https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=321 Turkish Studies-Educational Sciences en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, ANKARA</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19899 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19899 Nevide AKPINAR DELLAL, Seher TURAN Intercultural communication is inevitable in a world where i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19854 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19854 Mehmet Ali ÇELİK, Çiğdem ÜNAL Wetlands have a great importance for its containing biological 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19861 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19861 Asım ÇOBAN, Duran AYDINÖZÜ One of the natural richnesses of Turkey with geomorphological structures are the waterfalls. in Turkey.Today the target areas of the tourism is changing and the interest to the natural and cultural sites besides sea-sand-sun has been increasing. In such a case, it is important to introduce our natural and cultural sources to the world of tourism in order to get the expected financial benefit. Furthermore, it is a responsibility to include these natural beauties to the literature as Turkey has not succeeded it yet. The research area, the Ilıca waterfall, is situated in Ilıca village near Pınarbaşı town of Kastamonu.The distance of the waterfall from Pınarbaşı town is 11 kms and from Kastamonu, it is 91 kms. The waterfall starts at the steep slides of the Horma canyon and pours its water into the large natural lake with a 10 meters deep and its surroundings are covered with rich moistrious forest formation. The area where the Ilıca waterfall is situated is near the Küre mountains national Park and the area has also other natural tourism spots with different values such as the Valla canyon, the Çatak canyon, the Horma canyon and the Ilgarini cave. Moreover, the presence of the Küre mountains natural park in the area gives an adventage to the area for the different tourism activities. The Ilıca waterfall welcomes the guests coming from the nearby towns and it provides a building with 56 beds and it has 14 bongolow type wooden houses. We believe that it appeals a great number of visitors when its infro- structure finishes and it becomes a target of ecotourism when it is introduced to the public with Valla canyon, Horma canyon, Çatak canyon and Ilgarini cave. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19888 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19888 Mehmet DENİZ Tourism is one of the sectors is increasingly having importance in economic activities. Especially, currency inflowing to Turkey through international tourism plays an important role at narrow the foreign trade deficit. In addition to this, domestic tourism activities have become significant source of income on the touristic areas. It can be seen that tourism as a dominant economical activity exceeds other economical acitivities such as agriculture and industry in many touristic areas in Turkey. However it is not possible to say that tourism has not developed in all regions in Turkey. Uşak province, the subject of the study, has also similar case. Because of insufficient promotion and investment in the province, satisfying income can not be obtained from tourism. Uşak has various alternative touristic acitivites such as ecotourism, rural tourism, agricultural tourism, religous and adventure tourism. One of the tourism types can be developed and invested recently is health tourism in the Uşak. Nowadays, many guest benefit from the thermal springs at Kayaağıl village in Uşak central district and these thermal sources contribute to the regional economy. As thermal tourism is developing in rural area nowadays, it has become a chance for Uşak in terms of decreasing of migration from rural to urban area. As data collection instruments, semi-structured interviews were conducted to reveal these conditions. During the research 21 different local residents were interviewed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19972 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19972 Feyzan GÖHER VURAL, Serenat İSTANBULLU Turkish Folk Songs (Türkü) lyrics contain several facts from the society where they belong. Türkü lyrics may contain personal emotions such as love, reproach, compliment, jealousy, sadness, social events such as war, abstract concepts such as immigration, clothes, geographical names. And that is why türkü lyrics fall within field of study of many disciplines. Several scientists such as musicologists, folklorists, sociologists, historians study türkü lyrics for various terms and themes. One field of türkü lyrics attracting attention is the expressions reminding sex. Theme of sex addressed in several art products from past up to present is seen frequently in türkü lyrics. Although gender culture hosts physiological properties, it is also a fact containing sociological and social criteria. Having effects on several social products, this culture is also reflected in türkü lyrics. Sex reminding lyrics of türküs are sometimes in form of mocking narrations while sometimes hidden in some motives and sometimes are referred directly. This study studies the frequency of such theme in türkü lyrics, distribution of türküs having sex reminding lyrics on regional basis and way of expressing sexual terms. The study also aims to study rate of sex theme in türküs composed by women and men, the difference in way of expressions as well as distribution of such case on regional basis. In this framework 2030 türküs selected at random from seven geographical regions of Turkey have been studied. It has been tried to have equal number of türküs per each region. Upon study of 2030 türküs, the lyrics clearly reminding sex were determined and were interpreted on basis of typical samples from regions. The way of expression by man and woman in türküs is studied in respect to the said theme. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19820 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19820 Hatice KARAKUŞ ÖZTÜRK Can a baby, product of a powerful emotion like love, be mentioned with an emotion like hate? Here is one of the important thoughts written by the authors interested in the subject: some expressions mentioned in lullabies, plays or tales are not so innocent or have not such emotional contents. Winnicot’s “Hate in the Countertransference” is one of the attempts to justify this thought. According to the author, if she cannot hate her baby in a proper manner depending on what happened after pregnancy, maternity and postpartum periods, there is no other way for her from failing to stand against the masochism. The pregnancy and post pregnancy are a beginning of an era for woman. The woman, who completes the adolescence period, experiences the change of role by taking the place of the woman who gave birth to herself. On the other hand, it is a renunciation from being the last generation. This period is also the rare periods where the woman experiences the confidential meeting with herself. This is a period when the anxiety, conflict, fear and concerns make her mind confused at most. The body changing with the pregnancy belongs to the fetus not to her any more. The revival of pre-motherhood periods is a matter in terms of woman. The woman experiences the change of role in every respect. Her changing body will serve for a new duty. The motherhood outweighs in motherhood/ femaleness dilemma but her mind strives to adopt this new role. On the other hand, a life like priestess starts for woman. The woman may feel the need to return to her love life and put some distance between her baby and herself within the process. We can say depending on the sum of all these experiences that the load of woman is not just the load in her belly. Finally, the sum of these changes will form a basis for the emotional overflows in the woman. Hate, not containing any harmful things, is a feeling to conserve the relation. It is a reflection of intimacy rather than withdrawal. In this sense, mother should be able to hate her baby in a proper manner. Lullabies, plays and tales come mother’s rescue to help her accept reciprocal emotions (love-hate) she has within the relation. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19870 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19870 Taner KILIÇ, Zafer BAŞKAYA The Sakarya River and its tributaries has created a rugged topography in the high plateau areas through the province of Bilecik. The rugged topography, together with the restriction of arable land in Bilecik from past to present, has led to the growing importance of livestock activities. Within the village, especially of small ruminants herds is difficult to be contained in, the animals would do more harm to vegetable and fruit areas within the village and in the immediate vicinity and also with the effect of traditions, the small ruminant herds in the fields away from the village where it is hosted is located in the grasslands was established on the plots. The topic of this article is about sheep folds which are dwindling the numbers of rural settlements in Bilecik. Sheep folds was established on areas of grassland outside of village in order to do small ruminant livestock activities in Bilecik. Sheep fold is consist of folder and the shepherd's hut and used for all year. In addition to name of sheep fold, it’s called as Yatak (bed) because herds take a rest after grazing in field by staying night in field. Some people calls it as Kışla (barrack) because herds are sheltered in sheep fold which is out of village. In choosing the location of the sheep fold settlements, topography, climate, vegetation, and water resources are important factors. Furthermore; human geography factors such as land ownership is effective. Traditional sheep fold settlements in Bilecik are constructed in a simple manner with the material that is provided from their surroundings areas. Sheep folds in Bilecik are increasingly being abandoned. Lack of rural economic order for sufficient to feed the current population, hygiene conditions, a young population which does not want to deal with livestock, and as a result especially the younger population migration to the cities from the villages are effective on the abandonment of them. In conclusion, sheep fold which is an important economic and cultural value in rural areas of Bilecik, nowadays are rapidly being abandoned without being used and is being destroyed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19885 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19885 Emine KOCA, Özlem KAYA Market saturation is a very important concept for the firms. Degree of saturation determines the behaviour in the industry and marketing activities of the firms. When the saaturation increases, competetion chance in the market decreases accordingly. High saturation is seen in most of the industries in our country. This condition decreases the productivity of most industries in Turkey. Saturation is the control of a few companies on price and production at a sector. Market saturation is the distribution of companies in terms of numbers and size at a certain sector. Companies condense in order to keep the market power. This situation brings about the oligopolistic structure in which several companies with approximately same ratios of power have the saturation and price strategies used by some of these companies affect the market share of the other business organizations. Market condensation indexes are easily calculated and give clues to how much the market is competitive. The saturation decreases and competition rises in the ratio of high number of operating firms in the market and the equivalence of these firms against each other. In terms of being also competitive of the market structure, the effective power of market variables of operating firms in the market decreases. Therefore, in establishing how competitive the market is, it is important to know the ratios of market saturation. It is observed that oligopolistic structures in textile and clothing sector which has played an important role in the economic development processes of our country in the past and recently are increasing and deregulation cannot guarantee the conditions of competitive market. In this study some evaluations were made and some suggestions were brought forward by taking the saturation ratios of textile and clothing sector into saturation within the frame of saturation levels of economic activities in 2012 prepared by Turkish Statistical Institute. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19827 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19827 Nur Ahmet KURBAN The madrasa life and piety during the period of the independence struggle of Emin Bugra (1901-1965), who was migrated from East Turkistan, settled in Turkey, and performed important duties for both his new and mother counties, has been appreciated and undisputed by the Islamic circles. His loss has never been filled until now. Throughout his life, East Turkestan has not been involved in the internal politics of any country for the struggle for independence. He did not hold a party where he was. There are no local knitting members. Everywhere in East Turkestan people behave like a deputy. The religion has been restrained. Aydin has become a clergyman. Studies about it are rather limited. There is hardly any work on the subject of his religious life. However, he is a religious man before everything else. After that he is a successful diplomat. During his time in Turkey he represented his people at many international conferences. He has been in constant contact with Turkish relatives in Turkey and the world Islamic Union. Despite this general acceptance, his political attitudes, behavior in social life and some ideas need to be explained in terms of religious. Such a study is needed to uncover all of these issues. In this study, firstly effective religious elements along with Bugra’s growth will be traced. Then emphasis on nationalism in his political struggles will be evaluated from a religious point. In the third step, his understanding of Islamism and position on the Turkish-Islamic thinking will be presented. At the end of this study, religious aspects of the “Bugra movement” will be founded from the Quranic and a sociological perspective. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19876 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19876 Özlem ÖRDEM Children’s welfare in the last 100 years has been inextricably woven into women’s welfare and women’s social condition; to an extent, children’s welfare has been subsumed under the composite concept ‘women-and- children’. It is hard to peer beyond the tangle of adults who pronounce on children’s ‘needs’ in the context of mother-child relations, and to look clearly at children themselves. It is still more difficult to listen to children seriously. And it is yet more difficult to include children into society rather than excluding them. But these are essential enterprises: we must extricate children, conceptually, from parents, the family and professionals. We must study the social condition of childhood and write children into the script of the social order. Essentially the interlinked reasons for doing this are two- fold. Proper understanding of the social order requires consideration of all its members, all social groups. And children, like other minority groups, lack a voice and have a right to be heard and their views taken into account. It is through working towards better understanding of the social condi- tion of childhood that we can provide a firm basis for working towards implementation of their rights. to study children as a social group and childhood as a social phenomenon. The proper study of the social order has to include the social condition of childhood, and the contributions of children to it. The sociological project is to work initially on the task of extracting children theoretically from the family in order to study their social positioning as a social group. A next step is to replace children in reciprocal relations with adults, and childhood with adulthood. Thus the sociological enterprise aims to locate study of childhood in study of societies. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19756 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19756 Neval SAKİN Folkloric dolls are cultural products produced by dressing handmade or plastic dolls in traditional costumes. In Turkey, various folkloric dolls are produced with different materials and 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19758 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19758 Kamil ŞAHİN, Salih TOPRAK The position of women in the secondary plan under social conditions contains a historical sustainability. This historical sustainability caused to discuss the position of women and became the basic problematic of feminist movement. Especially, on some historical periods and in some cultures, misidentification of woman has been discussed as the most fragile and important subject. The religious reasons of the problem have been handled beside social, economic, political and biological reasons. Some sides in feminist movement defend that there is a woman (Lilith) who was created equal to Adam instead of “Eve” who is expressed as the first woman. There are a lot of subjects on women in religions, holy books and prophets’ hadiths. Whether the woman was taken a backseat due to the religious reasons or because the dominant man wanted constitutes the basis of the studies. Did the religions advice that women were unimportant creatures or is it the man’s own thoughts? So, this is the main point that will explain the discussion. The approaches of celestial religions to women have been generally known. In this study, considering the approaches of the celestial religions, it will be tried to understand that what the attitudes of noncelestial religions to the women are. So, it is very important to describe the position of women in modern religions and societies by handling the point of view of the other belief systems in mythology for women. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19958 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19958 Mahmut AÇAK, Özgür KARATAŞ The aim of this study is to investigate the level of meeting the sports and sports centers expectations of i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19952 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19952 Bengül ÇETİNTAŞ This study aims to discuss the meaning of the concept of “culture”, to clarify what culture is and to investigate this concept in terms of its scope and content. Based on the wide meaning and scope of the concept of culture, the use of this concept in daily language and its definitions in dictionaries are examined in this study. The records in dictionaries have indicated the flexibility of the word “culture” in getting together with other words to meet a new meaning and the richness of compound words in Turkish language including the word “culture” . Besides, it can be witnessed that the word “culture” has been used in various meanings and functions being embraced by the users of daily language. In order to understand better how and in which meanings the concept of culture has been used today and in the past, different definitions of this concept have been pointed out in social sciences throughout the history. In addition, the concept of culture and especially its development in intercultural studies has been evaluated with the perspectives of prominent researchers in the field. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19950 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19950 Samettin GÜNDÜZ, Ahmet OCAK The aim of this research is to determine the perception and conceptual levels of University students about Hoca Ahmet Yesevi. The data of the study was collected from students attending to International Turkish-Kazakh Hoca Ahmet Yesevi University who come from Turkish speaking states and communities. A ten-item questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as the main data collection tool. The results of the study indicate that 30% of the participants regard Hoca Ahmet Yesevi as the spiritual leader of all Turkic world while 53% and 11 % of the participants regard him as only the Kazakh or Ozbek people’s spiritual leaders respectively. Approximately 6% of the participants have not made any comments on the issue. Although all participants have attended a lecture about Yesevism, it was found that 2.3% of participants have read Ahmet Yesevi’s Divan-ı Hikmet (Divan of Wisdom), while %97,7 of them have not. All the participants were found to have visited the Yesevi tomb. It was determined that the reason for 93% of the tomb visits was faith oriented. The proportion of the people paying attention to Yesevi teachings in his/her daily life was found to be 2.3%. The percentage of the participants believing in the effect of Yesevi philosophy for unifying Turkic world was found to be 37.3. Some suggestions have been made about teaching, understanding and interpretation of Yesevism in Turkic world. This study is expected to contribute to other works related to Yesevism. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20061 https://turkishstudies.net/education?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=20061 Mehmet Korkud AYDIN, Mesut AYDIN , Fatih KAYA Community Centres, cultural institutions are founded on February 19, 1932. The most important of these institutions are complementary elements of public education in the early years of the Republic; Public education activities until 1951 has brought a significant place. Community Centers are organized in 9 branche This branch of Language, History and Literature, Fine Arts, Representation, Sports, Social Welfare, Public Schools and Courses, Library and Publication, Peasentasim is a museum and exhibition branche These branches were informed by the ingenuity of citizens in many aspect One of the most important work of the People's Houses are also made up for activities to celebrate the national day and the week. Holidays strengthen national unity and solidarity among citizens, which has had a sense of solidarity and support to the movement. This day is celebrated with the same enthusiasm and weeks of community centers in different cities and towns were celebrated at the community center in Malatya. Celebrations in particular the representation branch with language history and literature branch has made great contribution Malatya national days and weeks celebrated in the community center are as follows: October 29 Republic Day, 23 April National Sovereignty and Children's Day, the Turkish Language Day, May 19 Youth and Sports Day, are the celebrations held on the Hatay Motherland annexation. The aim of the work to be done in Malatya Community Center for this celebration, in the early years of the Republic of Malatya community center to reveal his social and cultural activities in this work will be done in the literature as a research model. The findings obtained in the scan results will be evaluated. 2026-07-16