https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=285 Turkish Studies - International en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18037 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18037 Mehmet GÜRLEK 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18044 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18044 Mustafa ÖZKAN Gülistan, which is one of the most prominent works of Persian Literature, has been translated into different languages until today. Strating with XIV. century, lots of translations and explanations Of this work was made in Turkish. Prose stories constitute the basis of this work. However the work gains a liquid expression by poetic pieces in different prosodies which are prensent inside and the end of the stories. The first Gülistan Translation with Turkish is Gülistan bi’t-türki’ which was written in KIpchak Turkish by Seyfi Serayi; the second is in Chaghatay Turkish by Sibicabi. The first translation into Turkish in Anatolian (Ottoman) era is the translation of Mahmud bin Kadi-i Manyas who is one of the writer of Murad II and known with the pseudenym “Manyasoğlu”. Manyasoğlu has two seperate translations. One is abridged and prose the other is supplementary, wide and poetic.In this study, it is emphasised on Manyasoğlu’s supplementary, wide and poetic Gülistan Translation. The new version which is found in Topkapı Palace Library’s Turkish inscriptions and booked as Sudî by mistake will be introduced. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18041 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18041 Muhammet YELTEN Ottoman prose has evolved over many centuries by exhibiting different characteristics along its history. One key characteristic is the difference in the foreign features and sentence structure of Ottoman prose and poetry. In general, there is one literary style widely seen in Ottoman poetry. Conversely, there were two styles in Ottoman prose. One style is used in scientific and didactic texts, whereas the other one is adopted in literary works. The scientific prose style is plain and easy to grasp. On the contrary, the literary prose style is complex and filled with many artificially crafted expressions. The sentence structure used in the literary style is another key difference from the one used in scientific proses. In Ottoman literary prose, sentences were long and unclear that makes it difficult to understand. This was mainly because there was no counterpart of meter in prose unlike poetry. The prose enables a complete independence to build the structure of a sentence. It is possible to stretch the parts of a sentence as much as the writer wishes without damaging its integrity. Liberal choices in shaping the sentences lead to a disorder in Ottoman prose and caused understanding problems. In particular, the extensive usage of gerunds and grammatical particles resulted in an unbounded expansion in the number and scope of sentence elements. In 14th and 15th centuries when Hamzavi was assumed to have lived, the main themes prose works were about religious and didactic topics. Mostly translated from Arabic and Farsi, these works are written in a plain language that can be understood by the general public. Even though foreign words, expressions and grammatical elements were occasionally used they do not prevent the work from conveying its message. Using a plain language with the concerns of being understood was a main feature of the writers in that time frame. More so was the early 15th century during the time of Anatolian Beyliks, when a plain Turkish was used in all works. However, after the midcentury, the language became more dense and composed of complex elements. This was mostly inspired by the poetry in which harmony and artistic images were heavily used. Thus, the prose grew to be more and more intricate. It appears that Hamza-nâme was a beloved work that became part of the oral tradition among Turkish people long before it was written on paper. A major contributing factor for its adoption was the plain language used as well as the sincere faith in Islam that was felt by the general public. The author has written the 72-volume Hamza-nâme, which consists of the life stories of Hz. Hamza in chronological order, with a style that benefits from both local and foreign elements of language. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17926 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17926 Gülden SAĞOL YÜKSEKKAYA The translation of Islamic thought was a necessity for the mass of people who embraced Islam and didn’t know the Arabic language. The Quran was the basis of this fact. For the Muslims whom their mother tongue wasn’t Arabic, was very difficult to grasp the meaning of the Quran. When the Quran had been translated to their own language, they could understand it. This sacred text firstly had been translated to Persian, in the time Emir Mansur b. Nuh from Samanoğulları. The tafsir translated to Persian is the one that which was written in Arabic by Muhammed b. Cerir-i Taberî. This tafsir was shortened and based on the text of the Quran and then translated to Persian between lines. Islam as a state religion is accepted by the Turks, in the tenth century was the time of Karahanids. Turks who translated all the texts of religions they accepted, after being Muslim they began to translate the Quran that is the main source of this religion into their own language. Although to say about anything about the interpreter and the date of the first translation of the Koran into Turkish is imposible, it can be said that the first Persian translation constitutes a model for the Turkish translation. Kyrgyz translations of the Holy Quran are not available befor entering to the Soviet Union. After the loss of independence Kyrgyzstan has been informed about Islamic studies by Russian literature. The majority of the Quran translations in this period, without regard to the original text, are the translations of Western languages, especially French to the Russian. Two Russian translations of the Quran which are based on Arabic text are successful than previous ones. First of them is translated by well-known Russian orientalist G.S. Sablukov and the second is translated by İ. Y. Kraçkovski. After gaining independence in 1991, Kyrgyzstan has manifested a strong tendency toward religion and Holy Quran in the same year, have been translated from Russian to the Kyrgyz by Ernis Tursunov. In this study, Kyrgyz translations of the Holy Quran will be presented in the chronological order. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18040 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18040 Zuhal KÜLTÜRAL, Turkish language has been written with many alphabets throughout history. Caramanians were Orthodox Christian in Anatolia that they speak Turkish and use Greek alphabet in their texts. They particularly lived in Anatolia, for instance in Karaman, Konya, Kayseri, Isparta, Burdur, Aydın, Black Sea area, Istanbul. Caramanians were managed by Byzantion as paid soldiers in Anatolian area in 11. century, espacially in the Toros Mountains. Now, They have lived in Greece since the population replacement in 1926. They have generated a literature with this script. In addition to Caramanian Turks have been used Greek alphabet on house appliances, gravestones etc. Greek lettered Turkish texts are very important that they are alternative alphabet for the solution of problems in Turkish texts written in Arab alphabet.This inscriptions that written Greek alphabet are so important of Turkish language, culture and history. In this study, we concerned on Arabic and Persian Word inscriptions which written Greek alphabet of Caramanian Language. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18039 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18039 Mehmet AYDIN The number of derivational affixes and inflectional suffixes is known; however, there are very limited number of studies on the affixes which involve all the Anatolian dialects. There are, it cannot be suggested that all the derivational affixes in Anatolian dialect se known. It should be discussed whether the affixes can be produced later or not. In this study, this point is also discussed. There are some morphemes that has gained the qualification as derivational affixes and has spread out. These morphemes should be interpreted in terms of linguistics. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18014 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18014 Mehmet Fatih KÖKSAL At the first glance, mystical works seem to mention exclusively mysticism itself, however they also carry some worthwile information for history. Anka-yı Mashriq is one of those that belongs to the Bektashi and Jalvati sheikh Mustafa Hashim Efendi (1717-1782) known as “Hashim Baba of Uskudar”. In this paper I will introduce Anka-yı Mashriq that is a literary work involves noteworthy and unique knowledge concerning Ottoman Empire’s foundation. Although Anka-yı Mashriq is a small booklet on “science of jifr”, the cypher, it involves significant knowledge about the foundation of Ottoman Empire through a “dream” including Othman Gazi and the triad of Hacı Bektash Veli, Akhi Evran Veli and Sheikh Edebalı by means of Mustafa Hashim Efendi’s interpretation with “Bektashi” perspective. In the Anka-yı Mashriq, the attitude of Mewlana toward the Mongol- Seljuk relations and the Bektashi narrative about the formation of it are remarkable. It also contains valuable knowledge of significant findings in terms of emphasizing the role of Bekthasis and Akhis in Hacı Bektash Veli and Akhi Evran’s personalities. In this study, after introducing of Anka-yı Mashriq, the overlapping of “the dream narrative” with the real history itself is analyzed one by one in terms of both Hacı Bektash and Ahi Evran’s perspectives in the part of “Evalualtion”. This case, is also tried to be evaluated under the light of new information on Hacı Bektash’s date of death. Besides, the critical edition of some relevant sections of the manuscript and simplified translation of the text are aslo given. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17944 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17944 Mesut ŞEN Tanzimat intellectuals, with the emergence of the idea of Turkish nationalism, also began to see Chagatai Turkish as the main literary language of Turkish language. As the Tanzimat intellectuals, Ali Suavi, Ahmed Vefik Paşa, Ahmed Midhat Efendi and Şemseddin Sami have interesting opinions in this context. During this period, the Orkhon inscriptions and Uighurs texts Old Turkish linguistic heritage has yet to face the day. Kutadgu Bilig newly released features of the content and language are not known enough. Tanzimat intellectuals Chagatai Turkish publications of the western Turcologist and especially Vambery's opinion about Chagatai Turkish were under the heavy influence. As a result of this influence it is learned that the Central Asia is the original homeland of the Turks, and Turkish which is used there is also the original Turkish language. Because in the sight of them every language has one original homeland and it can be used there in the most correct way. According to this, the original homeland of Turkish is Central Asia. However, Chagatai Turkish was tried to be excluded by ceditçi intellectuals in its homeland (Turkestan) because of the thesis like it is an ancient language and it is not in accord with the spoken language. Despite the effort of the opposed action "Chagatay Union" which is created under the leadership of nationalist intellectuals like Abdurrauf Fitrat, Abdul Hamid Suleiman [Çolpan], in consequence of the opinions that the removal of the difference between the written language and spoken language are needed and the written language should be based on local elements, Chagatai Turkish gave its place to a few new dialects such as Uzbek and New Uygur 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17872 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17872 Asuman AHMED ABDO SHABAN This article gives a brief information about the life and the works of Firdevsi (Firdevsi-i Rumi Firdevsi-i Tavil) who has lived within the ends of the 15th till the beginnings of the 16th century and the idioms found in Süleymanname’s 43th volume have been reviewed. Firdevsi, who has completed his works within the time of the Old Anatolian Turkish, has lived during the reigns of Fatih Sultan Mehmed, Sultan Bayezid II and Sultan Selim I. Süleymanname-i Kebir was written by Firdevsi-i Rumi at the beginning of 16th century as a work of an encyclopedic nature narrating the life and tales of Prophet Soliman. In addition, this work features topics about eastern mythologies, tales of other prophets, history, wisdom, geometry, astronomy, geography and medicine. It is stated in Süleymanname that Efrasiyab-ı Türk who struggled against Prophet Solomon was actually Alp Er Tunga one of the figures of the Turkish mythology. The author uses such a plain, interesting and lively fashion of expression in this work to the point that it draws attention to the parallelism it has with Dede Korkut stories. His rich use of vocabulary facilitates the fluency in his works. Proverbs, idioms, hendiadyoins and also word unities formed by sound and word repetitions which take place in Süleymanname-i Kebir have a significant cultural contribution to the Turkish language of Turkey. Many of the idioms which take place in Süleymanname’s reviewed 43rd volume not only enable us to have some idea about the linguistic characteristics of the Old Anatolian Turkish and the stereotyped structures which express the value pronouncements of that period but also provide us with the possibility of making comparisons regarding the contemporary idioms. Some of the idioms in Süleymanname are being used at the present day in the original form while others have went through sound or meaning alternation and some of them are not being used any longer. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17806 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17806 Pervane BEKİRKIZI Since the middle of the twentieth century in the world literature, myths and mythological thinking gained great intensity. They are associated with self-defense, wildlife and always renewable nature of myths. Mythological characters and motifs are the main focus and this is evident in the lower layer in the literary texts too. The strengthening of the theme and idea by means of the ornamentation of these lower layers creates conditions for connection with human nature rather than existing ideologies. Literary examples which combines myths with literature are expressed in modern literature studies under the terms “mythopoethry”, “mythocentric work”, “mythogen literature” and “magic realism”. But E.Meletinsky’s “mythopoetika” concept has been considered as more acceptable in most theoretical works. In Azerbaijani literature of XX century, the performance of mythological motifs and images as a part of the literary text portray distinctive characteristics. From this point of view, if during the beginning of the mentioned century mythological motifs and images were reflected into text with their original functions, in the 1950’s and 1960’s, the delivery of the author’s idea became prominent. In Mowlud Suleimanli’s narrative “The Lordship of Yel Ahmad” myths also branched out in literary text as in other narratives of the same author (“Migration” and “Satan”). In this literary work, Yel Hamid, his wife, whose “one face is crying and one face is laughing”, their son, Yel Ahmad and his wife Sarija, who had a commitment with Sari-kiz (The Yellow girl) cult and an old woman who rubbed butterfly powder to six feet of newborn boys of Yel tribe, circulates in the single mythological period. The author, who did not define the time and place, added to his text the elements from Sufism. In some cases this was shown in Nesimi’s hemistiches, but eventually the latter gained unity with ceremonies and rites of Yel Hamid. In this article, theoretical issues of mythological thinking and mythological ornamentation which were hidden within motifs and images of Mowlud Suleimanli’s narrative “The Lordship of Yel Ahmad” were investigated. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17721 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17721 Fatma BÜYÜKKARCI YILMAZ Astrology is founded on the principle that the events on earth are connected with the characteristics and movements of planets. It is called ilm-i ahkâm-ı nücûm, ilmü’t-tencîm in İslamic literature. The seven planets, the main factor of ilm-i ahkâm-ı nücûm are Zuhal (Saturn), Müşteri (Jupiter), Mirrih (Mars), Şems (Sun), Zühre (Venus), Utarid (Mercury). According to the observations made by Arabs in desert, it is observed that the moon travels over the seven heavens in twenty eight nights and it has twenty eight dwellings. These dwellings are Şerateyn, Butayn, Süreyya, Deberân, Hek‘a, Hen‘a, Zirâ‘, Nesre, Tarfe, Cebhe, Zübre, Sarfe, Avvâ, Simâk, Gafr, Zubânâ, İklîl, Kalb, Şevle, Ne‘âyim, Belde, Sa‘d-ı zâbih, Sa‘d-ı Bulâ‘, Sa‘dü’s-su‘ûd, Sa‘dü’l-ahbiye, Ferg-i evvel, Ferg-i sânî and Rişâ. Some of them are fortuitous and some of them are evil. A lot books or treatises were written on this subject in Islamic area. There a lot of treatises in the libraries, the writer of some of them are unknown, some of them are translated briefly. The two of them are in the Library of İstanbul Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, one is written in verse and the other is in prose. Their languages are simple and clear. They complement each other in terms of the subject. Şerh-i dânisten-i sülûk-i Kamer (ŞR 43/4) consists of 70 verses. It deals with “ahkâm” of Kamer, concerned with astrological signs. Şerh-i menâzilü’l-Kamer (ŞR 337/6) deals with “ahkâm” of Kamer, concerned with astrological signs and dwellings of Kamer. According to the information given in the introduction, Kamer has of prime importance in this science. This was tested a thousand times. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17756 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17756 Halit DURSUNOĞLU In Turkey Turkish is an important aggregate, constitute the quoted words. These words of the word in Arabic has a special place and importance. Intertwined with centuries of Turkish and Arabic have received many words of each other, gave each other many words. When Turkish last words from Arabic into Turkish Turkish people have taken a new shape in the mouth; in other words, Turkey's power and intelligence has gained a new identity as a product of. Arabic words in Turkish, which have undergone changes, their new shapes, with Turkish words taken from other languages, composite structures they create with words; important in the forms of words localizing contains examples. These examples when Turkish in the words of the Turkish people is how creative and words that reveal how much internalized. Published in 2005 by the Turkish Language Society "Contemporary Turkish Dictionary", according to the dialect of Turkish, which is one of the largest in Turkey Turkish, as of 2005, there are 104,481 vocabulary. These dictionaries are based Arabic words in Turkish of Turkey 6463. This number is quoted words in Turkey Turkish constitute the largest number of terms. In other words, the most quoted words Turkey Turkish, Arabic is taken from. The previous period of Turkey Turkish, Ottoman Turkish period, considering that this number is much more than it is a fact. Turkish quote of words vocabulary in the most space holding the Arabic words, some in Turkey Turkish one-two audio pronunciation differences outside as well as being used, some small or large changes undergone format is used. In this paper, which is used in Turkey Turkish Arabic words, these words sound in words from changes in the structure and mentioning the relationship and interaction between Turkish and Arabic will be discussed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17767 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17767 Kaplan ÜSTÜNER Magazines, which has various samples in libraries, are described as books belonging to one or more authors or poets consisting of various forms or volumes of prose or poems. Biography means life story. When considering biographies in Ottoman literature, the first thing coming to mind is collection of poet biographies. Collection of biographies and magazines are different works in terms of their purpose. While collection of biographies mostly introduce the author, magazines give examples of the author’s works. In addition to that there is information of author’s life in some magazines, beside sample texts. Aim of this study is to assert the story of an Ottoman poet named Swordsman İbrahim Yaver, whose name is never mentioned in collection of biographies of poets and other source of bigraphies, with reference to magazine registered to 06 Mil. Yz. A. 1793 archive number in National Library. Moreover, the aim of this study is to point out that the magazines are important sources in order to write our literature history accurately by giving examples that they introduce biographical information. Swordsman İbrahim Yaver was born in Rumelia in 1115/1703 (?). His was of Albanian origin. His father’s name was General Yusuf. His mother came from a rich family. It is known that he had two children named Rukiye and Zeynel Abidin. His occupation was swordsmanship. Yaver, who spent most of his life in İstanbul, mentiones also the city that he lived in his poems. He tells the beauties, earthquakes, and cold weather of İstanbul in his poems. Apart from İstanbul, he had been in Crimea and Akhaltsikhe, after his father’s death he lived in poverty. Swordsman İbrahim Yaver who followed Mevlevi principles died in 1188/1774 (?). 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17927 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17927 Erkan AKALIN Ottoman Empire that is composed of politics which gains its essence from conquering policies and deepseated reign culture; economy that depends on ample, good-quality, cheap, equalitarian and collaborative production of goods and services; and art that reached maturity through the retort of time into the codes of society, is a real society of poemwith standard amongst its units, harmony in the execution of institutions and rhyme of measure and theme of contingency. In this civilisation, from boot-maker to candy-seller, from Muslim-judge to professor, from soldier to slave everybody from every segment of society got their share from the ocean of poems, and they got the poems nailed in their memories. It was such that street sellers used poems in their cries, so did shopkeepers in their notices, soldiers during campaigns with music, Şeyhülislams in their wisdoms, science people in logical and literal sciences like medicine, chemistry, astronomy, mathematics, and kalam, islamic law, Quranic translations, words of Mohammad, sufis in their comments about past, present and future, government officials in search of title, respect and mercy. Poems, which are some kind of magic, were used to express dreams and thoughts as an interpreter of ideas. Many members of the palace, too, both used the common language of poems by making use of immemorial images, symbols, and thought schemes that were provided by Turkish poetry in classical level of fiction/literature, and in real/historical level they assigned them as the expressionist of their pains, respects, regrets, wishes and prayers based on state-sermon-requiem. In this article, the poem of palace as an intermediate tool between real, history will be aimed to be explained with this latter channel of benefit under the light of some examples. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17842 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17842 Cüneyt AKIN The aim of this study is to compare 'Thirty-Age Poet' of Kirghiz Turks, Alıkul Osmonov and in Turkish literature, Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı who is famous with a poem named 'thirty-five age' the theme of death. Two poets, separated by 'Iron Curtain, Alıkul and Tarancı, , while they are belong to two different ideological world, they met at the common motif of humanity. Their personality and life has shaped the theme of “death anxiety” in their works. As if they know each other they use the motif of dead in the same way at their works “thirty five age” and “age of thirty poem”. Cahit 'Thirty-Five Years of Age' at the time he wrote the poem, Alıkul thirty years old, and 'Thirty-Age' is writing poetry. Each other about whether they are in the news does not have any documents and information. Cahit in the 'Thirty-Five Years of Age Syndrome', in Alıkul 'Thirty-Age Syndrome', appears in the form. While Cahit Sıtkı wrote the poem 'Thirty Five Age', Alıkul was at his thirties and he was writing the poem ‘'Thirty-Age'. There is no document or knowledge whether they were informed each other or not. In this study by comparing the different metaphors that the poets used common and different motifs are tired to be interpreted. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=16930 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=16930 Ahmet AKPINAR There exists understanding, explanation and agreement at the center of every type of human activity. Language is not a system randomly coming together to pass our thoughts to others, it is a string based on words each one of which was born with the principle of causality. Language is a system including words that connect to each other and to other things to provide communication and its intention is to provide on the one hand a message and on the other a set of signs or symbols. Ferdinand de Saussure is famous for his sign language and this system is evaluated as the relationship between ‘signifier ou signifiant’ or ‘signified or signifier’. Linguistics is the scientific research of language. Semantics, however, is a su 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17785 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17785 Seda ARIKAN As one of the prominent branches of art literature involves significant symbols that are derived from life. Those symbols function as reflectors of thoughts, feelings and ideas of human beings who transmit those aspects to their literary works. In this respect, water appears as one of the leading symbols in oral and written literature since the beginning of history. As a must-have life source, water penetrates into literary works with a variety of symbolism. The theme and symbolism of water are mainly related to the ideas of catharsis, cleansing, life and re-birth. However, especially in terms of psychoanalytic studies, water is accepted as a symbol of unconscious that harbors dark forces such as instincts. This study aims to put forth symbolism of water for consideration in selected literary works from English literature. Water, one of the symbols of transcendence, will be handled as a bicephalous symbol that inspires the themes of salvation and/or catastrophe (life and/or death) in literary works. With regard to the psychoanalytic reading of water symbolism, this study intends to exhibit the theme and symbolism of water with varied dimensions from English literary works of 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17892 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17892 Songül ASLAN KARAKUL Literary semiotics has been a method for the comprehension and interpretation of a variety of texts.This method is important in the act of reading through different critical lenses and portrayal of intended messages in the narrative, and making the invisible visible. In this paper the story entitled The Sorcery Shop (Büyü Dükkânı) by Yeşim Türköz is read through the literary semiotics lens.In semiotic analysis, an agreement is made between the consignor and the subject, which is dubbed as essential narrative program. An essential narrative program is obtained through the narrative programs in use which we shall determine throughout the narrative.Therefore, the prevalent narrative programs in use will be evaluated in detail. The story called The Sorcery Shop is a narrative sample. The narrative is either an oral or written discourse regarding an event or a chain of events that are performed by narrative agents in a specific space and time. In such a discourse, the narrator aspires to explore the narrative agents in different contexts in terms of the functions of their intented actions who perform, or intend to perform either fictitious or real deeds. A narrative consists of a narrative program including a plot and how they are related to each other. The Sorcery Shop (Büyü Dükkânı) by Yeşim Türköz displays characteristics of a psychological story. For this reason, four stages of the narrative program are not vividly seen in the narrative. Owing to the structure of the story, the stages of manipulation and competence occupy a substantial space. Accordingly, self-questioning of the subject in relation to time is the thing which mostly occupies the narrative. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17764 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17764 Pelin ASLAN AYAR The aim of this study is to make a feminist literary criticism upon the plays written in the period starting from the declaration the Republic till the mid-80’s. The plays were written by five male writers who are different in terms of their education, their world view and their approaches towards literature.The plays, Bir Kavuk Devrildi written in the beginning of the Republican period by Musahipzade Celal who has a traditional education and theater view, Bir Adam Yaratmak by Necip Fazıl Kısakürek who has a mystical world view after leaving his European education and meeting with Aldülhakim Arvasi, Gölgeler by Ahmet Muhip Dıranas whose theaters have dramatical structures, Önemli Adam by Sabahattin Kudret Aksal who is influenced by Inesco and absurd theatre, Oyunlarla Yaşayanlar by Oğuz Atay who follows the new movements in the West literature and focuses on the problems of Turkish intellectuals in his fictions are firstly analyzed through women characters, the analysis displays that the women characters are always either angel or evil, or busy with daily issues without intellectual concerns in contrast to men characters who are intellectuals thinking and questioning themselves and the world. Finally, the reasons behind such constant depiction of women characters are evaluated. Cultural and ideological factors behind the insistence on such depiction of women characters by these five different writers living in different times are discussed and in the light of these factors it is claimed that the phallus centric view is dominant in Turkish theatre for a long time. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17840 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17840 Belgin BAL Almost majority of the lessons taught in the school includes activities that foster students' creative thinking. In order to be a society of the future, gaining creative thinking skill will be an important attribute. Our society is developing fast and has a tendency to change its educational curriculum in accordance with necessities of the time. Newly constructed Turkish course (1th-5th and 6 th -8th grades ) aims to study what kind of explanations and gains there are about teaching creative thinking in Teaching Curriculum. Screening model has been used and content analysis has been done in the research. To obtain data , first of all, curriculums have been reached at the website of Ministry of National Education Head Council of Education and Morality: (www.ttkb.meb.gov.tr). In the curriculums , philosophy on which teaching curriculum depends, general goals, main skills , approaches and techniques have been screened. When the findings ,obtained as a result of the research, are taken into consideration, it can be said that there has been adequate gain for both primary and secondary school students in aspects of quantity and quality. Creative thinking in the curriculum is within main skills and curriculum has tried to make learners gain this skill through texts. With rich content , students are tried to develop creative thinking . As students themselves take part in the process of generating syllable , word, sentence , text with goals, activities to develop students creativity are included. Goals with this aspect can contribute to teaching creative thinking. Creative thinking goals can be said to become intense beginning from 2th grade in primary school. It is seen that after 3th grade more importance is given to foster students creative thinking skills. After 4th and 5 th grade in primary school, students have been tried to do exercises about gaining creative thinking skills and using that in their daily lives. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17943 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17943 Mehmet Emin BARS A motif is the smallest element in folk narratives that persists in oral tradition. A motif is narrative codes which leave permanent marks in people’s minds and which is emphasized similarly in literary works. Motifs exist in the traditions of a society, bear important functions in the texts, and continue their existence with their extraordinary qualities. They always appear in different literary works. Bloody shirt motif is one of the motifs which is frequently used in folk narratives and it has its origin in Islam. The bloody shirt which we encounter in many narratives as evidence of death, had its origin in Yusuf Kıssası and then moved on to other narratives. This motif is especially used in fairy tales. The study explored the use of the bloody shirt motif as evidence of death in four stories. In the folk tale called Yusuf and Züleyha, this motif was discussed as it was used in its most original way. Then, its use in an epic tale, a fairy tale, and a folktale was examined. Thus, how different genres viewed the motif which was used in folktales was presented. The findings revealed that although great changes were displayed in the narratives with regard to characters, plot, events, time, and setting, bloody shirt motif was not affected very much with this condition and it was used with the same function (giving news of fake death). Bloody shirt motif, as evidence of death, changed in every narrative prose according to the features of the genre it was told in. Moreover, it is possible to state that there was a strong relation between the motifs used in narratives. A motif provides an opportunity for the other motifs which have close relations with it. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17777 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17777 Sibel BAYRAM The work of arts created through the human history and called global cultural heritage has a precious task to transfer old values to our modern day.One of the most important part of cultural heritage is Bridges for sure.Bridge means a connection between two things or a bond conbining two things.After a while Bridges are not only a concrete building but also they become an icon with the meaning they carried in the area.They play the leading role by carrying people and witnessing many events with the locals.Bosnia Herzogovina is a country with so many bridges which are not only stone buildings combining two distant places but also they are the buildings which sometimes the symbol of peace and melting pot of different cultures and sometimes the beginning spot of the war.The bridges in Bosnia have a different soul of themselves in addition to their architectural beauty.‘The Bridge of Drina’ ,a novel by Ivo Andriç ,tells the story of Drina Bridge constructed by Sokullu Mehmet Pasha during Ottoman Period.The Bridge in this novel comes onto the stage as the main character which doesnt only combine two banks together but it is a meeting point for the east and the west cultures as well. Another bridge called Mostar constructed in Ottoman Period has became the symbol of multiculturalism.But Bridges has not always had the role of combining cultures and bringing them closer.Sometimes they became the start point of destruction.Latin and Vbanja bridges are the places where first sparks of destructive fire was ignited.In our presentation ,the meaning the bridges in Bosnia carried is going to be studied in the lights of The Bridge of Drina by Ivo Andriç. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17824 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17824 Ulaş BİNGÖL, Özkan CİĞA Ismail Tunalı improves the ontological assay method by Nicolai Hartmann and Roman Ingarden’s ideas. Principle of this assay method is work of art separated into two basic layers called back-yard, front-yard. Front-yard means work of art’s meterials. Back-yard means occurs meaning units, object, character and destiny layers. The layers of the text indicates ontical integrity becasue each layer prone to occur previous layer. The ontological assay method improved by Ismail Tunalı is in course of time used by some researchers in Divan poetry. According to the ontological approach literary works consist of some layers as each work of art. There are sound that material forming the literary work in the bottom layer. Saund layer also occurs the structure of the text. The semantic layer that establishing the significant associations is just over sound layer. Objects, characters and fate layers are located respectively over this layer. Literary texts which has polyphonic image have ontical integrity. The text is resolved starting from the bottom layer in ontological method. Layers are shaped by artist literary figures and the text of features. It may not be able to reach all the elements in the layers. There is not a pedestal will be found all of ontological elements in a literary text. The aim of this study is handle the ontological assay method and analyze a Şeyh Galib’s gazel. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17937 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17937 Mesut BULUT The wars broke out after the Balkan War and immediately after it left deep scars in the memory of Turkish nation. These war years when thousands of Muslim Turkish people were slaughtered were called “disaster years” and they were printed in history as disgrace because these conflict years were full of real life stories which were painful and miserable. For example, cross was drawn on their foreheads without considering whether they are children or not, religious men were hanged from their turbans, and innocent girls were dragged along and exposed to any kind of cruelty. During this period, such disadvantages as an enormous empire and her remaining balance facing extinction due to the conspiracies of European states and emergence of treachery from everywhere caused sorrow and despair on Muslim Turkish nation and therefore, various movements of ideas were introduced; however, they did not yield results and anywhere in the motherland was occupied and tyrannized. In such an atmosphere, many patriotic intellectuals and writers who chose ideology of Turkish nationalism as their motto made an effort to bring educational aspect of language and literature into the forefront. For that purpose, they performed tasks to increase the motivation and morale of Turkish nation. Specifically, Young Pens (Genç Kalemler) which was begun in the city of Thessalonica in 1911 by the three writers who were most representative of the movement: Ziya Gökalp , Ömer Seyfettin, and Ali Canip Yöntem, had many fans as a result of the Balkan wars and had a very important role for the Turkism to gain strength. With New Language Movement " (Turkish: "Yeni Lisan"), they pointed out that language must be simplified, the effects of foreign language and rules on Turkish must be removed and the differences between the oral language and the written language must be removed. Therefore, this language and literature movement aimed at unity and nationalization in language. In this period, many nationalistic intellectuals and writers such as Ömer Seyfettin, Ali Canip Yöntem, Ziya Gökalp and M. Fuad Köprülü used language and literature as a means of education to educate and raise the awareness of the society. Moreover, they were not indifferent to the conditions of the country; on the contrary, examples of patriotism were actively exhibited, and remedies were searched for the liberation of the Turkish nation. For that purpose, national sensitivity was mentioned extensively primarily in Tasvir-i Efkâr (Picture of Ideas) newspaper, such magazines as Türk Yurdu, Türk Ocağı and Türk Derneği and in the Turkish- Literature textbooks written for the courses which were going to be taught in schools belonging to Maarif Nezareti (Ministry of National Education) and it was the aim to wake up people from “dreaming” and to raise their awareness. In this sense, language and literature was used as a means with the pens of intellectuals and writers in the war of independence during the Balkan wars and afterwards. The aim of the study was to detect and evaluate for what purposes language and literature was used as educational means during the war atmosphere in the Balkan Wars and afterwards (1911-1916). For that purpose, the example texts in Turkish-Literature textbook called Millî Kıraat (Fifth Part) by M. Fuad Köprülü for the 8th grades in primary education and the 9th grades in secondary education in Ottoman Period were used. This study was carried out via document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. The study shed light on the history, the attention was drawn on the roles and functions of literary texts in language and literature education and it aimed at making contributions to the future studies. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17987 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17987 Mehrali CALP The main purpose of the act of writing is to express thoughts and feelings in writing. Written expression is a multi-faceted, complex and difficult process that requires many sub-skills. On the basis of expression, there are words and phrases in meaningful language relationship. Comprehension and expression skills’ efficient use depends on capacity words. The purpose of the study is to determine whether there is a relationship between middle school 8th grade and high school in the 11th grade level of students' written expression performances and the words that they used in their compositions and whether it differs according to grade level of students. The study is a descriptive study on survey model. In the study, 201 from the 8th grade in middle school, 177 students from the 11th grade in high school were asked to write a composition. Compositions were analyzed in two steps. In the first step, the compositions students wrote were scored 3 times including analytical measurement tool two times and once with a holistic measurement tool. Written expression performance is calculated by taking the arithmetic mean of these three scoring. In the second step, each composition has been examined in terms of some variables , except ‘performance’, such as "total number of words", "the number of simple, compound and derived words", "the number of misspelled words" , "the number western origin words", "the number of words in the longest and shortest sentences" and these values have been obtained. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for numeric data collected in two steps and Mann-Whitney U test was performed for comparison of these two grade levels. According to the results, 11th grade students’ composition performances are higher than 8th grade ones. 11th grade students wrote longer compositions using more words than 8th grade students. İt is observed that 11th grade students use simple and compound words, 8th grade students use simple sentences rather than compound sentences. It is hoped that this study draw attention to how important the words are in written expression performance. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17800 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17800 Badegül CAN EMİR The works of authors who act as ambassadors of the society is the history of the country. They create the country's history through the people indicating the future. One of them is Aleksandr İsayeviç Solzhenitsyn who was laureate Nobel Price in 1970. Because of his anti-attitude to Stalin, he was sentenced to ten years of his life in various camps, twenty years spent in exile separated from the motherland. He was inspired the materials of his works from the lived experienceand he was in the limelight with his political discourses. Although Solzhenitsyn was perceived more than a writer, he was famous with his important identity and his opposition to evils, lying and his sensitive approach to injustice. Solzhenitsyn's works included these subjects: social inequality, freedom, political and ideological oppression, Stalin's camps. Author taking this issues to the center tells the truths related to the Russia's social, political and economic change and transformation. Therefore, Solzhenitsyn's works constitute an important part of Russian history. These works are important with regard to the facts to be expressed in literature and showing his role with history teaching. Until now that we are used to hearing political Solzhenitsyn, but with this study taken as the axis of his works, the real identity of the writer, that is, writer Solzhenitsyn has been investigated. Indeed, thinking Solzhenitsyn with his works of literature, lookinhg him in literary world will open us the doors of a differnt world. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17821 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17821 Selami ÇAKMAKCI Having started with Tulip Age, Westernisation movements take a planned form with edict of Gulhane. In that age, when social and cultural developments are lived quite fast, daily life units of West go into the social life effectively. The late modernism has a share on the fast and repeated remodelling of social life. The type of novel which prepares the birth conditions of Enlightenment in Europe springs in Turkish literature towards the end of Westernisation movements. Westernisation phenomenon was handled as a problem over the European snob types in the first samples of novel and it was stressed that Westernisation was only lived in only appearance. European snob type is known with admiration, apery and simple wannabe towards foreign. In this study, a reading based on over-westernisation about “european snobbery” has been carried out, and the causes directing their behaviours and thoughts and the conditions emerging those two European snobs who were in the pursuit of foreign desires were determined. The main aim of the study is to realize social tensions hidden behind a society which carries the desire of over westernisation instead of being a Westerner or staying Easterner. Being a product of a period when social breakages were lived, european snob type has been made a subject to criticism in an ironic expression in “Araba Sevdası” and contradiction of a new intellectual type who will be taken as an example in the novel of Felatun Beyle Rakım Efendi”. The daily life units of protagonists in these novels reflect their viewpoints towards modernism. Moreover, the selected means concerning daily life gives information about both of their intelligence level of acquiring Westernisation. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17780 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17780 Mehmet Korkut ÇEÇEN Currently, using computer in many fields has almost been compulsory. Whilst computer technology is used in academic studies, it provides convenience to researchers in language and literature studies. Specifically the large part of computer and internet applications, used in Old Turkish Literature researches, are not used efficiently. Researchers in the discipline of Old Turkish Literature use desktop applications, consisting of word processor, spread sheet, paint and presentation programmes. Recently, commonly-used word processor programmes such as use of different alphabet and index preparation are carried off easily. Spread sheet programmes are helpful in data evaluation through various criterions; paint programmes are helpful in use of and processing of digital copies of rare works; presentation programmes are helpful in the effective presentation of academic reports and studies. Regarding the discipline of Old Turkish Literature, database applications of bibliography, catalogue and rare works are available on the internet. Rare works and parts of studies on these works are on the web. Such electronic sources can be evaluated in two sections as old-letter and new-letter. Sources in old-letter are found mostly in libraries of rare works. Some of these libraries reproduced digital copies of manuscript and printed works, and therefore catalogued them and created database. Master and doctoral dissertations in YÖK National Thesis-Center, Ministry of Culture and Tourism E-Book Project, Text Bank, electronic copies of academic journals, electronic journals and databases of bibliography, biography, encyclopedia and dictionary constitute new-letter electronic sources. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17905 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17905 Safa ÇELEBİ, M. Hülya KİBAR FURTUN Homonymic words in Turkish, most of the time cannot be perceived and pronounced correctly by foreign students. In order for Turkish-learning foreigners to recognise the meaning-diacritic features of supra-segmental units such as accent, intonation, tune, duration, and caesura, the differences that occur during the pronunciation of words need to be made visible. The aim of this work is to identify the differences of some homonymic words in Turkish in terms of supra-segmental units; and in line with these differences, to emphasise the significance of making supra-segmental units visible in achieving correct pronunciation. Making supra-segmental units visible in silico in teaching Turkish to foreigners will contribute to the skills of speaking correctly and eloquently as well as oral reading of students. This work was conducted by the depictive method, which examines incidents and phenomena in their natural conditions. The data was acquired from some homonymic words in TDK Audio Turkish Dictionary as well as oral reading of some homonymic words within sentences by 5 experts in Turkish teaching and recording of the reading by a recorder. The data recorded by the recorder was analysed with Praat 5.3.56 programme. The statistical method was used in the evaluation of the results of the analysis. As a result, it became clear that accents of homonymic words in Turkish are different from each other; it is possible to observe accent differences of homonymic words within a context, which do not have any accent differences in terms of lexeme; it is necessary and has a great significance to have foreigners make accent practices by making supra-segmental units such as accent, intonation, tune, duration, limit and caesura visible in silico, in achieving the correct pronunciation of homonymic words in oral reading and speaking skills. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17499 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17499 Ali ÇELİK Turks have lived together with different communities until today and as a result have exchanged cultures. Particularly, it is seen that a number of words have been exchanged in languages with the acceptance of Islam religion. Setting of from this aspect, it has been attempted to give information on the position of Nehcü'l-Ferâdîs which is one of the important Works of Harezm Turkish in language-culture relationship in our study. Nehcü'l-Ferâdîs has an important role in Turkish language history. It reflects the Middle Period of Turkish language both with its language and the century it was written in. Furthermore, some of the words used in the work are also used in today’s Turkish language. For this reason, a part of the language elements is protected and has reached modern day in the culture which is transferred from generation to generation. Actually, language here is both directly a part of the national culture and a means of another cultural element. In the circumstances, the language chosen when creating a literary work is a direct indicator of the cultural values which the author/ poet is connected to. From the point of view of the language used in the literary work assessments can be done on the cultural dimension which forms the background of the work (Börekçi 1999: 534). On the other hand, every nation kneads its language and culture. Meanwhile, it incorporates some elements from the land it passes through like a flowing river. The spoken and written language of every civilized nation is full of words and idioms taken from the civilizations it meets. In this respect, the language of every nation is almost like a summary of the history of the nation down the ages. The language gains significance when you look at it from this perspective (Kaplan 1998: 140). For this reason, it has been attempted to give information on the language- culture relationship of one of the important works of the Middle Period of Turkish, Nehcü'l-Ferâdîs’ structure which matches its period. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17933 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17933 Bayram ÇETİNKAYA Dictionaries, which are an important reference work, help their users develop their language proficiency. Based on the users’ age, levels of education, mother tongue, purpose of use, and opportunities dictionaries are 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17908 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17908 Murat ÇOLAK, Mesut Bayram DÜZENLİ Câmiü’l-Envâr ‘Alâ Tefsîri’l-İhlâs written in the masnavi form according to the current literature is the only verse commentary of the Ihlas sura was written by Husayn b. Ahmed Sirôzî who was a member of the Khalwatiyya tariqa. In this masnavi, which was comprimised from 10,911 couplets, apart from the commentary of Ihlas sura; there were menakıbs about the religious leaders, apparent and esoteric meanings of the names of Allah, importance of pray and dhikr, 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17884 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17884 Ümit Özgür DEMİRCİ Ötüken sacred center was established in the rest of the time I. Köktürk state Bugut and Çoyr Inscription language as one of the Sogdian inscriptions; the other is small in volume due to an article, II. Köktürk from the rest of the state Tunyukuk, Köl Tigin and Bilge Kagan Inscriptions Turkish language and Turkish literary language of the first literary works or works that are considered to be the beginning of, in II. Köktürk state time, Ongin, Küli Çor, Ihe Ashete etc… there are inscriptions. Again using the runic alphabet Steppe Uighur State on the time remaining water, Şine Usu Yazıtı, Tes and Taryat Inscriptions writing in this region, such as inscriptions, was a gift to the Turkish language. Runic inscriptions on letter within the country as well as abroad need many have done valuable work Turcologist from each other. Aramaic origin and is estimated to come to us through Soğd, konsonant very rich in terms of the runic alphabet, although an alphabet, lips and teeth-lip tones b, m, p marks curbed. Thus, arguments, sav, suv, yavlak, yavız words like, runic letter texts by scientists working on many sab, sub, yablak, yabız format was adopted. Gansu migrate to and there is a new religion under the influence of the Uyghur alphabet accepting the Uighurs of the remaining manuscripts have sound for one particular sign because Uighur manuscripts in the sab, sub, yablak, yabız of words like sav, suv, yavlak, yavız format has written seen that. In this study, a sound change is not about the spelling of the spelling and allophone that the issue was mentioned. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17913 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17913 Özlem DEMİREL DÖNMEZ In this study how the syntax types are obtained and how the obtained data is evaluated is focused. The study presents a method which has not been tried up to now. This method takes its bases on ,especially in the poem, ordering the same units of the sentence one under the other and uniting them in a single line. The words that correspond to the the units which are obtained as a result of the uniting are interpreted by ordering. Besides providing a connection between structure and meaning, this method contributes to syntax subject. In this study “Bu Güzel Havalar (Such Nice Weather)” poem of Orhan Veli Kanık was chosen as a sample to study. Firstly, the sentences in the poem were specified, the elements of the sentences are identified and the table of those elements are formed. Then syntax graphic is drawn which gave the originality to this study. This graphic is obtained when the same elements of the poem are combined. In addition, the missing parts of the obtained shape are completed with another element on the same line.Finally, the graphic is interpreted in terms of meaning. This interpretation is based on the shape and sometimes the elements of the sentence are replaced. This condition which is changing the place of elements when needed is the weakest point of this method. It is considered that in time this method will develop and this weak point of this method will be compensated. When the number and variety of the texts increase, the success of this study will be certain. Furthermore, in each text different and similar shapes will be encountered. The aim of giving only one text here is having the aim of introducing this method. We think that this study will be a step in searching the relationship between structure and meaning. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17960 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17960 Gamze DEMİREL There is a significant connection between a symbol and the symbolized. That’s why it is necessary to evaluate each symbol within the text in which it has been used and within the cultural context in which it has been shaped instead of ascribing random meanings to symbols. The “beloved” (the sultan, the praised) that we come across in various identities and faces in the texts of Classical Turkish Literature is the center (point), whereas the lover symbolizes the circle (round, globe, sphere ) cretaed as a result of the spread of the central point and the beloved (the praised) is the essential principle and the unique target that the lover aims to reach because everything and everyone will return to the center (the beloved, the praised) eventually. All beings are headed towards only one point (center). All of them aim to be united at the center, to be close to the center and to be identified with the center. The lover, who realizes that the purpose of his life is to search for this primary being (point, central point, center, circle, round), will try to determine his position in the circular (circle, round, globe, ) center through love. The circular movements that are quite remarkable and needed to be examined in this mystical journey of love attract the attention they exhibite (just as a butterfly rotates around a candle, the lover circumambulates the place where he stands day and night). The lover completes his evolution by these circular movements and the lover who realizes himself by reaching the center (perfect, wise human being) enters into an insolvable unity with her by participating in the stability of the principle. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17875 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17875 Serkan DERİN The Gokturks Inscriptions that wrote in the Gokturk Kaghan II. period are one of the most important documents that enlighten the history of the Turks. These inscriptions involve fragments that give a viewpoint about the Turkish State, policy and society. Even the numbers are less there are also some texts about religious belief and it is possible to conjecture from these fragments about religious life of Turks of that period. Religious history indicates that the Turks had believed in different religion like Shamanism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam throughout the history. Even these religions believed by various clans at the same time, some clans put faith in various beliefs in different periods of history. It is not easy to abandon from old religion and to receive new religion so tergiversate takes a process for i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17920 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17920 Bahar DERVİŞCEMALOĞLU Fables are being used for centuries as an educational tool designed to offer moral lessons to children. It is apparent that fables have a significant function due to their brief, metaphoric and multidimensional structure. First of all, this article discusses general characteristics of fables and their role in educating children and then studies an Aesop fable “The Fox and The Stork” as an example at secondary school level. Here, the primary goal is not to encourage student to repeat things that are actually apparent but to assure that they grasp an enhanced understanding of fable and adopt a logical and critical approach while deliberating on the lessons offered by the fable. For this purpose, the two-pole narrative structure of the fable was initially discussed while analyzing the fable and six elements of Labov’s recognized narrative model was applied to the fable discussed. Then, “Questioning the Author” approach which is the basis of this study was explained and we tried to exemplify how a fable can be analyzed based on this approach. When we analyze the fable in question based on “Questioning the Author” approach, the reading process turns into a more active and interactive experience and thus assures more productive learning process. This process encourages students to question and discover the underlining meanings of the fable rather than accepting these ideas as is and thus helps to create a very productive class environment where the teacher guides students rather than simply answering the questions, encourages them to think and question by bringing up some questions as well as reinforcing class communication through debates and assuring interaction. If discussed critically and thoroughly, the fables turn into an important tool that teaches students to question, criticize, think, interrupt, analyze and to sympathize etc. Bearing in mind this fact, teachers should be precise and careful while teaching fable texts and make use of methods and approaches that will assure a more productive process. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17895 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17895 Sümeyye Dinler KÖKSAL Irony is a rhetoric that is used throughout the ages. The irony which can be defined meaning the opposite of said or making fun. It is considered as a product of a quick-wit. The irony which encountered in the Socratic' discourse firstly, it is also an efficient way to used in literary texts. The irony is mostly used as a criticism method. The poet, which convey his criticisms via the irony method, increase the level of criticism but softens his language. Irony is one of the phraseology that used from time to time in Turkish storytelling .It is possible to see examples of irony in the story branch from Ahmet Mithat. Oğuz Atay, is considered one of the pioneering figures of Turkish literature, considerably used the irony in his works. He adopted the irony as a literary form. Ironically elements are used in Korkuyu Beklerken which is the only storybook of Oğuz Atay as well as his novels include Tutunamayanlar and Tehlikeli Oyunlar which were built with the irony. There are obvious ironic discourses in "Korkuyu Beklerken" and the other stories in the book. The titles of "Bir Mektup", "Babama Mektup", "Tahta At", and "Ne Evet Ne Hayır" which are stories that the irony is used extensively. In this study, it was aimed to detect the irony in the storybook "Korkuyu Beklerken" of Oğuz Atay.Oğuz Atay who is an example as a "tutunamayan" in this life, he criticised for life and made it often ironically in his works. Atay's criticism method, who used the irony as a writing technique, is striking. It was attempted to reveal Atay's ironic criticism for what is done in Korkuyu Beklerken. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17946 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17946 Murat ELMALI In this study, Yusuf Has Hacib’s Kutadgu Bilig has been evaluated for language and linguistic determinism. Kutadgu Bilig, written by Yusuf Has Hacib, is one of the earliest written works of Turks in Islamic cultural environment. Kutadgu Bilig is a political treatise and contains dialogues about hapiness of heroes who represents certain values. Main theme of Kutadgu Bilig is ideal person. Until today it has been subjected to a good number of study. But mainly in these studies, it was analayzed in grammatical aspects. In Kutadgu Bilig which have a unique place in History of Turkish Language is possible to see the trace of some theories mentioned by modern linguistics researhers in 19st and 20st centruies. One of those theories is Linguistic Determinism. Briefly, the theory lean on effect of language in i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17784 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17784 Emrah GÜLÜM As in every moment and every area of history, sky and celestial bodies are always being attractive subjects for literature field. Writers and poets have an attention greatly on stars, constellations, planets etc. besides astronomers and scientists. They lead this curiosity of humankind to a higher level by using these concepts in their works. Approximately six hundred years of Ottoman Literature also took an advantage from this attraction, and Dîvân poets never took a step back to use cosmic elements in their proses and verses. In almost every Dîvân poets used these cosmic elements in their works such as Dîvâns, Mathnawîs and other kind of literature works. Although frequency of usage and semantic substructure of the cosmic elements changes from poet to poet, one of the first poets coming to mind is Sünbül-zâde Vehbî who used this subject in his poems frequently. Sünbül-zâde Vehbî gives various meanings to stars, planets and constellations used in his Dîvân vastly by direct or indirect ways. Except its’ scientific qualities, it’s used as a metaphoric items. Sometimes these were used for compliment to people who praised and sometimes for satire about its’ bad features. This study, based on Sünbül-zâde Vehbî's Dîvân (Sünbülistân) written by Vehbî from Maraş, aims to state every cosmic element used in this Dîvân and to identify their uses and principles and to explain these principles by illustrating with verses. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17848 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17848 Neslihan GÜNAYDIN Civilization is a phenomenon full of temptations such as isolation, selfishness, idleness and decadence and culture is the main factor which affects the character, morality and intellect of people of a society and whatever is experienced by these people it is inseparable from their culture. A mirror of moral decay in Victorian middle-class, The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde indicates that “there is no essential incongruity between crime and culture”(Pater, 1986: 152). In a society in which status and appearance are of great importance there are only two options, i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17961 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17961 Ahmet Zeki GÜVEN Jokes having the humor and entertainment factor have a great importance especially for the students attending primary and secondary schools. Jokes make children not only think but also laugh, and this affects the children’s thinking skills to a large extent. The protagonist’s attitude towards any problem, trial different ways for the solution of the problem and extraordinary perspectives create a good model for the students who read those jokes in the discovery of different reasons and results. The extraordinary manners and thoughts of the protagonists of the joke will be a model for the students, and their creative thinking skills develop, as well. That’s why, the aim of this study is to examine the Bektashi jokes in terms of creative thinking skills and to detect how these jokes can be used in teaching Turkish. Document review which is one of the qualitative data collection techniques was used for this research study. The data of this research study have been gathered by evaluating the 389 Bektashi jokes which are in the ‘Türk Edebiyatında Bektaşi Fıkraları’ prepared by Yıldırım (1999). “Characteristics of Creative Thinking Skills” developed by Temizkan (2011) was used as an instrument to gather the data for the study. According to the results of the study, “Approaching to the events from different viewpoints unlike other people” (f 81) has been detected as the most ranked characteristic of the creative thinking, and “Getting free from stereotypes, being different and standing out of the known” (f 2) has been found as the least ranked characteristic of the creative thinking. Bektashi jokes have been detected as the rich texts which can be used in in terms of developing creative thinking skills when the other characteristics are considered, too. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17888 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17888 Hikmet Feridun GÜVEN Redif and rhyme are important elements of harmony in poetry. Repeated sounds (redif) like suffixes, words or word groups are used in order to strength the harmony at the end of the verses in Clasical Turkish Poetry. Alternating the formation of each verse with the rhyme and redif according to versification form is effective on each versification form to has unique ryhme. In poetry boks, poems with redif are more than poems without it. Consisting of at least one word redif are effective over the meaning of the poem when they gather the words they established meaning relationship. For this reason, keeping track of certain redif will benefit in order to monitor the development of Clasical Turkish Poetry and poets and the effects to each other. In this study, the usage of redif “garib” is examined in ghazal which is one of the Clasical Turkish poetry’s basic versification form. Review consist of introduction, three chapters and conclusion. In the introduction part information about redif usage in Clasical Turkish Poetry is given with a focus on the effect of redif on harmony and meaning. In the first chapter, poets who had written ghazals with the redif “garib”, are ordered according to their death dates and their ghazals are introduced by giving meter and first couplet. In the second part ghazals are viewed according to their number of couplets, meter, rhymes and redif. The shape similarity between the ghazals are shown in the tables drawn. In the third section the relationship between the meanings of ghazals are studied in three sub-headings by considering the various meanings of "Garib". Overall assessment is made in the conclusion section of the review. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17837 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17837 Ahmet İÇLİ The narrative texts of Mihr u Mâh have an important place among literary products in Classical Turkish Literature. The studies conducted up to now have put forward that there are five narrative texts of Mihr u Mâh belonging to Necâtî, Âlî, Kıyâsî, Zarîfî and Hamîdî, who are among the poets of Classical Turkish Literature. However, the one that belongs to Necâtî has not been found out yet. Hamîdî’s work has been found only in library records. The sources suggest that Cebrî, a poet who lived in 16th century, had a Mihr u Mâh, as well. That work has an allegoric symbolic character. This narrative presents the functioning of the celestial bodies through a symbolic language. It is seen that each symbolic element is evaluated within the framework of celestial bodies in Classical Turkish Literature and the metaphorical statements formed around them. All of these evaluations follow a route based on i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17923 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17923 Kayhan İNAN Iran, which is engaged and has a rich history with Turkey in the historical process, is one of the countries where Turkish is taught as a foreign language. In this country, while the history of the Turks and Turkish is ancient, the education of Turkish is a new situation. The mutual friendship and neighbourhood relations between Iran and Turkey enabled Turkish to become popular in this country. Because of the similarity between Turkish and Persian, the common cultural heritage, the interest and affinity they feel towards Turkey and Turkish, Iranians have been making a rapid progress while they have been learning Turkish as a foreign language. In spite of being successful especially in the fields of speaking and listening, they are faced with many problems when it comes to writing skill which is the basic area of activity in foreign language education. Writing is the last of basic language skills. The development of this skill should be put off for another time. The main reason for this is that the competence in speaking and comprehension in listening are understood as the indicators of foreign language knowledge. However, to speak a language and understand what you listen to are not enough to know a language. It is also required that a person can express himself/herself in writing in a foreign language. Despite the importance of writing in foreign language education, it can be said that the problems, which Iranian students are faced with while expressing themselves in writing, result from their ignorance of writing, lack of time in the in-class writing activities and also their ignorance of these activities by assigning them homework, the alphabet differences and the over-confidence that Iranians feel towards themselves. Nevertheless, high motivation and hard work is necessary for an effective writing in a foreign language. This study consists of the evaluation of the written expressions of 71 students, at B2 level in Tehran Yunus Emre Turkish Cultural Centre in 2012-2013 Spring Semester, according to Keshavarz’s (2011) mistake analysis with the aim of determining the mistakes which Iranians learning Turkish as a foreign language do in their written expressions and finding solutions to these mistakes. Research results concluded that Iranians who learn Turkish as a foreign language make spelling, punctuation, phonological, lexical, syntactic and process-based mistakes in their Turkish written expressions. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17816 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17816 H. Özgür İNNALI, İbrahim Seçkin AYDIN According to the studies carried out on reading skills in literature, it seems that cognitive side of reading is predominantly evaluated. But the truth is, that reading is not only a deed that contains cognitive side, but also affective side. This study, which aims to determine the level of 8th grade students’ reader self-efficacy beliefs and evaluation of this circumstance according to 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17815 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17815 Yeşim IŞIK Modernization activities, beginning from 1860 on, following “Imperial Edict of Gulhane”, corresponds to the Kacarlar Period in Iran. In this transition period, Turkish and Iranian intellectuals who were in a dilemma choosing between Western and Eastern cultures, were confronted with many new ideas and movement. There were many conflicts among intellectuals, goverment and the public since it was difficult to adopt to the rapidly changing political enviroment around the world and country during that time. It enables us to achieve significant knowledge by researching political, social and literary developments which gained a certain ground within the constitutional movement, through the contemporary poets and authors. In this context, I will try to enlighten the period by focusing on political and literary lives of the key i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17940 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17940 İbrahim KARAHANCI In reach to a level of language studies, the role of text analysis is important. Text linguistics which ground on the larger units than sentence carries out its work in the framework of the following criteria: cohesion, coherence, intentionality, intertextuality, informativeness, acceptability, stiuationality. Cohesion and coherence of these are more common than others. Songs has become one of the indispensable elements in popular culture and daily life. Songs contain visible language pollution in point of cohesion and coherence which are important to comply with the aim of producing a text, and can be grasped correctly intended to convey the message through its own. Spreading of songs quickly thanks to audio and video media; corrupting of the production-consumption balance in favor of consumption with of production is a challenge due to unconscious consumption; adding new rules to own language which is developed via imitation to adopt language mistakes give way to in the rhythm of the song without knowing; make think the increase of language pollution in songs as in many fields. Of language which is an indispensable element in the establishment of correct communication, problems frequently encountered in daily life -e.g. language pollution in songs- ignoring or fudging in a way is not solution correct and permanent. The solution lies in scientific data which is a production of particular knowledge under brought the rules of the nature of language. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17787 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17787 Serdal KARA The topic of this study is the treatise “Mecmu'atü's-Sanayi'”, which in the seventeenth century was translated from Persian into Turkish. This treatise is quite important because it contains topics related to different areas. After all, being able to describe the development of a language over time depends on being able to analyse works that were written in different areas and different periods. The work on which this study is based is in this respect very important. The fact that such texts are rare further increases the importance of the treatise. Besides, the fact that the treatise has survived in more than one copy and that those copies were produced at different times is also of importance because it shows that the treatise was popular. Besides the fact that terms from different areas are found in the treatise it also is important because it shows the state of Turkish in those areas. In the introductory section of this study an attempt is made to give information about the author of the treatise, the date of its composition and the translator and copyists. Thereafter the focus is on the topic and the sections of the treatise. Information about the name of the treatise and the reason for its composition is given through analysis the copies. Then an attempt is made to give detailed information about the copies by examining them one by one. After this information, which is given in the introductory section, an attempt is made to establish the main linguistic characteristics and the usages that differ from modern Turkish. Finally after these examinations and based on what has been discovered a general evaluation will be given. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17965 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17965 Pelin KOCAPINAR The conceptual dictionaries in Turkish, which are called as onomasiological dictionaries, compositional dictionaries, systematical dictionaries, topical dictionaries, issue classified dictionaries, thematical dictionaries, are named with different terms in foreign languages as well. These kind of dictionaries, which are also considered according to their meanings, are equivalence with in foreign languages such as non-alphabetical, conceptual, ideographic, ideological, notional, onomasiological, semantic, systematic, thematic, topical or thesaurus, lexicon. The multiplicity of those terms mentioned above causes some problems when researchers especially who wish to have the information study in this domain. In this article, the term which is more commonly used in which countries and the reasons for why the dictionaries are named by the help of the foreign literature in particular. Besides the term conflicts about the conceptual dictionaries, also having different opinions on categorization of those dictionaries are occured as an another problem. It is seen that those dictionaries are 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17871 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17871 Şaban KÖKTÜRK, Cem ODACIOĞLU , Nazan Müge UYSAL Studies regarding the history of translation show that the first period when theoretical bases of translation were laid and translation was performed in a systematical way was the Ancient Roman times. Translation which was analyzed as a research question since Ancient Times was studied as a discipline of linguistics from a scientific perspective but accepted as an independent discipline after the 1970s. For a discipline the research area of which has such a complex nature pertaining to human, culture and language, drawing strict borders and establishing generally accepted rules are difficult. Yet, within disciplines where scientific studies are conducted, it is obvious that a consensus with respect to the content of concepts or terms is necessary. When the discourse of the academicians in the Turkish context is analyzed, it can be observed that there is a general consistency in terms of the umbrella term of translation discipline, yet; what the term stands for shows differences. The reason for this difference in their discourse can lie in the epistemological difference between different dominant approaches in this field. For this reason, in this study, first of all, some information about how these approaches, namely Anglo-Saxon and German Approaches (Schools), term translation discipline and what they mean by these terms have been given. Thereafter, Turkish academicians’ viewpoints of translation field, terminology they use for the field and what they mean by this terminology has been presented with a discourse analysis concerning these academicians’ studies. The terms pertaining to the umbrella term of translation in Google Search Trends have also been presented in order to see the variety of terms searched and which of these terms are mostly preferred on search engines. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17834 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17834 Esra KURU Written works are given names such as advice book, book on ethics, guidance book in order to direct people towards what is good, right and beautiful and enable raising well-behaved i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17880 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17880 Serhat KÜÇÜK Old Anatolian Turkish, which is the oldest written language of Oghuz, also serves as a bridge between Middle Turkish and Ottoman Turkish in terms of its phonetic features. Therefore, many components in Old Turkish and Middle Turkish in the period of Old Anatolian Turkish are found archaically. While some of these components continue in Ottoman Turkish and Turkey Turkish either in a similar way or with phonetic changes, some of them, especially in literary language, have fallen into disuse after this period. However, we should indicate that while some words or grammatical components have not been used in literary language after Old Anatolian Turkish, they have continued their existence in Anatolian folk accents. The studies made or to be made regarding to compile Anatolian folk accents are very important in revealing these hiding elements. The studies regarding to compiling of Anatolian folk accents are increasingly continuing at Turcology departments at many of our universities, and this gratifies us. The importance of Dede Korkut’s stories does not only depend on being a written literary work. Also, they have begun to come into existence in old-time and they have been transferred to the written language by being compiled from folk accents. Therefore, this work is more important than the other works of Old Anatolian Turkish in terms of hiding the archaic components. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17789 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17789 Gökhan ÖLKER The Ottoman Turkish that the second half of Oghuz Turkish forming together with the Azerbaijan Turkish are transcribed by the Ottoman alphabet which is based on the Arabic alphabet and consisting of thirty-one letters. However, the Ottoman alphabet literally can not to be enough for Turksih. Especially the vocal system inadequacy and extra letters for the same sound have been difficult always to the learning and teaching of this alphabet. The alphabet discussion starting with the Tanzimat still continues even today. Because of internal and external factors be made or tried to make changes on the alphabet show that this discussions will continue for a longer period. We want to look at a different point to discussions on the Ottoman alphabet leaving aside the present day discussions. We will examine taking over applying of the the same alphabet on the different language for to make the control of criticism which vocal system of the Ottoman alphabet is insufficient and there is more than enough letters for consonant sounds. This research will be on Greek which has been perhaps the most widely spoken language after Turkish within the borders of the Ottoman state. Reading key will be set forth in the for Greek texts were written in Ottoman alphabet in the borders of the Ottoman state. Before the Greeks in the Ottoman state and Greek education will be emphasized. Later it will be manifested how the Greek words were written and Greek letters were responded with Ottoman alphabet by a textbook with a four-verse dictionary was written in the nineteenth century with Ottoman alphabet were scaned in detailed. Meanwhile, the adequacy of the Ottoman alphabet will be determined inwhich responding to Greek letters. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17902 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17902 Recai ÖZCAN Literature reflects the problems that society face with in political, social and economical areas in different forms. In Turkey, the writer, who finds himself between old-new discussions-which increased in 1930s-, tries to establish his new life desire in his novels, sometimes follows a socialist and realistic way and sometimes puts forward i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17453 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17453 Mehmet ÖZDEMİR In this article; the novel of Bozkırın Sırrı Türk Peygamber which deal with the culture and geography of Central Asia in terms of many aspects such as religious, political, social and cultural issues has been examined according to elements of folklore. When considering the historical development of the culture-themed novels in Turkish Literature, the first novels depicting the traditions, customs, and cultural themes in a village setting have initiated the first village novels. In this period, there have been a number of new attempts in literature and writers have started being interested in Anatolia and they have presented rich examples of village-themed novels. Althoug it is regarded as a genre with a western origin, the village-themed literature or novel has proved itself as a special literal genre in Turkish Literature with its groundbreaking samples that have been published since those periods. The novel of Bozkırın Sırrı Türk Peygamber is a great example of he drifts from Anatolia to Central Asia unlike the drifts from villages to thé metropolitan of Istanbul observed in the first examples. In the novel, the place that is being looked for is not Anatolia. The thing that is being traced is the preparation of the current heritage in Anatolia. In this context, this novel is examined in terms of folklore with an aim of reaching Anatolia. Steppe is the origin where Turkish culture was born. Turkish people learnt how to be a nation, how to be a state and how to produce in steppe and brought this knowledge and these traditions to Anatolia. The reason why most of the traditions observed in Anatolia today is related to thé Central Asia is because Turkish culture spread the other geographies from the Central Asia. Being a steppe novel, Bozkırın Sırrı Türk Peygamber provides rich examples of this culture. From this point of view, the importance of this novel is obvious. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17917 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17917 Fatih ÖZEK Anaptyxis is defined as a sound which originally does not belong to a word, but occures by a derivation in any part of a word. The reasons for anapyxis are devirse, but mostly they occure by interactionn of sounds and effortlesness of pronunciation. Anaptyxis of initial /y-/ is a typical sound event which occures a lot in Turkish. The examples of prohhesis /y-/, derived mostly in front of the /ı/ and /i/ and rarely the other vocals, can be seen at very first written texts of Turkic: A.T *ī-, īd- ‘to send’ > Kök. yıd- ; ETT yid- (Krş. Krh. īd- (DLT); Yak. īt-); AT *ālppagut ~ ilpagut, Kök. yılpagut ‘brave men”. ‘Anaptyxis of /y-/ in Turkic Languages’, a work by Talat Tekin, shows us that anaptyxis of /y-/ can be seen in latter historical periods of Turkic and modern Turkic dialects. Anaptyxis of /y-/ can be seen in Turkey Turkish dialects also. The first aim of this study is to list these examples. By a prestudy the examples of yiye “owner”, yirinti “cracked”, yiri “huge”, yılgın“mirage”, yacanmak/yecanmak “to be afraid, to hang back”, yuħu “sleep”, yüvez “rowan”, yiz “iz”, yığlamak “to cry”, yēri “barefaced”, yege/yige “riffler”, yendürmek “to lower down”, yaldatmak “to cheat” vb. ve yıbrıħ (Ar.) “kettle”, yırgat (Rum.) laborer, yesir (Ar.) “slave” etc. are determined. The second aim of the study is to sind out the reosans of these derivation. The reasons of anaptyxis -/y-/ can be listed as follows: 1.Shortening of long vowels 2. Sandhi derivation 3. The protection of sound value of initial atonic vocals This study aims to list the examples of anaptyxis /y-/ and to find out its resons the first determinations. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17915 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17915 Hatice PARLAK, Fatma ALKAN Language acquisition that is inherited as a natural process from previous generations is carried out in a specific line. Language acquisition of children depends on the amount of time they are exposed to language and the amount of frequency they interact with the people. Language acquisition is a natural process of physical, social and cognitive growth. If children are not exposed to language before age of 6 to 7, in other words they don’t use it in their daily lives; language acquisition might not be achieved. In order to achieve academic language, it should be included in their educational life. It will have a positive effect on the students if language is used both at home and at school. This will give an opportunity to strengthen their language skills. The parent’s attitude towards the mother tongue will identify the attitudes of the children. The development of mother tongue requires solidarity of the family and the school. Therefore mother tongue education given at school should be supported by families. This research includes students that are at the age of 4 to 11 who are living in the state of Victoria, Australia. We tried to identify the percentage of language usage of both English and Turkish as well as the effects of the families’ on their children’s mother tongue acquisition. This research that was based on qualitative research firstly gathered data from primary school students and secondly, the data was analysed using descriptive and content analysis methods. With the intention of obtaining sufficient interpertation, the explanation stage of the data analysis which is supported with graphs and tables was given extra attention in order to identify the relation of reason and conclusion found between datas. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17941 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17941 Yakup POYRAZ Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi (Mawlana Jalal ad-Din Rumi) is a thirteenth century Anatolian mystic poet and sufi philosopher known not only in our country but also throughout the world for his exquisite poems and words of wisdom. In Mevlana’s thought, analysis of love of God, in other words, 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17797 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17797 Oğuzhan SEVİM The aim of this research is to examine effects of interdisciplinary material development process in terms of pre-service Turkish teachers' instructional design achievement, metacognitive awareness and opinions to the learning process. In accordance with this aim, it was used control group pretest-posttest quasi experimental design. Research were conducted with participation that 85 second class students taking the Instructional Technology and Material Development Course (ITMD) in the Department of Turkish Education and 52 second class students taking Instructional Design Course in the Computer and Instructional Technologies Department (CITD) in the spring semester 2013-2014 at Faculty of Kazım Karabekir Education. A total of 137 preservice theachers participated in the study. The research data were collected by Instructional Design Achievement Test, Metacognitive Awareness Inventory and Survey Form for the Learning Process. The quantitative data collection instruments were applied in both experimental group and control group before and after the experimental process. In the current study, SPSS 18.0 was used for the quantitative analysis. More specifically, the data analysis was conducted using the independent samples t-test and the paired samples t-test. Content analysis was used during the qualitative phase. In the process of experimental application with 11 weeks, experimantal group was taught by interdisciplinary material development activities whereas control group was taught by the activities in the existing curriculum. At the end of the study, it was indicated no significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of instructional design but a significant difference was found between experimental and control groups in terms of metacognitive awareness. Additionally, the qualitative data obtained by Survey Form for the Learning Process supported the quantitative findings. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17778 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17778 Selim SOMUNCU This article includes an evaluation about literary arguments such as “The Third World Literature” and “National Allegory” developed by some orientalist culture people having a West-centered working style. In this context, through political extent of some basic western literary texts and West-centered literature awards it examines the objectivity level of literature perception of Western civilization in which these arguments are developed. In this sense the article discusses what these arguments are developed for and whether they have equivalents in Turkish novel or not. The purpose of this paper is not to make generalizations about the entire “The Third World” but just to make an observation about accuracy of point views including Turkish literature into The Third Word Literature directly or indirectly. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17769 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17769 Fatih SONA Flower book are the Works which provide information about flowers and people who raise flowers. In these Works, we can get information about Otoman flower culture. The love of flower was widespread passion in Otoman life. Flowers were not a commercial thing, but a matter of heart. The people who raise flowers gained reputation for the names of their flowers. One of these flowers is tulip. The tulip is the name of oniony and herbaceous plant. His flowers are on stamp and it can be red, yellow and white. The interest in tulip increase remarkably. As the interest in tulip in İstanbul increased, tulips seeds were brought to that city from different places of the empire and the other countries. Tulips were brought to İstanbul even from the island of Crete. One of those who are keen on flowers is Fenni Mehmed Celebi. According to some sources, Mehmed Fenni died in 1708; according to some other sources he died in 1715. He was buried in Kayalar graveyard in Rumelihisar. One of Mehmed Fenni’s works is a sukufename named Tuhfetu’l-Ihvan. In addition to this work, the poet is a good flower cultivator. The poet started to write this work with İbrahim Hanzade Mehmed Bey’s support and he wrote a book about tulips. In this work, the poet prowides information about some flowers in that terms. The tulip and especially the Crete tulip was so valuable. We can find the names of the people who raised tulip in the book. Some of these are Mehmed Bey, Rüştü Efendi, Habib Bey, Himmet Efendi, Hacı Ahmet, Yıldız Celebi. Besides we can find the names of some tulips in the work. Some of these are bi-manend, semen-sima, müsellem-i âlem, mihr-i münir, la’l-i bedahşan, muluki and nâdir. In this articles, Fenni Mehmed’s work Tuhfetu’l-Ihvan was studied and then the critical text is given. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17832 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17832 Yiğit SÜMBÜL Despite his short literary career of seven years, Oğuz Atay has managed to place himself among the forerunners of modernist and post-modernist Turkish novel with his mastery of Turkish language and groundbreaking style which was unfamiliar to the Turkish readership in the second half of the 20th century. Highly influenced by such Western modernist authors as Joyce, Proust, Nabokov and Dostoevsky, Atay reflects the experiences of contemporary Turkish intellectuals such as ‘nothingness’, inbetweenness, search for the meaning of existence and disconnectedness from society in the chaotic social and political atmosphere of his time. Atay’s intellectuals revolt against traditional social and political institutions and their people’s blindness to their nation’s underdevelopment in the global sense with feelings of responsibility and guilt. Among the social institutions Atay criticizes, traditional institutions of family and marriage come to the fore. Atay views these social obligations as burdens on the intellectual men’s shoulders which blunt their potentials as the saviours of the nation. In this respect, Atay’s intellectual characters have to isolate themselves from familial and marital concerns to achieve the virtue of ‘disconnectedness’. In Atay’s major works, it is clearly seen that each intellectual character declares an open war against their families for the sake of achieving greater goals. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17982 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17982 Erdal ŞAHİN An idiom is a group of words (at least two words) having a meaning not deducible from those of the i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17891 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17891 İbrahim TOSUN, Ali KOÇ Sentence in the language known as judicial units in terms of the location of the item is founded as discrete from language to language, they are similar in terms of the elements of these organizations. Therefore, each of the sentences in the language definition, functions and duties are the same. Due to this fact and sentence classification criteria taken into account in the analysis can be applied to sentences in all languages is becoming a universal character. In the language of this general, universal properties of specific methods of sentence analysis has led to the emergence and of theoretical. Noam Chomsky's “Manufacturer Transformational Grammar Theory” of sentences and other grammatical categories are similar in all languages of the property, is based on universality. Many studies have been made on the topic sentence in Turkish so far. Although a substantial part of these studies is related to the types of sentence and syntactic order of sentence, some of them handle general grammar of Turkish and give place to the sentence. Despite the multitude of studies, all aspects of the subject in Turkish sentence have not been clarified yet. Especially sentences in terms of structure and on terms that form this area have not provided a complete unity. The most controversial issues of this area are the status of the subordinate clause installed with verbals, simple and compound sentences, sequential sentence and top units of sentences. Taking into account the differences of opinion that is stil ongoing in these issues, in this study, the sentences in terms of structure on the basis of what has been said until now, a collective assessment about sentence structure has been studied. Despite opposing views and conflicting statements, widely accepted ideas on the issue are brought to the forefront, the more frequently used terms are based on. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17881 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17881 Muhittin TURAN Sufism spread in Anatolia since written works have been taken in this regard. Persians, Arabs and Turks in the basin in which they live from each other which is superior to another aspect of these works have described the concept of Unity. In the works of Persian literature from the first one that comes to mind in this regard Feridüddin-i Attar is Mantıku't-Tayrun. The extent of aqueous demand Seyer, love, virtue, to istiğn, amalgamate, amazed and valleys as bad verses symbolizing the work of Attar 4725, and in subsequent periods both in its own era has found popular. Attar Mantıku't-Tayrun have been translated by the Turkish poet, re-adapting the story is written in. However, in the circle of Islamic culture, religious and mystical nature of a large part of which the Arabic, Persian and Turkish so many commentaries were written. This is one of the works from the 16th century Şem'î explicit Commentary penned by Şem'ullah-i is Mantıku't-Tayrun. According to our findings in Turkish literature is the first and only Mantıku't-Thai Şem'î Şem'ullah' his commentary is commentary. Sharh-i-Mantıku't this aspect of Thai Turkish literature was seen as a remarkable work. Şem'î'n the host in the body with all the cultural elements that make this work, is of great importance in terms of language and literature. In this way, the transfer of the reader likely to experience difficulties in access to resources has prevented. The purpose of this study, the famous Persian poet Attar Mantıku't Feridüddin-i-Thai named Şem'î Şem'ullah of the work of the 16th century, which is made by explicit Commentary-i-thai Mantıku't introduction of annotation will be named. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17805 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17805 Ali TÜRKEL, Behsat SAVAŞ , H. Sebile SAVAŞÇI Maternal language education aims to develop four main linguistic skills. And it has an important place in the process of socializing and i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17849 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17849 Melike ULUÇAY Each language has a unique word property including fundamental vocabulary knowledge, idioms, proverbs and clichéd expressions. Word property is one of the most important criterions which show and develop the richness of a language, the cultural accumulation of a nation which uses the language and the power of that nation’s intellectual world. As the language is the main element of literature, words and phrases forming word property are from the smallest units of meaning. Poets and authors creating literature works both help transfer word property and enrich a language’s word property with their use of expressions in their works. This study was conducted to determine the word property of Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca who is one of the most prolific poets of Turkish literature and adores his life to write poems with only the word property and syntagm of Turkish language after 1953. Therefore, firstly all poems in the Independence War Series written in an epic style of Turkish War of Independence which were chosen as sampling were transferred into computer. Then, a common group comprising the elements of word property was generated by using the Simple Concordance Program version 4.07 which enables to order words according to their frequencies and conduct frequency statistics. After then words, proper names, handiadyoins, idioms and proverbs in that group were determined one by one. In the presentation of quantitative data related to the word property, the relations among the most frequently used elements of the word property and the works’ genres and contents were discussed. As a result, an evaluation was made according to the frequencies of vocabularies and concepts in the vocabulary list and the poet’s literary style. Lastly, the words created by the poet and contributing to the word property of Turkish language were determined. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17831 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17831 Ahmet USLU The art of story is a form of narrative that is not independent from its creator, namely the narrator, and created within the theme fictionalized by its narrator. When the work is created, it is the reader’s turn to interpret and give meaning to it. The reader’s duty is to reinterpret, transform the structures in the text and themes as well as unveiling the meaning connections between those. Semiology derived from Ancient Greek word semeion meaning sign and logos meaning science is known as science of signs in Turkish. Two people should be mentioned as founders of Semiology. These are Charles Sanders Peirce and Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. Saying “Although the universe is not entirely made up of signs, it overflows with signs”, Peirce expresses that all objects can be subject of Semiology. The story of Ferid Edgü, “Bir Gemide”, was published in 1978. The text analysis method proposed by Greimas for semiological analysis was utilized in this story. A.J. Greimas argues that an incident starting the story and an element transforming the initial status are required for creating the narrative. During the analysis, semiology aims at clarifying the deep structure of the text through its surface structure. Within this analysis, some instruments are applied in order to reach at the meaning universe of the text. "Actants Model" of Greimas is based on the Principle of Opposites. It is widely acknowledged that this method is highly significant in story analysis and application of deep structure of text. After the segments in the story were determined, they were analyzed in terms of discourse and semantic levels. It is appreciated that this paper will shed light on successive researches. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17912 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17912 Mehmet ÜNAL The Holy Koran is one of the most significant sources of Persian Literature as it is in the Classical Turkish Literature. A lot of both Turkish and Persian poets quoted from the Holy Koran in their works and they conveyed their message more affectively to their readers by this way. One of these poets is Molla Muhammed b. Suleyman Bagdadi whose pen name is Fuzuli and who wrote both Turkish and Persian poems and is one of the most prominent representatives of 16th century Persian and Turkish literature. Poetry is an art of words and Fuzuli is a master of words. Love lies in his temperament. He made use of the vastness of the Holy Koran in all his works. He either quoted the verses of Koran or arranged them with little changes in nearly all his works and he sometimes wrote his poems basing on the Quranic verses. Most of Turkish and Persian diwans were deeply affected by the verses of Koran. Learning the words of God is more virtious than learning other sciences. Therefore, all the Muslim nations are specially interested in God’s Book and accept it as the beginning of humanity and all sciences. Persian poets and authors formed the basis of their future-works by learning and memorizing the Holy Koran and shaped their thoughts. For this reason, throughout their literary lives they tried to spiritualize their poems by staying loyal to moral values and notions of the Holy Koran. In this article, we explained the couplets that were chosen from Fuzuli’s Persian Diwan that was published by Hasibe Mazıoglu in 1962. We also emphasized how the poet made use of the Holy Koran by choosing the verses that are suitable for the meaning of the couplets. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18024 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18024 Ünal ZAL The collapse of Soviet Union brought about political, economic, social and cultural interests and convergence towards Turkic countries. One of the ways of having cultural integrity among the Turkic societies separated from each other for a long time because of political and social reasons is to have knowledge about and to transfer science, culture and art mutually. Today, using scriptures and different written languages, which occurred because of historical and political reasons, is a significant obstacle in having cultural unity that mentioned before. One of the ways of overcoming this obstacle is to transfer scientific, cultural works as well as artwork. When we consider the works that have been transferred so far, it is clear that transfer between dialects is not as easy as it looks and has some specific problems. In order to overcome this problem, a lot of scientists who work in this field have offered different solutions. We, also, find in our various studies that different indicators have been used in Turkic languages to express meanings such as agitation, encouragement, recommendation, suggestion, warning, admonition, invocation, enforcement, order, request, desire. The expressions of request include the meanings of subjunctive, permission and expectation of the expressions for hope, desire, wish at the same time (Johanson 2009). In this paper, the structures which express only optative mood –mAkçI,–mAkçIdIr,- mAkçI bol- and –AsI gel- in Turkmen Turkish are studied in terms of how, and in which forms they are used as well as which meanings they refer to. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18032 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=18032 Mehmet GÜRLEK The dictionaries gathering the vocabulary of a language with a particular order are written to define the meanings of the words. On that sense the dictionaries have different types such as common dictionaries, customized dictionaries, monolingual and bilingual/ multilingual dictionaries. The lexicography in Turks began with “Dîvânü Lügati’t-Türk” written by Kaşgarlı Mahmud. With the reforms of Ottomon Empire, acceleration in Turkish Lexicography could be seen. Until “Lehçe-i Osmanî” was written by Ahmed Vefik Paşa, no other dictionaries, in which Turkish words are used as lexical entries, were encountered. Many Turkish dictionaries were written until today originating from the works of Ahmed Vefik Paşa. Among these works, Kamus-ı Türkî, written by Şemseddin Sami, ignores the principles of modern lexicography except the “Turkish Dictionary” and “Meydan Larousse” prepared by Turkish Language Society with an almost seventy – two- year experience. When Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, which is a product of more than three decades’ hard work from 1972 to 2005, is assessed from different perspectives, it will be clear that it is the most excellent dictionary of Turkish language until today. In the entry section of the work, basic concepts were defined and some dictionaries were introduced which were cornerstones in Turkish Lexicography. The evaluation section begins with a short presentation of Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük and the dictionary is assessed with twenty headings with a content of how to choose and prepare a scientific, well based dictionary. In this assessment, sample entries were chosen partly and shown as charts related with the topic. In conclusion part, it is explained that from which aspects this dictionary break grounds in Turkish Lexicography. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17970 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17970 Ali ÇELİK 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17838 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=17838 Bilge KARGA 2026-07-16