https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=337 Turkish Studies - International en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20442 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20442 Yaşar BAYTAL After the Second World War, the United States of America that came out without much wear from the war took over from England, France and Germany which played a decisive role in the active foreign policy of the West. The only force that could oppose the United States of America was the Soviet Union. The cold war between these two forces turned into a hot battle after a while. The hot battlefields were the Middle East, which with important oil deposits and hinterland countries. After a while, the hot clash of the Cold War brought a direct impact on Turkey. Turkey’s foreign policy, especially in the Middle East geography, wants to revive its historical and cultural presence with the Democratic Party’s power. Despite Turkey's historical and cultural ties to this region, he did not have successful politics because of the dominance of the Arabic element and the fact that he was the stranger to this element for a long time. As a result, Turkey has been influenced in many ways, such as the global system and the conflicts between countries. In this case, Turkey had to play an active role in the region and had to stay away from the vortices of internal problems and conflicts of the region. During the 1950s, Turkey adopted a national policy to evaluate events in the Middle East in terms of NATO. Turkey did not fully understand the nationalist tendencies that have taken place in the Arab states and the demands for independent policy monitoring during this period. Turkey regarded every initiative in the Middle East as a penetration of the USSR into the Middle East. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20298 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20298 Kaya Tuncer ÇAĞLAYAN Because of a heavy defat suffered by the Greek Army at the hands of The Turkish Army, the National Struggle Movement came to new stage. After September 10, 1922, the Turkish Armies’ target was the Turkish Straits and İstanbul, so the British and her allies. Following the Bolshevik Revolution, the plans of partition agreements of the United Kingdom, France and Italy regarding Ottoman Empire fell apart. Since the British Government was pursuing İstanbul as her part, French and Italian Governments left Britain alone with the Turkish Army in Çanakkale. The British Government, on the one hand, engaged defense preparations with its limited military forces, on the other hand sought new allies, colonies and Balkan States. Yet, when it failed, the British Government was found itself communicating with Mustafa Kemal Pasha described himself earlier as a adventurer. This period from 10th to 30th September 1922, was called as “Çanak Crisis” since Britain was confronted by the Turkish Army and her allies left her alone. During the crisis, although Cabinet members had differences of opinion, the United Kingdom showed decisiveness to defend Çanakkale and the Dardanelles in the event of a Turkish attack. As a result of mentioned decisiveness, comprehensive analyses were prepared. With planning possible defence movements, troops were sent to area. At the end, Mustafa Kemal Pasha’s approval of an armistice invitation within the frame of Paris memorandum on condition that Istanbul, the Dardanelles, Bosphorus and East Thrace would be belong the Turks. With signing of the Armistice of Mudania, George Lloyd’s political career was coming to end. Britain's military status, the results of the defense strategy and applications in and around Çanakkale will be explained in this article in the light of the British documents. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20276 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20276 Merve KARAÇAY TÜRKAL Wallachia and Moldavia which also called “memleketeyn” came under the rule of the Ottoman State between the end of 14th century and the early of 15th century. Wallachia and Moldavia which were independent in the region beforehand, came under the rule of the Ottoman government by paying land taxes and became privileged principalities. Ottoman State which didn’t interfere in those religious, political and social structures, put into power the voivodes selected from noble families in the region. Ottoman State began to apoint the executives picked from Romans who live in the Fener district of Istanbul by adopting a new strategy because they occasionally made attemps to seperate from Ottomans and become an ally of some European states. The said administiration system lasted from 1711 to 1821. This article will analyze the manuscript named “Eflak Incidence” which its author is not known. It is told Moldavia’s Mihal Bey’s struggle together with Constantine Ypsilantis who was sent from Istanbul to help Moldavia’s Bey against the enemy because Austria and Hungary forces held Wallachia’s Bey captive and tried to capture Moldavia’s Bey in the work. The manuscript is a significant work since it contains an incident which wasn’t told in Ottoman history books and enlighten history of the period. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20530 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20530 Nevzat KELEŞ Buyids, were of Daylamite origine and shi‘ite, de facto begun to reign over Baghdad, the centre of the Sunnī Islāmic World since 945. In terms of balance of political power and denominational, its consequences represent a very difficult period as well as in Abbasid Caliphate and the Buyids history. In this sense, the political, social, economic and military situation in Baghdad became more fragile. Especially in the context of internal security, the Shi‘ite-Sunnī conflict and Deylamite-Turk tension in Baghdad have been the biggest problem that maintained its existence and influence throughout the ruling of Buyid. Apart from these, in spite of being other problems point of view city security, the problem that we can consider as the third big poblem are the troubles caused by ayyārs, shātirs, dā‘irs and thieves. Ayyārs and shātirs who was emphasized to having represented common peoples, although was associated with followers of futuwwa (fityān) at different times and regions, and likewise dā‘irs and thieves who was accepted commoners have been on the books with their negative behaviors during Buyids period. As a matter of fact, there are recorded their revolts and caused loot, extortion, murder, theft, fire and so on numerous criminal activity and illegal acts in that time. This article will focus on ayyārs, shātirs, dā‘irs and thieves activity which lead to the death of many people and made difficult both political and social and economic life in Baghdad under ruling of Buyids. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20317 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20317 Özgül KÜÇÜKASLAN The Tarama Sözlüğü, compiled from the 227 books written between 13th and 19th centuries, is a historically important sourcebook that presents genuine Turkish proverbs along with their attestations. Published in two series with 12 volumes, the Tarama Sözlüğü is a product of 42 years spanning from 1935 to 1977. Since the publishing of its first volume, the Tarama Sözlüğü has not only filled the gap in the realm of Turkology but also has been utilized by both local and foreign scholars as a perpetual sourcebook and has become a masterpiece that has attracted numerous lovers of ancient texts. In the present study, it is aimed to derive the words related to animals, husbandry, and veterinary medicine from all volumes of the Tarama Sözlüğü, in an attempt to create a lexical compilation from these words. A total of 1003 words were elicited. Of these, 350 (34.89%) were related to animals, 129 (12.86%) to anatomical terms, 117 (11.66%) to stockbreeding, 114 (11.36%) to animal diseases, 54 (5.38%) to animal reproduction, 44 (4.38%) to drugs, treatment, and practices, 36 (3.58%) to food of animal origin, 35 (3.48%) to animal products, 21 (2.09%) to hunting, and 103 (10.26%) to other terms. Moreover, a total of 118 relevant idioms were also educed. As a result it can be said that this thesaurus encompasses a rich vocabulary in the realm of animals, husbandry and veterinary medicine and this study is a well-compiled sourcebook convenient for the researchers of this field. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20172 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20172 Hadiye YILMAZ History of Turkish press has been through several phases since the publishing of the first newspaper in 1831 to this day. The period after the proclamation of the Republic in 1923 is one of these phases. In the foundation phase of a new state, there were also actions and changes in the press. In this phase, one of the milestones directly and deeply affecting the world of press, without doubt, is the Alphabet Reform on November 1, 1928. For this reason, the documentation of newspapers and magazines which were published in the former alphabet right before the transformation to new letters and any kind of data related to these form a significant information cycle in terms of historiography of the Turkish press. In this study, in the first phase of the Republic (Turkey), information such as local newspapers and magazines, their owners and therefore property relations, editorial staff, average editions, types of newspapers and magazines, printing houses, and cities where there were no periodicals in 1927, was accessed via a primary source like governmental yearbook. By this way, the atmosphere of the media sector in Turkey in the eve of transformation to the new alphabet has been presented. The main data obtained as a result of the research are; the number of newspaper-magazines and printing houses is low. The center of the press is İstanbul with an unequal distribution throughout the country. Circulation is low. The media usually obeys the political power by means of several channels. Male dominance is obvious. Most of the publications come from pre-republican era, which means the Ottoman heritage largely remains. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20395 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20395 Kürşat KOÇAK 2026-07-16