https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=2960 Turkish Studies-Economics,Finance,Politics en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, ANKARA</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71256 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71256 Furkan AÇIKGÖZAbidin ÖNCEL This research paper examines the impact of economic growth, fossil fuel consumption and globalization between 1984 and 2018 in N-11 countries on environmental degradation under the scope of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Panel second generation techniques were used, and country-based results were reported as well as panel results. In our study, as apriori tests, the cross-sectional dependence between the variables and the slope homogeneity were checked. After this stage, stationarity was investigated with the Pesaran (2007) CIPS unit root test, and the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables was confirmed with the Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) Langrange Multiplier (LM) Bootstrap cointegration test. At the last stage, the effect of the variables on the ecological footprint was estimated by using the Eberhardt and Stephen (2009) AMG coefficient estimator. The findings of our study are as follows: i-) The EKC hypothesis has been confirmed in Bangladesh, Iran, and Turkey. On the other hand, a U-shaped relationship was found between economic growth and environmental degradation in Egypt, Indonesia, and Vietnam. ii-) Fossil fuel consumption increases environmental degradation in Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Turkey, Vietnam, and the whole panel. However, it reduces environmental degradation in Mexico. iii-) Although globalization increases environmental degradation in Iran, it reduces environmental degradation in Mexico, South Korea, Turkey, and in the whole panel. Policy recommendations are presented at the end of the study. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=69392 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=69392 Ekrem Yaşar AKÇAY A concept as old as the history of mankind, terrorism is a significant threat to the states in the international system. Thus, states are developing policies to combat terrorism. Although states know that global cooperation in the fight against terrorism will bring success, they have been fighting terrorism individually, since global cooperation cannot be fully achieved. Türkiye has also been individually fighting the PKK terrorist organization for many years. The study analyses the PKK as a case study in Türkiye's fight against terrorism, and consists of four chapters. The first chapter analyses the concepts of hard power, soft power and smart power; the second chapter on Türkiye's policies of the fight against the PKK terrorist organization before July 15 and the third chapter dwells upon these policies after July 15, and finally, the fourth chapter scrutinizes the new security concept that Türkiye has adopted in combatting terrorism. It can be understood as a result of the study that Türkiye had used both hard and soft power, or briefly applied the policy of smart power, in the fight against the PKK terrorist organization, however, it has returned to hard power and has left the application of smart power especially after July 15 in the fight against the PKK terrorist organization since intelligence, technological advancements and the development in domestic and national defence industry have resulted in success in the fight against the PKK. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=72498 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=72498 Zeynep AKINCIÖzlem ATAN In this study, the concepts of service-oriented leadership, internal branding practices, and intrapreneurship tendency concepts and their relationships with each other are investigated. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of service-oriented leadership perceptions of healthcare employees on intrapreneurship tendencies and the mediating role of internal branding practices in this effect. The scope of this research is health sector workers operating in Kocaeli. The survey method was used in the research. Valid questionnaires were collected in 2022 by 436 white-collar volunteer employees working in various health institutions. In the study, the data were statistically analysed via the packaged softwares of SPSS and AMOS. As the analysis method, Structural equation modeling was used with the aim of testing the created mediation model. In the analyses, primarily, CFA analysis was performed for the validity and reliability of the scales. As a result of CFA, it is concluded that service-oriented leadership, internal branding, and intrapreneurship tendency scales are valid and reliable in Turkey. After the CFA process, the research hypotheses were tested using Correlation analysis and path analysis. In line with the data obtained, it was found that service-oriented leadership perceptions employees had positive and significant effects on intrapreneurship tendencies and internal branding practices. According to the research findings, it has been determined that the service-oriented leadership style perceived by the employees affects the intrapreneurship tendency of the employees. Nevertheless, the hypothesis developed as internal branding practices have a mediating role in the effect of service-oriented leadership perceptions employees on intrapreneurship tendencies it could not be accepted. The integrated model of the research bears an original quality that guides researchers and practioners. In this respect, it contributes to the management of literature. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=73109 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=73109 Rıdvan AKINFatih YILDIRIM Being efficient and effective in organisational activities is one of the most important issues for organisational managers. Some characteristics of the work environment and the relationships between the organisation's members are important factors affecting productivity and effectiveness. Individuals' perceptions of ethical climate and personality traits play a decisive role in realising positive organisational behaviours and preventing negative ones. In this study, which aims to examine the effect of ethical climate and narcissism on schadenfreude tendency, egoistic climate, benevolence climate and principled climate are considered sub-dimensions of ethical climate. This study collected data from 332 people working in bank branches operating in Erzurum province through a questionnaire survey. In order to collect data, the approval of Erzurum Technical University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee was obtained with the decision number 2 dated 27.04.2023. According to the findings obtained by analysing the data obtained through online and face-to-face survey applications, it was determined that egoistic climate, one of the sub-dimensions of ethical climate, positively affects schadenfreude tendency. On the other hand, it was concluded that principled climate negatively affects schadenfreude tendency. No significant relationship was found between benevolence climate and schadenfreude. According to the research results, narcissism is another concept that significantly affects individuals' schadenfreude tendencies, and this relationship is positive. Finally, the relationships between ethical climate sub-dimensions and narcissism were also examined. Accordingly, it was concluded that egoistic and principled climates have a positive relationship with narcissism, while benevolence climate has a negative relationship. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71455 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71455 Haydar ATEŞ In this research, it has been examined how a system based on ensuring continuity in the source of higher education financing in Turkey and managing this source effectively. In this context, it is aimed to examine the system in Turkey in comparison with OECD countries, so that it can be evaluated with the understanding of "international comparative education" and to develop suggestions based on the continuity and effective management of the allocated financial resources for Turkey. In the research, the system in Turkey and selected countries, source and management of finance and control of the system are discussed with sub-dimensions. In this descriptive study, data were collected by the method of "literature review" and "theme-based data groups" were created and analyzed. In the findings of the study, it has been evaluated that despite the increase in the number of higher education institutions in Turkey, the continuity in the financing resources that can be allocated, and the management system are not at the level of developed and developing OECD countries. As a result of the evaluation of the findings; in order to use the resources effectively and efficiently, to train qualified manpower for the country's needs in global competition, instead of free education, which is still practiced, taking into account the high individual return of higher education, switching to "paid higher education" and increasing the share of "private financing", the establishment of a semi-autonomous “Higher Education Finance Board” for distribution of finance to higher education institutions, the establishment of a "Higher Education Finance Fund" to be managed by this board, the distribution of the financing resource allocated from the central budget to higher education institutions in a "block" form, the granting of full financial autonomy to the management of higher education institutions in terms of spending, especially by providing additional resources, for this financial autonomy, to use criteria determined by the OECD, and to establish the “Higher Education Finance Supervision Board” in an autonomous status for the supervision of the system to be established. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=70230 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=70230 İzzet AYDEMİR In the research, we aimed to analyze the balance sheets and income statements of health enterprises that regularly share data every year with the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) in terms of liquidity, solvency structure, efficiency rates and profitability. The 12-year (2010-2021) of balance sheet and income statements of the healthcare establishments data were analyzed both with the ratio and trend analysis, which 2010 was taken as the base year for trend analysis. Equity rate, excluding recent years, has been decreased but an increase has observed in the liabilities. Liquidity ratios has been consistently remained below the base year. Inventory turnover rate, as a most significant indicator of efficiency ratio, was low and stayed beneath the base year. However, the receivables turnover rate has increased over the years and has carried out above the base year. Furthermore, the fixed asset turnover rate remained mostly above the base year, showing positive developments in the production of medicine, dentistry, medical consultancy and other treatment services. Although the profitability ratios have been fluctuating over the years, there seem an increase in recent years by staying above the base year. But, a significant lose occurred in 2011 and 2016. Analysing data both with the ratio and trend method and the fact that the data cover a long period of time contributed to the comprehensive evaluation of the findings. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=73785 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=73785 Altuğ ÇAĞATAY This study aims to determine the effect of trust in physicians on health service request postponement behavior. A study was conducted to determine what factors influence a patient who receives or wants to receive health care to postpone health care. The target sample consists of Citizens of the Republic of Türkiye. A questionnaire was applied to the people in the sample to answer, including trust in physicians and health care postponement behavior. It was observed that the answers to the questions regarding the scales were normally distributed. Descriptive tests, anova tests, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were applied to analyze the data and test the hypotheses for the research purpose. In terms of study findings, it has been determined that men are more likely to not take action than women in postponing health care requests and that single people have higher levels of traditional seeking, avoidance, and inaction than married people. It was determined that chronic illness does not have a mediating role between trust in physicians and health procrastination behavior. A significant difference was found between health procrastination behavior according to age variable. It has been determined that there is a negative relationship between trust in physicians and healthcare postponement behavior. With this study, it is understood that trust in physicians affects health procrastination behavior. It becomes clear that the situational structure of the action of a patient who wants to receive health care is determined by the approach of the physician with whom it has a relationship and the resulting trust situation. The emphasis on the physician's relationship with the patients who come to receive health services to have a more trust-based structure comes to the fore. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=74081 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=74081 Kadir Kürşat YILMAZHasan DURAN Uzbekistan, which declared its independence and laid the foundations of its nation state with the dissolution of the USSR, was faced with many problems that it had to overcome. In order to overcome these problems and ensure national unity, first radical changes were implemented in the economic structure and political system. However, factors such as the inadequacy of capital and human resources required for the success of radical changes and the difficulty of accessing global markets due to its geographical location have become Uzbekistan's predicaments. Islam Karimov also tried to establish a self-sufficient economic system for the continuation of the nation state, which he started the process of building on secular foundations after independence, and tried to utilise ethnic and religious sentiments in accordance with the expectations of the citizens at the beginning of the process. The failure to involve the people in the nation building process and the statements of ethnic/religious groups to change the state structure tried to be established by Karimov by forming a strong opposition led to the resort to hardline policies. Karimov, who wanted to prevent the interruption of the nation state building process, increased the pressure on ethnic/religious groups as well as other opposition groups, and the people, who were negatively affected by the developments, distanced themselves from the administration. The policy followed by Karimov while ensuring peace and order within the country also affected Uzbekistan's foreign policy, and she perceived the support received from ethnic / religious groups as well as moderate opponents from other countries as a threat to her power. Turkey, which opened its doors to Muhammad Salih, was also given a similar reaction to the reaction given to religious groups in Tajikistan and Afghanistan. Again, domestic factors had a great impact on the sharp policy changes in relations with the USA and Russia and the sometimes harsh reactions to neighboring countries. It is difficult to understand Uzbekistan's relations with neighboring countries, regional and global actors and Turkey without understanding internal factors and dynamics. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=72827 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=72827 Gülhan GÖK Nowadays, intangible assets have become more important for businesses than tangible assets. Intellectual capital is a concept that represents the intangible assets of businesses and has attracted the attention of both businesses and researchers who want to gain competitive advantage in recent years. On the other hand, evaluating investments in intangible assets in labor-intensive health institutions has a special importance. In this context, this research aims to make a general evaluation by examining postgraduate studies on intellectual capital conducted in health institutions located in the National Thesis Center and to provide guidance to researchers on the subject. Content analysis method was used in the research. In line with the purpose of the research, 282 theses studies were identified. Within the scope of the research, 11 theses were evaluated in line with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the evaluations made, it was determined that the measurement methods, research groups and evaluation methods of intellectual capital for determining intellectual capital differed in the thesis studies examined. It was determined that some studies used quantitative methods and some studies used qualitative methods. In addition, it was determined that the interactions of intellectual capital with different concepts (innovation, business performance, innovation, productivity, profitability, social capital and intercultural sensitivity, etc.) were investigated in the thesis studies. It was concluded that the opinions of managers were mostly consulted in the researchs, financial measurement methods were used to a limited extent in measuring intellectual capital, and studies on intellectual capital in health institutions should be increased. In line with the results obtained, various suggestions were presented for researchers and it was aimed to develop the literature on intellectual capital in health institutions. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=70444 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=70444 Yunus Emre GÜRKâmil Abdullah EŞİDİR This study deals with the use of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and ARIMA methods to estimate Turkey's monthly trout exports. Trout is considered an important export product in Turkey and accurate forecasts are of great importance for trade planning and marketing strategies. In the study, a basic explanation of the MLP and ARIMA methods is presented and the potential of these methods on trout export forecasting is evaluated. Artificial neural networks is a machine learning technique inspired by biological nervous systems and is used to predict future trends and changes based on historical data. The ARIMA method is a statistical model used to analyze time series data and predict future values. However, in the study, a dataset was created based on past trout export data and this dataset was used for training and testing of artificial neural networks and ARIMA model. Both methods aimed to predict the amount of future exports by trying to understand the patterns and relationships in the past data. The dependent variable of the designed model is the monthly trout export value (USD). The independent variables are monthly fish export (USD), monthly fish consumer price (TL), monthly trout production (tons), monthly average US Dollar exchange rate (TL), monthly Turkey export (USD) and monthly trout export amount (kg). Using the monthly data sets (January 2005-January 2023, 217 months-18 years) obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) and the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, the trout export values for 11 months (USD) to be realized between February 2023 and December 2023 ) has been estimated. The designed MLP model is in multilayer ANN structure and hyperbolic tangent is preferred as activation function. There are two hidden layers in a neural network. There is one dependent variable in the output layer. According to the results of MLP and ARIMA method, trout export in Turkey was estimated to be approximately 22.7 million USD for February 2023, and it was seen that this value would increase to 33.9 million USD in December 2023. On the other hand, the estimation results showed that Turkey's trout exports in the next 11 months will follow a fluctuating course. These results show that artificial neural networks and ARIMA methods are effective in trout export estimation. Both methods have been successful in capturing future export trends and changes based on historical data. This study highlights the usability of artificial neural networks and ARIMA methods in estimating Turkey's monthly trout export. Future research can improve forecasting performance and comparative analysis of different modeling techniques by using larger and more up-to-date datasets. In addition, the effects of other economic factors and sectoral variables on the export forecast can be examined. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71771 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71771 Ahmet KADİROĞLUEsra Sena TÜRKO Local Economic Development (LED) is an emerging development strategy that embraces participatory methodologies and bottom-up approaches. Within the theoretical framework of LED, local actors are significant factors influencing economic development during the transition from a centralized regulatory system to a more decentralized one. LED initiatives mobilize actors, organizations, and resources and develop new institutions and local systems through strategic actions and interactions between the actors. On the other hand, LED is based on result-oriented local initiatives directed by local actors. These local actors are compelled to take on more responsibility for the development of their regions and institutional capacities. Given the nature of this situation and sometimes by design, local actors have developed various strategies to accomplish this. Building competencies for local development policies is a slow and challenging process of social learning. Local actors take steps to develop, utilize, and enhance local resources, ideas, and skills in order to promote economic growth and development. The success of LED strategies requires a process that involves local governments, public institutions, private sector, NGOs, Regional Development Agencies (RDAs), professional organizations, firms, vocational training institutions, universities, technology parks, and incubation centers, supporting the emergence of an increasing number of local actors. In this context, this study examines the actors of local economic development in Türkiye and their functions within the LED process. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=74421 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=74421 Seda KAYAPALI YILDIRIMHacer ORUÇ Especially the giant steps taken in technology create a tremendous change on the one hand, and cause confusion on the other hand. The only way for businesses to cope with this chaos is to have human resources that can constantly improve themselves regarding their work. The ability of employees to be in a sustainable learning and to dedicate themselves to their work while maintaining their vitality depends on both organizational and individual factors. From this point of view, it is thought that the basic self-evaluation, which reveals the point of view of the person, plays an important role in the relationship of the person with her work. Of course, the attitudes of both organizations and individuals regarding this situation are important. For this reason, it is aimed to examine the role of thriving at work in the effect of core self-assessment on work engagement. Thus, the effect of both organizational and individual variables on work engagement has been revealed. In this direction, a questionnaire was applied to 192 people from the first 500 IT Companies in Turkey, and first, explanatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed on the answers given to the statements, and then regression analyzes were carried out. According to the results of the analyzes, the three sub-dimensions of basic self-evaluation; self-esteem, self-efficacy and emotional consistency, which are sub-dimensions of work commitment and thriving at work; It directly and positively affected vitality and learning. In addition, the vitality and learning sub-dimension of thriving at work significantly and positively affected work engagement. In this way, it was possible to look at the mediating effects of vitality and learning separately. Both vitality and learning; self-esteem, self-efficacy and emotional consistency played a mediating role in the effect of work engagement. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=73564 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=73564 Fatih KAZANCI Conventional factoring transactions are widely used in today's world and contribute to international trade. This type of transaction is one of the effective ways for exporters to access post-financing. However, since this product is based on the sale of receivables, it has not found a chance to be used in the Islamic banking sector except in Malaysia. Since financing products based on the sale of receivables is not permissible in Turkey, the use of Factor Chain International (FCI) Islamic International Factoring product has been preferred by some participating banks in recent years. This company has been providing conventional factoring services in the world for many years. In 2019, with a cooperation agreement with the International Islamic Trade Finance Corporation (ITFC), an organization affiliated with the Islamic Development Bank, this company started to provide Islamic factoring services. Some of the participation banks in Turkey actively use the product of this company under the name of "international supply chain financing". This product provides exporters with assignment, guarantee and financing services. For these services, proxy, surety and murabaha contracts are utilized respectively. This article aims to examine the processes of this product, which is used in participation banking, and to determine the issues to be considered in practice and fiqh. In the article, the existing product was analyzed according to the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standards. According to the conclusion reached; the FCI Islamic International Factoring product in use is a sale of receivables and contains some fiqh problems. What these problems are and how the process should be organized to overcome these problems are listed in the conclusion section. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=66497 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=66497 Furkan SAATCİOĞLUMehmet Emirhan KULA This study investigated the effects of internet presence of the cryptocurrencies on the financial coin performance. Cryptocurrencies and its underlying technology, blockchain, are two new disruptive innovations that create a new use case for a wide range of industries, from finance to logistics, almost every day. Especially, trying to implement these technologies into the traditional industries, like finance, certain uncertainties become unavoidable. While there are still some discussions going on about how to classify these new asset classes, as a currency, commodity or a security, this study focused on their similarities with company stocks, which is a security, in terms of the financial behavior. Therefore, the study built a prediction model with linear regression by expecting to find similar behaviors to stock markets as results. Additionally approximately 40 Million tweets gathered in 161 days and combined them with Google search data to predict the market cap, the price and the volume of cryptocurrencies. Overall insights mostly matched with the prior expectations and showed support for the effects of number of tweets, positivity sentiment and Google search volume on the financial coin performance of the cryptocurrencies. It is also confirmed that the effect of these variables is stronger for the coins with a later creation date, whereas the study could not extend the findings for the moderating effect of rank among the stock market to the cryptocurrency market with our results. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71812 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71812 Mustafa ŞEHİRLİ The aim of this study is to develop a new, practical and shorter scale that can replace a customer churn scale whose validity and reliability has been verified before, and in general replace all other lost customer scales. This scale can be used as a success (or failure) indicator and comparison area for companies. In the study, instead of having long discussions with customers who have left the brand they receive service from for some reason, a rating criterion has been put forward that determines how strong (or weak) determination and intent the customers in question have left the relevant brand with a single question. The validity of the scale has been confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. This scale, called Lost Customer Grade (LCG), is similar to NPS (Net Promoter Score), which is one of the most important indicators of customer loyalty, but it is a measure that looks at customer loyalty in reverse. While NPS reveals the extent to which customers recommend the brand they are familiar with and the reasons behind it, LCG shows the complete opposite. The statement that will be directed to customers in the scale, and will rate their dissatisfaction is "When I'm chatting with people I know, it's comforting to disparage A (it's good for me)". Following this statement, an open-ended question will be asked to reveal why customers think this way. In this way, companies will be able to know at what rate they lose their customers with different frequency and intensity compared to each other, and the probability of returning these customers with a global comparison value, and they will be able to have an idea about the potential negative word of mouth (WOM) effect. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=70283 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=70283 Dilek USANMAZ The central bank is an independent competent authority that determines and executes a country's monetary policy strategy and regulates the financial and banking system. The most important of the basic elements on which the political tools used by the central bank to steer the economy are based on its international reserves. International Reserves are foreign assets held by the central bank to meet the balance of payments financing requirement, influence the exchange rate, intervene in foreign exchange markets, maintain confidence in the national currency and economy, and form the basis for external borrowing. In this context, in this study, the effects of exchange rates, interest rates, inflation, foreign trade items, direct investments and portfolio investments on central bank reserves in Turkey were examined using the ARDLModel. Interest, inflation rate (CPI-based) and exchange rates, which can interact with the central bank reserves and which are economic internal dynamics, have been selected between 2003Q1-2021Q3. Imports, exports, direct investments and portfolio investments, which we determined as external dynamics for the economy, were selected between 1998Q1-2019Q1 and analyzed. As a result of the empirical study, it has been seen that the reserve ratios are affected by the changes in the most important items that make up a country's economy. Therefore, this study will make a solid contribution to the literature in terms of reflecting the process in real terms and proposing a conclusion that includes many economic variables at the same time. In the literature review, no other study was found in which the variables used in this study were used in total. In this respect, it is thought that it will contribute to the literature as a study in which the internal and external dynamics affecting the reserve ratios are shown collectively. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71503 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71503 Melek YAĞCI ÖZENŞerife GÜZEL Today, health information is accessable quickly on the virtual environment with increasingly widespread use of Internet services and technological innovation. The fact that the Internet includes numerous and different information sources on every topic causes undesirable problems. In this research, it was aimed to investigate the effect of cyberchondria on health anxiety and healthy life awareness. The research was conducted with 426 people aged 18 and over living in Konya province in Turkey. In the research, a total of three scales were used: Cyberchondria, Health Anxiety and Healthy Life Awareness. The data were collected using convenience sampling method. Statistical package program (SPSS) was used for data analysis. The significance of cyberchondria, health anxiety and healthy lifes awareness was examined according to variables such as age, gender, marital status, educational status and place of residence. As a result of the analyses, no significant difference was found with age and marital status. In addition, a significant difference was found between cyberchondria, health anxiety and healthy lifes awareness and gender; between health anxiety and educational status; and between healthy life awareness and place of residence. A significant positive correlation was found between cyberchondria and health anxiety and healthy life awareness. It was also found that the cyberchondria levels of participants positively predicted health anxiety and healthy life awareness. The results obtained indicate the need to work towards increasing awareness of cyberchondria in society, considering the development of technological devices and the widespread use of the internet today. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71249 https://turkishstudies.net/economy?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=71249 Elif KARA This study on the psychology of luxury consumption is a compilation that examines the reasons that push people to consume luxury by including the latest studies, and reveals the results. Recent studies have revealed that luxury consumption is governed by a set of desires. These are the meaning of luxury for persons and the external factors that create the desire to consume luxury. These motives determine the level of desire of consumers for luxury products and services. Biological, socio-psychological and structural motives direct consumers' desire for luxury. Consumers' desire for long-lasting luxury stems in large part from the need for status, that is, the desire to be respected, admired, and voluntarily venerated by others. Considering the forms of luxury consumption, it is recognized that it traditionally takes placein ways to purchase and display luxury goods and services. Luxury consumption provides many benefits for individuals. Wearing a luxury brand provides benefits such as perceived competence, economic benefit, public recognition and harmony. However, the desire to only have a luxury product can put the self in a negative psychology. Recent studies reveal the potential negative consequences of luxury consumption. Consuming and displaying luxury goods repositions luxury as both a blessing and a disaster. The dark side of luxury consumption occurs at the psychological, sociological and economic levels and includes: 1) intrapsychic costs (psychological), (2) interpersonal costs for luxury users (social), and (3) negative propagations on luxury brands (economic). 2026-07-16