Turkish Studies - International, Year 2014 Issue Volume 9 Issue 6

İsmail YILDIRIM'ın Özgeçmişi

Mehmet KÖÇER — 2024-08-29

The Assessment Of Turkısh Class Books For Foreıgners By The Instructors In Turkısh Teachıng Centers

Mesut GÜN, Ahmet AKKAYA , Ömer Tuğrul KARA — 2024-08-29

In this study it is assessed which books the instructors working in Turkish teaching centers prefer forteaching Turkish to foreigners what the objectives, qualifications and functions of the books are. The work-group of the research is made up 10 instructors working in TÖMER centers in Adana Bilim ve Teknoloji, Çukurova ve Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Universities. In the study, the data was obtained with a half-structured interview form prepared by the researchers. The prepared half-structured interview form was re-designed after taking the opinion of three experts who are volunteer and charged on Turkish teaching to foreigners. Subsequently, 10 instructors lecturing in the mentioned-universities were interviewed. The interviews were classified and content-analysis of the data was analyzed. The information gained from the conversations were identified and commented according to the codes revealed. In this stage, the data was proofread by the researcher and temporary codes were made in accordance with the researcher’s concern. The similar responses were collected under a common code. Sample quotations were illustrated in order to explain the common codes better. In the study, there are some propositions and criticism about the functionality, content and design of the books the instructors use for teaching Turkish to foreigners. From these some propositions and criticism, it is understood that the course-books used for teaching Turkish to foreigners should be updated and improved in terms of their functionality, content and design. Besides, in the study, there are some assessment about the effective usage of the books prepared for teaching Turkish to the foreigners under new innovations and scientific studies, the better-design of the books so that the students could learn better and updating of the books according to the propositions and criticism under the comments regarding with the effectiveness of the course-books by considering the current educational problems.

Term Of Geographical Formations In Divanü Lûgat-It-Türk

Özlem AKBULAK — 2024-08-29

Vocabulary studies have an important role in the process of studying, analyzing any language. These studies are crucial for observing historical changes and developments of works and useful for obtaining comprehensive knowledge on a variety of issues such as culture, history, geography, economic and social structure of societies speaking that particular language. The very first written works of a language function as a guide in vocabulary studies since they cast a light on dark ages and lead the way to the present time. This study focuses on terms used for geographical formations on Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk which is one of the essential resources of Turkish language. Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk, the first dictionary in Turkish Language, is an invaluable guide on several subjects such as Turkish language, culture and history and used as reference by researchers of different disciplines. As an encyclopedic dictionary, the work becomes even more important since it respects Turkish vocabulary before and on the eleventh century. This work of rich language material was translated by Besim Atalay (1943) and the index section of the translation lists 8783 vocabulary entries. The work has been discussed and reviewed in several aspects since the date of its translation. This article focuses on vocabulary entries on this work which are about geographical formations. The study started by scanning terms of geographical formations and it is discovered that there are 47 terms. These terms are provided with their meanings on the work and additional information, if any. These terms were analyzed etymologically and their stance in the historical background has been established. Finally, the terms studied were compared in terms of use in Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk and Turkish language spoken Turkey.

Darling In The Classic Poem Of The 18th Century Anatolian And Turkmen "eg. Kânî-Mahtumkulu"

Atıf AKGÜN — 2024-08-29

XVIII. century, the Turkish tribes evolved in different geographies of literature is one of the century. Depending on the field of Anatolia in the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia and the Balkans whilst covering their assets to a literary environment, rich in the same century Chagatai Turks of Central Asia for centuries to lose the effect of Literature. Remaining in Central Asia, which is a branch of the Oghuz Turkmen national literature of this century is a period that begins to form. XVIII. century, Turkmen and Iranian experiencing combat, the absence of unity and solidarity among Turkmens is a period and in the field of Anatolia during this period is the period of the Ottoman Empire began to decline. Despite the negative statements in the political sphere XVIII. century classic poem is a period where it is strongest in Turkish areas. Nedim, Osmanzâde Tâib, Kâmi, Nahifî, Fıtnat, Neş’et, Sülbülzâde Vehbi, Kânî, Şeyh Gâlip, Enderunlu Fâzıl in Anatolia; Haydargulı Türkmen, Nurmuhammed Andalıp, Devletmemed Âzadı, Şeydâyı, Şâbende, Mahtumkulu in the field of Türkmen; Hüveyda, Nişâtiy, Andelib, Revnak, Râkım, Uzlet, Gaziy, Gülhaniye in the field of Uzbek and so on. developing classical poetry with classical figures by region, reflecting local elements has existed. Turkish sites and other cultural differences, despite the distance between the classic poem jointly developed around this joint between Turkish literary aesthetics reflect and contain some social and cultural unity is notable. In our study, XVIII. century Anatolian and Turkmen poet of the two major Kânî and Mahtumkulu darling's specifications are discussed in the poem. And Anatolian and Turkmen classical poem are evaluated with a comparative approach under the terms of XVIII. century.

Upon The Valley Of The Wolves-Epic Relationship

Erol AKSOY — 2024-08-29

Due to the requirements of genesis human is obliged to needs and a being who can’t live without satisfy his needs. Eating, drinking, sleeping, listening, sight, listening, listening, talking, laughing are some of them. Like all the other necessities description, listening and belief necessities are existed in every place and everytime. Human being have always resorted to various actions by different ways and means according to eras to satisfy this needs. In coherence to this study, a kind of folk literatüre known as epics or sagas are thought to meet the needs of humans and this literate kind being in the midst of an “secondary oral culture” which is an event roused and brought about again by means of technological communication and by thoroughly examining and analizing the Valley of the Wolves series the common point between traditional and contemporary values have been interpreted in the light of various sociological data readings. In this way, according to the data recieved and the assesments made, inside the Valley of the Wolves series many elements and motifs, that should not be under valued, belonging to epics can be pointed out. So, it is seen that the tv series’ –Kurtlar Vadisi- modern epic which build on epic tradition, and adapted to our era’s interests, requests and expectations; and the traditional archetype’s features represantative Polat Alemdar is the ideal human model namely alpine-type who existed with his hugeness. In this study, this series film-epic element and motif relationship has been investigated, this situation’s reasons and results have been connected to the intense interest towards the series and has been rated with a various perspective.

Phonetic Peculiarities Of The Pair Words In The Azerbaijani Language

Mehriban ALİZADE — 2024-08-29

Phonetic harmony in pair words is one of the main features. Usually pair words are formed by the joining of words that are consonant to each other. Such consonance both lends them intonation expressiveness and causes lexical-semantic joining of their components and contributes their long existence in the language. Phonetic description of the pair words in the Azerbaijani language is connected with consonance of the components, symmetry of their syllables, rhyme of their components etc. Most of the pair words in the Azerbaijani language is accompanied by alliteration, that is the repetition of identical or similar consonants, normally at the beginning of words. Alliteration deals with consonant sounds. The vowel –sound equivalent is assonance, the repetition of vowel sounds. Consonance is characterized by the repetition of the same consonants. It shouldn’t be confused with assonance, which is the repetition of vowel sounds. There is both internal and external alliteration between components that supports their stable connection with the other units. In pair words the end sounds of components or end syllables are usually rhymed. The rhyme of these units doesn’t depend on sound composition of components. It is connected with the peculiarities of the language, its agglutinative nature and can be formed as a result of addition of similar morphological elements to similar roots. Sometimes common articulation peculiarities of consonants makes it possible to function as rhyme and as a result outward sound harmony forms in the components. In the Azerbaijani language the sound harmony of pair words is connected with number and kinds of syllables in the components. Thus most pair words consist of the components that consist of the same number and similar syllables.

Criticism Of The Old And The New From Namik Kemal To Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar

Kadir ALPER — 2024-08-29

The Ottoman government, specifically with the reign of Selim III, initiated a period of restoration and modernization in many fields through the use of the science and technology in the West. Though this efforts seemed to heal some problems in short term, they weren’t able to terminate the currents of social aspirations, which led to the doorstep of Tanzimat, the reformation programme. With its announcement in 1839, the Ottoman s declared its irreversible will on its direction toward the West. This tendency on the whole social classes was reflected either as a will to change or a resistance against the same will. Sociological experience proves the change cannot occur right now from today. When the past with its worn-out habits faces the new or the present, they are bound to go into a conflict, which is mostly experienced in literary areas. From Namık Kemal to Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, pioneering names of Turkish literature, they went into ongoing clashes with their arguments on the new and old. This study aims to review criticize those arguments on Turkish culture and literature held both in thought and action within the afore-mentioned relocation of axis. These arguments would certainly create its own particular end. Another issue addressed in the article was whether the conflict around the old and the new was something needed or not and what position a critic is to hold about the subject matter.

The Traces of Existentialism on the Works of Rasim Özdenören

Mustafa AYDEMİR — 2024-08-29

Although the fields of Literature and philosophy are different, they have been mostly in interaction during their historical developments. Especially after 1950’s it was noticed that the existentialism philosophy became widespread in novel, story and poem in Turkish Literature. This movement which became widespread in an era when modernist trends were widespread has caused significant changes in both the characters of the literary texts and in the themes used. Existentialism which depicts the man who lost connection with his past and became alienated to himself and the society, unhappy and restless has tried to assert the fact that the i

Self Construction ib The Privacy Area: Generic Characteristics and Historical Developments of Diaries

Nesrin AYDIN SATAR — 2024-08-29

Some researchers state diaries are not completely composed of the authors’ private notes for pouring their thoughts out in such a private area. According to this assertion, besides the genre’s being personal, author’s relational network that he set between both his own background, environment and public area affect the writing of diary. Therefore, this genre can be the material of political and sociological studies beside psychological and literary researches. The fact that the author is not isolated from environmental conditions and his background creates a permeable situation during the writing of diary. This situation bring together the public self that tries to comply with what is “normal” and the private self that emerges suddenly between the lines. This research deals with the importance of the genre of diary, why it was ignored, where it stands by comparison with the genres of authobiography and journal. Moreover, it investigates the example usages of the researches on diaries as the main materials for political, psychological, sociological, and historical studies. Besides, it mentions how the genre is used for probing into the authors’ multi-selves, what sort of importance the new selves that the authors set through their diaries have in political and psychological studies. Thus, it manifests that the diaries create a suitable and quality field for literary and interdisciplinary studies.

From Epic Narration To Tale A Sample To Serious Transformation Of Main Texts: Bey Böyrek

Mehmet Emin BARS — 2024-08-29

Oral culture feeds written culture. When looked the people who left lasting works, it is understood that they benefit from tradition. These artists took as a subject oral culture works that related to tradition in their works, they handed down these works next generations. Oral texts are not frozen, invariable texts which tell only a term. Oral art texts enter an evolution without breaking up their relationships with texts which consisted previously. On one hand, oral texts interact with each other in matter and manner. On the other hand, the texts which have writers have impression on oral texts. A text that transmits another text and takes as a model that fiction, character and conflict there by regenerating enriches the text. Thus, connotation power of text increases, it reaches all-signifance ground that extends other texts. Inferior text is a text that is transmission of main text. This concept demonstrates the presence of other texts behind a text. Inferior text is a previous text. However, main text is a text that is produced from previous text during transformation process. The derivation process occurs as a simple transformation or indirect transformation. When main text is a read with inferior text in terms of various relations, its meaning becomes more understandable. Main text is related to past, this situation adds new meanings to the text. The reader attemps to game-like reading with main text. There are transformations that are carried out for entertaining and satire and also there are large-sized and serious transformations. Serious transformations are one of the main text structures that are applied large-sized works and covers a lot of transformation methods. In this work, many serious transformations are analysed in Bey Böyrek narration. By the reason of analyse, it is understood that main text Bey Böyrek narration is a form of inferior text Bamsı Beyrek narration which is seriously transformed and closed up to prose much more.

Child’s Point of View as a Narrative Technique

Hulya BAYRAK AKYILDIZ — 2024-08-29

This article leans over the technical differences of novels and short stories narrated by child’s point of view and tries to point our the differences in use of language, goal of writer while using child’s point of view and functionality of this use. In texts where child’s point of view is used, the use of language leads to a double layered structure of meaning. The difference between the language child uses and perceives and that of adult reader, leads child narrator, writer and adult reader to be face to face with different codes. This very fact has an impact on both the fictive structure and relations between text and reader. In the article, it is shown that there is a common thematical ve structural pattern in the texts narrated by child’s point of view, through references to both Turkish and World Literature. These texts have common features in terms of composition of novel characters, issues that are treated, social criticism, narrative techniques that are used, writer’s attitude and other features related to this. These texts also have different types of relations with reader as they lean on relatively delicate issues using child’s point of view. In order to exlude the sides of the issue at minimum, child’s point of view is used to lean on issues such as racism, class discrimination, political and social freedom, freedom of speech. Writer wants reader to wear off their biases making them encounter this actor who is relatively easy to sympatize with. Along with the change of child’s position in society, chilg in literature also change and evolve to an ctore rather than a witness. No matter how impartial it is, a story narrated by this point of view, would be questioning the adult world. Thus, child’s point of view in literature is designed to have a transformative effect.

Dictation And Teaching Turkish As A Foreign Language

Bayram BOZKURT, Ferdi BÜLBÜL , Hakan DEMİR — 2024-08-29

The importance of teaching Turkish as a foreign language is increasing each day. In order to support teaching of Turkish and improve linguistic skills both method, course books and scientific studies are progressing quickly. Linguistic skills can be summed up as fully and correctly understanding what i

Using Concept Mapping Technique In Teaching Turkish As A Foreign Language

Ferdi Bülbül — 2024-08-29

Student’s understanding and making sense of things reading and seeing outside the classroom is the primary objectives of education. Students who come across with information constantly are supposed to organize, categorize according to importance and use if required these informations, however in case teaching, learning strategies are not used, it is impossible to reach these goals. When the study of teaching methods are discussed, strategies, methods and technical concepts are thought. Strategy is the general approach that enables to the objectives of the course; method is a way followed in the processing of a unit or subject. Techniques is defined as the skills, process or way selected with a view to increase the effectiveness of teaching. Meaningful learning is essential in expository teaching strategies developed by Ausubel. New informations to be learned and concepts should be associated with previous knowledge and concepts, and these concepts presenting unity within itself should be listed from general to specific. Otherwise, there will be no meaningful learning. In this strategy, the front ones are used and thrown light on the relationships between concepts by drawing the attention of students to the new subject. Concept maps are schemas which show relations between concepts and used for organizing aforementioned informations. In this study, concept mapping is being introduced and includes strategies and in-class practices aimed at usage of this technique in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Considering that concept maps enhance the teaching efficiency, this study is expected to be a helpful hint for those who work in the field of teaching Turkish as a second language in particular, and language teachers in general.

Content Creation for Turkish Literature Courses within the Scope Of Mobile Learning

Nazlı CİHAN, Nur NACAR,LOGIE , Vakur ÇİFÇİLİ , Alaskar ÖZPERÇİN — 2024-08-29

This study of interdisciplinary research involves the preparation of several selected topics from the Turkish Language and Literature course in secondary schools, prepared by the Ministry of National Education and the Board of Education, whereby the computer assisted 2D and 3D animation and cinematography techniques with the support of visual and audio elements are used. Future samples will be integrated into the interactive whiteboard and tablet computers and the other mobile devices compatible with the technological materials. One of the aims of the Project conducted by the Ministry of Education, and many other stakeholders, is to contribute to the content pool of Fatih Project and other courses to strengthen the co-operation with the Ministry. Fatih Project of the Ministry of National Education is currently in progress in110 schools with the sixth and ninth grade students. The number of tablets distributed reaches up to a hundred thousand, while the number of interactive whiteboards has exceeded over 100.000. This project is intended to contribute largely to the integration of our country's education system with technology like the Fatih Project. The technological infrastructure to be created will be applicable to all mobile learning content created with this technology. This research, with the support of different methods and techniques, has the features of being an example module for a probable future education environment and course content, which also makes the study unique.

Catalogs on Ali Shir Nevai’s Works And Studies in China

Osman CÜME — 2024-08-29

Ali Shir Nevai is most important poet who have affected on later poets and writers in Turkish literature. Many of Ali Shir Nevai’s works were published in Turkey, Uzbekistan, Russia, studied the works of Nevai from language, literature, history, folklore from middle of 20th century and provided references for scholars, From middle of 20th century books, journals about Nevai come in Uyghurs so that promoted research of Nevai studies in Uyghurs, China. In this paper author will introduce collection, conservation, publishing, Studies in China.

An Exploration Regarding To the Epitaph of the Meiktila Turkish Cemetery in Myanmar

Ömer ÇAKIR — 2024-08-29

Ottoman army had fought on many fronts in World War I (1914-1918). During the war, more than two hundred thousand soldiers from the Ottoman army have been captured bythe French or British soldiers on various fronts. Among these, some of them who were captured by the British were taken to Far East, India and today with the name Myanmar. The captives were kept in a few prisoner camps in Myanmar. The ones who died in captivity in these camps were buried in a place which was created near the camp. Today, there are two Turkish Cemeteries in Myanmar. These subject matter cemeteries were constructed by the Ottoman soldiers who were in those camps in those days and surrounded by the walls. Indeed, an epitaph was placed in the entrance of the Turkish cemetery in Meiktila as well. Over time, especially during the World War II, this cemetery was highly destroyed, tombstones were removed, and the epitaph in the entrance was demolished. We have discovered the text of the subject matter epitaph, which is not there today and in a way the identity card of the cemetery,in a journal publishedin 1922 during our researches. In this article we will focus on this six couplet epitaph which was written in prosody and thus share it with the world of science as well.

A Language Homesickness Or Do Not (Unable) To Speak, Reading The Story Of “Eskici” By Refik Halit Karay Within The Context Of Mother Tongue

Selami ÇAKMAKCI — 2024-08-29

Refik Halit Karay is one of the artists who give the most competent samples in story field of 20th Century Turkish Literature. The story “Eskici” which the writer wrote in 1938 when he returned to native country handles the importance that native language holds in human life densely. In the story, are described in emotional old an junk dealer with a child outside of anatolia Turkish talking their enthusiasm. Even if the story “Eskici” is seen as a native country longing of a man who came down to abroad, in the background, it stresses the indispensability of native language on human life. In this story that contains the trace of a native country longing of a man who lived far away from the Anatolian geography for many years, the longing of a boy to his native language and country is told within the context of his dialogue with a junk dealer and it is wanted to be felt with the silence of the boy among foreigners that native language is the most valuable property of human. In the story, it’s also seen that with its functional side, setting sheds light to the answers of many questions. Known as the ”Fountain of Turkish”, Refik Halit Karay uses the language masterfully while he is expressing a reality belonging to human with the help of art. This success ensures him being read for years. The protagonist of the story is not the junk dealer who gave the story his name but the orphan Hasan. It’s seen in this story that native language is an indispensable source of life for human. It’s doubtless that in order to relish his own language, every person whose native language is Turkish and who has the conscious of Turkish need to read this story. Therefore, the language, which is the human existence condition, is also the main condition of human’s continuing his life.

Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil And Turkish Folk Culture

Levent Ali ÇANAKLI — 2024-08-29

Of the authors of Servet-i Fünun, Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil was an artist who produced works in many types such as novel, story, theater, memoir and itinerary. The literary approach of the society which he was affiliated with, the style and the environment which he used in his novels which made him famous led to the occurrence of a thought that along with other followers of Servet-i Fünun, Halit Ziya was also a stranger to the public and social issues. However, a judgment to be made about an artist should not be limited to his works belonging to a certain period. His works should be examined as a whole, his language and understanding changing from one period to another should be determined and a judgment should be reached after obtaining all the data from his works related to society. In this study, we started from the fact that since not any artist mentioned to be a stranger to the public and life can isolate himself more or less from the cultural heritage he owns, the status of Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil in front of social life was evaluated only in terms of the relationship which he had with the folk culture. The material related to the folk culture seen in the author's works was organized under the headings of folk songs, theatrical play, folk beliefs, effects of folk culture on the use of language and rites of passage. The necessity of discussing some thoughts of Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, who had not remained a stranger to such important elements of our cultural richness as folk medicine, clothing, eating habits, name-giving, domestic order and neighborhood life at all, on folk culture and the richness of folkloric material in his books made it necessary to keep this material only on the level of example and discussion.

Turkish as a Foreign Langauge Course: From Exchange Students' Perspectives

Seyit Ahmet ÇAPAN, Ufuk AKDEMİR — 2024-08-29

Cultural exchange programs form a good platform for the recent but strong objective of promoting mobility among people of different cultures. As learning the language of the host country is a vital component of familiarization with the target culture, language courses offered in these programs play a major role in facilitating participants’ lives during their stay in the host country. Hence, the present study intends to investigate perceptions about the effectiveness and relevance of a Turkish as a Foreign Language course in helping participants of such a program to sustain their life in the host country. To that end, a mixed-type research method is adopted in the study. Apart from structured interviews, a questionnaire comprising 18 items has been used to collect learners’ views about the Turkish language course. Participants in this study who were selected through convenience sampling were 25 international undergradute students visiting Turkey within the Erasmus Exchange Program. While the quantitative data were analyzed through SPSS, interview transcriptions were exposed to content analysis. The results indicate that despite the participants’ positive views about the effectiveness of the content and procedures of the course, there are still concerns regarding the relevance of the course to successfully handle challenges of social life in the target culture. Finally, the study hints about how to improve such language courses based on the participants suggesstions including focusing more on productive skills, providing contact with native speakers of the target language and using multimodal tools for delivery of the course content.

Pertaining To Suat Dervis And Fatma’nin Günahi

Serdar DEMİRCAN — 2024-08-29

Examination of literary works has an important function in the elucidation of these products remaining aspects in the dark. İn this way the author is discussed from the perspective of her lifetime, ideology, the peopl ad the styles she was affected in the various ways, understanding the art. As a result the dominance to the demonstrated work increases further. One of the prolific authors of our literature Suat Derviş, who has an important place among the social realist authors with her literary works and other activities, has not been examined sufficiently with her written works, so far. İn the thesis studies, in a few articles and also in the lastest “Women Writers Symposium: Suat Derviş” organized by Yeni Yüzyıl Üniversity in 2013, the author’s works have not been addressed in a coherent way. Undoubtedly, as Derviş panned her works with Ottoman alphabet because of period she was living has the effect of some of her works not being translated into modern Turkish, yet. İn addition, for various reasons because Suat Derviş published some products under the pen name made it difficult for hte researchers at the point of detection of these works. Fatma’nın Günahı, İn which the author put a hero, named Fatma, in the centre and psychologicial analysis that appeared frequently is one of the novels which has not been subjected to review. İn this study to remedly the deficiencies primarily the life of Suat Derviş and her understanding of art have been discussed briefly and then the novel has been studies under the headings of abstract, structure (plot, people, time, space), theme, language and expression, perspective.

With /g/ palatal /ŋ/ and it’s at Ardahan domestic dialect upon decomposition

Ümit Özgür DEMİRCİ — 2024-08-29

Runic letters in text H and F format tehere is two palatal /n/. In our country, with a very common naming H format nasal /n/. However, not only these sounds, our language /n/, /m/, /?/, / ñ/ etc. nasal sounds like all is sound. All of the nasal articulation is. So instead of naming common but it is missing this sounds exactly done a naming meets both of these voices to provide the exact phonetic values as well as the two palate Köktürkçe /n/ separation from each other is also important. Therefore, in our study H mark in the form of audio g’li palate /n/, F marked sound is also marked in capital palate /ñ/ we said. In these sounds are different from each other for separating transcription H still marked in the sound /?/ as, F also marked in the sound /ñ/ has been emphasized that the form should be displayed. In addition, this two-palate /n/ sounds should also polish a variety of historic and contemporary dialects are known to fluctuate. In particular with g palate /n/, since these fluctuations are more frequent. The runic text of the letter from the /?/ sound /g/ and /n/ sound is known to fluctuate. Ever written on this subject in books and articles, these fluctuations phonetic change, morphological events, such as property or in oral spelling issues are evaluated. In our study, the assessments made so far on this issue, after giving the causes of volatility is discussed. Again, in our study, this Ardahan native accent sound /ng/ dissolved form has been detected in the compilation I made in the region. Examples are given in this dissolution.

A Subtle Crtique Of Westernization by Şinasi Hisar: Ali Nizami Bey’in Alafrangalığı ve Şeyhliği

Serhat DEMİREL — 2024-08-29

One of the popular issue in Turkish novel since Tanzimat years is the Westernization of upper class men. This issue that named as “Bihruz Bey syndrome” by Şerif Mardin in his article, “Excessive Westarnization After Tanzimat” brings a prototype: Western Style dandy. There are many examples to this prototype, like Felatun Bey in Felatun Bey ve Rakım Efendi by Ahmet Mithat Efendi, Meftun Bey in Şıpsevdi by Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar and of course Bihruz Bey in Araba Sevdası by Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem. Also Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar’s novel, Ali Nizami Bey’in Alafrangalığı ve Şeyhliği includes the same problem. As a story, we read a man who likes luxury and comfartable life. During the novel he gets poor for his generous and lost his capitals and becames a Bektaşi sheikh by changing his going on. This novel is completely based on a man’s perception of life and struggle to structure his life in modernitiy-tradition clash. In this article, it is analyzing that how the reader looks Turkish Westernization and how the main character, Ali Nizami Bey shows an example of Westernization. The essential question is what the thesis of this novel: To show a correctly sample with a character who coverted to Islam or to show a tragicomic results of endless ambiguity that has being since Tanzimat? It is studying to find an answer to this problem in this article.

A Comparative Analysis Of James Joyce’s “Eveline” And Murathan Mungan’s “Kordonboyu’nda Ömer Çavuş Kahvesi”

Bahar DERVİŞCEMALOĞLU — 2024-08-29

This paper focuses on the relationship between James Joyce’s short story “Eveline” and Murathan Mungan’s short story “Kordonboyu’nda Ömer Çavuş Kahvesi”. When comparing these two stories it is seen that there are many similarities in terms of theme, style, narrative technique, structure, the storyworlds of the heroines, plot, the use of metaphor and metonymy as indications of gender etc. Both of the stories are written as third person narratives from the point of view of the female protagonists. “Eveline” portrays a young woman who is unable to make a decision between past and future. After contemplating about older memories and remembering of her promise to keep the home together as long as she could before her mother died Eveline decides not to leave so she prefers to stay at home instead of eloping with her fiancé to Buenos Ayres. Similarly, “Kordonboyu’nda Ömer Çavuş Kahvesi” portrays a young woman called Nurhayat who contemplates about her marriage decision. During this contemplation, she remembers her mother’s warning about this early decision of marriage and after feeling something “like love” for someone else, she realizes that her mother is right and that this unknown world is very frightening for her. Both protagonists of the stories prefer the safety of the existing situation rather than the fear of an unknown world. Thus they are unable to move from their existing world and unable to reach the metaphorical dimension so they just remain as the servants of metonymy.

Ibn Hisham’s Linguistic Comments On The Quran Recitations Which Seem Problematic In Terms Of Arabic Grammar

Enes ERDİM — 2024-08-29

Ibn Hisham Abu Muhammad 'Abd Allah Jamaluddin bin Ahmad, one of the recognized linguists in the Arabic language circles, was born and spent most of his life in Cairo, an important science and cultural center of his era. He attended the course cirles of well-known scholars of that era such as Ibn Sarraj, Abu Hayyan and Ibn Jamaa and benefited from them. His fame exceeded his homeland, Egypt and Ibn Khaldun said about him : “When we were in Maghreb we would hear about someone who was said to be better at Syntax (Nahw) than Sibawayh ”. Having more than thirty works, Ibn Hisham’s Sharhu Qatru an-Nadaa wa ballu as-sadaa, Awdhah al-Masalik ila alfiyyat ibn Malik, Mughni al-Labib, and Shuzuuratu az-Zahab have been and still are followed as textbooks especially in science circles. Ibn Hisham, who handled the Syntax (Nahw) issues in a systematic manner in his works, explains in places the expressions that are contrary to the established rules in Quranic recitations explicitly by making use of the accumulations of his predecessors as well. In this study, it is examined how Ibn Hisham explained the following issues; the point which has been brought forward in some circles from time to time in order to cast doubt on the Qur'an's being a revelation that the preposition of interjection in the verses Al-Anaam, 6/27 and en-Naml, 27/25 should not include both letter and verb; the case in Hasan al-Basri's recitation of the verse Muddaththir, 74/6 that the use of present tense verb in the form of jazm (dropping of the last sound) which comes as response to the previous command verb although it does not have the necessary conditions; the pronounciation of the dual form with alif by some recitators including the seven readers of recitation in the verse Taha 20/63 although it has come in the form of nasb’; not omitting the last letter of the present tense verb whose last letter followed by an illat sound (alif, waw, ja) which has come in the position of Jazm in the verse Yousef, 12/9 in the recitation by Kunbul; finally the declension of the number ‘twelve’ in the feminine form as masculine and plural in the verse A'raf, 7/160.

Samples Of Metaphor Formed By The Animal Nouns Together With Organs Or Body Parts In Turkish Vocabulary

Oğuz ERGENE — 2024-08-29

Metaphors, shaped through society’s cultural characteristics and tendency along with increasing the expressive power of language also has provided words to have many connotation. In this event of meaning that shapes differently in any language, by constructing the relation of resemblance, which is a prerequisite for metaphrase, it has occurred that some entities substitute and refer to each within the specifications of shape, color, function and etc. Samples of metaphor that in the Turkish vocabulary has a wide variety in terms of notions that they meet. It is seen that some of these samples are used for kinds of plants, animals, instruments, stuff, diseases, color, food, qualification, situation and etc. and some of these going into details, are used for notions like some species of wheat, bread type, currency, metal or wooden parts, blain, pimple. In this article, it is aimed to determine samples of metaphor formed by the animal nouns together with organs or body parts in Turkish vocabulary. For this purpose, being in the first place the Turkish Dictionary (TDK 2011, DD 2012 et al.) and Compile Dictionary (TDK 1993), relevant resources, studies about dialects of Anatolia and Rumelia, glossaries, online dictionaries are searched. Sampled metaphors that in our study are ranked in alphabetical order by name of animals and notions that meet; all phraseology, spellings and meanings of these samples which may vary according to areas, region and resources of utterance are evaluated. It is focused on issues like usage of the samples in Turkish vocabulary, features in terms of synonymy, polysemy and homonym, characteristics of the relation of resemblance built up between words and notions and binding aspect that observed in the samples. At the end of the study, it is given indexes of determinated samples arranged by names of animals and organ or related to body parts.

Problems Faced By Freelance Translators In Turkey, Effects Of These Problems And Suggestions

Hüseyin ERSOY, Cem ODACIOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Our aim in this study is to examine problems of freelance translators on the Turkish translation market and analyze these problems on whether they affect the preference of foreign translation agencies or not. Before making a detailed analysis of these problems, we also aim to discuss about the status of translation profession in Turkey. In the framework of the paper, experiences of Turkish freelance translators or the ones living in Turkey have been used. Sample cases have been taken from a comprehensive internet network proz.com whose objective is to gather translators in different regions of the world and provide its members with various types of translation resources. Throughout the study, scientifically proved internet resources outweigh old dated written ones since translation profession and its problems is respectively a current issue. Resources have been compiled from official websites of universities, Turkish government, translation associations and foreign instutitions.

Meaning in the Vortex of Intervention and Translation with a Focus on International Diplomacy

Oktay ESER — 2024-08-29

Translation is a socially regulated act of communication. Therefore, it is a matter of making implicit meanings explicit across languages and socio-cultural systems. The relative interests and positions of the participants play a crucial part in contextualizing the production and reception of translation. How can the stakeholders involved in or benefitting from this process ever be sure of the content of the information they are exposed to? Are translators/interpreters subservient or impartial agents? There is reaserach that demonstrate acts of intervention in translation/interpreting in action. Are all acts of intervention innocent or are they ever used to manipulate meaning? Can they be justified? Apart from usual linguistic interventions made to provide an idiomatic translation through ‘shifts’, there are instances where translators intervene in a more conscious, conspicuous and purposeful way. Change is the focus of intervention in translation. Intervention as a translation phenomenon has many ways. It is also regarded as the re-contextualization of meaning. Those benefitting from translation are open to vulnerability, which is a kind of symbolic violence. How should the freedom of stakeholders be treated in translation? Ethics as a system of principles governing i

The Effect Of Dynamic And Still Visual Prompts On The Performance Of Students’ Written Narrative Production

Elçin ESMER — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study was to query the effect of dynamic and still visual prompts on the performance of students’ written narative production in a comparatıve manner. In the study quantitative and qualitative research methods were adopted. The quantitative data was analyzed by using frequency distribution and independent sample t -test. As for the qualitative data, descriptive analysis was used. The sample group of the study consisted of 60 randomly selected sixth grade students attending Yasemin KARAKAYA elementary school which is under the roof of ministry of national education, in Ankara Yenimahalle district ,in 2008-2009 academic year . In line with the aim of the study, the silent film and picture sequence visual prompts were selected as the data collection tool. By this way the narrative samples were taken from the students. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of narrative schema of the written narrative texts were made depending on the rubric developed by Esmer (2010). The essence of rubric is based on Labov’s (1972) oral narrative analysis and it also includes the common elements taking place in different narrative structures developed by different analysts. Besides the narratives were classified as “poor, average and good” according to their levels using another rubric developed by the analyst. The quantitative and qualitative results obtained from the study demonstrated that although the usage of narrative elements in the texts exhibited significant difference in favor of still visual prompt, the students’ narrative text production performance was not good enough in response to both visual prompts.

Common Constituents In Popular Novel and Turkısh Storytelling

Mustafa GÜLTEKİN — 2024-08-29

Popular Novel and Folk Storytelling as categories do not have clear common definitions have been widely uttered by critics. When they are read comparatively, on the other hand, seem to hold many similarities in terms of both the reasons of their occurrences and structures. Both genres are results of the shifts in the culture. Popular novel has occurred due to the industrialization in developed countries whereas the Turkish folk storytelling has occurred resulting from the shift from nomadic culture to settled life. These cultural changes have created two groups of people: a) the ones that are in search of something b) the ones who negotiate between the old and the new culture. These groups have had a big impact on the course of both the popular novel and the Turkish folk storytelling. This very fact has created an active exchange between the readers and the authors of both genres. The demands of the readers, for instance, have led both genres to attain formulated structures. This can be seen in terms of their plots, characters, narrator, the style of narrative and type of readers they have had over the course of both genres’ lives. With a specific focus on the periods and geographies both have appeared this paper will explore in what ways popular novel and Turkish folk storytelling share commonalities in terms of their function in the social life.

About The Necessity Of Valency Data In The Preparation Of Accent Dictionary For Turkey’s Turkish

Gürkan GÜMÜŞATAM — 2024-08-29

Regional accent dictionaries which are prepared to identify the vocabulary of Turkey’s Turkish have great value. Howover, it is difficult to make accurate comparisons with both written language and other regional accents since a number of linguistic data cannot be found in the prepared regional accent dictionaries. On the other hand, the negligence of contextual word use is a barrier in identifying linguistic features. Despite there is no change semantically, the forms which change linguistically are excluded from the dictionary since these forms are not greatly different in terms of pronunciation and written language. In this study, identifying cases of verb’s valency was indicated. With its most brief definition, valency is a linguistic term that explains complements found compulsorily in verbs. In dictionaries that are prepared for the vocabulary of standart language, the data that indicate the case of verb’s valency are presented. Verbs which are not used in the standart language and words which there is a change or elaboration in the dictionary meaning are explained. Usually, cases of verbs valency are not indicated. Valency cases idenfication will show which complements are necessary to complete the verb’s meaning with function and meaning. Since the case of verb’s valency can show difference from term to term, it can also vary from region to region. Showing that the case of valency is affected by verb transformations according to context and meaning facilitates making comparisons with standart language. On the other hand, the deficiency related to the data of verb’s valency will be helpful for the examination of verbs on a healthy background from every aspect while practising accents.

Palatal Harmony In Azerbaijan Turkish

İnan GÜMÜŞ — 2024-08-29

Various grammar problems of Turkish of Turkey, no doubt, can be classified with the comparisons that will be made with the other historical and contemporary Turkish dialects. In terms of historical progress, the most familiar Turkish to Turkish of Turkey is Azerbaijan Turkish. At the time of Old Anatolian Turkish, It is seen that Azerbaijan Turkish scarcely occurred as a separate written language, but came out with the characteristics peculiar to itself in the 16th and 17th centuries. So, Azerbaijan Turkish and Turkish of Turkey, grammatically, are two contemporary dialects which are pretty similar to each other. With reference to these ideas, in this essay, palatal harmony in Azerbaijan Turkish has been tried to be put forward by means of scanning the dictionary of Azerbaijan Turkish. The words that take place in the dictionary have been classified in respect of their etymons and the new harmonious and disharmonious forms having emerged have been explained by explaining their reasons. Especially, palatal harmony being seen with the borrowed words (Arabic, Persian) shows aspect being more different when compared to Turkish of Turkey. The biggest factor of its being in such a way is that the short and back vowels in Arabic and Persian words show tendency toward palatalisation. While this situation makes harmony in the words that contain short vowels in itself (esker

Equivalent Structures In Simple Sentences In Past Tense In Turkish And Kyrgyz

Ahmet GÜNGÖR — 2024-08-29

The importance of grammar in language teaching in Turkey Turkishand between the dialects can be determined by the basic rules of Turkish, such as euphony, incremental structure and its invariable syntax. To have an authentic, scientific grammar which describes the serial and syntactic relationship of all language levels (text, sentences, phrases, word groups, word, morpheme, phoneme and phrases) according to concrete language norms, comparative grammar works among dialects are needed. Simple and compound sentences are modeled in the appropriate works of İ. Ahmatov, B. Sarıev and M. Musaoğlu according to the structural, semantic and functional restructuring in Turkish linguistics. Modeling in simple sentences are made on the basis of Karaçay- Malkar and Turkoman Turkish materials; and modeling compound sentences are made on the basis of Azerbaijan and other Turkish written language materials. The schema of modeling that is presented by the mentioned linguistTurcologists about the basic sentence has been eventually drawn in the way below: Kyrgyz: Асан су ичти. (Hasan drank water) Turkey Turkish: Hasan su içti. (Hasan drank water) The models of such simple sentences can be determined as below, according to modern linguistics: Kyrgyz: Асан cy ичти. Turkey Turkish: Hasan su içti. According to morphology: İ1 İ1 F According to syntax: Ö N Y According to semantics: S O P According to semantic- functional disassembling: T_________________________R In modeling the sentences that are taken from Kyrgyz (AcaH cy …… ) and Turkey Turkish (Hasansuiçti) according to morphology, in which form the nouns are processed is marked in order ( in the order of Nom. , Gen. ,Dat. , Akk., Lok. ,Abl.) : İ1- shows the base form, and Fis verb . In the next modeling, Ö shows the subject, N- object, Y- verb; S- subject, O- object, P- predicate; T- theme and R shows the place. This complex method can be applied to all basic sentences in all written languages. The lexicologic, syntactic and equivalence features of the relations which are determined according to meaning and structure, among basic sentence structures, which are structured by specific past tense suffixes ( Kyrg: -dı/tı, -di/ti, -du/tu, -dü/tü; T. Turkish: -dı/tı, -di/ti, -du/tu, -dü/tü) and indecomposable verbs in Kyrgyz and Turkey Turkish( Kyrg: iç, kork-, ürk-, bil-, oku-, öl-; T. Tukish: iç-, kork-, ürk-, bil-, oku-, öl- etc. ), will be emphasized.

Analysis Of Tevfik Fikret’s Poem “Ramazan Sadakası” With Ontological Analysis Method

Adem GÜRBÜZ — 2024-08-29

Ontology of art is a theory that researches the existence not as a whole but

Court Seyranî Everekli In The "Birds"

Hulisi GÜRBÜZ — 2024-08-29

Birds, on the ground literal meaning is often different symbols in the world by humanitarian and human characteristics of verse has been used in a manner proportionate . Old Turkish poetry lover in the same denominator combined with the characteristics of the birds, the same as in folk poetry lover with a table depicting has maintained contact . In this study , one of the 19th century folk poet and poetry in parallel with Seyranî , cultural and mythological dimensions of the birds in nature with carrying values of foreign qualifications is discussed. Seyranî'y bird motifs in our study, reflecting the continent 's poems are discussed . In addition to the poet's literary figures all matters forming the basis of his own poems were explained . Seyranî'n in the center of our work in this direction in the understanding of poetry and poetry that uses bird motif is located . Seyranî'n as an indispensable element in the poetry criticism has been processed. In this poem the poet's temperament is reflected directly . Developed on the basis of this study , our understanding of the poet's poem transferred in a comprehensive manner rather focused on the bird motif . Birds in the old Turkish cults are not incorporated in the strict sense always has been attributed to a separate holiness . Most of the people always emotional characteristics of poetry birds have been installed. Birds, has emerged in different characters in literary works . Their roles are always different and surprising . Sometimes, sometimes with the legendary properties of human nature is used as a complement to the psychological motivation . All of these in a comprehensive manner Seyranî'n Based on the poem will try to explain.

Examination Of The Works “Gulistan And Bostan” In Terms Of Values Education

Ahmet Zeki GÜVEN — 2024-08-29

The values that are defined as acceptance and beliefs, enable people to distinguish between the good and bad things, are embraced by i

A Persian Treatise About Mu'ammâ

Hikmet Feridun GÜVEN — 2024-08-29

Mu'ammâ is an Arabic word that means mysterious and hard to understand, incomprehensible work. Poetic puzzles which has secret names inside are called Mu'ammâ in literature. Although mu'ammâ type initially arised in the Arabic literature, development has been in Persian literature and entered Turkish literature through Persian literature. Examples of mu'ammâ can be seen in Turkish literature since 15th century. In the 16th century mu'ammâ type was so popular and written by many poets . In this century, mu'ammâ of many Persian poets, particularly Molla Câmî and Mir Hüseyin Mu'ammâyî, have been translated and comments have been written. Information about rules of writing mu'ammâ and its solutions have been announced by Persian and Turkish mu'ammâ treatises. Since 17th century even the demand decreases in mu'ammâ, is written until the end of the 19th century. This study which has mu'ammâ as a subject includes; introduction, Persian mu'ammâ trearise and the conclusions. In the introduction section, mu'ammâ is described, a summary information is given about mu'ammâ rules and solutions, and list of the poets who has written mu'ammâ in Turkish literature, is shown in the table. Translation of a Persian treatise that gives information about the writing and the solution of a mu'ammâ constitutes the body of this work . This treatise is consisted of a preface, twenty four sections, and a postscript. In each section of the treatise, one of the rules of mu'ammâ is explained, Mu'ammâ sample are given, and their solutions have been done. For a better understanding of the rules described given number of samples varies between one and four . There are some prosody meter problems in some of the samples given. For the solution of some mu'ammâ examples annotated explanations are made at the edge of the page. In the conclusion section, mu'ammâ rules and the sample solutions given in this treatise are evaluated, so it was meant to contribute previously demonstrated theoretical knowledge.

Rumelian Literary Figures in Ottoman Empire’s XVIIth Century

Alpay İĞCİ, Aydın GÜLER — 2024-08-29

Literary figures in Europe part of Ottoman Empire had grown on many territory in XVIIth century. Largest and permanent part of Empire’s Europe territory was Balkans or territory of Rumelia. Some locations in Rumelia are at the forefront, more central. Ottoman Empire’s capital Istanbul had been the most important place for literary figures’ life and their works. Many of Rumelian literary figure had been in Istanbul on their life period. They had spent their education years, their religious and social life in capital city. Of course Rumelian writers’ language is classical Ottoman Turkish. However, also there are some works or work parts which include regional dialect features. With new historical dialect works, this situation can occur. Collecting writers of Rumelian geography various areas aimed on this article. On work, didn’t observed a criteria like what type of literary work had been given by writers. All literary figures from Rumelian origin like scientists, professors, statesmen had been included on XVIIth century. Literary figures which spent their all lifetime or one period of its life on XVIIth century are on this works scope. This work is also import determination of Rumelian origin authors’ language features. Aimed to be this work one of the basic works for detailed works of determined literary figures. On this work, were determined 221 Rumelia origin figures which had given works in XVIIth century. These figures was poets, writers, professors, statesmen on poetry, prose style and classical or traditional forms.

Mawlawi Gulbanks And An Analysis Of Mawlawi Gulbanks In Terms Of Functionalist Approach

Fatih İYİYOL — 2024-08-29

Gulbanks are among the most important works of Turkish oral tradition. Reciting gulbanks was a common practice in military and Sufi culture. Gulbanks are recited almost in every ritual in relation with Mawlawi rules and conventions. While Mawlawi gulbanks have many things in common with the gulbanks of other Sufi traditions, they possess a unique quality in structure, content and function. Mawlawi gulbanks begin and end with routines. In every this gulbank there is always a reference to Hz. Ali, Shams Tabrizi and Mawlana. The objective of this study is to analyze Mawlawi Gulbanks in terms of functionalist approach. In this study, all the gulbank texts and their variants belonging to Mawlawi tradition have been analyzed. Apart from basic Mawlawi rituals, gulbanks are also recited in other rituals such as transition periods, meals, and periods of spiritual retreats (çile).The basic function of a gulbank is to consecrate the present rituals. Besides, each gulbank recited during a different ritual has also a different meaning. Mawlawi rituals date back to old times and gulbanks reflect the spirit of these rituals. Hence, in gulbanks there is often a reference to a historical event or person. Apart from the historical factors, gulbanks have been influenced from the social and psychological factors of Mawlawi rules and conventions. Even though all gulbanks look similar to each other, when the contexts are taken into consideration, it can be clearly seen that each gulbank has a unique and authentic value. In this study, the source texts have been used and the context has been supported through the observations of Mawlawi ceremonies in Yenikapı Mawlawi Lodge.

Perception of Poetry in Divan of Şeyhî

Orhan KAPLAN, Özgür KIYÇAK — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to determine poetry perception of Şeyhi who is accepted as one of the important names of 15th century classical Turkish poetry, from comments, evaluations and explanations he has made about his own poetry. In this century when classical Turkish poetry kept improving and technical problems, primarily aruz prosody is considerably overcome, it is quite important the way poet regards his poetry and the meanings he attributed. Şeyhi partly mentions basic conditions required as necessary for poetry, similes he has done for poetry, basic characteristics and subjects of his poem in his

Hidden Memories Stored In Cultures; Life And My Memories In The Sinop

Sevim ŞERMET, — 2024-08-29

In the Arabic language, meaning that memories of the memoir genre, like many genres of Turkish literature will gain Tanzimat. When considered in terms of historical development, which tends to date fields outside the literary aspects and history in the service of one of the literary type. This study, which is a comprehensive example of a memoir penned by Doctor Riza Nur "Life and My Memoirs" was performed on the axis of his work. Starting from a work written in the memoir genre, before the Republic of Sinop on the cultural and social life is expected to capture some of these tips. In the historical process of physical and cultural context where there are a lot of changes in Sinop, commercial and military with an Ottoman city that attracts attention. Displays the unique cultural and social life of the province of Sinop, Sinop values can not be maintained, Riza Nur movement will be determined from the work. Literary work, considered as a reflection of social life with a view to "Life and My Memoirs" will be examined his work. The aim of this study Riza Nur fight outside of political opinion and evaluate in terms of cultural history, and this perspective is to try to interpret. Author and verifies the values defended, Dr. Riza Nur, and the values are correct. However, an i

Annotated Bibliography Trial With Respect To Grammatical Studies Has Been On Greek-Letters Turkish Texts

İbrahim KARAHANCI — 2024-08-29

In the process of scientific studies bibliography screening is important. Scientific value, consider the historical consistency of work in a manner that is hidden in the depths of the bibliography prepared. Bibliography of studies revealed that the depth that contains data and the results accurate and comprehensive approach to the topics discussed will be diagnosed with the opportunity to evaluate. Starting from the adoption of Islam by the Turks been written about a thousand years of Turkish language written in Arabic letters the preferred system, in many ways, including in particular phonemics failure is generally recognized. Located in the center of this work of Greek Turkish texts of letters, Arabic letters which might play an active role in solving some of the problems they are quite valuable for Turkey Turkish history. Despite this, studies related to this field in our country are very inadequate. Greek-letter Turkish research began with foreign researchers, and recently not escaped domestic researchers’ notice. However, the known number of works the way to go considering the fact that there are quite a few arises. Although grammatical studies conducted on Greek-letter Turkish texts may seem insufficient number has begun to be dealt in a collective manner. Such an assessment both will open horizons for new researches and will provide important conveniences to field specialist with labor and time saving. Each passing day increases the attraction of the Greek-letters Turkish text field researchers to be bent, hand annotated bibliography of what has been mentioned in the essay on which publication you will have an idea.

Oral History-Folklore Of Relations In The Context Three Epic Poems

Ayhan KARAKAŞ — 2024-08-29

Scientists who study the science of history largely benefit from written sources in addition to admit the existence of oral sources. Also referred to as the official date and historical information based on written sources, in some cases, may be insufficient in light of the historical period. At this point, a cautious approach, provided that the oral folklore as a source products may be consulted. Periods of historical events folklore of the people in the face of these events in terms of communicating thoughts and feelings is very valuable and will contribute to the science of history has the feature. However, these products are transferred from generation to generation with the participation of the public's imagination may be modified, must be supervised when evaluating to do. The newspaper is not yet widespread incidents of public import in the period of this destan, it was quite common. In this study of love in the 1960s to suppress and Turkey's recent history occurred in three destan the events will be examined. In this destans to official records, with the narration of these events will be examined through the eyes of love.

Mi‘Râciye Of Ömer Hâfız-ı Yenişehr-i Fenârî

Hasan KAYA — 2024-08-29

Islamic topics have an extensive place in Turkish literature. Hz. Muhammed is at the beginning of these topics. Besides the life, hadiths, states, attitudes and physical features of him, love of him has been included in the works of Turkish literature. At the beginning of

Linguistics, Semantics And Pragmatics

Ayşe KIRAN — 2024-08-29

This article tries to explain the forming and understanding of meaning as regards to meaning, semantics, linguistics and pragmatics. The terms of meaning and signification have been explained with the enunciation and utterance concepts within the Benveniste’s theory of enunciation. Starting off with the example “proje”/“proce”, the definition of the sign from the signifier and the signified by Saussure and the concept of the four-level sign by Hjelmslev have been compared. The dichotomy “proje”/“proce” have been analyzed at the phonetics, phonology, lexicology, morphology, and semantics levels. Therefore, we have observed how a phonetic change in context and use at the phonology level can change the other two levels and the meaning. Based on Aksan’s ideas, we have determined how a meaningful sign (proje) in a standard language can change into a sound series (proce) meaningful with phonetic association but not existing in dictionaries. The word “proje” having a neutral meaning gained a dysphoric meaning in the expression “crazy project”. Here the influence of the connotation’s power and content has been put forward. Like in this example, connotation can be so powerful that it can shelter denotation. Nevertheless, there cannot be connotation without denotation. In the framework of semantics, we have tried to explain the dichotomy principle of Saussure and the axis of resemblance/difference with the examples “kahve/kafe” (fr). We have stressed that before pragmatics inspired by Witteginstein, Greimas put forward that the meaning (signification) is formed and understood within context. In the implicit explained by pragmatics, we have shown that signification can be formed regardless of the words used in the utterance but that the meaning can never come forward without them.

An Analysis On The Habits Of Internet Use For German Preservice Teacher’s Language Skills And Competences

Güleser KORKMAZER, İbrahim Halil YAPRAK — 2024-08-29

Basing on a number of variables this study aimed to identify German prospective teachers’ use of internet in order to develop not only their basic language skills but also the other language areas. For these purposes the current research was conducted in the academic year 2013-2014 with participation of 243 students majoring at the Department of German Language Teaching in Dicle and Trakya University. In this context, as a data collection tool, a survey developed by Aydın (2007) was adapted. The reliability coefficient was recalculated and it was found as Alpha=0.85. Additionally, in order to provide some background information about the participants, a number of items were also included in the survey. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS 18. In this respect, t-Test, One Way ANOVA, and Kruskall Wallis were used as tests. The findings have showed that German pre-service teachers Internet use frequency to develop their language skills and other language competences was either never or sometimes. A statistically significant difference or correlation was not obtained in the variables of the grade levels, gender, type of high schools, fields, and the facilities related to the Internet access and use. In addition to this, no significant difference was found in Internet use habits between the German pre-service teachers of Dicle and Trakya University. However, a significant difference has emerged between the Internet use for language development and the weekly frequency of Internet use.

The Criticism Of Latifi’s And Aşik Çelebi’s Tezkires On Account Of Messages In Their Anecdotes

Vedat KORKMAZ — 2024-08-29

Poets’ Tezkires are works that claim to describe life of Ottoman society as well as being a biography. So they have a sociological suggestion and message. The sections which carry message are called anecdotes. Anecdotes make some abstract and model statements concrete. 140 anecdotes were pointed out among 204 poets’ biographies which are common in both Latifi’s and Aşık Çelebi’s works. Nearly all of the anecdotes have i

Şefaat-Name And The Şefaatname Written By Pir Muhammed

Şahin KÖKTÜRK — 2024-08-29

In Turkish Literature “şefaatname” is a literary genre. These kinds of works deal with how Hz. Muhhammed and the people who were given intercession right (the Prophet’s family and the first four caliphs etc.), could be an intercessor on behalf of sinner muslims. There are many works about intercession, either self-contained or in the form of chapters. The Works, such as “Mevlid” and “Muhammediye”, which are named as “şefaatname” or “ervahname” are written to address to people directly, so they have an unsophisticated wording and plain language. Since manuscripts were produced by copying and there were a few number of them available, the only way for these works to reach large masses was through listening to them from someone else who read them to people. Hence, these kinds of works are the books which are listened to from somebody else reading them to you rather than the ones read personally. One of these works is Pir Muhyeddin Muhammed’s intercession. It is known that the work was copied in 1727, but it is not clear exactly when it was written. Besides this, it is possible that it was written at the time of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent. The fact that the book has the title “Haza Kitab-ı Emir Sultan” and that the name “Emir Sultân” is mentioned so often as the leader of the tariqat is another reason that causes suspicion about the date of compilation. In this case, there is a strong possibility that the dates of compilation and copying are different from each other. Many people and libraries,including National Library, have lots of copies of this magazine with different dates about the time when they were copied. This work covers the topics such as mortality, the inevitability of death, the time of death, the affairs after death, the things to be experienced in the grave, and the most important of all,the fact that those who were given the right to intercede - Hz.Muhammed, hisfamily and the first four caliphs etc being first and foremost among them - would intercede on behalf of the sinner muslims, all of which are introduced through fictional texts in detail.

Characters and Education in Tanzimat Novel

Nuray KÜÇÜKLER KUŞCU — 2024-08-29

The Tanzimat era novelists write novels to enlight the society. They wish to educate the society with novels about various subjects such as Westernisation, status of women in society, edification of children, marriage, household relations, poridigality etc. These social problems are important for Tanzimat era novelists. The novelists also emphasize education in their novels frequently. The characters in Tanzimat novels are the narrative elements to emphasize education for the novelists. The aim of this study is to evaluate educational backgrounds of the characters and to determine the social issues related to these backgrounds. Thus, while the population of this study comprises of Tanzimat era Turkish novels, sampling comprises of “Taaşşuk-ı Talat ve Fitnat”, “İntibah”, “Felâtun Bey ile Râkım Efendi” and “Araba Sevdası”. These novels has been examined by focusing on educational backgrounds of the characters. The conclusion that had drawned from the findings of the study is that contemporary social realities had related to educational backgrounds of the characters in the novels. In this context, women’s education had discussed in “Taaşşuk-ı Talat ve Fitnat” through female characters. Ali Bey is the main character of “İntibah”. He is a weak minded and inexperienced person. He falls in love with a “ wrong” woman who destroys his life. One of the reasons of Ali Bey’s destruction is his inadequate educational background. The role of education to create an ideal Ottoman intellectual had discussed in “Felâtun Bey ile Râkım Efendi” through characters. A spendthrift, poridigal and quixotic person had narrated “Araba Sevdası”. The educational background of this person also had mentioned in the novel.

Machine Translation vs. Human Translation

Elona LİMAJ — 2024-08-29

The advantages and disadvantages of machine translation have been the subject of increasing debate among human translators lately because of the growing strides made in the last year by the newest major entrant in the field, Google Translate. The progress and potential of machine translation has been debated much through its history. But this debate actually began with the birth of machine translation itself. Behind this simple procedure lies a complex cognitive operation. To decode the meaning of the source text in its entirety, the translator must interpret and analyze all the features of the text. The success of encoding of war rivals texts during WWII pushed the language experts to believe that translation of foreign languages could be realized based on these encoding principles. The cold war coincided with the invention of computers, and “cracking Russian” was one of the first tasks these machines were set. The competition towards establishing more business with different parts of the world incited advanced countries in technology to look for easy and quick ways for communication. Nevertheless, machine translation has proved helpful in more urgent situations as well. But, in my opinion, although computer scientists have toiled for decades to produce machine translation comparable to that rendered by humans, they have yet to succeed.

The Language Of Runic Inscription Found On The Margin Of Idil

Fenuze NURİEVA — 2024-08-29

The Runic inscriptions in East Europe shows that Runic Turkish writing streches out to East Europe with Bulgarian Turks. There are no huge inscriptions in East Europe. There are some writings on daily objects such as pots, stone walls, gold, silver etc. Scientists accepts the Hazar-Bulgarian Runic inscriptions as a variant of Turkish writing. E.R. Tenişev have studied these Runic materials, classifying them in a chronologic order. The writings on these materials dates from 5th-6th to 12th-13th centuries. X. R. Kurbatov and E. R. Tenişev, studied the Runic materials on the margin of Idil-Cholman, proclaims that these materials have the same base, even though they have different orthographies. All of the foundlings on the margin of Idil and consists of a few words have been stdied by X. R. Kurbatov and E. R. Tenişev. Because these inscriptions are very short, there are some differences and arguments among the readings. In despite of the short contents they have, these inscriptions are very important for they reveal the formation of Tatar writing language on the margin of Idil and provide us with phonetic, lexic and grammatic fetaures of the language. In this study, informations about the runic inscriptions, the geography and the history of the inscriptions is given. Also, the translations into Turkey Turkish will be shown by giving X. R. Kurbatov and E.R. Tenişev’s reading.

Phonetic Changes Of Arabic And Persian Words In Kazakh Turkish Language

Emin OBA — 2024-08-29

Kazakh nation is one of the Turkish nations who have inhabited Turkistan geography. They have been moved from nomadic life to settled life in the 19th century. Since they moved to settled life so late, they were able to maintain their self-worth especially their language. Kazakh Turkish vocabulary is usually consist of Kazakh own words. In addition, there are some words taken from other nations basically from Arabic, Persian and Russian. Kazak Turkish is considered the least affected language from Arabic and Persian languages since its’ political-sociological and geographical position. There is no direct effect of Arabic and Persian languages on Kazak Turkish. Kazak language is receipt words from Arabic and Persian over Uzbek Turkish. Arabic and Persian words in Kazakh Turkish vocabulary, their passage and changes on words during that period are mainly our topic to be considerate in this article. While Kazakh language has been taken words from Arabic language via Islam, they has affected from Persian language since political, commercial and geographical location. In this study, it has been focused to the words taken from Arabic and Persian languages, how they have been used in daily life and how they moved into Kazakh language and their changes during that period of time. Taken words have been used after changes in the phonetic structure of words. We will be also focusing the reason of using words from Arabic and Persian languages, and also the reason of the changes in those words. While researching, quoted words are ordered according to Arabic alphabet. Moreover, the words in Kazakh language taken from Arabic and Persian language have been submitted with different phonemes. Therefore, the formation of different phonetic shape has been caused. In our study these points and examples will be given.

An Islamic View To Cyprus On The Basis Of Culture And Literature

Emin ONUŞ — 2024-08-29

The Cyprus Island has witnessed great struggles between nations and religions for ages. The religious pressures against Orthodox Church by Catholic Venice and the prohibition of Orthodox’s freedom of religious worship have caused arguments between Catholic and Orthodox sectarians. The Catholic governance(rules) had ceased after the spread of Islam in Cyprus when the Ottomans conquered the island in 1571. Orthodoxs were then given the freedom of worship according to Ottoman-Islam principle and justice. Cyprus is counted as sacred by Orthodox Greeks where it is comprising of a religious meaning for the Muslim Turks.Hala Sultan Tekke, Mausoleum Of Hz. Omer, Mosques, Mevlevihâne and other religious spiritual structures come to mind in this sense the first. After the 1950s, the rising Greek attacks against the Muslim Turks does not just refer to a racist meaning. It also refers to a religious meaning. Turkish nationalist reaction that has begun against Greek attacks lasts until the declaration of TRNC in Turkey-Cyprus public opinion and literature. In addition, the cultural life in Cyprus has a religious connotation as well. In this paper, some writers overview about Cyprus Islamic framework will be discussed in the basis of culture and literature.

Criticism of Refi Cevat Ulunay

Alparslan OYMAK — 2024-08-29

Refi Cevat Ulunay (1890 – 1968) is one of the most popular journalists and novelists of the Armistice, National Defense and the Republican era. He lived as an exile between the years 1922 and 1938 since primarily he strongly criticized the Union and Progress Party between the years 1914 and 1918 and then, he opposed Independence War. Ulunay’s journalism is required to be

Interference Errors Which Originate From The Native Language In Russian Language Teaching

Gamze ÖKSÜZ — 2024-08-29

When we take a look at the issue from the cognitive side, the preliminary information learned earlier affect learning positively or negatively during foreign language learning. The positive effects of preliminary information result in language transfer, while the negative effects result in interference. Consequences such as changes in the narrative, negativity, communication disorder, semantic shift and delay in the learning process due to deviations from the norm in interference. While the similarities between the phonetic, grammatical, lexical and orthographical aspects in the mother language and the target language facilitate and speed up learning the target language, the differences in these areas may cause difficulties in language learning. In this study, “interference”, which can be defined as the confusing of languages or language interference, caused by the contact of two languages, will be explained and the inference errors made by university students whose native language is Turkish and are learning Russian as a foreign language during the stages of learning Russian will be analyzed. The body of our study consists of 1st and 2nd grade students of Gazi University who are studying Russian in the Faculty of Literature Russian Language and Literature and whose native language is Turkish. The purpose of the study is to determine and classify the syntactic, lexicological and phonemical interference errors through examples and to try to present alternatives, which will minimize language interference. Thus, a more efficient and productive learning in foreign language teaching will be in question.

Exıstence In Urban: The Analyze Of The Novel Named Gölgesizler By Hasan Ali Toptaş

Haluk ÖNER — 2024-08-29

In late period Turkish novels, the readers are expected to adopt a selective attitude since there is an increase in both quality and quantity. Also the increase of postmodernist effects led to come out a variety of reader profiles because of the large number of novels. Hasan Ali Toptaş is an important author who contributed both for the improvement of the novel in Turkish literature and also for the formation of qualified readers. He gained ground for himself in Turkish literature with his style and form of fiction editing and also he is a novelist who is able to create natural bonds between living and writing. It is possible to see the symbols and traces of magical reality, being an easterner, existentialist inquisition, modernism and postmodernism in his works such as Gölgesizler, Bin Hüzünlü Haz, Heba, Uykuların Doğusu. This study contains a general view about Gölgesizler, which has an important place in Hasan Ali Toptaş’s literary works with its polysemy and multidimensional structure. Within its fiction editing, modernist and postmodernist aspects, poetic language, imageries of scene and character and united structure with integrated particles, Gölgesizler is accepted as an unique breakthrough as a part of late period Turkish novels. In this study, to what extend Gölgesizler is significant for Turkish literature will be emphasized and the details will be given about the courtesy of fiction editing and form of expression.

A Qualitative Study: Training of Skills in the Turkish Language Course

Funda ÖRGE YAŞAR — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to manifest Turkish Language teachers' opinions on having the students gain the basic skills in the Turkish Language course. Within this context, qualitative research method was used in the study and data were collected through semi-structured interview forms. In the study where simple random sampling was employed, the participants consisted of the Turkish Language teachers that attended Turkish Language courses in the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades in the secondary schools in Canakkale central district within the 2013-2014 school year. In order to determine the participating Turkish Language teachers' opinions on having the students gain the basic skills in the Turkish Language course, a semi-structured interview form consisting of nine open ended questions prepared by the researcher was used. The findings obtained at the end of the study were interpreted within the themes of 1. How teachers rank basic skills in terms of their level of importance, 2. Teachers' prediction on the five basic skills that are brought in the most through Turkish Language textbooks, 3. Teachers' prediction on the five basic skills that are brought in the least through Turkish Language textbooks, 4. Teachers' opinions on the suitability of the activities provided in Turkish Language textbooks in terms of bringing in basic skills, 5. Teachers' opinions concerning how the basic skills provided in Turkish Language textbooks vary between the different grades, 6. Teachers' opinions concerning how the basic skills provided in Turkish Language textbooks vary between the books of different publishers, 7. The problems teachers experience in having the students gain the basic skills in Turkish Language course, 8. The suggestions teachers make in order to overcome the problems they experience in having the students gain the basic skills in Turkish Language course, and 9. The suggestions teachers make in order to bring in basic skills in Turkish Language course to the students in a better way. In order to be able to manifest teachers' opinions more effectively, direct quotations were made. According to the results of the study, while the top five basic skills that are introduced the most were determined to be the skills of using Turkish in the correct, proper and effective way (16 people), research skills (14 people), communication skills (13 people), creative thinking skills (12 people) and intertextual reading skills (11 people), those that were determined to be brought in the least were determined to be entrepreneurial skills (17 people), problem solving skills (15 people), decision making skills (15 people), skills to utilize information technologies (13 people) and critical thinking skills (10 people). In addition, while 45% of the teachers consider that the activities in textbooks are suitable for introducing basic skills, the remaining 55% do not consider them to be suitable for this purpose.

Ateşten Gömlek: Sentimental or Romance?

Seher ÖZKÖK — 2024-08-29

This study about Ateşten Gömlek sentimental novel tackles in the context of the novel features of this text and the text to argue that there is a militarization. Peyami of the main characters of the novel through the process militarization of this is seen in all clarity how it works. Also in this study, with reference to the relationship between women and the land of the parallels between women and homeland militarization are focused on contributing to the text. In the novel, the novel's main character Ayşe homeland-female identity are constructed out of, and commitment to fight blindly go to war associated with these identities are discussed. In this study, this relationships are trying to determine with the help of psychoanalysis. Besides, this battle with myths being studied to determine the relationship between the text and the narrator reads the text, which focuses on how drawn into the strategies that are made visible. The reader is drawn to the text with which strategies are important. Because mobilize a nation to war is concerned. In this context, the people of the Ateşten Gömlek mobilize possible to say that the actuator is positioned as a text. Cion of this action of the novel's narrator gathered around Peyami readership is possible occasion. Throughout this work, the fact of nationalism establishing the concepts of homeland and militarization possible has been tried to be addressed in a comprehensive manner. This concept of creating a form of nationalist thinking and strategies have been tried to be made visible in the work. In the background of a collective identity, national identity, which is a war in which the dynamics of the meaning of the text, which has been tried to Ateşten Gömlek.

Evaluation Of Tdk Dictionary In Terms Of Lexicography From The Comparative Examination Of Gönül Substance In Different Turkish Dictionary

Farhad RAHİMİ — 2024-08-29

Glossary can be defined as “A book that takes a language or a part of a language in general or to a specific time in the word and expressions from alphabet in order, it is sometimes a concept according to the area, and with that same language definitions, describes with examples, or writes any other language meanings”. After the development of the science of language, lexicography that is a branch of it, has become a specialized field that requires taking a high level language training and knowing the properties of the various periods of Turkish. The most important issue in dictionary writing is the detecting of the existence word in that language. Meanings sorted fram concrete to abstract, then is written metaphor, meaning enlargement and to some extent people's mouth, slang and special meanings such as the meanings of terms. Another important issue in lexicography is giving to the words accurate, understandable and meanings used in the language. We in this study, based on TDK dictionary will compare the word heads and interior items (proverbs, idioms and compound words) of Gönül from seven different dictionary (TDK Dictionary, Ötüken Dictionary, Kubbealtı Dictionary, Püsküllüoğlu Dictionary, Dil Derneği Dictionary, Doğan Dictionary, Hançerlioğlu Dictionary) and will try to examine that interaction between the fields of linguistics and lexicography, to what degree is reflected in this dictionary. After analyzing the underlying TDK dictionary, with bringing up the positive aspects of the other dictionary, we aim to contribute to a TDK dictionary. If considered our considerations and applied the same considerations in other items, TDK dictionary, as most Turkish dictionary that is referenced, will become more suitable to the principles of lexicography.

The Idiom’s In 17th Century Poet Şinasi For Poems

Gülden SARI — 2024-08-29

Idioms and proverbs are our living witnesses to artful articulation and effective use of Turkish. The history of idioms and proverbss goes rather very back in the past due to being products of lengthy observations and extensive experiences. The relation of Turkish with other languages to expand vocabulary and to

The Perception Of Urban In Ülkü Tamer’s Book “Soğuk Otlarin Altinda”

Orhan SARIKAYA — 2024-08-29

Urban, the concrete body of modernism is also where we can see the sensitivity of modern poem. Even though it has negative points of urban, environment and human, it inspired modern literature for theme, simplicity, topic and place. Modern literature couldn’t ignore this inspiration source that has so many new ideas, new stories, new techniques and new views since Charles Boudealire. In our literature(Turkish) starting from 1950s we see urban critism ,nature, breakage of moral values, boundaries between i

Developing The Academic Ethics Values Scale: The Reliability And Validity Study

Oğuzhan SEVİM — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to develop a scale to measure the researchers’ attitudes related toacademic ethical values. In the study, a draft of the scale which contained 63 items was composed based on both reviews of the extant literature and the opinions of experts of this area. 10 items has been removed from the draft scale based on expert opinion. The draft scale was tested a group of 508 academics; as a result of faktor analysis, 3 items were omitted, again and the remaning 50 items have been

Language Influences on Nonfinite Verbs in the Written Language of Turks in Macedonia

Hülya SKUKA — 2024-08-29

The influence of the Turkish language on other languages in the Balkans reached its peek at the end of 19th century. At that time the Turkish Empire started to withdraw from this region. Consequently, the influence of the Turkish language on the regional languages started to decrease. After that, the language influence was present in the opposite direction. The Balkan languages, which belong to the European language group, started to influence the language of the Balkan Turks. Of course, this influence was not in favor of the Turkish language. The alterations in the morphology and syntax of the Turkish language in the Balkan were getting it closer to the European languages, but at the same time were causing differences from the standard Turkish language. These differences were not limited only to the colloquial language. They also appeared in the written language of Turks in the multilingual environment of the Balkans. In this paper we have treated and analyzed the written language of the Turks in Macedonia, which manifests differences from the standard Turkish language, in terms of differences in phonetics, morphology and syntax. More specifically, we have treated the influence of the Macedonian and Albanian language on nonfinite verbs in the written language of the Turks in Macedonia. The paper is comprised of three sections in which infinitives, particles, gerunds are treated. As a result of the language influences and of the insufficient knowledge of these word groups by the Turks in Macedonia, they are used incorrectly in their written language. The sentences in the written language of the Turks in Macedonia are similar to the European languages and are not in conformance with the standard Turkish language.

Postmodern Novel: Fiction, Language and Characters

Gamze SOMUNCUOĞLU ÖZOT — 2024-08-29

The postmodernism which manifests itself in new structures and synthesis changing many entrenched patterns also shows this characteristic to create fiction , language- style and characters in novel genre.Characters in postmodern novels are separated by significant differences from those of classic and modern novels. Postmodernist view free the novel characters from their familiar roles and tasks.In postmodern novels it is almost impossible to encounter a character who has a positivist perspective and idealistic, dedicated himself to serving the community , giving importance to ethics and voicing it at every opportunity.In postmodern novels characters do not sit in the centre of the novel with their i

The Fair Of Hz. Omar: Dasitan-i Shehman

Bünyamin TAN — 2024-08-29

Hz. Omer, a famous companion of the prophet of Islam, the principle of fair. Living in speed, and the caliphate has fulfilled the task of overseeing those under the provision is recognized in the act of justice. For this reason, many related to his fair management approach is narrated in the books of Islamic history. 13 Century of conquest to be intense and gas together with an understanding of the superiority of the Islamic religion with the need to tell the public to mark the emergence of religious and mystical stories about Sahaba observe that arise. In this story, an example of their piety and Islamic societies have attempted to describe the direction. Working on mathnawi’s, Hz. Omar, the son of adultery and punished even implement a penalty period by law, even if the son does not exceed describes any favors. Mathawi, "folk-type mathnawi " belongs to the group. Mathnawi classic feature of this type of religious and moral issues to educate the people, and gather them around the religion of Islam. For this reason Hz. Muhammad's life and miracles took place during the events of their lives on the basis of the mathnawi of this type can be found written in plain language. Dasitan-ı Şehman, the above-mentioned properties are not showing the mathnawi. Hz. Omar is a story of a mathnawi equitable management approach. Primarily, mathnawi’s described in the historical aspects of the story is examined. In the Islamic history sources, Omar's son about which there is in such a rumor were investigated. Then focused on mathnawi's features the type of folk. Conducted and transcribed copies of mathnawi views are given in the text.

Constructing The Textual Coherence Skill Of 8th Grade Students Through Writing Drafts: An Action Research

Mehmet TOK, Mustafa GÖNÜLAL — 2024-08-29

One of the most critical steps of writing process is creating drafts. This step prevents the students from suggesting more than one main idea, giving unnecessary information beside the point of view in the texts of the students and creating a coherent text. The study of an action research aims to construct the textual coherence of 8th grade students in the paragraph level through writing drafts prepared before teaching activities and writing. The practice of 8 weeks’ duration (16 hours) in Çanakkale Merkez Gazi Highschool was participated by 32 students. The data of the study were obtained via 7 different data collection tools as the discussion with Turkish Teacher, the focus group discussion with the students, the written expressions of the students, the worksheets of the students, the diaries of the students, researcher’s diary, and teacher observation form. The obtained data were categorized after conducting content analysis. Before the practice, in the focus group discussions, the students stated that they did not like writing and did not write unless needed and also that they wrote the first thing coming to mind without planning when writing is necessary. This consequence was also observed when the written texts of the students were analysed. The practice had positive outcomes for creating coherent texts, determining the appropriate supporting elements, increasing the supporting elements, and enhancing the attitudes of thinking and writing in detail in the written expressions of the students.

A case study on Method Selection in Teaching Turkish as Foreign Language: Teaching Past Tense Using Different Methods

Hayrettin TUNÇEL — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to specify which types of foreign language teaching approach/approaches are used in teaching the past tense in the A1 level Turkish as a foreign language class. The research has a mixed-method design. The research was carried out using a relational screening model among a case study model and screening models. According to Rudner and Schafer (2009) a case study includes a close analysis of a single case or event rather than analyzing a limited number of variables, following certain rules. According to Karasar (2012) relational screening models are the research models used to find the existence and/or the degree of covariance between two or more number of variables. In the research, the compatibility of foreign language teaching techniques used in the Turkish as foreign language course with foreign language teaching approaches is given in details by associating it with causality and asking the question of how for each technique used in the teaching course. It also researched if the participants’ past tense evaluation test scores vary significantly (p<,05) depending on gender, and the number of foreign languages they speak. It is found out that in the Turkish as a foreign language class, not only the language teaching technique/techniques designed for a particular foreign language, but many other techniques designed for other language teaching approaches are used by the teacher. It is also found out that the evaluation test scores of the subjects that speak three or more foreign languages ( =87,03) are higher than the subjects that speak only one foreign language ( =81,28).

Ahmet Umit’s First Detective Novel: Sis ve Gece

Sevgül TÜRKMENOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Thriller,is a new species for turkish literature.Yet It could not have got the place it deserves in Turkish literature thriller,especially develops after 1980.In 1990s a hype of thriller starts. From these years is seen to focus a little closer to the detective novel. Type of crime, drugs, prostitution, murder, human trafficking as criminal matters are built on the area of development, this type of relationship is seen as a dense metropolitan cities. The population more and more crowded and consequent increase in the number of criminal cases living in metropolitan Istanbul,It is a suitable place for the turkish police. Nevertheless, It is possible to say this species could not have got the place it deserves in Turkish literature yet. This situation stems from the structure of Turkish society. Prostitution, drugs, murder, smuggling, human trafficking as criminal elements, the subjects dealt with are often in thrillers. These issues are not very close to the Turkish society. Crime novels take place in Turkish literature have too many of these issues in the Turkish society. In recent years, begun an orientation to police that an undertaking is not very adequate. Thrillers, yet have not been considered important in Turkish literature. Sis ve Gece, Ahmet Ümit’s the first detective novel is. The novel had been concerned at the time of publication. The novel was translated in Greek, translated into a foreign language has gained the title of the first Turkish novel. In this study, Sis ve Gece novel will be evaluated by considering in the context of detective novels.

Turkish Press in The Second Constitutional Monarchy Period and Feyz-i Hürriyet Newspaper

Yavuz Sinan ULU — 2024-08-29

Declared in July 23, 1928 The Second Constitutional Monarchy led to press periodicals in free environment which was deprived of control mechanism. This free environment paved the way for publishing a great number of newspaper and journal as being in any period. Feyz-i Hürriyet is one of the this periodicals and it represents Turkish press in The Second Constitutional Monarchy period. Feyz-i Hürriyet, published in 26 numbers between 18 August - 17 Teşrin-i sâni (November) 1326 (1908) by Vicdânî's efforts, is a completely political publication. In addition to Vicdânî; Ali Sâcit, Nabluslu Vecihî, Ahmed Sıdkî are important writers of Feyz-i Hürriyet. It started broadcasting when was lived the excitement of freedom, and attracted attention with article which emphasized the necessity of the National Assembly, ,Sultan Abdülhamit II opposition and İttihat ve Terakki proximity. Feyz-i Hürriyet not only interested in politics in İstanbul, but also dealed Kurdish issue which has caused various problems, by Ali Sâcit's articles. Feyz-i Hürriyet evaluated the politics of The Second Constitutional Monarchy Period in terms of various aspects, and is publication which will give perspective regarding the periodicals of that era.

Bandit Poets In Arabic Literatur

İbrahim USTA — 2024-08-29

Bandit poets very harsh conditions of life in the Arabian Peninsula is now in place in the mountains and vast deserts have kept in groups are known to be thieves . They either by tribes or tribes to which they are slave children to have acted contrary to the rules or difficult to spawn a tribe fired anyone because they are forced to choose . As a result, highwayman their tribal life, living out justice request exhausted, family and tribal ties severed , cruelty ridden this resort for themselves in the persecuted , believing tribe and wealth to the owners and the world 's property pouts are people . To society of fear and anxiety , releasing space in the desert holds a strong body of these people are the only weapon . However, courage , relentless enemy attacks and death and life of seeing the same value , which makes them different from others is one of the most basic features . At the same time they act with compassion for the poor and the poor , they have achieved in the raids as spoils to distribute to the needy should not forget the human side . A significant portion of bandits attack against the rich and stingy have done. In this study, a lot of emphasis on the Arab literary poets, which will be dealt with bandits . Of pre-Islamic, early Islamic , Umayyad and Abbasid first periods we have seen in the first inhabited by bandits poet economic, social and cultural environment are examined in a sense, the reasons which impelled them banditry were discussed. Topics at the end of each period and a brief biography of the poet's most famous poem with a few verse will be brought to the attention of the reader.

Sheikh Galib Example At The Tradition Of Na’t

Şerife UZUN — 2024-08-29

Na’t is the general name of poems at Turkish and Iranian literatures praisin Prophet Muhammad. At Turkish literature, we can see the first examples of this kind of poems in Qutadgu Bilig of Yusuf Has Khacib. It was popular at the every period op literature and, hence, it became a tradition. The love for Prophet Muhammad and the hope to reach the shefaat urged poets to write na’t. The best examples of this kind of poem are at Turkish classical literature. Qaside of Water of Fuzuli is the best but, perhaps the second is Musaddas-i Mutaqarrir of Sheikh Galib. According to all men of letters and critics, Sheikh Galib is the lastest great poet of classical poem. His poems, especially, written on view of Sabk-i Hindi, are rich according to their meanings. This richness could be seen at his na’ts. He begins his

The name "Turk" in the divan literature of Hafiz of Harezm

Ahat ÜSTÜNER — 2024-08-29

In written historic Turkish works, the name of "Turk" has been used as common noun in many meanings such as 1. beautiful 2. strength, power 3. strong, powerful 4. mature, grown up. It is observed that in the

Computer Assisted Collaborative Language Learning: With The Special Reference To Tbll

Zeynep YAPRAK — 2024-08-29

This article presents a framework for the design of collaborative tasks in a synchronous online environment and reports the findings based on learner output from quantity and quality aspects such as lexical density and negotiation of meaning in the mode of computer mediated interaction (CMI). The study first focuses on the underlying theories in designing online tasks, and then, presents a number points concerning the interactive nature of CALL. Data about participants’ profile and their perceptions about own language competences were collected through a survey questionnaire. For the quantity& quality measures of language output generated through collaborative online task were based on recordings, and screen shots. The use of synchronous interaction recorded by screen-shot software not only facilitated the analysis of interaction but also let the track of participants’ actions that they employed to deal with the emerged communication problems. The paper concludes by reporting the findings based on stimulated recall about participants’ reflections on their linguistic efforts and final attitudes towards the integration of computer assisted tasks into the language learning and teaching process. Based on these findings, it was seen that on an interactive and collaborative platform which is supported by language tasks, the degree of learner active oral participation is considerably higher than the one in traditional setting. While in traditional classrooms the incidents of learners’ oral participations are mostly restricted to two or three times at most and confined to the mode of giving answers to the teachers’ questions, in computer assisted interactive learning environment learners take all responsibilities of initiating interaction, asking and responding questions, assigning turn allocations, and finalizing the interaction. While in traditional classrooms the incidents of learners’ oral participations are mostly restricted to two or three times at most and confined to the mode of giving answers to the teachers’ questions, in computer assisted interactive learning environment learners take all responsibilities of initiating interaction, asking and responding questions, assigning turn allocations, and finalizing the interaction.

Views Of Teachers On The Writing Activities In Middle School Textbooks And Teacher’s Books Of Turkish Language

Derya YAYLI, Murat SOLAK — 2024-08-29

The aim of the writing instruction is to help the students explain themselves in writing clearly and comprehensibly. Any problem in writing could end with problems in communication. With this caveat in mind, a lot of research in writing instruction in Turkish language has been conducted to reach various findings. Some research has also been carried out on the Turkish language teaching program developed by Ministry of Education. Those studies have focused on style, form and content. Some of them have aimed to obtain the views of the teachers on the implementation of the program. The mentioned studies should be expanded including the activities in the teacher’s boks as well as the textbooks. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the views of the teachers of Turkish language on the activities in textbooks and teacher’s books. The participants of the study were 30 teachers working at the middle schools in the provinces of Manisa and Burdur. A semi-structured interview form was developed for data collection. The qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis to reach important codes and themes. Consequently, the findings were discussed under three sub-headings: 1) types and the quality of the writing activities, 2) students’ perceptions of the writing activites, and 3) teachers’ perceptions of the writing activites. The findings revealed that teachers find those activities satisfactory, that students hesitate to write, that the crowded number of students and lack of time influence the writing instruction negatively, and that further progress about evaluation of the writings should be made.

Literature and Our Culture Train

Ali YILDIRIM — 2024-08-29

Literary and cultural civilization, one of the key elements shaping our lives that we, humanity as a whole is the product of joint exploration and development is technology. Cultural life, only those that create a culture of community traditions, customs, beliefs and perception does not consist of. These values complement or raises doubt one of the key elements is the technology that is the result of civilization. Our country from the year one thousand eight hundred fifties freight trains began to arrive, a new culture in our lives has led to new perceptions. Especially considering military and commercial aspects of the train lines were created, brought to life in different parts of the Ottoman geography. Trains and railways came to our country for years, the Ottoman state had to fight on many fronts, the troubled decades. Anatolia away from the Empire's troop deployment was being done on many fronts. Surely it is the most convenient way to train lines which are built in that period. Thus, in the perception of our people, who can not be found from the arrival of the trains has been literally müsebbip of separation. Turkish society, history and the accumulation of experience with the vastness has a unique spirit. In particular, his migration to its very different geographies and consequently the hardships faced prone to sadness and grief has led to the formation of a sensitivity. Sensitivity arising from all this perception in our society, in his daily life, his poems, songs, folk songs, to phrase, to lullabies, riddles were reflected. Thus, a rich cultural structures around trains and railway transport has occurred. In this study, train and rail transport literary influence our lives, especially our popular culture will be focused on me.

Kerkükî Abdüssettâr Efendi and Hıs Mi'râciyye

İsmail YILDIRIM — 2024-08-29

In the framework of tradition of Islamic Turkish literature, a lot of works were written about birth, moral life style, miracles, personality and death of the Prophet Muhammad. The works about His life were written as an independent work or author wrote a chapter of his work about the Prophet Muhammad’s miracles or qualifications in some forms of verse. Aproximately one year before Hejira, Mi’râc which happened on the 27th Rajab is composed of the Prophet Muhammad’s going from Al-Aqsa Mosque to Al- Haram Mosque through

Turkish Learners’ Motivation Resources And Problems Of Foreign Students At COMU TOMER

Fatih YILMAZ, Sevtap BUZLUKLUOĞLU ARSLAN — 2024-08-29

For many nations apart from their own language, learning a new language and use, is a necessity in every respect. Especially in today’s globalized world, where life is shaped by international relationships, learning a foreign language is of great importance. Although the Turkish language has been taught as a foreign and second language at various institutions all over the world, an adequate background of the Turkish language in the literature of foreign language teaching and learning does not exist. The most important and perhaps the least emphasis is on the "lack of motivation. The purpose of this study is to determine the motivating factors and motivational problems of Turkish language learners at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkish language Teaching and Research Center (ÇOMÜ-TÖMER). This is a descriptive study; data is collected through a questionnaire from the 111 foreign students learning Turkish at ÇOMÜ-TÖMER. The questionnaire is analyzed using frequencies, means and percentages. The result of the study reveals that the most important source of motivation of students is an intrinsic source of motivation.

The Tatar Dialect Language: Conditional And Subjunctive Moods

Ferit YUSUPOV — 2024-08-29

In the dialects of Tatar language the key indicator of the conditional mood is the form with –sa. It is like the nuclear element of diasystem. Apart from that, the form with –sa in several sub-dialects can be used as a predicate of the independent sentence, showing different shades of desire and command. The interaction of the conditional mood with other moods manifested in the ability of some forms of the indicative mood in conjunction with connective words such as ??? (?????), ?? to be used to express the condition of doing an action. The form with -?? may be combined with some impersonal verbs, modal verbs and particles. The isoglosses of combinations with -dı ise, -dı ki, -gan ise are localized mainly in the sub-dialects, which are spread in the territory of Ural and Trans-Ural region. After that it covers the trans-Kazan and mountain sub-dialects. They make the zone of vibration. The combination -dı ise typical for Tofalar and Tuvin languages. Speaking about the conditional mood we cannot say that the dialects of Tatar language has their own i

Requests In Turkish-Speaking Pre-School Children: A Classroom Discourse Perspective

Özge Gül ZEREY — 2024-08-29

In Ervin-Tripp’s (1984: 297) words, “by studying requests, we may find out what aspects of social relations are important to children” and to McTear (1985: 102), “request sequences are a potential arena for the negotiation of the social and psychological issues such as rights and obligations, willingness and ability”. In a pragmatic sense, delving into the nature of requests in child language may provide rich information on the way language is used in social interaction contexts. Hence, this paper is devoted to open out the door of a nursery classroom and investigate the types and forms of requests performed by three-way interactions: child-child, child-teacher and teacher-child and additionally search for any significant difference between the two age groups in the preferences of forms. The subjects were 40 Turkish children (mean ages=4;2 and 5;6) in two different classes and the teachers. Analysis of the naturalistic data indicated that the three groups mostly exploited request for action as the type, there existed a consistency between teachers in terms of form in both age groups, and children in two different age groups differed from each other with forms of requests they uttered in child-child interactions, proving a developmental progression from direct to indirect.

Türk Dili

Hanife ALKAN — 2024-08-29