https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=288 Turkish Studies - International en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17977 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17977 Cüneyt AKIN, Sinan SARAÇLI Entropy, a very old term, was developed by Clausius in thermodynamics toward the middle of the 19th century. In thermodynamics or statistical mechanics, entropy is the measure of the level of the existing disorder in a thermo-dynamical system. Today, entropy optimization methods has important applications in the fields such as statistics, mathematics, geography, space sciences, economics, finance, marketing, system analysis, image processing, and model selecting. Furthermore, literature has many works which compare superiority of different languages. There is no such work in the Turkish language. We believe that such future works in the field will fill this gap. Using entropy methods, the present work compares the Göktürk language (the original text), Turkish (translation), Kyrgyz (translation) and Kazakh (translation) in terms of their language characteristics. The MATLAB software was used. An example application was conducted in order to enable the work to be more understandable for the experts working in the field of the Turkish language. Entropy between the texts in the Orkhon inscriptions and their Kyrgyz and Kazakh translations was done. The work used the mutual translations of the same text in the Göktürk language, Turkish, Kazakh and Kyrgyz. Entropy of each text was calculated by the MATLAB software and shown in the tables. The results were obtained by analyzing the text which was used in the application by the program which calculates entropy of any text which was previously entered in the system. The appendix 1 includes the codes of the Turkish text which was used in the work. Any researchers can calculate the entropy of this text through the software by entering their own text. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18180 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18180 Zhala BABASHOVA With the invasion of Azerbaijan by the Russians. The Azerbaijan language suffered many changes. After the invasion. The Russian language took first place in Azerbaijan society. The Azerbaijan Turkish language was of secondary importance. During this period. Intellectuals produced some Works on the importance of the mother tongue. During the Soviet Period Vahabzade in his own style struggled for mother tongue supremacy. Bahtiyar Vahapzade is an intellectual with a heart full of love for his homeland and people. It would be unfair to call him only as a writer or a poet. Vahapzade who describes homeland as the place which we are attached according to its moral characteristics. As in every age, his age also hosted hundreds of people who lived in homeland but were unaware of its characteristics. He pledged himself to warn these people whom he called spiritual immigrants. He considered patriotism as an unrequited love; one must love without expecting any payoff.Therefore, he managed to develop a distinctive apprehension of homeland without giving in neither the Markist notthe capitalist ideas of his age. Turkey had a disparate place for this great philosopher whose heart was beating for his country. He said “ I am now going to the hometown of my desires and dreams descending from my progeny ”when he first set off for Turkey in 1961. He described Istanbul, which he called as the Mekke of Turkish realm, as“My hope, my secdegah, owner of my bereaved name, protector of my honor and dignity, my seeing eye, my hitting arm, my thinking brain, my support, my history and my flag ”. How many people could describe İstanbul with sucha powerful and genuine language? Vahapzade is one of the exceptional thinkers of XX. century whose heart usedto beat for his homeland, Turkish realm and Turkey. In this article, his struggle is studied. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18002 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18002 Yalçın BAY In the study, it is aimed to emphasize the importance of vocabulary teaching in the process of learning how to read. In accordance with this goal, vocabulary teaching is given in the reading books of kindergarten and primary school first grade students in Michigan, the U.S.A by using document review in order to set an example for vocabulary teaching studies in Turkey. Within this scope, 12 reading books, six of which are for kindergarten and six of which are for first grade, were studied in total. “Visual reading, phoneme awareness, comprehension, writing awareness (the first reading book), frequently used words, phonemes, listening and writing, words, listening and speaking, visual reading, and picture dictionaries at the end of each book” are included in kindergarten reading books. On the other hand, in primary school first grade reading books, “audio-vocabulary, phoneme awareness, phonemes, frequently used words, social works, listening and speaking, handwriting, reading fluently, (in 1-5 reading books), picture dictionary (R1 and 2 reading books), glossary(for 3,4 and 5 reading books), vocabulary test, and learnt vocabulary list at the end of each book” are included. As a result of document review, 108 phoneme awareness, 26 letter and writing awareness, 26 letters, 29 phonemes, 1054 words, 288 sentences, 390 visuals and 36 topics were identified in kindergarten reading books. On the other hand, it is determined that 46 phoneme awareness, 104 phonemes, 25 letters, 1217 words, 351 sentences, 163 visuals, 108 topics take place in the first graders' reading book. It is expected for this study to contribute to the field in terms of presenting a foreign country example of how teaching reading is practiced in reading books. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17971 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17971 Ebubekir BOZAVLI Words in a natural language form the basis of oral and written communication. In the mother tongue while words are acquired in case of interaction in the current environment, they are learned in a conscious way when it comes to formal education in foreign languages. This study aims evaluation of the effectiveness of audio-visual materials in teaching vocabulary in a foreign language. The study sample consists of the three specimens selected from applications "7 jours sur la planete" on the website "TV 5 Monde /Apprendre le français" and of 17 mixed students determined on a voluntary basis in the department of French Language Education. In the context of vocabulary lesson placed in curriculum for 2nd grade of elementary school, the applications have been made during 3 weeks. Insights various issues related to the agenda of the world, video images prepared professionally as a pedagogical for a period of 2-3 minutes and supported written application were selected. From each of applications, 20 words considered participants did not know previously were identified et applications were taken in the form of work before and after applying of the first week, work of 2 weeks and work of 3 weeks. Three applications have continued until terminated. The obtained data were carried out with the SPSS package program and the results were interpreted in a descriptive approach. While quantity of works known correctly before starting in practice were limited in all applications, it is determined that the ration of know worlds correctly is increased gradually at the end of the 3rd week. Before you start working on issues, a participant who did not know any of 20 words was able to reach an average of 45% minimum and of 100 % maximum at the end of study. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17936 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17936 Mesut BULUT Grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. Undoubtedly, language is the primary element that makes a society and a nation. The unity of language is crucial because it is the primary element that what makes a nation. Therefore, language education is a subject which every nation must lay emphasis on and pay attention to. It is an undeniable fact that as a nation there are some problems in the development of our language. Teaching grammar is the description and explanation process of grammar meaningfully within the framework of set of rules. Thus, instruction of grammar structures which compose the main structure of a language is a condition which must be approached delicately. It is a fact that while teaching Turkish grammar, contradictions in terms are experienced due to some problems. Because the course contents identified by Council of Higher Education (YÖK) and teachers and pre-service teachers raised according to different academic perspectives encountered differences in the curriculum of Ministry of National Education (MEB), being in a dilemma, they are asked to forget a set of knowledge they have learned and known, inhibiting its implementation…being exposed to such expressions as “Here is not a university!...” It is possible to evaluate such approaches encountered in teaching grammar as the first reflections of contradictions in terms. Of course, there will be different approaches to grammar, but if different approaches begin to threaten the unity of language, it becomes very important to approach this subject carefully. This study discussed the reflections of contradictions in terms in teaching Turkish grammar on language and the answer to the question what problems such contradictions in terms caused about the unity in language was sought. It was found in the study that contradictions in terms in teaching grammar triggered instability in language; therefore, it was concluded that all educators and linguistics should give some thought to this subject and seek ways to solve the problem. A set of evaluations were made about some contradiction based problems with this study and solutions were suggested for these problems. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18031 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18031 Dilek CERAN, Emine KARABACAK The comprehensive purpose of mother tongue instruction is to develop four basic linguistic skills (reading, listening, speaking, and writing) within a planned curriculum. The most important tools in the process of mother tongue instruction and teaching are the texts. The characteristics of texts determine the quality of the mentioned process. Literary, generated, original and special texts are included in course books in general. Among these texts, literary texts are the works in which language is used most correctly and beautifully, and which have artistic value. These texts having artistic quality reflect the socio-cultural situation of a society that they belong to, the features of the era in which they are composed, and they are also the outstanding representatives of the mother tongue. One of these texts is the story which children encounter at an early age and read willingly. Therefore, these stories are among the important materials for Turkish lesson. The stories of Ömer Seyfettin, who is one the most important representatives of story writing in Turkish literature, have been read admiringly by many people since the period that they were written. In this study, the utility of the text entitled Falaka, which is one of the most read stories of Ömer Seyfettin, was evaluated in terms of Turkish instruction. Considering the notion that what function the story, entitled Falaka, written by Ömer Seyfettin would undertake in terms of Turkish instruction, the document review method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was employed in the research. The text was examined in the sense of appropriateness to the general objectives of Turkish curriculum, vocabulary, sentence structure, readability, consistency and story map. In consequence of obtained results, it is believed that the story Falaka is a text that can be employed in Turkish instruction in terms of the mentioned factors. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17956 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17956 Nurettin ÇALIŞKAN Ottoman literature called Divan represents a well-established tradition that aims to reach perfectness in style and use of language. Turkish language that seemed to be insufficient to create its own poetic language against Persian has claimed its own independence in poetry having been improved and enriched by hundreds of poets until Nef’i’s era. Nef’i, one of the pioneering poets of the 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17979 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17979 Zeynep ÇETİN KÖROĞLU Errors and mistakes in foreign language use is the reflection of learners’ language learning process. Learners can profit from their errors if appropriate feedback is provided after errors or mistakes have committed by learners. Even in modern times errors have not been tolerated in language classrooms and seen as a deficiency in language use. However, according to important scholars errors present a view which is related with learners’ discovery of a foreign language. Within the light of this perspective the current research aimed to analyze Turkish EFL learners’ errors with error analysis approach. Besides, this study investigated grammatical errors in a corpus 23 persuasive essays written by 23 Turkish EFL students at Gazi University, Turkey. The participants were fourth-year student teachers of Arabic language teaching department. They had educated approximately same number of years of education in primary, secondary and high school education. Their exposure to English language is quite limited especially in listening and speaking skills. The instrument used in current study is students’ written persuasive essays. Participants’ grammatical errors classified, identified and categorized. The result of the study shows that participants made intralingual errors, L1 transfer in preposition use, interlingual errors especially overgeneralization, ignorance of rule restriction and incomplete application of rules. Error Analysis approach has been utilized in present research and the results show that Turkish EFL students committed mostly interlingual errors in their persuasive essays. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18023 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18023 Mehmet ÇEVİK “Change” as an indispensable rule of the nature is naturally an inevitable process for culture and all products produced under the umbrella of culture, too. The emergence of this process often occurs in multiple and complex structures that cannot be explained by one reason. In this sense, any change in any field may generally have a variety of reasons which affect each other. However, the change in the culture and tradition is mostly related with the concept of “function”. In fact, the sustainance of any element of culture or tradition may merely continue as long as it retains the functionality. In particular, a tradition whose functions are satisfied by other sources is subject to change over time and then disappear. In such a case, the tradition concerned either transforms into another tradition/s form or remains in history as a cultural memory or completely forgotten. In this sense, tradition of storytelling in Turkish folk literature has emerged due to some cultural changes in the historical process. However, cultural changes experienced with the spread of written and electronic culture space especially since the last quarter of the 20th century have led to the loss of the function of this tradition. The popular media strengthened with the transition to the information age has become to the point of being an alternative of tradition of storytelling in terms of the function through its instrument such as television and internet. In this study, the tradition of storytelling in Turkish oral culture has been dealt with the context of cultural change and Functional Folklore Theory and the current situation of the tradition has been theoretically discussed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17995 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17995 Arzu ÇİFTOĞLU ÇABUK Becauce basmalah is considered as the beginning of every action in the Turkish culture, it is also given much importance to its writing in the translations of the Quran. According to the documents we have, the first translation of the basmalah, belongs to the period of Karahanlı Turkish. In the other historical periods of Turkish translation of basmalah is made. Some scholars says that because basmalah can not be fully translated to another language, it should be left in the original Arabic form. On the other hand, some of scholars have translated basmalah as other versus in the Quran. These are given as annotated or in the form of word for word translation. In some Quran translations, both of the the Arabic original shape of basmalah and its Turkish translation are written together. Basmalah consists of four elements as “b’ism”, “Allah”, “rahman” and “rahim”. “B’ism” has been translated as atı birle adıyıla, ism-i şerifiyle, adına, ismiyle. The translation of “Allah” is Ugan, İ?i, Tañrı, Tanrı Te’âlâ, Allah-ı Te’âlâ. For “rahman” the words bagırsak, bagışlaguçı, üküş rahmetlig, rûzî bergen, ulug bahşişlıg, yarlıkagan, merhametli, esirgeyen, esirgeyici are used. “Rahim” is given as bagışlaguçı, ulaşu yarlıkagan, yarlıkaguçı, rahmeti lâzım, ra?mat ?ılıcı, rahmet edici, bağışlayıcı in the Turkish translations of the Quran. As the protected verb başla-, oku-, tilavete baş- has been selected. In the some examples of basmalah translations, “Allah”, “rahman” ve “rahim” remains originally. In this study how the basmalah takes place in the Turkish translations of the Quran will be emphasized and it will be focused on the basmalah translations. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18036 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18036 Özlem DEMİREL DÖNMEZ Sound event is named as back-front vowel or backness harmony in Turkish words or Turkified words having first syllable back- front harmony in the following syllables as well. In reality the vowel harmony and sound harmony following it which is seen in Turkish and Turkey Turkish is not more than a euphonism. As a result of this euphonism backing and fronting sound events occur. In Turkish, there is a strong palatal harmony. This harmony showed up in old Turkish period and it became very strong in Old Anatolian Turkish, today it is seen that even the suffixes which were the exceptions to this harmony are in harmony now. Palatal harmony which is very strong in written Turkey Turkish, is comparatively dying off in Anatolian and Rumelian idiolects. Among our living dialects, it is seen that palatal harmony is very weak in Uzbek and New Uigur dialects. In this study, among the Anatolian idiolects, the idiolects of Rize, Erzincan and Urfa city idiolects are investigated in terms of affix level language disharmony and the affixes which caused this disharmony were identified. Then these affixes are investigated under two titles as causing disharmony by the addition of front vowels to the back vowel roots and the addition of back vowels to front vowel roots. Finally in the above mentioned three idiolects, by identifying the shared disharmony, they are compared with the back-front vowel affixes which break the harmony in Uzbek and Uigur Turkish in terms of palatal harmony. In this way the shared affixes which are going far from palatal harmony are identified. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17957 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17957 Fethi DEMİR Dersim 1938 Process is one the biggest events in recent political history; which reflects to novel in a way and is a subject for literature as well as political, social, cultural studies. It is challening to cast an artistic form to this tragic period which is both a responsibility and an important resourse for literature. Both the bitterness of the event and its social trauma becloud to tell it in an artistic form. It can be said that novels trying to tell the Dersim tragedy by a political perspective have problems about their messages, if we leave aside the modern samples. Thus, in these political novels, telling the Dersim tragedy by a harsh, rude, biased perspective leads to greater destruction instead of the collective subconscious treatment complications. Consequently, it is quite interesting Dersim 1938, narratives advocating the thesis opposing about events have similiar features. For example, Haydar Isık trying to reflect the Dersim tragedy from the window of the victim works all elements of the novel, from fiction to the people, from time to space, from language to expression, randomly because he flaps to state his ideas about the period in a style of political-agitational in his novel, Dersimli Memik Ağa. Unable to maintain a certain level of literary sense, Haydar Isık's his only positive thing is to show courage to tell a subject that is very difficult and dangerous to talk and to discuss, with the massacre, the pain, the exile; but the intellectual responsibility and courage is not enough to translate Dersimli Memik Aga into a novel. On the other hand, although Barbaros Baykara's novel, Dersim 1937 tells Dersim 1938 Events as a trap for Republic of Turkey and Kemalism defends opposing theses, it has the same literary defects. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18132 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18132 Muhittin ELİAÇIK The tawjih which located between meaning arts as a rhetorical term , one often been dealt under different names in the rhetorical books. Tawjih which was located between meaning arts (tevriye, iham, müshakele, mugalata-i manaviyya, cinas-ı manevî etc.), in the first places of eloquence books is described. This art has been referred as iham and muhtemel-zıddeyn in some rhetorical book. This art is said a word in a sentence may come to understand two opposite. In Tawjih art is said a word both praise and satire with possibility. With similarity cause, this art is mixed with arts of tevriye and îhâm. This art has taken place in most of the rhetoric books and has been described in citations from each other. This art is described with a verse from the Qur'an in the Miftah al-olum which is one of the first rhetorical books. Definition and example in this book was involved with a small changes in the later books. Name of this art situated in eloquence books after the Tanzimat, some books are given in several ways; besides for this art examples have been given is different. In this article certain eloquence books the information about this art is laid out in a comparative manner. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18114 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18114 Mehmet ERDOĞAN Humanbeing was within a communication in all periods of history and was invented variety of means to improve communication. In the last centuries, some of the most important means of communication were doubtlessly newspapers and magazines. The Ayine magazine, that we worked on it, is consisting of humor. We thought that we must examine this magazine which was published in a critical period like National Struggle. The owner of the magazine is Semih Lutfi and the editor is Esreb Nesib.Yusuf Ziya, who started to write in the magazine beginning from 9th issue, is the most seen name along with his pen names.In other words, Yusuf Ziya was taken on the magazine. The magazine, which is published as 72 issues, consisted of 4 pages in each issue.The publishing dates of the magazine was constantly changed; they published 42 issues on Thursday,26 issues on Wednesday and 4 issues on Tuesday even if they were published on different dates. In the National Struggle period, the Ayine magazine was supported this act.They tried to keep high public's morale with their writings and on the other hand they tried to keep down enemy's morale by the writings that humorously written. They tried to fulfill this aim by including poems,stories,paragraphs,wits to the magazine.It has an importance from the point of view lighting up the public about this subject. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18055 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18055 Oğuz ERGENE Since ancient times, the society’s lifestyle that they have sustained, livelihoods that they have benefited, their values, priorities, beliefs, attitudes towards certain events are reflected in language which cover all aspects of cultural identity and becomes clear with data related to language. In this respect, it can be understood from some lexical items living in language that Turkish society has known many domestic and wild animal species, classified them according to particular features, and benefited from themselves or their products. Turkish dialects have vocabulary that is detailed and rich in terms of animal naming. In dialects, animals’ qualifications and situations that can be varying according to specific criterions are dealt with a comprehensive assessment; so the naming is being done via these parallel determinants. At the same time, it is seen that some examples meet different qualities of the same animal or more than one animal with types of qualifications and use animals that have different meaning relation for naming humans and objects. In this article, it is attempted to present determiners that have been used for naming animals based on Turkish dialects. Thus, it is aimed to specify features- based upon in dialects for naming animals that have an important role in Turkish society life- and related criterions; objectify approaches and priorities in this field by utilizing linguistic outputs, within the naming context exemplify the expressive power and facilities of Turkish. The data in this context is obtained by searching some studies about Turkish dialects, especially Dictionary Compilation (TDK 1993). The classification experiment conducted in this study is created starting from the data that has been obtained. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17983 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17983 Abdulkadir ERKAL Divan poetry for centuries in the ongoing tradition created their own terminology, has set up his own symbolic language of poetry. Symbolism in Divan poetry is remarkably excessive coding products. Divan poetry tradition and love that loving of Technical Terms (mazmun the / symbol) mainly came from the well-known Sufi terminology, it is a fact. Divan poets, Sufi metaphor adorned with the rich, meaningful words, phrases and terms that have benefited from greatly. At the beginning of this concept 'amazing' and 'insanity' means. Amazing, about God being ambitious, being unhappy, fear and pleasure in the same way, trust and hope is a stop between. In the terminology of the disciples of Divan poetry lover who wants to achieve the main objective is stunned after authorities is insanity. Insanity, but also because of the love of practical wisdom in leading the discourse in the sense of a 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18058 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18058 Süleyman EROĞLU Zâkirî Hasan Efendi was one of the famous figures who made his mark as a Sufi, composer and poet in the field of science and art in the 17th century. Although there is limited information about him in the sources, Zâkirî is known to have joined the Sufi community with his commitment to a religious sect called Halvetiye. Being in charge as a head religious songster in the Nûreddin-zâde Dervish Lodge for many years, he was appointed as a preacher to Kazancılar Mosque. Besides fulfilling these duties, Zâkirî became known for his compositions by the musical society. He gained recognition for the compositions he made in the form of mosque music which was a kind of religious Turkish music, but unfortunately only a few of his compositions have reached the present day. Besides being a famous composer, Zâkirî is also known to have written poems in line with the tradition of religious-mystic literature. Because of his Sufi personality, the poet used the nickname Zâkirî for his poems. He adopted a notably simple and clear language in his poems instead of being preoccupied with artistic purposes in the form of syllabic meter and aruz wezni. Like many other Sufi poets, he expressed his Sufi thoughts with his poems and hence tried to show the public the true way. His poems were not compiled in a separate work either in his period or later on, but it is possible to come across Zâkirî’s poems in some written journals and junks. His 4 poems were published by Vasfi Mahir Kocatürk. One of these journals including the poems of Zâkirî is kept as Mecmû’a-i Eş’âr numbered 2708 in Bursa İnebey Manuscript Librarian Ulucami. In this article, the above mentioned Mecmû’a-i Eş’âr is introduced and some information about Zâkirî is presented as well. The article also includes some of the poems of Zâkirî we found out in the journal and a poem previously published by Vasfi Mahir Kocatürk which was not included into the journal. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18030 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18030 Mehmet Halil ERZEN "Annotation" work that we can define as an information for the reader and an effort to make clear the text is originally based on the commentaries penned in order to understand the Quran. In the annotation of the literary works, the idea that the reader's knowledge and experience will not be able to be sufficient to understand the text in question has been a basic starting point. It has been seen that the classical annotation procedure was mainly adopted on the annotation works in the Ottoman literature. The classical annotation procedure includes the literal features of the work; basic, phrasal and metaphoric meanings of the words; grammar knowledge and some literary arts located in the work. Both prose and verse annotations have been done in our literature, but mostly focused on the annotation of the works of Sufism. The annotation and translations of the works of Sufism as Masnavi, Gulistan, Divan of Hafiz, Bostan, Bahâristân, Matla'u'l-Envâr, Mantıku't-Tayr are quite common. Of the 16th century interpriters, Şem'î Şem'ullâh constituting the subject of this study has been known with the annotations that he realized on the basic Sufi works of the classical Persian literature and in particular with the annotation that he wrote to famous Masnavi of Mevlana. Like the other Ottoman court interpriters, Şem'î has also made his own innovations as well as adhering to the classic annotation procedure, and has mostly penned the annotations close to translate. Approaching to the translation of the annotations that Şem'î' made has arisen from keeping the meaning more in the forefront. He has opened the word which has the depth, verse and couplets and has found sufficient to translate the remaining elements. At the beginning of the differences that Şem'î' added to the classic annotation has mostly come the interpretation of the text according to the grammar characteristics and the poetry quotations supporting the review that he brought for the verse or verses. In this study, the style that Şem'î' followed in the annotation of Tuhfetü'l-Ahrar and the innovations he brought to the classic annotation has been tried to be determined with the examples from the works in question; hence, it has been thought that both the limits of Şem'î'’s annotation method would be determined and the new review and methods that he brought to his classic annotation method. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17990 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17990 Oktay ESER This paper deals with the presuppositions and intentions underlying social change through translation. Change is hard for men as well as societies to manage. It meams facing great resistance. Therefore, it requires a great effort, too. Society is not only a group of people living together, but it also consists of various sub-groups of people with similar interests. They may have different needs and embrace different ideologies. Strong ideologies tend to hold sway over other weak ideologies in society. Conflicts occur. Translators may play an important part in managing these conflicts. History can also be approached from the point of critical history which, by definition, aims to bring forward the historical reasons lying behind the events that give rise to new directions in history. This paper focuses on Étienne Dolet (1509-1546), a French translator, considered to be the first victim of the Renaissance Period in which he was burned at the stake for heresy and sedition due to the ideology of the period. A brief description of the Renaissance period was given, an example of ideology-based translation decisions was provided and some solutions were suggested by drawing on the Theory of Communicative Action put forward by Jürgen Habermas, one of the most prominent thinkers of the Critical Theory. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18131 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18131 Ayşe Güçlü AVCIOĞLU Meaning map of culture had gradually enlarged throughouth history. It has also changed the human being with whom it interacted in the process. It helped people to experience nature through cultural forms. Language, religion, morality, art, art, economics, politics, the sense of fun, myth, science and philosophy are the forms in which culture appears. These forms had been shaped in social life and had also changed. Societies that changed were regarded as civilized. Moreover, civilized and cultured had the same meaning. However, civilized societies had a break as time passed. The meanings of the terms culture and civilization become different. This break bore consequences that would be named “cultural schizophrenia”. Literature has become the way of reflecting experience (life) in the environment of cultural schizophrenia. The relationship between culture and literature has been studied under the name of cultural studies. Cultural elements in society and their reflections in literary works are emphasized in the analyses. Turkish literature has met a lot of culture in the historical process. The cultural changes and breaks influenced literature. Selim İleri is a writer who had lived the critical periods of cultural changes. İleri generally discussed the position of society and culture through intellectuals in his novels. He deal with political thoughts, economics discussion, problems of education, deterioration in moral and religious values and cultural degeneration in the social and cultural structure. He made use of cultural elements of the past in his novels. Thus, he helped the i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18113 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18113 Emrah GÜLÜM Turks showed intense effort for spreading Islam and clearing Islamic teaching and culture after taking over Islamic religion. Therefore, they tried to create a figure of “ideal Islamic leader” by using lots of historical characters as a part of their spoken literature. One of the most important character was Hz. Ali became famous with bravery and courage. There is a literary type named “cenkname” within narrating Hz. Ali’s fictional and sometimes historical battles and jihads. In the ‘cenkname’s written since the 13th century, the main characters are Hz. Hasan, Hz. Hüseyin and Muhammed Hanefi besides Hz. Ali. Thus, some of the ‘cenkname’s are i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18133 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18133 Seçil HİRİK Negation category that address to an unperformed/uncompleted event or case has a close relationship with certainty category which reflects information of the speaker’s sureness and trust with the mentioned event or case. In the existence of this relationship, there is the influence of deep structure, data background which is given in the clauses and metalinguistic usage of negation. The realis and irrealis discrimination which lies behind modality shapes certainty and negation semantic field and arranges the relationship between them. According to the mentioned modality discrimination, negation is situated in the irrealis side. Irreal expressions can be seen in the narration of uncompleted or unperformed event or case. Making the certainty close to negation is speaker’s having information on an event or case that hasn’t (yet) come true in real life. Mentioned information has certainty from the point of speaker. It is expected markers to be mutual which shows certainty and negation category in language. When considered from this point of view, the markers which encode negation and certainty in sentences can be organised in three groups: 1. The ones which seem negative and carry negation and certainty, 2. The ones which seem negative and carry affirmativeness and certainty, 3. The ones which seem positive and carry negation and certainty. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18056 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18056 Ümit HUNUTLU Yusufeli, located in Çoruh river basin where occured sovereignty wars of Kıpçak and Oğuz nations in the history, has remarkable properties in terms of dialect researches. Simple present tense and present continuous tense conjugations which have differences in Turkey Turkish dialects as well as in historical and contemporary Turkish dialects show their own unique characteristics in Ersis dialect depending on the region's historical and cultural formation. In Ersis dialect, erosion, single form or unmarked (/.Ø./) functional elements that are seen in simple present tense and present continuous tense conjugations need to search with language economy in the region's historical and cultural texture. In this study, /-r/, / (y)Er/, /-(y)Ür/ suffix used in simple present tense and present continuous tense conjugations have been examined and focused on functional differences of these. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18026 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18026 Cemil İNAN The present study was carried out to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the mathematics attitudes of secondary school students who are candidates for higher education. The research sample included 920 students attending secondary schools in such cities as Diyarbakir, Mardin and Batman in the Spring Term of the academic year of 2013-2014. For the analysis of the data, correlation t-test, ANOVA and multivariate techniques were conducted. From the draft scale including 46 items, a Likert-type 25-item scale was developed. Regarding the reliability of the scale, the internal consistency coefficients, test-retest and parallel forms reliability were calculated. For the whole scale, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was found as 0.942. In order to determine whether the difference between the mean scores was statistically significant or not, independent t-test was applied. As a result, it was found out that the mathematics attitude scale had construct validity. In addition, for the discriminant validity of the scale, the relationship between the Self-Monitoring Scale and the Mathematics Attitude Scale was examined. The fact that the mathematics attitude scale did not have a significant relationship with different variables could be said to demonstrate that the scale had discriminant validity. Regarding the validity of the scale, the construct validity, factor analysis and the similar scale validity were found. The high level of relationship between the Mathematics Attitude Scale and the Geometry Attitude Scale as well as the factor analysis results supported the construct validity of the scale. According to the results obtained via the research findings, the Mathematics Attitude Scale could be considered as a measurement tool with its high level of validity and reliability. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18047 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18047 Sedat İNCE All men perceive their world and themselves through their five senses. All knowledge about the world, themselves and others, all opinion they develop, depends on the data gathered by their senses. The model of the world which created during this process, although like identity and character based on the knowledge acquired with and by the human senses. All data that reach the person from the world outside of him/her are visual, audial, kinesthetic, gustatorial and olfactativ. To turn the data that reach the person in pieces into complete information related to meaning and to share this information it needed to be coded as language. The codes which created during the coding process are also related to the system of sense they come from. So there will be concepts of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and smelling by the processing of codes. In fact of the progress in technology, media and communication most of the perception depends on seeing followed by hearing and touching. So it’s not too far to claim that there are many codes created in used language which are grounded on the senses of seeing, hearing and touching. Therefor the aim of this study is to examine the influence of the senses on the usage of language and if there is a relation between sense and speech. In this context of a qualitative research design a group of nine test subjects was constituted by a pretest. Further there were determined a group of words according to the sensual systems. The test subjects were asked a structured and open ending question for each sense and their answers recorded by digital video. Afterwards their speech was transcript and the vocabulary they used defined. The defined vocabulary compared with the word groups of the sense to show the frequency of their usage. Finally the results are discussed depending on the theory of world field. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18110 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18110 Muhammet Selim İPEK Abdurrahman Munif is one of the most talented novelists of the twentieth century. He has tried to change the literary environment of this region on the basis of Arab cultural and political concerns that have lived in Arap world and he has been an important leader of the Arab literature in a short time. The most prominent feature of Munif is his fighting on injustice. The amazing thing is, it's not limited to only one region of the studies that have been made against these injustices, including Saudi Arabia, is prohibited in all Arab countries. Despite all of these Munif, sometimes described some imaginary places and insist on writing these places. he has placed real events and characters İnto this fantasy place. Political stories written by him, will change the things that Arabs have become accustomed and especially the ordinary people. Munif perhaps most worrisome thing when creating their works has been the concept of time. He refers to people’s lives and their experience instead of giving the concept of time clearly and he is not limited within a certain process while describing the events in the works. Obviously the literature did not like much of a limitation throughout his life. Munif wanted all his works to have a solid structure and had been criticized as heavy a language novelists that do not act in this way. He has tought not only upon the issues of oil and injustice in his novels but also has aimed to provide information about the city and people living there. Munif has tried to adress, in several novel, backwardness that took place between small groups living in the desert and so emerging issues. The most demanded of these novels are Şarqu'l-Mutavassıt and al-Nihâyât and Mudun el-Milh. In this article, the name of the last three novels have also been given a lot of aspects of the assay. These novels that evaluated in terms of time, space and style are address to agents acting on change of community structure of socio-economic of the Arab geography and a reproach against the existing order. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18059 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18059 Musa KAYA Yunus Emre, who was one of the greatest poets of Turkish literature, contributed to constitution and development of Anatolian Turkish with his written works in the 13th century, and made a name for himself not only in Turkey but also in various countries around the world thanks to the strength of his expressions and the language he used. That his written works are still being read widely, and that his works are being mentioned in tens of studies even after seven centuries show the strength and richness of the poetry of Yunus Emre. In several studies conducted, it was tried to produce new and authentic works by making use of his poetic richness and experiences. The Turks have a culture dating back to very old times, and a well-established literary tradition, as well. Producing qualified works blended with the national culture and universal values, which is brought by having a deep-rooted past and a strong tradition, is considered one of the vital issues of Turkish literature and education system. In this context, it is quite important to examine the works of Turkish literature belonging to old periods from different perspectives in the studies conducted nowadays, and to suggest in which ways and domains to make use of these works. This study, thus, was designed to reveal the contribution of the Divan of Yunus Emre to Turkish language teaching through determining the expressions related to instruction of reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills, and development of them, which could be found in the Divan of Yunus Emre, and which are the domains of Turkish language learning. As a result of the examination, 40 findings related to speaking skill, 16 findings related to listening skill, and 13 findings related to reading skill were obtained. There was no finding about writing skill. Each of the findings obtained for each of language skills was classified and interpreted. In conclusion, it was discovered that a method of language teaching in accordance with the main principles of philosophy of education was adopted by addressing the issue with a Sufistic approach in the Divan of Yunus Emre. In addition, it was emphasized that it should be benefited from the Divan in different levels and domains of language teaching. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18092 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18092 Yasemin KIRKGÖZ The quality and effectiveness of English-as-a-foreign-language instruction versus native language instruction in higher education worldwide is an issue of concern for language policy and planning (LPP) scholars. This study investigates the perceptions of two comparable groups of final-year engineering students at a Turkish institution of higher education: one has received Turkish medium of instruction (TMI), and the other English medium of instruction (EMI). Final-year students responded to a questionnaire, which aimed to elicit their perceptions of benefits and any perceived challenges to learning disciplinary knowledge, what disciplinary knowledge meant to them, the impact of the language used as the medium of instruction on their learning, and their preference for the language used as the medium of instruction. Focus-group interviews were held with those students who volunteered to participate. An additional source of data was obtained from examination papers, and grades received in the two comparable courses. While several commonalities between the two groups were identified, EMI students’ detailed acquisition of disciplinary knowledge was found to be largely ineffective, while TMI students were largely successful. Implications of the findings for further LPP in-practice for teaching in institutions of higher education are discussed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18052 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18052 Şengül KOCAMAN While writing Roberto Zucco which was his last play and was published after his death, Bernard Koltes, one of the most important writers of the French Literature, is inspired by a real-life event that occupied the agenda of the French media in 1987: Roberto Zucco is the story of an Italian serial killer who murdered his father at the age of 24 and continued his murders by killing his mother and a teenager after escaping from prison. Expressing that he saw the mugshot of that serial killer in the subway and that he was fascinated by his face, Koltes creates a contemporary myth from the “ordinary-appearing” story of Succo by referring to such myths as “Samson, Dalilah, Oedipus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and Minotaur”. The protagonist of the play, Zucco, murders people without any clear reason or purpose. His behaviors are totally insane. The writer does not try to understand, narrate or explain these insane behaviors but rather transforms Zucco into a legendary protagonist. Interestingly, while Zucco is expected to evoke “worry”, “fear”, and “hatred” in the audience through his murders, he becomes the “saint” for those around himby evoking admiration in them. He does not become a murderer by killing his mother, father and the inspector, but rather a supernatural creature that has the power to change the destiny of those he killed. Now, the act of murdering is no longer a negative act, but rather a positive one. While such concepts as family, society, politics, loneliness, happiness, and violence are questioned in the path of murders, the act of killing people clearly directs us to think about our humanity. At this point, it is important to note that while writing Roberto Zucco, the writer was aware that he had arrived at the last stage of his life due to being infected with AIDS. The notion that human beings are destined to death is integrated into this work through Zucco, and thus Koltes is, in a sense, identified with Zucco. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18105 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18105 Esin KUMLU Although it is impossible to experience the beauty of childhood throughout of our lives thanks to the miraculous power of literature as readers we symbolically have the chance of entering such a fairytale-like and naive world. In relation with this, Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland and Elif Şafak’s Pinhan are significant examples of such a magic realistic childish world. In both novels, the protagonists are children and the fantastic fictionalized worlds of the children are told through the perspective of the child’s eye. The significant point is the fact that although the protagonists are children they reflect not only the child world but also the adult world in which the spiritual transformation of each human being is portrayed. Once Alice’s and Pinhan’s transformation process have been analyzed it is found out that they are interrelated with each other through common cultural codes and Pinhan and Alice deconstructed these cultural codes that are imposed by the society. The spiritual journey of the two children begins with the symbol ‘ring’ and ended up with ‘water.’ It can be asserted that comparative reading of the texts create a bridge between the two novels, which can be regarded as two texts that cannot interact with each other, and that kind of a reading successfully triggers off an alternative reading process. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18203 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18203 Fatma Sabiha KUTLAR OĞUZ Mehmed Nebîl Bey was a classical 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17993 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17993 Emin OBA, Dinçer ÖZTÜRK , Hulisi GÜRBÜZ Mehmet Akif Ersoy is an exemplary model in terms of his literary personality, morality and lifestyle. Mehmet Akif known as a poet for National Anthem, was enthroned in the hearts of Turkish people. He have conquered the hearts of Turkish people not only those who lives in Turkey but also others living all around the world. In our study, we have tried to provide information about Mehmet Akif's Islamist ideas and activities. His ideas and his efforts for Islamism has been mentioned. Especially, his understanding of Islamism and his expectations from Islamist people are taken into account while studying his works. Mehmet Akif defended the idea of living Islam as people who were performing Islam during the age of Prophet called "Asr-ı Saadet" (Golden era of Islam). He lectured this idea many times in his speeches. In this study, I want to focus more Akif's preaches, talks done in Anatolia such as Kastamonu Nasrullah Mosque Sermon, Balikesir Zağanos Pasha Mosque Sermon. Moreover, Mehmet Akif's activities in the National Struggle and his ideas have been submitted here. Akif always supported the idea that is Muslim societies cannot live under rule of the non-Muslim communities. During the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, he suggested the idea of freedom which was self- determination of states by each nations living under Ottoman Empire. He gave support to National Struggle in all platforms with his ideas. For this aim, he has been preached many times in various parts of Anatolia and called people to support National Struggle. In addition, our study included information about Akif in the perspective of "Sebilü’r-Reşad" and "Sırat-ı Müstakim". Akif supported the National Struggle with his works through these magazines. Furthermore, Mehmet Akif's political view is being focused. Basically, he abstained from all kinds of politics. He even avoided using the word "politics". He took refuge in Allah from politics. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17968 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17968 Mehmet ÖZDEMİR The Masnavi of Mevlana Rumi is one of the most important works of art that affected the Turkish Literature deeply. With the statements of İsmâîl Rüsûhî-yi Ankaravî, also known as Hazret-i Şârih (the Excellency of the Commentators), the Masnavi is a secret treasure full of essence and gems. Various commentaries and annotations of the Masnavi have been released throughout history in order to facilitate the better understanding of this secret treasure, and make it easier for those who demand these gems of literary essence. The Commentaries of the Masnavi by Ankaravî is best known among these works. This is such an important work that Ahmed Avni Konuk mentions the Commentaries of the Masnavi by Ankaravî as his first source in his work, which is another Commentary for Masnavi by him that was written nearly there hundred years after Ankaravî. Since the explanation and commentating styles of these two commentators are the reflections of their Sufi viewpoints in one sense, handling their viewpoints in a comparative manner will contribute us greatly in our understanding the development of our wisdom. There are two aims in this study. The first one is the comparison of the Sufi viewpoints of Ankaravî and Ahmed Avni Konuk that are stated in the 2nd Volume of their Masnavi Commentaries; the second one is drawing the attention of the researchers to the Commentary of Ankaravî that has not yet been studied in a scientific manner. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18009 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18009 Arif SUNAL In this article, the poems written in Chaghatai Turkish by Sâdık, a poet of man at-arms stock during the period of Murat II. , are discussed. Sâdık is a good persecutor of Ali Şîr Nevâî both by his mentioning of Nevâî with praise and with his eighty-nine poems written in Chaghatai language. Sadık, not only made mention of Ali Şîr Nevâî but also adopted his manner and style. His poems and Arabic and Persian, unitings and naats written in the style of ghazals and rumours that he had seven collected poems lead us to Ali Şîr Nevâî. As known, there are poems especially in Persian, seven collected poems and naats in the style of ghazals by Ali Şîr Nevâî. Particularly, Ottoman poets of 16. century are known to write poems under Ali Şîr Nevâî’s affect. Both the period’s fashion and Nevâî’s fame during this period and also the willing of poets to show their talents in literature and science might have caused these poems to be written. Whatever cause they were written these poems show that Ottoman face to the lands they had come from, that is to the East. In the 16. century, capturing the affect of Ali Şîr Nevâî on Ottoman field in the person of the poet Sâdık from Edirne will be an invitation to discover the interaction of two Turkish fields which seem to be parted in terms of their fate and language after Turkish centuries lasting long march towards the West. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18106 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18106 Elmas ŞAHİN The hunting has an important place in old Turkish tradition. Because the most important source of nutrition is based on agriculture and livestock; the i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18081 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18081 Cafer ŞEN The relationship between the signifier and the signified in the classical structuralist theory, the signifier conceptand the sound image as the indicator of this concept is fixed in terms of meaning. But in the poststructural concept, the signifie disconsidered as a state of amphibian in the text. Thus, it has been proposed that the meaning of the signifier could haven ever been fixed. Therefore, while the structuralists move toward the dictionary, poststructuralists like Jacques Derrida and Jaques Lacan draw the attention to emerging dialogue. They emphasize on discourse analysis. According to Derrida exercising a lot on these, this kind of analysis can not be imposed on any assets of love over text outside of text. At this point Derrida does not recognize any transcendent beyond dialogue and he develops the signifier and the signified concepts of transcendantal. The concept of transcendental signified implies the core, truth or reality rather thant hought, language and primary function of experience. The un question able meaning of such signifiers reveal what the transcendental signified is. In the content of the transcendental signified are God, idea, tin, root, superego, phallus so on. The ‘Big Eye’ image signifier in ‘The Big Eye’ story by Mehmet Zaman Saçlıoğlu, is the indicator of the transcendental signified in the amphibian environment. The transcendental signified and the transcendental signifier can only be mapped by commenting. At this point, the Big Eye's transcendental signified is an objective point of view belonging to the object. Because the Big Eye is composed of thousands of eye sandal so the owner of the objective look of the object in front of the character of the story. The second transcendental signified of the Big Eye is an objective tin field because it forces the subjective tin field of character of the story to be negative. The third transcendental signified of the Big Eye is Superego because it constantly monitors the character and make shim disturbed before the law. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17939 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17939 Şehnaz ŞİŞMANOĞLU ŞİMŞEK Ömer Seyfettin managed to fit into his 36 year life a large corpus of stories and essays running to 7 volumes. The second proclamation of the Meşrutiyet (Constitution) in 1908 (the 10th of July, 1324 according to the Muslim calender), also called the Revolution of 1908 by some historians, and the period following this proclamation had a huge impact on Seyfettin. A main focus of Seyfettin,who started to write around 1902, was the Second Constitutional Era (II. Meşrutiyet), the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), the Unionists and the ideas evolving around these. Ömer Seyfettin first as a soldier, and later as a “columnist” and a “storyteller”, played a part in this process and also gave it direction through his essays and stories. In this study, some of Ömer Seyfettin’s selected stories and essays are used to analyse, and to understand the dynamics behind his ideas about the Constitution era, the CUP and the Unionists. It is observed that Seyfettin, who was a soldier in Rumelia after the proclamation of the Meşrutiyet, strengthened his relations with the CUP after leaving the military and coming to Salonica. He was especially influential in the formation of the culture programme of the Committee after 1908 through being one of the theorists of the “New Language” movement and through his contributions to the journal Genç Kalemler. However, it cannot be said that his ideas about the Constitution era, the CUP and the Unionists stayed the same through the whole period, nor did he support the Unionists’ ideals all the time. Looking at the essays and stories he wrote in different periods one can conclude that sometimes he is an enthusiastic supporter of the Unionists and at other times he violently criticizes them depending on circumstances. Certainly, it is not possible to narrate in a single story the multifaceted CUP which shaped the “longest 10 years” of the Ottoman Empire from 1908 to 1918. Seyfettin’s articles and short stories and his changing attitudes may be taken to be a reflection of this. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17505 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17505 Bünyamin TAN Sargozasht-namahes, a memory of the period is written, they are poets or witnessed the events described in his early works. Who can give a place on the events in the fictional works of poets. However, the actual events are enriched by poets kurmacalarla. Including societal values and cultural elements of the works were written in this period is extremely important due to submit sections of everyday events. Hoja Nesh'et's worked on one of these works in the sargozasht-namahes. The work of a widow living in the community, the solution of a difficult situation and the situation described in the second event of the provision of a marriage. Point of view of the society are meselsine widowhood. This also reflects the distinction of being the adventure-name is a mirror of society. Also in this work, to participate in a war poet's stay in a city where live events are located. Relationships between people and their daily life in the form of a closed society of male-female relationships become extremely tight, even that is also seen. They consider people in the creation of the institution of marriage matters, in line with expectations and interests of showing what they can do are faced with a book. In fact, it's quite humorous poet penned in a language is also seen. Firstly, the definition of sargozasht-namah article-entries. Then Hoja Nesh'ets evaluation has been made about the life and work of its own being. Issues of form and content of the work finished, copies made and an assessment is made transaction is characterized transcription sargozasht-namah given in the text. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17893 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17893 Ceyda YALÇIN This study has analyzed social learning concept in foreign language teaching; it has explained the contributions of social learning system to foreign language teaching, and it has focused on social learning skills of the students in the Department of German Language Teaching at OMU in foreign language courses. It also examined the development of social learning information and skills and the contributions of social learning system to self-education by means of group works among students. Accordingly, this study has firstly investigated the application of social learning model by teachers and has explained teacher-oriented social learning form such as the conformity of extracurricular activities with social learning system; then, it has examined student-oriented social learning process; it has underlined the roles of students in this process and the responsibilities of students in social learning, and it has demonstrated psycho-social factors influencing the functioning of this process. The study has also evaluated mutual duties and responsibilities of students and teachers in terms of social learning model. In the study, a questionnaire based on social learning model has been applied to 61 first-year students in daytime and evening education in the Department of German Language Teaching of the Faculty of Education at Ondokuz Mayis University in 2013-2014 academic year. The results of the questionnaire has demonstrated that social learning model motivates students for communication and interaction, that it enforces social development, and that it improves the consciousness of mutual understanding. As a model motivating students for active participation in courses, social learning is a student-centered method in education. Since social learning method is quite useful in terms of motivation and learning, it is recommended that social learning model is applied more consciously and more prevalently in foreign language teaching. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17999 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17999 Sümeyye YILDIZ YILDIRIM, Mahmut KAPLAN Judge is authority and law man who has a major of extended duties in the Ottoman Empire. There are certain criterias for someone who is appointed as Judge. But, dissolution in administrative and politial structure which was observed in the Ottoman Empire has effected on Ottoman Justice System in the 17th century. Judge was not chosen carefully any more and they did not do their jobs adequately. Poem, the subject of our article, shed light on this dissolution. In our article, primarily, extensive information is presented related to the judgeship. Then, prominent place is given to the characteristics of the type of judge in Turkish Folklore and Literature. Judges, works in which has been examined, who take people’s property, break the law, give bad fetwah, drink alcohol, use drugs, sell provisions with bribes, behave badly to people and thereby can not provide justice,. The same charestricitic of Judge is seen our examined work. The scholars of the era also read. But they do not practice with their readings. They could tell their own mind without scholarly reference. They see themselves as master. They do not follow rules of God. Poet, who in our examining work, harshly criticized these figures and he strongly advices them. This poem which is written in the 17th century shows us that age’s dissolution in social structure by political events. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18136 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18136 Ünal ZAL Sweden’s relations with the Turkish world have continued until today through multilateral diplomatic ties that Sweden established with the Ottoman Empire and Crimean Tatars as of the sixteenth century. These extensive contacts have led to an academic interest in Turkish languages in Sweden in the course of time. One of the centers where there is academic concern is Uppsala University, and another one is Lund University. There is a collection of manuscripts written in Uzbek Turkish, Chagatai Turkish, and Uyghur Turkish in the University of Lund which previously had a special place in Turcology studies. In the collection, most of which was bought by Turcholog Gunnar Jarring, some of which was sold, and donated to the library by Swedish missioners, or some of which was bought by the university library, there are manuscripts on Islamic subjects, legal and historical documents, medical books, books on trade and sufism, and a lot of documents in which Swedish missionary activities are told in Eastern Turkistan. Copies of the works of Ali Sir Nevai written in Uigur language in Eastern Turkistan, their contents, and how they were brought to Sweden are studied in this article. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17989 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17989 Mahfuz ZARİÇ Despite of Postmodernist Criticism appears as reader centered, it is essentially Structuralist. At the development of “Postmodernist Criticism” the thoughts of “Saussure's-semiotics” and “Derrida's-deconstruction” are arbiter. Saussure entitles “sign” the combination of sounds or symbols that provides perceiving concepts. He says “signifiant” to the string of audio, text and symbols; “signifié” to the meanings and notions. However Derrida introduces concept named “differance” for draw intention to meaning ties of indicators. He also mentions contrast and dependence of “logocentrisme” and “phonocentrisme”. Researcher Structural Postmodernist Criticism which cares to the differences develops its method as stabile hesitations. Postmodernist method pursues hesitations in the text when it wants to mean deep meanings of literary text on the other hand it want to establish new doubts with its critical discourses. It wants to deconstruct the logic center of text which participated its meaning world however it reconstructs the text around the new logic center by a literary and critical discourse. Postmodernist Structural Criticism tries in general to unify in its method text-centered, writer-centered, reader-centered and sociologic criticism that they are four main trends of criticism. That method treats the text collaterally in two steps of criticism. In this method the text are discussed at first stage as “signifiant” and “signifié” at second stage. Critic behaves text and writer-centered at first phase, reader and social environment-centered at second phase. In the first step he analyzes and deconstructs the text at the second reaches to synthesis and re-configures the text. This type of criticism shows features of anti-article. However the critic attitudes ironically in its language and style. It wants to spread the pleasure of criticism to its readers. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17994 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17994 Serkan FURTUN 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18195 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18195 Fatma Sabiha KUTLAR OĞUZ 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18006 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18006 Gülden SARI 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18182 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18182 Hakan YALAP 2026-07-16