Turkish Studies - International, Year 2015 Issue Volume 10 Issue 3

Instructional Leadership Behaviours Of School Principals In Terms Of Teachers’ Opinions

Cemal AKÜZÜM, Tuba YAVAŞ , Çetin TAN , Murat Berat UÇAR — 2026-07-16

Today, leadership is one of the most discussing topics. Much research related to types of leadership is currently continuing. Instructional leadership, which is an important leadership dimension, is one of these topics. Instructional leadership can be defined as set of behaviors exhibited by school principal or behaviors that school principal make others to exhibit in order to increase success of students in the school. Instructional leadership is differentiated in accordance with the focus point of school principal’ key role in conceptual level. Those key roles are “improving school efficiency, facilitating school alteration, developing teaching profession, and focusing on improving student output”. It can be thought that instructional leadership can be shaped on the basis of school culture, school climate, and every school’s own structure. Within this framework, the main objective of this study is to scrutinize how and in what ways school principals’ instructional leadership behaviors in schools are determined with respect to teacher opinions. The study was designed as qualitative research with a study group consisting of 52 teachers, who worked at primary, middle and high schools. As data collection tool, a guideline used for how to fill the form, and a semi-structured interview form developed by researchers. The data gathered from the forms was analyzed with content analysis through NVivo qualitative data analysis software. According to the findings of this study, the teachers participated to this study bring school principals’ positive behaviors such as “leading”, “guiding”, “sharing experiences”, “student-teacher-centeredness” into forefront.

Meaning In Life Questionnaire: A Study Of Validity And Reliability

Ahmet AKIN, İbrahim TAŞ — 2026-07-16

This study investigates the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ; Steger, Frazier, Oishi & Kaler, 2006). The validity and reliability analysis of Meaning in Life Questionnaire for Turkish form have been practiced on two Workgroups. The first group has included 356 undergraduate students. 151 of these students have also been practiced this test after four weeks by means of the test-retest method. The second group at which linguistic equivalence has been carried out includes 58 English teachers. Results of language equivalency have showed that the correlations between Turkish and English forms ranged from .65 to .91. The test-retest reliability coefficients have been found as .89 for presence subscale, .92 for search subscale, and .94 for overall scale. Also the corrected item-total correlations ranged from .65 to .91. These results demonstrate that this scale is a valid and reliable instrument. Frankl has argued that humans are characterised by a “will to meaning,” an inherent drive to find meaning and significance in their lives, and that defailment to achieve meaning results in psychological distress. Meaning in life is associated with many important variables such as depression, anxiety, hope and satisfaction. It is related to satisfaction, enjoy from work and happiness, while absence of the meaning in life is related to many disorders as depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts and substance use. Moreover, it is associated with purposes positively which makes studying the meaning in life crucial. The necessary permission about the applicability has been obtained at the very beginning of this study. The construction and adaptation validity has been carried out for the validity study. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis have been conducted for the construction validity. And for the validity of the adaptation, the correlations between the Meaning in Life Questionnaire and authenticity scale have been calculated. The reliability of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire has been realized with the help of the internal consistency and test-retest method, while the article analysis has been examined with the corrected total- article correlation. The validity and reliability analysis of Meaning in Life Questionnaire for Turkish form have been practiced on two workgroups. The first group has included 356 undergraduate students. 151 of these students have also been practiced this test after four weeks by means of the test-retest method. The second group, at which linguistic equivalence has been carried out includes 58 English teachers. 28 of the teachers were female while 30 of them were male at ages from 27 to 48. Since meaningful living has directly been equated with authentic living, the correlations between Meaning in Life Questionnaire and authenticity scale have been calculated for the adaptation validity. The authenticity scale developed by Wood, Linley, Maltby, Baliousis and Josep (2008) has been composed of three subscales called self-alienation, to be open to outer affections, and authentic life. Akın and Dönmezoğulları have performed the study for the Turkish adaptation of validity and reliability analysis. The authenticity scale has been composed of 12 articles and likert with 7 (1: It does not identify me at all, 7: It identifies me very well). For the construction validity of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, firstly, sampling adequacy and Barlett Sphericity test have been applied. It has been found that total variance of 10 articles is 57 percent. The articles have been gathered under two sub-dimensions called the present meaning and the searched meaning. The total factor loadings of the scale have been between .54 and .77, and the total article correlation marks have been between .42 and .68. At the result of the exploratory factor analysis, it has been found that the scale is one-dimensional as in its original form and that the total

The Perceptions And Opinions Of Foreign Language Teachers And Instructors About Suggestopedia

Nevide AKPINAR DELLAL, Melek AKBAY PİŞKİN — 2026-07-16

THE PERCEPTIONS AND OPINIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS AND INSTRUCTORS ABOUT SUGGESTOPEDIA Studies in the field of Foreign Language Education have gained new dimensions in the last few decades. Models of Foreign Language Teaching underwent improvements and changes. As an advantageous result of the current innovations in communication, contemporary learner-centered and culture-oriented methods replaced traditional and teacher-centered methods. In this study, as one of the most interesting methods proposed to teach a foreign language in a quicker and effective way in the world today, “Suggestopedia” is discussed. This method is also known as “Lozanov Method.”According to Suggestopedia , learners come to class with a number of barriers caused by their logics, feelings and moral values. It is aimed to dissolve students from these barriers with the help of some “certain provided facilities” and “suggestions”. In this method, an important role is attributed to the learning environment and to the teacher as an environment organizer. The teacher represents the authority and reliance. Suggestopedia classes should be decorated with graphics, charts and concept maps; the music, additionally, is the indispensable component. Classical and baroque music, with their spiritual aspects, will help to increase the level of learning. Although there are courses and private language instituts implementig this method, it has not drawn the desired attention in our country yet. Because of this reason, a survey has been applied in order to reveal the proportion and prevalence of suggestopedia among languange teachers and to receive their opinions about this subject. The data has been evaluated according to comtemporary foreign language teaching methods. Suggestions are made in accordance with gathered results. Data gathered through surveys has been evaluated by means of SPSS 15.0 program based on frequency analysis. Proficiency has been evaluated by describing the answers with images and tabulating them according to frequency and percentage.

Examining Masters’ Programs in Educational Sciences and Teacher Education (Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Sample)

Sedat ALTINTAŞ, İzzet GÖRGEN — 2026-07-16

In this study, in order to determine the problems faced in masters’ programs in educational sciences and teacher education, views of graduate students in the programs and academicians giving lectures in these programs were taken into consideration. The sample that was designed for the correlational survey model was consisted of Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University’s Educational Sciences Institution’s Curriculum and Instruction, Educational Management and Administrational Planning Economy, Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Turkish Language Teaching, English Language Teaching, Science Education, and Social Sciences Education Departments’ students and academicians. The data was obtained via questionnaire that was developed by the researcher based on expert opinion and literature in the field. The instrument consists of 5 sections. In the first section, there is personal information area. In the following sections, there are items to examine academicians’ characteristics, present program, selection of advisors, and thesis and thesis topics. All the following sections were applied to students. However, only the present program and thesis-thesis topic sections were applied to academicians. The results for the graduate students were compared according to their graduate departments. For the academicians, their title and fields were taken into account. According to the results, students found the academicians’ i

Examining Views Of Educatıon Inspectors About The Inspecting Duties Of School Administrators

Mehmet ALTUNMERAL, Önder ŞANLI , Çetin TAN — 2026-07-16

In our age, the rapid development of science, changes and develops the social life of i

Attachment Styles Of Disabled Women

Onur ALTUNTAŞ, Hasan Hüseyin ALTINOVA — 2026-07-16

A person's attachment style is determined early in life and is thought to be persistent, shaping the contact pattern of the person with others (Bowlby 1973). Bartholomew recommended a four-way pattern for the attachment process in adulthood according to whether the i

An Investigation Of The Elementary School Classroom Teachers’ Views Regarding Discipline Problems

Serkan ASLAN, Fatma SADIK — 2026-07-16

The aim of the present study is to examine the views and suggestions of the elementary school classroom teachers in terms of discipline problems they encounter during lessons, their causes and coping methods as well as their effectiveness. Phenomenology which is one of the qualitative research designs was used in the study. Besides, it was carried out working group consisting of 29 elementary school classroom teachers who served in Elazığ Karakoçan district in the 2013-2014 academic year. Written Feedback Form consisting of open-endedquestions was used to collect the data. Descriptive analysis was used in order to analyze the data. Depending on the obtained results, teachers mostly encounter such behaviors as talking without permission, being indifference to the lesson and wandering in the class; moreover, they consider that these disciplinary problems occur due to the family and student factors. The most frequently used methods in coping with the discipline problems are stimulating and punishment which are usually found ineffective by teachers. On the one hand; investigating the cause of the problem and awarding the student are partially effective in dealing with the stimulation discipline problems; on the other, making some changes in the class, determining the rules with the students and showing affection towards the students have been found to be the effective methods. Among the recommendations of the teachers for the prevention of discipline problems, cooperation with the family and guidance counselors takes in the first place. Based upon the results of the study; application oriented in-service training programs should be provided for the teachers related to discipline strategies such as recognizing students, student-centered teaching methods and techniques, providing motivation in the classroom, family cooperation and preventive discipline as well as encouraging the students to take the responsibility for their actions.

The Effect Of The Problem-Based Learning Approach On The Academic Achievements Of The Students In Science Lesson: A Study Of Meta-Analysis

Mehmet Fatih AYAZ — 2026-07-16

Introduction and Purpose In that days expectations from i

General History Of Turkish Education As A Foreign Language And The Methods Used In This Field

Nurullah AYKAÇ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is displaying the general history of Turkish learning as a second language and give short information about the basic methods being used at this period. In the globalized world learning a foreign language have became a necessity. Today even in small settlements, turistic, commercial, social or virtual relationships that takes place via internet requires foreign language. The necessity of foreign language learning is not a need for today but also manifested itself throughout history. In this study, the general framework such as a scratch-work foreigners, however efforts of Turkish to foreigners learning has been seen in each period teaching. As attemped to draw general framework inthis study, foreigners Turkish learning efforts. Especially during the time when Turks are on the forefront as political power interest in Turkish has increased. So some work were written to sometimes tell the superiority of Turkish over other languages, sometimes to simplty Turkish learning for foreigners. By considering information obtained from sources examined taking into consideration, the history of Turkish as a foreign language teaching is given in the general rundown of ingredients. We sea the methods of different methods applied in foreign teaching Works in general, teaching Turkish as a foreign language in particular. These methods have been used for teaching Turkish to foreigners and sometimes applied by also synthesizing them. It can also be said that, the methods may very according to the group and and to the time it is applied. In this study the frequent ways of methods of teaching foreign language handed with the general features. Thus this study aims to inform those who wants to reach the methodshave been used in foreign language learning.

Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability study of the Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education Scale Revised (SACIE-R)

Adem BAYAR, Ayşe Gül ÖZAŞKIN , Şeyma BARDAK — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to adapt the “Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education Scale Revised (SACIE-R)” developed by Chris Forlin, Chris Earle, Tim Loreman, and Umesh Sharma (2011) to Turkish. In order to determine the reliability and validity, the sample of this study has been randomly selected and it has been conducted to 100 pre-service teachers who are studying in Guidance and Psychological Counseling and Turkish Language Teaching Departments. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out to determine construct validity of scale. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis clearly revealed that there were four subscales; Believe in the Necessity of Inclusive Education, Concerns about Inclusive Education, Stress about Inclusive Education, and Prejudices about Inclusive Education, respectively. As a result of the factor analysis, the ninth item in the original form was removed from the Turkish version because of unsuitability and not to be involved by any factor. So, the final version of the scale includes 14 items. The reliability of Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education form was assessed by Cronbach Alpha and internal consistency found as .87. The reliability of subscales was assessed by Cronbach Alpha method as well and internal consistencies found as.85 for the first subscale, .87 for the second subscale, .84 for the third subscale, and .86 for the fourth subscale. The results revealed that SACIE-R can be used in Turkey.

The Effect of Orff Schulwerk Applications on Pre-school Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-efficacy Beliefs in Music Competence

Sabahat Burak, Gökmen ÖZMENTEŞ , Demet SEBAN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of Orff Schulwerk applications, which is one of the important 20th century’s music education approaches, on the level of pre-school pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs in music competence. The study group consists of 116 pre-service teachers. Qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques were employed in the study. Pre-test and post-test control group experimental design was used for the quantitative part of the study. Scale of self-efficacy (a=.90) for music competence was applied to the groups at the beginning and end of the experimental process. For the qualitative aspect of the study, reflective journals written by the students in experimental group throughout the process were analyzed using a theoretical framework that categorizes the factors affecting self-efficacy: mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social and verbal persuasion and physiological and emotional arousal. The results revealed that there were no significant differences between pre-test and post-test conditions of the experimental and control groups self-efficacy beliefs in music competence (t=,593 p>.05), however, pre-test and post-test scores of experimental group were found to be significantly different (t=-3,026, p<,005). Moreover, qualitative data revealed that pre-school pre-service teachers mostly mentioned about vicarious experiences for development of self-efficacy beliefs during the process of applications.

Science And Technology Laboratory Applications Supported By Robotic: ROBOLAB

Ayşe KOÇ ŞENOL, Uğur BÜYÜK — 2026-07-16

In Turkey, when we have mentioned about the use of technology in science education, come to mind first has generally been computers and web technologies. However, when we examine science and technology education in the world, we are faced with a new applied technological field. “Robotic” called this innovation, in science and technology education, especially in laboratory applications provides great convenience in obtaining data in both provides to have many skills such as problem solving, critical and creative thinking to students. In this research, the effects of experiments supported by robotic in the 7th grade Science and Technology lesson “Force and Motion” unit on students’ scientific process skills and motivation towards Science and Technology lesson were examined. The research, 2011-2012 academic year, at an elementary school in Kayseri Province, was carried out by 7th grade students (N=40). Mixed method was used in the research. Quantitative data collection instruments of the research are “Scientific Process Skills Test” and “Motivation Scale Towards Science and Technology Lesson” and qualitative data collection instrument of the research is “Student Activity Diaries”. In the research, which pre-test and post-test control group quasi-experimental design used in, scientific process skills test and motivation scale was applied as a pre-test before the experimental process. In the experimental group, experimental activities related to the unit “Force and Motion” was performed using the robot technology in “Robotics Club”. In the control group, the same activities were also implemented as in the curriculum. Activities were continued for eight weeks. At the end of activities, the scientific process skills test and motivation scale had been applied as a final test. The quantitative data obtained were analyzed with the SPSS package program and the qualitative data obtained from student activity diaries were analyzed using descriptive analysis. At the end of the research, scientific process skills and motivation towards Science and Technology lesson of the experimental group students who was performed science experiments supported by robotic showed significant differences according to the control group students. As a result, it has been found that robotic significantly effects students’ scientific process skills and motivation towards Science and Technology lesson.

The Relationship Between Mechanistic School Structure And Teachers’ Performance: The Mediating Effects Of Role Uncertainty

Yusuf CERİT — 2026-07-16

This study aims to examine the relationship between mechanistic school structure and teachers’ performance, and relationship between mechanic school structure and teachers’ performance are mediated by role uncertainty. The study was carried out in elementary schools. The participants for this study consisted of 215 classroom teachers at 22 schools in Bolu. Mechanistic school structure was measured using mechanistic organization structure scale developed by Freund ve Drach-Zanavy (2007). Teachers’ performance was measured using the role performance Scale developed by Podsakoff ve MacKenzie (1989). Role uncertainty was measured using role uncertainty scale developed Rizzo et al. (1970). Mean, standard deviation, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling were used in analysis of the data. In this study, it was found that the mean score of mechanistic school structure was above the midpoint, the level of role uncertainty was below the midpoint, and the level of teacher performance was the midpoint. Correlation analysis indicated that mechanistic school structure significantly positive correlated with teacher performance, and negatively associated with role uncertainty. Role uncertainty correlated with negatively teacher performance. The results of the path analysis showed that mechanistic school structure had not directly an effect on teachers’ performance, whereas mechanistic school structure had indirectly an effect on teacher performance via role uncertainty.

The Use of Newspapers, Magazines and Internet News In Social Studies Curriculum

Tekin ÇELİKKAYA, Hamza YAKAR — 2026-07-16

Introduction Social studies can provide useful results to be obtained in education and training in order to keep in touch school and lessons from everyday life by moving some current events into classes. It is social studies lessons that the most intertwined with topical issues one of the lessons. Understanding of children the necessity of being aware of current events is important to be trained for the purposes of social studies as an informed citizen (Gedik, 2008). Current events provide that students' knowledge learned in school to make connections between real life, their acquired knowledge practise in real life problems and follow new developments in the area and country they live (Erden, u.d). Looking at researches made on the use of newspaper, impact on academic achievement (Uygur ve Yelken, 2010; Ünlüer, 2008) the purpose and course relationship (Deveci, 2005; Kabapınar ve Baysal, 2004; Munck, 2007) news analysis (Kee, Ibrahim and Mustaffa, 2010) is in the form and hasn’t been found a research which discusses the case of newspaper articles in the social studies book.For this reason, it is important that newspapers, magazines and internet news allowing the transfer of current events to what extent is existed in curriculum. Purpose It is important that teachers and students use as the primary source and they follow in textbooks how is existed, issues related to the news how much space is given, which reports more emphasis and their update status and number in social studies. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to determine newspapers, internet and magazine news of status published by the Ministry of Education and private publishing houses in primary education 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grade social studies textbooks. Method In this study was used “Document Analysis” technique which is one of the qualitative data collection methods. İnductive analysis method was used for data analysis. Population and Sample In this study, it is examined both the latest edition of Ministry of Education and private publishing houses in primary education 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grade Social Studies teacher's book (2013-2014). Data Collection Process Social studies teacher guide books that indicated within the scope of the study were examined, findings related to newspapers and internet news that put textbooks taking from newspapers and magazines such as periodical publications were presented in tables by determining and making comparisons on the basis of the unit.Newspaper articles in social studies bookswere presented in the form of newspaper clippings and text cut and pasted from newspapers to textbooks. In addition, magazine news is in the form of news article parts cut from magazines glued to textbooks. Internet news are given exactly in the form of printed out and glued appears of computer screen. Some of the data obtained from the research was analyzed at the data gathering phase periodically, after that following the completion of activities was analyzed relationship with each other and consistency of data again analyzed. Researchers examined 20% of research data independently and then compare the analyzes were made. As a result of the comparison determined analysis to be consistent with each other, in the identification of themes has been reached consensus among researchers. In order to support the comments made by researchers and to reflect news contentwere used excerpts from the document text. (Fig. 1: p. 259) Findings Despite of the use 41 news at 4th grade in publishing ministry of education, consist 33 of this newspaper, 1 of this news magazines and 7 of this internet. While in total 33 news are existed in private publishing, consist 32 of this newspaper, 1 of this internet but news magazines are not existed. Despite of the use 83 news at 5th grade in publishing ministry of education, consist 51 of this newspaper, 28 of this internet and 4 of this news magazines. While in total 34 news are existed in private publi

Investigation Of Student’s E-Book Reading Attitudes

Tuğba ÇELİK — 2026-07-16

Reading enables the person to deal the world with critical and questioning forms. Therefore intensive studies continue for the acquisition of the reading habits in contemporary societies. With the development of the technology, reading habits have also been changed, the term of e-book has been articulated into reading term and reading activities across the world. By the help of many technological devices like; e-reader, tablets, notebooks, computers, smart phones readers can read ereading term and reading activities across the world. By the help of many technological devices like; e-reader, tablets, notebooks, computers, smart phones readers can read e Reading enables the person to deal the world with critical and questioning forms. Therefore intensive studies continue for the acquisition of the reading habits in contemporary societies. With the development of the technology, reading habits have also been changed, the term of e-book has been articulated into reading term and reading activities across the world. By the help of many technological devices like; e-reader, tablets, notebooks, computers, smart phones readers can read e-books. E-books, which are increasingly produced by the publishers and read by readers more, are less common in our country considering many countries. Some studies in the world reveal that young people have started to prefer reading e-books to traditional books. This change, have canalized the researchers to determine our country’s students’ e-book reading attitude. So,the barriers in front of the e-book reading can be removed.In this study, with the participation of 491 high school students (9. 10. 11. degrees) the attitude of the high school students considering e-book reading in the focus of several variables is described by using attitude scale considering e-book reading which is developed by Güneş and Kırmızı (2014). In the end of the research, it is seen that the frequency of the students’ reading habits, does not effect their attitude considering e-book reading. E-book reading attitude level has resulted in 9. degree students’ favor; in addition to this it is seen that the when the degree rises the attitude of the e-book reading rate falls. Reading from the internet, differentiates students’ e-book reading attitude according to the reading from published materials. The students’ e-book reading attitude point average significantly differs according to the frequency of the usage of social media. In respect of the study’s another result, the school type with the highest e-book reading attitude level is Anatolian High School and the school type with the lowest e-book reading level is High School of Science.

Oral Corrective Feedbacks In Turkish As A Foreign Language Teaching Process: Teachers’ And Students’ Preferences

Gökhan ÇETİNKAYA, Ergün HAMZADAYI — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to analyze the preferences of the students related to getting corrective feedback aimed at the errors doing during the oral communication; moreover, the preferences of the teachers related to giving feedback for correction comparatively. In the study, questionnaire was used as the research method. In the research group of the study, there were 96 students studying, during 2014-2015 school year, at TOMER situated at Gaziantep University, Niğde University, Ankara University, Gazi University and 19 Mayıs University TOMER as well as whose proficiency levels were B1, B2, and C3 and 65 instructors teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The questionnaire developed by Fukuda (2003) including 24 item which were designed as 5 point likert scale was used by adapting to Turkish in order to see the preference of students about getting corrective feedback aimed at errors that they do during the oral communication and also for the preferences of the teachers about giving corrective feedback at this period. Validity of the questionnaire was tested by performing preliminary study for the difficulty level and intelligibility of the items. As a result of the preliminary application, it was determined that the difficulty level of the items was appropriate for the students and they were intelligible. Moreover, in order to test the reliability of the study the same form was applied to the same group and it was confirmed that the same answers were given for the items at the rate of 90%. It was given between 1 and 5 point for the answers of items at questionnaire. In order to determine the central tendency, the mean was calculated. The data were analyzed as frequency and percentage. According to the obtained data, the students and the teachers totally agree on correction of verbal communication errors and the students choose that the correction which is done every time, but the teachers choose the correction which is done generally. In addition, both the teachers and students prefer correction of speech errors after the end of the speech and correction of the important speech errors preventing the comprehension of the audience. In terms of the strategies used the process of correction, both the teachers and students prefers mostly corrective question. Finally, the students and the teachers prefer the correction of communication errors done by the native Turkish teachers.

Social Studies Teachers’ Perceptions Of The Aim Of Teaching Social Studies

Banu ÇULHA ÖZBAŞ, Kadir Can ERBUDAK — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study was to explore social studies teachers’ perception of the aim of teachin social studies in the school curriculum. The participants of the study were 63 social studies teacher teaching in İzmir. Participants were asked to complete a open ended questionary the sentences in writing such as If someone (your parents, friends, studens or students’ parents) asked you “why are you teaching social studies in the school ? what is the aim or teaching social studies in school” which answer could you give them. Data were analysed using documantary analysis using qualitative (content and descriptive analysis) techniques. In the light of analyses 7 categories were defined. Namely; teachin social studies for transforming citizenship, for social studies, for reflecting inquary, for social efficience, for adapte to life, for social development and for global education. The research results showed that, the most importand aim for social studies teachers was transforing citizenship. And also social studies teachers’ working experiences, gender, schools and departments they graduated and were determined as effective factors in perseptions of the aim of teaching social studies. At the end of the study there were some suggestions were given for reserachers and social studies teachers’ profession courses.

Methods Of Teachıng Foreıgn Languages: A Study Orıented Towards The Teachıng Of French

Serkan DEMİRAL, Muzaffer KAYA — 2026-07-16

In the 19th and 20th centuries, studies and developments in the fields of linguistics, psychology, sociology, philosophy and pedagogy led to the emergence of a number of language teaching methods. Although these methods were often produced as the result of contrasting approaches, the formation stage of each method is closely related to the political structure and requirements of its period. In this context, amongst such language teaching methods are the Grammar - Translation Method developed for teaching the Bible written in Latin in the Middle Ages, and the Audio - Linguistic method developed for the US military to learn foreign languages. On the other hand, after World War II, the Audio - Visual Method was developed with the aim of teaching the French language as a foreign language, in response to the expansion of the Anglo-American language, which had begun to be seen as the language of international communication. Hence, it may be said that approaches and methods for teaching foreign languages are developed on the basis of historical requirements. However, foreign language teaching methods have not been developed on the basis of historical requirements alone, but have also often seen themselves as an alternative to the previous method. These methods, originating in theory, were able to be used up to a point in their own periods, but in later periods, because of the emergence of problems with implementation and a failure to achieve enough of the expected positive linguistic returns from the students, in subsequent periods, they yielded place to mixed teaching methods, depending upon the circumstances of the students, the teaching environment, and equipment. Today, the preference accorded to the use of a single language teaching method has brought many issues into question. At the forefront of these issues is the lack of development of the four basic language skills expected of students (listening, comprehension, speaking, and writing). Based on the view that that the main objective of foreign language instructors is to foster and strengthen the development of these four language skills in the student, it was considered in this study that the source of the problem lies in the approach and method chosen. To this end, after reviewing the language teaching methods in question as far as possible, at the end of each method, a specific subject from teaching French as a foreign language was chosen and taught using these methods.

Distinct and Pioneering Works for Official History Thesis, İnstitutions, and a historian Zeki Velidi Togan

Fatih Mehmet DERVİŞOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Turkish History Thesis, discussed during Mustafa Kemal Pasha’s leadership, was not the only paradigm dominating historiography. Academic historiology has continued to sustain its development concurrently with the official history thesis. While official history thesis was establishing an ideological dominance over history textbooks and teachers in secondary education through Ministry of National Education, The Turkish Historical Research Society did not have adequate control mechanisms in higher education and research institutions. The society was not involved in the works of Turkic Studies Institute, which is under the control of Köprülü. Tatar consisting of foreign Turkish, Azerbaijani scholars, have achieved scientific careers thanks to Köprülü’s efforts. They appeared in the Institute's magazine "Journal of Turkic Studies". Zeki Velidi Toğan was one of those who distinguished himself among these scholars. Turkish Institute director Fuad Köprülü attends Turkic Studies Congress held in Bakü between the dates February 26- March 6, 1926.

Examination Of Teacher Candidates’ Geography Literacy Perception Levels According To Different Variables

Yurdal DİKMENLİ — 2026-07-16

Head and Keywords: The aim of the study is to determine the level of teacher candidates’ geography literacy perception and to raise awareness on these issues. It also examines whether geography literacy perception level differs based on gender, department and grade levels. According to the results, it was found that geography student teachers’ geography literacy were high. Teacher candidates’ geography literacy was determined to differ significantly depending on gender, department and grade levels. Introduction and Purpose of the Study: To be geography literate does not only mean having knowledge of geography. Literacy is a systematically approach to an incident, a phenomenon, a situation and a place, which requires understanding and comprehension, and which aims that the learners reach certain skills by gaining capability of analysis and synthesis. The belief that teacher candidates should have high levels of geography knowledge and perception because they will guide their students and prepare them for life in the future led to this study. Teachers try to raise students who can make use of their knowledge of geography by improving their geography literacy level. Not geography literacy level but perception level of geography literacy was examined in this study. It was also examined whether geography literacy perception level differs based on gender, department and grade levels. Conceptual Issues Related to the Work / Theoretical Framework: There is limited research on geography literacy in the relevant literature. It was found in those studies that geography literacy level is low. According to the research carried out by National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE) to determine the geography literacy level of Americans, 25% of Americans couldn’t know the location of the Pacific Ocean, and 14% of them couldn’t even show their country on the map. Accordingly, NCGE carried out a new research and prepared a report contributing a lot to geography education. With this report prepared on behalf of many organizations related to geography education, geography education was grouped under 6 main headingsand18 standards. It was determined what geography literate should know with these standards. The main titles of these standards are: The World with Spatial Expression, Places and Regions, Physical Systems, Environment and society, and Using Geography (National Geographic Society (NGS), 1994). National Geographic Society [NGS] have researches carried out regularly for young people in the18-24 age range about their geography literacy levels. Recent questions related to countries which were on the press and in which there were different changes and developments were asked to young people. However, it was understood that approximately half of the participants don’t have enough knowledge about these countries and the events took place in them. 66% of the participants couldn’t show the location of Iraq in which USA carried out military intervention. Although the images of tsunami disaster which affected in Indonesia in 2005 were in the press in a long time, 75% of Americans couldn’t show this country on the map (National Geographic Roper Survey, 2006). In a research supported by International Geographical Union (IGU) and USA National Geographic Society, geography literacy map of the 52 countries including Turkey was tried to be illustrated. The geography department first grade students from all these 52 countries were asked to draw the outline of world map. Consequently, it was found out that geography literacy level was in the low category in Muslim countries including Turkey (Saarinen and MacCabe, 1995). Similarly, it was determined in many researches carried out on the sample groups of different grade and age levels in different countries that students’ geography knowledge was not in a sufficient level (Torrens, 2001; Oigara, 2006; Gençtürk, 2009). Method: The participants of this research were 473 students who were studying at 7 d

Çanakkale Battles Through The Views Of Pre-Service Teachers And Students In The Centenary Year: A Metaphor Research

Yasin DOĞAN — 2026-07-16

Metaphor defined as expressing a concept, event, case or a being through figurative expression has recently become one of the mostly performed teaching methods in education. The studies revealed that the metaphors created by i

Elementary And Secondary School Teachers' Thoughts Regarding The 4 +4 +4 Education System By Some Variables

Cevdet EPÇAÇAN — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to state thoughts of primary school –secondary school teachers about (4+4+4) education system by some variables This study is trying to find out the strengths and weakness of (4+4+4) education system according to the gender, task-title, branch, the grade of school being worked, socio-economic environment, years of service and member of the union factors. Screening model has been applied in accordance with the aim of the study. Written interview forms have been used as a research data collection. In these forms, Multiple choice questions has taken place which aimed to get the opinions of teachers about effectiveness, weakness and strengths sides of (4+4+4) education system. Study includes all teachers that working at elementary and secondary schools in different socio-economic and cultural environments in Siirt city center. As sample of the study, easily accessible and random sampling method has been applied. Approximately 35 percent of 1500 teachers in the city center has been reached and written comments has been taken from 535 participants. For the analyze of interviews data, SPSS package program has been used and among the descriptive statistical techniques; percentage and crosstabs analyze has been applied. In this study, there has been reached the conclusion that teachers have problems in the practice of (4+4+4) education system, have mostly negative ideas about the systems of (4+4+4) education system, think (4+4+4) education system as ideological and believe that (4+4+4) education system will (4+4+4) education system in this new education system according to the gender, branch, member of the union, the socio-economic environment being worked.

An Investigation Into Attitudes Of Patriotism In Adults With Respect To Demographic Variables

Recep ERCAN — 2026-07-16

A significant value that each citizen should have is patriotism, which refers to the action of protecting, loving and exalting the land one lives on. It entails a deep feeling affection towards the country and nation. A patriot boasts about the successes of his/her nation and protects moral and material values. In addition, a patriot is someone who shares the grief felt by fellow citizens from different ethnic backgrounds. In this regard, a common language, history and culture play a significant role in the development of the feelings of patriotism. This study aims to study imprudent and positive attitudes towards patriotism with respect to several variables. A descriptive survey design was adopted in the study, in which the sample is composed of randomly selected adults living in provinces, counties, towns and villages in Turkey. To collect the data, the researchers used “Patriotism Attitude Scale” (PAS) originally developed and fully validated by Schatz, Staub and Lavine (1999) and later adapted into Turkish by Yazıcı and Yazıcı (2010a). The data were analyzed using SPSS 1.8.0 after the scores were calculated based on information from personal information form and based on the properties of the data collection instrument. In line with the research questions, frequency, mean, t-test and one-way ANOVA were used. Patriotism attitude scores were examined in terms of such variables as gender, income, political views, place of residence, educational background, occupation, watching the news, how often and how much they read and frequency of going to the cinema. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between attitudes of imprudent and positive patriotism with respect to different variables. It was found that the differences mostly resulted from intellectual, social and cultural variables. Except for two variables; that is, gender and watching the news regularly, there was a significant difference between the scores of imprudent and positive patriotism as regards such variables as income, educational background income, political views, place of residence, occupation, reading and going to the cinema in imprudent patriotism scores in adults. However, there was not a statistically significant differences in terms of positive patriotism scores.

Harmony of Written Texts and Visual of Text in Turkish Textbooks

Oğuz Kamil ERCANTÜRK — 2026-07-16

Gathering data from a single field to write a textbook is not enough. Multiple fields such as linguistics, textlinguistics and semiotics need to be adopted in the process of writing a textbook. Employing semiotics, this study aims to show the harmony of written texts and visual of texts in textbooks and provide a guideline for future textbooks. This study was formed using qualitative research and survey model. For the research, written texts and visual of texts from 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade Turkish textbooks (2012 editions), which were recommended by Ministry of National Education and Board of Education and Discipline, were analyzed. The population of the research was composed of 78 texts that include 24 texts from 5th grade Turkish textbook and 18 texts from each of 6th, 7th and 8th grade Turkish textbooks. Extracurricular reading texts and listening texts were excluded. The field of the study was formed by choosing one example from each of 19 different text types that were employed by the texts constituting the population. Therefore, the field of the study consisted of 19 texts that were chosen as examples of different text types in 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade Turkish textbooks and the visuals employed in these texts. The data was collected by document analysis and the collected data was analyzed by semiotic analysis method. The result of the research claims that visuals of texts are important for comprehension of written texts. Therefore, written texts and visual of texts need to be prepared appropriately for cognitively and physically developing students.

Evaluation Of Reading Passages Used For Teaching Turkish To Foreigners By Lecturers Under Common European Framework And Functional Properties Of Texts

Mehmet Dursun ERDEM, Mesut GÜN , Murat ŞENGÜL , Ramazan ŞİMŞEK — 2026-07-16

In this study, there is a great focus on evaluation of the texts used for the development of fundamental reading skill by lecturers who work at Turkish Teaching Centers within the Common European Framework within the scope of teaching Turkish to foreigners. Fourteen lecturers who work at TÖMER within Cumhuriyet university, Çukurova university, Gazi Osman Paşa university, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim university, Mersin university, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli university form the groups of this study. The source data of this research have been figured out with the semi- structure interview form prepared by the researcher. The subject of this study has been re-shaped with the semi-structured interview form after taken three experts’ opinion about Teaching Turkish to foreigners. After making necessary corrections, interviews have been realized with experts and fourteen lecturers who have given related subjects at universities. In this study, for lecturers’ development process at fundamental reading skill in the field of teaching Turkish to foreigners, there are texts used in European Common text, text features, criticism, suggestions and detections. Within this criticism, suggestions and detections, it is considered that it would be more useful for the field if reading texts in Turkish teaching area within the scope of the development of reading texts fundamental reading skill and text features should be made more qualified. In addition to this, it is mentioned the convenience of the levels defined in European Common texts, evaluation of the vocabularies in the texts, evaluation of the texts for the needs of both learning and learner, the useage density of reading goals defined in Common European Framework etc and also there have been made some suggestions which are considered that they may contribute to the development of reading fundamental skill by taking into condideration the Common European Framework text learned by students learning Turkish as a foreign language.

Study Of Cognitive Distortion, General Self-Efficacy Beliefs And Success/Failure Attributions Of Teacher Candidates

Levent GÖLLER — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships between the level of cognitive distortion, self-efficacy beliefs and the attributions of success and failure of prospective teachers. The data collection tools used to collect data in this study are Cognitive Distortion Scale (Briere, 2000), General Self-Efficacy Scale (Magaletta and Oliver, 1999) and Attributions of Success and Failure Scale (Sucuoğlu, 2003). The study was conducted on 384 prospective teachers studying in different departments. The obtained data were analyzed with independent samples t-test and Pearson's correlation methods. According to the research findings, while no significant differences by gender on the level of cognitive distortions of prospective teachers are found, there has been a significant difference on the subscales of general self-efficacy scales in favor of female prospective teachers in the “continuation effort and persistence” subscale; however no significant difference has been found in the total scores of the scales. According to the results of this research obtained from this subscale, female candidates behave more consistently to carry out an activity when they attempt to it. When the attributions of teachers are addressed internally and externally in terms of success and failure, there is no a significant difference between genders. However, female candidates attribute their failures to their internal conditions. The ones who attribute to internal conditions have control center. This finding signifies female candidates believe their behaviours and their activities have a strong effect on many events in their life. Moreover, another important finding shows there is a negative relation between the external factors (family) and general self efficacy. This means teacher canditates with low self efficacy attribute their failures to the external factors rather than themselves.

Teachers’ Views On Community Service Within The Scope Of Social Club Activities In Secondary Schools

Mehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZ, Hasan Hüseyin KILINÇ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study was to determine the secondary school teachers' views on the scope of social club community service. In this study used qualitative research methods, case study design has been considered. In sample selection, easily acessible sampling has been selected. In the study; semi structured interview form has been prepared in order to get teachers’ views on importance and necessity of community service works, activities in school and out school, current problems, students’s participants levels to the works and more effective implementation of the works. In the analysis of the obtained data N-VIVO 8 program has been used. The teachers who participated in the study stated that the work carried out was important and necessary for especially the socialization of children and because of the orientation of cooperation with the environment. Teachers stated some problems that they do more activities in schools, but the school management, the environment, , the students and the parents behave unwillingly to these activities, the paperworks last much time, lack of time, lack of physical facilities, insufficient communication with the institutions and overcrowded classrooms. In relation to the implementation of more effective works, teachers stated that support of the school management, ensuring school-community collaboration, finacial support, the organization of activities according to the needs of the environment, support of the instutions, ensuring the voluntary participation, providing in-service training, organizing activities enhancing the student requests and leaving sufficient time will provide these activities more effective.

Assessment Of Teachers’ Opinions About The Usage Of Concept Maps

Mevlüt GÜNDÜZ — 2026-07-16

Concept maps are known as two-dimensional diagrams which organize the knowledge visually, which are used to reflect concepts by making associations, and which indicate the cognitive connections between concepts visually. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the teachers’ perception of concept maps’areas change in terms of some variables ( the school graduated,sex and when have you heard concept maps for the first time?). The research sample is formed with 102 teachers from Isparta. In this study, data are collected by likert type of survey developed by the researcher. After three items are removed, reability co-efficent is calculated again and cronbach’s alpha value is found 72. To determine the construct validity of the scale, factor analysis is conducted. As a result of factor analysis, factor loads are identifed as 17 items changing between 16-84. In this study , frequency,percentage,arithmetic mean,t –test and one-way anova tests are used to analyse data. According to the total score obtained from the analysing of data shows that there is no notable difference at teachers’ perception of when they have heard sex and concept map. However,it has been concluded that it affects the graduated faculy’s levels of awareness about using of concept maps.Teachers use concept maps with the aim of integrity and association while responding questions and it has been concluded that it contributes the success. Furthermore, the research has shown that teachers believe including concept maps in the classroom will help students to increase their success.

Investigating Primary School Students' Perceptions about Differences through Their Drawings

Elif GÜVEN, Yücel ÖKSÜZ , Melek BABA , Ayça KARTAL — 2026-07-16

The purpose of the study is to determine primary school students' perceptions about differences through their drawings. The study was carried out during the spring semester of 2013-2014 academic year. A total of 107 primary school students, including 27 fourth grade, 31 third grade, 26 second grade, 23 first grade participated in the study. The study has been conducted by descriptive method and the data of the study have been collected by draw-and-explain task. During the data collection students were asked to draw a picture of differences between people and explain their drawings. 32 different categories have been found when drawings have examined on the basis of research questions. 8 different themes have been found when examined similarities and differences of categories. These are appearance differences, race and ethnicity differences, cultural and religious differences, disability status, income status, interest and ability differences, parental status, state of emotion. Accordingly, students have used mostly appearance differences in drawings. In addition to this, students have used categories reflecting positive and negative attitude towards differences is seen. These are butterfly, sun, cloud, flower, bird, swing arms, rainbow, balloon, tree, playpen, using bright colors, rain, using dark colors. Research results show that mostly categories reflecting positive attitudes towards differences have been used in drawings. However, some of students have used categories reflecting negative attitude towards differences. It is thought that research results are going to be considered as a resource for forward studies.

Examining Of Social Skills Development Of The Children Who Attend Kindergarten And First Classes Of Primary School

Mehmet Akif İNCİ, Ümit DENİZ — 2026-07-16

Social skills are the skills which should be imparted to children at an early age and which are necessary life-long. Supporting of these skills in pre-school period and in elementary school years can ensure the children to grow up as more cohesive and self-esteem i

Definition Problem and Definition of Noun in Grammer Teaching

Tahir KAHRAMAN — 2026-07-16

Introduction: Definition phrases must be inclusive of all the specifications and types of what’s definied; must leave out frames which opposite and irrelevant to it. Besides, not going into details, being formed with wide and general meaningful words, being clear and limpid expression, being learned quickly and not being forgotten easily are the best significiant qualities of a definition. Theoretical Frame: Ahmet Topaloğlu, Doğan Aksan, Engin Yılmaz, Haydar Ediskun; İlhan Ayverdi, Mehmet Hengirmen, Muharrem Ergin, Muhittin Bilgin, Neşe Atabay – İbrahim Kutluk – Sevgi Özel, Tahir Nejat Gencan, Tahsin Banguoğlu, TDK - Turkish Dictionary, Vecihe Hatiboğlu, Zeynep Korkmaz in whose boks and articles are discussed a subject of noun and informed of reference a bout in part of references; define of noun naturally. Discussion: There are different numbers of lackings or wrongs in these definitions. Lackings and wrongs, in the said fifteen sources, can be analyzed in the following seven items taken together: 1. Extending the definition using unnecessary words, 2. Using words that are not in accordance whit the noun definition, 3. The definition of noun is made in format of “noun is called noun”, 4. Going in to details, 5. Excluded from the scope of the definition of “the notion noun”, 6. Excluded from the scope of the definition of the noun phrase in the form, 7. Mixed the definition of noun with the definition of the other word types. Result and Suggestions: ‘’As is known; in Turkish Grammar, term of ‘noun’ is used in two meanings in teaching grammar: This term is used in the sense to include ‘’noun, adjective, pronoun, adverb’’. We see that ‘’noun’’ word can be used in this sense, mostly in puplications and courses in grammer. We can say ‘’wide meaning of noun’’ to in this sense ‘’noun’’. (Engin Yılmaz suggests not to say ‘’noun’’, to say ‘’name’’). In grammar puplications and courses, the using of a sense of leaving out of ‘’pronoun, adverb, adjective’’ types of ‘’noun’’ word is common. In social life, it is used in this sense everytime. We can say ‘’narrow meaning of noun’’ to in this sense ‘’noun’’. The forementioned authors don’t make such a distinction concerning the meaning of the term ‘’noun’’ or don’t create the definitions by considering this distinction. After the separation eight species in Turkish words ‘’noun, adjective, pronoun, adverb, verb, preposition, conjunction, interjection’’; the definitions made under the name of title, solely can be ‘’narrow meaning of noun’’definitions. From titles on top these definitions and forms of some words in them; are understood to be ‘’narrow meaning of noun’’ definitions. To avoid misunderstandings and clarify informations; we will make separate definitions of ‘’wide meaning of noun’’ and ‘’narrow meaning of noun’’. ‘’wide meaning of noun’’ can be defined: Wide meaning of noun: words and words phrases which equal to entities –notions, their specialties, doing and being of actions, form specialties in a language are called ‘’noun’’. Now, in the direction of lining up quoted critisims we headed, we make a definition ‘’narrow meaning of noun’’which will complete lacksof them and has properties to correct misunderstandings. Narrow meaning of noun: words and word phrases which equal to entities and notions in a language are called ‘’noun’’. In this definition; isn’t given a place for ambiguous-diffuse words, isn’t used unnecessary words, isn’t been on the wrong track of ‘’noun is called noun’’, isn’t entered into details; isn’t excluded notion nouns, phrase formed nouns and some noun types. Besides, phrase which corresponds to the language is limited not to come back equivalents with some unit of measures of nouns.

The Evaluation Of The Acquisitions Of The Secondary Social Studies Curriculum According To The Principles Of The Constructivist Learning Theory

Oğuzhan KARADENİZ, Cevat EKER , Elif BURUNSUZ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of the Social Studies is to grow up i

Classifying Values As National And Universal According To The Views Of Elementary Teacher Candidates

Başak KASA, Şefik YAŞAR , Ömür GÜRDOĞAN BAYIR — 2026-07-16

Values that make culture and society meaningful (Fichter, 2012; 167) refer to the principles, beliefs, ideas and life standards that shape our behaviors, effect our decisions about a topic, direct our assessments related to various beliefs and actions (Halstead and Taylor, 1996: 5). Values tell i

Relationship Betweenhuman Capital Theory Migration Interne And Training In Turkey

Yalın KILIÇ, Sunay Ferai KEÇECİ — 2026-07-16

Close relationship between migration, labour market and education is emerging as a reality in theoretical framework as well as those set forth in the researches. This case is set out more clearly in the studies where migration is described in the context of ‘human capital theory’. There are many theories explaining the phenomenon of migration. These theories are lacking to explain every aspect of the phenomena in question. Their incapacity does not mean that they are insufficient to explain migration phenomena. Each focuses on a different aspect of the migration analysis. However, because of the migration study examined aspects related to human capital, it has been focused on ' theory of migration macro of neo-classical economies' and 'theory of micro-migration of neo-classical economies. The aim of this study is to compare in the context of the fundamental labor force indicators, educational statue of migrants who participate internal flux with that of residents. In this context, whether there is a difference between educational status of residents with migrants in the labor and employment has been questioned. In addition, other issue that may come to the differences as wages of employees, according to their educational statue has been a question whether they are settled. The research has been planned based on the Household Labor Force Survey 2012 data implemented by TSI. The level of education of the working age population has been identified by analyzing Household Labor Force Survey 2012 data Implemented by the Turkish Statistical Institute. In this context, it has emerged a difference in educational statute of working age labor and employed population according to their residential statue. In this study, it has emerged the evidence that the migrants were more educated than the residents. On the other hand, paid workers migrating to work get more fees than the resident is another important finding.

As A Preacher And Educationalist Vani Mehmed Efendi’s Life, Literary Personality, Works

Yasin KILIÇ — 2026-07-16

Vanî Mehmed Efendi (b.?- d.1685), who lived during the era of Ottoman empire Sultans called Mehmed the fourth and Sultan Ibrahim, is one of the distinguished scientists raised by the 17th Turkish period. After completing his education in Van he worked as a hodja and preacher in Erzurum, Istanbul and Bursa. Furthermore, he served as a sultan preacher and hace-i sultan in İstanbul. He had Vaniköy mosque in İstanbul and Vanî Mehmed Efendi mosque in Bursa built. He passed away in Bursa where he was sent to exile in 1685. Vanî Mehmed Efendi gave importance to educate the public and statesmen with his letters and conversations. He invited people to goodness and prohibited evilness. It can be said that with his works, he was a leading personality in the Turkish nationalism. In this study, the pedagogue aspect of Vanî Mehmed Efendi has especially been emphasized, his understanding of education and literature has been evaluated and his works have been referred to. Vanî Mehmed Efendi has works called Arâis-ül-Qurân, Hülâsât-üt-Tefâsîr, Risâle-i Mebde vel-Meâd, Amâl-ül-Yevm vel-Leyl ve Münşeat.

Evaluation Of Usage Of Some Historical Concepts In The Social Studies Textbooks

Emin KILINÇ, Okan ÇOBAN , İbrahim AKŞİT — 2026-07-16

Concept learning is one of the main components of effective social studies courses. Thus several studies have been conducted in the field of social studies about concept learning. However, there is a need to investigate coherence of concept level which used in the social studies textbooks for students. The purpose of this study is to investigate coherence of some historical concept that used in the social studies textbooks in terms of social studies curriculum. A qualitative document analysis technique was employed to examine social studies textbooks for grade 4-7. The authors examined 4-7th grade social studies textbooks that were published by National Ministry of Education and a private publisher to investigate the coherence of usage of some historical concepts which were recommended in the curriculum. It has been found that several problems exist in terms of concept learning in the social studies textbooks. Both textbooks for each grade level (MEB and private) had some issues in terms of used concepts’ level. Also it has been concluded that social studies textbooks did not follow any system for concept teaching.

Second Language Learning Dictionaries and Requirements For Them

Ali Aycan KOLUKISA — 2026-07-16

This study investigates how and where the foreign language learner's dictionaries came out first and then it examines their properties. It also gives information about current situation of the learner's dictionaries in Japan. Then, by giving some examples of them, it tries to figure out what kinds of information are useful and needed in such dictionaries. Afterwards, these dictionaries, considered as one of the indispensable tools of foreign language education, are evaluated in terms of the requirements of the users, and finally the need for this kind of dictionaries are expressed for Turkish, which is becoming a world language. 1. Introduction When learning a foreign language, along with grammar rules and patterns, learning new vocabulary, is perhaps one of the biggest challenges faced by i

Problems Encountered in Religion, Morals and Values Field Elective Courses (A Qualitative Study Based on Teachers' Views)

Hasan MEYDAN — 2026-07-16

Quran, Life of The Prophet Muhammad and Basic Religious Knowledge courses has been taught in Turkey Formal Education System since 2012 in addition to religious culture and ethical knowledge course. These courses which are defined as religion, morals and values field elective courses are new and unusual for the Turkish educational system and religious educators. The aim of the article is to define the problems which encountered in the religion, morals and values field elective courses and to evaluate the violation of educational principles by the problems and to develop proposals for improving the efficiency of the courses. Qualitative research methods were used in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions and the professional work reports of the teachers were used as the supporting data sources. The study group consisted of 70 teachers working in the province of Zonguldak. Data were collected before the in-service training seminars for teachers conducted by the researcher in the end of the 2013-2014 academic year in June. Data were analyzed by the content analysis methods. Results of the analysis show that problems identified by the teachers could be collected in five themes and eighteen items. The themes are (i) curriculum-induced problems, (ii) material-induced problems, (iii) teacher-related problems, (iv) problems arising from the academic weight of the courses (v) problems arising from the facilities of the school and planning. The problems in the curriculum and implementation of the courses indicate the violation of main educational principles such as actuality, appropriateness to child, gradualism and openness.

German Vocabulary Teaching In Tradional And Alternative Foreign Language Teaching Methods

Adnan OFLAZ — 2026-07-16

The most important goal of foreign language teaching is to gain communicative competence and the development of the four basic language skills. Having a key function in understanding and interpretation in language teaching, "Word" and "Vocabulary" constitute the basis for the development of given language skills. Methods and techniques applied in foreign language courses directly affect the students' learning new words, and so they affect learning a foreign language. The development of the vocabulary of students will be possible with a manner that emphasizes learning new words in language teaching prepared by teachers and with the activities that can be applied in a systematic way. The problems such asnot being able to remember based on the failure of the students' vocabulary, using the wrong word, using words not related to the context, incorrect pronunciation can only be minimized by textbooks which consider increasing the vocabulary, a foreign language teaching methods of which learning activities are designed for this purpose, and supplemented with language learning strategies and learning tips (Lerntipps). This will contribute to the success of foreign language learners' language learning by increasing the motivation. In this study, traditional and alternative methods being used in foreign language teaching are dealt with the comparative method in terms of general features and vocabulary instruction. Deficiencies in the vocabulary constitute a problem in the use of learned grammatical structures. In terms of the development of basic language skills, for students to be successful in listening, they areto understand when hearing, to pronounce or to write the words. As you see “word”plays akey role. From this perspective, vocabulary studies should be especially integrated into studies focused on skills development. According to researchfindings, "Grammar-Translation Method", "Suggestopedia Learning Method", "Callan Method", "Birkenbihl Method" are methods where vocabulary instruction is done directly. Following findings concerning direct vocabulary instruction has been reached: In recent years, alternative methods of foreign language teaching that has been developed and implemented worldwide give great importance to vocabularyteaching. Priority is given to the development of vocabulary, it is emphasized that development of other language skills depends on vocabulary teaching. It is seen that in Grammar Translation Method, focusing on analysis of grammatical structures rather than development of the four basic language skills, vocabulary teaching is prioritised. In this method, since translations from the native language to the target language and vice versa are done, it is obligatory to know the meaning of the words. However, students do not use these words in the development of oral communication skills, thus cannot make oral production. Since it is focused on the teaching of the words selected from literary texts instead of frequently used words in daily life, using foreign language in oral communication situations is not possible with this method even though there is an increase in the amount os vocabulary knowledge. Vocabulary teaching is focused in the Suggestopedia, and in terms of psychological factors the most comfortable learning environment for students is provided for the teaching of vocabulary. Birkenbihl Method is totally vocabulary-centered. Translation is the basis. It includes decoding, active and passive listening and implementation stage. Learning the word pronunciation and rhythm is also very important. Based on teaching the vocabulary, it tries to gain listening, writing, reading and speaking rather than direct grammar teaching. "Callan Method" is also a vocabulary-orientedmethod. It teaches the words in the target language by mechanical exercises without using the native language. 4300 words are reached at the end of twelve training sessions. It is seen as a suitable method fort he development of voc

Examining Of The Relation Between Private Courses And Geography Teaching: A Descriptive Approach

Nurettin ÖZGEN, Nilüfer KÖŞKER , Hadiye YALÇIN — 2026-07-16

As a result of centralized exam system in Turkey, private courses have become more popular in the last 30 years. They are seen as a compulsory complement of the formal education by families and students. Increasing demand on private courses gave rise to various social and economic problems and political debates. Within the context of this societal problem, the main purpose of the present study is to investigate the connection between students and private courses in relation to geography course and the need for private courses from the point of view of students. In this regard, the students’ opinions about private courses and geography instruction in these courses were investigated in relation to some variables (gender, class level, duration of attending a private course, type of they are attending/graduated school having, family income status, education level of the parents). The study group consists of 1499 students attending four highs schools and five private courses in Ankara city in 2013-2014 school year. The study was designed as a descriptive survey and the data were collected with CGC scale (Private Course – Geography Instruction Correlation) made up of three factors and 19 items, developed by researchers. As the collected data did not exhibit a normal distribution, Kruskal Wallis-H test and Mann Whitney-U test were employed in the analysis. Significance level was set to be 0.05. The findings revealed that there are significant correlations between the students’ opinions about private courses and the geography instruction given there and the variables (gender, class level, duration of attending a private course, type of they are attending/graduated school having, education level of the parents).

Examining The Relationship Between City And Soil Through A Geographical Approach: The Case Of Tekirdağ City

Emre ÖZŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

Soil, which is one of the four main constituents of the universe, is indispensable for life, human life being in the first place. Soil can be regarded as the skin of the earth system whose lungs are the vegetation cover. This living cover, which is one of the most outstanding formations of the earth, is the only natural resource that has been formed in thousands of years, cannot be produced, and is almost impossible to be renewed. This natural element, which forms life ecosystems as well as the basis of human activities, can be considered a strategic resource, a capital, and one of the building blocks of strong economies. Therefore, the importance attached to soil increases every passing day, and soil resources become subject of competition. Environmental problems have evidently increased in the last few decades, which incites dependence on soil. People need to use and manage their soils sustainably in order to know the features of the natural environment they live in and make optimal use of these features. If that can be achieved, it will be possible for us to reach the level of contemporary civilization as a community and for people have to higher welfare levels. For that reason, it is imperative that the features of soil, which is one of the most important constituents of natural environment, be known, and appropriate soil protection measures be taken. In parallel with the rapid population growth in the world in the last century, cities growing more and more every passing day have been increasing their pressure on natural resources. That has brought about a big damage to soil resources in particular. Soil resources which were initially used for providing cities with agricultural products started to be used for construction and industry later on. Such change has increased the importance of soil resources in urban areas, which has made it necessary for specialists in different fields to carry out various scientific studies on this subject. The present study aims to examine the soil features in the current growth area of Tekirdağ City through a geographical approach. Within the framework of this aim, an attempt is made to prove the hypothesis, “soil plays an important role in urban site selection”. The study is significant in that it tries to point out the importance of soil in the establishment and growth of densely populated settlements. To this end, an attempt is made to answer the following research questions; What are the factors influential on soil formation in the study area? What soil series cover the study area? What sort of a relationship is there between soil and the city? Why is soil important for the city? The study area is located in the northwest of Turkey. It corresponds to the current growth area of Tekirdağ City, which is the administrative center of Tekirdağ Province. This area, which is located in Süleymanpaşa district center, is situated between the valley of Çayırlar Brook in the east and that of Donlu Brook in the west. It has an area of 22 km². 1:25.000 scale BANDIRMA G18-b2 and G19-map sheets of Turkey’s Topographic Maps prepared by General Command of Mapping were used as basic material. Based on these map sheets, the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) dataset with a resolution of 10x10 m was formed for the study area. The slope and aspect maps of the area were created by use of the same data, too. Other maps were obtained in different ways. The thematic maps of the study were produced based on GIS (Geographical Information Systems) techniques. The procedure applied in classic soil geography studies was employed in the present study, too. In this regard, the analysis results of the samples taken by various researchers from 19 different points on a horizon basis with the same mentality were used. These samples were grouped with such sample number abbreviations as B (Boyraz, 2003), S (Sarı, 2010; Boyraz and Sarı, 2012), and A (Atmaca, 2011). The fact that no soil map had been created for the study area i

Relationships Between Perceived Social Support And Cyberbullying Tendency In Adolescents: The Mediator Role Of Perceived Social Support From Friend And Teacher

Adem PEKER, Yüksel EROĞLU — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support from friend and teacher on the relationships between perceived social support from family and cyberbullying tendency. Participants were 301 secondary school students.Of the participants, 129 (43 %) were female and 172 (57 %) were male. Participants were between ages 14 and 18, and the participants’ mean age was 16,6. Data were collected through Revised Perceived Social Support Scale and Cyberbulying Attidute Scale. For data analysis, SPSS 21.00 were utilized . In this study, Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used for calculating relationships between variables. It was investigated whether perceived social support from teacher and friend play mediator role on the relationships between perceived social support from family and cyberbullying tendency by hieararchical regression analysis. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there were negative and significant relationships between the subscales of perceived social support and cyberbullying tendency. The findings of hierarchical regression analysis showed that perceived social support from friend played full mediator role in the relationship between perceived social support from family and cyberbullying tendency. On the other hand, it was determined that perceived social support from teacher played partial mediator role in this relationship. It was investigated by Sobel z test whether the mediating roles of perceived social support from teacher and friend were statistically significant. Sobel z test indicated that mediator role of both of two variables were significant. Results obtained this study were discussed in the light of the literature.

Teaching Choice Making to Children with Severe and Multiple Disabilities

Pınar ŞAFAK, Derya UYAR — 2026-07-16

Human beings have to make choices on every area and period of their lives. Choice making, which appears in every period of human life, is also a skill which the children with severe and multiple disabilities always face. Even though choice making is a significant skill in achieving responsibility in life, it’s teaching to children with severe and multiple disabilities are always being neglected. In this study, choice-making skills and the teaching strategy which this skill for children with severe and multiple disabilities is explained in order to ensure awareness of choice making and its significance.

Opinion Of The Teacher Candidates About The Undesirable Student Behaviors At The Class Management Period

Mehmet ŞAHİNGÖZ, Yaşar ADIGÜZELLİ — 2026-07-16

Classroom management is providing and sustaining suitable conditions to prepare a positive learning-teaching environment. Views of pre-service teachers who will be beginners in teaching regarding the reasons of undesired student behaviours and methods to be implemented to prevent these are of utmost importance with regard to classroom management success. Primary aim of this research is to determine the views of pre-service teachers regarding the reasons of undesired student behaviours and methods to be implemented to prevent these. Study group of the research is comprised of students attending to Karatekin University pedagogical formation education certificate program in 2014. A data collection instrument comprising of two sections was developed to collect research data. Personal information was asked in the first section and questions about undesired behaviours were asked in the second section. Reliability and validity work was conducted for the second section of data collection instrument. It was understood according to the alpha value which was found regarding reliability and explained variance value, the instrument was reliable and valid. It was understood from the results of the research that the undesired behaviours were observed in very low level, reasons of undesired behaviours and reaction methods implemented against these behaviours were effective in intermediate level, and strategies to prevent undesired behaviours were quite effective. A meaningful difference was found in terms of variant of sex between the views of pre-service teachers regarding types of undesired behaviour and strategies to prevent undesired behaviours, however; no difference was found in terms of variant of sex between their views regarding reasons of undesired behaviours and methods of reaction against undesired behaviours. A meaningful difference was found in terms of variant of departments between the views of pre-service teachers regarding reaction methods against undesired behaviours, however; no meaningful difference was found in terms of variant of departments among the views of pre-service teachers regarding undesired behaviours, reasons of undesired behaviours and strategies to prevent undesired behaviours. No meaningful difference was found in terms of variant of age between the views of pre-service teachers regarding the reasons of undesired behaviours and suggestions for solutions.

Hotel Management And Tourism Vocational High School Students’ Interest In, And Perception Of The Course Of Geography: Example Of Tekirdağ

Vedat ŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

There are many theories and definitions to the term of tourism geography. Tourism and geography are linked to specific terms such as place, location, environment, human economy, transportation, accessibility and others. Besides tourism is a collection of activities and industries that delivers a travel experience, including accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses and other hospitality services provided away from home. And there is something more, the importance of tourism increased, especially in the last years in the World. Like all over the World, the tourism activities have scored a significant improvement even in Turkey in the recent years. The geographers have started to pay more attention to the tourism, and carried out various geographical studies, and published a number of academic papers. It should be borne in mind that every place where the tourism activities are performed do not have the same potential, nor may they attract the same number of tourists. In this context, there is a need to have existing tourism facilities, have solved any infrastructural problems, and deploy trained personnel. By the way, the tourism education basically aims at training the potential employees to be deployed in this industry, and get them gaining the knowledge, experience and vision required for the tourism activities. In this context, the geography becomes more important for the progressive tourism industry, and it appears as a significant shortage that the uneducated i

Problems And Solution Offers Of The Teachers About Smart Boards And The Tablets Delivered To The Students

Önder ŞANLI, Mehmet ALTUN , Çetin TAN — 2026-07-16

Introduction: Nowadays, the use of technology in the field of education is increasingly becoming common as in many areas and it is exploited effectively at every stage of education. There are many advantages of using technological developments in education and training for students and teachers and at the present time, using the technology has become a necessity. Purpose The purpose of this study is to find out the possible difficulties by interviewing with the teachers about the problems related with the smart boards and tablets that were delivered to the students and about the solution suggestions and to make an evaluation of this project from the point of teachers. That with what purpose and how often the smart boards and tablets that were delivered in the scope of the project are used by the teachers and students and what the problems and deficiencies are at schools where they are used are analysed. Conceptual Framework Changes and transformations effect the society in many ways, these changes and transformations accompany the technology and developments in communication area. For overcoming the difficulties that are encountered in solving the problems in education and training area, if traditional approaches are considered to be insufficient, the best approach is to use the advantages provided by information technologies. Computer Assisted Training has got a very important place in using the technology more effectively and efficiently. In this approach, the training with tablets and smart boards is very important. Nowadays, the use of technology in the field of education is increasingly becoming common as in many areas and it is exploited effectively at every stage of education. There are many advantages of using technological developments in education and training for students and teachers and at the present time, using the technology has become a necessity. In this study, the problems that the teachers have related with the Smart Boards and the Tablets which have been given by the Ministry of Education within the frame of Fatih Project and their solutions are analyzed. Method In the study, the views of 25 teachers who are employed in different branches in 6 different high schools in which technological opportunities are provided within the scope of FATIH Project in 2014-2015 academic year in Malatya, were benefited. As the data collection tool, Semi-structured interview form was used. In the survey, easily accessible state sampling which is one of the purposeful sampling methods was used. For determining the teachers’ perceptions and perspectives about Fatih Project, phenomenology design that is among the qualitative research methods is used. In the evaluation of the data, content analysis method is used. Findings and discussion According to the findings, it has been determined that in-service training for the smart board is inadequate, teachers didn’t use the information technologies adequately during their high school training before they started teaching and they don’t find their training sufficient, in the practice of FATIH Project the biggest problem they encounter is the lack of substructure, school books are not compatible with the smart boards, the lessons are not visual and auditory and the level of tablets’ use is very low and they are used with wrong purposes. One of the important findings of the study is that besides technical problems, the materials that are compatible with smart boards are not enough and teachers need pedagogical and professional support about the use of the technology within the frame of this project. Additionally in this study, that the efforts for increasing the efficiencies of teachers and students’ education of Information Technologies are not made, that there is not a supportive structure for research&development in education and interactive content development efforts, that in case of failure, necessary technical support is not given to the tablets after distribu

Evaluation of Primary School Teachers’ Opinions about the Situation of the Loss of Values

Hanifi ŞEKERCİ, Feridun MERTER — 2026-07-16

The values are one of the important dynamics that allow the unity and solidarity of society. In several countries, also in our country, increasing criminal cases, the deterioration of the family structure, murder, corruption, theft, fraud, extortion, embezzlement, injustice, nepotism, intolerance, being closed to criticism, inability to feel empathy, situations such as lack of critical thinking are the indicators that show us the values are seriously about to be lost in our social life. In this sense, in this study, the situation of the loss of the values is examined by taking into account the opinions of the primary school teachers. The values in the questionnaire used in this research are ones classified by Spangler, Schwartz and Acat-Rokeach and also ones included in the concerned litératures. According to the results of the research, justice, being open to criticism, empathy, fairness, thriftily, respect for labor, honesty, generosity, humility, for a very large majority of teachers, are the values which are disappeared or which are about to be disappeared.

Foreign Language Learning Anxiety And Achievement: A Case Study Of The Students Studying At Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Sabriye ŞENER — 2026-07-16

In recent years, people have developed positive attitudes about certain aspects of globalization (Aydın, 2014). To this end, English as a foreign language has gained greater importance all over the world. Anxiety is described as an uncontrollable state that can make the language learning situation problematic and stressful. This study investigates the degree of language anxiety of Turkish university students. It also examines the relationship between foreign language speaking anxiety and achievement. The quantitative data were collected by means of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), (Horwitz et. al. 1986). 77 first year ELT students of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University are the participants. All of the data were analyzed within the SPSS 15.0. The quantitative data analysis revealed that students experienced foreign language anxiety at different levels. In all the anxiety categories, the anxiety levels of the female students were found to be higher than those of the male students. The anxiety level differences of the students according to their age were observed in the listening category. A significant relationship was also observed between the language anxiety and speaking achievement of the students. That is, the students whose anxiety level is high score lower points in the speaking course.

Analysing The Cultural Content Of Turkish As A Foreign Language Coursebooks According To The Three Circles Model

Meliha R. ŞİMŞEK, Esin DÜNDAR — 2026-07-16

In order for the average learner to become a successful communicator in a world where intercultural interactions are increasing, one needs to develop an awareness of not only the target culture but also his own culture and the cultures of different countries. Also, it is a matter of concern which cultures and to what extent they are being represented in the Turkish as a foreign language coursebooks, for they are the carriers of the cultural content as well. In contrast to the previous studies focusing on the presentation of the Turkish cultural elements, this study categorised the cultural items in Yeni Hitit 3 (2012) according to Kachru’s (1985) “three circles” model, compared the data with the number of foreign students from Student Selection and Placement Centre’s (OSYM), and obtained the following results from the lexical-topical analyses: While the inner circle, where Turkish is spoken as a native language, occupied 43%, and the outer circle, where Turkish is treated as an important language beside the native language of learners, took up 1% of the whole cultural plane, the expanding circle, where Turkish is taught as a foreign language, got hold of the remaining 56% on its own. In addition, universal topics were found to be the most frequently-cited (53%), and followed by topics related to the expanding (29%) and inner circles (9%), along with other topics (7%), whereas the outer circle received the least topical focus (2%). Consequently, although the target language culture (the Turkish culture) was adequately represented, the cultures of the other Turkic groups were almost ignored and the cultures of different countries learning Turkish as a foreign language were the most varied and densely-populated. However, among the countries of the expanding circle , the Anglo-American culture, rather than the cultures of the neighbouring countries, was the dominant culture. When the distribution of the cultural elements was evaluated with the percentages of foreign students from the outer and expanding circles, it was revealed that the Turkish as a foreign language coursebooks did not take into consideration the cultural backgrounds of the audience and choose the culture-loaded texts systematically, either.

Validity And Reliability Study On The Motivation Scale Form Designed For 4th And 5th Grade Social Studies Course

Mustafa TAHİROĞLU, Vedat AKTEPE — 2026-07-16

The study was conducted in order to make a contribution to teachers and researchers who assess motivation of 4th and 5th grade students towards learning social studies by means of developing a valid and reliable assessment tool. In developing the scale, literature was reviewed and then opinions of teachers and students on motivation were collected. Data collected from the literature review, teachers and students were gathered and a 104-point data pool was formed. Upon elimination of similar or irrelevant statements out of the data pool, a 73-point 5-level Likert type draft scale according to level of agreement was prepared. Regarding the validity of the draft scale, experts were consulted with. Following modifications according to expert opinion, the draft scale was implemented on a group of (49) forty-nine 4th and 5th grade students, as a result of which a 63-point designate scale was developed which was then implemented on a group of (394) three-hundred and ninety-four 4th and 5th grade students. On the resulting data from the above-mentioned applications, independent t-test was run in order to detect the discrimination index, and factor analysis was made to combine the variables measuring same qualities by testing the structural validity. In order to estimate the reliability of the scale, Cornbach’s alpha correlation coefficient was measured. Consequently, 3 items, which indicated a value higher than p>,05, were omitted from the scale by considering the two-way significance in t-test. Besides, 27 items, whose correlation coefficient was less than ,25, were also excluded in order to maintain additivity of the scale. Factor analysis indicated that the scale consists of five factors and 29 items explaining %44,027 of total variance. Meanwhile, correlation coefficient (Cornbach’s Alpha) of the entire scale was found to be 0,83. Overall results confirm that the scale is adequately valid and reliable.

The Competency Levels Of The Primary School Teachers Towards Teaching Of Free Activities Lesson

Mehmet TAŞDEMİR, Musa SARGIN — 2026-07-16

Introduction and Aims Students’ positive attitudes towards school are affected by different factors such as syllabuses, teachers’ quality and educational activities. Besides these factors, considering students’ developmental characteristics and interests, lesson times, breaks and extracurricular activities also can affect students’ attitudes towards school. During to developing to primary school curriculum at 2006 Ministry of National Education has also made some changes in lesson times and some lessons with the expectation of affecting students’ attitudes directly towards school. With it in The Ministry of National Education has added Free Activities Lessons (FAL) to the elementary school program in 2010. Study was aimed to determine the competency levels of primary school teachers towards the teaching of free activities course in primary school. In this context, the opinions of primary school teachers were surveyed by The Assessment Scale of Free Activities Lesson (ASFAL). Also, their opinions were interpreted according to independent variables such as gender, seniority, and locations of their schools. A lot of researchers express that many of the free activities affect students positively in terms of cognitive, behavioral and academic. (Gökbulut and Yücel Yumuşak, 2014; Gülsoy and Uçgun, 2013). According to the findings of the research, it is said that with free activities it is possible to create realization of free time and self-awareness, activation of attitudes towards deciding, free time activities and social interaction. Also, free activities increase socializing of the students, make their communication better (Mundy, 1975; Büküşoğlu and Bayturan, 2005), contribute their physical and mental development (Mota and Esculas, 2002) and decrease the risks of chronic diseases (Sellick, 2002), help students to reflect themselves and to find creative solutions for conflicts (Bjamadottir, 2004), increase their freedom, enhance the awareness of using free time effectively, provide benefit in terms of planning and practicing and transferring the things they learn at school to social life and also provide benefit themselves in their adulthood. (Torkildsen, 2005). In addition to these, it is said that free activities bring positive experiences about real life and accordingly free activities help students to create their ideal ego (İnal, 2009). The aims of the free activities according to the primary school program are to make students love school more through didactic and entertaining practices, make them adopt the school as a family and express themselves more comfortably, provide feeling themselves secure and more happy, help socializing through increasing the interactions, contribute their physical, mental, social, cultural, personal and moral development. Thus, free activities lesson aims to students become well-supported i

Investigation Of Views On Teaching Methods Of Mathematics Courses To Primary School Teachers

Serdarhan Musa TAŞKAYA, Pelin KÖSECE — 2026-07-16

In mathematics teaching people to gain the basic mathematical knowledge and skills they need for life and the surrounding events and enable them to have a thinking problem-solving approach to dealing with. Different teaching methods used in the teaching of mathematics where the abstract process. When using the teaching methods of teachers and students are required to choose keeping in mind of the situation. However, success can be achieved in this way. Math class is entering the primary school teachers in primary schools. Foundations of mathematics is thrown during primary school. Therefore, it is important that how a teacher training course in mathematics. The purpose of this study is to determine primary teachers’ opinions about teaching methods used in maths course. Twentytwo primary school teachers participated to this study who were working in primary schools in the 2013-2014 academic year in Adana. To collect the data, open-ended questions were used prepared by researchers. Participants were selected according to their seniorities, genders, and graduate levels. To analyse the data descriptive analysis method were used. The results obtained from this study show that, primary school teachers use three methods on average in maths class and most of them prefer the methods of problem solving, instruction, and question-answer. In addition, when choosing the methods, to facilitate learning feature is sought. Although the teachears want to use computer aided instruction, they are not able to use it and also some other methods can not be used due to the lack of primary schools’ physical facilities. As a result, it was suggested that for maths class, primary school teachers need to be taken in-service training programme about teaching methods.

The Attitude Scale Development of Philosophy Course

Erhan TECİM — 2026-07-16

Basically this study designed to measure of high school student’s attitudes towards philosophy courses. Philosophy courses are really important for the high school student’s future life due to Exam of Entrance for Higher Education (YGS). This research was conducted with 14 separated high schools (different academic area and school type) which located in the city center of Aksaray province. Stratified sampling was used during the selection of the participant unit. Philosophy course are compulsory lesson for all high school students which they have to pass this course during 11th grade. This survey had only applied for 11th grade students because of that. 377 students were joined as a participant who is already taken the philosophy courses at the end of the survey. If we consider all of the students counts at the 11th grade was 2896 at the center of Aksaray province so that, it is mean 13% of the students was sampled in the survey. This study might be summarized in four stages by methodological aspects. First of all preparing items, secondly as data collection tool, pre-test of the scale was prepared and performed; third, the main survey of the study was performed on the field. Finally, according to the obtaining data sets was performed analysis of validity and reliability and the others analysis such as t-test, ANOVA. During the process of he preparing question items were got opinions of academicians in the area and high school teacher of Philosophy courses. After the negotiations some regulation were made on the items. Final version of the scale was prepared and then performed on the field after regulations. Proper items have taken place in prepared survey to obtain the demographic data of students such as sex, academic department, type of high school and income. In the applied form the answers to questions substance was created ‘Likert’ style. The process of ‘recode’ was applied for the located negative items (7 items) in the scale. An ‘attitude scale’ was created for the course of philosophy by the analysis of validity and reliability was carried out with the obtaining data sets. The result of exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that twenty items loaded on five sub-factors. Five sub-factors were defined as apathy, utility, affection, trust and role of instructive. The attitude scale which consists of 20 item and five sub-factors were also analyzed by other variables. To determine for structure validity, explanatory factor analysis were used in this study. KMO capability of measurement was 0,983. Also Cronbach’s Alpha formula was used for determine the reliability of the scale. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability parameter was found as 0.911. Most of the academicians agree that reliability test score over 0.70 was enough for the reliability of the scale. Each sub-factors also analyzed for reliability by their own items. According to the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability parameter of sub-factor of apathy was found 0.900. Sub-factor of utility parameter was 0.825, sub-factor of affection parameter was 0.825, sub-factor of trust parameter was 0.696 and sub-factor of the role of instructive was found as 0.846. Obtained findings were analyzed by using statistical programs. Furthermore, t-test and ANOVA were used for item analysis. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was no significant difference when compare the means of girls and boys according to process of t-test analysis. On the other hand it was determined there was significant difference according to academic department, which the students of social science area were significantly shows difference by trust sub-factor from the students of the department of Turkish-mathematics and science against the philosophy courses. İt is widespread as general belief that most of the high school students don’t like philosophy Courses. If it is considered that the mean of affection sub-factor of the scale was really loaded under the average (1, 9). On the other hand, apa

Speech Anxiety Of The Teacher Candidates Taking Pedagogic Formation

Ebru TEMİZ — 2026-07-16

Speech is an important factor for humans to be a social being and it is accepted as the base of all kinds of communication. Ability to speak is an innate feature for humans, however, ability to use speech in good, accurate and effective way depends on the education taken by i

Views Of Primary And Secondary School Teachers About Teachers’ Room

Buket TURHAN TÜRKKAN, Arif KAPTAN , Hakkı KAHVECİ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study was to determine the views of primary and secondary school teachers about the teachers' room. This study was done with phenomenological design which was one of the qualitative research designs. The participants of the study were determined with the maximum variation sampling model which was one of the purposeful sampling modalities. The participants of the study were twenty teachers who worked in primary and secondary schools in 2012. The participants of the study worked in different cities. Their majors were primary school, English, science, physical education, primary mathematics, social studies, psychological counseling and guidance, religious culture and moral studies. The data of the study was collected with semi-structured interview technique. While collecting the data interview form, which was prepared by the researchers, was used in this study. The data collected was analysed with the content analysis approach. So as to see the validity of the research data was represented and reported detaily and detailed information was given to reach the obtained solution. For the reliability of the research, after two researchers made coding separately, researchers came together, compared analyses and made agreement. The data of the study were collected with nine subjects as the goal of using the teachers' room; the frequency of using the teachers' room; the reason of no-using the teachers' room; the expectation of sociability from the teachers' room; the expectation of physical equipment from the teachers' room; the topics which were talked about in the teachers' room; the effects of the speeches which were done in the teachers' room; the topics which were wanted to talked in the teachers' room; the necessities in the teachers' room and suggestions. For the results of the research, the views of primary and secondary school teachers about the teachers' room were discussed and the suggestions about this issue were given.

Views Of University Academic Members And Students On The Absenteeism Case And Causes

Celal Teyyar UĞURLU, H. Gonca USTA , A. Salih ŞİMŞEK — 2026-07-16

This study examines “absenteeism” along with probable reasons and measures to mitigate it. It is designed as a qualitative research and implemented with phenomenological method as this method focuses on cases which are seen but need explaining in depth. The study was carried out in Cumhuriyet University with 180 students and 52 instructors from 13 faculties. Study group was selected with maximum variety sampling technique for widest coverage. Study data were collected with unstructured interview forms with one question for each research question. Qualitative data were saved as text files and NVivo 10 was used for coding, drawing themes, findings and determining reliability of coding. Study data were analyzed with content analysis comprised of four stages as “coding, finding themes, coding and arranging themes, defining and interpreting findings”. The themes and subthemes were named by researchers and reliability of coding was calculated to be ?=.91 in Cohen’sKappa. Due to the high reliability of coding, frequencies were identified for respective themes and outcomes were reported. It was found out that views regarding the importance of attendance had higher frequency. Instructors define absenteeism as a reason for failure, while students perceive it as student’s choice and (an obligation) that should be abolished.

Examining Self-Respect Level Of Pre-Service Teachers In Decision-Making And Their Decision-Making Modes

Abdulhak Halim ULAŞ, Cevdet EPÇAÇAN , Cahit EPÇAÇAN , Büşra KOÇAK — 2026-07-16

Purpose of this study is examining self-respect of pre-service teachers in decision-making and their decision-making modes. A screening model research is performed for this purpose. Students studying in Ağrı Ibrahim Çeçen University, Faculty of Education, Department of Classroom Teaching constitute target population of the study. Sample of the study is constituted of 343 pre-service teachers who are randomly selected among this target population. Personal information form created by the researchers and Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire are used to collect data in the study. In the analysis of data, SPSS 16.0 packaged software is utilized and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normality Test, MannWhitney U, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman Correlation Tests are used. As a result of the data analysis; it is determined that self-respect level of the pre-service teachers is high in decision-making, their score in careful decision-making styles is higher than other decision-making styles, and there is no differentiation in general according to gender, class, income level of the family, the place where family lives, family structure, education of the parents and working status of the parents variables with p<0.05 level. Besides, a positive average relation is seen between self-respect levels in decision-making and careful decision-making styles; and a negative average level meaningful relation is seen between avoidant, postpone and panicking decision-making styles of the pre-service teachers.

An Investigation of Early Intervention Program for Several Variables: Does Investment of Early Childhood Education Make Investment for The Future?

Hatice UYSAL, Berrin AKMAN — 2026-07-16

A variety of early intervention programs is implemented in order to have a better future for pre-school children in early childhood education. While early intervention programs as detected apparently serve different purposes, they are intended to carry the essence of social welfare and preserve as partners in their children's holistic development in the country. In this study, in the framework of the early intervention programs are discussed in the light of literature in terms of community, social, economic and political importance of investment in early childhood education. At-risk children do not start from back life through to qualified early childhood programs which provided similar training by their peers. When at-risk children access the adulthood who involved in these programs, will have returned to the community the output of quality education by providing a better future to their kids entering good work and get rid of delinquency. Early intervention studies which will strengthen children socially are very important in the protecting social order and maintaining social welfare in the future. Investments in early childhood education are examined in the context of early intervention programs with this article added a new one to the domestic research and intended to withdraw the attention of related to this issue. These early intervention services for short and long-term outcomes and cost/benefit analysis were examined. In addition, the effect of program where is starting the ring from child to community has been focused on expanding the ring.

The Position Of Zazaki In The Education Activities From The Republican Period Up To Present Day

Öğr. Gör. Murat VAROL — 2026-07-16

The education system before the Republican Period was based heavily on the madrasahs but the system changed radically after the declaration of republic. The madrasahs were closed and all the educational institutions were integrated under the Law of Unification of Education. After this period, only the Turkish language was used as the education language. The revolutions about education and teaching were among the fundamentals of the new republic. The title of education was used as a tool to install other revolutions. The new generation built up by these revolutions comprised a new society. It became impossible to challenge or resist this new system. While all these new revolutions were enforced, all the languages except Turkish were placed on one side and could not find a place in the education system. One of these languages is Zazaki,-the third mostly spoken language in Turkey. After the change of this behavior partly after the 2000s, Zazaki started to appear in the educational life. Today, Zazaki is an optional lesson in the secondary and high schools connected to the National Education Ministry. Besides, Zazaki is taught at some universities at bachelors’s degree and post graduate studies. In this study, a general evaluation will be done about the education system in the Republican Period, and the position of Zazaki in the educational life will be investigated.

Student Motivation In Classroom Management And Factors That Affect Moivation

Hatice VATANSEVER BAYRAKTAR — 2026-07-16

The concept of motivation, can be defined as the power that gives energy and direction to the behaviour of i

Evaluation Of Social Studies Teachersqualifications In Terms Of Their Accordancewith The Cooperative Learning Method

Hakkı YAPICI — 2026-07-16

This research aims to investigate Social Studies teachers’ qualifications in terms of their accordance with cooperative learning method. The sample of the study consists of 70 Social Sciences teachers working in the Yakutiye County of the Erzurum province. Scanning model was applied in the study. To obtain the data for the study, a personal information form that states the qualities of teachers participated in the study including gender, seniority and graduated faculty information and a 5 Point Likert scale for defining teacher qualities, namely the “scale of opinion on the suitability of the candidate teacher qualities to cooperative learning method” (Topal, Kırbaş, 2014)) were used. Our study was conducted on 70 Social Studies teachers working in Erzurum Yakutiye county. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software package program based on Chi-square analysis.The results of the statistical analyses showed that male teachers give more confidence, they attribute much more value to their friends with different personality traits and they are more sensitive to behave fairly in cooperative studies when compared to the female teachers. Teachers with service of 1-15 years are more open to new ideas compared to the ones who have served 16 or more years and they are more democratic in their relationships with their friends and they prefer group success rather than i

Adaptation of STEM Attitude Scale to Turkish

Bekir YILDIRIM — 2026-07-16

Since the beginning of the 20th century the need for i

What Are The Children Writing? Development Of Writing Perception During Preschool Stage

Mustafa YILDIZ, Merve ATAŞ , Nurhan AKTAŞ , Ayşe Dilek YEKELER , Tuğba DÖNMEZ — 2026-07-16

Writing is a skill that starts from early childhood and develops with various scratching and line work. Preschool writing activities are composed of children’ exploration of written language with the support of their parents or peers and they include several stages. The purpose of this research is to explore the writing perceptions of preschool students in terms of age, gender and socioeconomic status. This research was carried by case study design within the qualitative inquiry research methodology. The participants include 96 children (46 girls and 50 boys) ranging 3 to 5 years old (36-66 months). The data were collected through Personal Information Form and Writing Perceptions for Preschool Form. Children were directed to write with the instruction of “Would you write something for me?” After writing, they were asked to talk about and reflect on their writing with questions “What did you write? Would you explain what you wrote?” Written documents derived from children were categorized based on the stages in the development of writing perception. As a result, most of the 3-year old children were observed to be at the scratching stage. 4-year old children were usually seen to experience linear repetition stage while 5-year old ones appeared to be random letter creation stage and a few of these 5-year olds were observed to be at a relatively higher level in which they were able to relate their writing with sounds. Additionally, the results also illustrated that the socio-economic level of the children had an impact on positioning their writings, but gender did not seem to influence this positioning. It is also found that, in some age periods girls were at an advanced stage compared to boys, both boys and girls paid attention to following the line, and their writing samples were seen to be closer to basic perpendicular letters. In the light of these results, recommendations were made for strengthening the writing perception in preschool level.

The Use Of Podcasts In Teaching Turkish As A Foreign Language

Fatih YILMAZ, Gülşah BABACAN — 2026-07-16

With the development of economics, tourism and politics, Turkey has become a centre of attraction and various studies have been developed on teaching Turkish as a foreign language. However, there are few studies conducted on the effectiveness of the teaching. The four core areas that are accepted in mainstream teaching foreign language skills are listening, reading, writing and speaking. The main purpose of teaching Turkish as a foreign language is to develop these four language skills to facilitate the ability to communicate with the target culture. Both in the mother tongue and in foreign language teaching, great importance is placed upon reading, speaking and writing, but much less emphasis is placed upon listening. Listening skills are assumed to develop instinctively. The poor development of listening skills can cause a decreased ability to access information and be the source of miscommunication. The development of technology has allowed people to establish easy communication and easy access to knowledge sources beyond their immediate environment. Thus, through the use of technology in education, we have an opportunity to develop teaching materials for teaching Turkish as a foreign language that focus attention on listening skills. However, there are limited materials currently available to teach listening skills in Turkish as a foreign language. In this study, the author presents samples of rarely used podcasts, which have been developed to teach listening according to the criteria developed by the Common European Framework of Reference on teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Six themed-based podcasts have been developed with the educational attainment and goals for A-1 and A-2 levels. These podcasts are entitled “Personal Identification”, “House, Home, and Environment”, “Daily Life”, “Free Time and Entertainment”, “Relationships With Other People”, and “Travel”.