Turkish Studies - International, Year 2016 Issue Volume 11 Issue 9

Spiritual Force of National Forces an Approach of İstiklal Marşı from the Aspect of Morale

Muhammet Sani ADIGÜZEL — 2026-07-16

When historical background of the competition for writing of İstiklâl Marşı considered, it is understood that a text was sought out that will provide morale support to the soldiers fighting at front. Significance of this matter is underlined by the fact that among the works participated to the competition those selected by the jury were sent to army commanderships to be read to soldiers with the purpose of observing soldiers’ reactions to them. In selection of Mehmed Âkif’s work, its ability to raise positive feelings in the listeners, especially soldiers, came to the forefront. Dedicated to the army, İstiklâl Marşı together with Çanakkkale Şehitlerine poem, marking the peaks of Mehmed Âkif’s life and poems, enabled him the title of “spiritual leader of Millî Mücadele”. In this study, an assessment of İstiklâl Marşı, which can be characterized as proclamation of support to Milli Mücadele, is being presented in terms of morale, meaning kuvve-i maneviye/spiritual force. As laying foundations to the inquiry, meanings of the word “morale” are scanned in various dictionaries, also for identifying the connotations of the word a study made on university students by Tekcan and Göz is used. In addition to these, frequency ranks of the words in İstiklâl Marşı are put into a table based on “Türk Dil Kurumu Yazım Kılavuzu”. In the next step, dictionary meanings and connotations of the word “morale” are associated with words in İstiklâl Marşı at the world level by taking into account also the frequency ranks and this method is also applied in the text level. In addition, upon the relationship between morale and moral values, a map of concepts is provided building on the word “din” which correspond to these values in İstiklâl Marşı. As a result of these investigations, it is concluded that İstiklâl Marşı is a text that both increases morale and emphasizes moral values. When the function of İstiklâl Marşı as an instrument of moral education is considered, the work of Mehmed Âkif can be accepted as a morale speech that was made to warm up soldiers in the War of Independence in which the poet assumes the role of a morale officer.

Pre-School Teacher Candidates’ Views on Greenhouse Effect

Berat AHİ — 2026-07-16

Purpose of this study is to determine pre-school teacher candidates’ views on greenhouse effect This research has conduct with 196 pre-school teacher candidate that are from Kastamonu University, whose students have a little less score than Turkey average in Research Higher Education Entrance Exam pre-school teacher department. Data gathered by draw and explain technique in the scope of this study. For analyzing data, drawings and the answers from the interviews are placed into themes that came from previous researches in a suitable way with descriptive analysis technique. Result of this study shows that majority of the teacher candidates do not have any opinion about greenhouse effect (f= 125, 63.77%). Only 19 (9.69%) teacher candidate explain it with on a scientific base. While some of the teacher candidates confused greenhouse effect with the ozone depletion (f= 16, 8.16%), another part of them confused it with the greenhouse used in agriculture (f= 14, 7.14%). Also, it is seen that five of the students that gave scientific based answer (26.3%) have limited knowledge about greenhouse gases and different factors affecting greenhouse effect. According to the findings of this research, it is advised that courses including actual information about environment and environmental problems should be included in the pre-school teacher education programs.

The Validity and Reliability Study of Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale-Parent Version

Emine AHMETOĞLU, İbrahim Hakkı ACAR , Neriman ARAL — 2026-07-16

Aim: The aim of this study is to adapt Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale-Parent Form, which was developed by Fantuzzo, Mendez and Tighe (1998) to Turkish and conduct the reliability and validity analyses. Instrument-Method: Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale is a scale with 32 items and 3 subdimensions which is designed to help parents and teachers understand the peer play behaviors in early childhood settings. The data were collected from the parents of 442 children with an average of 60.38 (SS=9.98) who are of upper and middle SES. Firstly, Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale-Parent Form was adapted to Turkish language and culture. The validity of the scale was measured with Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the correlations between subscales and the difference between the Upper %27/Lower %27. The internal reliability of the scale was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method. Besides this, the predictive validity of the scale compared to the other scales was also probed. Findings: The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed that the scale has a three-factor structure as in the original version, which are Play Interaction (?2(26)= 90.719, CFI=0.901, RMSEA=0.075, SRMR=0.05), Play Disruption (?2(35)= 88.319, CFI=0.916, RMSEA=0.059, SRMR=0.043), and Play Disconnection (?2(34)= 81.715, CFI=0.892, RMSEA=0.056, SRMR=0.045). The internal reliability coeffiecients were found ?=.72, ?=.75 and ?=.68 for Play Interaction, Play Disruption and Play Disconnection, respectively. Moreover, the correlation found between this version and the social development and cognition based problem behavior scales which are rated by the teachers showed that the scale is valid and generalizable. Conclusion: The analyses showed that Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale-Parent Form is a valid, reliable and appropriate tool for Turkish children.

The Effects of Using Interactive Cartoons and Concept Maps on Academic Achievement in Social Studies Teaching

Yavuz AKBAŞ, Saliha TOROS — 2026-07-16

As an interdisciplinary subject in primary education, Social Studies is quite rich in concept variety. Since concepts are units of abstract thought and learning them a complex process, ordinary methods in the teaching of concepts prove inadequate. From this perspective, the use of various materials and technology for teaching concepts is essential in Social Studies, for materials developed using technology make learning not only fun but also permanent. In this context, making concept cartoons and concept maps – effective tools already in use for teaching concepts in social studies – interactive, enhancing their contents audio-visually, and using them for classroom activities could prove useful in teaching the subject. This study aims to reveal the effects of interactive concept cartoons and concept maps used in the teaching of Social Studies on academic performance. In the research it was used pretest posttest control group experimental design. The study group for the research was composed of the seventh grade pupils of a secondary school in the city of Trabzon. Academic Achievement tests and semi-structured interview forms were used for data collection. Academic Achievement test was simultaneously administered to the experiment and control groups as the pre-test, following which the control group was taught based on the existing curriculum whereas the experiment group was taught using the interactive concept cartoons and concept maps designed by the researchers. The experiment was concluded with the same Academic Achievement test simultaneously administered to both groups as the post-test. Following the test procedure was applied interview forms to experimental group students. According to the findings of the research it was concluded that the positive effects of academic performance of interactive cartoon and use concept maps in Social Studies teaching.

Turkish Teacher Candidates ' Analysis from Various Life Your Voices to Affect State Standards

Erhan AKIN — 2026-07-16

Inthisstudy, thesounds of life standards of Turkishteachersfunctional, withoutaffectingthesituation in whichthephysicallyandspirituallyto be studied. Study on relationalscan model. WorkingGroup, 2015 – 2016 in Siirt in educationuniversityeducationfacultyTurkishEducationSection 1, 2, 3, and 4. classesstudying 215 student As Jacobson et (1997) andEyilikeder's (2009) organizedbythe Voice Handicap Index againforwork (SHE). Thedatahavebeenanalyzedusingthe program SPSS 22.0. As a result of theanalysisprospectiveteacherssound of Turkish life standardsfunctional, physical, spiritualand General level of voicehandicapindex (SHE) concludedthatthe normal level. Class variable is in terms of functional, spiritualand General level of voicehandicapindex (SHE) 4. showing a significantdifference in favour of theclassphysicallymeaningfuldifference has not beendemonstrated. No significantdifferencewasfound in terms of thegendervariable. Gettingtheeducationvariable talk is functional, mentalvoicehandicapindex (SHE) in favor of meaningfuldifferenceshall be conferreduponthe General level of Conversationfieldsarefound.

Computer Usage Sufficiency Levels of Managers and Teachers in Primary Schools

Hüseyin Özer AKSOY, Necla FIRAT — 2026-07-16

This research aims to determine the levels of computer usage sufficiency of primary school managers and teachers. The research sample consists of 60 school managers and 562 teachers, total 622, working in 30 primary schools in 4 central districts of Izmir (Buca, Karabağlar, Karşıyaka, Konak) in 2012-2013 education year. "School Managers' and Teachers' Levels of Computer Sufficiency Scale" was used to collect the data for the research. Open ended questions were also asked to participants. 5 sub problems were answered in the research. Arithmetic mean, standart deviation, percentage, t-Test and Mann-Whitney U Test were used to analyze the data. Some findings of the study are as follows: School managers' levels of computer usage sufficiency are higher than teachers'. The school managers use computer mostly for the communication; then for the vocational works, following the innovations and fun/play in their daily life. On the other hand, the teachers use computer mostly for vocational works, then for communication, following innovations and fun/play in their daily life. According to the school managers, computers are contributed in performing administrative task such as saving time, avoiding paperwork, accelerating and facilitating administrative work, archiving information and increasing information accessibility. The reports from teachers demonstrated that the contributions of computers are; being visual and audio tools in conducting instructional work, saving time, allowing demostration of difficult experiments that could be dangerous for students and making the subject more attractive to students.

Brain-Based Learning Practices of Teacher Educators in English Language Teaching Programme

Çağla ATMACA — 2026-07-16

Every era comes with its unique requirements and expectations in every domain of life and education is no exception. However, there are some “timeless” educational moves which can be fashionable in every era such as brain-based learning where involvement of both hemispheres is encouraged in line with learners’ needs and interests. If educators are to deliver instruction in line with the needs of brain, they should take the necessary education before stepping into their real classes, which puts the emphasis on pre-service teacher education. Thus, this study aims to find out the perceptions and practices of faculty members in English Language Teaching (ELT) Programme at a state university in Turkey about brain-based learning. This study is based on mixed-methods approach including both quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (interview) data collection and analysis procedures. The participants were first applied the Brain-Based Learning Survey Questionnaire developed by Shelly R. Klinek (2009) in English and then they were given written interview forms to get deeper understanding about their teaching practices. SPSS 16 and Excel programme were utilized for numerical data analysis while content analysis was applied to interpret and categorize written comments of the participants. The findings provide crucial insights about how to implement brain-based learning methods for the benefits of student teachers in ELT programmes and thus create a learning culture among student teachers to implement such procedures in their future classes.

Developing an Interest in Foreign Language Scale for Pre-School Children

Asude BALABAN DAĞAL, Senem Seda ŞAHENK ERKAN — 2026-07-16

With the influence of globalization and information age in the 21st century, the importance of foreign language is increasing each day. Starting foreign language education in pre-school period increases students’ interests and motivations towards foreign language. It also has a positive influence on their achievement. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale regarding pre-school children’s interest in foreign language activities. Thus, this is a scale development study. 181 pre-school children participated in the study. The study data were collected via pre-school teachers observing foreign language activities. The data were analyzed via SPSS 17.00. Factor analysis and total item correlation were used to analyze the data. Validity and reliability analyses included factor analysis, item analysis, internal consistency, and inter-factor correlation analyses. Moreover, test-retest reliability was employed to measure the invariance of the scale in time. For all the statistical operations within the study, The significance level was taken as 0.05. According to the study results, “The Scale for the Interest of Children Aged 60 to 72 Months in Foreign Language” is comprised of 2 sub-dimensions. The internal consistency of natural interest, the first sub-dimension of the scale, was found to be .97 while the internal consistency of eagerness, the second sub-dimension of the scale, was found to be .73. The study results indicate that the scale developed for pre-school children’s interest in foreign language activities is valid and reliable.

Investigation of Introduction Activities in Secondary School Math Lessons

Hasan Güner BERKANT, Ali İNCECİK — 2026-07-16

At the beginning of the lesson an effective entrance is important for the students' permanent motivation, attention, and eagerness to learn. During the lessons, teachers are supposed to draw attention, motivate, let the students know about objectives, and transit to lesson affectively. Especially in some lessons such as math, students need extra motivation and attention to get the gains of the course content. Because math is perceived by some students as a lesson that is hard to learn. Thus math teachers have to strive to draw students' attention and motivate them. In this context the general purpose of this study is to investigate the entrance activities in math lessons.The sample of the study consists of 16 math teachers who work in eight secondary schools located Dulkadiroğlu and Onikişubat districts. This is a qualitative study and based on phenomological design. The data were collected by using observation and interview methods and analyzed by descriptive and content analysis techniques. The results show that according to math teachers planning the lesson is important but they do not teach their lessons by planning. It is also found that math teachers do not spend time enough on entrance of the lesson, most of them don't draw students' attention, some of them don't motivate students and let them know about the objectives and they abide by course books in planning and implementing the entrance activities. In this study, some proposals have been put forward to increase the effectiveness of entrance activities towards the math teachers and researchers about lesson entrance part activities of math lesson teaching process.

Gender in Proverbs and Idioms Reflecting Turkish Vocabulary

Erkan ÇER, Ertuğrul ŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

Proverbs and idioms present the subconscious of the dominant culture and a small universe of the gender role conception, these types of formulaic expressions may affect the child’s and adult’s self-esteem, gender identity and social role. The purpose of this study was to reveal how gender roles in the proverbs and idioms reflecting Turkish vocabulary. Data in this study were gathered through document reviewing and they were processed through content analysis. After examining the proverbs, the role of the female, in a social sexist conception, was reflected as (the highest) dependent 43 (% 16.3), as a sexual object 40 (% 15.2), as passive 38 (% 14.4), as attractive in physical appearance 18 (% 6.8), and the role of the male was reflected as dominant 26 (% 16.3), potent 20 (% 13) and active 19 (% 12). With respect to idioms, the role of the female was reflected as a sexual object 96 (% 20) (the highest), as physically attractive 68 (% 14), as passive 42 (% 8.6), as dependent 40 (% 8.2), and the role of the male was reflected as aggressive in sexual sense 63 (% 13.1) (the highest), as dominant 68 (% 57), as active 42 (% 9.8) and as potent 40 (% 8.8). Consequently, proverbs and idioms depicts women and man in different gender roles, teachers should emphasize gender roles in the formation of these words and should help the students to develop egalitarian attitudes.

The Effect of Using Poetry in Group Counseling on the Trusting Others Levels of University Students

Ersun ÇIPLAK — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of using poetry in group counseling on the trusting others levels of university students. To achieve this general aim, answers were sought to the following questions in the research process: 1. Is there a statistically significant difference between participants’ “Scale of Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships Trusting Others Subscale (DIRS-TOS)” pretest and posttest averages? 2. Is there a statistically significant difference between participants’ “DIRS-TOS” pretest and posttest averages in the control group which no experimental process implemented? Pretest posttest control group experimental design was used in this study. The experimental group consisted of 14 and control group consisted of 16 applicant students who wish to participate in the study on a voluntary basis in Cukurova University Counseling Unit. "Scale of Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships (SDIR) Trusting Others Subscale" as pretest and posttest were applied to the experimental and control groups. Group counseling (12 sessions) was applied to experimental group. As a result, the findings showed that using poetry in psychological counseling has no significant effect on the trusting others levels of university students. Additionally, there has not been determined a significant difference between pretests-posttest averages of the control group which the experimental procedures hasn’t applied. The research findings were discussed adhering to the literature and recommendations are presented for future research and practice.

A Phenomenological Perspective of Candidate Classroom Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs for Science Teaching

Alper ÇORAPÇIGİL, Mehmet Akif HAYAL , Ensar AYDIN — 2026-07-16

In this research, it was aimed to investigate the self-efficacy beliefs of candidate classroom teachers in teaching science and the differences of the beliefs of candidate classroom teachers with high beliefs and low beliefs. In this context, "Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Classroom Teachers in Teaching Science" scale adapted to Turkish by Bıkmaz (2002) was applied on 50 4th grade candidate classroom teachers studying the spring term of the academic year 2014-2015 who were chosen by simple random sampling method. In line with the obtained data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 10 candidate teachers, 5 of which has the highest beliefs score and 5 of which had the lowest beliefs score for the compare of the reasons of between candidates classroom teachers’ self efficacy beliefs for science teaching . There is a significant difference between these candidate teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs for science teaching scores. After that, for investigating the reasons of this difference, the semi-structed interview was conducted with each candidate classroom teachers who had the lowest and highest score. Interview form has been prepared by the researchers and the opinion of three experts were taken. Interviews with the candidate teachers were analyzed by descriptiveanalysis with open coding. Firstly, each researcher was analyzed these interviews i

Investigation of Teacher Perceptions Regarding Problems Encountered in Implementation of Performance Task Used in Elementary 4TH and 5TH Grade

Mehmet DEMİRYÜREK, Uğur BAŞBOĞAOĞLU — 2026-07-16

This study was designed to investigate the problems encountered in implementation of performance task, reveal whether the performance task contributes to students’ knowledge and skills, and determine both of positive and negative effects of performance task according to teachers’ opinions. The study is descriptive research that aims to identify issues related to subject and provides solutions for them. Data was collected using survey. The stratified sampling method was used to determine the sample. The sampling consists of 388 4th and 5th-grade elementary school teachers. The data was gathered by researcher through a two-dimensional scale previously, and SPSS was used to analyze the data. A systematic method was adopted in order to reveal teachers’ opinions for the analysis; percentage, frequency and mean were calculated, and the distribution of data has been presented. The dimension of knowledge and skills indicated that the performance task does not develop students’ knowledge and skills; the teachers has not had enough information to apply the task, thus the performance task was not conducted properly according to its purpose. The dimension of motivation showed that the implementation of performance task has been experienced difficulties because of overcrowded classrooms; schools have not had enough documents to implement them. However, the performance task increases students’ motivation towards courses and improve students’ self-confidence. It should have given informative courses or seminars to teachers to perform efficiently the task, students and parents should be aware by providing necessary equipment in schools.

The Relationship Between The Various Variables Of The Situations Of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Of The Turkish Teacher Candidates

Tazegül DEMİR ATALAY — 2026-07-16

This study aims to determine what level of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) of Turkish teacher candidates and to examine the relationship between the levels of technological pedagogical content knowledge of students with different variables. The research that want to put the current situation was carried out by descriptive research model of quantitative research methods. The study was conducted with a total of 264 students who are studying at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade in Turkish education department of the Caucasus University Faculty of Education in 2015-2016 spring semester. Data of the research were obtained using the personal information form and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale (TPCKS) which was adapted to Turkish by Şahin (2011). Data obtained from scales and information of participants were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 20.0 package program. According to the research findings, the following conclusions were reached: Prospectives of teacher candidates for level of technological knowledge for themselves are quite high. in terms of statistical area the arithmetic averages are considered that students stated that they have a little less information than medium level for technological knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. According to gender variable a significant difference shows up within technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, technological content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. This difference is in favor of men in all dimensions. a significant difference according to the situation of teachers have their own computer shows up within technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, technological content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. Consider the arithmetic means the difference is in favor of the students said yes. A significant difference according to easy access to the internet situation variable of teacher candidates shows up within technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, technological content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. This difference is favor of the students who can easily enter the internet. According to the situation of mother’s education content knowledge of teacher candidates formed a significant difference and this difference is favor of illiterate between illiterate with graduated of primary and high school, is favor of primary school graduate mothers between primary school graduate mothers with high school graduate mother, is favor of college graduate mothers between high school graduate mothers with college graduate mother. According to the scale of technological pedagogical content knowledge class variable determined a significant difference in all dimensions. In almost all the dimensions of this difference is in favor of classes 3 and 4. Father education and graduated high school variables did not cause any significant differences in the dimensions.

Individualistic Innovative Characteristics of Pre-Service Teachers

Sabahattin DENİZ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the pedagogical formation students’ innovative tendencies in relation to different variables. The current study employed descriptive research method. The sampling of the study consists of 254 students randomly selected from among the students attending pedagogical formation program. In order to collect data, the i

Problems Encountered During the Implementation of Curricula and School Administrators’ Opinions as to How to Solve Them

Durak DOĞAN, Nuriye SEMERCİ — 2026-07-16

With the advent of new century, the countries’ perception of power and wealth has changed and thus science and technology has become the new power. Education is one of the main factors that constitute this power. While doing this, education is nourished by two sources: Curricula and education staff. Therefore, in order to attain the desired success, it is necessary to identify and solve problems that we meet during the implementation of curricula quickly. It is very important for the school administrators to have enough time to spare and correct perspective to reach this success. In this research, we aimed to put forward the school administrators’ duties and responsibilities during the implementation of curricula from their own viewpoints. By using the interview method, one of qualitative research methods, we tried to clarify the problems that the school administrators encounter during the implementation of curricula and how they solve them, according to the views of 17 school administrators. In order to make the research more concrete, we used “case study”, one of the qualitative research design and we chose the school administrators according to “maximum variation sampling method”, one of the purposeful sampling methods”. The semi-structured interview questions were asked to the participants, which enabled them to express themselves freely, thereby giving more detailed information. Also, we made “content analysis” by using Nvivo programme in order to make the relations among the findings obtained clearer and increase the intelligibility of the findings by collecting similar ones within certain themes and concepts. According to the research, the school administrators believe that most of the problems are caused by the implementers(teachers and administrators) during the implementation of curricula and they prefer school meetings so as to solve the problems. Moreover, they think that one of the most important problems is that both the school administrators and teachers do not have enough knowledge about the curricula. So, the school administrators and teachers should be given in-service courses related to the implementation process of curricula.

Hermeneutical and Education-Sociological Analysis of Book of Named The Little Prince (Le Petit Prince).

Süleyman DOĞAN — 2026-07-16

This study has analyzed Antoine de Saint Exupery’s final book Little Prince published in 1943 from Hermeneutical perspective. The study does not limit itself with the surface meaning of the book and studies it in a critical way. Hence, recommendations of activities that paves the way students to unfold their free wills and potential strengths and think in a versatile dimension. Part 21 of the book Little Prince, which was adapted according to the Teacher Guide for the 5th Grade Turkish Course of the Ministry of Education, will be studied in hermeneutical perspective. Furthermore, deep structure studies to be conducted on this text, which has been studied in analyzing and critical thinking methods will acquire different perspectives to instructive facilities of the tales and analysis of the text in student oriented ways. This study attempted to discuss circumstances created within the text itself critically.

Teachers’ View on the Use of Interactive White Board in Terms of Transformative Learning Theory

Vildan DONMUŞ, Ezlam PEPELER — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to get teachers’ view on the use of interactive white board.in the context of transformative learning theory. Research was formed by using the qualitative rese-arch methods. Phenomenologic method was used in this study.The participants of the study are 19 teachers in 2013-2014 academic year in Elazig City Center in Turkey. For data collection tool, Learning Activities Interview Form" developed by King(2009) and adapted to Turkish by the Feriver Gezer (2010) was used after having been adapted for interactive white board. Analysis related to the interview forms was carried out in a qualitative way. Analysis related to the interview forms was carried out in a qualitative way. Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis was conducted. Considering the results obtained from the research findings, it was concluded that all teachers were involved in the transformation display. When the size of teac-hers in the use of interactive whiteboards is evaluated, the majority of the teachers have trans-formation for other reasons while nearly half of the teachers have transformation related with in-service training. In order to determine the teachers’ transformative learning experience potential, the questioning reason of their past behaviour and repeated evaluation of past decisi-ons is to learn whether they have reflective learning. In this context, it has been concluded that most of the teachers have reflective learning. It is determined that among the people who facili-tate teachers’ usage of interactive whiteboards are students, teachers themselves, trainers and other teachers. Tasks that facilitate the transformation of teachers using interactive whitebo-ards are training activities, untraditional education structure and measurement and evaluation. Considering the findings of teacher feelings about the transformation of interactive whiteboard usage, it is concluded that at the beginning, teachers are thrilled with the transformation, then they have feelings about not having concerns, sustainability, happiness, confidence, intense using, curiosity, student’s laziness, fear, positive renewal, obligation and awareness. Based on the findings of the activities that can be done to facilitate the use of interactive whiteboards transformation of teachers, it is concluded that teachers mostly ask for courses which are designed according to branches.

Values Education Based on Narration in the “Masnavi” of Mevlana

Gülşah DURMUŞ — 2026-07-16

The aim of the study, (18 volume Şerh-i Mesnevî, first 14 of which were done by Tahirü’l Mevlevi and the last 4 volumes by Şefik Can) is to determine the texts based on narration in Şerh-i Mesnevî and the messages wanted to be expressed by these texts and finding out the basic values which are wanted to be avoided and adopted by scrutinizing how these texts which are consciously assembled by Mevlânâ, are used as a teaching values method. In the study by using descriptive scanning model and close reading aproach, text is read based on –partly society and the author- centered and totally 450 texts, as 370 main and the rest 80 of them for saying parable, are determined with their coupled numbers that placed in the work. The determined texts based on narrate were parted to episodes which is accepted as the smallest action unit and ‘the messages wanted to be expressed’ of each text is found out. In the Teaching Values in Texts based on Narration in Mesnevî part constituting the base of the study, for analyzing the data systematic analyzing method is applied, and by starting out from the texts discussing the same values based on narration and it is tried to be determined how this values were taught and what their means were. In Şerh-i Mesnevî 26 values which are wanted to be adapted as religious and sufistic values, love, diligence, secrecy, knowledge and wisdom, regret, modesty and munificence, and 43 values which are wanted to be avoided as haughtiness, being blind with wordly goods, cruelty, hate and revenge; greed and trick. At the end of the study it is suggested to use the texts based on narration in Şerh-i Mesnevî, for acquisition of the four basic language skills in Turkish education, grammar, drama activities and basic universal and humane values.

Examining the Educational Internet Use Self-Sufficiency Beliefs and Modern Teacher Characteristics of Formation Program Prospective Teachers

Fevzi DURSUN — 2026-07-16

Goal of the study is to identify self-sufficiency beliefs of students graduating from the pedagogical formation educational program towards the educational internet use and their perception of the modern teacher characteristics, as well as to identify the relations between their perceptions and achievements. Screening model was used as the method of this study. During the study, prospective teachers were initially given questions about their personal situations, then the "educational internet use self-sufficiency beliefs scale" and the "modern teacher characteristics scale" were implemented. Data analysis; frequency (f) and percentages (%) were presented with the help of tables and arithmetic average and standard deviation points, independent groups t test, one directional variance analysis were used. Relations between academic success and educational internet use, modern teacher characteristics and success were analyzed using the Pearson correlation. Workgroup; study was conducted with 314 participants enrolled in the formation program at the Gaziosmanpasa University during 2014-2015 academic years, who participated in the survey voluntarily. When (28 articles) related to the educational internet use of prospective teachers graduating from the formation program are examined, it is observed that article averages vary between the lowest of 2.70 and highest of 4.16; whereas, when (18 articles) related to findings in perceptions related to modern teacher characteristics, article averages vary between the lowest of 3.84 and highest of 4.20. No significant difference was found between the age, sex, owning a computer, internet usage frequency and internet usage session length variables and the perceptions of modern teacher characteristics. It was found that students graduating from the formation program have a general grade average above 75.

The Effect Of The Family On The Academic Performance Of The Main Tongue Education In The First Stage Of Primary Schools

Kadriye GENCERMustafa Çetin — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study, to research the effect of the family on the academic performance of the main tongue education in the first stage of primary schools. Therefore, this study is conducted on both teachers and parents of the students. The sampling in this study is composed of by the teachers and parents of 100 students in 4 discrete classes in a private primary school in Istanbul for the academic term of 2015-2016. Education level and professions of the parents of those students are totally different from each other. Survey to the teachers and parents of the students is prefered as a data collecting tool. Nevertheless, the survey is evaluated together with the teachers of the students in order to analyze their opinions deeply on this subject. The data is analyzed by means of SPSS. Each one of the article in the survey is compared from the point of both parent and teacher in the facts and the comments part and observed that views are similar to each other. The results ended up in this survey from the answers of both teachers and parents are like below: 1.The family is the main factor in academic performance of the student as well as child development. 2.In mother tongue education, the academic performance of a student supported by the family is higher. 3.To get the success for those students who are supported by their family in corporation and communication with the school and the teacher looks more easier. 4.Being indifferent to the student by the family is one of the factors of the failure of the student. 5.The academic performance of a student who has a problematic family structure is lower than the one who grows up in a healthy family environment.

The Relationship Between Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Math Anxiety Levels And Their Metacognitive Awareness

Yasin GÖKBULUT, Murat AKDAĞ — 2026-07-16

In this research, the relationship between preservice elementary teachers’ math anxiety levels and their metacognitive awareness was investigated in terms of some variables. The study group was determined using convenient sampling technique. The study group of the research composed of 356 students of three different state universities in Marmara, Central Black Sea and Eastern Black Sea Region studying during 2012-2013 academic year. This research was designed as a correlational study which investigates the relationship between two variables without intervention. In the research, Metacognition Scale 30 was used tocollect data about the levels of participants’ metacognitive awareness. This scale was developed by Cartwright-Halton and Wells (2004), and its short form was generated by Wells and Cartwright-Halton (2008). The adaptation of the scale into Turkish and its validity and reliability study were done by Tosun and Irak (2008). Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale short form of Baloğlu (2005) which was developed from the original 98 item “Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale of Suinn (1972) was used in order to measure the math anxiety. In the analysis section, correlation and one way variance analysis (ANOVA) were used. As a result of the study; it is determined that the math anxiety levels of the students differed significantly in terms of the universities they study at. However, no significant difference was observed in their metacognitive awareness levels in terms of university. Moreover, it was determined that there is a significant positive relationship between the preservice elementary teachers’ math anxiety levels and their metacognitive awareness.

The Impact of Micro Instruction Method on Writing Anxiety and Written Expression Skills of Students

Mehmet Nuri KARDAŞ — 2026-07-16

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of micro instruction method on Turkish written expression skills and Turkish writing anxiety of the students. For this purpose, an experimental model with control group based on pretest posttest measurements, one of the quantitative research models. Study groups included 27 8th grade students that attended a public school in Van province during 2015 – 2016 academic year. The experiments were conducted for 12 weeks with the test (n = 12) and control (n = 15) groups, determined by arbitrary assignment. Results of the study could be summarized as follows: While there were no differences between the test and control groups based on pretest Turkish written expression skills and Turkish writing anxiety scores (p > 0.05), there was a significant difference between the posttest scores favoring the test group where micro instruction was implemented. Accordingly; It was determined that there was a statistically significant (p: .000 ? 0.05; t: 8.060) between the test and control group Turkish written expression skill posttest findings favoring the test group. It was determined that there was a statistically significant (p: .000 ? 0.05; t: 3.712) between the test and control group Turkish writing anxiety posttest findings favoring the test group. Based on the results, it was determined that, in both the development of students’ Turkish written expression skills and minimizing their Turkish writing anxiety, micro instruction method provided more successful results when compared to the activities of Turkish Curriculum towards the related learning area. When appropriate learning environment is created, implementation of micro instruction in learning area of written expression would promote intended outcomes.

The Importance of Learning Ability and Desire in the Learning Process of Students Who are Learning German as a Foreign Language

Çiğdem KIRCA, Zeki KARAKAYA — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to indicate the importance of learning desire and ability especially in learning process of German as a foreign language. Besides, the necessity of strategy according to i

The Investigation of the Effect of the Authentic Assessment Approach on Prospective Teachers’ Cooperative Decision-Making Willingness

İsmail KİNAY, Birsen BAĞÇECİ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the activities, which are based on the authentic assessment approach applied in the Scientific Research Methods, on the cooperative decision-making willingness. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group model is used in this research. The study groups of the research consist of second year prospective teachers in the department of Classroom Teaching at Dicle University, Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty in the Spring Semestre of the Academic Year 2014–2015. Two classes are appointed neutrally, one (B class) as experiment group the second (A class) as control group. The experimental group consists of 42 (21 female and 21 male) prospective teachers and control group consists of 44 (27 female and 17 male) prospective teachers. As one prospective teachers did not participate in the post test in the control group, the evaluations were made on findings based on 43 students. ‘’Decision-Making Collaboration Scale’’ consisting of 13 items which were designed by Anderson, Martin and Infante (1998) and were adapted to Turkish by Kıcı (2012a) was used as the data collection tool. The percentages and frequencies of the features about the personal information of the prospective teachers taking part in the experimental and control groups were calculated. The arithmetic mean and the standart deviation of the pre-test and post-test points which the experimental and control groups took from the data collection tool were calculated. Independent-Samples T-Test was used to find out whether there was a meaningful differentation between the pre-test and post-test points. Paired-Samples T-Test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test points which both the experimental and control groups took from the data collection tools. At the end of study it is found that applications based on authentic assessment approach are more effective in increasing the willingness of prospective teachers for cooperative decision making when compared to traditional teaching and assessment.

Perspective of Social Studies Teachers Learning Outcomes of the Evaluation

Erol KOÇOĞLU, Özkan AKMAN — 2026-07-16

Social studies, a discipline that incorporates knowledge of the different gains from each other by fusing together the skills and values given, the teacher in the process of learning students transferring meaning them is a workspace area base. This workspace gains when determining the gain of the main goals of discipline and achievement that was prepared for the contents to be presented to the students organized in the framework of the principle of relativity students. The purpose of this research, social studies teacher in the perspective of the candidate is evaluated in terms of achievements of the course. The research group constitutes Inonu and Firat University Faculty of Education social studies teacher continued his education majors in 100 social studies teachers. The views of social studies teachers were taken with semi structured interview consisting of open ended questions. The obtained data were analyzed utilizing qualitative data analysis techniques. When the findings of the research examined social information on the achievements of the teaching departments in studying teachers of social studies, they have different perceptions of each other and show that they justify this in different ways from each other. Teacher candidates' responses to the questions contained in the form of talks and the creation of model analysis was used for NVivo 11. Coding was created in line with the consensus of researchers. Established the working group in studies of social studies teachers learning products (gain) for the perception of general purpose, value and showing that the findings were expressed in a variety of themes related to skills.

Opinions and Recommendations of Turkish Teachers Regarding the Use of Games and Toys in Turkish Courses as Educational Materials

Seval KORUCU, Yasemin KURTLU — 2026-07-16

The purpose of education is improving cognitive, affective, social and psychomotor skills of the children. Education should be planned with approaches, methods and techniques that will attract the attention of children and proper materials should be used accordingly for multifaceted development of children. Language is defined as an abstract concept by the researchers. Materializing an abstract concept with games and toys is an issue that needs to be discussed. Therefore, practices and recommendations of Turkish teachers regarding teaching Turkish are considered to be investigated. In this study, the aim is to determine and evaluate the opinions and recommendations of Turkish teachers regarding the use of games and toys in Turkish courses as educational materials. For this purpose, a total of 17 Turkish teachers composed of 10 women and 7 men working in the City of Erzurum were selected as samples of the study by using purposeful sampling method. In the study, teachers' opinions were identified by descriptive research approach. A semi-structured interview form was used to determine the opinions of teachers. The interview form consists of three sections as description, demographics and interview questions (8 questions). 20-minute interviews were conducted with teachers and these interviews were recorded and the data obtained were subjected to both descriptive and content analyses by expert researchers in the field of Turkish language. Categories were created by comparing the results and results are presented in tables. According to the results of the study, it is determined that the use of games and toys as educational materials in Turkish course is limited to the area of learning grammar only; and they cannot be used a lot especially in the areas such as reading, writing and visual reading among reading, listening, writing, speaking and visual reading areas. According to these results, it can be suggested that it is necessary to design and investigate educational games and toys for all learning areas in the education of Turkish language and training teachers about these materials with in-service training courses is also important.

A Valid and Reliable Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale Devoloping Research: Example of Cell Divisions Topic

Mücahit KÖSE, Mahmut SELVİ — 2026-07-16

This study aims to develop a valid, reliable pedagogical content knowledge scale about cell

Evaluating Disaster Education and Training Programs at the Level of Undergraduate Degree in the World and Turkey Sample

İlknur MAYA, Cüneyt ÇALIŞKAN — 2026-07-16

This research has been conducted in order to evaluate the emergency relief/aid and disaster undergraduate education programs at higher education level in the world and the “Emergency and Disaster Management” undergraduate program which was founded in 2005 for the first time in Turkey. Since the study aims at evaluating the emergency relief/aid and disaster education programs at higher education level in the world and in Turkey along with grouping these programs in their own right, making a comparative analysis by giving their numbers across countries and continents and examining the Turkish programs, the study is in scanning model. The method used in this research is the document analysis. The research data were obtained from the Google Search Engine through the key words which are in English “emergency managemet, emergency relief/aid and disaster management” and in Turkish “emergency management, emergency relief/aid and disaster management” along with “The College List” which are published on FEMA between the dates of 10.09.2014-20.09.2015. In the study, graduate level degree-granting programs related to emergency relief and disaster management were included. Thus, the entire degree programs in accordance with the keywords constitute the scope of the investigation. Since the documents have been obtained from the official websites in this study, the validity and the reliability of the data are said to be high. In this study, all over the world, ninety-three graduate-level program related to disaster and emergency assistance were found. Of all those, 80,6% is in the emergency relief/aid and/or disaster management, 10,8% is internal security/defense, terrorism and emergency situations, 7.5% is public health, medical conditions and 1,1% is the international rescue and disaster relief/humanitarian assistance programs. As a conclusion, in the field of the emergency relief/aid and disaster management around the world, United States American, Australia, Bangladesh, England, Spain, Canada, Kenya, New Zealand and Zimbabwe train labor force under the different programs at the level of undergraduate. Turkey provide qualified labor force in this field through the emergency relief/aid and disaster management training at the degree of undergraduate.

Educational Environment and Cultural Transmission in Foreign Language Teaching

Muhammet MEMİŞ — 2026-07-16

Foreign language teaching is not to teach grammar and vocabulary of the target language and to gain basic language skills only. Foreign language teaching is teaching of the language’s culture at the same time. Because of language and community develop and shape together, learning, understanding and speaking a foreign language literally requires that one is able to think like the society that speaks the language natively. This is only possible with learning the culture that shaped the language. Teaching Turkish to foreigners should be put into practice in an environment that Turkish culture is being explained, reflected and lived because a person who learns a foreign language learns a new culture as well. Due to elements that constitute culture are enormous and multifarious, during teaching period, it is not possible to transmit all the elements that shaped Turkish culture, via course material and lessons only. One of the most important aims of foreign language teaching is to teach culture of the target language. Like all other educational environment, foreign language educational environments are supposed to be organized in accordance with its educational aims. Based on this, providing enriched environment with cultural components in educational environment is important. In this context, structuring educational environment with cultural elements can be used as a tool to confront learners with Turkish culture. In this study, relationship between language and culture is mentioned, cultural transmission and its importance in foreign language teaching are accentuated, the role of foreign language educational environments in cultural transmission is discussed and some suggestions about how arranging educational environment can be used as a tool in cultural transmission are given.

Social Studies Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of the Effects of Social Media Usage on Values

Sibel OĞUZ HAÇAT, Ufuk SÖZCÜ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of social media usage on the attitudes towards values by determining the level of candidates of social study teachers. In the research, descriptive methods were used. The sample is constituted by 143 (57%) women and 108 (43%) of the men, including 251 students of the University of Kastamonu, Faculty of Education Department of Social Studies Teaching. the creation of working groups, easily accessible way for sampling is one of the sampling method is selected.Polat and Eren’s (2013) survey “The Values and Approaches of Teacher Candidates Regarding Social Media” was employed for data collection. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test. Data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS statistics 20 program. Social networking often results in teachers having used the social network every day of 76,5%, the social network during the day, mostly used in 3 hours and 30 minutes, the number of friends on social networks were found to be among the most 0- 300 people. According to the results of their social networking time teacher candidates is more than five years, it is seen that the majority of the candidates use social networks. According to the preferences and values of teacher candidates in order of importance as a result, he has chosen the values of patriotism, most teachers at all grade levels. The analysis concluded that teacher candidates view social media not as an area of freedom and anonymity but a source of information

Communication Skills and Self-Compassion Levels of Teacher Candidates

Bahar Mete OTLU, Deniz EKİNCİ VURAL , Necla ŞAHİN FIRAT — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to examine the communication skills and self-compassion levels of teacher candidates and to make suggestions in view of the obtained data. Accordingly, it was aimed to examine the subject matter deeply by using together the qualitative and quantitative methods. The population of the research is composed of the teacher candidates studying at Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey. The sampling of the quantitative dimension of the research is composed of 498 teacher candidates who are studying at senior classes of 14 different under-graduate programs of Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylül University and who have been chosen through stratified sampling. According to the findings obtained at the end of the study, the communication skills of teacher candidates were observed to differ in accordance with their departments; on the other hand, both their communication skills and their self-compassion levels were observed to differ according to their perceived personality types. Accordingly, the self compassion scale’ score averages of those perceiving themselves to be timid and assertive are observed to be higher than those who perceive themselves as aggressive. Depending on this finding, it is understood that the ones who have the lowest communication skills level are those teacher candidates perceiving themselves to be aggressive. Qualitative results support quantitative results. Besides, in the consequence of the study, it was observed that there is a relationship between communication and self-compassion.

High School Students' Attitudes Toward Biology Course

Serap ÖZBAŞ — 2026-07-16

This study examined high school students’ attitudes towards biology lesson in North Cyprus. The participant of this study were 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grade high school students from three diferent kinds of school grouped under state, science department, Anatolian High School in Nicosia. The data collected through Biology Attitude questionnare which was developed by Arıcak and Ilgaz in 2007. To confirm the results obtained from the one-dimensional scale which contains 17 items and four - point Likert type scale was used to measure student’s answers. The scale was administered 180 volunteer high school students. Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was calculated as 0,85. Also, item discrimination and item-total correlation were examined. The results demonstrate that students have positive attitude towards Biology courses. Students have been accepted to some views like “I'm interested in biology class”, “Biology course is a fun course”. Also students have been accepted to some views like “Biology is a courses to be memorized”. However students have not been accepted some views like “Biology courses is boring”. The findings are consistent with the view that female and male students' attitudes shows that their average mean is close and there is no significant different towards Biology course. Similar results also caried out that there is no significance difference according to students type of high school and grade levels.

The Investigation of University Students’ Critical Thinking Tendencies and Scientific Attitudes in Terms of Different Variables

Serpil PEKDOĞAN, Adem BAYAR — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to investigate university students’ critical thinking tendencies and scientific attitudes from different variables. In order to reach the aim of this study, the following research questions have been addressed: 1. What are the level of prospective teachers’ critical thinking capabilities and scientific attitudes?, 2. Are statistically prospective teachers’ critical thinking capabilities and scientific attitudes different according to getting science education?, 3. Are statistically prospective teachers’ critical thinking capabilities and scientific attitudes different in terms of having interests on scientific studies?, and 4. Is there any statistically significant relationship between prospective teachers’ critical thinking capabilities and scientific attitudes? The researchers have conducted this study by quantitative research approach. At this point, the researchers have employed survey research technique. The study group of this current research consists of 349 prospective teachers who are studying at the college of education in a public university. 179 of the participants are pursuing their education at the preschool education department and 170 of them are continuing their education at the classroom teaching department. The participants have been selected by simple random sampling method. The data of this study has been collected by “California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory” and “Scientific Attitude Inventory”. The collected data has been analyzed by t-test and Pearson Moments Product Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study has clearly shown that there is a statistically significant relationship between university students’ critical thinking tendencies with scientific attitudes and different variables

Examination of Targets in Preschool Education Programs in Terms of Values

Özkan SAPSAĞLAM — 2026-07-16

Pre-school learning is a very important process in an i

The Studies Related to 7E Learning Cycle Model with Constructivist Approach : Content Analysis Study

Hakan SARAÇ, Halil KUNT — 2026-07-16

The aim of this paper is to investigate national and international researches that are related to 7E Learning Cycle Model with Constructivist approach through content analysis method between the years 2005 and 2016. Totally 75 reserches are obtained in the field of study. From 42 researches in the national field, 13 ones are doctorate thesis, 8 ones are master’s thesis and also the other 21 ones are articles. From 33 researches in the international field, 4 ones are master’s thesis and 29 ones are articles. The researches in the related field of the study are viewed in terms of identification of article, its disciplinary field, the type of scientific research, the kind of 7E Learning Cycle model, the subjectof acquisition, its method, study group as well as data collection tools and data analysis methods through analyzing documents at the end of the whole text reading. The data which is obtained via themes and codes related to study field and research are presented in the tablos byusing frequency and percent age values. At the end of the content analysis, it is seen that the number of researches about 7E cycle model has increased inrecent years. Further more, it is obvious that the researches have generally just one author and take place in Indonesia as well as being used more in Science courses. Their effect on learning products are investigated through 7E learning cycle model and these researches are carried out more in secondary and highschools. In the researches, achievement and attitude-interesttests are general used as data collection tool. It is seen that predictive and descriptive data analysis are frequently utilized.

The Development of Critical Thinking Disposition Scale (CTDH): Study on the Revision of Validity and Reliability

Nuriye SEMERCİ — 2026-07-16

The critical thinking, which is considered as a factor making it easier to reach and comprehend the information, is one of the desired outcomes of the education. It can be said that disposition of being systematic, flexibility, patience, open-meaning, metacognition (how to think), reconstruction, motivation and discussion are some of the critical thinking characteristics and skills. This research aims to develop a critical thinking disposition (CTHD) scale. The survey method was used in this research. Draft scale was administered to 1081 prospective teachers and teachers in order to develop. Implementation was applied in Bartin University (226), Bulent Ecevit University (218), Kilis 7 Mart University (213) and Van province (424 teachers). According to the factor analyses results, KMO value of the CTHD scale is 0.972 and the Bartlett test value is 25990.380 (Df =1176, p=0.000). It is shown that variance of the scale is 49.161%. Factor loadings range from 0.33 to 0.71. The scale can be used as a multi-dimensional. Sub-themes of the scale are metacognition, flexibility, systematicity, tenacity-patience and open-mindedness. There are a total of 49 items in the scale. Evaluation of the scale was like this: "I totally agree (5), I mostly agree (4), I partially agree (3), I mostly disagree (2), I strongly disagree (1)". Test-retest was done for this scale. The correlation of test-retest was 0.761. This result has been accepted 0.01 and it was meaningful. In the scale, it was figured out that the correlation between parallel two half scores was 0.95. The coefficient of Cronbach Alpha of the CTHD scale was also calculated. From here, the final taken result was 0.963. It was provided to validity and reliability of the scale of CTHD and the confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS program was performed (Chi-square=2778.981, Df=1073, GFI=0.903, CFI=0.932, RMSEA=0.038). According to these results, the scale can be applied to teachers and teacher candidates.

The Effect of Teaching Narrative Text Structure on Writing Anxiety of 6th Grade Students

Süleyman Erkam SULAK, Hasan Basri KANSIZOĞLU , Ömer KEMİKSİZ — 2026-07-16

This research aims to detect the effect of teaching narrative text structures on writing anxiety levels of students. The design used in the research is an experimental design with a pretest and posttest matched control group. The research group consists of 105 6th grade students (Ntest=55, Ncontrol=50) from two secondary schools (Hendekyanı Secondary School, İMKB Secondary School) affiliated to Bartın Provincial Directorate for National Education. Daly-Miller Writing Anxiety Scale was adapted in Turkish by Özbay and Zorbaz (2011) and used in the research pursuant to validity and reliability studies. IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 program was used to analyze the obtained data. T-test was used for the correlated samples and t-test statistics were used for uncorrelated samples. At the end of t-test conducted for uncorrelated samples in order to reveal whether teaching text structures has a statistically significant effect on writing anxiety levels of 6th grade students; a significant difference (p<.05) was found in favor of test group between posttest score means of test group (Xtest= 99,62) and control group (Xcontrol= 93,0). This finding is interpreted as a positive, significant effect of teaching text structures on writing anxiety levels of students. The effect size on writing anxiety levels was found in small level, yet closer to medium level (Cohend=0.42, Hedgeg=0.416, Vg=0.039).

An Analysis of Teacher Candidates’ Metaphors for Instructors from Different Fields: a Focus on Educational Philosophies

Hasan Hüseyin ŞAHAN, Rukiye TARHAN — 2026-07-16

The present study intends to identify teacher candidates’ metaphorical perception of instructors from different fields as to their educational philosophies. It is a qualitative study employing phenomenological design. A total of 328 teacher candidates who underwent pedagogical formation training in Balıkesir University Necatibey Faculty of Education participated in the study. The fundamental reason why the teacher candidates in the pedagogical formation training group were selected for the study group is that they had taken courses from all three instructor groups: field instructors, field education instructors, and educational science instructors. This is a qualitative study using phenomenological research design. A tool called “Metaphor Form” was used to collect data. The participants were asked to generate metaphors related to instructors representing different fields and explain their rationale. The invalid instruments were eliminated, and ultimately, data collected from 98 metaphor forms were analyzed by content analysis. Indeed, 98 metaphors were produced for each of the instructor groups that were the focus of the study. Analysis of data derived from these metaphors showed that field instructors predominantly prefer traditional approaches to education (perennialism and essentialism philosophies), and educational science instructors prefer modern approaches to education (progressivism and reconstructionism philosophies). Field education instructors, however, were found to employ both approaches, i.e. all four educational philosophies to a certain extent. As the educational philosophy adopted has an influential role in the planning and implementation of instruction, it should be ensured that progressivism and reconstructionism, which have an increasing popularity especially among field instructors and field education instructors, are embraced more widely among instructors.

The Analysis of Teacher Opinions on Measurement and Assessment Practices Through Metaphor

Mehmet TAŞDEMİR, Figen TAŞDEMİR — 2026-07-16

This study aims to reveal how prospective teachers define the measurement and assessment practices, the measurement and assessment practices in the schools of ministry of education and the importance of the measurement and assessment education during higher education. With this study it is tried to reveal views of prospective teachers on measurement and assessment in schools through the metaphors they produce. This research is a descriptive research and a case study using qualitative data collection techniques. In this study the qualitative data were obtained by interviews. The study group is determined by homogenous sampling, one of purposeful sampling methods. The study group is formed with 4th grade students (N: 263) registered in various teacher training programs in the spring semester of 2014-2015 academic year. In this study semi-structured interview form is used as a data collection tool. Reporting the collected data in detail and describing how to get the results by researchers are among the important criteria of validity in qualitative research in crosscheck of validity/credibility and reliability/consistency. The stated opinions of participants with semi-structured and open-ended questions are analysed with descriptive analysis technique, each stated opinions are listed by forming necessary themes. In this study the participants largely load a positive sense (66%) to measurement practises. Students while expressing measurement and assessment processes that contributes the quality of education as a sacrifice requiring action, they also think that these practices should be a well-organized, a well-functioning system like a real system (human body, a machine). However, considering the produced metaphors and given meanings of participants, in a significant proportion (34%), measurement practices in applied way are portrayed in a negative feature as encouraging poor quality, generating intimidation-fear, made with deceptive methods, performing a rote and routine operations.

An Alternative Measurement and Assessment Method for Elementary Turkish Education: Word Association Test (WAT)

Ahmet TAŞDERE, Mehmet Fatih KAYA — 2026-07-16

Purpose of thıs study, is to investigate cognitive structure of fourth grade, regarding the the Health theme as a part of Turkısh course through Word Association Test(WAT). To investigate that, WAT was used as a data collection tool for diagnose cognitve structure and conceptual change of pupıls, both before and after Health course. Seven keywords such as Health, Body, Pharmacy, Microbe, Doctor, Vaccine, Medicine were submitted to 28 pupıls fourth grade to generate a word for each keyword during in a certain period of time. Data was saved in a frequence table in light of each keywords and generated words. After that concept maps were drawn for revealing cognitive structure of pupıls. In thıs maps, reletions and connections of each keywords and generated words were revealed. Based on findings, the greater number of words were generated at end of the course(post-WAT) for each keywords when compared with beggining of the course(pre-WAT). In concept map which was drawn at te beggining of the course, some concepts and have words revealed as a unrelated and unconnected. In contrast with, concept maps drawn at the end of the course, these concepts and generated words were revealed more related and complex than tje beggining. According to these findings, it can be said that cognitive structure of pupıls’ were more complex and developed after course. Consequently, some suggestions and results were presented usability of WAT in particular context of Turkısh Education and as general alternative meusurement and assesment tecniuqes.

Analysing the Variables that Predict Secondary School Pupils’ Perceptions of the School Climate

Ömer Faruk TAVŞANLI, Kenan BİRGÜL , Aynur OKSAL — 2026-07-16

It is clearly seen that the very first studies on the concept of organization are to do with the definition of the concept of organization and identification of its dimensions and factors. Subsequently, all the factors that had an effect on the concept of organization began to be i

Evaluations of Prospective Teachers According to Their Attitudes towards Teaching Profession and Technopedagogic Content Knowledge Competencies

Murat TUNCER, Ferdi BAHADIR — 2026-07-16

The general aim of this research is to evaluate of prospective teachers in terms of their technopedagogic content competencies and teaching attitudes. Within this context, it was reviewed whether the opinions devoted to both dependent variables show a significant difference or not in terms of sex, class, having a personal computer, computer use frequency and perceived income level. Besides that, it was tried to determine at which level and which direction there is correlation between TPACK and ATTP with relational analyses. The research was carried out according to relational screening method. The research environment was formed from Erzincan University Faculty of Education. In the sampling selection, purposeful sampling method was used. According to independent groups t test in which scale of attitude towards teaching profession was compared according to the sex, a significant difference of opinion was determined for the benefit of female prospective teachers in terms of Value, Love sub-dimensions of the scale and whole. A significant difference of opinion was determined at TK, PK, CK, TCK, TPACK sub-dimensions and whole of TPACK scale for the benefit of the prospective teachers who do not have computer. A significant difference of opinion was again determined at TPK, PACK sub-dimensions for the benefit of the prospective teachers. An effect size at medium level was determined at TCK and TPACK sub-dimensions. According to multiple regression analysis, TK, CK and PACK sub-competencies explain 10% of the variance belonging to the attitude scores devoted to the teaching profession. As a result of this research, it was seen that there were positive correlations at various levels between TPACK competencies and ATTP (showing alternation together). This situation may be an advisor to the teachers concerning to the control of variable interaction in the teaching.

The Effect of Cooperative Learning on Learning Styles

Mahmut TUNÇ, Yılmaz GEÇİT — 2026-07-16

This study aims to change the competitive, dependent and avoider styles of learners through the tasks prepared according to explore the cooperative learning jigsaw technique. The study adopted single group pre-test post-test experimental research design. The sample is 21 4th gadre students in Atatürk Primary School in the borough of Eleşkirt in Agri. The data was collected through Personal Information Form and Reichmann Learning Styles Scale. This 5-point likert scale was translated into Turkish by Uzuntiryaki, Bilgin ve Geban (2003). The data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics – mean, frequency – and paired sample t-test. The results showed that the percantages of the learning styles of the sample group in the pre-test were as following: competitive, dependent and cooperative 23.8%; participatory 14.3%, avoider 9.5% and self-directed 4.8%. For the post-test, the results were competitive 9.5%, dependent, 4.8%, cooperative 38.1%, participatory 23.8%, avoider 4.8% and self-directed 19%. The learning styles of the 17 students in the experimental group have changed as a result of the tasks designed according to the cooperative learning in the intervention. Most of the changes are in line with the objectives however there are some which can be considered as unexpected. According to the paired sample t-test results, there is a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results in terms of avodier, competitive and dependent styles (p<.05). However, the results for cooperative, participatory and self-direct styles are insignificant (p>.05). Abstract The Effect Of Cooperative Learning On Learning Styles This study aims to change the competitive, dependent and avoider styles of learners through the tasks prepared according to explore the cooperative learning jigsaw technique. The study adopted single group pre-test post-test experimental research design. The sample is 21 4th gadre students in Atatürk Primary School in the borough of Eleşkirt in Agri. The data was collected through Personal Information Form and Reichmann Learning Styles Scale. This 5-point likert scale was translated into Turkish by Uzuntiryaki, Bilgin ve Geban (2003). The data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics – mean, frequency – and paired sample t-test. The results showed that the percantages of the learning styles of the sample group in the pre-test were as following: competitive, dependent and cooperative 23.8%; participatory 14.3%, avoider 9.5% and self-directed 4.8%. For the post-test, the results were competitive 9.5%, dependent, 4.8%, cooperative 38.1%, participatory 23.8%, avoider 4.8% and self-directed 19%. The learning styles of the 17 students in the experimental group have changed as a result of the tasks designed according to the cooperative learning in the intervention. Most of the changes are in line with the objectives however there are some which can be considered as unexpected. According to the paired sample t-test results, there is a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results in terms of avodier, competitive and dependent styles (p<.05). However, the results for cooperative, participatory and self-direct styles are insignificant (p>.05).

The Effect of Web Supported and Mobile Supported Blended Learning Environment on Students Academic Achievement and Motivation

Çelebi ULUYOL, Murat MERİÇELLİ — 2026-07-16

This study was conducted to evaluate the Effect of Web-Supported and Mobile Supported Blended Learning Environment on Students Academic Achievement and Motivation. Research model as pre-test and post-test with experimental-control group experimental used in this study that participants were determined by purposeful sampling and from Gazi University Education Faculty Computer and Instructional Technologies 2nd year student of the 2014-2015 Spring Semester Instructional Design course of the field consists of 60 students. Experimental and control groups, were

A Review on the Contributions of Community Education Centres to the Lifelong Learning Skills of Female Participants

Fatma ÜNALCansu KALÇIK , Musa SATUK — 2026-07-16

Besides being defined as a process that goes on from cradle to the grave, lifelong learning is a broad term including formal, non-formal and informal education. In People's Education Centres, one of the non-formal lifelong educational institutions, lifelong learning skills of the participants are promoted through courses. It needs to be studied what kind of learning the participants achieve and which skills they gain in People's Education Centres. It's observed that the ones who attend the courses at People's Education Centres centres are mostly women. This case study aims to examine the contribution of the courses at Bartın People's Education Centres centre to the female participants' lifelong learning skills. Sample group of the study are 16 volunteered women who take courses at the centre. The data collected via half guided interview forms have been analysed with NVIVO and content analysis method. The study concluded that course participants considered courses as a place to socialise and the courses improved lifelong learning skills (self-learning skills, social skills, communication skills, entrepreneurship, technology using skills etc.) . As for the lifelong learning process, some research needs to be done not only into the grown up women, but also into the i

An Investigation of Financial Literacy Level by Various Parameters for Preservice Teachers of Primary Education Department

Orhan ÜNAL, Salih TORUN , Emine YAVUZ , Sibel EDİŞ — 2026-07-16

Financial literacy can be defined as the managing ability of spending, investments, savings, income and expense balance in line with one’s budget. Being financial literate, which has an ever-increasing importance in the world and our country, is crucial for undergraduate students especially preservice teachers. This study aims to determine the level of financial literacy of 743 pre-service teachers (167 social studies preservice teachers, 133 mathematic preservice teachers, 143 science preservice teachers, 153 Turkish-language preservice teachers, 147 primary school preservice teachers) in the primary education department of a state university located in Ankara; and to find out whether there is a change on financial literacy level according to defined parameters. It was performed a survey to obtain preservice teachers’ demographic information (gender, department, monthly income of family) and a scale (Sarıgül, 2015) with 14 items to determine financial literacy level. As a result of descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, it was determined if there was a difference between preservice teachers’ demographic information and financial literacy level or not. Significant relationships were found between financial literacy and preservice teachers’ some characteristics. While it is observed statistically significant differences between financial literacy and preservice teachers’ deparments and class ranks, it is concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between financial literacy and monthly income of family and gender.

Pre-Service History Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Multiculturalism and Patriotism

Fatih YAZICI, Akif PAMUK , Tercan YILDIRIM — 2026-07-16

With the increasing effect of globalization, different cultures of the World has become the joint capital of humanity; cultural differences in the same society has become apparent; and multicultural education approach has revealed novel perspectives. Therefore, the expectations from teachers has varied. Today, teachers face with the challenges sourcing from different and sometimes conflicting expectations such as supporting differences, helping with the social unity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate perceptions of pre-services history teachers about multiculturalism and patriotism. The research scope was consisted of 210 graduated students had pedagogical formation subjects in 2015-2016 years at Gaziosmanpaşa, Marmara and Giresun University. Survey method was used in this study. The Multiculturalism Attitude Scale and Patriotism Scale, developed by Yazıcı (2013) were used. In analyzing date, Anova, t- test, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used. The average score of the responses given to Multiculturalism Attitude Scale was calculated to be 3,62. Attitudes towards multiculturalism didn’t differ significantly in terms of gender and university they study at while the attitudes towards multiculturalism of teacher candidates from different cultural/ethnic groups differed positively and significantly in terms of cultural/ethnic group variable. Also, attitudes towards multiculturalism of teacher candidates increased as the number of the friends from different cultures they had increased. History teacher candidates who participated in the study obtained such a high score as 4,49 to the Patriotism Scale, developed according to 5 point likert type. While the patriotism attitudes didn’t differ in terms of gender, it differed in terms of university they study at.

Analysing of the Relationship Between Social Skills and Social Emotional Adjustment in Pre-School Children

Günseli YILDIRIM, Naşide Nur KARAMAN — 2026-07-16

Social skills, defined as the abilities to behave accordingly with the social environment, play important roles in the establishment and realization of interpersonal relationships. In view of previous reports, the children who do not attain the social skills up to six years old have difficulties in acquiring these skills in the following years and adulthood period. Social and emotional development involve the abilities of self-expression, controlling the emotions, being in harmony with itself and with its environment and consequently contributing to the future academic skills of children at school. Children learn how to manage and control their emotions in preschool. The present study was designed to examine the level of social skills and social emotional adjustment in pre-school children. In this context, relational screening model was used in order to determine whether the variables act together or if there is a change, it is aimed to determine the direction of the change. The research consists of 200 children (103 girls, 97 boys) aged between 48-months and 66-months who attend state and private kindergartens in Kilis (Turkey) and the children were randomly selected. “Social Skills Rating Scale”, “Marmara Social Emotional Adjustment Scale” and “Demographic Information Form” were used as data collection tool. The scales and information form used in the study were completed by teachers. For the analysis of the results, Pearson correlation coefficient significance test was used to determine the relationship social emotional adjustment and social skills. As a result, some sub-dimensions of social emotional adjustment and social skills were found to be positively associated.

The Effect of Writing Attitude and Stiffness of Students Learning Turkish as a Foreign Language on Writind Success

Nurettin YILDIZ — 2026-07-16

This research is carried out to determined the effect of writing attitude of Syrian students who learn Turkish as a foreign language and writing stiffness on writing success. Depending on the purpose of the research, study was conducted with 64 students who continued to TOMER at the level C1 in Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University in 2015-2016 academic year.The study was designed as a relational scanning model. For the purpose of the study has been tested a) the effect of writing attitude on writing success, b) the effect of writing attitude on writing stiffness, c) the effect of writing stiffness on writing success. In the research improved writing attitude scale by Kırmızı(2009), adapted writing stiffness by Zorba(2010) and adapted writing success scale by Özkara(2007)have been revised according to students who learn Turkish as a foreign language and the data analyses are made after the validity and realibity areconducted. Structural equation model was used to analyze the data. As a result of the research it is tested that writing attitude affects the writing success in a positive way, writing attitude affects the writing stiffness in a negative way and writing stiffness affects the writing success in a negative way.It is determined that writing stiffness is the gradestfactor affecting the success of writing and later writing attitude.