https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=353 Turkish Studies - International en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20933 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20933 Halil İbrahim ACAR 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21069 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21069 Sıtkı AKARSU Textbooks used in the training process is required is appropriate to the level of development and to purposes in all directions of target group. As in all disciplines needs to be prepared considering the level of development of all activities and specified songs in the textbooks in music class. In this work tried to be determined the contents of messages emphasized in the words and compliance with developmental levels of students, of event songs in book music lesson5th grade changed music teaching program renewed in 2017. It was studied to detect promise content with affective development, language development, cognitive / conceptual development and voice range, melody properties of songs music lesson 5th grade. In the study method is used document review descriptive content analysis. The notes were removed with their lyrics16 event songs5th grade music course book that compulsory in all middle schools prepared and in the 2017-2018 school year by the Council of Education and Morality, Ministry of Education and has been tried to be examined specified and the level of development within the prepared theme tables. 16 songs was investigated for not in the book the note of a song. In the analysis of the obtained data was evaluated using content analysis. End of study has been identified selected from Turkish music of 10 from 16 works in total, prosody is not a fault in 4 songs but 10 songs low number, in 2 pieces highly prosodic fault. The works is enough in terms of the development of rhythm sensation. 5 songs is a structure that exceeds children's voice range and it has been identified the notes are used F2 and G2 in works. In the words of the songs generally have been processed heroism, work, pain, grief, Atatürk's love, teacher love, unity, peace, homeland love, friendship. Also it has been changed Bb2(segah) note with a natural B sign in track in works written in traditional songs(türkü) form. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20879 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20879 Rahşan Fatma AKGÜL The Ottoman women started to participate in the struggle of proving their identity and social presence during the second constitutional monarchy period. Since the Ottoman state policy noticed that it was necessary to take a step for modernization to protect the integrity of the empire, it supported the development of institutions and organizations to affect social and political life. During this period, political movements intensified that aimed to adopt the western philosophy reflecting the cognizance of new schools, new newspapers and new life in large cities primarily in Istanbul. Young Turkish Party captured the power in 1908 and took important steps for the intellectual and political progress of the middle income group in addition to the modernization of the army. The first steps of the women’s movement coincide with this period, when the modernization awareness started to disperse. Categorization of women with the Islamic perspective and the powerful patriarchal structure of the Ottoman social life caused the path covered in women’s movements to face with numerous obstacles. The investigation discussed the Ottoman women’s movement as a reflection in women’s journals. The researcher, who is a graphics designer, discussed these magazines with their expressions including images that presented especially visual reflections rather than in the dimension of their articles. The women’s movement in the Ottomans was a gender identity battle against sexist policies like in the west and in addition it had differences in terms of modernization of the eastern cultural identity. Therefore, the contents of the women’s magazines that were studied consisted of the ideas to justify women’s rights, and on the other hand, the theme of western women, who wished to become modernized substantially, took place by their men and supported them, and carried out modern life’s conditions, was revealed and discussed. Visual analyses not only encompassed the presentation of feminist expressions but also the modernism comprehension manner of the Ottoman women since women’s magazines reflected modernization and feminism together. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20922 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20922 Esra ALTINTAŞ, Şükrü İLGÜN The aim of research is to reveal misconceptions of teachers of mathematics have by looking into their knowledge concerned with the concepts of height and kurtosis center included in geometry. Revealing misconceptions of teachers who are responsible for gaining attaintments included in middle school lessons of geometry to students is important. Thus, students’ possibility of having of misconception can be removed. Case study from qualitative research models and content anaysis from the approaches of qualitative data analysis were used. The sample of study consists of 30 middle school teachers of mathematics working İn Istanbul and Kars. A diagnostic test regarding geometry consisting of 2 open ended questions was used for gathering data. Elemantary teachers of mathematics were wanted to draw kurtosis center of obtuse angled triangle and heights of a right triangle. By analyzing the answers of teachers, the misconceptions teachers had were categorized and percentage and frequency values were given. The misconceptions teachers had were exemplified by the answers teachers gave to the questions. Also, the teachers having difficulty in answering questions stated their ideas. Consequently, we arrived at a conclusion that teachers had some misconceptions such as “Wrong configuration of how an obtuse triangle can be drawn”, “Application of height drawing in acute triangle to obtuse triangle”, “Wrong configuration of how height in triangle can be drawn”, “Wrong configuration of which height belongs to which base”, “Confusing the terms of barycentre of triangle and height center”, “Not thinking that leg of triangles means to height”, “Not realizing that a height can be drawn from right angled edge”, “The association of euclidean formula with heigt”. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20833 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20833 Kenan ARINÇ Bitlis, located in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, is the administrative center bearing its own name. This city is on a transport corridor connecting the north to the south opened by the Bitlis Stream on the Southeast Taurus Mountains. Therefore, it has been considered as administrative and cultural center of the eastern half of Anatolia throughout history. Following Ahlat, the first Turkish capital, Bitlis is the second capital of Anatolia. These two settlements in question were populated with migrations from both Central Asia and the Mesopotamian Region. Bitlis and Ahlat are mentioned among the cities considered important for the Turkish-Islamic World with their many features. While Ahlat is titled as Kubbet’ül İslâm Bitlis is known asMedreseler Kenti. For this reason, both cities are recognized as centers with the accumulation of a certain culture. Especially Bitlis draws attention as a center where both the Asian food culture and the Mesopotamian food culture meet, mix, and new food types emerges. It has a very important place in Gastronomy with more than 200 types of food even though it is partially forgotten today due to the fact that it is a fast emigrating area. Especially local foods specific to Bitlis such as Büryan Kebabı, Bitlis İçli Köftesi, Tutmaç Aşı, Kari Aşı, Klorik and Çortu Aşı come to the forefront as main dishes of a city of gastronomy. However, because of the fact that gastronomic wealth of Bitlis has not been registered officially until now, some foods specific to Bitlis, such as Büryan Kebabı, have been owned by neighboring cities and even registered to their own names. In that case, legal initiatives for protection of gastronomic wealth should be firstly launched and necessary steps should be taken to involve Bitlis in UNESCO Creative Cities Network and designate as a City of Gastronomy. On the other hand, firstly a substructure should be prepared to meet participation criteria designed by UNESCO and local community is compelled to be educated. Such initiatives, which are very important for regional development, can be achieved only through cooperation between universities and local government. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20906 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20906 Ahmet ATALAY Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the methodological trends of the articles published in Turkish in the field of sports management between 2015 and 2017 (last three years) in university-based physical education and sports science magazines which are open to access in the ULAKBİM (The Turkish National Academic Network and Information Center) national database. Method: This study was conducted with the qualitative research method recently started to be frequently used in social sciences. The study was designed as a case study among the qualitative research designs, and the content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data obtained. Findings: It was not stated which research method and design were used in most of the articles examined. Moreover, no information on sampling methods in the studies was acquired. It was determined in the studies that athletes, trainers, executive ministry and federation employees constituted the sample group. However, no information was provided about which sampling method was used in the determination of these sample groups. It was determined that the questionnaire technique was mostly used to obtain data from these groups. Descriptive and predictive analysis methods were mainly used in the analysis of the data obtained. Conclusion: Especially when compared to other fields, it is observed that studies conducted on sports management remain methodologically weak. It is possible to say that the methodological structures of articles are deficient and insufficient, and research methods and techniques cannot be used effectively. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20973 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20973 Özkan AZİMLİ, Behiye AKACAN The purpose of this study is to examine how secondary school administrators perceive guidance and psychological counseling services. For this reason, the way of thinking about school guidance and psychological counselinfg provided by secondary school administrators, the contribution of guidance and psyhological counseling (RPD) services to school management, the guidance and psychological counseling services applied in scholls and the evaluations of the effects of these services on school and students are discussed. In the 2016 - 2017 acaemic year, the research population is composed of six vocational high schools, a normal high school, a collage middle school and two normal secondary schools in the Gazimağusa district center of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, School principals and manager’s assistants were reached from each school and total of 20 school administrators were interviewed. The data collection tool consists of a semi-structured interview form. The data obtained from interviews were analyzed by content analysis. According to the result of the research, secondary school administrators are aware of the importance of guidance and psychological counseling services and expect to be aware of guidance and psychological counseling services and to use these services more effectively in their schools. In this respect, opinions were reached that the school administration affairs will be alleviated and the school image will be positively affected. According to the results of the interviews, the perspective and expectations of RPD services are divided into two groups as secondary schools and high schools. According to the development periods of the students, the services that the guidance and psychological counseling services are active and inactive vary in schools. School management therefore demands more passive services in schools. The common result is that RPD services are expected to work more effectively and to work effectively to include all student and stakeholders. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20818 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20818 Samet ÇEVİK 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21063 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21063 Mustafa Tolga ÇIRAK The use of element analysis in anthropological studies has been an important development in establishing nutritional and disease relationships. Nutrition of prehistoric societies plays an important role in the search for trace elements in anthropological studies. Whether in ancient times or in the present day, anemia, which people are exposed to, is a discomfort that manifests itself as being below the normal level of hemoglobin and red blood cells. There are different variants of the anemia. However, especially the anemia of iron deficiency is the most exposed type of Anemia. Iron performs the task of transporting oxygen and electrons through hemoglobin in the life cycle of a person. It is inevitable that serious health problems are inadequate. Anemia is seen intensely on the skull, especially on the skull. Anemia also causes the diploid to thicken as a result of increased bone marrow effect in the skull. The Tieion Ancient City is dated to the Byzantine period and porcelain hyperostosis and 1 cribra orbitalia have been detected in 1 out of 80 individuals whose paleodemographic and palaeopathological analysis of the community has resulted. With Cribra it is seen that the diploe thickens in the skulls of the individuals. Elements analysis of these 2 female anemic individuals were carried out and iron, copper, zinc and lead contents were determined. Iron levels in bones of FK - 17 young adult female subjects were found to be 12 ppm. This level is very close to the lowest level, with the iron level in the human bone being within the standard range. The iron level in the FK-48 advanced adult female was calculated as 18 ppm. This is close to the lowest level of normal standards. It can also be confirmed by iron deficiency, as well as porotic hyperostosis, where low iron is caused by anemia. In conclusion, diploe thickening in cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostisis is also accompanied by the physical appearance of the anemia, as well as the presence of iron in the 2 individuals, which is below the average of gender and society. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20892 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20892 Deniz DEMİRARSLAN Indoor outfit culture which was shaped with structures such as couch, alcove and niche in Turkish-Islamic culture get into Westernization/Modernization process in 19th century. Intense political, economic and cultural relations with European countries were also effective in the initiation of this process. After the second half of the 19th century, Western style furniture started to be used instead of fixed indoor outfit which was shaped with the structure first of all in palaces and then in the houses of aristocracy. Use of Western style furniture became common in other sections of society in time. The first Western style furniture production began in the carpenters sections of Yıldız Palace which was named as Tamirhane-i Hümayun (Imperial Repair-shop) and founded by II. Abdulhamid. Carpenters, upholster masters and engravers who were trained in this workshop where Sultan Abdulhamid, as a skilled carpenter himself, also worked and made great effort for its development left the palace after the section was closed and founded their own furniture workshops which resulted in the improvement of furniture production in the final period of Ottoman Empire and first years of Republican Period. Within the scope of this study, the reflections and contributions of development of furniture production in the last period of Ottoman Empire on primarily Tamirhane-i Hümayun and Istanbul School of Industry (Dersaadet Sanayi Mektebi) and on furniture production in cities such as Izmir, Bursa, Diyarbakır, Kastamonu İşkodra, Bosnia and on institutions which give technical education about furniture and furniture production becoming a sector in Republican period. It was aimed that the study would serve as a written resource for other studies in art of Turkish furniture and furniture production. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20886 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20886 İsmail EGE Abstract: Karstik landforms have been used differently by human being at the historic of each quarter. These shapes which are closed tree edge have been used for very long times; house, sanctuary, store etc. Nowadays, these more depth and outlet part limited shapes have been used differently; in terms of named “orbuk”. Orbuk word which is used in the Mersin, Tarsus, Silifke and Partly Adana Regions on the Bolkar Mountains is especially used by nomadic people. Although meaning of Orbuk is reminiscent of Obruk, it has very different meaning of using and constitution. Orbuk word is known all of region people whom they have sustained both transhumance activities in the past-now and settled people. Orbuk is a location which has used to protect and accumulated productions of animal origin which is like cheese, animal fat and curd from hot weather conditions. Orbuk is that may be karstic landforms like as cave, sinkhole, collapse doline or manmade hellhole in the ofiolitic rocks. In here, it has very cold weather condition. Landform is not important. When the hot is 20-25ºC from the outside, it has approximately 1 – 5 ºC hot. In this study purpose aims that to introduce both meaning and distribution of Orbuks on the Bolkar Mountains. Orbuks are interesting in terms of using actually. These areas are not said about orbuks, because there is a lot of production of animal origin. Because of this, all of orbuk is not disclosed on the map. In this study, some orbuks have been discussed to introduce. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20927 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20927 Süleyman ELMACI Abstract The habitation is a way of using a place. Similarly, it is the case that the man-place relationship becomes concrete and occurs. In this sense, it is one of the important subjects that the science field of geography emphazises it while evaluating the man-place relationship. The discussion, evaluation and explanations on this man-place relationship are made through their properties with the classes or varities which are revealed by the criteria that are determined. Ibn Haldun who was born in The Mediterranean Basin which is the occurrence place of the middle age’s many civilizations and who received a well education with the use of different sources in this period’s conditions; had the various duties in civil service in the different cities in the basin and he maintained his life in the far rural areas from them in the certain periods. Ibn Haldun who made a point especially of the trip and observation from the geography’s main review and research methods, who revealed the habitations and their properties and categorized them made this evaluation and explanations in an experimental viewpoint. It increased the academic value of his evaluation and explanations that he analyzed his period and places well. Haldun who illuminated the subject of the habitations’ categorization, which have been considered and discussed today, and the criteria which will be used for it made the explanations which survive today, with the use of close criteria to the criteria that are accepted as a basis of the evaluations today. He determined two different habitations which were connected to two different lifestyle with these evaluation and explanations and he stated their properties. In the research; Haldun’s Introduction about the habitations’ categorization and the criteria was based on, and its evaluation was made, with the use of other studies. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20710 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20710 Nazif Kutay ERDEN This study has been made in order to introduce the concept of modernism, to denote how it is perceived by various disciplines, and finally, to find out what metaphors regarding modernism are used by Turkish language teacher candidates. The study carries importance in its attempt to determine how familiar the teacher candidates are with this concept, as the individuals who are going to raise the future generations, and what they conceive of Modernism, a concept that takes part in several disciplines. The research group of the study consists of 150 teacher candidates who have attended the department of Turkish Language Teaching during the Autumn semester of the 2016-2017 educational year. To collect the data, the students have been asked the question “What is Modernism?” and expected to give a single answer to it; at the second stage, they have been given the statement beginning as “Modernism is like…because….” and expected to fill in the blanks. The research has sought to expose what metaphors they relate to the concept of “modernism,” and under what conceptual categories the metaphors of the teacher candidates can be collected. Within the frame of the anwers provided, the metaphors have been presented under three categories: “metaphors related to contemporary life,” “metaphors that invoke negative emotions,” and “art-related metaphors.” In the second stage, which requires the incomplete sentence to be fulfiled, the metaphors have been charted out under seven categories as follows and analysed accordingly: “Keeping up with the contemporary age,” “Technology,” “Smart Phones,” “Top Model Cars,” “The Non-Traditional,” Women,” and “Wannabe.” 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20723 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20723 Arzu GÜNCÜ, Erkan GÜNEŞ Structural demolitions, natural disasters causing the economic and social loss, death and tragedy, and the traces of disaster create the historical past and heritage of a society or settlement containing sadness and pain. Dark tourism, which includes travels to places where events of death, pain or terrifying events take place in general, includes even these heritage sites. Interest in these dark tourism sites, which transmit emotional and educational messages delivered in various ways such as monuments, museums, commemoration events, is increasing day by day. Accordingly, new centres of attraction are emerging. This study draws attention to an Anatolian city, which has a history of death, suffering, and tragedy with a destructive earthquake but has no tourism infrastructure. Erzincan, which constitutes the study area, is an important example of the city, where an earthquake- of 7.9 magnitudes with the scale of Richter- destroyed almost all the structures on December 27, 1939, more than half of the population died and many tragic events were experienced. In this present study, it was aimed to investigate the monuments, remains and places forming the traces of 1939 disaster and representing death, suffer and tragedy; evaluate the dark tourism potential of Erzincan relevant to these places. In this context, the dark tourism places in the city were determined by archive and document scanning method, and analysed through classifying with the ‘dark tourism typology’ by Seaton (1996). It was determined that the "Forbidden City", "Şüheda Tomb", "Zelzele Monument" and "Earthquake Monument" had a potential in terms of dark tourism in the direction of the findings obtained. With the applications according to the mentioned recommendation, it was concluded that Erzincan could be presented as a place of dark tourism. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20878 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20878 Senem GÜRKAN There have been some changes in the status of women from the first day a human being was created up to now and as a result of this, each society has assigned some different roles to women and men; and these roles have formed gender roles. These social assumptions, which were blended with material and non-material elements of culture, have faced with some changes in time and were transferred to the next generations with no crucial fractions in their main structure. The written and oral literature of society has undertaken a reflective role in the cultural transmission of these culturally rich social perceptions to the next generations. Within this context, literal works are to be seen as important sources in maintaining the status of women in communal living. Karagöz texts, one of the front running and material elements of Turkish culture, builds up the main focus point of this text. The aim of this study is to determine the status of women in the fifteen Karagöz texts compiled by Muhittin Sevilen. Within this context, firstly, some general information about the Turkish Shadow Puppet Theatre will be put forth. Then, a passage to gender stereotypes will be made. Fifteen Karagöz texts will be evaluated within the framework of the status of women and this evaluation will be made by using some categories and sub-categories. As for the methodology, the qualitative methods, document and content analysis, will be applied for data collection. The findings and results of the study will be published in full text. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20882 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20882 Eylem GÜZEL The Ottoman Empire lands were the interest and attraction source for westerners since the 15th century. Almost everything that they saw in these lands was significant to be written or drawn for westerners who came to the Ottoman lands for diplomatic reasons primarily and for trading purposes. The number of artists and scientists, who came to the Ottoman lands along with the diplomats and merchants initially, increased gradually during the 18th and 19th centuries. Istanbul first and Izmir and the Western Anatolia after a short time and primary centers until the four borders of the Empire became the subject of the engravings and itineraries gradually. Manisa is one of the centers drawing interest of explorers. The explorers coming to the city including Edmund D. Chishull, Charles Texier, and Robert Walsh reflected their observations of the city in their itineraries. Furthermore, engravings about the city were made by artists including Cornelis de Bruyn, Thomas Allom, andOuthwaite. Geographical location, socio-cultural and economic situation of the city and description of the architectural structures and drawings in line with these take place in the itineraries generally. In this study with the title ‘Manisa in the Itineraries and Engravings’, the aspects of Manisa city and its architecture reflected in the itineraries and engravings of the western explorers and artists were discussed. In the light of the acquired data, perspectives of the western observers about Manisa city and architectural structuring were revealed. Moreover, the images in the engravings and the current states of the structures were compared, and their applications, which did not survive until today or went through changes, were determined. Hence, our historical-cultural values that vanished in Manisa and its environs like in any point of Turkey were determined and it was aimed to contribute to the clarification of the applications today. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20792 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20792 Mustafa İNCE, Mevlut Can KOÇAK The journey of Turkey’s EU membership negotiations has been continuing for more than 50 years. The negotiations which sometimes speed up, sometimes slow down, and sometimes come to a halt have never reached the desired levels. This zigzag in negotiations has been evaluated differently by the public, and this instability and obscurity have caused discussions. Especially due to the stance of the European countries towards Turkey lately, the EU membership of Turkey is a hot debate in the public debates. The membership of Turkey has various meanings in different categories of the public. By the way, the opinions of the young people towards Turkey’s membership and negotiations have private place in the debates. In this study, a field research was carried out at Selçuk University to determine the opinions of the students towards EU. The population of the research are the faculties and the high schools in the Alaeddin Keykubat Campus of Selçuk Universty. According to the research, more than 55% of the participants support Turkey’s membership to EU. Almost half of the participants think that Turkey will never be accepted as a member of the EU. The study is important for the determination of the young people's point of view to the EU 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21032 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21032 Salih KALAYCI, Ayhan ÖZTÜRK , Mehmet Akif GÜNDÜZ Notably, unfair income distribution becomes a big issue by so many groups of individuals in the World. In this respect, the mentioned subject is too significant for both developed and developing countries. The unfair income distribution can be happened in international dimension or within individuals. In this work, panel data analysis is implemented from the period 2004 to 2014 and Northern European and Latin American countries are compared in terms of income inequality in macro view. For that reason, GDP, unemployment and inflation are determined as independent variable and income inequality is determined as dependent variable. In this context, the gap between Latin American and Northern European countries in terms of income inequality is founded a lot and according to research result of both inflation and unemployment affect income inequality in Latin American countries remarkably rather than northern European countries. The obtained empirical findings can be interpreted as the social justice is not ensured in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru and Paraguay due to insufficient economic growth and unfair income distribution. Unfair income distribution is accelerated owing to implementing errorneous politics. On the other hands, the health system, equality of opportunity and appropriate management policy provides a better standards of living for Scandinavian citizens. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21058 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21058 Mustafa KAYHAN 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20846 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20846 Ayşe KÜÇÜK YILMAZ, Haşim KAFALI , Hilal Tuğçe BAL Anadolu University is the only university in the world operating an international airport of its own. With this concept, Research carried out within the scope of the Hasan Polatkan Airport operated by Anadolu University are based on the idea of “Using public resources with higher capacity for public benefit”. Thanks to this study, it is aimed to present new emerging optimum market to airlines. It will be new alternative with full opportunities in view of place, facilities, security level, city based advantages, supports of Anadolu University. The assessment and selection of the applicability of the developed interconnected flight model for sustainability has been dealt with as a multi-criteria decision problem, in which there are factors that are difficult to quantify and the optimizing of various stakeholders in the aviation sector is a necessary objective. In the construction of network models, specific criteria have been considered and the analysis have been based on BOCR criteria, which are defined as benefit, opportunity, cost and risk criteria based on the Analytical Network Process method, because of the relationship and interaction between the criteria. As a result of evaluation of the flight network scenarios, it is figured out that the best alternative is Eskişehir-İstanbul-Cologne (AOE-IST-CLG). 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20907 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20907 Özlem ÖRDEM This study examined the child in the Turkish novel of the Republican period in the context of Turkish Modernization. In this study, the presentation and analysis of the conceptions of certain types concerning the emergence, definition, position and role of the child in this period were discussed with a historical synthesis and analysis in sociological terms. In this historical process, Turkish modernization, especially in the Republican period, has started a social transformation movement by penetrating all areas of society. The innovation movement that began in many areas felt its influence as westernization in almost all institutions of education, family, religion, economy and political scene. The study involved 23 novels, and the conceptual analysis of these novels was done and classified thematically. In the article, the study of the children's characters studied in the novels was established on the basis of the modernization of the building of the social networks in which the family and other existed. The point of this study is how the child's social change is placed. In this framework, the history of children and chronologically childhood, and the conditions under which they emerged, were integrated, evaluated, and analyzed in terms of how children's concepts were constructed in novels. Child conceptualizations emerged in different categories in this period. During the Republican era, we see street, martyr and village children in socialist realistic novels. In conclusion, the changes in childhood conceptualization are related to the evaluations made on the basis of periods and it can be said that the child has a positive process in the frame of modernization together with all historical problems in the way of being subject. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21021 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21021 Orkun Burak ÖZTÜRK, İdris TURNA One of the important branches of maritime trade is yacting related to marine tourism activities.Turkey which is located in the Eastern Mediterranean is an important point of the world tourism, has become a frequently traveled destination together with Aegean and Mediterranean coastline within the context of yachting.Yachts and marinas carry significant risks with regards to security of national borders in the scope of illegal activities such as terorism, smuggling. The aim of the study is to determine the security levels of 13 marinas operating in the Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean regions and to determine whether they have a vulnerability for national security. In this context the concept of marina and security are explained generally, informed in the sense of International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS) that involved essential security units of maritime transportation sector. In the research section of our study, open-ended questions were asked to marina directors by means of a face-to-face interview about the security situation of marinas. Consequently it concluded that ISPS CODE and security precautions such as inbound-outbound controls and vessel stowaway search procedures are not implemented and and have been found to be a security vulnerability in terms of a lot of fields. Accordingly at the end of the the study, some suggestions have tried to find out related security issues of marinas. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21097 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21097 Adem POLAT Necip Fazıl Kısakürek is a craftsman who can clearly define his personal idea in Turkish thought and poetry. One of the greatest influences on Necip Fazıl, the individual mind transformation of the living, is the Western thought reaction that he has the ability to recognize closely. In terms of Turkish thought, 19th and 20th centuries, Necip Fazıl is also thought-provoking in terms of the fact that existing conditions coincide with a time period in which Western-originated appropriations are made. In another respect, Nacip Fazıl is a man who resists in the literary-political context of Western-originated ideas. However, the effect of Westernization on the thought of our life is possible to be treated as a 'fear' over the poet. This article attempts to evaluate the mystical-metaphysical character of Necip Fazıl's poetry in a western sense of 'fear'. In this context, Necip Fazıl's 'i' phenomenon is considered as a form of resistance that is shaped by the dimension of reaction in the language of poetry towards fear beyond an eccentric sensation; it is seen that the poet has shaped the attitude of the West from the mind and the attitude against the ideas coming from the art. It is also one of the primary areas of interrogation, in terms of the meaning and metaphors, how often the feelings of side by side are in the name of the poet. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21082 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21082 İsmail POLATCAN, Atalay GACAR , Zeki COŞKUNER , Ahmet YIKILMAZ In this research, job satisfaction levels that are important regording staff and organization performance was investigated regording individual demographic characteristics (gender, age, educational status, job experience and position). In the purpose of this research is to investigate the job satisfaction levels of employees of Youth Services and Sports Provincial Directorates in Eastern Anatolia Region in terms of demographic characteristics. In the Research partıcıpated in 71 women and 151 men. Personal Information Form was used during the research to learn about the personal information of participants. Other than that, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was used for the determination of job satisfaction levels of the participants. In Research was used as a data collection tool the " Minnesota Questıonnaıre”developed Weiss, Davis, England ve Lofguist (1967) and developed by Baycan (1985) is a validity and reliability study in our country. Due to the reason that the data had not been collected from normal distribution, Mann Whitney U Test was used to analyze whether the job satisfaction levels vary according to the gender or not. All data with age, job experience, position and educational status was analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis H Test. Male employees were found to have higher satisfaction compared to female employees according to the variable of gender. The employees in the 40-50 age group were found to have the highest satisfaction level according to the variable of age and the individuals in the group of 18-28 and over were found to have the lowest satisfaction level. According to educational status, it is determined that undergraduate and graduate employees have the lowest job satisfaction. According to years of service and experience variables, it was observed that those in the 0-4 age range had the lowest job satisfaction and those with the highest age were 51 and above. As a result of the analysis, the general satisfaction level of the employees in the Youth Services and Sports Provincial Directorates was found to be at a high level. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21110 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21110 Shalala RAMAZANOVA, Ersin ÇETİNKAYA L. N. Tolstoi who deeply influenced both Russian and World Literature with his literary works made tremendous impact also with the doctrine he put forward during his lifetime (1828-1910). The writer receives many negative and positive reviews and Tolstoi’s writings are made use of by some writers and critics for their own ideologies and life views. Especially, the great author’s ideas about not standing up to evil becomes the most focused subject. Tolstoi writes his works without being attached to any group or party. Therefore, he intrepidly expresses his ideas on the social, political, economic etc. events at that time in Russia. Tolstoi places emphasis first on human, the pure love human beings feel for themselves and morality. This is why to Tolstoi no doctrine, religion, philosophical view did not correspond to these qualities he adopted within himself. Naturally, the author composed his own world view by grounding on the ideas mentioned above. While creating his own world view, he receives many positive and negative evaluations during the period. L. N. Tolstoy is a respected writer in literature. But he can not show this success that the subject has been given in literature when he comes to other areas of interest. In this study, the great author’s doctrine from the point of view of the Russian critics as well as his literary identity will be investigated. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20758 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20758 Adem SAĞIR, Zeynep AKTAŞ With the globalization, terms like risk society, fear culture, trust phenomenon became well known situations in sociology literature that studied on frequently. All of these terms represents the changes in the traditional perception due to modern age and their after effects on the process of humanity. Technological developments and globalization with the values that they brought,transformed both humans and societies and made them face risks or fears. In this context, it is noted that countries and power centers rebuilt humans and identities based on fears and formed meanings on global fears. It is possible to list these fears identifying with health, economy, culture. It is also possible to exemplify these fears in global flu for health, global poverty for economy and 9/11 terrorist attack and us vs world mapping mentality that it created for culture. Ecologic fears like global warming, more on a macro level, is also used as oppression device on societies. All these events needs to be analyzed not only in their specific fields but also on a sociological scheme. The usage techniques of mass media, undoubtedly, are quite important and worth to take notice. The study will be prepared in two stages that are based on risk and fear culture stemmed from the globalization. In the first part of the study, risk and fears, their reflections on society and global level fear and risk sources will be assessed in sociological view. Fears about health, economy and cultural aspects will be taken into consideration. Global disease cases and attitudes and reflections that they caused in fears about health; global poverty and the effects that these discussions created in fears about economy; Syrian refugees and the discussions they caused in cultural fears are stated in the center of all three aspect. The ultimate aim of the study is to present social effects that fears caused in a global risk world, under the imagery of “tired societies”. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20960 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20960 Sabahattin SARI, Adnan Doğan BULDUR This study has been carried out in the region including Karaman province center and Hadim (Konya) district center. Karaman (1023 m) is located in the northern foothills of the Central Taurus, and Hadim (1552 m) is located on the Taşeli Plateau. The lowest (extreme) temperature of Hadim, which has an altitude that is 529 m higher than that of Karaman, was -19.6°C; while lower than this values in Karaman were repeated 36 times in 5 different months (November-March). This study aims to determine the reasons for the abnormal difference in Karaman and Hadim's extreme minimum temperature values and frequencies. During the study, data from both meteorological stations between 1980 and 2011 have been taken into consideration. In the analysis and calculations, SPSS 23 and Office 2010; and in plotting Mapinfo 11 and Global Mapper 18 programs were used. The average of climate elements characterizes the general climate type in a region. However, air events that occur during critical times are so large that they can not be neglected. For this reason, besides the averages in climate studies, it is also important to take into account short-term but significant events such as maximum and minimum values and frosty days, cold and warm air fluctuations, storms, hoses and torrents must. Extreme minimum temperatures occur during the periods that extremely cold air masses from Siberia become effective in Turkey. Karaman's topography leads cooling down caused by the ground (thermal inversion) on one hand, and descending of the cooled air (mechanical inversion) on the other hand, by slowing down the movements of the air. In addition, the fragmented terrain around Hadim makes the air relatively more motile and prevents the formation of extremely low temperatures. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20798 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20798 İbrahim SEZER, Ünsal BEKDEMİR Protected areas like natural parks can be utilized for ecotourism and recreational activities in recent years. When the practice area is a natural park then ecotourism activities and recreational activities should to be performed more carefully. In this context, ecotourism and recreational activities can be developed on the basis of opening some parts of the protected areas for interest of nature friendly people in a controlled way by minimizing environmental effects. In the city of Giresun, located in the Eastern Black Sea Region, there are natural parks which attract attention with their natural beauties, ecotourism and recreational activities. In this sense, Kuzalan Waterfall Natural Park is a natural environment to be evaluated. The natural park is located within the boundaries of the Dereli district of Giresun city having natural resource potential at the national park level. The natural park attracts attention with mainly its Kuzalan Waterfall and travertine and waterfalls, headwaters sprinkle ferrous and sulfuric water, travertine caves, spruce, beech, fir and boxwood trees and forest, rich flora and fauna and historic mills. In addition, there are interesting examples of Black Sea Region rural life culture in nearby Kuzalan neighborhood and Alancık village settlement and Kulakkaya plateau. Therefore, evaluation of Natural Park is possible and recreational activities and ecotourism activities (trekking, hiking, photo safari, wildlife observance, botanical tourism, sportive fishing, landscape watching, and camping and caravan tourism) can be performed by paying attention to the protection-use balance and complying with sustainability principle. It may be possible to spread the awareness of protection of nature in this region, diversifying tourism activities and making important contributions to the regional economy by carefully gaining such natural sites to ecotourism. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21102 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21102 Can ŞAHİN In the 19th century, the new system of thought and perception reality which were shaped by scinence and technique caused significant changes in art and literature. As a reflection of the realism and naturalism movements were born in art and literature. Naturalism is an art movement which was emerged in France in 19th century. In the 19th century, when the scientific studies became important in the Ottoman Empire, the movements of romance lift its place to the movements of Realism and Naturalism. Naturalist tried to combine art with positive sciences; and applied experiment and observation method to the literature. Émile Zola has guided Turkish Literature with her works and ideas in the movement of naturalism. During this period, translations from Émile Zola had increased in number. The first traces of this movement in Turkish Literature are seen in Nabizade Nazım who was the Tanzimat period artist. In the novels preface and newspaper articles were written by Nabizade Nazım, he stated his commitment on naturalism movement and gave detailed information on this movement. In this sense, Nabizade Nazım is the first writer who introduce Émile Zola to Turkish readers and applied naturalists techniques to his literary works. Nabizade Nazım has claimed to write an experimental novel. We tried to reveal the influence of Émile Zola in Nabizade Nazım’s novel preface and newspaper articles. In this study, a series of question will be search for answers such as how naturalism was perceived by Nabizade Nazım, which techniques were taken, which phases were passed from theory to the practice. In this study, the thing we really want to focus on that in the Nabizade Nazım’s perception of art and artist what is the impact and contribution of naturalism and Émile Zola; what extent Nabizade Nazım understands Émile Zola and naturalism movement. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20926 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20926 Cemile TEKİN 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21128 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21128 Sevilay USLU DİVANOĞLU Marketing is expanding its scope and boundaries day by day to include social, political, environmental and public spaces with the economic dimension including commercial products and services. This adds a social and political character to the marketing as well as commercial character. These qualities of marketing are discussed and studied with different aspects in different studies. Political parties and political candidates have had to make use of marketing science to differentiate from their opponents, to win new voters, to ensure party dependence in the electorate. Elections, one of the indispensable elements of politics, are the most important turning points in democratic life. In election campaigns, effective use of marketing mix members will affect voters' voting preferences, party and candidate differences and voter dependence positively. The transformations occurred in the political arena and voters in recent years such as mass media and developments in technology, change of electorate loyalty, changing the ideological stance and attitudes of the parties, increasing the number of conscious voters and changing the factors affecting voting behavior require political parties and political candidates to pursue different strategies and policies. Political parties and parliamentary candidates have had to give new emphasis to attract attention to the target group in order to easily adapt to these changes in voter behavior and not to be indifferent to these changes. This study compares political candidates' use of political marketing mix in their election campaigns and their vote rates and it assesses the effectiveness of political marketing mix elements used by parliamentarians and how they are used in the 3 November 2002 general parliamentary elections. By drawing attention to what needs to be done to implement effective political communication, it presents some contributions and suggestions related to the results obtained from practice and theory. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20939 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20939 Nuray YILDIRIM This study aims at analyzying the attitude of faculty members towards female administrators at universities. It was designed as a scanning based study. The participants are 100 faculty members at Kocatepe University whose deans or vice deans are females. The data of the study were collected through the administration of the “scale of attitudes towards female administrators”, which was developed by Aycan, Bayazit, Berkman and Boratav (2011). The scale covers 27 items which are designed as 7 point Likert type scale. In order to establish the construct validity of the scale the DFA was used and found that the scale, as the original one, has three factors. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale is found to be .94. the analyses showed that the data are normally distributed in all factors. In order to see whether or not gender has a significant effect on the attitudes towards female administrators t-test was employed. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the effects of the faculty where the participants worked, title and professional experience on the attitudes towards female administrators. The findings showed that the participants generally had positive attitudes towards the female administrators at the university. The particpants’ attitudes towards female university administrators were much higher on the dimension of “professional ethics” and much less on the dimension of “professional role behaviours”. On the other hand, female participants had much higher levels of positive attitudes towards female university administrators regarding the dimension of “professional role behaviours”. They also had much higher levels of positive attitudes towards female university administrators regarding the dimensions of “relational role behaviours” and “professional ethics”. However, concerning these two dimensions the difference between female and male participants was found not to be statistically significant. The faculty where the participants worked, title and professional experience were all found no significant effect on the attitudes of the participants towards female administrators. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21035 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21035 Emine YILMAZ BOLAT In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of knowledge and opinions of preschool teachers about the Integrated Family Support Education Guide (OBADER) in Preschool Education. It is thought that the data obtained will contribute to the more effective use of OBADER and to support family participation studies. This study is a qualitative study used in determining the knowledge levels and opinions about preschool teachers' OBADER by taking maximum diversity sampling model from objective sampling methods. In this study, a screening model was used from descriptive research methods. In this study, the opinions of 8 preschool teachers and 8 preschool teachers working in independent preschool were evaluated. The form prepared by the researcher in the direction of expert opinions and containing various open-ended questions about OBADER was collected and distributed to the teachers by the researcher. The obtained data were evaluated by descriptive analysis and content analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that the pre-school teachers did not know OBADER's name, mostly informed about the contents, and did not use OBADER enough. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21085 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21085 Mehmet Gökhan GENEL, Serkan ÖZTÜRK , Tahsin Eren SAYAR The media has been used as an important source of power by political powers in many periods of history. Media organizations that play a direct role in many policies that countries produce have often been viewed as a threat by other countries, and as a result various sanctions have become applicable.The decision taken by many Arab Union countries, particularly Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, to close the Qatar-based Al Jazeera channel in their embargo on Qatar in June, attracted great attention in this context. In this study, the role of the media in controlling the media as a pressure tool and the role of the media in the international relations are examined in this study by using document analysis method and content analysis method. Al Jazeera, BBC, CNN International, Deutsche Welle, Ahram Online, TRT World, Jerusalem Post, Arabia samples. As a result of the study, it has come to the conclusion that governments have increased their audits of media organizations when international relations are considered. However, it has been understood that the media organizations, the castle of freedom of expression, should be highly unfavorable to defend the interests of their countries, especially when national interests are taken into consideration. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21167 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=21167 Yusuf Barbaros ÜNLÜ, Rabia ÜNLÜ Behavioral psychopathological disorders such as abnormal thinking and manierism are generally observed in individuals suffering from schizophrenia. Also with the negative and positive symptoms of the disease such as hallucinations, skepticism, blunted affect or becoming superficial, stereotypical thinking, delusions and behavioral disorders, the patient loses his or her touch with reality, and mental and behavioral disorders occur. Schizophrenia is a type of disease that continues for a lifetime after it acts up but it can be kept under control as long as the necessary treatments are regularly administered. Community-based rehabilitation service is given in Community Mental Health Centers by Turkish Republic Ministry of Health in order to reintroduce patients with such illnesses as schizophrenia, bipolar disease and atypical psychosis to the society, to provide regular treatment and to give clinical and psycho-social support. As part of this community service, skill training is given in phonetic, rhythmical and plastic arts according to the interests and skills of patients to prevent the isolation of patients from the society and to rehabilitate them. This study was carried out on patients with diagnosed schizophrenia who regularly attend to various Art and Design trainings given within the context of Occupational Therapy in the Community Mental Health Center of İ. Şevki ATASAĞUN State Hospital of Nevşehir Provincial Directorate of Health. This study was made in 2016 to research the effects of the usage of art education with therapeutic purpose on patients. 2026-07-16