https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=314 Turkish Studies - International en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19667 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19667 Rabia AKSU +DA locative case suffix, which has been used quite practical from Old Turkish to today, has been also used in different meanings besides locative case. In Old Turkish there was not an extra suffix to indicate ablative case. The suffix +DA were used for locative and ablative fonctions in Köktürkçe period. In Old Uyghur Turkish period, suffix +DIn emerged and was commonly used for ablative function. Turkish language ramified different two main branchs as North-Western Turkish and East Turkish. The suffix +DIn continued to being used in Chagatai Turkish, which is also named Eastern Turkish. In Western Turkish it was used as +Dan due to the effect of Kipchak, which is representative of North Turkish. Old Anatolian Turkish, which is discussed is it continuation of Old Turkish or is it a new written language, is a written language formed on the basis of Oguz dialect. In the text of this period, especially the early in, Old Turkish’s language features were used with Western Turkish features together. However, in Old Anatolian Turkish texts it is seen that the suffix +DA was used for ablative function. At this time and after periods, suffixes were used different functions. In this study, which is formed to research and peruse the suffixes functions as historically , it will be emphasized on in which functions the suffix was used in Old Anatolian Turkish together with ablative function. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19555 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19555 Fatma ATEŞ Myths are sacred stories that describes the tales specific at the beginning. In these stories it contains supernatural creatures , genesis and natural events it also contains animals and their stories . With the supernatural motiv’s in these stories , deep influences of animism and totemism shows in the myths and beliefs of the oldest civilizations. They are connected with one and another beliefs in time it started to show itself as tabooed beliefs that started to show the way to the society. People that started to belive in sprits also started to create certain beliefs too .Out of all of the beliefs , the most effective one is worshipping animals. Many societies around the world considered animals as gods or considered them as a cult of faith dimensions. First people hesitated and scared of the power , rapaciousness and bigness of the animals that lived in the same location with them. This hesatiton turned to admiration as by time. This period is where the mankinds certainly accepts supremacy of animals and its called "zoomorphic period" ( animal looking gods period). Many of the tabooed animals , became a respected provision of god by the first humans. But this is not valid for all of the animals. According to belief some of the animals were created just to serve humans. According to this belief which finds it’s self a place in Indian mythology, God Maheo , created the animals to continue the life of the first human he created. Heroes and creatures in mythology have entered many literary products with their extraordinary abilitys. İn this way in this literary product that has emerged in a rich product and harmony. The most richest hormanoy is the stories that is in mythological legends. İn our essay we will be examining mythological animals in the stories and legends of indians which is one of the oldest settlers in America. The animals in the Indian mythology constituted the main roof of study that contains brief informations about the transition in the myths of the world of these animals that we sometimes compare with Turkish mythology . 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19407 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19407 Yahya AYDIN Novel in literary genres, when compared with others, is the kind of narrative that expresses initial and serious break from traditional narrative forms. The meaning of the word of "novel" clearly reveals this situation. Novel, which is admitted as the epic of the modern age, is the most representative genre of the modern phenomenon, the nation formation. In Turkish Novel, many cases like Constitutional period developments, losses of ground, Balkan wars, World War I., occupation of Istanbul etc. presented convenient issue scale to cultivate nationalistic feelings. In nationalism context, minority issue, which is emphasized with passionate and ambitious manner, is one of the main cases of Turkish novel. In this study, the perspectives on minorities in the novels which were published after years of peak of nationalism (1918-1950) were tried to determine. Generally, minorities are seen as positive characters in the novels, with the point of humanistic and classification, which were about minorities and their leavings the country after desperate events are seen as a loss. It is considered that the government of that period were responsible for problems. Minorities are seen as brazen and frenzy figures after the occupation of the country in the novels, with the point of nationalistic, which were about minorities. Their heinous behaviours for Turks provoked national consciousness on fictitious characters. Minorities who weren't separatist are in the novel with their positive behaviours. The idea "betrayers will be punished sooner or later" was mentioned in some novels (like Küçük Ağa etc.). Discussion about minorities in the novels with the point of islamic is parallel with nationalistic view. Minorities were figured as a mistress by some authors and for some others as a trojan horse which were managed by foreigners. The title "jewish" were identified with defeatism and ravage. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19602 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19602 Sami BASKIN Most situations that interest human beings transferred to electronic (virtual) platform along with the developments of information technology. So people no longer meet or speak in this virtual platform and they can meet each other both audible and visual; they do shopping, pay the bills, and join the clubs or association and also they enroll in a school and they can even receive a diploma from the distance education programme without going to school. But people use this important virtual platform mostly to enjoy and to reach the information using their tablets, mobile phones, and computers. People follow their friends’ movements and events in the world on social networking site (Facebook, Twitter etc.) and they read hot news from online newspapers or they search for the questions in their mind and they can immediately find answers for them. So virtual platform becomes active in almost every side of the life. Virtual environment producers who know the common and effective usage of this environment, they try to create an evaluation criterion called user-friendly to form a practical field. In this criterion there are some features like “to be able to adapt the visuals sent to different other devices and scanners, easy accessible tabs, a thema without eye-straining and a good web design that help the user where they search and what they find. In the study which is based on the problem statement “Is Contemporary Turkish Dictionary user-friendly?”, a comparison was done between the content of the most famous online foreign dictionaries (a kind of database prepared according to users’ need) were chosen randomly and the content of Contemporary Turkish Dictionary in terms of a lexical item (“dictionary”). “Dictionary” lexical item was written in these dictionaries, given information was analysed and they were sorted out according to comparative analysis. So the similarities and the differences were determined, the deficiency of it was found out and some suggestions were offered to be more useful dictionary (user-friendly). At the end of the study, it was seen that there are a lot fields that must be developed in the dictionary. For instance; it doesn’t allow to get the dates from different environments, similar words list can’t be seen by the users, and when there is an incorrect witting, it can’t lead the user to the closer form, it doesn’t include the words’ level (A1, B1 etc.) and it doesn’t let the user to look for the words having inflection. These deficiencies aforementioned should be eliminated. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19556 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19556 Cemal BAYAK The Fatiha and Ihlas suras, the first and the 112nd chapters of Qur'an respectively are the texts where the essence of Islam, tawhid, the decleration of the oneness of God , is expressed vividly. There have been many works, especially by the sufis since the early days of Islam on these suras and tawhid, which gradually made this subject a discipline. These suras and tawhid were not only the subjects of academic research but also topics of literary works, which are often intertwined in many of them as it has been the case in the work that is the subject of search in this paper. Aziz Mahmud Hüdayi (d. 1628) and Kadızade Mehmed Efendi (d. 1636) are the two significant theologians of the 17th century who had enduring legacies in the Ottoman society and history, the former as a sufi, and the latter as an interpreter of Islam on the literal basis. There is a translation of the Fatiha sura which is attributed to both of these two. There are five manuscript copies of the work, which is followed by the two poems of tawhid by Hudayi, and one poem for each of Pir Mehmed Azmi and Cinani, adding one more dimension to the conflict. In this paper, I'll look into the lives of Aziz Mahmud Hüdayi and Kadızade Mehmed Efendi by the aim of finding clues for the ownership of this translation. I'll also examine the manuscripts of the work for that aim. A critical edition of the translation will be given at the end. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19573 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19573 Ebubekir BOZAVLI This study aims to analyze the way school age kids’ acquisition of conjunctions in Turkish, their values and usages on cognitive, enunciative and pragmatic basis within the framework of Antoine Culioli’s notion concept and linguistic operations revealed. The sample of the research consists of school age kids’ that study in the first class of public primary schools in the province of Erzurum. The data were collected through voluntary participation of 5 female and 5 male children in the interviews and dialogues that last 30 minutes, which took place seperately with each group from both class of schools. Content analysis was used for data and descriptive scale was employed. The conjuctions of opposition and concession, cause, comparison and argumentative were analyzed and their values from different perspectives were interpreted. The findings of the study reveal that school age kids’ can use each conjunction as much adequately and efficiently as adults. It is also emphasized that age and gender are not of importance in the use of conjunctions and that the utterance conditions determine the use of conjunctions. Besides, the pragmatic dominance of perlocutionary effect of such conjunctions as “ama” and “bile” is present. That is, the children aim to affect the person even persuade him by using these conjunctions with that effect. One can feel the additive value of argumentative conjunctions. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19625 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19625 Kenan BOZKURT Thinking is shortly gathering, analysing, comparing data to reach a decision and making new deductions via making use of relationships among data and distinguishing the useful one from the harmful one. Although thinking is a human-specific act, way of thinking differs from person to person and from society to society. As each human has his own way of thinking and having an idea, each society has its own thinking system. This cast of mind is the way of thinking and the way of having an idea of a society or culture about an object and it may differ from a society to society. In this regard, eastern people have their own way of thinking and way of vision and it is called 'contemplation'. By contemplation which is defined as thinking, viewing something in dictionary, reaching the underlying reality of substance via eluding the reality of the substance is aimed. The real reason that the East doesn't have that way of thinking is because they don't have the idea of blessing the substance which is the basic feature of the Western thought. When the Eastern people want to reach the essence of the entity, they elude the substance via ignoring its material dimension and all kinds of specialties in objects and substances, and aim to reach the truth lies behind its reality. In Islamic thought, it isn't proper to follow blindly an entity that lacks truth and as it bears some traits from its creator, the entity could only be a sign which cries out its creator. The beauty which is an intensely studied leading subject in classical poetry is not a perfection, order, and proportion in the desired entity or existed in the entity but is handled as something beyond the entity and a part of 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19622 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19622 Melik BÜLBÜL The rhythmical and arousing effect of game on human perception is, undoubtedly, great. People, in circumstances they are, try to perceive themselves and their environment through game and game-like parameters as well as through other means. The bio-psychological effects of games increase much more in case what is in question is the reading processes carried out. Since the meaning-focused communicative effectiveness of literary texts needs a different type of reading, the textual layers of meaning matched with game-like paradigms require qualified reader, reading, comprehension, and interpretation skills. Post-modern period makes use of the phenomenon of game to a great extent in order to increase the effectiveness of critical reflections of the message in literary products. Drawing attention to socio-political problems of the age that need questioning through a game-like method of narration can be shown as the biggest reason for this. Post-modern style of narration is the name of a movement in this age. In this study, the game-like reflections of the parameters that left their mark on the world of literature were analyzed on text. As the methods of study, textual analysis, reader-focused perceptual approaches, and association processes were used. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19598 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19598 Mehmet Nuri ÇINARCI We have many times works which were written in Arabic, Persian and Turkish in our classical literature, appreciated by several cultural circles in their period, being annotated several times. Following thematicly a double-edged progress in the form of explaining the classical and sufistic works. Annotation tradition has followed diwan annotations in terms of forms of literature works, annotations which are done to religious-didactic works and dictionary annotations. Forming literature work variations which based on verse rather than prose in classical literature has also been seen in annotation literature and so diwan allocations written different have constituted an important total. Doubtlessly the work centuries annoted most among diwan written in Persian is Hafız Diwan’s. Saib-i Tabrizi, Urfi-i Shirazi, Shevket-i Bukhari and Shahi Persian diwans are also the annoted. Shahi diwan, among the Persian diwans, was annoted by Mustafa Shemi or in his other name Shemi Shemullah one of the most prominent poems of XVI. century. That he has had 13 diwan so far in our contry’s libraries has given evident that he got attraction in Ottoman Empire region. But shemi also based the reason of being annotated on poets being fantastic and lovely in the dissection port let the work. In this study, Arabic, Persian and Turkish sources by which Shemi in his Shahi diwan, one of the commentator of XVI century, have determined and some text examples about have seen the subject have been given. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19600 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19600 Serkan DEMİRAL, Muzaffer KAYA In this work, we aimed to study the functional values of the common French prepositions (à, de, en, sur, par, dans, pour, avec ) and its equivalent called ‘’postpositions’’ in Turkish (- (y )E², -D²E², -D²E²n, üzerinde, tarafından, içinde, için ile ) . After briefly introducing the French language and the Turkish language, we defined prepositions and postpositions to make a comparison from the examples without context and understand their common and specific functions. So we took advantage of concepts for the functional values of prepositions and postpositions to see the values of their own and common uses. To analyze these values, we took advantage of a comparative table on which we compared the numerical results. Since this table, according to these results that we have held, though prepositions and postpositions contain the same direction on the lexical database when they are used in the sentence they have different functional values of one the other for the most common functional values and sometimes. According to the numerical results, the preposition À and postposition - (y)E² have 8 common functions. The preposition À has 6 own functions. The postposition - (y)E² has 1 own function. The preposition À and the postposition -D²E² have 5 common functions. The preposition À 9 own functions. The postposition -D²E² has 4 own functions. The preposition De and the posposition -D²E²n have 8 common functions. The preposition De has 3 own functions. The postposition -D²E²n has 2 own functions. The preposition En and the postposition -D²E² have 6 common functions. The preposition En has 5 own functions. The postposition -D²E² has 3 own functions. The preposition Sur and the postposition Üzerinde have 2 common functions.The preposition Sur has 4 own functions. The postposition Üzerinde has no specific function.The preposition Par and the postposition Tarafından has 2 common functions. The preposition Par has 4 own functions. The postposition Tarafından has no specific function. The preposition Dans and the postposition İçinde have 3 common functions. The preposition Dans has 3 own functions. The postposition İçinde has no specific function. The preposition Pour and the postposition İçin have 4 common functions. The preposition Pour has 5 own functions. The postposition İçin has 1 own function. The preposition Avec and the postposition İle have 5 common functions. The preposition Avec 1 own function. The postposition İle has 2 own functions. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19384 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19384 Muhittin ELİAÇIK In the rhetoric books are described ‘muhassinat-i lafziye and manewiya’ called literary arts in detail with examples. Literary arts has been described in the section of bedi of this books; and as name and definition and classification has been as different from each other. In this books metonymy, metaphor, simile, allusion is described in the beyan part seen as a narrative way. Consisting of bedi, beyan, meani sections in the number of rhetoric books there has been a significant increase after the Tanzimat. The source of rhetoric books usually Sekkâki (13th century scholar of rhetoric)'s Miftah and its summaries and commentaries has been. However, many new art are included in Miftah's commentaries and summaries. One of the literary arts located in rhetoric books also is tecahül-i arif. This art, in the Miftah with name of ‘sevku'l-ma'lûm overtime gayrih’ have been described. Tecahül, because of a joke, is described like he doesn’t know something known. This art, except for a few books, is described with tecahül-i arif name in the majority of rhetoric books. Sekaki, if changed also name of this art, due to the breach of decorum, this change has not been adopted in most of the book. Many books the definition of Sekkaki: "something known because of a joke is told like doesn't know." as has translated. This art, in rhetoric books after the Tanzimat also have taken place with tecâhül-i arif name; used only Recaizade istifham name. Also, didn't take place in rhetoric books tecahül as well as a title with istifham name. This term is used as a tool of tecâhül-i arif. In this article, tecahül-i arif is investigated in a comparative manner in rhetorical book. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19255 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19255 Ülkü ELİUZ, Elif Öksüz GÜNEŞ In modern texts, overcoming temporal and spatial limitations, ancient is used as a quality of textual archetype. Not exceeding the tradition, but by making a loan an indication of the quality content that will be used as sources should be seen as an accumulation, universal themes of cultural memory is rewritten by the intertextual method. Ayfer Tunç is a brilliant mind who studies to carry the magic of the past to present time and believes that returning to the source of existence will simplify the life in deteriorated magic of the life. The writer’s story named “Cave Friends” is a tragic expression of the people that hiding to their homes/caves in the chaos of the big city. In the center of the two-layered story that gave the books title, take part septuble Ayyıldız Apartment wants to sleep and drunkard writer tries to write the story of sleepers. The story is in the quality of transformation in modern works on many nations oral tradition and mythology and on the metaphor 309 years of sleeping located in the Holy Koran. In this study, Ayfer Tunç’s story named “Cave Friends” was viewed in the axis of modern i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19547 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19547 Mevlüt ERDEM Some topics in traditional Turkish grammar (especially in phonology, morphology and syntax) are examined in binary 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19548 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19548 Malgorzata Maria GAJDA Intensive battles encountered between the Ottoman Empire and Poland in the 17th century, which is known in the history of literature as the Baroque period, found wide reflection in the Polish Baroque literature. The focus of attention rested besides on military – political events on the Ottoman material and spiritual culture, the history, structure and functioning of the Ottoman Empire and the historical personalities of that period. Two Ottoman monarchs of the 17th century ( Sultan Osman II. and Sultan Mustafa I.) were portrayed in the following epic poems handling the issue of the first Ottoman – Polish war (1620 – 1621): the most successful epic work of the Polish Baroque literature – “Battle of Khotyn” by Waclaw Potocki and the work entitled “Brave Mission”, which is qualified as a historical documentary to a great extent, by Samuel Twardowski, who had personally participated in the peace negotiations. The main purpose of this image analysis is to specify the range and nature of the portraits presented to the Polish readers. Thus the obtained information about in sequence appearance, biographical data, character features and behavior manner of the mentioned sultans has been examined. Based on the results of this analysis can be concluded that the general negative approach towards enemy Ottomans prevalent in the European Baroque literature is also present in the analyzed images of two sultans. Furthermore the study results are important for the Ottoman history. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19606 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19606 Engin GÖKÇÜR Turkmen Turkish constitutes Oguz group of Turkish language’s eastern branch but Azerbaijan and the Turkey Turkish constitutes the western branch. A part of Oguz Turkey has used the same literary language up to the 17th century in the Anatolia, Syria, Iran and Iraq geography. After this century Ottoman Turkish and Azerbaijani Turkish created two different literary languages. Until the 18th century, Turkmens used the Chagatay Turkish which has been Central Asian Turks’common written language. After the 18th century Turkmen poets and writers wrote the woks which formed the infrastructure of the Turkmen Turkish. Today the foundation of Turkmen Turkish include the Teke, Yomud, Ersarı, Çavdur, Sarık, Salur, Gökleñ’s tribes language producs. Modern Turkmen literary language basically is based the Teke dialect which is spoken in the Ahal and Marı district. Turkmens depending the understanding of the Oguz-sized units could not have written literature for a long time. Therefore since 13th century they have had their rich products of old tradition. As well as some typical characteristics of Eastern Turkish, some phonetic and morphological characteristics of Oguz group of Turkish literary language are seen in Turkmen Turkish. Because Kipchak and Chagatai languages have been effective in Turkmen Turkish which is located in the west group of Turkey written languages over years, some part of the sound change which has been seen in the Azerbaijan and the Turkey Turkish has not been seen in this written language. Therefore, a large number of protected phonetic elements in the northern and eastern group of Turkish literary language have been protected in Turkmen Turkish as well. In this article these protected phonetic elements in Turkmen Turkish are expressed with examples by a comparative method. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19655 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19655 Metin GÜLER The study aims to introduce the book “Ravżatü’l-aḫbār el-Münteḫab min Rebìèi’l-ebrār” translated from Arabic into Turkish by Âşık Çelebi and also aims to show the back-front harmony and unrounded-rounded harmony processes of the suffixes in XVIth century based on the book. Back-front harmony has completed its development and had established its rules at very old ages of Turkish. But the same is not valid for unrounded-rounded harmony. Unrounded-rounded harmony has developed in a random way. Existing unrounded-rounded harmony in old Turkish spoiled in old Turkey Turkish. Redevelopment of this harmony has taken place been in Classical Ottoman Turkish. The book “Ravżatü’l-aḫbār el-Münteḫab min Rebìèi’l-ebrār” we have studied has been translated at the starting ages of this redevelopment. The study is also remarkable due to the fact that containing subjects converning different discipline areas. Existence of many copies written in different ages proves that it was read widely both at its own age and following periods. The study has been reflecting the linguistic features of the age very well. In the introduction chapter of the study, information on the biography and works of Aşık Çelebi, leading poet, translator and author of XVIth century. Also in this chapter, the subject of “Ravżatü’l-aḫbār” and its importance, its chapters and the manuscripts that we could reach were handled. In following chapter, back-front harmony and unrounded- rounded harmony of the suffixes in the study were discussed. The results were compared occasionally with the related studies. In the conclusion, an assesment was presented based on the results obtained. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19546 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19546 Holida İMAMOVA The present article considers of the paralinguistic representation of the category of politeness by Turkish speakers in corporation with Uzbek. The comparative study is based on analyses of the authentic materials collected from fixion in Turkish and Uzbek, lexicological works, observations on native speakers behavior. The main attention in the article is given to the important paralinguistic representation like head and hand motions; they play the significant role in the Turkish and Uzbek language culture and communication. The analyses of paralinguistic representation of politeness show the close relationship between representation and social parameters like age, gender, position, situation etc. There is a quite number of paralinguistic representation peculiarities in Turkish and Uzbek which tells that there are common and different points in this representations. The difference is in details. Moreover almost all peculiarities of the representation are given in lexicographic works of the comparing languages as idiomatic expressions, the majority of which is expressions with words: head and hand. It illustrates close relationship between linguistic and extra linguistic attitudes. Moreover not the all expressions are included in the dictionaries. Some idiomatic expressions are still in oral speech use (for example in Uzbek). Knowing of paralinguistic representation of politeness is very important thing inter language communication. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19582 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19582 Seda Gül KARTAL Ebu Mukbil Kemal, who wrote in various newspapers and authored several novels, is mostly known for his practices and censorship during his position as director of Directorate of Censorship (Matbuat-ı Dâhiliye) between the years 1905-1908. It may be for this reason that his identity as an author was overshadowed by his position and his novel, Dülgerin Kızı (1903) is a subject of attention with its cadre of personas, most of them non-Muslims. This study analyzes how the author interpreted the non-Muslim Ottoman subjects in his novel, which characteristics he emphasized and how he placed them in society within the context of the political and social background of its period. These non-Muslim subjects, described based on their religious and ethnic backgrounds are not interpreted with a stereotypical approach, each one of them were represented with different characteristics and were evaluated based on whether they conform with the moral values determined by Ottoman culture and values. Character who was influenced by Ottoman-Turkish culture due to their lost shared past with Turks, and who have established intimate and friendly relations were idealized by the author. The novel, which depicts how the i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19412 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19412 Sibel KOCAER The Divan-ı Şeyh Muhyiddin (880/1476), written by Şeyh Mehmed Çelebi (d. 898/1493-4) who was a sheikh at the Zeyni dervish lodge in Eğirdir, is known as the Hızırname (Book of Khidr) in scholarship. The work consists of eighty poems which narrate the travels of a warrior dervish figure in the heavenly realm and to various territories on Earth under the guidance or the spiritual blessing (himmet) of Khidr. Another important figure of Ottoman sufism, Hacı Bektaş, also plays a prominent role in some sections of the narrative, especially as he appoints the dervish the head of the Ottoman army. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19401 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19401 Okan KOÇ Ülkü Tamer, remembered together with İkinci Yeni (The Second New) generation of poets in Turkish literature, penned poems with specific characteristics of language, images, and closure like that generation. However Tamer’s poetry has had an original identity of its own in terms of its image structure, simplicity in language use, and a poetic sensibility in accord with the the Western and native traditions together. Tamer's poetic venture at the same time shows the i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19669 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19669 Fikri KULA, Mehmet GÜNEŞ From past to present, social and residential units which named as cities, have a meaning beyond the places for telecommunicating each other. The city word is often used with the "medina" and "civilization" word or concept. City carriers of civilization, civilization in the city founder, is strengthening and shaping elements. Between the concepts of city and civilization formed unbreakable/organic a bond. These concepts are an integral part of each other and It has been expressed as “city is civilization”. Istanbul is the only city in the world which has the distinction to be established on two continents, Istanbul is also called as a civilization city because Istanbul has a long history and Istanbul is the founder, carrier and reflective of many civilizations. Besides the Geographical location and natural beauty of Istanbul, it has a unique silhouette with historical structure and architecture, With all these aspects and beauty, they inspired many artists and Istanbul has been the subject matter of numerous literary works. Many Istanbul poet/writer who has a place in the memory expressed their love for the city and try to describe the beauties of Istanbul, by classical folk and new Turkish literature. On Sezai Karakoc poems Istanbul has a wide place. Karakoc considers Istanbul as the capital of Islam civilisation, and he wrote the material and spiritual elements of Istanbul in the original way. This work is written for the master’s thesis “Sezai Karakoç’un Şiirlerinde Şehir ve Medeniyet”. Sezai Karakoc designated Istanbul as "Capital of Islamic Civilization" and "Capital of capitals" with the way he described the poet's poems focused on reflecting Istanbul's historical and spiritual direction. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19559 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19559 Salim KÜÇÜK Nursery language whose archetype we find in the first Turkish dictionary Dîvânu Lugâti’t Türk can be defined as, due to the difficulty a child has in the language acquisition process, the child’s naming some objects idiosyncratically (bubu, tata, tıktık), his/her breaking some words (dudu, moma, namna), his/her deriving new words with onomatopoeia voices (dahdah, pepe), his/her adopting new words that are suggested or presented as simplified by parents or other people (buluk, hapicik, kit olmak), his/her getting influenced by words the peers use (halli). This topic which has been evaluated in the context of first language acquisition and linguistics has not been dealt within the scope of dialects. In this study in which the articles ranking the phrase “nursery language” in the Dictionary of Compilation prepared based on Turkey Turkish dialects and the vocabulary in its scope, the concept of nursery language has been discussed, and these usages, peculiar to nursery language and compiled by adults, have been evaluated in terms of structure and meaning under three headings as noun, verb and exclamation based on vocabulary. Few of nouns are structurally one- or three-syllabic. They are mostly composed of two syllables. They are usually in concrete structure and this naming is rather for meeting the child’s daily physical needs. The nouns are followed by few derivative and compound exclamations and verbs the child use in daily life. In this study, along with the Dictionary of Compilation, we have benefited from other works in book forms about dialects in order to be able to make a better comparison. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19588 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19588 Zeliha OKKESİM Kutlu who reaches a wide readership with each stories and tolds readers’ stories with their emotions in a successful way, debuted in literature in 1970. He has published 26 story book and 8 essays. He who was being a teacher of literature, a manager of a magazine, a journalist and a broadcaster continues to write obeying his traditional rule which is a new story book for each year. Kutlu gave the concept of long story with book called “Uzun Hikaye” written in 2000 and it is one of the best example of the concept. After that year he has continued to write story in this concept. When we look the fundemantal issues which are underlying the long stories’ subjects of Kutlu, readers see that there is a demand to sense the exact meaning of the life, an effort to cling to life and being in life, an encountering a dilemma between traditional & modern life and an alienation of essence. Mustafa Kutlu turns these problems that occupied the minds of the people that from his country and alienation issues into a literary texts and so offers an opportunity to think with pleasure to the reader. For this aim, He uses heroes of the stories unsurprisingly. In Kutlu’s strories, there are quite a variety of heroes like doctor, stallholder, violinist or academian. A carefull reader who read all the stroies will notice that the male figures of Kutlu’s stories are alone or beocome isolated. There are lots of common points of lonely male figures that clearly described in the books, specifically in the 8 story, of succesful story writer who have completed 45 years in authorship. These common points are not a repeat or coincidence but also a conscious choice and they stem from the message Kutlu wanted to give the reader. In this article we analyzed that why the lonely male figures are alone, what are their common characteristics and how they continue or finish the their own life 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19716 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19716 Alev ÖNDER Erendiz Atasü is a feminist author who questions woman's i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19638 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19638 Hüseyin PARLAK The fact that an i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19704 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19704 Ayşe SAĞLAM Ali Emiri is a classical Ottoman 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19480 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19480 Mehtap SARIARSLAN This article examines the issue of Orientalism in two different literary works. One of them is the opera called “Madame Butterfly” by Giacomo Puccini and the other one is a play called “M. Butterfly” by David Henry Hwang. Both literary works focus on the romantic relationship between female characters who have South Asian origins and male characters who have European and American origins. Both works include stereotypical images about the Eastern cultures and peoples; however, the opera has a humiliating approach while the play has a more objective and satirical attitude. The first one criticizes the people of the Orient and regards them as “uncivilized”, “weak”, “submissive”, “passive” and “feminine” whereas the latter one draws a more realistic and objective picture of them and regard them as quite intelligent, hardworking and ambitious, and tries to show the reader that the oppressed and defined Eastern people by the others do not necessarily conform to the image that was created by the Orientalist writers. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19677 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19677 İsa SARI A dialect atlas is a set of maps in which differentiations at phonological, morphological, syntactic and/or lexical levels of a specific language through some icons, symbols and colorings in a representative manner are shown over the geographical map of area. On these atlases, variations and distributions of grammatical/lexical features on the related areas can be observed, and thus, borders of dialects and differences between them can be defined. Such atlases may present some clues on the effects of geographical, politic, economical, ethno-cultural and social factors to the variation in a language. In this respect, such maps can provide data for other disciplines, and the relevant data can be interpreted and used in different aspects. Starting as products of dialectology, dialect atlases are now mostly evaluated and studied under the discipline of geolinguistics. However, preparing and designing a dialect atlas requires a joint study with some other disciplines like information technologies, statistics, cartography etc. especially at the present time, although it is related to linguistics or philology by and large. Besides, taking into account the technological developments of our era, it can be advocated that a dialect atlas should be designed digitally in an online environment and in an interactive way. In this respect, a digital (dynamic) atlas can have some capabilities like classifying, limiting, comparing or sorting the data as well as having the opportunity to edit, add or remove it even after publishing, while a printed (static) atlas can not have such features inherently. In addition to all these, a digital atlas have some advantages on the expenses like printing or distribution and it has the opportunity to be reached online from location on the world when compared to a printed atlas. In this paper, issues related to design a digital/interactive dialect atlas regarding the technological developments are evaluated while addressing the previous examples of such digital atlases, and which elements should be included to design complete digital atlas are explained with broad strokes. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19594 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19594 Seda SELİM Poets’ creativity and works are affected by their thoughts, view of life and the conditions of the era in which they live. Hüseyin Cavid and Eliağa Vahid are two important poets who lived in 20th century. They both valued the life in a beauty-centered manner. According to Vahid and Cavid, beauty is the main element bringing people together, vanishing the problems and creating a happier society. Although they have the same view of life, their poems differentiate in terms of effects of the era they lived in. Eliağa Vahid was a soviet poet and happy with the soviet administration. This influenced his poems in a positive way and made him look the future with hope. In contrast, Hüseyin Cavid was a believing Turkish Nationalist. He didn’t realize his dream of independent homeland both in Tsarist Period and Soviet Era. He was deeply affected by the suppression and violence policies of Soviet Administration. Therefore, despair and sadness became the literary elements of their poems. As their views of beauty and beloved resemble each other, poems of Vahid and Cavid about these subjects show similarity. In the contrary, their approach to political administration and life conditions of their era differentiate. In contrast to poems about love and beauty, this difference can be seen in their poems about religion, homeland, war etc. In this essay, we will see effects of their views of live to their poems. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19550 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19550 Fatma SÖNMEZ Haldun Taner, an important story writer of the Republican era, narrates the personal and social flaws that form the foundation of the stroy to the reader using an ironic tone. Proverbially, irony is a functional and critical method which harbours a kind thought about subject, person or object that is being ridiculed. The reason why irony becomes prominent in Taner’s stories is that the author cannot ignore problems that exist in the life. Hence, his use of irony in his stories is a coherent and deliberate decision. Taner transfers his sensitiveness using a naive narrator. In Taner’s stories, which evaluate the literature according to social utility standards, cultural norms that are peculiar to our society have an important place. Additionally, his pleasant and articulate use of Turkish is the first element that draw attention of the reader.He transfers the events effortlessly and comfortably to the reader. His stories loved by the reader when his humorous style is added to being able to read by the reader without any difficulty. His aforementioned three stories are noteworthy work of literature with their humorous and sarcastic tone. In this respect, the first section of this study was devoted to irony, humour, parody and satire, which are referred as ‘humorous literary genres’ and generally confused with one another, and also a short history of irony was presented. By doing so irony, which forms the style of the three mentioned stories, was introduced to the reader. Afterwards, Haldun Taner’s understanding of story was briefly mentioned. It was observed that irony and social criticism were major elements in all of Taner’s stories. Accordingly, the emphasis was put on his stories Sancho’nun Sabah Yürüyüşü, Şişhaneye Yağmur Yağıyordu, Ayışığında “Çalışkur” by investigating his style and essentially the use of irony in these stories through the examples taken from these. It was concluded that his extensive use of irony by spreading it to the whole story created a humorous atmosphere in the three stories studied. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19427 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19427 Murat TAN Social and political issues came forward in Turkish literature after Tanzimat Period. Proclaimed constitutional monarchy (2nd Meşrutiyet) in 1908 is a breaking point in literature and politics intermingling. With the declaration of the 2nd Meşrutiyet, Turkish literature proved to be more political than ever. One of the most important aspects of this period is that: Literary works reflect "power struggles" that occur in the era of 2nd Abdulhamid. 2nd Abdulhamid, in 1876, after being the sultan, suspends the first constitution (kanunuesasi) of the Ottoman Empire. Because of this suspension, a number of young people (Young Ottomans) are disturbed. They perform a number of activities to download Abdulhamid and put the constitution into force again. Later, the activities of this youth known as the Jon Turks, gained considerable dimensions. In the early twentieth century, this activities, under the name of İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti, download 2nd Abdulhamid. July 10, 1908, on proclaiming the constitution by Abdülhamid again, freedom becomes dominant in a period in the Ottoman Empire. Artists begin to write political issues could not write earlier. The number of press and publication that earlier editions restricted, would seriously increase. A significant increase occur in the number of novels written after this date. Almost all of them contain the power struggle that occured in the previous period and negative criticisms against the former administration. As a result; The most important thing to be noted in intermingling of the policies and the art is that: In the 2nd Meşrutiyet Period, artists who work on the power struggle, saw art as the basis for the getting revenge and used the literary works as an instrument of politics. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19475 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19475 Erhan TAŞBAŞ Pronouns are usually classified by person (first, second and third) and number (singular and plural). But the first person plural has also an exclusive/inclusive distinction. This distinction is based on whether the addressee is included (inclusive) or excluded (exclusive) by the speaker. The exlusive or inclusive meanings can be supplied by the context, This distinction is not typical for verbal inflection. There is another distinction which will be called dual/plural inclusive in this paper. Dual/plural distinction depending on whether the speaker addresses one person or more than one person occurs in the imperative mood and is attested only for the inclusive first plural person. This distinction has been termed exclusive/inclusive, dual/plural or augmented/minimal inclusive by various scholars. Unlike the exclusive/inclusive, the dual/plural inclusive distinction is seen in verbal inflection. The fact that this distinction is seen distinctively in Siberian Turkic area would seem to suggest that this feature is copied from other language groups. But the presence of this distinction in Turkmen and in some dialects of other Turkic languages means that the dual/plural distinction is an archaic feature and that it’s use has decreased over time. The fact that the dual/plural inclusive distinction is not only limited to Siberian languages and occurs in Turkmen shows that this distinction is related to the common Turkic area. In this work, the first plural imperative formation is surveyed based on inclusive/exclusive and dual/plural inclusive distinctions. The formation of the first plural imperative is investigated functionally. Finally, a recontruction is given at the end of the paper. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19478 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19478 Vefa TAŞDELEN, Abdülkerim UZAĞAN On Poetics of Maria Rilke and Hilmi Yavuz: A Comparative Essay: The first systematic ideas generated on poetry begun with Plato, Aristoteles, produced the first independent work on this subject. Since that day the subject of poetry has taken place in works of many philosophers. Some of the philosophers philosophised on the subject of poetry are Farabi, Avicenna, Ibn Khaldun, Giambattista Vico, Baumgarten, Hegel, Heidegger. Questioning of what is poetry, undoubtedly first emerged as a subject of knowledge and being, the informational value and connection to reality of the words of poets has been discussed; on top of that, from time to time the subject has been conveyed to sociological, political and educational dimension as well. As talking about poetry is not just talk on poetry, it is also humanity talking over being, knowledge, belief, politics, society. From all these approaches various understandings of poetry and art emerged. These manners have not merely stayed on theoretical basis only, also reflected on the practise of poetry writing; poets, nourished their poems by an expressed or implicit poetical apprehension. It would not be wrong to say that many of the poets who left their marks in the history of literature have a particular apprehension of poetry; they achieved producing poetry on this poetical ground. What makes a great poet, is the poetry written as well as the poetry apprehension that guides and justifies that poem. We can speak of two types of poetry apprehension. One of these explains poetry by inspiration, the other as an object that is made by a certain knowledge and culture, the one which is built. The subject has a historical and philosophical base that dates back to Plato and Aristotle. When Plato, defines poets as “interpreters of Gods” in İon dialog, he emphasises “inspiration”. When it comes to Aristotle, he talks about poetry as “beautified language”; by this he points out the activity of “making”, “production”, “building”, which is also referred by the word of poiesis. In this work has the title of “On Poetics of Rainer Maria Rilke and Hilmi Yavuz: A Comparative Essay”, a work of a comparative essay will take place between the apprehension of “object poetry” (dinge Gedicht) that stand out by poetry book called New Poems (Neue Gedichte) of Rilke who had the inspiration from Auguste Rodin and Hilmi Yavuz’s apprehension of “poetry as a made object”. This poets, are one of whom has poetical manner and view; they produced their poetry in frame of their own poetics. Both of them considered poetry as an activity of a knowledge, technic, culture and engineering. The questions of How and in which subjects this resemblance occurred, how is it reflected on poetry, what are the aesthetical and philosophical bases of it and what the increasing kind of differences are between poetize as work of inspiration and poetry writing as a form of building, will compose the fundamental issue of the article. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19646 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19646 Servet TİKEN Reflection of the Rural-Urban Migration Reasons to Turkish Novel Urbanization tendency in Turkey, is developed in a inclusive period in this day and age by gaining momentum 1950-1980 period. The rural depopulation phenomenon which emphasizes an important process in Turkey’s social upheaval, is ranged between the social phenomenons which Turkish novel deals. With the authors’ notice, social and i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19574 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19574 Keziban TOPBAŞOĞLU Literary texts, especially prose with reached form of expression novel, story and playbook, with opportunity to take people inside of center an unlike poetry existence. Among these types novel is better option to focus on social, political and cultural, say to say came out inside of life, generally touches upon occurred or have possilibity to occurre cases, for that reason for centuries contributes literary values and social values. Especially to take up these social, political and cultural dimensions, contemporary Russian novel and one of the most important name of silver age, one of the Pioneer socialist realist literature Gorky, a society which suffering pangs of i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19639 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19639 İbrahim TOSUN When the written history of Turkish is been examined, it is seen that two important principles are effective in terms of vowel syntagm. Vowels which are located in base and stem are arranged according to these two principles. One of them is the harmony which is called palatal harmony, the harmony which has been made into a rule from the first texts to today’s, the harmony in which the vowels of the words are based on the vowels back or front. The second one is the harmony which is called labial harmony, the harmony which was made into a rule after the period of the Old Anatolian Turkish, the harmony which determines how the first vowels of the word must be in terms of the vowels of the syllable, unrounded or rounded to follow. According to the principle based on vowels, which is generalized in the Western Turkish, if there is an unrounded vowel in the first syllable of a Turkish word, the vowels of the other syllables of the word to follow will be unrounded; if there is a rounded vowel in the first syllable, the vowels to follow will be an unrounded-wide vowel or a narrow-rounded vowel. There are few words which are Turkish, and which do not fit to this principle in Turkish. Consequently, talking about the existence of the labial harmony is possible when some works of Western linguists, written in the 17th century, are examined. In this study, the collection of biographies of Latifi, written in the 16th century, is examined, and we make an attempt to prove that the labial harmony began to appear in the written language of the 16th century, and that this harmony had began to appear in the spoken language earlier, and it was advanced in the period when the text had been written. The text which is examined in terms of the labial harmony is transferred in Latin alphabet by Rıdvan CANIM. CANIM formed this text by comparing and contrasting the five copies of the work, completed by Latifi in 1546. CANIM’s work, named “Latifi Tezkiretü’ş-şu’ara ve Tabsıratü’n-nuzama (İnceleme-Metinler)”, the product of great efffort and careful study, is scanned, and all the morphemes staying out of the labial harmony are found, and also these morphemes that are adapted to this harmony, if any, are found and examined. In the light of this information, we reach some results related to the stage in which the labial harmony took part in this work and in the period in which it was written. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19334 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19334 Şirin TUFAN Turkish language had taken its place in the Balkans not only during the Ottoman period, but even before. The settlement of the Turkish tribes such as Hun, Avar, Bulgar, Pechenek, Kuman coincides with the settlement of the Slavs in the Balkans back in the 7th century A.D. These Turkish tribes had left a mark in the region, particularly in the names of the regional toponyms (town and city names). Furthermore, later, from the 15th century onwards, for over 500 years of Ottoman rule in the Balkans, the Ottoman Turkish had dominated and influenced the local languages (Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Albanian, Greek, Romanian, Ulach, Pomak and Romani) in the region. As such it had function as a donor language and had given borrowings (borrowed words, suffixes, syntactic structures) to the other languages. Turkish influence in Albanian is observed in both spoken and written language. This study elaborates the usage of Turkish borrowings in the Albanian literature. The analysis are given within the framework of language contact and culture circle theories. Turkish-Albanian relationships during the Ottoman rule in the Balkans are examined. Expansion of Turkish in the Balkans is reviewed. It is observed that Turkish borrowings take an inseparable part in Albanian. It is concluded that Turkish borrowıngs are integrated into Albanian by phonetic and syntactic adaptation. The study gives emphasis on the ongoing usage of the Turkish borrowings in Albanian that resulted due to language contact. It points out that even though there is no existing language contact as such the active usage of Turkish borrowings in Albanian language and its literature is due to the cultural parallelism. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19666 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19666 Nurullah ULUTAŞ Archetypal Criticism Theory developed by Carl Gustav Jung analyzes psychology of characters taking stand from images and pictures. This theory enables researchers to compare the characters with mythological figures, which lead to common sense in many cultures since they are fed by "common subconscious" in depth of human psychology. Jung believes that powerful archetypes have different forms in different cultures. These archetypes show up by distancing themselves from the given cultures through a powerful experience and triggering. The theatre text, Gizler Çarşısı of Turgay Nar, who feeds his works with mythological elements, fairy tale heroes, grotesque factors, deserves to be analyzed within the scope of this theory. Sound fiction and characters bearing universal features in terms of psychological analysis bring multi-reading feature to this work. The author presents an example of reaction theatre by heading towards Power-People conflicts through the work of art, which differs from traditional theatre technique. The archetypes in this play are the characters scraped the emotional memory of society and enable reader/audience to compare and imagine the past. Being hard to read and perform, this text presents theatre as an art, which makes people think more, and touches upon social problems rather than being a simple entertainment. This paper aims to analyze the main characters of the play titled Gizler Çarşısı within the scope of Archetypal Criticism Theory developed by Jung. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19583 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19583 Kerime ÜSTÜNOVA Because Turkish has the affixes which are forms of the same, functions and categories of different, {-n} affix may be used in different bases and different function. But when {-n} affix comes to, first thing come to mind is the reflexivity function of this affix. For this reason verb bases with {-n} generally is assumed as reflexive. In conjunction with this study aims to put forward different functions from each other of {-n} affix, the issue will be evaluated by based on reflexivity affix. {-n} affix is used in many function within system as in examples affix derived verb from verb (aldan-, barın-, giyin-, mırıldan-, tiksin- etc.), affix derived noun from verb (akın, basın, düğün, ekin, gelin, tütün etc.), the passivity affix from verb conjugation affix (İzge bebek yıka-n-dı ama banyo henüz temizle-n-me-di. Ansızın kapı üstümüze kapa-n-dığından kimse ara-n-a-ma-dı.), and reflexivity affix (Güzelce yıka-n-dı-m, tara-n-dı-m, beze-n-di-m, seni bekliyorum.) This multifunctional using of {-n} affix caused by existing language units which are signifier of the same but signified of different, brings with some problems. Passivity and reflexivity affixes, generally coded by task of voice replacement are evaluated as both voice affix and affix derived verb from verb. In studies conducted in recent years it said that put forward the opinion which voice affixes are not derivation affix, rather the basic function of voice affixes organize to the relationship between subject and predicate. However, this time, {-n} affix is confused with other affixes. Bases with {-n} except verbs taking passivity affix, evaluated as reflexive verb, and also this affix evaluated as reflexivity affix. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19676 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19676 Ali YAĞLI Although comics regarded as a product of popular culture is not in demand in our country, it has been accepted as a noteworthy literary product. The Legend Enver Pasha by Suat Yalaz is one of his important works that has contributed a lot to the Turkish comics. The work which was published in installments in the “Newspaper Sabah” was compiled into a book for the readers in the following years. The novels Atatürk’e Suikastlar, Topal Osman, Çerkez Ethem, Son Osmanlı Yandım Ali which deal with the late period of the Ottoman Empire are also the novels written by him. Through the stories of these figures, who outstand in our near history, the writer aims to create historical awareness in them. Besides the youth getting a few generations love our history and helping them to acquire the habit of reading, the writer contributed to the presentation of Turkısh history with his ability in writing comics. Yalaz, in his work, The Legend Enver Pasha, tells the stories emphasizing scientific and documentary aspects of the events which are fairly rare in comics. Some important figures such as Abdülhamit, Talat Pasha, Cemal Pasha, Bekir S?mi Bey, Mustafa Kemal Pasha and İsmet İnönü take place in the adventures of Enver Pasha, who is among the founders and leaders of the committee for Union and Progress. The novel covers the following subjects: the success of Enver Pasha in Balkan wars, the events related to Turkısh-German Alliance, Sarıkamış Operation, Enver Pasha’s exile and his efforts in the way of Pan-Turkism. The desire of the pasha, who was living away from his wife and newly born baby, for his family life was also dealt with dramatically in the novel. At the end of the story, Yalaz has described Enver Pasha through lines as a courageous commander alone with his sward in his hand, who rode his horse towards the enemy and was martyred. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19651 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19651 Perihan YALÇIN Batının ilgiyle karşıladığı Türk gölge oyunu, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun sosyal yaşamında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Geleneksel Türk Tiyatrosu 17. , 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda mizahi bir anlayış ve barışçıl bir kavrayışla, Avrupa’nın ilgisini çekmiştir. 19. yüzyılda özellikle Doğu’nun gözde olduğu dönemde Türkiye’de geleneksel Türk türü oluşturuldu. 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda Türkiye’yi ziyaret eden Fransız yazar ve seyyahlar ülkelerine döndükten sonra her türlü konudaki izlenimlerini gezi yazılarında ya da eserlerinde anlatmışlardır. Bu makalenin amacı, çeşitli gösteri biçimlerinde ortaya çıkan ve kaynağını sözlü ve halk geleneklerinden alan geleneksel Türk tiyatrosunu takdim etmektir. Amacımız geleneksel tiyatromuz hakkında Fransız seyyah ve yazarların izlenim ve düşüncelerini ortaya koymak ve bu konudaki düşüncelerini aktarmaktır. Bu anlamda, Batıda, uzun zamandır bilinmeyen Türk geleneklerinin zenginliklerine hakkettiği değeri vermek önem taşımaktadır. Büyük ölçüde sosyo-politik hiciv içeren gölge tiyatrosunun temel amacı güldürmektir. Günümüzde, gölge tiyatrosu kaybolmaya yüz tutmuştur. Onu canlandırmak için bazı kişisel girişimler mevcuttur, ama yeterli değildir. Geleneksel Türk tiyatrosu başlığı altında genellikle, karagöz, meddah, ortaoyunu, kukla v.b. gibi gösteri türleri yer alır. Şarkı, dans ve söz oyunlarına dayanan, yazılı metin içermeyen ve sahnesiz bir tiyatro şekli olan geleneksel Türk tiyatrosunun temel öğesi güldürüdür. Özellikle büyük kentlerde yaygınlaşmıştır ve uzun yıllar, Türk’lerin toplumsal yaşamında etkili bir tür olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19424 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19424 Ali YILDIRIM One of the important works in the history of Turkish culture Evliya Çelebi wrote a ten-volume work Seyahat-nâme. Chalabi, who lived in the thirties in age 17. Century began and lasted about fifty around these trips are made to the Ottoman geography of Ottoman and adjacent areas. Go and see the places where sophisticated way to save Evliya Chalabi, the reader emerges from the lighting with its own intellectual leanings. the sixth volume in our study, which consists of Evliya Chalabi travels in the Balkans and to the European geography. Chalabi's travels in Europe, especially the army, this time attending to his inside, also made the trip to give the impression of a gas and the spirit of conquest. In fact, it is understood that at this time go to the Baltic Sea. Evliya Chalabi, the new Ottoman especially outside of Europe, different, it was no prior experience in order to better understand and grasp the reader different things, better known, refers to examples known. These examples should be more widely known tool called the analogy of expression, described the force of the new goals and objectives. Some local food and clothing as well as particular city and the castle structures must be examples of the war and the troops were often referred to expressions.In this study, to be told to keep the Ottoman foreign elements and because of the whole work is more than just a sum of the sixth volume handled Seyahat-nâme 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19537 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19537 Yahya YÜKSEL By 19th century, at Classical Turkish Literature, despite to the large number of male poets and a small number of female ones, there had been a serious increase in the number of female poets at that century. Undoubtedly, most important reasons for this were the radical changes at Ottoman Social and State Structure. Considering that the Ottoman Empire had fallen back from the West in many areas, many reforms, which started in the 17th century and accelerated in the Tulip Age, were carried out by administrators to recover from the negative situation. Despite the fact that these reforms, which were not only in Military Structure, were interrupted at some times; the effect of them was felt especially in the 19th century. Important changes were carried out in Social, Educational and Administrative Structure. These changes emerged in the Literature as well as in all other areas, and perhaps with the impact of changes in the social and educational fields, about 20 female poets started to set pen to paper. The most important female poets of this period were Leyla Hanım, Adile Sultan and Şeref Hanım. Like other Classical Turkish Literature poets, Şeref Hanım also benefited from the material in all areas of life to express her feelings; and in that poem that we examined, she combined the material elements with the lyric subjects expertly. At that period, economics and trade related issues were mostly considered to be associated with men, a female poet’s addressing this issue drew lots of attention. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19325 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19325 Fatma Sabiha KUTLAR OĞUZ 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19613 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=19613 Dudu UYSAL 2026-07-16