https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=339 Turkish Studies - International en 2024-08-29 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20471 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20471 Kamil AKBAYIR In this study, the effect of cooperative learning method and traditional teaching method on the cluster subject in high school 9th grade and the effects of student success on the persistence levels of the students were examined. The research using the experimental method with pretest-posttest control group was conducted on 57 students selected from Mesut ÖZATA Anatolian High School in Van province in the first semester of 2015-2016 academic year. The groups were divided into two groups as experiment and control group by chance method to control the experimental situation. The experimental group consisted of 35 students and the control group consisted of 22 students. For the experiment group, the lessons were processed by group research method of Cooperative Learning Method. Purpose of the study; Group research methods from collaborative learning techniques and the effects of traditional learning methods on achievement motivation and student evaluations in the 9th class cluster. In the study, 20 multiple choice questions were used as a measurement tool. This test was applied as a pre-test and post-test to students who participated in my study and was reapplied as a retention test two months after the end of the same test. The generated problems are polled with the t test to look for answers. As a result of the evaluation, there was no significant difference between the students in the control group in which the traditional teaching method was applied and the students in the experimental group in which the cooperative learning method was applied in the success test. There was no significant difference in favor of the control group in the later retention test. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20533 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20533 Gülnur AYDIN The development of writing skills in language teaching occurs later than other skills. On the basis of this are the form-focused teacher approaches and the fact that students do not like to create standard texts that are bound to rules through fixed words, away from creativity. Moving from brain research, the clustering technique, which supports the creative functions of the right brain apart from the conventional text forming of left brain, can provide important contributions to the development of writing skills. This research was carried out in order to determine the effect of Cluster technique on the invention, planning and narration skills in written expressions of university first grade students taking Turkish I: Written Expression course. Experimental design with control group based on pre-test and post-test measurements was used in the research. The experimental group of the study consisted of 45 students who study in the Preschool Teacher Department of Atatürk University Kâzım Karabekir Education Faculty and the control group consisted of 48 students in the Psychological Counseling and Guidance Department. As a data collection tool, The "Composition Evaluation Scale" developed by Konedralı and Özder (2007) and composed of materials measuring invention, planning and expression skills was used at the beginning and end of the experimental process for both groups. The SPSS program was used for the statistical analysis of the obtained data; It has been found that there is a significant difference in favor of the test group in terms of invention, planning and expression ability among the groups which are initially similar to each other in the result of the study. At the end of the research, the results of similar studies were also compared and various suggestions were made in this direction. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20517 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20517 Bilge BAĞCI AYRANCI, Fahri TEMİZYÜREK Language training, speaking, writing, listening and reading skills with in the framework of grammar rules and within a whole human being is a process which aims to save. Language training and cultural transmission, sketch. The language passed down from generation to generation and the ability to transfer information from person to person transfer of this indispensable means that a bridge. Language, that language is learned in the climate of human material and spiritual heritage of language and culture that creates a carrier comes into. Each language contains culture from past to present and also the letter of the rules of the nation to which it belongs, the Word carries in the in literature. Turkish language teaching as a foreign language when looking at this from the perspective of our nation as the language of Science World Science and the use of wide spread Turkish Turkish is the language of science on behalf of support progress toward the teaching of Turkish as a foreign language. In this regard the views of prospective teachers, representatives of this profession that shapes the future of the future is that it is important in terms of thoughts. In the name of science of Turkish language teaching of Turkish as a foreign language as a common use of prospective teachers awareness about, thoughts, suggestions will be working with. Scope of the study, students of the Faculty of education was created from which sample Bozok University interview data are taken and paraphrased. Study calls method used and taken feedback from 32 undergraduate students. 7 answers to participants With interview form is themed, and according to this data, recommendations that will contribute to the work area. The spread and promotion of Turkish to foreigners was done good for contribution on Turkish for science language will be among the results reached. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20484 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20484 Ferdi BAHADIR, Murat TUNCER The general aim of this research is to evaluate of prospective teachers in terms of their self-efficacy of scientific research and their teaching attitudes. Within this context, it was reviewed whether the opinions devoted to both dependent variables show a significant difference or not in terms of sex, class, age and department. that, it was tried to determine at which level and which direction there is correlation between self-efficacy of scientific research and teaching attitudes with relational analyses. The research was carried out according to relational screening method. The research sample was formed from Erzincan University Faculty of Education. A significant difference was found between the opinions of the teacher candidates in the Method, Conclusion and discussion, Suggestion and reference development subscales according to test result in which the scientific research self-efficacy scale was compared according to the division in which education was studied. According to the results of the independent groups t test of the teaching attitudes scale compared to the sex, the difference in opinion level in favor of female teacher candidates was determined in terms of Love, Value, Adaptation subscales and all. it was seen that there were positive correlations at various levels between self-efficacy of scientific research competencies and teaching attitudes. According to the results of the research, the subscales of the PDR department's scientific research self-efficacy scale and all the averages are low. It is recommended that the reason for this low average be investigated. One of the noteworthy findings in the field writing in the sense of attitude toward the teaching profession and in this research is that the priority situation which is related to the attitude towards the teaching profession is love. For this reason, an arrangement should be made that the persons who will prefer the teaching profession are made up of those who love this profession. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20436 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20436 Mine BAYAR, Ahmet ÜSTÜN The purpose of this study is to investigate elementary school teachers’ emotions, attitudes, and concerns about inclusive education in terms of different variables such as gender, age, education level, having education on inclusive education, and experience on inclusive education. The sample group of this study consists of 512 teachers who have been working at the Directorate of National Education in Amasya in 2015-2016 academic years. The participants have been randomly selected. This study has been conducted by screening model. The data has been collected by survey technique. In order to collect data, the researchers have used The Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns about Inclusive Education Scale Revised (SACIE-R). This scale has two subdivisions. First one is about Personal Information Form and second one includes some statements about teachers’ emotions, attitudes, and concerns about inclusive education. All collected data has been analyzed by SPSS 20.0 program. According to that, the researchers have come to know that there is no any relationship between teachers’ emotions, attitudes, and concerns about inclusive education and gender variable. Furthermore, it is found that there is a significant relationship between teachers’ emotions about inclusive education and age. Teachers’ emotions and concerns about inclusive education change according to their education level. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between teachers’ concerns and attitudes about inclusive education and getting special education. Finally, the researchers have found that there is a significant relationship between teachers’ emotions, concerns, and attitudes on inclusive education and experience. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20516 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20516 Ramazan CANSOY, Hanifi PARLAR The purpose of restructuring schools as professional learning communities (PLCs) is to make instruction more effective and maximise student learning through administrators' and teachers' implementing better practices based on a support culture. In this respect, teachers identify student learning by focusing on analyses and assessments on students' performance. They make plans regarding what and how to teach, and try to enhance the quality of learning by preparing action plan for students who cannot learn at the desired rate and level. They attempt to reveal successful learning products, and organise activities for students who learn quickly and sufficiently. In schools that have an emphasis on the understanding of a professional learning community, the focus is on student learning that is the technical essence of the school, and instructing is emphasised less. This is because instructing is about making students comprehend certain pieces of information, while learning makes references to their individual, emotional, cognitive and behavioural characteristics. In other words, a student is regarded as special in learning. From this perspective, the practices of professional learning communities aim to have a school environment in which all students can learn and succeed, and includes activities of improvement and development. In this way, they ensure higher quality of education. In this study, positive contributions of the restructuring of schools as professional learning communities to student learning and the quality of education are found to increase the interest in this issue. Different characteristics of schools as professional learning communities are observed to be widely examined in the international literature. However, in the Turkish literature, studies on professional learning communities are quite new, and this phenomenon need to be examined from different aspects. Therefore, the present study focuses on the conceptual framework, basic assumptions, theoretical foundations, objectives, dimensions and samples of professional learning communities, and provides suggestions regarding its implementation in Turkish schools 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20406 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20406 Özlem ÇELİK The objective of this study is to examine the opinions of experts who have researched the sexuality of individuals with mental disabilities. For this research, three experts (sexual consultant, sexual pedagogue and pedagogue) who have worked in Germany and Austria for 10 to 35 years have been chosen for the sexual life of individuals with mental disabilities. This study was designed as a qualitative research. The semi-structured interview technique was used. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive analysis technique. The findings suggest that the sexuality of mentally disabled individuals is a taboo today and these individuals are not allowed to live their sexuality as they wish.It has also been pointed out that mentally disabled individuals do not receive adequate support for sexual education, that these individuals are not very informed about their bodies and that they are unable to recognize their bodies due to their cognitive development. It’s also observed that mentally disabled individuals’ desire to have children is rejected by their families and educational support staff. Findings from this study are expected to contribute to academicians who will research the sexuality of mentally disabled individuals or potentially to the preparation of a sexual education program. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20560 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20560 Gökçe DİŞLEN DAĞGÖL, Duygu İŞPINAR AKÇAYOĞLU As an indispensable part of learning process, beliefs can shape learners’ decisions, learning strategies, and lifelong learning tendencies. Given the importance of beliefs in learning a foreign language, this study aims at specifying beliefs of students about learning English as a foreign language in tertiary context in Turkey. More specifically, the study bears the purpose of finding out the similarities and differences between English-major and non-English major students’ language learning beliefs. The participants were 170 university students enrolled in Adana Science and Technology University and Çukurova University. Students in Translation and Interpreting Studies and English Language Teaching departments constituted English-major students in this study. As to non-English major students, they were from various departments and attended prep classes in Adana Science and Technology University. The data were gathered through the BALLI (Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory) and an open-ended questionnaire developed by the researchers. Based on mixed type research method, all data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The data collected from the BALLI questionnaire were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0 version for Windows), and the quantitative data were analyzed using content analysis method. The study makes the beliefs of students in different departments explicit and shows their approaches to language, thus providing implications for both students and instructors at university level. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20454 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20454 Mustafa DURMUŞÇELEBİ Universities are the institutions founded to raise new generations who think, question, explore and direct the future of the world. Just like in all other levels of schools, instructors are one of the main components of the success at universities. Therefore, all the instructors at universities are supposed to be vision holder, farsighted, modern, questioner and creative persons. Only by this way they will be able to raise generations who can cope with the necessities of the contemporary age. Along with these qualifications, all the instructors should bear basic teaching knowledge and experiences that any teacher should bear. The aim of this study is to reveal the opinions of students about competence of their instructors, working in different faculties and high schools in Erciyes University. The sample of this descriptive research consists of 1438 students studying at different faculties of Erciyes University. The data of the research was collected with the ‘Instructors’ Competence Scale’ which was designed by the researcher himself. According to the sub problems of the research, frequencies and percentages and mean values were used in order to identify instructor competences, T-test and ANOVA were used in order to analyze the differences of students’ opinions according to the independent variables and poc-host test was used in order to find the source of differences between groups. In this research the teaching competence of instructors was compared with another study carried out by the researcher 20 years ago. At the end of this study it is understood that instructors rarely showed effective teaching behaviors. This result shows parallelism with the result of the study carried out by the researcher in 1996 and the results of other researches on this field. However, it is clearly seen on many studies that the instructors believed that they were very competent teachers. Effective teaching behavior frequencies of instructors differ according to the gender of students, the department they study in and their academic success. Taking the results of this research into account we can say that it is necessary to rehandle instructor training programs and to design more competent programs within the concept of teaching competence. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20345 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20345 Esen ERSOY, İrem YILDIZ , Erdem SÜLEYMANOĞLU Mathematical reasoning consists of creating mathematical estimations, developing and evaluating mathematical arguments. It also includes abilities of presenting mathematical information in various ways (NCTM, 1989). Besides, the mathematical reasoning abilities of the children who belong to the primary education level are stated by NCTM. The aim of this study is to search the reasoning abilities of 5th graders which can be considered as one of the vital skills and the numeracy skills. The research of this study was conducted in a Middle School located in Giresun, within the first semester of 2015-2016 school year. 28 5th graders were included in this research. This study is a case study from the qualitative research patterns. In this study four multiple-choice questions were elected from Problem Solving Test developed by Özsoy (2007) and they were used as open ended problems. For these four open ended questions each group was given one-hour lesson in order to solve these questions and it is applied by researchers. The students were expected to explane their solutions, thought and their answers related to the process for each of the questions. The acquired information was analyzed with the “4-Point Rating Scale'” developed by Marzano (2000) and provided validity and reliability. Every problem was evaluated by its own step. This evaluation was conducted by two researchers and the percentage of agreement of each step was calculated. The acquired finds show that students have difficulty in reasoning substeps like “ Deciding the accuracy of solution way, Solving nonroutine problems, Developing logical discussion related to the solution, Generalazing, Determining and Adopting the suitable reasoning” Marzano (2000). 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20505 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20505 H. Gözde ERTÜRK KARA Aim of this study is to examine the factors that affect children’s behavior problems and present the relationships between children’s behavior problems, social skills and teacher child relationship. Correlational research method was preferred for this study. Study group consisted of 53, 36-48 months of age children who studied at early childhood education centers in Kayseri in 2015-2016 education year. Convenient sampling method was preferred to choose the participants. Personal Information Form, Student Teacher Relationship Scale, Preschool Behavior Questionnaire and Preschool Social Skills Assessment Scale were used to collect the data. Descriptive analyses, t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analyses and standard multiple linear regression analyses were preferred to analyses the data. Results of the study showed that children had low behavior problems. Boys had more behavior problems regarding being hyperactivity and careless than girls had. Children’s whose mothers and fathers had low education level, had more behavior problems regarding being aggressive. Number of siblings, family in come and teachers experience had no significant effect on children’s behavior problems. It was seen that behavior problems, social skills and teacher child relationships have a relationship significantly. It was presented that conflict between teacher and children and social skills have together a predictor of children’s behavior problems. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20446 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20446 Birkan KARGI Both in literary and pedagogical works, antropomorphism and animism are frequently used to make a behaviour or idea more effective. At first sight, this may seem natural since the will is good and it serves the formation of good and required behaviour and ideas in human beings. However, if we approach the situation from criticism point of view, the problem is during their learning process, the animals in the literary Works are deprived of their naturalism that vwill affect their ealistic reception and reflect the values inherent to human beings. At first, two drawbacks can be seen; first, animals which are parts of the natural habitat and presented as a concept of purpose. It is obvious that this goal blocks the transition to causal thought which science targets for. Because students are conditioned before being aware of seeing the nature through humanitarian aspects. Secondly, in teaching humanistic values, an attitude based on causality leads learners to concreteness and assist them pass into abstract operations. Yet, it seems that humanizing the nature or, its being explained through humanitarian language blocks this process. In this article, works orkserman Literature dealing with animals have been catogorized according to their narrative functions and examined in terms of pedagogical aspect. Works that have been written to handle animals as aesthetic and artistic elements have generally been produced in modernism as well as in the Middle Age, Age of Illumination and Romantic period. Formerly, animal figures, through the compulsory roles which include the negative attitudes of human beings, have shown all the negativeness trhus serving the positiveness to become concrete and they have also become mediators to reflect the individual and social criticisms in ongoing literary processes. The educational image of this mentally change traces its transformation from being conditioned to being constructed. Consequently, it has been demonstrated that using these Works in education should be carried out according to the principoles of educational councelling or guidance as it may be difficult to transfer to the abstract processing stage and and thus the need of forming awarerness in this respect arises. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20506 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20506 Nurcan KELEŞ, Brian HAND The purpose of the study was to explore and explain the questioning types affecting teachers’ implementation levels of the Argument-Based Inquiry to distinguish the patterns of elementary science classroom. The implementation of argument based teaching method was based on the Science Writing Heuristic Approach as it is an immersive argument based inquiry method. The grounded theory qualitative design was used in this study to show the patterns in questioning types of teachers from different implementation levels. The classroom levels were determined with the Reformed Based Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP). According to results of RTOP, teachers’ implementation levels were assessed in three levels. Among these classes, three teachers’ classrooms were examined one each from the low, the medium, and the high level of the implantations. The results indicated that teachers used different amount of questioning types in each level of class. While the amount of descriptive questions was used in the most in the lower level classes, the amount of argumentative questions was placed in the most in high level class. The questions’ orientations also differed according to implementation levels. The study showed that using more comprehensive questions initiated the argumentation in the classroom and teachers should also use multiple type of questions to enable other students to ask each other questions to start and continue the argumentation in the classes. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20452 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20452 Adnan OFLAZ The aim of this study is to determine, in developing vocabulary knowledge, the effects of “Emotional Stimulus” on students’ vocabulary knowledge, permanence of words, and on the use of memory and cognitive strategies. Upon the observation of the study that students are insufficient in vocabulary learning process, a model is offered to contribute to the fulfilment of this need. In the practice process of the study, the operation in “Amygdala”,which is a part of limbic system and responsible for emotional supervision and reactions, and in “Hippocampus”, which has a keyrole in the formation of long-term memory, was taken into account. By forming high emotional stimuli, it was tried to send the words to the long-term memory and to provide the permanence of the word by repetition technique. In this study, the pre-test, post-test experimental model with control and experimental groups were used as a research design. In the study, 300 words are tried to be taught by practices throughout seven weeks. Pre-test, post-test, permanence tests, listening tests and language acquisition strategies questionnaire are used as data collection tools. Word permanence rates of the collected data were set in 7-day, 1-month and 2-month periodic intervals. The results obtained from research findings are: According to German-Turkish identification and listening tests and Turkish-German identification test that were applied 30 days after the end of practices and to “German-Turkish Vocabulary Permanence Test” that was applied at 60th day after the practices, it was found that there is a reasonable difference on behalf of experimental group students when compared with the control group and that they learn more words than control group students and remember and use these words at high rates. According to the results of the analysis it has been founded, the students in the experimental group remembered 4.64 times more words (x= 237 words) than the control group students on the 30th day and 5.20 times more words (x= 224 words) on the 60th day after the vocabulary teaching. The usage rate of “Memory” and “Cognitive” strategies that experimental group students apply at intermediate levels improved to a higher level after the practices. Emotional stimulus technique positively affected the German vocabulary acquisition levels of experimental group students, developed the permanence and recall rates of learnt words, and also developed students’ memory and cognitive strategies usage in vocabulary learning. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20405 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20405 Elif Gamze ÖZCAN, Şefika Şule ERÇETİN This study was produced from the same named doctoral dissertation. In this study, it is discussed that the concept symbiosis which is defined as the interactions between two different biological species in biology discipline can be used as a tool to understand the relationships between formal organizations which are social subsystems. This study focuses on the schools which have great social importance among formal organizations. The way these schools and the organizations they interact with are affected by this symbiosis has dynamism and complexity and it is very important in all aspects. Symbiotic relationship with an organization can create both benefit and harm for the school, which is valid for the other side. With this study, Inter-Organizational Symbiosis Scale has been developed in order to analyze and interpret this complex symbiotic relationship for the schools. The secondary schools existing in central districts of Eskisehir are the target population of the study. By year of 2016, this population includes 56 high schools in 7 types. Total number of 67 participants was reached and the reliability and validity of the measurements were ensured with the analysis carried out. Data was processed and evaluated in SPSS program using appropriate analysis for nonparametric samples. When the findings obtained from the processing of data coming from both optional and open-ended questions are considered as a whole, the result is that high schools get benefit and harm from the organizations they have symbiosis with. These relationships aren’t generally unilateral and they aren’t simple enough to be discussed within the context of cause and effect relationship. Because it has been understood that some symbiotic relationships stop the schools from making the moves which they use executive activities for and may be for the benefit of the schools. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20483 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20483 İlknur ÖZPINAR, Selahattin ARSLAN As possibly one of the most important purposes of the mathematics education is to raise autonomous students who can convey their thoughts and reasoning within the social context, mathematical communication skill which is an inseparable part of mathematics and mathematics education has a place in mathematics curricula. When considering the importance of mathematical communication both in the school life and daily life, it is apparently required to help improve these skills of students’. Teachers play a key role in achieving this objective. Hence, this study aims to examine teachers’ opinions on mathematical communication skills and development and indicators of this skill. Using the case study method, the research was conducted with 15 secondary school mathematics teachers through semi-structured interviews. The data obtained were analyzed with the content analysis method. It was observed in the study that the teachers can regard mathematics as a language, think that they should use the mathematical language efficiently and properly in the first place so students can acquire the mathematical communication skills; majority of them care about the development of this skill and arrange the learning settings in accordance with this skill; and the teachers prefer the written examination the most for assessing students’ progress in their mathematical communication skills. It was also discovered what the teachers emphasize the most is understanding the given mathematical expression (definitions, terms, operations, symbols, etc.) among the subskills which are the indicators of mathematical communication skills and that they accentuate understanding the symbols, explaining the symbols in written and orally and using the symbols properly. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20444 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20444 Yusuf ÖZDEMİR, Kasım KIROĞLU Reading comprehension is one of the important skills that an individual must possess. This skill is an integral part of the individual’s life, an important determinant of the his/her academic success. It is observed that students who attend any school grades (e.g. from elementary to university) have difficulties in reading comprehension. In today’s information age, reading for getting information is one of the necessary behaviors. Today we have more chance to reach the informative texts compared to the past. As a result, it is required to make more research in order to understand these texts. The aim of this research is to carry out a teaching strategy that will help students to understand the informative texts, and enable them to check their understanding process. For this purpose, it is tried to revealed that the effect of “think before reading, think while reading, think after reading-TWA” teaching strategy, which is coordinated according to self regulated strategy development model, on reading comprehension skills of students. In the research pre test-post test quasi-experimental design is used. The research was conducted in 2015-2016 academic year in Bafra district of Samsun province. The sample of the research consisted of 68 students who were 32 students in experiment group, 36 students in control group. The instruction of informative texts were done in the experimental group with TWA strategy and in the control group with Turkish Language Teaching Program. In practice, 12 sessions were held and each sessions consisted of two hours. “Demographic Information Form”, “Reading Comprehension Test in Informative Texts” and “Main Idea Determination Test in Informative Texts” which were developed by researchers were used as data collection tool in the research. In the analysis of the data, Shapiro Wilk test to determine normal distribution, t-test to compare normal distribution groups, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to compare groups without normal distribution were used. Also, covariance analysis was used to compare the post test scores of the groups in the main idea test. In the research, it was found that teaching 3D strategy significantly increased the mean score of the experiment group, but did not make a significant difference when compared to the control group. Another finding in the research is that the 3D strategy significantly improves the mean score of the main idea determination. These findings show that 3D strategy instruction is not effective in increasing the level of reading comprehension, but is effective in increasing the level of main idea determination. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20480 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20480 Suat POLAT, Ünsal BEKDEMİR The purpose of this study is to determine the opinions of social studies of teachers candidates about light pollution. This research is designed by using qualitative research method. In the research, case studies that is one of the qualitative research methods is used. Case study is a kind of research that offers a rich perspective on analyzing the learning, learning and management implications of what educators and students have gained through experiences they have gained. Maximum diversity one of the purpose sampling methods sampling was used. A totally 60 students from 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades were included in the Social Studies Teaching Department of Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University Faculty of Education. A semi-structured interview form consisting of 6 open-ended questions developed by researchers was used to collect the data. After the questions that take place in the interview form were prepared, expert opinion was consulted. After the expert opinion was received, the questions were revised and piloted on 20 teacher candidates. Pilot application form was prepared and presented again to expert opinion. After receiving the feedback from the experts, the final form was given to the interview form and applied in the spring semester of 2016-2017 academic year. In the analysis of the data, a descriptive analysis method was used. As a result of the study, it was determined that social science teacher candidates generally have information about light pollution but having this information is not enough for some of them. Social Studies Teacher candidates have shown that pollution damages living and non-living assets in general and that light pollution is among pollution types. Excessive use of light among the causes of light pollution, lights overflowing from houses and buildings, and prospective teachers showing the absence of correct light use, have indicated that light pollution causes significant negative effects on both humans and the living and nonliving environment. Teacher candidates have expressed the opinion that people need to be conscious in order to reduce the effects of light pollution. It is remarkable that some teacher candidates should not have knowledge in this regard. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20416 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20416 Gülşah SEVER The purpose of this research is to determine the perceptions of proffessional musicians and music students on sub-skills of musical performance. Phenomenology had been used as qualitative research approaches. In the direction of the releated literatüre, musical skills, technical-instrumental skills, study- learning skills, presentation- stage skills and life skills releated to performance were established. An electronic form consisting of open- ended questions had been prepared to get musicians’ opinions on each title. Musicians were asked to list the skills, behaviors, situations and activities under the relevant titles. Responses given by musicians were analyzed by using the Maxquda 10 qualitative analysis program and the themes were created. For the validity and reliability study of the themes, the data set was shared with two field experts to review the codes and themes. In line with expert opinions, the analysis had been finalized. As a result of the analysis, musical skills was classified ad basic and upper level skills. In technical- instrumental skills, spesific techniques of the instrument, physical skills, speed, intonation, theoretical knowlegde, musicality, exercises and instrumental care skills had emerged. The collecitive playing skills had been examined under the heading of factors affecting group Dynamics, i 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20490 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20490 Yusuf SOYLU, Sinan AYAN , Melih Nuri SALMAN Awareness of emotional intelligence is seen as one of the impressive roles of the athlete in displaying his personal skills. Emotional intelligence is an important intelligence type for acquiring a place in the person's life. The ability of the person to recognize himself / herself, to communicate with the living things around him / her and to be able to notice emotions for the emergence. It is an important point for the sportsmen to own, be announced, be able to be recognized and directed. Emotional intelligence holds an important place at this point. This study was carried out in order to determine the emotional intelligence level of young athletes in elite teams aged 16-21. The sample of the study was 382 (n: 382 boys) young football players playing in the teams of Adana FC, Gaziantep FC, Gençlerbirliği FC, Kayseri FC, Konya FC and Ottoman FC U 21, U 19, U 17 and U 16 teams in the Turkish Super League. Schutte Scale of Emotional Intelligence test was used in this study. Data analysis was used SPSS 21 statistics software program. As a result of the study, there were significant difference in the emotional intelligence levels of young Footballers joined in this research, type of undergraduate school, educational level of father and place of residence. There were no difference in the emotional intelligence levels of young soccer players joined in this research, in terms of year of play and educational level of mother. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20466 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20466 Gülten ŞENDUR, Mustafa TOPRAK Cognitive structures offer an opportunity to assess what learners know with respect to a particular area of knowledge. It is therefore important to identify the cognitive structures that may also influence the structuring of new knowledge and examine how these change with instruction. This study used the word association test to reveal the cognitive structures of 11th grade students in the context of the basic concepts taught in the unit on chemical equilibrium and to understand how these changed after the instruction. In line with this goal, a study was conducted with 30 students enrolled in the 11th grade of a secondary school in the city of Izmir. In collecting data for the study, an association test consisting of ten stimulus words was implemented before and after the instruction. The stimulus words used in the test were, "equilibrium", "catalyzer", "endothermic reaction", "exothermic reaction", "pressure", "molar concentration", "reversible reaction", "maximum disorder", "rate of forward reaction" and "rate of reverse reaction". In the analysis, responses for each stimulus word is counted, a frequencies table is prepared, and mind maps with different cut-off points were drawn up. The results of the study showed that students were most likely to associate the concept of equilibrium with physical equilibrium in their mind maps before the instruction, responding with words such as "weighing scale" or "balance". At the same time, it was found that the stimulus words "maximum disorder" and "reverse reaction" did not appear in their mind maps and that the responses given to the other concept stimuli revealed very few associations between them before the instruction. Following the instruction however, the students were able to associate the concept of equilibrium with chemical equilibrium; all the stimulus words on the mental map were defined and it was seen that the students were able to form substantially more associations between the stimulus words. These findings show that the cognitive structures of the 11th grade students with respect to "chemical equilibrium" changed positively after the instruction. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20496 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20496 Ufuk TÖMAN, Sabiha ODABAŞI ÇİMER The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the development of reflective thinking during the evaluation of the teaching process, while helping pre-service teachers teach and develop reflective thinking. This research has been designed in the form of an action research because of the nature of the situation studied. Participants of the study were 32 pre-service teachers who were educated in Bayburt University Bayburt Faculty of Education Department of Elementary Science Science Teacher Education. In this research, video recordings, semi-structured interview, self-evaluation form and reflective diaries were used as data collection tools. Qualitative data obtained in the research were analyzed using content analysis. The data obtained show that the development of reflective thinking skills for evaluating the teaching process of pre-service teachers. However, it has been seen that reflective thinking studies have contributed to the professional development of pre-service teachers participating in these studies to evaluate a course. Pre-service teachers have been shown to have a level of reflection on the technical field at the beginning of the work process to improve reflective thinking and to apply it in the progressive stages and to reflect critically on the field. In this context, pre-service teachers have reached the conclusion that they have achieved professional development in evaluating a lesson in the course of evaluating the teaching process. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20424 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20424 Özlem ULU KALIN, Selcen ÇALIK UZUN The process of education is conducted by teachers with the guidance of education programs. As teachers bear the responsibility of a generation –not just the students that they teach in classrooms- the concept of ‘teacher’ is accepted to be sacred. Metaphors are used in this study in order to reveal the thoughts of students and reach their sincere feelings. Metaphor is stating a concept or phenomena by using likening. In this respect, the goal of this study is to determine the metaphors created by Anatolian High School and Anatolian Teacher Training High School students about the concept of ‘teacher’ and determine the changes of metaphors made by students in Anatolian Teacher Training High School in years. Reachable sampling of the research is made of 155 Anatolian High School students and 244 Anatolian Teacher Training High School students. The study is designed with phenomenological method, which is one of the qualitative research methods. Metaphors obtained from two high school types are classified and interpreted by making content analysis. According to research findings, Anatolian High school 9th grade students created 41 valid metaphors while Anatolian Teacher Training High School 9th grade students created 31 valid metaphors. Anatolian High school 12th grade students created 44 valid metaphors while Anatolian Teacher Training High School 12th grade students created 38 valid metaphors. These metaphors are analyzed in terms of their common features and classified under 5 conceptual categories. At the end of the research, it is determined that metaphors developed by Anatolian High school students and Anatolian Teacher Training High School students are similar; on the other hand, it is also found that metaphors developed by Anatolian Teacher Training High school 9th and 12th grade students are similar. It is determined that courses about the profession of teaching in Anatolian Teacher Training High school don’t cause any difference in students’ point of view about the concept of this profession . 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20510 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20510 Azize UMMANEL, Tanju GÜRKAN The Preschool Education Program renewed with the contributions of the Ministry of National Education in 2013 prioritizes participation of mainstreaming students in daily activities. Furthermore, universities’ teacher training programs include special education courses and provide education on how to include mainstreaming students in the activities along with other children. The purpose of this study is to determine preschool teacher candidates’ opinions on some concepts regarding special education. A hundred students who are studying preschool teaching participated in this qualitative study. Participants were asked questions about their opinions on some concepts regarding special education; working with children with special needs and about mainstreaming applications in their schools that they are practising teaching. Results show that the participants have right and similar knowledge of the concepts of mainstreaming, talented and gifted children, and wrong knowledge of the concept of special needs. For the participants, the most difficult special need group to work with is intellectually-disabled children and the easiest group is the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In accordance with the results of this study it is recommended to increase the number of special education courses in the preschool teaching undergraduate programs, include application courses for mainstreaming in universities and contribute to the literature with more extensive studies. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20423 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20423 Dalım Çiğdem ÜNAL, Nurcihan SÖNMEZ GENÇ This article deals with the topic of the use and acceptance of drama-teaching methods in teaching of German as a foreign language. He is also concerned with the question of how Turkish pupils evaluate their own stand in drama-pedagogy and what reasons lie behind their self-assessment. The empirical study took place at an Anadolu school in Ankara. For this purpose, three teaching units for the drama-educational development of German-language texts were prepared and implemented. The survey on "Dramatic Methods in DaF Teaching - A Study on the Self-Assessment of Turkish Students" was conducted in 2014-2015 in the form of a questionnaire, and 85 German teachers who attended the tenth grade participated in the survey. The quantitative data obtained for self-assessment estimates show that the majority of the tasks were well managed by respondents. The results of the qualitative content analysis indicate that the respondents consider the use of drama-teaching methods to be very positive, that they can learn with fun and better understand the content of the lesson. Especially in the warm-up phase they are motivated by the simplicity of the entry. It was also found that learner-critical statements are made against the drama-educational work. According to the interviewees, there are problems and disturbances in the classroom if many unknown words occur and they notice that they can not cope with the learning activity. Particularly in the phase of the main work, many respondents are overwhelmed if their knowledge of German is not sufficient for the task. In addition to insufficient knowledge of German, the incompetence for improvisation, incorrect pronunciation and intonation are given as reasons for poor performance and for non-success. The interviewees react particularly critically, if they do not understand the text content or the task so well and can not exactly perceive the meaning and purpose of the task. Looking at the results, it is concluded that the respondents in general rate the use of drama teaching methods as positive and desirable. They consider drama teaching techniques as an aid to better learning German. According to the respondents, the drama teaching methods are particularly suited to holistic learning, effectively promoting the pronunciation and training the pronunciation. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20409 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20409 Nermin YAZICI In this article, the quality of the questions which are used in Turkish Language and Literature course has been tried to be evaluated within the framework of contemporary teaching approaches. There are two main purposes / directions in the use of questions in educational environments: Asking questions based on teaching (as a teaching method) and asking questions based on measurement (for measuring, evaluating). In addition to these two basic dimentions, questions may used for different purposes. This study focuses on the questions which are used in the course process as a teaching method in Turkish language and literature education. As mentioned in 2015 Turkish Language and Instruction program, Turkish Language and literature course is text-centered. Within the scope of this course, reading-comprehension activities conducted through different text types (text- comprehension, critical reading) mostly carried out with quesntions. In this study, the questions which are used for texts; It has been attempted to determine the qualities that enable functionalization in the development of high-level cognitive skills by being transformed into effective and meaningful learning tools. The questions seem to exhibit this function when the students mediate the generation of knowledge (the influence of production) and are arranged to expand the textual information out of the text. Questions; It would be appropriate to give more limited questions to the whole of the text, especially when it is the goal of expanded information teaching, which opens out of the text. In this framework, examples of limited practice are given with reference to two teaching materials; Emphasizing the importance of evaluating the texts for the achievements of the course and emphasizing that the material and the questions should be structured according to the course processing process in providing the guidance of the teacher. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20460 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20460 Ömer YILAYAZ, Ömer Faruk BOZAN This research has been developed for the purpose of identiying students’ acquisition’s realization level in secondary school 7th grade ‘human and ecology’ unit in science and technology curriculum. Research was applied on an 7th grade students of a secondary school in the center of Kahta,which is a county in Adıyaman. Sampling,178 students joined this search from the school in the center of the county. Firstly 30 questions has been prepared which are suitable for the ‘human and technology’ unit by the researcher and applied to the 8th grade students who learned this unit a year before. According to the answers given by students matrix of items score was prepared and item’s difficulty index and discriminative power of each item has been calculated. Five items whose difficulty index and discriminative power love,have been eliminated from the test and question number has been decreased to 25. Also while doing the elimination, an expert’s opinion has been taken. After that,this 25 questions along with the personal information and manner scale about environment science, applied to the 7th grade students as a pre-test before the unit has been learned and as a post test after the unit has beeen learned. The post test was applied three weeks after the pre-test. Additionally for searching whether there is a meaningful difference between the post test’s and pre-test’s success,according to the gender of students,the educational statue of their parents,how frequent their parents help students about their lesson subjects,how much they use the internet for their lesson per a week,whether they have their own room or not,their science and technology, marks in their school report in previous term,the frequency of their watching documentary per a week,number of their siblings,the period they play computer games per a week,the frequency of their reading magazines about science;is analysed by using t- test,one way variant analysis(ANOVA),Independent Sample T- test,analysis techniques,and for the statistical data SPSS-15 ready package program. Besides while comparising among the groups Tukey test has been used. Research indications are interpreted according to the 0,05 of meaningfullness level. The avarage of the correct answers in the pre and post tests and students attitude to the lesson, help of the parents for the their study, their fathers’ education statue and marks on their school reports’ effect on the success, meaningfull difference has been found. On the other hand,it can be understood that; their gender, mothers’ education statue, frequency of their watching documentary, frequency of following the magazines on science, their internet usage per a week, the time used for the pc games per week and number of siblings’ affects on the students’ success and there is a meaningfull difference observed. Furthermore; students’ time used for watching documentary per a week and their marks on the school reports has a meaningful difference on their attitude to the lesson. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20410 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20410 Tercan YILDIRIM, Fatih YAZICI From the perspective of history teaching, it is widely accepted that history teachers have to know the subjects they are teaching. As a matter of fact, even some apparently small deficiencies in subject matter knowledge negatively affect the quality of learning and cause just a superficial understanding of the subjects being taught. Despite the importance of subject matter knowledge for history teaching, the Turkish literature in this matter contains no study dealing with history teachers’ competence in subject matter knowledge. The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used for measuring in-service and pre-service history teachers’ perceived competence in subject matter knowledge. Scale of Perceived Competence in History as a Subject Matter (SPCHSM) consisting of 21 items and 4 dimensions was administered to 305 pre-service history teachers, and the obtained data were subjected to validity and reliability analysis. According to the results of the explanatory factor analysis, SPCHSM explains 62.51% of the total variance. They also indicate that the factor loadings of 21 items in SPCHSM vary from .43 to .84. The factor structure of SPCHSM was tested through confirmatory factor analysis. The obtained results confirmed the 4-factor structure. The fit indices acquired are as follows: RMSEA = .058, GFI = .90, CFI = .98, NFI = .96, RFI = .96, AGFI = .87, IFI = .98, and NNFI = .98. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of internal consistency of the scale was found to be .92. The dimensions of the scale were seen to be correlated with each other and the total scale score. All these results indicate that SPCHSM is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used for measuring history teachers’ perceived competency in their field. 2024-08-29