the efforts in a purposeful, well-planned, systematic manner independent of the Western impositions and training the human resources able to appreciate and apply them before the implementations hampered the intended achievement. However, even though it could please no one and achieve the desired goals, Tanzimat, in consideration of its intellectual activities, can be regarded as both a necessity and a right endeavor from a great many perspectives. This study follows a methodology where primary sources and scientific studies concerning the period are reviewed and analyzed.

Other States and Nations

Ahmed Emin OSMANOĞLU — 2026-07-16

This study aims to detect the perspectives towards contemporary and historical states and nations in a social studies coursebook used in the 7th grade in Turkey. The study was structured by a document review technique based on a qualitative research model. A random sample was selected from private publishing books in accordance with the stratified sampling technique in the study. The data were collected through document review technique. The whole coursebook was read from the beginning to the end. Maxqda 12 program was used for this purpose. In the preliminary reading of the coursebook, it was decided to use words as register unit and sentences as context unit. Every state and nation name encountered during the main reading process was marked and recorded under a code system; a final code list was formed. Quantitative coding was not satisfactory and thus qualitative coding was also performed by paying attention to positive, negative or neutral forms of each code within the related sentence context and recording was performed under the related code. The unweighted scores of the categories generated in the data collection process are presented as frequency (f) and percentage (%). The questions were answered and analyzed according to the density score and qualitative characteristics of each category. 46 contemporary state / nation names were identified in the study. The first five most coded states and nations were Turkey/Turkish, Greece/Greek-Cypriots, Germany/German, England/English and Russia/Russian, respectively. The perspective of the coursebook towards the contemporary countries were found mostly neutral; rarely positive, and less negative. Positive discourse was used only for 5 out of 46 states and nations. In the coursebook, a negative discourse was rarely used for 8 out of 46 states and nation. Negative discourse was most commonly used in the categories of Russia/Russian, France/French, Germany/German, England/English, Italy/Italian, Serbia/Serbian, Netherlands and Croatia/Croatian, respectively. It was found that "Patriotism" was adopted, which means that everybody loves their nation and works to raise it, rather than "Nationalism" which drives nations to chauvinism in the coursebooks. A total of 10 historical states and nations that have not continued their existence today or whose names have changed were determined in the coursebook. The first five most mentioned of these states and nations were Old Turkey/Old Turkish, Ottoman Empire/Ottoman Turk, Seljuk States/Seljuk Turks, Byzantine Empire/Byzantine, Roman Empire/ Roman, Republic of Venice/Venice, Austria-Hungary/Hungarian. The partial majority of the codes were neutral, partially positive, and rarely negative. In the Turkish category, the majority of the codings were made in the Ottoman State/Ottoman Turk category. In the coursebook, mostly Europe and European concepts were mentioned compared to Asia and Africa. Europe was emphasized to be socially, scientifically, economically and culturally developed, followed, imitated and pioneered. Asia and Africa were negated due to epidemics and poverty. Europe was negated by colonialism.

Perception of Elderly Abuse in Employment of Carers for Elderly: An İmplementation on Elderly Sitter Trainees

Metin ÖZKUL, Işıl KALAYCI — 2026-07-16

One of the attempts to prevent the old abuse is supporting the old and the family with professional care staff on nursing. In our country, for this aim, Sitter for Elderly Patients Courses have been opened in Public Education Center. Individuals who have completed the training and received a certificate in sitting for elderly patients, “Sitter for Elderly Patients” certificate, can contribute to elderly care in nursing homes and/or at home. In this survey, participants were chosen among the trainees of Sitter for Elderly Patients Courses. Determining the opinions of trainees on the old abuse is aimed to contribute to regulate the content of education on the oldies nursing, to define the actual abuse and to create the necessary awareness. In this way, it is aimed to identify the opinions of the trainesses about the old abuse in this research. The research is descriptive and cross sectional. A questionnaire form was prepared based on the observations and experiences of researchers and a review of the related literature. It was applied at the very first day of the course through interview technique. The aim of the study and the questionnaire were explained to the participants. Written consent was obtained from all participants. The data were analyzed using statistical computer programs. By searching the literature, the question form is prepared and on the first day of the course, it is done by interview technic. %91.3 of the participants have heard about the term of the old abuse. Experiencing the old abuse fact (%42) emphasized that (%47) ‘children’ of the old and (%20.6) ‘relatives’ of the old perform the abuse. They noticed that the old people are often ‘psychological’ (%37.0) and physical (%27.2) victims. Among the reasons why elderly people are abused “because elderly people are in need of care” (40.8%) has an important place. The reasons why carers abuse elderly are as follow: “economic reasons” (38.3%), “psychological problems of carers” (21.0%), and “low education status of carers” (24.7%). Defining the opinions of the people who will be employed in the field of the old nursing and regulating the content of the education are significant to determine the awareness for the old abuse in society.

Art Object as A Material Culture

Hasan SANKIR — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to understand society on the consumption of art object (visual arts) with the help of theories at the field of material culture. For this purpose, this study has divided into two main parts. In the first part of the study, as a material culture, an argument on the position, role and function of the objects has been presented. In this part the relationship and interaction between social structure components, such as the role of the object on the construction and continuity of social life, life style, function in identity construction process, social stratification and the production of inequality, and objects as a material culture have been presented via material culture and semiotic theories. In the second part an approach to the meaning, function and trajectory of art object in social context has been enhanced. A point of view for the possibility of art object such as how art objects is produced as socially, under which conditions transform an abject to the art abject has been revealed, As a result of the work, art objects have turned into functional intermediaries that individuals use in their social practices and everyday practices. It has also been understood that art objects have been used as a symbolic tool by agency such as determination of social class and status, in the construction of identity, in self-presentation, in the production of economic and social relations of power and have playing an important role in the reproduction of the regularity of social space.

The Struggle of Returning Ahıska Turks to Turkey and the Reflection of Ukraine Events in the Turkish Media

Saida SHUKRİEVA — 2026-07-16

Ahiska Turks are a human drama that has not written in history books. This drama is started many years ago and is continues till nowadays. Unfortunately, people who live in this drama can not hear their voices.These people, who are forcibly exiled around the world, never could obtain a peaceful life in those countries where they were sended. One of these countries is Ukraine.The battle that is started in Ukraine also took the Ahıska Turks into his burning flames. Unfortunately with the starting of war the many houses of Ahiska's family was destroyed and they starded to live in outside. Those who can no longer stand these tortures have tried to announce their screams to Turkey. Turkey which has never ignored the screams of helpness has not also ignored the voice of own nation. One of the biggest reasons of choosing this subject is that I am also Ahıska Turk and Iam also a part of this drama. The second biggest reason is to reveal the painful situation of Ahiska Turks in Ukrainian events. And the last reason is that this study will contribute to the Ahiska Turks and to the literature. This study deals with the history of the Ahiska Turks, the struggle of returning to their homeland, the events in Ukraine and its reflection on the Turkish press.

A New Way of Claiming for Domination: Temptation of Desires by Capitalism

Mustafa SOLMAZ — 2026-07-16

The relation between desire and capitalism and how desire is tempted by capitalism constitute the purpose of the research. Texts of prominent economists, views of the historians of capitalism and various advertisement samples are included as part of the topic. Thus, the topic of desire has been analysed both in economic theories of the names who theorised capitalism and in advertisements of mass media tools which compose a significant phase of the factual development of capitalism. Document analysis was employed as the method, and it is the technique in which individuals can conduct the research single-handedly in situations where observations or interviews are impossible, so previous studies should be resorted to carry it out. Previous studies and the data regarding them are available in several reports, journals and books. Information we obtain from them is acquired through content analysis and critical discourse analysis, the two most fundamental types of document analysis. By means of content analysis, all sorts of verbal and written data is classified and summarised in a way to ensure the research to be comprehensible. As to critical discourse analysis, the data specified is not accepted as it is, but it is questioned and the further relations of meaning are aimed to be discovered. In this analysis performed according to aforementioned research methods, it is seen that capitalism tempts the desires of the masses through impressive images, tempting voices and equivocal allusive articles. It has been concluded that capitalism, by doing these all, tries to reach the unconscious of individuals, and to achieve this, takes advantages of the sexual drives of them.

May 27, 1960 Military Coup Effort to Legitimize: Example of Akis Magazine

Meltem ŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

In this study, the issues of Akis magazine between May 30, 1960 and December 19, 1960 are examined to focus on the ground of legitimacy created for May 27, 1960 Military Coup. Akis, which was published between May 15, 1954 and December 31, 1967, has an important place in the history of magazine publishing. Akis is also an important example for the role of press in establishing the legitimacy required by the military government after May 27, 1960, which is a powerful breaking period of Turkey. The magazine, which was published by Metin Toker, son-in-law of İsmet İnonü, in the relevant period, played an efficient role in Turkish politics since the first day of its publishing. The statement of the soldiers who performed May 27 event that Akis had affected them before that date is making the magazine even more interesting. In this study, which sets off from this information, 7 months period from May 30, 1960, the first issue after May 27, to the last issue of the year on December 19, 1960 were scanned. During this process, the definition of May 27 by the magazine to the interpretation of the method to change the government along with the language used about National Unity Committee (MBK) members and Democrat Party (DP) members, the adjectives used about İsmet İnönü and the opinions on Yassıada were examined. This data, which is examined with historical descriptive analysis method, has revealed the efforts of Akis to provide legitimacy of the government. This study, which shows effort to present an example of the press that reflects an important power in political perception and interpretation in Turkey within the history, is thought to provide contribution to the discussions about press – government relations.

The Significance of Funeral Fabrics and Iconographic Solutions in Turkish İnterment Traditions

Fatma Nalan TÜRKMEN — 2026-07-16

Plain weave rugs occupy a significant place in funeral rites traditions of the Turks. Known colloquially as ölümlük-dirimlik (‘life and death fabric’), ahretlik (‘afterlife fabric’), and sargı halısı/kilimi (‘wrapping rug/kilim’), these fabrics were used to cover mortal remains. They were often donated to the mosque following the return from the burial and they were under no circumstances bought or sold. The fabrics were kept by old people together with the shroud in their dowry chest almost as if they were part of their dowry. Until recently the death rugs were meticulously observed customs in nearly all of Anatolia. The tradition was sustained over many years in places like Balıkesir, Çanakkale and Bergama in western Anatolia, in Niğde and Kırşehir in central Anatolia and in Van, Bitlis and Hakkari in eastern Anatolia, and it also shows up among the Turkic peoples in Central Asia. The Turkmens’ so-called pışbağalı halı is a rug peculiar to this purpose. Pışbağa means tortoise, which symbolizes a long and healthy life. Besides, it represents the supremacy, strength, wealth and prosperity of the State. Turtle, in the sense, has been cited as a dynastic symbol. Hence the figure that frequently was used on the plinths of the Göktürk stone carvings also appears in Turkish decorative art. The turtle figure, regarded as a sacred animal and an astrological symbol, is used for decorative purposes from Central to Minor Asia. This article will focus on the ölümlük-dirimlik fabrics, and explore and compare their motifs, compositions and iconographic solutions.

The Language of the İmages: The Images that Changed the History of Art: Urinal and Coca-Cola Bottles

Arzu UYSAL — 2026-07-16

How does a urinal have an effect that transforms the history of art and causes new discourses to be written and drawn? Or how does a Coca-Cola bottle take its place as a moment-shifting image in the artist's work with a sudden feeling before going to a trash? These images, which are the scene of different fictions continue to draw attention as they surprised the time-period which they were produced in. It is transformed into a work of art that everyone can understand and understand by interpreting with a plurality of revolutions on a paper (Coca-Cola bottle) paper which is a "garbage" object of daily life. In the 19th century, the artist turned to different quests and found himself in completely new independent discourses in the 20th century. Urinal is an image produced in the second half of the 19th century and has very impressive results as discourse. It is the Coca-Cola bottle from the 20th century's most influential sources, and Warhol's words have changed our point of view. As a result of occasional social traumas, sometimes these artifacts produced by the mood of the artist are still being spoken today and causing numerous readings to be made. In this article, a work analysis will be made by the works of Marcel Duchamp's "Fountain" and Andy Warhol's "Green Coca-Cola Bottles". In addition, interpretations will be made on the common points between the artist psychology and the two artists, which cause these images to turn into an art object.

The Reflection of the Culture Duvak onto Gravestone “The Sample of Fatıma Müşerref Hanım”

Nacide UYSAL — 2026-07-16

Death is described as the ending point of any living. The phenomenon of death which can be handled as an inevitable final is easily perceived as a transitional period of any individual by taking an acceptable form in line with the beliefs. The people’s faith has determined both burial traditions and grave architecture in this transitional period, and contributed to the making of cultural heritage which is changeable from any society to any other. The graves are the most important historic documents of any geographical region. By having a glance at the graves of any region, it is highly possible to comprehend the cultural structure, traditions and belief systems of the people living thereabouts. The Turks have paid particular attention to the deceased and their graves for the years of nomadic way of life having emerged at the steppes of Central Asia. The most prominent reason of this approach is that Turks have ‘cult of ancestors’ and awareness on the temporariness of the process experienced. In the aftermath of the adoption of Islam, their perceptions of death and grave have been shaped in the direction of Islamic rules and regulations. The human life has three basic phases: birth, marrying, death. While the phenomenon of death is relatively more acceptable for any older person, a younger death can alter the form of cultural diversity. Accordingly, the lament after any deceased, the funeral and grave take a form according to the characteristics of the deceased. Both the death and grave of Fatıma Müşerref Hanım which constitutes the main topic of this paper is valuable in terms of revealing some traditions to be implemented. This grave in form of sarcophagus at the hazire of Mosque Süleymaniye bears easily distinguishable features with its cultural diversity among the other graves. The grave of a 17-year-old young woman draws attention with a duvak motif inscribed on its gravestone. This motif, which was inscribed in 1910, can be still observed on the gravestones of the girls who decease at the age suitable for marriage in Anatolia.

In terms Of Cultural Heritage Turkish Coffee

Firdevs YÖNET EREN, Aybuke CEYHUN SEZGİN — 2026-07-16

Traditions, customs and habits constitute the cultural values of societies. These values are the result of accumulation of a long period of time. The eating and drinking habits that are among the habits of the Turkish society are culturally significant. Coffee which is the subject of my study is at the forefront of beverages that play an important role in the social environment for years. It is known that drinking habits of coffee, which is loved and loved by the Turkish people and which is considered to be a precious feature, continues from the 5th century until the present day.Coffee is powder obtained from a tree of the genus coffea by roasting and grinding of bright red fruit cores reminding of cherry. While coffee is located in the ancient sources of similar information about the first time where it is often found along Yemen's homeland of coffee but it is known that the first coffee brought from Yemen to Ethiopia. Since the spread of the coffee from Arabia to the western countries was provided through Ottoman geography, the Europeans called coffee as Turkish beverages. For centuries, happy and joyful to be characterized by a beverage widely consumed coffee is an important beverage showing the effect of social life. Turkish coffee culture is among our ongoing traditions. As part of everyday life, it has become an indispensable cultural heritage as an irreplaceable drink of social institutions such as entertainment, conversation and hospitality, which coffee has been a sign of social status with a special emphasis on being serviced previously. In this study; in terms of Turkish society by declaring the importance of coffee the history of coffee and were informed about the preparation of Turkish coffee. In addition, the coffee by emphasizing the duty of the social life, proposals have been presented for the continuation of the cultural heritage feature.

Bulgarian Migrants Transnationalism and Reproduction of “Muhacir”

Selda ADİLOĞLU, Sercan EKLEMEZLER — 2026-07-16

Current studies addressing Bulgarian immigration focus on migration itself or the changes in migration rather than cause and effects of migration that have already taken place. This causes the studies to accumulate around the topics of voting, dual citizenship, and EU membership, in other words, explaining the notion of migration with political motivation. This study rejects the idea that transnational relations are merely political relations and hypothesizes that it has its sources in different factors. The problem of not being able to give exact numbers of Bulgarian immigrants in Turkey causes problems in determining the population. Sampling is also difficult for the same reason. However, for the sake of reliability in the study, 385 people were planned to be included in the study, but 356 surveys applied to the sample were evaluated in the study. The results of the survey suggest that Bulgarian immigrants can experience being transnational in reality as well as symbolically. Bulgarian immigrants experience Bulgaria in reality by visiting their homeland and symbolically by bringing/importing and/or consuming/using Bulgaria/Balkans originated products. The immigrants carry on their pre-migration lifestyles, flavors they were accustomed to and their likings to their post-migration lives by means of consumer products. The easiest way of carrying old experiences into a new life is obtaining foods, drinks, clothes, and every-day-tools. Bulgarian immigrants have products and imageries upon which they assign a meaning through their visits to Bulgaria or “macır pazarı” (special markets where they can find those products imported), markets and create a symbolic Bulgaria in Turkey. This helps Turks from Bulgaria to become contemporary transnational immigrants. The fact that they live Bulgaria in Turkey and keep the values and their memories of Bulgaria in Turkey –including the young into this process- both reinforces being a “transnational immigrant” and reproduces being “muhacir” -an immigrant- in conventional meaning.

Analysis of the First Prelude, Final Prelude and Final Yürük Semai of Bayâtî-Araban Âyîn-i Şerîfi by Cinuçen Tanrikorur in terms of Maqam and Transposition

Alper AKDENİZ — 2026-07-16

Cinuçen Tanrıkorur who composed in the forms of both religious and non-religious themes and is one of the most important composers and lute performers of the 20.th century Classical Turkish Music has 4 works in the form of “Mevlevî Ayîn-î Şerîfi”. Among those 4 pieces of works which were composed in the maqams of Bayâtî-Araban, Evcârâ, Nişâburek and Zâvil-Aşîrân, the Bayâtî-Araban Mevlevî Ayîn-î Şerîfi was granted an award of championship in the competition of Composition Contest organized by Konya Tourism Association in 1979 and it was awarded with golden medal in the 13’th International Contest of Art held by Académie Internationale de Lutèce in 1981. The Mevlevi Ayîn’s are within the most difficult forms of Composition of Turkish Classicam Music. Organizing the 1’st, 2’nd, 3’rd. and 4’th salutations between naat-ı Mevlânâ, prime improvisation, salutations for Ayin, final prelude, final yürük semai and aşr-ı şerif with maqam and transposition of tempo is extremely difficult for a composer. Because, the allusion form of Mevlevi should be in harmony with melody in conformity with ear and harmony and isn’t contrary to classical tempo and music. The composers of Mevlevî Âyini are the craftsmen who perfectly organize this order. The analysis of the first prelude, final prelude and final yürük semai of the Bayâtî-Araban Ayîn-i Şerîfi by Cinuçen Tanrıkorur in terms of maqam and transposition consist the topic of this paper. Through this study, it was aimed to analyze the works of music composers with the capacity of giving qualitative works after becoming masters in Classical Turkish Music and also provide contributions to the institutions and authorities who deal with music education through conducting analysis on the aforementioned works so that they can learn the forms of maqam.

Young People's Perspective on Women's Education as a Social Problem

İpek Beyza ALTIPARMAK — 2026-07-16

There have been many problematic areas about women for a long while. The content of the problems related to the women and the proposed solutions are very important clues about the structure of the society. Women's education and access to education is one of the problems. The education that has become increasingly important with the modern world and it has been subject to many researches. When comparative examples are considered both at the local scale and at the global scale, it is seen that studies on the subject have been made. Not only for individual development but also as a necessity in social development, education has always been regarded as an important but still unattainable area. Young people's point of view is also very important with regard to the issue of education as it is in other topics. For this reason, women's education will be evaluated in view of young people who are studying in university. At this point, 160 student questionnaires were applied at Bursa Technical University. Survey data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 program. As a result of the data analysis, it was revealed that young people responded in an equitable manner by responding to the points emphasizing the contribution of women's education without being influenced by gender roles. Another point that is emphasized in the study is that the participants should not find the number of the girls who are educated enough and see the education system as the greatest cause of their leaving their education. It is an important result of the analysis of this research that young people considers that increasing the number of educated women will increase the level of development of the country.

First Special Television in TRNC: Examination on Special Television Written Press

Güven ARIKLI, Melahat ARIKLI — 2026-07-16

The various structures and institutions in society are in mutual interaction and interaction with each other. Media structures are also one of the most important of them. Media systems are not only signs of countries' social and political structures, but also media structures are determined by social, political and cultural structures. In order to understand the technological, economic, political, social and cultural transformations of societies, the interaction of the various social structures mentioned must be examined. As both political and economical beings, the media have the function of legitimizing the status quo as well as affecting the process of formation and state politics of public thought. With the establishment of TRNC in 1983, Sancak Radyo was closed and Bayrak Radio, one of them, continued broadcasting with the name of Bayrak Radio and Television Corporation. With this development, the control of the publication went from civilian forces to state control. Thus, the production and distribution of information began to be carried out by the state. This continued until the publishing of the state monopoly began in 1996 with the first private radio channel First FM followed by the first private TV channel Tempo TV (later on as Channel T). From these dates, private radio and TV stations in the country began broadcasting quickly afterwards. Along with the emergence of private broadcasters, polyphony has also come to the fore in social and political life. In this study, it was aimed to see how the 'private television' perception that is starting to take shape is shaped in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, where television broadcasts of monopoly BRT have been watched so far. For this purpose, it has been examined how the news and comments in the newspapers related to Tempo Television are made with a viewpoint and style. In this context, the newspaper, which can be positioned as statist-social democrat, and the neo-liberal conservative newspaper were taken as samples.

Metaphorical Perceptions of Pedagogical Formation Students About Philosophy

Gamze ASLAN, Sevil BÜYÜKALAN FİLİZ — 2026-07-16

The main purpose of this research is to reveal the perceptions of the candidates of the pedagogical formation education about the concept of "philosophy" by metaphor method. The study group of the study consists of 254 students, 33 of whom are male and 221 of which are female students, who are pedagogical formation students at the Gazi Education Faculty of Gazi University during the spring semester of 2017-2018 academic year. The current number of metaphors obtained from the students participating in the survey is 155. Invalid metaphors have not been included in the investigation because of the occurrence of multiple metaphors, the inability to create metaphors, and the lack of clarification. The students in the study were trained in coaching education, political science and public administration, contemporary Turkish dialects and literature, Turkish folklore, French language and literature, midwifery, English interpreting, sociology, Russian language and literature, recreation, physics, mathematics, child development, are trained in English language and literature, Turkish language and literature and Arabic as well as in the fields of arts, crafts, justice, nursing, American culture and literature, international relations, sport management, philosophy, sick and elderly services. There was a correlation between the metaphor of the pedagogical formation students participating in the study and the part where they were educated. However, the most invalid metaphors are handicrafts and child development departments. Each student of the study told me that "philosophy for me .... like this. Because ... .. "is achieved by completing the cümles. A content analysis technique was used to analyze and interpret the data. According to the results of the research, 9,69% of the pedagogical formation students compared philosophy to life concept. After the metaphore of life, ocean and metamorphosis were obtained with 6.06% and 5.45%, respectively.

The Bureaucracy Daily Life Interaction of School Principals

Abdullah BALIKÇI, Ahmet AYPAY — 2026-07-16

Administration systems can affect all the established structures. When bureaucracy is thought to be one of the administration systems, how it functions in daily life gains importance. The aim of this research in this framework is to reveal the interaction of bureaucratic practices with daily life in terms of school administration and to propose solutions. The research is designed in the basic qualitative research (basic interpretive pattern) pattern. The participants of the research in this frame are the 22 school principals who are working in the districts of different socio-economic levels in Konya province central districts (Karatay, Meram, Selçuklu) and in the spring semester of 2014-2015 academic year. Participants were identified using an easily accessible case sample and a maximum diversity sample. For the interview form created for this research, it was benefited from the extension in the field, the administrators who could be potential participants, and the Turkish teachers who are language-expression extension. In the analysis of the interviews, a voice recorder was used to avoid data loss and the interviews were confirmed by the participants. In the analysis of the data, a descriptive analysis technique was used. The research utilized five strategies in the field of reliability-validity: extensive fieldwork, external auditing, direct quote, theory diversification and diversification. According to this research findings, school principals spend a lot of time on routine routines. These works can be planned as well as unplanned. Cleaning, maintenance, heating, lighting, control of workers and students, care for parents, daily routines of correspondence are revealed. There is an inevitable and intense interaction with the bureaucracy of daily life. Bureaucracy occupies an important place in daily life; but it seems that the steps towards education-training are in the forefront. Bureaucracy is considered as an obstacle, both within itself and in the context of daily affairs.

Photo-Ethnographic Study: Alevi/Bektashi-Cepni Ballar Village

Bayram ÇAĞLAR, — 2026-07-16

This study is based on the examination of visual culture items in daily life practices of Alevis / Bektashi and Ballar village in Kandıra / Kocaeli was chosen as a sample in this study. The study is based on photo-ethnography and it has been conducted through face-to-face interviews with the contact people. It has been observed that the visuals regarding their beliefs are an important part of the interior decoration and they are making an effort to keep the historical memory alive by establishing some kind of communication with the representations or actual photographs of the past leaders of the belief. Moreover, the main aim of these visuals did not have the priority of expressing them to the society outside, especially in the identity determination in this place; it was concluded that these messages were coded mostly in an introverted way. It was also determined that the visuals in households and djemevis and the traditional belief and cultural values that they represented brought about framing in the minds of these individuals and anchored to the base of the belief and identity. It is possible to develop the thesis that the relevant bonds have brought them closer to the Sunni people on the ground of 'Turkishness” because they define themselves as “genuine–Turks” and the differences in beliefs drove them away because they were restricting it to their houses and djemevis which can be defined as private space.

Analyzing The Contribution Of The Chorus Festivals In Turkey To The Turkish Chorus Music

İlknur ÖZAL GÖNCÜ, Semiha Senem AZMİOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Abstract: The first instrument of all people is his voice. There is no need to make any effort or to pay any cost to use a person's voice. The situation being like this make people direct to the field of vocal studies. The field, in which voice is used most effectively, is choir. Therefore, during the process of general music education, choir training and thus choirs have important positions. This research is studied with the aim of detecting the contributions of festivals held in Turkey to Turkish Chorus Music. Another aim of this study is to define the problems during these festivals and find solution about that matter. This research is a descriptive study in survey model.To collect data interviews have done with institutions/ foundations and associations that held festivals in Turkey. The ınformation taken from ınterview form and their frequency and percentage calculations has been given as tables. As a result of that survey, it is determined that 15 festivals here held in Turkey however 2 of them couldn’t last because of various reasons. In consequence of this study, it is found out that the festivals contribute to Turkish Chorus Music via information exchange, communication and affection between chorus, progress of chorus as quality and quantity and presenting the output of chorus that they educated for a year And also, it is seen that the festival singers socialize and chorus music is collocating with folk.

The Power of a Statesman: The Ideal Leader According to Machiavelli

Ahmet Umut HACIFEVZİOĞLU — 2026-07-16

In this article, Machiavelli’s views on statesman are evaluated in an ethical context. Machiavelli, who objected to the classical political ethics taught by ancient thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Cicero and John of Salisbury, had thoughts on the statesman that can only be explained by taking into account the political style dominated Italy in that age. Machiavelli, who suggests cheating or using force when needed in order to keep the country in unity, interprets political thought on "realistic" bases, while putting out a political ethos that is different from the morality of happiness context of ancient political thought or the theological structure of medieval political thought. In the context of political thought, one of the main points that Machiavelli distinguished from the classical period thinkers is the political goal of the statesman. Machiavelli’s priority for a statesman is his security. According to Machiavelli, the security and the power of the statesman have priority because he is not an ordinary statesman and rather he is the one with an objective of constructing the national unity. Machiavelli, who pointed out that the actions of the statesmen cannot be guaranteed without exhibiting the actions that ignore the ethical principles of realizing the political goal, the correct action is the one which would make it possible for the statesman to reach its political goal. It can be said that, the virtue conception of Machiavelli (that he explains when he discusses the virtues that a statesman should have), points to a breakpoint in the history of political thought.

Province as a Cinematic Spaces in the New Turkish Cinema in the Context of Narrative: Evaluation of "Once upon Time in Anatolia"

Ensar KALE — 2026-07-16

Space is of great importance for art as it is for many different disciplines, which are based on the multidimensional importance of human life. Cinema, which is one of the most space-intensive arts branches, is separated from other art branches in this context because of the necessity of sophisticated processes in the formation of space understanding and the considerable human factor's effect at every stage. Cinematic space is formed by the combination of cinematic components as well as narrative. Besides, in the formation of the cinematic space, the specific values that the space itself possesses are also important. Province in Turkey within this direction, have wide coverage in Turkish Cinema with the influence of unique historical, social and sociological background. However, it has been possible with New Turkish Cinema that this coverage turn into representation in real terms and the province gain a continuous apparency as are beyond the individual initiative. The new Turkish cinema has not seen province as a uniform; has approached it from within and with individual perspectives, thus it has enabled to revealing different provinces and differences of provinces. At the same time, under favour of handling of cinematographic opportunities offered by the province with unique style and out of the classical narrative, the province has turned into a multilayered and substantial cinematic space. This study aimed to analyze the changing position of the province as a cinematic space in the context of narrative and in this perspective evaluated the film "Once Upon a Time in Anatolia".

Body Composition in Children Between 5-14 Age Groups

Vahdet ÖZKOÇAK — 2026-07-16

Body composition studies are important for children to take action in terms of activites of sport, development of motoric skills, raise healty individuals. The purpose of this study is to determine the body composition measurment values of children who are doing sport for health and to make difference in order to provide the healtier standarts by body composition values of indivudials in this age group in our country.In accordance with these purposes were choosed children who are summer trainees as the sample group at Ankara University Swimming Pool in 27 June- 24 Agust 2017 dates. Continuing on 3 week periods of course; weight, size measurements were taken from totally 260 individuals who were 108 females and 152 males. Size measurments were taken with anthropometer type of Martin and body composition and weight were taken with 100 gauge digital scaleTANITA BF-556 Body Fat Monitor. There was a significant difference between the genders of all body, leg, arm impedances and fat percentages (p <0.05). There was no difference between the genders in other body composition values (p> 0.05). Impedance values and fat percentage were found to be higher in females and less in males. It is important to determine the body composition so that healthy living standards can be created during childhood.

Innovative Approaches in Leather Design: Surface Applications on Transparent Leather

Beyhan PAMUK, Şengül EROL , Seher Tereci ERGÜL — 2026-07-16

Leather is one of the most important materials that human beings need in everyday life from the early ages. While the fronts are used in functional products due to their solid structure, aesthetic values have been gained over time and artistic dimension has been added as well as functionality. At the head of the causative factors is the learning of the taboo, which gives the human being the ability to gain form, process and longer usability. Thus, the fields of use of the skin have also expanded. Leather and leather products, which are among the indispensable parts of the fashion industry today, diversify their usage areas and forms with the progress of innovative technology. "Transparent Leather", which is regarded as an innovative product in leather production, seems to have a structure suitable for the development of innovative products by preserving its natural properties by a series of chemical processes made on the skin. Transparent leather creates a new vision for the fashion industry because of its flexibility, color diversity and a structure that makes it easy to create different fashion pieces, with a not so common pans yet. In this work, transparent leather developed by Anıl Deri in Uşak province in order to diversify its transparent deep design potential and to develop new products, laser cutting machines; laser cutting, laser scraping and digital printing and surface applications, transparent literature, design and product range are presented.

The Opinions of Amateur Children Choir Members Towards Using the Kodaly Method in Choir

Emel Funda TÜRKMEN, İlknur Özal GÖNCÜ — 2026-07-16

Amateur children's choirs are the most enjoyable and effective environment for giving general music education. While contributing to pervading of general music education, it also plays a leading role in the development of country’s music culture. The purpose of this research is to determine the opinions of the students in the amateur children's chorus about the practices in the Kodaly Method, to develop the methods that can be applied in amateur choruses and to shed light on the methods used by those who are interested in this area. It is also aimed to make the studies efficiently by taking the opinions of the students about the practices. Based on this, in the study, the evaluations of the children who took part in the amateur children's chorus towards how they find various implementations that make up the basis of the method which is used in choir studies and contents of Kodaly Method were examined. In the study conducted based on qualitative research methods, a short questionnaire form was prepared to take into account the children's level and the collected data were processed by this questionnaire. Because the questionnaire was applied to the members of the chorus consisting of children between the ages of 9 and 14, the questions were passed through a preliminary assessment and the difficult questions were rearranged. In addition, an open-ended question has given the opportunity to further evaluate their views. The obtained data were tried to be analyzed by making a content analysis based on qualitative research techniques. As a result of the research, students' opinions about hand signs, rhythm exercises, two-voice exercises and canon exercises were given and it was understood that they find the studies made within the scope of Kodaly Method fun, instructive and useful.

A Group of Disciples in the Depot in Diyarbakir Archeology and Ethnography Museum

Sahure YARİŞ — 2026-07-16

Among the Turkish Handicrafts, metal works which constitute an important group have variety in terms of material, form, container type, technique and ornament. In this diversity, censers have an important place. The meaning of the bureaucratic dictionary means being incinerated or burned in a special container, which is benefited from fragrant smoke, means incense. From the early ages when human beings began to exist, they were used by people from various nations, civilizations and religions as much as the day-to-day life. In this article, four incendiaries collected in the deposit in the Diyarbakir Archeology and Ethnography Museum were brought to the museum. These artifacts without paganism were evaluated in terms of their form and decoration characteristics. 3 censuses 17.-19. YY. In the Ottoman period, one censor was in the 19th century. - dated to the 20th century. These artifacts were made from copper material by casting technique and after the manufacture of cover, fire and base sections separately, they were brought to the market by assembling these parts. Opening, scraping and embossing techniques were used as decoration techniques. Decorated with herbal and geometric motifs. The clowns which have an important place in the art of mines and the decorating elements on them have been tried to be evaluated in terms of iconography and their place in Turkish art and culture has been emphasized. The censuses to be introduced scientifically are handled by reflecting the stylistic characteristics parallel to the development line of Turkish mine art.