https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=287 Turkish Studies - International en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18051 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18051 Ali Osman ABDURREZZAK Food which is a cultural element is theresult of humanneed. Connection between eating function which is one of the basic needs of human beings and communication shows the importance of communication phenomenon on man’s life. Kinds of food made at the end of preparation in cultural specific by giving form to vegetables and fruit, serving food, power and social status realation has an important determination quality. Relation between food has a sharing feature lying at the bottom of social function and the power gained by the food maker changes with socio-economical differents nowadays. The fact that woman prepares food outclasses to determine the dominance boundries at home. The privatization of the food substance in the region with the region provides with a short and comprehensive information in terms of in which region what kinds of food grows. In addition to this, concepts which don’t have a humorous meaning singly make sense according to the environment in the contextual based. It is determined that the food culture associated with gender and it has symbolical meanings. The communicational extent of food in the different regions reveals the importance of food which is the culture record. In this study especially, it is discussed that what the social function of food in communication process is, food and power factor, reflection of folk literatures on poem kind, its relation with humor, what the effects of change by the modern life on eating habit in terms of folkloristic. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18048 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18048 Sefer ADA, Z. Nurdan BAYSAL , Senem Seda ŞAHENK ERKAN With the application of the "Provincial Ministry" of Turkey between the years 1926 and 1931 its construction by the law numbered 1834 were 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17543 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17543 İ.Bakır ARABACI, Aysel NAMLI There has been an ongoing change and development both in the world and in our country. Some issues such as changing environmental conditions, goverment’s policies and everlasting renewal of technology together with this change and development affect educational institutions as they affect almost everything. What the society expects from educational institutions has been changing according to current conditions day by day. This situation is the reason for that the efficiency of educational institutions are being questioned. Nowadays, one of the most recent issues is the shutdown of preparatory schools. Many people have analyzed the shutdown of preparatory schools process from their own perspectives. In this study, it is aimed to assess the shutdown of preparatory schools according to different perspectives. As one of the qulitative data patterns, case study is used in this study. Study group of survey consists of 20 students taking their educations in various schools, 20 adminisrators and teachers working in various puplic schools and 20 adminisrators and teacher working in various preparatory schools in Elazığ during 2013- 2014 academic year. Semi-structured interview form has been applied to participants. The data acquired from applied interview form has been subject to content analysis and has been interpreted by being 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17959 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17959 Ayşe ARIK Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) is one of the most important and influential philosophers of the 20th century. He has many valuable work in many different areas such as; philosophy, mathematics, education, sociology, politics, morality and metaphysics. Russell always emphasized the importance of logic and scepticism in every field of philosophy. Moreover, he has done studies in the field of education and suggested very effective and innovative ideas about education. Russell investigated the role of the parents, teachers and government on a child’s education and he made suggestions for the subject matter. Studies of Russell have been very influential for many other following studies. Changes occur in the field of education in time. These changes enabled government to have rights on the education system. Even though some people have supported the government’s intervention on education, most of the people stood against this idea. Russell was against this idea of government’s intervention on education and he criticized this situation as he thought that the government see education as a tool to transfer its ideologies to the citizens. According to Russell, schools are the places where ideology is transferred to students in a planned way. Russell thought that if the aim of the education is to transfer the ideology of the government the outcome will be students who are not self-sufficient, who can not think, who do not question and who do not realize their i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17942 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17942 Mustafa H. AYDOĞDU, Ali Rıza MANCI , Murat AYDOĞDU Regardless of development levels, agriculture and agro-based policies have priority in all countries and the importance of agriculture in the countries’ economy is important. Agricultural sector is around 8% of GDP in Turkey. Agricultural sector is important in terms of employment, and has a definite place. The share of agriculture in employment is 37.9% in Turkey. There are structural problems of the agricultural sector in Turkey. Agricultural policies are important due to larger domain affect on the country's economic, social and political policies. Identification and implementation of these policies are carried out mainly by agricultural engineers in the field. Engineers are trained by agricultural faculty of universities. It is intended to measure perceptions and overviews of the students’ of Harran University Faculty of Agriculture about the agricultural policies in Turkey in this study. The datas were obtained through by face to face surveys with a simple random sampling method. The SPSS.15 was used in the analysis. The variety of questions were asked about agriculture and its polices in Turkey, in order to determine the overview of students in the survey, as well as for the determination of their sensitivities Likert-type questions were used. Accordingly, agricultural policies are being implemented considered inadequate by the students. Agricultural supports are necessary for the development of agriculture. However, this is not used for the purpose of support is widely accepted. Agriculture do not get sufficient value, it is believed that arrangements should be made in order to solve the structural problems. There are the responsibility of the farmers, too. So the problem is multilateral, solutions will be provided together. It is believed that the requirements of extension for development of agriculture. The public structures are considered insufficient and believed that privatizations will increase the productivity in agricultural activities. The perceptions of marketing problems are more effective then market in agricultural production. The provide fundings and support of the credit institutions were considered insufficient for development of agricultural. EU membership will affect the agriculture of Turkey in a positive way. The students do not attend enough participation in agricultural activities. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18029 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18029 Gıyasettin AYTAŞ, Demet KARDAŞ Studies on children accepted disadvantaged in terms of socio-economic and socio-cultural (poor, single parent, in need of protection, employee and offender) indicate that although studies on educational processes of disadvantaged children and their development depending on this situation emphasize the importance of the issue, they cannot make adequate evaluation to solve the problem. In this study aiming at identifying the development of socio-economically and socio-culturally disadvantaged children’ reading-comprehension in terms of many effective factors and developing solutions in the light of these identifications, what should be done regarding a better and more permanent Turkish language education delivery for the disadvantaged for the future is discussed as well. By using both qualitative and quantitative data, it is tried to reach an objective result and main approach of the issue is strengthened. Mann Witney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests are used to evaluate disadvantaged students' frequency of gains in education program and t-test is used to compare levels of students' reading development. When the development of disadvantaged children in reading comprehension and their gains related to it in Turkish language teaching program are evaluated, it is clear that especially the students in this group need special care in their reading comprehension studies. The data obtained from the observations made during the study proves this situation. It is obvious that cooperation among many institutions is necessary to make this process effective for disadvantaged children and also to make them get into the society by taking necessary precautions during their educational process. Ministry of National Education (curriculum, course books, course materials, and teacher employment), faculties of education, local administrations and Ministry of Family and Social Policy should work in cooperation. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17788 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17788 Veli BATDI The purpose of the study is to analyze high school Maths curriculum content through Rasch measurement model and Nvıvo-8 Program. As a qualitative method a case study; as a quantitative method Rasch measurement model are made use of. Working group includes 21 Maths teachers working at Anatolian High Schools in Elazığ during 2011-2012 academic year. According to Rasch model, the first of the three facets used is 21 Math teachers as judges; the second comprises 20 items related to high school math curriculum content ; and the third concerns the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades Math curriculum content. In the study, as a quantitative data collection tool “High School Math Curriculum Content Assessment Form” was made up by the researcher in accordance with experts’ opinions. As the Content Validity Index (CVI) value (0.92) was larger than the Content Validity Criterion (CVC) value (0.80) it was concluded that the items were meaningful in terms of content validity [(0.92>0.80) (CVI>CVC)]. As for qualitative data collection tool, an interview form consisting of open-ended questions developed by the researcher was made use of. It is understood from Rasch analysis that Maths curriculum content coded as “3rd Grade Curr. Content” has the highest quality while “1st Grade Curr. Content” has the least. From Nvivo analysis, it is found that content topics are interesting but there are certain problems because there is limited time to complete all the content. Thus, it can be suggested the curriculum should be prepared in a more comprehensible and suitable way considering students’ levels. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18001 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18001 Ali BATU, Joe M. REGENSTEİN Halal (legal or permitted) food regulations define what Muslims are allowed to eat. Because there are both ingredients and processes that are controversial, these conflicts makes it hard for consumers to determine which foods are Halal. In principal, consumers have the right to obtain information from the companies producing food and to be assured that the information is accurate. But a Halal certification system, using trademarked symbols, provides that same guarantee to consumers with much less effort. However, there are currently over 200 Halal certification bodies in the world, so consumers need to understand the differences between these organizations. The attempt to create a unified halal standard is unlikely to be successful unless the standard is broad enough to allow for legitimate differences on critical issues. Thus, any standards document that emerges that wishes to be broadly accepted within the Muslim community will have to accept and clarify these conflicting standards. Thus, some Halal certification bodies will be unacceptable to other certification bodies. Whether Halal certification should be regulated and/or organized by the state or done without government involvement is a debate that should occur in each country. The outcome of both establishing a broad standard and its implementation will have a significant impact on the future of this now multi-billion dollar business world-wide serving both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17935 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17935 Mesut BULUT Every society and nation has leaders who they value and respect. These leaders were engraved on the community’s memory and they are unique people who sacrificed themselves for the sake of their country’s and nation’s welfare and happiness. Churchill for England, Washington for the USA, Napoleon for France, Gandhi for India are considered as important leaders for their nation and historical personage. Ataturk’s position and historical personage are very different for Turkish nation and oppressed nations. Ataturk is not a one dimensional leader. Ataturk, with his revolutions, founded a new nation and beyond being a historical personage, he is one of the rare leaders who had many qualities such as being a citizen, soldier and an intellectual. The life of Ataturk has become a subject of thousands of research not only in Turkey but also in many countries in the world and his life has been studied as a course. Language is the primary value which Ataturk placed emphasis on. Language can be defined as the common value and life philosophy of a nation. Language is undoubtedly the most important means to provide solidarity and unity in a country. A common language spoken by the i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17981 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17981 Vedat ÇALIŞKAN, Kamile MANAV The manufacture of shotguns, which are in the category of light firearms, constitutes one of the subbranches of the defense industry. The enterprises and facilities operating in this sector in Turkey have formed evident clustering in the District of Lakes in the Mediterranean Region. Within this district, Beyşehir has exhibited striking developments and almost become the center of the sector. This study focuses on the shotgun industry in Huğlu Neighborhood (Beyşehir, Konya) with an important share in the production and exportation of shotguns in Turkey. Huğlu is a settlement in Turkey where the manufacture of shotguns and then their mass production first began. The guns produced in Huğlu are a world-famous brand, and 80% of the guns produced are exported to more than 50 countries. The main objective of the study is to describe the historical development of the shotgun industry in Huğlu and the geographical factors influencing this development and determine the basic characteristics of the enterprises manufacturing shotguns in Huğlu. The basic method of the research consists of the data obtained through the questionnaire, interview, and observation techniques applied within the scope of the fieldwork and the evaluation of these data. The questionnaire was applied to all enterprises which manufactured shotguns in Huğlu and which constituted the research universe by employing the face-to-face interview technique. In addition, semi-structured interviews were made with the representatives of a large number of institutions and organizations in connection with the sector. The data obtained within this scope helped to elucidate the factors influencing the developmental process of the shotgun industry in Huğlu and the causality of development and to reveal the historical and current contexts of this sector. The data and information obtained in the process of the research also allowed evaluating the sector under examination with the method of SWOT analysis. The strengths and weaknesses of the sector, the opportunities and the threats were highlighted with the SWOT analysis. The research findings and the SWOT analysis constituted a source for the decisions to be taken, and the strategies to be generated, for the future of the sector. The industry of shotguns in Huğlu has competitive advantages in the sector with its hand workmanship and products of high quality, which are being increasingly demanded by foreign countries every passing day, besides its deep-rooted past, sectoral experience, and accumulation. However, the spatial problems resulting from the topographical features of Huğlu limit the potential of the sector for expanding in Huğlu. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18005 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18005 Nuran ÇETİN Necip Fazıl Kısakürek, as an important thinker and artisan of our republican history, is among our significant cultural heritage with his sufist personality, sufferings for the sake of his ideal, difficult life and many works he left behind. Appreciation of this heritage is possible only by knowing and understanding his religious, literary and political aspects closely. Necip Fazıl is an important personality who has influenced all social segments of society in terms of our worlds of culture, art, thought and literature with his many works of stories, poems and novels. Necip Fazıl has attracted attention with his opinions centered in sufist thought especially after his 30s age and it is important to investigate Necip Fazıl’s sufist side and especially his relationship with his mentor (mürşit) Abdülhakim Ârvâsi to understand him closely and to penetrate depth of his ideas. In this study we focus on life and sufist ideas of Necip Fazıl and the study is formed of one introduction and two other parts. In the first part we have concentrated on life of Necip Fazıl in brief. In the second part, we have dealt with his relation with Abdülhakim Arvâsî and sufist ideas. In the final conclusion part we have made a short assessment about Necip Fazıl. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18033 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18033 İbrahim Halil DOĞANTÜRK Suruç Plain which is among the most important plains of Turkey is located in Suruç district that is located in southwest of Şanlıurfa. It is in the position of an important agricultural field by the help of the fertile and large land it has got. While grains like wheat and barley and legumes like lentil and chickpeas took an important space with fallow method in agricultural production in the district until 1965, irrigated agriculture spread with the start of the use of underground water and crops which bring high income like cotton came to the fore in agricultural production after 1965. The number of seasonal streams is quite a lot in Suruç where there are no permanent streams. The seasonal streams which totally dry at the end of May with the summer drought are not used for irrigation. Especially the fact that there is no or very little summer rain became effective in all the streams being seasonal. So the whole water used for agricultural purposes in Suruç is gained from underground by drilling. But between the years 1965-1990, many drilling wells were opened unconsciously in Suruç and this caused the decrease and drain of the underground water in time. In 1990, as a result of the decrease and drain of the underground water, there have been a serious decrease in the cotton farming in Suruç district and this caused the return to dry farming, dry farming practice is going on in the present day. To identify the change in the vegetation pattern at the study field, the close infrared of the images that belong to August of 1985 and 2011 and the red band images that belong to the visible region were used. The change which occurred in the agricultural product pattern in Suruç district was exhibited by NDVI. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17974 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17974 Mevlüt ERTEN In this work, we dealt with the vigilance and hypocrites’ vigilance concept. Our work consists of three parts. In the first part, we determined what the scope of vigilance is. The word of vigilance (murâqaba) is a noun originated from r-q-b verb in the Arabic. This verb and its derivatives in a dictionary mean monitoring, watching, and controlling. In this context, the literal meaning of the word is to know that a servant is supposed to be aware of that Allah knows and sees his own situation in every moment. Continution of this knowledge and consciousness is to make murâqaba (vigilance) of Allah. In the second part, we dealt with the vigilance with its two kinds in the Qur’an broadly. These are Allah’s vigilance over servants and vise versa. We handled the previous one around Allah’s ar-Râkîb (Vigilant) name, which means monitoring every thing, and some other names like el-Âlîm (The Knower), el-Hâfiz (The Preserver) and el-Basîr (The All-Seeing) having close meaning to the previous. We have developed the latter one within the Quranic frame of reason, knowledge, piety, remembering Allah, thanks and prayer we called them as the instruments of vigilance.Through all the concepts, servants make murâqaba of Allah. In the final part, the behaviors of hypocrites about vigilance was handled. Making murâqaba of Allah is a phenomenon belonging to the believers in Allah and what He sent without a doubt. Due to lack of having been sincere belief, hypocrites made muraqaba over people instead of Allah. Nevertheless, always using their practical intelligence, they tried to cover their real intentions by claiming of opposite arguments. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18127 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18127 Ali Ekber GÜLERSOY Human has tried to understand, picture and depict natural-human place from his/her existing to today. Ever-getting rich from Sumerians to Egyptians, and Phoenicians to Greeks, the process for geographical accumulation of knowledge progressed further with Strabon. Alexandrian School of Geography which was built upon this accumulation of knowledge raised important geographers like Ptolemy. This school was moved from Alexandria to Antioch after Muslims had conquered Egypt. Upon closing the Eskul School in Antioch, some religious men and scholars of the said school came to Harran. By translations which had been made from cultures of Greek, Persia and India in Harran School, Islamic World started to take a close interest in geography. With starting to lose significance of Harran School, the descriptive “Iraqi School of Geography” appeared in the middle of 10th century in Iraq. As for Andalusian School of Geography which was a follow-up of this process started to develop in the same period of time with Balkhi School of Geography, and was in interaction with it. Both schools made significant contributions to the golden age of Islamic-World Science. After Iraqi School of Geography, a regional school of geography was established by Balkhi (850-934 AD) in the first half of 10th century in Balkhi city within which is the boundaries of Afghanistan at the present time. Balkhi School which had 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18021 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18021 Gülden GÜRSOY ATAMAN Turkey signed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in line with the Westernization efforts of the country and human rights has been perceived in various ways by different political circles. In the early Republican period and the first years of multi-party period, Hasan Ali Yücel has been one of the few who took human rights seriously and thought on the modern concept of human rights. Yücel was the Minister of Education between 1938 and 1946 and known for his efforts to create new citizens of the young republic. He has revealed his thoughts on idea of rights in general and modern human rights in particular in several of his books and columns. Previous reseach on Yücel emphasized how he contributed to Turkish humanism, however, only one work examined his perspective on human rights and/or his place in human rights thought in Turkey. Therefore, this study aims to contribute this field of research by unlocking basic dimensions of his perspective on human rights, based on an analysis of his two works Hürriyet Gene Hürriyet (Freedom Yet Freedom) (Vol.1) (1960) and İyi Vatandaş İyi İnsan (The Good Citizen The Good Man [Human]) (1956/2011). These texts will be analyzed by using the concepts of “citizenship”, “state”, “nation”, “freedom” and “equality”, taking the social, political and intellectual of context of the late Ottoman, early republican and first years of multi party periods in consideration. It concludes that Yücel has a humanistic perspective on human rights. As Bora, et. al. (2002) stated he embraced many ideas portrayed in the human rights documents adopted at the time and he deemed human rights necessary for the country to become Westernized and be a member of civilized societies. However, political statist and nationalist elements in this thought as well as his embrace of political tutelage and his understanding of ideal citizenship limited his perspective on human rights and sometimes left no space for them. Although Hasan Ali Yücel’s thoughts on human rights intersects and reflects some of the ideas of the Westernist- wing of Republican People’s Party in the single party period, some elements in this thought are still prevalent in different political ideologies. Therefore, investigating how Hasan Ali Yücel approached human rights provides a key to understanding contemporary debates on human rights in Turkey. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18004 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18004 Gülten İÇEL In this study, natural disasters that are effective in the province of Mersin, which is located in our Mediterranean Region, have been analyzed. Trends of the annual temperature and precipitation data covering the time period from 1975 to 2009 obtained from the Meteorological Station of Mersin have been analyzed using Linear Trend method that is calculated by Least Square Linear Regression = Simple Regression. Furthermore, recorded meteorological disasters that were effective in Mersin from the year of 1975 until 2014 have been analyzed according to data of TUAA (National Disaster Archive of Turkey, www.afad.gov.tr), and they have been presented in the form of tables. In addition to material and spiritual adverse effects, the reasons for their occurrences have been explained as well. Main findings are as follows: In Mersin, which rapidly grows and its population increases, the effects of climatic changes arising from global warming are felt, and while the annual average temperatures have a tendency to increase, total annual rainfall is decremental. In such a rapidly growing city, drought confronts us as one of the most important hazards. According to data of TUAA, forest fires are the disasters that are mostly encountered from the year of 1975 until January 2014. Due to location of Mersin, hail is the second most frequent and the most effective natural disaster. Heavy precipitation, submersion, and floods are the disasters which are frequently experienced during the recent years. Furthermore, heavy rains cause landslips that is one of the mass movements; therefore, it leads to both material and spiritual destructions. Location wise Mersin is very convenient for storm break out conditions. Situated at the meeting point of the hot and humid air masses coming from the sea and cold air masses coming from the high mountain region, Mersin is under the influence of this disaster especially in winter months. Geographical position of Mersin, climatic changes experienced, rapid population growth, unplanned urbanization, and infrastructure problems come forward as the most important reasons of in the occurrence of such disasters. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18028 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18028 Mustafa İLBOĞA This study titled as “The Distinction between the Episteme and Doxa in the Philosophy of Plato” begins with a summary of the epistemic adventure in the philosophy of Plato. Until the time of Plato, the epistemic discussions had proceeded and ceased with disagreement and transformed into a relativist admission. This relativity which was crowned by the thoughts of Protagoras and Gorgias reached its antithesis with Socrates and Plato. Plato started his antithesis by ridiculing the previous types of sophist thoughts and paid attention to the possibility of knowledge. According to Plato the basic principle for the possibility of knowledge is the theory of ideas which is the subject of differentiation of visible world and the other. This distinction which is discussed in two different statues in terms of epistemic value too effects directly the distinction between the episteme and the doxa. Therefore, the first thing which was done by Plato is to clarify the distinction between the episteme and the doxa. The difference between the concepts and the objects are put forward in this distinction and that the objects are being the subject of the continuous change, the difficulty of their description are linked to that the objects does not allow knowledge. This situation which is described as “doxa” is softened first and then characterized as “right doxa” when the mathematical (geometrical) objects comes into question. But in this step, doxa and right doxa are mentioned, not the knowledge. The basic criterion in the determination of doxa is the “change”. Plato prefers to call knowledge as “episteme” that is precisely far from change In the result of the discussions made in dialogues, Plato tested the distinction between the “episteme” and the “doxa” in terms of their subjects and how those are gained. According to this, Plato accepts the entities i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17545 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17545 Cemil İNAN, Muhammet Faysal AKIN The Bezique Addition Board, a material found in card-game sets, is known as Marköz in our country. Marköz is still used as an addition tool in bezique and bridge game saloons. When the bezique addition board is examined closely, it is seen that it could be beneficial not only in adding figures but also in solving arithmetical problems. The present study tried to determine the influence of the use of “Bezique Addition Board” in solving elementary school arithmetical problems on students’ success in solving such problems and to reveal how it changed these students’ attitudes towards mathematics. The data regarding the problem and sub-problems investigated in the study were obtained via the “Problem Solving Test 1, 2 and 3” developed, the “Questionnaire for Views about Mathematics” and via open-ended questions directed to the participants to reveal their views about the experiment conducted. According to the results of the analysis applied to the data collected, the KR-20 reliability coefficients for the problem solving tests 1, 2 and 3 were found as 0.84, 0.81 and 0.79, respectively. The differences between the means obtained as a result of the application of these tests to sequential classes (2.71, 3.16, 4.72) were significant at the level of α=0.01. The results of the statistical analysis applied to the data collected regarding the problem and the sub-problems in the study could be said to demonstrate that the elementary school 1st grade, 2nd grade and 3rd grade students’ attitudes towards the Bezique Addition Board material-supported problem solving were effective in solving arithmetical problems when compared to the traditional method and significantly increased the success and the attitude towards mathematics. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17792 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17792 Aybeniz RAHİMOVA, Halide Gamze İNCE YAKAR There has been some significant development in education and culture in various cities of Azerbaijan since the first half of the XIXth century. A struggle against ignorance started in Lenkaran, and Teymur Bey Bayramalibeyov had contributions to such fields as the specifications of educational policies, building schools by virtue of charity organizations, provision of students’ educational materials, sending girls to schools, opening libraries, and collective enlightenment of the public. Thanks to the i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18007 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18007 Yunus Emre KARAKAYA, Mikail TEL Since the 1980s, globalization has led to a new world order and today the concept of globalization has become the buzzword in the fields of social sciences, education, and management. It has exhibited a monolithic order on the one hand and 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17984 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17984 Gülsüm KAYMAK, Nilüfer ÖZTÜRK AYKAÇ Identity, which is common interest of sociology and psychology, represents visibility of the person in social life. Because the matter of representation of person in societal life include existence and stance in political sphere; it is certain that concept of identity has a tight relation with political policies and arguments. With the problematisation of identity in social and especially political theoric level; identity policies, which has become a fundamental politics manner, confront as an act affecting societal life thoroughly. In this sense; identity, whose forcefulness increases completely, has transformed to a much more active means of expression than before in both local and global level. The era outlined as globalism bring about getting slippery, multiplexing and miscegenation of social and political identities; on the one hand arguments to the age of nations has come to an end goes on, on the other hand local qualified identities continue to gain speed. This confusion makes it possible for ambivalent matters such as religion, ethnicity, gender to articulate in the discussions of identity and for identity to find new means of expression. In this paper, ‘national identity’ that is said to present substantial identity to people in aforesaid confusion has been brought into question once again. For this purpose, firstly definitions of “nation” and “nationalism” are handled. After that, adventure of national identity in our country starting from Ottoman which aims at presenting coherence to people via taking along religion is pursued. Finally, historical durations of “religious national identity” is addressed and hence a new contribution to the discussion of identity is endeavored. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18050 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18050 İsmail KERVANKİRAN Although the most significant factor in the realization of tourism acticities is natural charmings, the demand for cultural charmings is increasing day by day. Museums with an increasing importance in cultural tourism are significant indicators of modernization and socialization at the same time. In this aspect, the missions, types and functions of museums have changed recently. There is a rise in the number of visitors and income of museums that are suitable for changes and the ones adopting effective promotion and advertisement techniques. In most of the countries some regulations suitible for modern museum perspective have been carried out and the investments for tourism have increased. In this research prepared for evaluating museum studies and museum tourism, 2012 statistics of state were used. In Turkey where ancient civilizations were once lived the number of museums, number of visitors and income rates were too far from expectations and also the number of museums are inadequate in some cities except İstanbul, İzmir, Konya and even there are no museums in some cities as well. The average of museums is 0.3 in Turkey for 100.000 people and this rate is so low compared to European countries. The visitors are also low in many of the cities except İzmir, Antalya, Nevşehir, Konya and Denizli. Half of the total museum income of Turkey comes from İstanbul and the income rates of other cities are so low. In order to develop museum studies and tourism of museum in Turkey, running, directing styles, advertising and promotional techniques must be renewed in the light of modern museum studies and the contemporary thecnology, mass media and social networks must also be used effectively. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18076 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18076 Fatma KOÇ, Emine KOCA Miniatures and manuscripts, which represent the traditional art forma in Turkish art, are evaluated as a document stating the historical distance. Each of these types of visual artifacts, which serve as a historical document, hold an important place in illuminating the past problems. In particular, Ottoman daily life, palace life, communication-siege, portraits and historical events describing visual artifacts figures in clothes of the period, material, shape, color, use and ornament features a descriptive documents is considered. Names of pieces of clothes and their usage sometimes look mixed in the Ottoman Empire published on textile and apparel products in many sources, written and visual. Three or four times in a row, the clothes worn pieces on top worn outside, inside the shirt, the inner gown, gown, rolls, mint as names get, but always the same number of layers of clothing as there are pieces of clothing of the names can be mixed. This situation causes the confusion in clothing terminology. Especially coming from Europe who are interested in Ottoman culture and orders made on people who want to know, which is dated to the 17th century in European museums and libraries (France, England, Italy, Australia, Poland, Sweden, Greece) of more than 20 outfits are known to album. Ottoman costumes to be included even in the smallest detail are remarkable in the daily lives of Europeans interesting by the Turks and the Ottoman palace depicted in these Works. Starting point of this work is that observing the figures in the album of Ralamb in Kugliga Library in Stockholm. In this work; garments silhouette, neckline and arm forms have been identified by researching 119 women and men clothing figures in the book named “The Sultan’s Procession: The Swedish Embassy to Sultan Mehmed IV in 1657-1658 and the Ralamb Paintings”, the article named “The Ralamb Album of Turkish Costumes” (p.196-265) by Tadeusz Majda. Period of the 17th century, depicting examples of Ottoman apparel clothing made out of this album, as a result of analysis, style of clothing belonging to different social classes with the determination of the design features were intended to contribute to Turkish culture. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18095 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18095 Engin KURT, Ahmet KESER This research has been conducted to set forth, primarily which values are being taken into consideration in solving the problems related to the medical Ethics by both the Turkish and foreign students of a Public hospital medical faculty students, secondly if any convergence is comprised over time related to education process between the Turkish and foreign students and if there is a statistically meaningful relation between their perceptions related to the solution of the ethical problems of the profession when the academic years are progressed. When the academic literature is investigated, it is seen that both at the public administration field and as one of its essential components, at the medical sector the number of studies related to ethics is being increased. Together with the globalization process, a similar trend is observed at the studies related to the density of the international and/or intercultural studies and publishing. However the same performance is not seen about adapting the dimensions of the National Culture to the academic studies. The studies in Turkey also present a similar perspective. Starting from the aforementioned justification, it is investigated primarily at this research that, if there is 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18123 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18123 Ali MEYDAN, Sibel ÖNER Information technologies developed in parallel with the rapid change in technology have provided adaptation of modern and innovative teaching methods. Geographical Information Systems as one of the information technologies has been commonly used in education as in different fields in developed countries. In this research, the effects of geography teaching with Geographical Information Systems upon the attitudes of students towards the geography lesson were analyzed. In the research, experimental research model with pre-test and post-test control group was performed. Totally 45 students studying at the 9th grade of Tapu Kadastro Vocational High School in Çankaya district of Ankara province in 2009-2010 academic year were included into the study. In the control group, traditional teaching method in which teacher is at the center was used, and in the experimental group, the students were trained with a teaching method supported with Geographical Information Systems. As data collection tool, “Attitude Scale” was performed as pre-test and post-test. Obtained findings were analyzed using SPSS statistical program. As result of the study, it was determined that there was no significant difference in favor of the experimental group before the experimenting process between the group including the attitude scores of students towards the geography lesson in the control group and the scores of students in the experimental group in which CBS supported teaching was benefited, however, there was a significant difference in favor of the experimental group after the experimenting process. This proved that the lessons trained with CBS increased the attitudes of students towards the lessons. It was also revealed that the traditional teaching method performed to the control group did not affect the attitude of the students towards the lesson as statistically significant. In classrooms where Geographical Information System supported teaching was provided, the maps, graphics, and photos prepared for the students and the responsibilities taken over by the students during the process had an important role upon their presenting a positive attitude towards the lesson. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17656 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17656 Osman MUTLUEL Philosophy of art examines works of art produced by people. In this respect, art is handled as an activity by imitating of nature, reflecting of the artist’s inner world or creating just for the sake of art. It is impossible to obtain clear information about the history of the marbling art from the early written sources of it. However, we know that marbling art has come to Istanbul from central Asia and China in the 15th and 16th centuries and then has spread to the other European countries. Marbling have gained varieties according to undersatanding of society in each period. This variation is related to the cultural level of the society. While marbling was a simple paper painting in the first period, in time it has been developed into different branch es such as lapse marbling, splayed marbling, tide marbling, flowery marbling, rosy marbling, clove marbling, Necmeddin Okyay marbling and Barutçugil marbling. Any work of art develops and matures in an artist’s mind and then becomes into existence. In the next stage, work of art is presented to admiration of art lovers. Thus, the work of art is to be completed in the final period. In same way, art of marbling becomes a work of art after passing this stage at all. While the artist is performing art of marbling, he adds something from his world. As a result of this, the work reflects identity of what the artist has. Likewise, lover of art watches marbling table by adding something from his world as well and get pleasure from it. Marbling, unlike other art forms, is a kind of art which is able to be never created again in the same form. This difference is not only possible in terms of emotion and time, but also from viewpoint of marbling itself is. In other words, it is never possible to duplicate of it. In this respect, each marbling is unique. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17972 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17972 Ejder OKUMUŞ Socialization as another name of the integration of i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18124 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18124 Harun SAVUT The aim of this article is to reveal the main dynamics of the concept of justice which was contentious through the human history. Justice is a broad meaning notion which connected with all aspects of life. Justice is one of the ethical, juridical and intellectual values of society for the reason that it interests all communities. Therefore it is characterized as a foundation of state. For the reason that justise is realized by human, the commitment to the esteemed authority is important for the establishment of justice. Therefore Allah puts the faith in the center of justice and connects the improvement of the sense of justice and the believing in Allah and Afterdeath. Allah created all creatures and laid down the law for them. Within this scope Allah designated the disposition for human and sent the religion wich is compatible with this disposition. In this religion Allah encourages the behaviors which are compatible with the nature of man and make a contribution to the improvement and realization of human. On the other hand Allah prohibits the behaviors which damages man. In this sense Allah is the basic source of justice. For the reason that Koran includes the innate laws, it will be felicitous to designate Koran as a source of justice. Allah declares in Koran the main principles which are not changeable. In this way Allah indicates the criteria for the juridical and ethical levels. According to the Verses the plenipotentiary person for the explanation of Koran is Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.). There are expressions which clarify the quantity of justice and declare limits of it through the life of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.). Therefore Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) is another basic resource of justice for the reason that he is annunciator of Koran. Thus his attitudes in relation to the norms of justice is the indicative of the absoluteness of justice. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17992 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17992 Abdulnasır SÜT Tourism represents all wide range of activities such as travelling and temporary housing, the objectives of which are to enable (travelling) people to rest, get entertained, learn, as well as to see historical and natural beauties. In addition to enabling people to socialize, tourism activities also provide commercial opportunities and effect society in a wide range of ways both culturally and scientifically. As in all aspects of social life, religion is also a decisive factor in tourism. In the history of human being, a direct relationship between travelling concept and religion is observed. According to Islam, humans are required as well as commanded not only to take warning by, but also hold good aspects from the history of past civilizations and cultural heritage up as an example. At the same time, when the Holy Qur’an’s recommendations regarding travelling are taken into consideration, it can be concluded that Muslims ought to and should participate fully in touristic activities whenever possible. According to this basic approach, tourism phenomenon is not only an entertaining and relaxation activity. The Islamic world has a rich historical, religious, cultural and natural touristic heritage. Having said that, it is still necessary to investigate to what extent which factors prevent Muslims to benefit from such a rich and comprehensive heritage. Although tourism might nowadays be considered as a modern phenomenon by many people, it is actually a historical experience. This historical experience is expressed with different terms and concepts such as ‘travelling’, ‘holding good aspects from the history of past civilizations’ etc. in the Holy Quran. When these concepts in the Holy Qur'an are examined carefully, it is clearly understood that people are advised to travel in the world, observe the earth and the nature, examine the history of past nations, draw some material and moral lessons from them, and benefit economically. Prophet Mohammed (may peace be upon him) himself travelled many times to this end and also encourages people to travel. When all these are taken into heed as a whole, it is clearly understood that Islam openly encourages people to travel so that they can make maximum use of available beneficial gains in terms of faith, economy, science, knowledge, experience, culture and so on. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18057 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18057 Mehmet ŞAHİNGÖZ The aim of this study is to investigate the opinions of students about the instructional behaviors of instructors in the classroom. Descriptive survey method was used in this study. The study group consisted of 380 bachelor degree students and pedagogical training certificate program students of Çankırı Karatekin University. Data were collectedthrough questionnarie and scale. The instructional behaviors of instructors were analyzed and interpreted in relation to the gender, type of education attended, by area and age. According to the findings of this research, the teaching staff rarely use activities such as getting the students’ attention, recalling previous information, giving clues, providing active participation, giving reinforcement, feedback-correction and result events. They frequently use activities such informing the students to the objectives of lesson. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17976 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17976 Bilge Kağan ŞAKACI Evliya Çelebi lived between 1611 – 1681. He knew Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Latin and Greek languages. He was a historian, folklorist, musician, artist, cartographer, linguist, craftsmen, architects, warriors and gourmet. He was a traveller. He traveled to Central Europe, the Balkans, the Crimea, the the Caucasus, Anatolia, Egypt, and Arabia for 51 years. The lands which he traveled in and recounted in his work include, outside of Turkey, the following present-day countries: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Djibuti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kosova, Lebanon, Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Palestine, Romania, Russia (Tataristan), Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Crimea. Inside of Turkey: İstanbul, Bursa, Bolu, Trabzon, Erzurum, Konya, Kayseri, Urfa, Maras, Sivas, Edirne, Bitlis, Diyarbakir, Malatya, Mardin, Van, Canakkale, Tokat, Tekirdag, Kutahya, Manisa, İzmir, Antalya, Karaman and Adana. His first goal was to make a complete discription of the Ottoman State and its neighbors. Evliya Çelebi also visited Kütahya. Observed, and described the historical, cultural and social life of the city (Such as the castle, places of worship, schools, trading houses, food and clothing culture, characteristic of people ) For example Districts were: Saray, Gokcemen, Bogurcuk, Sehrekustu, Orta, Lala, Kanecik, Borekciler, Sultanbagi, Bezciler, Efendi Yolu, Kadi Seyh, Cemaleddin, Cukur, Analica, Balikli, Buladin, Servi, Meydan, Haci İbrahim, İshak Fakih, Maruf, Dibik, Huseyin Pasa, Yeni, Cerci Suleyman, Mumcular, Pirler …etc 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18066 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18066 Pervin Oya TANERİ, K. Funda NAYİR , Gerry MCNAMARA The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of teacher candidates towards the teaching profession, and to explain the worrying trends about teaching in Turkey and Ireland. 298 teacher candidates participated in the study. Two geographically distinct groups of teacher candidates were compared in this study. The first was a group of Turkish teacher candidates from the Pedagogical Formation Program at Cankiri Karatekin University, while the second consists of Irish teacher candidates from the Teacher Education Institutions in Dublin. The data were collected through an attitude scale designed to measure perceptions of the teaching profession, and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The results of this study suggest that most of both Turkish and Irish the teacher candidates have positive attitudes towards the teaching profession but they have some worries about the future of teaching profession. The findings also suggest that both Turkish and Irish prospective pointed out that teaching profession has lost its importance and attractiveness day by day. The views of participants of both groups were seriously influenced by the cultural contexts in which they trained and lived. Turkish teacher candidates tended to believe in that the teaching profession is a sacred profession and it requires self-sacrifice while Irish teacher candidates do not agree this view. Likewise, while more than half of the Turkish participants stated that teaching profession creates stress, only small proportion of the Irish participants agree with this interpretation. It was hoped that the results of this present study will help educators and researchers to understand whether the teacher training institutions help the teacher candidates to have positive attitudes toward the teaching profession. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17991 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17991 Ahmet UĞURLU In philosophical debatings about ongoing epistemology and ontology, it can be argued that identity has a more central place compared to others in terms of being deterministic. As the ethical debates are to be discussed, bringing up i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17997 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17997 Mustafa YAKAR As we enter the 21st century one of the major changes in the population of Turkey has started to realize in terms of the distribution of the age groups of the population. The continuing regression in the fertility rate due to the demographic transition has had an impact not only on slowing down the rate of population growth but has had an impact on the age structure of the population as well. With the contribution of the increase in the average life expectancy a rapid ageing trend has started in the population of Turkey. This study has focused on the spatial distribution of the median age of the population according to districts. The objective of the study was to carry out a spatial analysis in terms of the median age distribution for the remaining time frame of the 21st century. In addition to the different profile of the median age distribution in the country the study will reveal the fertility which affects the change in the median age of the population as well as the places of migration. The data for the distribution of the age groups of the population used in the study were obtained from ADNKS (for 2012) as districts separated into rural and urban populations. The data for fertility which have an impact on the distribution of the age groups of the population and the data for migration (for 2012) were obtained from TUIK according to districts. Thematic maps were generated in terms of main age groups and the median age distribution with the database established according to districts. Subsequently the median age distribution was analyzed with spatial and statistical methods. The fact that the median age value in the population of Turkey which was 19,9 in 1980 had risen to 30,1 in 2012 shows that the population had started to exhibit an aging trend in the recent past. The total fertility rate which was 3.41 in 1980 declined to 2.08 in 2012 which has been effective in the increase of the median age. In addition more youth are migrating from rural areas and that has been a factor in increasing the median age of the rural population (31.2) in comparison with the urban population (29.8). In addition to displaying the affiliation of the fertility rate and median age of migration as a multiple R value which was 0.85 , Least Squares Method regression model explained 72% (R2 0.72) of the change in median age while Geographically Weighted Regression analysis which took spatial differences into consideration explained 91% (R2 0.91) of the change in the fertility and migration rates. Fertility rate and migration are demographic processes which have an impact on the age structure of the population and they have shaped the distribution of the median age in Turkey on a district and province/regional scale. As a matter of fact the median age value in the eastern part of East Anatolian Region as well as Southeast Anatolian Region are below the country’s median numbers and these regions have the youngest population whereas in the other parts of the country the increased median age value indicates the presence of a more aged population. Subject to the demographic transition and spatial distribution of migration the spatial distribution of the aging trend of the population of Turkey displays regional differences. The change in fertility rates in particular and regional differences has shaped the distribution of median age. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17980 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17980 Fatma YAŞAR EKİCİ Education and democracy are two concepts that are closely related with each other. One of the most important tasks of education is to create a society that has embraced the democratic way of life. This is possible by training teachers that has a positive democratic attitude and democratic life style, too. The aim of this reseach is examining the relationship between demokratic attitudes and demographic characteristics of the prospective teachers. The research sample consists of 126 prospective teachers that study in pedagojical formation program at İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University in the summer period of 2014-2015. The research was conducted in the “İlişkisel Tarama” model. The tool that were used for data collection is Democratic Attitude Scale. This Scale consists of G and H forms of Teacher Opinionair on Democracy Scale that was developed by Attitudes Research Laboratory. Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability studies of the scale were conducted by Gözütok (1995). The reliability coefficient of the scale is .87. Besides that, Demographic Data Form that was developed by researcher was used in order to obtain demographic information of prospective teachers. In order to analize research data, Independent Groups t-Test, Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis H Test technics were used. At the end of the research, it was found that the democratic attitudes of prospective teachers did not differ significantly in terms of marital status, number of children, level of income, education level of mother, education level of father and number of siblings in family. But, the democratic attitudes of prospective teachers showed a significant difference in terms of gender and age. Accordingly; democratic attitudes of women are more positive than men. Democratic attitudes of prospective teachers that are at the age of 31-35 are more positive than prospective teachers that are at the age of 20-25. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17949 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17949 Ali YILDIZ The study was conducted to explore how to teach uncertainty principle more effectively with what kind of activities and examples. Document analysis can be used to gather data on its own as data collection tool in qualitative research. Documents are preferred to interviews and observations because they do not take much time, they are easy and cheap. Every document in the library (every book, journal, and article) is an available information and data source for a researcher who is skilful and has a broad fantasy world. The data of this qualitative study were gathered through the examination of documents such as books and scientific articles published about this topic. Books about quantum physics and articles written about the scientific studies were examined according to descriptive analysis method. Teaching principles is like teaching concepts. Documents suggest that teaching via presentations takes less time and provides convenience to teach abstract subjects, and to learn the relations between the concepts (or magnitudes). Moreover, the research findings which were examined as documents revealed that writing to learn activities (letter and summary) were used for teaching uncertainty principle. In order to make contributions to meaningful learning of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, teaching via presentation was supported by writing to learn and an approach which could be materialized in seven stages was suggested. What could be done was explained in each step and specifically, it was emphasised that the examples should be prototype. In the research, the examples were meant to be original, taken from everyday life, and easy to understand. It is thought that the suggested approach for uncertainty principle could be used to teach other principles. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18108 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18108 Kubilay YILMAZ The present study was conducted with the consideration of the significant problems observed in twenty four middle schools in the villages under the city center of Sivas. Problems such as the fact that only two out of these twenty four schools had music teachers, that nearly all of them lacked the materials essential for music education and that in some of them other courses were being taught at the hours scheduled for music education were observed. In turn, this situation brought the question "are our primary schools still in this condition?" to mind. In order to assign music teachers to middle schools, it is required for the schools to have a minimum of six hours of music course scheduled in a week. Also with the consideration of the fact that only one hour per week is scheduled for music course in middle schools, in order to complete the quota of six hours per week the schools need to have at least six branches. Since it is not really possible to increase the number of branches to six in middle schools in villages, many students are deprived of music teacher. In addition, in most of the middle schools in question it was observed that the music course hours are not attended, and the point whether teachers follow any plan at all gained further importance. In this context the music course curriculum set forth by the Ministry of National Education was examined, and it was determined that the problem lays in the practice rather than the curriculum itself. Accordingly, it was considered essential to reflect the inadequacies found in practice. The twenty four middle schools in question were accepted as the sample of the study, and in the collection of data literature review was employed as well as observations and face to face interviews. Collected data were subjected to analysis and the authors' opinions were submitted in the conclusion. 2026-07-16