Turkish Studies-Educational Sciences, Year 2013 Issue Volume 8 Issue 8

A Comparison On Godot Summary

Halil ADIYAMAN — 2026-07-16

A COMPARISON ON GODOT SUMMARY The top Works in World Literature are composed by the way of imitation or endorsement(zeyl) Samuel Becket’s absurd theatre “waiting for Godot “ is called as incongruous theatres in Turkish Literature.”Waiting for Godot” which was written by Cahit Atay resembles in many ways when compared about fiction,place,time and characters.In Turkish Literature Ferhan Şensoy also writes about this topic,but Cahit Atay doesn’t change the things about basic fiction.But when looking at the basic difference,Beckett’s work is based on the waiting for Godot ,while Atay doesn’t care about the fact of waiting for Godot.For Atay it doesn’t matter you can wait or not,but for Beckett Godot is an important thing to be waited.Godot who is waited to come in any time frightens people.It isn’t clear that who is Godot,what kind of things Godot bring or take away and what kind of character is Godot.For Atay ,Godot is figured as a character which carries humanistic features.Even if you can draw the portrait of Godot,Atay’s Godot is also an abstract character. In the Works which include different facts about places,the common place is based on the property of a foreign person.For special meaning in two Works which include different cultures and civilizations place differs. Cahit Atay talks about different thing like concrete?Environment and the matters of our time.About characters,he changes the names of them but he doesn’t change the mood and the attitudes of them.

Validity And Reliability Study Of Perceived General Student Quality Scale

Durdağı AKAN, İsa YILDIRIM, Sinan YALÇIN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to prepare a basis for future studies and contribute to the literature by developing a scale which reveals general perception of teachers regarding students of the school they work for. The fourty-item scale has been tested on a group of 50 high school teachers for the pilot study and administered on a group of 300 high school teachers during the actual study. The contribution of the scale, which meets expectations and is made up of a single dimension, to the total variance is 41.791 %. The study has shown that item-total score correlations range between ,387 and ,742 when the significance level is considered p<0.01and that the difference between item-average scores of the top and bottom 27% groups that have been formed based on the total score of the scale are at the significance level of p<0.01. Cronbach-alfa reliability score of the scale is ,959 and the split-half reliability is ,916.

Olmak Ya Da Olmamak Arzusu: Angela Carter’ın Doktor Hoffmann’ın Şeytani Arzu Makineleri Ve Elif Şafak’ın Mahrem Adlı Romanlarında Varlik Ve Hiçlik Arzusu

Banu AKÇEŞME — 2026-07-16

A highly acclaimed English novelist Angela Carter`s The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffmann (1972) (it will be referred to as Desire Machines from here on) and Elif Şafak`s Mahrem (2000) are the novels of desire. These novels yield several feminist and psychoanalytical readings clustered around gender, sexuality, repression and body politics because of their explicitly sexually-laden contents. Differently from the previous approaches applied to the analyses of these novels, this paper aims to explore how desire, as imaged by consciousness in a Sartrian term, has been problematized in both novels by delving into the relationship between desire, consciousness and imagination. Sartre explains that imagination or image function establishes an important dimension of consciousness. Sartre’s account of the constitution of the imaginary by consciousness in an attempt to satisfy desire provides insight into the nature of desire through the lens of phenomenological and existential psychology. From this perspective, Desire Machines and Mahrem can be read as the texts of the externalized consciousnesses of the two desiring male characters Desiderio and Be-ce as they imagine the possibilities of their beings to bring into existence their desired being through negation, nihilation and re/constitution.

The image of Germans in the Publications of the Turkish writer Haldun Taner

Nevide AKPINAR DELLAL — 2026-07-16

Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wurde versucht, viele Veröffentlichungen des türkischen Schriftstellers Haldun Taner im Hinblick auf sein Deutschlandbild auszuwerten. Schriftsteller beobachten, wie andere Künstler auch, die Umgebung, die Natur sowie gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen, doch im Unterschied zu anderen Menschen, erkennen und interpretieren sie Zusammenhänge, die von jenen nicht gesehen werden, und sie hegen den Wunsch, das Unbehagen und die Sorge, die sie in Bezug auf die Zukunft empfinden, nach außen zu tragen. Auch Haldun Taner gelingen in beiden Kulturen scharfe Beobachtungen und er bringt die Komponenten aus den zwei Kulturkreisen, die bei einem Künstler Unbehagen hervorrufen, zur Sprache. Haldun Taner thematisiert in seinen Werken die unterschiedliche Wahrnehmung der Welt seitens der türkischen und deutschen Gesellschaft, ihre jeweils verschiedenen Blickwinkel sowie die Probleme eines Dialogs zwischen diesen zwei Kulturen aufgrund von traditionellen Haltungen in beiden Ländern. Die türkischen Kulturelemente sowie das geschichtliche Erbe der Türkei vergleicht er am Beispiel von Deutschland mit der westlichen Kultur und führt den Lesern die Wechselwirkungen der beiden Kulturkreise und die Schwierigkeiten, die während dieser Interaktionen auftreten können, vor Augen. Man kann sagen, dass in der Art wie das Erzählte und die Beschreibungen, die das “Andere” bzw. die “Anderen” betreffen, dargebracht wird – negativ wie positiv- das Erzählte und die Beschreibungen eher in eine Anlyse von Vorurteilen und festen Bildern münden, als dass sie deren Merkmale nur aufzeigen. Das heißt, Taner stellt beide Kulturen in der Interaktion miteinader vor und er fragt nach den Ursachen für die Vorurteile beider Kulturkreise. In seinen Werken nähert er sich dem kulturbedingten Verhalten der Menschen ernsthaft und kritisch. Haldun Taner versucht in seinen Schriften zwar auch eine Synthese zwischen der östlichen und westlichen Kultur herzustellen, doch bringt er vor allem genuin türkische Werke hervor. In allen Werken Haldun Taners geht es um ein durch seine Deutschlanderfahrungen in ihm selbst ausgelöstes interkulturelles Lernen, sowie um die Erlangung eines daraus entstehenden weiten Blickwinkels.

Comparison Of Legends With Denial And Bride-Mother-İn-Law Turkish Poems İn View Of Humor

Bülent ARI — 2026-07-16

Comparison Of Legends With Denial And Bride - Mother-İn-Law Turkish Poems İn View Of Humor Abstract In our study, it has been revealed that why literary pruducts interact with each other is the fact that the main material in almost all of them is human being and his happiness, unhappiness, belief, suffering. Firstly; bride - mother-in-law Turkish poems and legends with denial, studied in our research, have been defined comprehensively in order to show their similarities. Then, in order to reveal the similarities of the two kinds in view of humor, a classification has been made, and these similarities has been tried to be revealed in categories such as exaggeration, caricaturization, using word games, slang and bad words, humoring by spats. The final part has been ended with conclusion and bibliography by stating the fact that art strength of legends with spats and mutual Turkish poems is much more than the others, because all strength of art is put forward for being dominant in these kinds of humors. Although, it both species there is a social problem on the basis of bride and mother-in-law to increase wits, to apply to various inventions for overcoming the rival side, by doing this it focuses on amusing those who are there. Cultural products such as this, maket hem think, hold them a mirror, help them to see themselves. As a result, it is emphasized that someone who says poem (mani) and “epic” uses the folk as amaterial.

Web Based Intelligent Tutoring System For Turkish Learning (Türkzös) And Evaluation

Nursal ARICI, Abdülkadir KARACI — 2026-07-16

E-learning is a learning model which is the product of developments in information technologies. This model provides advantages in order to enriche the learning contents with audio-visual items and to deliver this contents to the people at any time and any place on time. In language trainning ,particularly in English, the e-learning models are mostly used. This model is crucial in language learning and teaching area. With this awareness of the e-learning system in language learning and teaching area, a special e-learning system has been developed for the Turkish Language teaching named as TÜRKZÖS. In this article, the contributions of the develepod e-learning system has been introduced and explained with the opinions of the Turkish teachers and teacher candidates about the system. The purpose of the developing the TÜRKZÖS is to give assistance for the Turkish language learners and teachers by providing opportunities of information technologies. The system has been designed to serve through the Internet and it provides the opportunity to use enriched elements such as web, speech synthesis-recognition systems, animation, image and shape. The system supported by enriched elements is aimed to improve the basic skills such as reading, speaking , writing and listening in Turkish training. An another feature of TÜRKZÖS, is an intelligent tutoring system developed by using artificial intelligence tecniques. The features which makes the system intelligent are the followings: (i).It can introduce the loaded domain content adaptable to the student’s knowledge level and personal capability, (ii). It can lead and give intelligent assistance and suitable guidance to the student.TÜRKZÖS consists of eight compenents. Three of them are the standart compenents in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. The other compenents are the speech synthesis and the speech recognition which give the opportunity to arrange the activities to improve the reading and speaking skills and can be exercised by the students. Computer Adaptive Tests and student tracking compenents are the original models which have been developed with using the Artificial Intelligence techniquies. These compenents determine the level of knowledge and competencies, suggest suitable contents and gives assistance and guidence. Contents Management System provides assistance in preparation and managing the course syllabus. This component has got a flexible and convenient structure. By this way it can be possible to prepare and manage the course syllabus in Turkish teaching both as native and second language. In order to test the system some course contents have been prepared. This contents have been selected units and subjects suitable to the primary school 5- 6. Turkish classes. This contents have been used in introducing the system and getting their feedbacks of the Turkish teachers and canditaes teachers. The system can be reached on internet address http://turkzos.com .

Türk Heyetinin, Sovyetler Birliği Spor Teşkilatı Hakkında 1933 Yılına Ait Seyahat Raporu

Zehra ARSLAN, — 2026-07-16

The young Republic of Turkey paid attention to physical training system of Soviet Russia with whom she maintained relationship in terms of foreign policy since the years of War of Independence. Delegations were sent to Russia to investigate this system in 1930s. The aim was to establish the strategy to be adopted for physical training issue in Turkey. According to impressions of Turkish delegation, the year 1928 is a kind of revolution in Russia in terms of physical activities. This is due mainly to the declaration of central bureau of the party regarding improper functioning of physical training activities within the boundaries of the state. They expressed that this fact contradicted the party activities. That is why they constituted an investigation committee. The committee initiated its activities in Moscow Institute. The purpose of physical training in Soviet Union was not only sports. As it is inferred from the first five-year physical training plan and practices, educating staff who were capable of teaching, managing and imposing the principles of the party ideally was the basic objective of the physical training. Millions of laborers working in factories and the youth working in all of public institutions and army were tried to be directed towards sports and combined in these activities. Turkish delegations organized trips to Russia with the aim of investigation between years 1934 and 1937. It is clear that these reports had an effect on central structuring of Turkish Sports Institute in 1936 (after its foundation) and the foundation of Village Institutes in 1940. This study deals with physical culture system of Soviet Union in accordance with the impressions of Turkish delegation derived from their trip to Russia between 10th of July and 20th of August in 1933.

Pre-service Teachers' School Alienation

Öznur ATAŞ, Ahmet AYIK — 2026-07-16

In this study it is aimed to determine the factors effecting pre-service teachers’ perceptions on school alienation and their school alienation levels in different dimensions. For this purpose, descriptive survey model has been used in the study. University students who are studying at Atatürk University Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty constitute the population of the study. The sample group of the study consists of 680 students who are studying at various departments of Atatürk University’s Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty in 2011-2012 academic year. The data of the research has been collected with Faculty Alienation Scale. Obtained data has been analysed by SPSS. T-test has been used to determine whether pre-service teachers’ levels of school alienation differ depending on their gender and decision of choosing their branches; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to determine whether their levels of alienation differ depending on variables such as their departments, classes, their relationships with faculty members and their classmates and their attendance in social events. According to the findings of the study, male students have alienated to school more than female ones and the students who chose their departments with direction of others have alienated to school more than those who chose their departments on their own. Besides, it has been determined that senior students and the students of the Department of Secondary Science and Mathematics Education experience the sense of alienation more. Also, it has been found that those students who have weak friendships with their classmates and academic staff, and those who never attend social activities alienate to school more than the others. This study concludes that pre-service teachers’ genders, their decisions of choosing their departments, their relationships with faculty members and their classmates and the frequency of their attendance to social events are all effective on experiencing the sense of school alienation.

The Nihilist Characters surrounded by Denial and Denegation: Bazarov and Suat

Mustafa AYDEMİR — 2026-07-16

Nihilism which means the loss of the importance of values supports the idea that the man should use the innate instincts which he has. Only through this way will man be able to return to his origin getting rid of the ethical values and authorities of the society. Nihilism, expressing the way of thought in which the emotions of meaninglessness, emptiness and nonbeing is a life-style which accompanies a spiritual condition which appears when the values and ideals people depend on don’t perform their duties. Nihilism which first was used in Germany the first time was pointed out in the middle of the 19th century in Russia, is a philosophical approach which became widespread with Schopenhauer and finally became systemized with Nietzsche. When the faith of the authors who were influenced by Positivism was scattered they found themselves in Nihilism which they saw as a shelter. Turgenyev in Russian Literature and Tanpınar in Turkish literature utilizes such characters in their novels. In this study, the experiences of i

The Study Of Improving Scale On The Preservice Teachers’ Written Expression Self Efficacy

İ. Seçkin AYDIN, Hasan Özgür İNNALI , Muazzez BATAR , Huriye ÇAKIR — 2026-07-16

Writing is the least used tongue skill areaby person in daily life. People using the writing skill for different aims is an inevitable truth. Especially using tongue skills effectively in the institutions educating teachers caries an important role. The aim of this study is to improve a scale tool to assess self efficacy of preservice teachers’ writing expressions. According to the researches there is a meaningful relation between the the believes of self efficacy towards the the topic and the success towards the topic. The population of the study is the students of Dokuz Eylül University Buca Education Faculty and the sample of the study is the same faculty’s first and last classes. In choosing the sample, the stratified random choosing method was used. The scale which has 67 items was implemented to 418 women, 113 men, totally 601 first and last class students. For the analyses of the datas in the study, SPSS 17. 0. was used. To analyze the obtained data principal component analysis techniques were used. At the end the factor analysis 3 factors which have 54 items and explaining %44.7 of the total parameters were obtained. It was determined that the scale has internal consistency in the lower factors and the total scores. Reliability analysis was made by: item total correlation, testing the differences of up and down %27 groups’ by using t-test, Spearman Brown two half test correlation and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient calculation. For the general of the scale alpha (?) was found 96. The scale improved as the written expression self efficacy scale was determined that it is a reliable and valid tool for using to scale teachers’ self afficacy.

In Poet Biographies Expression Of Death A Passage To The Peaceful Spring Country

Abdullah AYDIN — 2026-07-16

Death is a peaceful spring country in a rhin Yahya Kemal Collection of biographies of poets the sources of Classic Turkish Literature inform about the poets’ life, character, literal personality and works. Though the number of collection of biographies in Turkish Literature has risen to forty, it will increase in number by new researches possibly. There are both books and articles about how some specific subjects are held on these works that involve the biographies of poets. Along with the informations about the poet’s character, physical appearance, family, educational background, job, marriage, children, date of birth, place of birth, place of death there are information about his poesy. In this study, how the death of the poets are expressed is researched inspring especially from the writers’ acting responsibly towards indicating the date of death. The distinctness is formed by examining former published works and identifying the samples which will complete them. Apart from the cause and time of death the words and word groups preferred for death knell are examined in terms of style. While the death of poets are expressed by some simple sentences as “died, expired, slaughtered” sometimes it is expressed in more artistic ways related to poet’s name, nickname, job and lifestyle. Especially the tenth topic with its under titles is important in terms of revealing new styles of expression. Death which we regard ordinary by saying “all livings born, live and die” and which is expressed in wholy Koran as “Külli nefsin zâikatü'l-mevt”, namely “every soul shall have a taste of death” is hold sometimes sadly but mostly in terms of its beauty. The writers have developed a literary pleasure on death.

Türkçe, İngilizce Ve Fransızca Açısından Luciene Tesniere’in Bağımsal Dilbilgisi

İlker AYDIN, Gülşen TORUSDAĞ — 2026-07-16

Luciène Tesnière’s Dependency Grammar whose roots may go back to Pânini’s grammar of Sanskrit several centuries before the Common Era forms the basis of the modern theoretical tradition of the Dependency Grammar. Dependency Grammar coming out against predication fact of the traditional grammar degrades the subject at the same level of the other elements of the sentence by taking predicate in the center. According to Tesnière’s Dependency Grammar, subject and object are actants and circumstances are complements. Tesnière’s model is based on the distinction between linear order and structural order of the sentence. The linear order that is one-dimensional is realized in speech and observable while structural order is multidimensional and hidden. For the representation of the structural order, Tesnière uses a graphical representation named as ‘stemma’. Stemma serves to visualize the vertical and horizontal relations within syntactic constructions. In this representation the predicate is the highest element of the hierarchic level. It governs the complements including the subject. The core constituents imposed by the predicate form the valency of this verbal predicate. In general the predicate can take a maximum of three arguments and thus this predicate is trivalent. But sometimes the valency of the predicate can be four. Some verbs such as ‘bet’ (Eng.), ‘bahse girmek’ (Tr.), ‘parier’ (Fr.) are considered to be a tetravalent verb. In addition, in the method of Tesnière the basic syntactic relations are connection, junction and transference. This method describes the hierarchical structure between the elements of the sentence. Dependency Grammar is suitable to represent the syntactic structure of the natural languages. In this study, while the principles demonstrated by Dependency Grammar are explained, two languages English end French, are tried to compare in a narrow frame in front of Turkish. As a result, this graphical representation has been observed to be suitable to represent the syntactic structure of the English, French and Turkish from different language families. While the English and French fallow SVO syntactic order, the Turkish fallows SOV order. But in this representation because the predicate is the governor of the sentence, these three languages represent the same aspect in the stemma.

Logistic Regression Analysis Approach To The Classification Of As Pre-Service Teachers’academic Success

Elif BAHADIR — 2026-07-16

This study aimed to determine to what level of accuracy can the variables such as pre-service teachers’ General Mathematics, Pure Mathematics, Analysis I, Analysis II, Geometry, Linear Algebra-I, Analysis3, Special Teaching Methods 2, Elementary Number Theory, Algebra, Problem Solving variables which level of classify the students’ performance in a graduate education achievements. The purpose of this research is to be able to make an effective prediction regarding the students’ success in post-graduate education with Logistic Regression Analysis (LRA) which is used as an effective prediction method in various sectors, as an alternative to traditional methods in the field of education. Relational screening model was employed in this study. 139 primary mathematics pre-service teachers who were selected randomly among students who are studying in or graduated from Marmara University, Educational Sciences Institute and Marmara University, Atatürk Educational Faculty and constitute the sample of this study. Logistic regression analysis technique was used because dependent variable had categorical structure. The results of the investigation showed that eleven variables included, were statistically significant. Estimates of teacher candidates' academic achievement in the process of performing undergraduate students received passing grades for the courses during their training, have been considered and the data of the Marmara University Faculty of Education students of Primary School Mathematics teacher used as predictive variables, tried to be prescribed by the achievements of the students for graduate education It was observed that with the given logistic regression model the rate of correct classification was 92%. The findings of the study reveal that 89,7% of the students who were successful in post-graduate education achievements, and 93,8% of students who were not successful was estimated with the correct classification.

Abbreviations In Turkish

Tahir BALCI — 2026-07-16

The fact that vocabulary of a language can be extended through conversion, word coinage, compounding, prefixing and suffixing is an issue that has been known and studied for a long time. However, one point that has been neglected with regard to extending the Turkish vocabulary is abbreviation. This study emphasizes that abbreviation is one way of word coinage and has made great contribution to the Turkish vocabulary. Firstly, two types of abbreviations are distinguished as textual and articulatory. Textual abbreviations are specific to written language. That is, they are not pronounced in the abbreviated form, rather in full phrase/word. For this reason, they are not new words and do not have lexical value. In contrast, the focus of this study is articulatory abbreviations which are accepted as a word coinage mechanism and thus, have lexical value. This type of abbreviations are

4th Grade Students' Using Metacognitive Reading Strategies Conditions and between the Relationship Reading Comprehension and Using These Strategies

Mustafa BAŞARAN — 2026-07-16

Aim of this study is to determine that 4th grade students' using metacognitive reading strategies conditions and the relationship between reading comprehension rates and using these strategies rates in this grade. The Research method of this study is relational scan that is a descriptive method. The universe of the study is 4th grade students, who attend state elementary schools in the center of Kütahya province in 2012-2013 academic season. The sample of study is 89 4th grade students, who were selected from this universe. The study consists of four parts. In the first chapter, Metacognition and metacognitive reading strategies are discussed. The method of study is explained in the second chapter. The findings and the comments are available in the third section. In the last chapter, there are the results of the study and the discussing of results. According to the results of study, 4th grade students’ use often before reading, during reading and after reading metacognitive reading strategies but students use fewer strategies for remembering. The gender of students has no significant effect on using metacognitive reading strategies However, the branch has significant effect on the rate of use metacognitive reading strategies. According to the results of the research there is not a significant relationship between using metacognitive reading strategies rates and understanding.

The Evaluation Of The 60-66 Months Old Primary School Students’ Personal Self-Care And Initial Reading And Writing Skills According To Teachers’ Views

Murat BAŞAR — 2026-07-16

Formerly, the kids used to begin primary school when they turn 72 months. However, the legislation was changed and promulgated on July 21, 2012 and numbered 28263. Students between the ages 60 months and 66 months began to get primary education via the consent of their parents along with the change made in the regulations of primary education institutions in the 2012-2013 Academic year. It is through this initiation that discussions concerning the inadequacy of the basic skills and learning disabilities have been made. Several reports were published. There were criticism from syndicates and charities, though all those criticism were before the process started. The present study, which was conducted in a qualitative way, aimed to evaluate primary school students’ initial reading and writing processes during their 60-66 months of age according to teachers’ views. The process between the students’ starting primary school and finishing the first year was tried to be evaluated according to the activities and their development. The sample of the study was made up of 26 classroom teachers working in Usak in 2012-2013 Academic year. It was revealed in the study that although students between the ages 60 months and 66 months experienced problems in their personal such as adaptation to the school, toilet training, self dressing and self eating self-care skills at the beginning of the semester, these students did not encounter these problems at the end of the semester. Likewise, it was found that students experienced problems in their writing and blackboard use skills when they first started the primary school. It was unearthed in the study that students overcame the problem of reading and writing at the end of 2012-2013 Academic year.

Investigate Of Teacher’s Self Efficacy Beliefs Of Physical Education And Sport Teacher Canditate’s

Makbule BAŞBAY, Atilay SEÇKİN — 2026-07-16

Teacher self-efficacy belief is one of the factors influencing professional success of teachers significantly. Regardless of a teacher‟s knowledge and skill in his field; if he does not believe he would practice his profession successfully, that teacher cannot be considered to be efficient in his profession. Teacher efficacy is significant for physical education and sports teachers as for other teachers, because physical education which is an integral part of and complementary for the general education is the education of the personality as well. The most significant role in establishing qualifications of a teacher is played by pre-service education of the teacher. The purposes of this study are to investigate self-efficacy esteem levels according to some variables and to suggest the relation between teacher self-efficacy esteem and attitudes toward the profession of teaching. The sample of survey consists of 558 physical education and sports teacher candidates under education in 1st and 4th grades at 10 state universities of different geographical regions. Personal information form, self-efficacy norm and attitude norm regarding teaching profession were applied to teacher candidates. “Pearson Correlation” method was used to determine the relation between percent average variables, “One Way ANOVA”, “F test” and Independent Samples t Test” was used for intergroup comparison in statistical analyses of the data. According to the findings of the survey, self-efficacy levels of physical education and sports teacher candidates were determined to be “highly sufficient”. It was determined that self-efficacy esteems of teacher candidates do not differentiate according to gender, grade level, mother‟s education level, sports branch, but significant differences emerged according to, wilful selection of the department, father‟s education level, status of regular exercising. A medium level positive correlation was found between self-efficacy esteem regarding the teaching profession and the attitude towards the profession.

The Analysis Of Metaphors That Primary School 4. Grade Students Developed For Cooperating Value

Mustafa BEKTAŞ, Buket KARADAĞ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to identify the metaphors that primary school 4. grade students have on the value of cooperation. In the present study, the phenomenon science model, which is one of the qualitative research models, is used. This study is applied on 259 primary school 4. grade students in three primary schools that are within the boundaries of the central district of Sakarya Province in 2012-2013 education year 2. period. Because of reasons such as lack of data and that cannot be read, this study is made from a total of 208 students consist of 98 female and 110 male students. The analysis of the metaphors that the students produced for “cooperating” value are made by the method of content analysis. The study consists of the analysis of obtained data, transferring the documents into electronic media and extracting, classification of the metaphors and their reasons, developing conceptual categories, reliability and validity studies and quantitative data analysis stages. Then the obtained results are interpreted by using tables. When the 84 metaphors that 208 students who participated in the study and developed for cooperating values are examined in terms of frequencies; they can be ranged as flower (17), friend (13), ant (13), pencil (10), hand (9), play (9), family (6), human (6), goods (5), and meal (5). The 84 metaphors that are developed by the students for cooperating value are being classified into conceptual categories by examing their subjects and sources. 7 conceptual categories are created from a total of 84 metaphors. According to the number of students that participated in these 7 conceptual categories are ranged as; cooperating as object (60), cooperating as person (45), cooperating as nature (33), cooperating as activity (28), cooperating as an animal (27), cooperating as a part of body (12) and cooperating as place (3). When the metaphor preferences are examined according to the students gender, while the female students flower (10) took the first place, ant (8) second place and friend (5) and play (5) third place, the male students preferences are; friend (8) in the first place, flower (7) second, and pencil (6) and hand (6) in the third place. When the study is examined in terms of conceptual categories that the students participated according to their gender, it is observed that the male students show a parallel ranging with overall total. When the created conceptual categories are arranged in terms of gender, while the categories according to the categories of female students are ranged as; cooperating as objec (28), cooperating as person (18), cooperating as nature (17), cooperating as animal (15), cooperating as activity (13), cooperating as a part of body (5) and cooperating as place (2); the catergories for male students are ranged as; cooperating as object (32), cooperating as person (27), cooperating as nature (16), cooperating as activity (15), cooperating as animal (12), cooperating as a part of body (7) and cooperating as place (1). Teachers may have an idea about the general meaning that the 4. grade students developed about cooperating value based on the results obtained in the study. Also, they may provide compilation of important information in the field of dissemination of value teaching by reaching a large working group and a large number of people in the determination of values. Teachers may give education that may provide application sufficiency for these kind of studies by using similar efficacy papers.

Analysis of Modelling Skills of Students by Set Problems

Abdullah Çağrı BİBER — 2026-07-16

According to the published report of International Mathematics Teaching Commission (ICM-14, the purpose of the mathematical modelling is to get the students to understand the mathematical concepts better, to teach solving the distinct problems and formulating them, to contribute them to have them recognise their critical and creative properties and develop a positive manner against Mathematics (Blum, 2002). NCTM (2000) emphasizes that the students in the classes should be given opportunities to use various modelling. Because, using mathematical modelling develops the students’ critical thinking, imagination and generalization capabilities (NCTM, 2000; Goldin, 2002). Since the solutions of set problems require modelling, it is assessed as an important training tool especially for the students in primary school level to make them gain and develop their modelling capabilities. Deriving from this view, the purpose of this study is to investigate in which level the primary school students use their mathematical modelling capabilities in the process of solving set problems, and how much they become narrow to the solution by modelling while solving a problem. This study has been performed with 21 students who are being trained in 6th class of a secondary school in the city center in North region of Turkey in 2012-2013 academic year. In the research, 4 open ended questions were used. The frequencies regarding the solutions of students and modelling capabilities and percentages were given as a table. The result of the study indicates that the students usually make the modelling correct in the process of solving problems which require modelling in sets, and however they do not have the required mathematical information and capability of for the solution of the problem. It is seen that the students also use the similar modelling as their teachers use while teaching the sets subject in the lesson, and they do the model drawings from memory. Therefore, students compose the required models for the solving of a problem absolutely unconsciously and as they take example by their teachers, from memory.

Two Poets: The Comparison Between Hafız and Fuzuli

Hamdi BİRGÖREN — 2026-07-16

The resources mentioning the Classical Turkish Literature state the Persian Literature’s influences on it. In order to diagnose the scales of this influence, some multi-faceted comparisons are needed. But before a detailed analysis, mentioning the names of such as Hafız-ı Şirazi, Firdevsî, Feridüddin Attar, Nizamî-i Gencevî, Sadî, Ömer Hayyam, Molla Câmî and Mevlana has an explaining character on this influence. Among these people Attar’s Tezkirretul Evliya (Biographies of the Saints) and Mantıku’t-tayr(The Conference of the Birds),Firdausi’s Shahnameh(The Book of Garden), Molla Cami’s Baharestan, rubaies Ömer Hayyam and Mevlana’s The Masnavi are known as having influences on the Turkish poets. However, it is not known that how much other poets have influences on and in what realms they were affective. So as to provide a contribution for an understanding, we want to make a comparison between the diwans(collection of the poems) Hafiz and Fuzuli. In order to understand the interaction between the ghazal poet of the Persian Literature, Hafiz Sirazi, and the great poet of the Turkish Literature, Fuzuli, it is favorable for us to take a glance at the social and political conditions in which they lived. After that, we want to talk about these poets’ successes in the realm of poetry by mentioning the lives and the literary personalities of them. Hafiz was a great Persian poet who lived during the 14th century, on the other hand Fuzuli was one of the great Turkish poets who lived during the 16th century. Of course, we are aware of the fact that there is no opportunity for us to compare the two great poets of the two different literatures in all aspects within an article. Therefore, in order to make general assessment, we are going to mention some points of the poems and present each poet’s one of the ghazals and their prose versions as examples. When the ages in which they lived in, the languages they wrote and the topics they mentioned are considered, it is going to be seen that more comprehensive studies are needed.

The Perception of Tolerance in Mawlana Jalal-ad-Din Rumi’s works and La Fontaine’s works

Fuat BOYACIOĞLU, Serap ERDAĞ — 2026-07-16

Even if the tolerance concept is a universal value, virtue and a moral element, it may vary according to the culture and the geography. This notion forming the at the essential many philosophical currents, social movements and human right studies throughout history, especially is treated in the literary works for centuries and is conveyed to other generations as the fundamental feature of human relationships. In this study, the “tolerance” perception of Rumi, an Islam scholar and writer, and La Fontaine, French story writer and fabulist is discussed. Rumi’s and La Fountaine’s lives, ideas and the literary genres that they pioneer are dealt within this perspective.

Une Etude Sémantique Sur La Polysémie Et La Commutation : Le Cas Des Verbes De Perception En Français

Fulya BOYRAZ — 2026-07-16

Dans ce travail, nous avons distingué l’expression linguistique de la perception d’une phénoménologie de la perception et nous n’avons étudié que les “verbes de perception”. Il faut noter justement ici que les verbes dont le contenu sémantique désigne le perceptible (comme puer, luire…) sont très différents des verbes qui imposent l’achèvement de la perception (voir, entendre…) et des verbes dont la signification implique une intention précise (regarder, toucher, écouter…). Dans ce cadre, ces premiers sont écartés de cette étude. Cet article vise à aborder les problèmes engendrés par la polysémie et la commutation. Nous avons suivi une démarche sémantique et discursive en vue d’observer les acceptions de ces verbes et d’exposer les sous-catégories en tenant compte de la richesse d’expression que fournissent ces verbes. Il est possible de définir la commutation comme fait de substitution d’un mot par un autre lorsqu’ils sont polysémiques ou lorsqu’ils renvoient à la même zone de signification. Bien que les verbes de perception en français soient polysémiques, il n’est pas difficile de relever le sens discursive en tenant compte du contexte et la commutation peut se faire selon les possibilités du contexte. Toutefois, il y a des cas où ces verbes sont employés pour désigner plutôt le résultat d’une activité intellectuelle et ils recouvrent dans ce cadre, la signification du verbe “comprendre”. Le fait qui ne permet pas tojours une commutation entre ces verbes et qui pose certains problèmes didactiques, surtout pour expliquer le sens linguistique et la valeur discursive dans l’enseignement du français langue étrangère.

Investigation of Manuscript Legibility Produced by students in the Process of Early Writing-Reading in Turkey and Bulgaria

İbrahim COŞKUN — 2026-07-16

The successful transfer of thoughts and emotions that speaking and writing skills, know-how requires a number of skills and knowledge. This accumulation of knowledge and skills in the elementary foundations are being laid. One of the expressive language skills writing is from skills of the i

Investigating The Level Of 60-66, 66-72, 72-84 Month-Old Children’s School Readiness And Acquisition Of Literacy Skills

Muhittin ÇALIŞKAN, Fatih GÜNDÜZ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to investigate the level of 60-66, 66-72, 72-84 month-old children’s scholl readiness and acquisition of literacy skills. The Metropolitan Readiness Test and The Assessment Form of Literacy Process were used to collect the data. An interviews was made in order to determine the opinions of teachers on the level of 60-66, 66-72, 72-84 month-old children’s scholl readiness and acquisition of literacy skills. The participants were 205 children (105 of whom were females and 100 of whom were males). The results obtained in the study are as follows: 1. All groups have school readiness at medium level. 2. The level of 72-84 month-old children’s school readiness was higher than other groups. 3. 66-72 and 72-84 month old children’s “the assessment form of literacy process” scores was higher than that of 60-66 month-old children. 4. The level of 72-84 and 66-72 month-old children’s acquisition of literacy skills was higher than that of 60-66 month-old children. 5. According to the teachers’ views, there were no observed difference in the dimension of cognitive. But there were observed some difficulties 60-66 and 66-72 month-old children. This difficulties were observed in 60-66 month old children intensely.

Alternative Models In Usage Of Information And Communication Technologies In Education: A Research On E-University And Open Education Resources

Serhat ÇOBAN — 2026-07-16

This study focuses on the potential which was created by using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education. In this context, the study analyzes the origins and improvement process of e-university and open education resources. It could be said that as long as the computers and internet emerged, digitizing of education has become more common. The first examples of digital technologies in education were exercised in United States of America (USA) and acquired another dimension with the concept of e-university. In this study, the characteristics and the potential of e-learning -which was also called ‘university without walls’- are discussed in details. Moreover, the study focuses on open education resources, which were developed from the usage of digital technologies in education and the open access journal initiative, open text-book initiative and open courses materials are also discussed. The study also examines the dynamics and development process of Open Course Ware (OCW) Project, which was launched by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in April 2001. It could be said that rise and process of OCW has developed in different motives than other open-access approaches. Particularly, it is seen that, the project led by MIT aims to emphasize the superiority of the university and besides its educational meaning, it is conducted as a public relations project to increase the brand value of MIT by opening its resources to the world. Apart from attempts to make the university more attractive, the project leads to diminish the opportunity gap in education by providing course schedules, methods and materials which has no copyright.

The Use of Presentation Software 'PowerPoint' as a Teaching Method in Foreign Language Learning

Yasemin DARANCIK — 2026-07-16

Today, the importance and neccessity of visual materials in education of foreign languages have become an incontrovertible fact.Visual materials or elements make the students comprehend the subject better and keep it for a long period. There are many studies concerning the issues like the use, the importance of visual materials in foreign language education and the impact on students. In this article, it is tried to set forth how powerpoint presentations and slide programms, which are visual materials, should be prepared, what shoud be taken into consideration while preparing visual materials in teaching foreign languages and how they contribute to the four basic skills which are of great importance. Presentations, which are in German, are prepared by the students of fourth grade who are teacher candidates in the lesson of ’YDA-417 The Use of Visual Materials in Teaching German‘ in the department of German Language Teaching at the University of Çukurova and the target group is determined as the children. In the first part of the study, it is mentioned about the condition and importance of powerpoint presentation in education and in the subsequent parts of the study it is tried to reveal and emphasize as how the presentations, which are prepared, contribute to the four basic skils; reading, listening, speaking and writing that should be taken into account in foreign language education. It is also pointed out as how the students shape their presentaions considering the four skills. The presentations, prepared by the students, were converted into animation programmes and visualized by uploading on Youtube which is a website where people keep videos. When students presentations were evaluated, it was observed that those presantations were prepared considering the four basic skills in foreign language education and meanwhile students’ knowledge of German were developed, the basic German subjects were revived in minds and it was also observed that the students apprehended how to teach German in the future better. In the preparation phase of the presentations, the teacher candidates have not only grasped the neccessary elements from the German grammar and culture beside the four basic skills but they have also conveyed them to the children who are the target the target group.

The Image Of Heretic As Other And Another In Ottoman Poetry

Recep DEMİR — 2026-07-16

THE IMAGE OF HERETIC AS OTHER AND ANOTHER IN OTTOMAN POETRY Imagology deals with the examination of the images in national literatures related to other societies in general. On reflecting the impressions about different communities in the Ottoman poetry sometimes custom name of that society and sometimes expressions like ‘heretic’ were used. In fact, this image like many elements of Divan poetry was inherited from Persian poetry. But it is possible to get clues from these texts about Ottoman poets and readers thinking on the plot of ‘us’ and the ‘other’. Heretic is used as an adjective describing a very dear and types of rivals, often it evokes negative connotations. This usage is not based on real experiences and it is in the form of generic and subjective judgments. It is normal to define the opposite with such shallow generalizations in societies having conflict with each other. In fact, the Muslim communities in European literature have been used an othering discourse. In addition, the image of heretic does not always infer a negative meaning in Ottoman poetry. Buildings made of non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire commonly believed to be solid, fabric and mirrors from Europe often expressed with appreciations. These images are more realistic because they occur on certain experiences. Also the image of physician in Divan poetry does not refer to the other although it is non Muslim. The image of heretic is also used in relation to unclear papers and on some of the traditions of non-Muslims, these are also based on experiences and observations.

The beginnings of the Sufism

Hüseyin DEMİR — 2026-07-16

The concept of asceticism, which has evolved over time, rests on the idea of taking a clear stand for a specific lifestyle that favors abstinence and restraint. What was first practiced by Prophet Muhammad who lived a humble lifestyle devoid any exhibitionism was later widely spread among his companions. As such, this kind of lifestyle conformed to the Quranic concepts of purification and piety (taqwa). Building on the belief that worldly life is only temporary, asceticism calls for resisting and not giving in to worldly pleasures and temptations. Against the background of a number of hardships and moral deviations encountered by Muslim societies, it was to bring forward the movement of Sufism towards the end of the second Hijri century. Sufism started to obtain the characteristics of a mass movement from the twelfth century onwards and organized itself in tariqas simultaneously starting to provide guidance to society in religious and social terms. These tariqas whose evolution and activities can be traced back in time were to split into various subgroups over the centuries, each of them following the same goal of getting closer to Allah. This piece of writing explores the causes that gave birth to the tariqas, depicts their evolution and main objectives, and examines their different manifestations. Twelve different tariqas are analyzed comparatively against a set of criteria including, for example, the role and form of dhikr (remembrance of Allah).

The Language of Advertising in German and Turkish. A linguisitc study

Nihan DEMİRYAY — 2026-07-16

The aim of this paper is to show with selected advertisements which kind of lexical, rhetorical and stylistic devices are used by the company Vichy for the successful advertising of their products. To show this, two advertisements of Turkish and German magazines and newspapers are used for an analysis. The analysis is done after the model by Nina Janich (Werbesprache 2003), regarding the two of three levels of analysis. The levels of synthesis are not referred to due to the fact that a discussion of these levels is not necessary for obtaining revealing results. The first part is a description of selected categories which are important for the linguistic and visual creation of advertisements. Relevant topics for the language of advertising, e.g. lexis, idiomatic expressions, etc. are discussed in detail. The analysis of the two advertisements is done in the second part of the paper. The advertisements were examined with regard to their linguistic creation and use. The aim was to find similarities and differences between the Turkish and German cosmetic advertisements of Vichy. In the last part a discussion and a summary of the achieved results, which were obtained in the analysis, are done.

THE EMSĀL Ü NESĀYİH-İ TÜRKÌ AND ITS VOCABULARY

Talip DOĞAN — 2026-07-16

The proverbs that connected to lots of fields such as history, folklore, sociology, psychology, philosophy and morality are very important language characteristics in terms of expression beauty, eloquence and conceptual richness. The proverbs which usually consist of one sentence with a brief language have the power of expressing the wide range of meanings. When said in the right time, these sayings give power to the thought and we can see that they are made use of the music of language. All kinds of events about the life with every aspects and colorfulness are present in proverbs, the products of oral literature. So we can see the religious, moral, understanding, common values, mental state, imagination and intelligence glitters of Turkish nation. Also it is seen that sayings in the proverbs have become stereotyped with the blend of national language and thought in the process of history. Emåal ü Ne?ayi?-i Türkì was written by Mìrza ‘Eline?ì Meragì in Meraga city of Iran Azerbaijan in 1910. In the Emåal ü Ne?ayi?-i Türkì, there are proverbs ordered according to letters lined up of Arab Alphabet. In this manuscript it is important that the proverbs were written by saving the dialect characteristics. In this study, vocabulary of proverbs in the Emåal ü Ne?ayi?-i Türkì have been examined. Thus, some words in the work have been compared with historical and modern Turkish dialects.

Development Course Of Comparative Literature Studies In Modern Turkish Literature

Ali DONBAY — 2026-07-16

This study investigates the works created within the Modern Turkish Literature era comparing them with one another and with their foreign counterparts as well. İn the first Section ‘Comparative Literature’ is briefly evaluated as a term and concept. In the second section development progress of modern Turkish Literature is evaluated. In the third section the main studies pertinent to the field of Modern Turkish Literature citations are listed. The bibliography is selected from the written or translated books, articles, encyclopedias, identification papers, symposium/congress documents, interviews etc.

Ontological Comparison Of “Cihanda Türk” And “Şarkimiz” Poems

Salim DURUKOĞLU — 2026-07-16

According to Gustave Lanson, since three-quarters of personality of even the most authentic authors is composed of borrowed elements as the synthesis of past generations and literary movements; the horizons of every poet or writer involve other literary texts written previously by other poets or writers. In a mythological context, the only person who knows whether something has been uttered before is Hz. Adem or his spouse Hz. Havva. Civilization is defined as the greatest synthesis of thought humanity has attained. It is not possible that an author would not confront with other authors, discover and appropriate them just like it is not possible for cultures which do not confront other richer cultures and civilizations and benefit them to develop and advance to the level of civilization. Within these network of relations, we can arrive to the deduction and definition that authorship (poesy within the scope of our text) is the greatest synthesis of thought an author attains. The interaction between writers is both normal and interesting enough to consider, and an important field of study in comparative literature. In this paper, the poem Cihanda Türk (Turk in the world) by Bekir Sıtkı Erdoğan and Şarkımız (Our song) by Necip Fazıl Kısakürek were compared from an ontological perspective. In the paper short history of comparative literature was given and meaning strata in literary work was summarized according to ontological method and then for the comparison, first the publishing processes of the poems were handled; thus authentic texts were reached; next assessments were done by analyzing the literary strata interwoven in the literary work as entity strata such as sound strata, meaning strata, and different schematic views strata. As a result, the boundaries of similarities between two poems were detected without aiming at grading or degrading them; general conclusions were made about which of the concepts such as allusion, imitation, quotation, indirect citation or plagiarism, parallel these concepts are closer..

Descriptions And Classifications About Teşbih (Simile) In The Books Of Eloquence

Muhittin ELİAÇIK — 2026-07-16

Teşbih is a literary term of which root comes from şibh and its plural is teşbihat. One of the most important element of poem and fine arts is teşbih. In our classic literature the cheek of darling is resembled to rose, hair to hyacinth, scar to fülfül and many original drams and wits are put forth. In Ottoman, some criteria as dreams, wits and talents that tezkire authors used in their poem and poet assessments include Teşbih so much. Actually, as a basic art, the root of isti’âre is teşbih. Poem is an art and it cannot be thought that art can be done without teşbih. A deep dream or a rich meaning can be possible many times with thr richness of teşbih. Thus, in Ottoman, one of the most detailed narreted subject is teşbih in eloquence books and there is made pages and pages explanations. At the same time there is seen many differences on definition and classification of teşbih art in these books. For instance, in some articles, absolute, constitutional, allusion, miracles etc are described. In other articles, these species could not described and this condition is found about the article of the source. Nowadays, mentioned for teşbih species like belîğ, mücmel, mürsel, müekked cannot be seen in many eloquence articles. Thus, it should be examined and compared specific eloquence articles. The aim of this article is to examine and compare. Definition and classification about chosen specific articles are handled in this article.

A Comparatıve Content Analysıs: Study Of Sokaktaki Adam And Gazi Paşa’s Novels

Bahar ERİŞ KARAOĞLAN — 2026-07-16

All the facilities of a language which is directly reflected in the existence domain of literary works, authors independent or dependent on the author, various methods are examined. Methods show us, is how the author's narrative. Content analysis/concept analysis method is one of these methods. Content analysis solutions, transcribing the text or the mass media, a systematic, objective way. Different opinions had been raised about the method to be quantitative or qualitative. Some researchers think that both of them have benefited from each other. When we analyze the steps of the method is the first step in determining the sample job. Then categorized in whole or text. Each category is

A Morphological Study On The Twenty Arabic Roots Which Have The Hightest Derivation Power In The Turkish Vocabulary

Hamza ERMİŞ — 2026-07-16

There are many borrowed words from the other languages in the Turkish vocabulary. Arabic Language takes place on the top in these laguages. In this study, twenty-Arabic roots whose morphological patterns have been borrowed by Turkish mostly, have been dedected and their frequency lists have been made. Word families of these dedected roots have been shown with its Arabic, Turkish and transcribed spellings in the tables. Then these words have been classified according to Arabic morphological features and introduced in order of frequency.

Teachers' Teaching Style Preferences: A Comparison of Turkey and the USA

İlke EVİN GENCEL — 2026-07-16

It has been accepted that teacher is the most important pattern in classroom for student achievement and effective curriculum. Teachers’ teaching style preferences are the key part of teaching- learning process. The two main aims of this study were to examine teachers’ teaching style preferences and to compare the teaching style preferences of teachers in Turkey and the USA. Teaching Style Inventory (TSI) which developed by Grasha (1996) and adopted to Turkish by Uredi (2006) was used to investigate Turkish teachers’ (N=283) teaching style preferences, and the original TSI was used for describing American teachers’ (N=229) teaching style pereferences. Relational survey method was used in the research. The data were collected by convenient sampling and all the teachers from both countries participated voluntarily in the answering of questionnaires. Frequency, percent distribution and Chi Square test were used to analyze data. Findings indicated that there were significant differences in teaching style preferences of the USA and Turkish samples of teachers. In the USA sample, the most preferred teaching style is delegator/facilitator/expert, while the least preferred teaching style is expert/formal authority. In the Turkey sample, the most preferred teaching style is facilitator/personal model/expert, while the least preferred teaching style is personal model/expert/formal authority. The second teaching style perefence of Turkish teachers was formal/authority.

Metaphorical Perceptions Of Prospective Teachers Regarding Foreign Language

Mehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZ — 2026-07-16

Teaching a foreign language has been included in curriculum at every education stage and it has been given priority for the i

A Study On Developing Anattitude Scaletowards Computer-Asistedgeography Teaching

Nevzat GÜMÜŞ, Salman ÖZÜPEKÇE — 2026-07-16

This study aimed to determine the students' attitudes towards computer-assisted teaching of geography to develop a Likert-type attitude scale. For this purpose, an experiment was prepared form and that form within the boundaries of the districts of Izmir Karabağlar and Balçova consisting of general, anatolia and vocational high school students in four schools implemented a total of 442. Firstly, prepared in the form of factor analysis of the scale trial results are evaluated, then the item analysis were carried out. According to factor analysis, the scale has been observed to occur in two different structures. These two structures are named as "Geography Lesson Attitude" and "Attitude Towards Computer Aided Teaching Geography” according to expert opinions and literature. The analysis results, in line with the value of the load factor on some items 0.40 at the high load factor is below the value of both was acquired. This data is separated from the scale as a result of the factor analysis was repeated 8 items. Test-half Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient was obtained by the method according to the results, the attitude of the scale 1 The size value 0.95, 2 size was calculated 0.92. 1, corrected item-scale correlations of the items size, 0.40 to 0.79; 2 size between the values of 0.73 to 0.43. Spearman-Brown method, according to the results of the scale 1 size 0.948; 2 If the size is calculated as 0.919. Reliability and validity of the scale was completed, the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of 0.948 in the first dimension, the second dimension 0928 respectively. All analysis procedures as a result of two dimensions and 47 items and BDCÖ-TÖ has been finalized.

The Importance of Education In the Individual Development and the Development of the Society In the Novels of “Gerçek” and “Yeşil Gece

Rıfat GÜNDAY — 2026-07-16

In the novel Gerçek by Zola and in the novel Yeşil Gece by Güntekin it is aimed to put an end to the reign of the sultanate and kingdom, the adoption of Republic regime, the abolition of of the power of the church and caliphate over the governance and the decrease their pressure ov er the society, the adoption of the contemparary education rather than the one dominated by the medresa and the church and the education supported by the state, and putting an end to the education of the i

Comparison Of The Novel Of George Orwell Called ‘Bın Dokuz Yuz Seksen Dort’ And Novel Of Cengiz Aytmatov Called ‘Gun Olur Asra Bedel’ Within The Context Of ‘Thoughtcrime’

Feyza İSLAMOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Gün Olur Asra Bedel, in which Cengiz Aytmatov told about past, present and future of life that are three separated period of time narrated ironically vision of world in which unrighteously and monotony life have been imposed on, dealing with mind evanescence that is common result for all mentioned period, different time and conditions. And Bin Dokuz Yüz Seksen Dört, novel of George Orwell who is one of the important writers of English literature, mentioned about struggle of demanding justice and rustiness of consciousness that is the result of being subjected to sovereign and criticised that the pressure of the management on people and its regime tried to carry out. Oppressive regime and injustice that are the common subject in both of the novels, impossed physical or mental rustiness of people as solution. In the novels, the system defending that the people must struggle just to keep the state alive and banning any autonomous thought and behaviour has been criticized. Mentioned system abolished free thought and privacy completely, put machine system that has been directed by sovereign to the centre of life and imposed standart mentality. Bin Dokuz Yüz Seksen Dört that is a dystopia stray from Gün Olur Asra Bedel by virtue of its this structure. Both of the novels that attract attention in parallelism of historical process, dealed with thoughtcrime and presented similar results in different conditions. In this study it has been tried to research similarities and differentnesses in Bin Dokuz Yüz Seksen Dört that is a dystopia and Gün Olur Asra Bedel that includes utopia in it within the frame of causation.

Examining The Level Of Proficiency In German Speaking Skills Of Preservice German Teachers

Bahar İŞİGÜZEL, Tahsin AKTAŞ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of proficiency in German speaking skills of preservice German teachers. The participants of the study consist of 335 preservice German teachers from nine higher education institutions in Turkey during the 2012–2013 education year. The research data was collected through “German Speaking Competency Survey”, which prepared considering the speaking skills criterion of the Common European Framework (CEFR). The survey contains 65 items, where the three levels (A basic, B independent, C proficient) for the speaking skills criterion of the Common European Framework was involved. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the survey was 0.96 for level A, level B 0.94, level C 0.93 and for all levels 0.88. The study results reveal that preservice German teachers had an advanced level proficiency in German speaking skills for the level A (basic) and for the levels B (independent) and level C (proficient) they had an intermediary level proficiency in German speaking skills. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between preservice German teachers` level of proficiency in German speaking skills and independent variables, which are gender, age, academic average and the kind of the graduated high school. There was only a significant difference between preservice German teachers` level of proficiency in German speaking skills and choice of the test language of the university entrance exam. Therefore, suggestions will be offered based on the results of the study.

Basic Vocabulury In Context Comparison Of Perspective Lingua-Structure And Culture Most Frequently Used Fifty Actions In Turkish And German In The Frame Of Statement-Action Theory

Faik KANATLI — 2026-07-16

It is a common point linguists and language trainers agree on that basic vocabulary plays a determinant role in both native and second language acquisition and teaching. Another point on which those scientists agree is that language acquisition and teaching is also an acquisition and teaching of culture. By leading aforementioned assumptions, in this study, most frequently used fifty verbs in Turkish and German will be classified according to statement-action theory and compared in terms of lingua-structure and culture. Through the comparison based on frequency and statement-action theory, this study aims to make inferences that will probably contribute to both teaching German to Turkish speaker as a foreign language and teaching Turkish to German speaker as a foreign language. The study will be built on data from Tschirner 2008 and Ozkan 2012. Correspondence and non-correspondence between Turkish and German will be interpreted and justified in most frequently used first fifty verbs. Main thesis of the study is that determination and comparison of most frequently used fifty verbs in native and foreign language will be effective in teaching basic vocabulary gradually through action focused grammar (Valanzgrammatik). Another emphasis of the study is that sequencing of first fifty verbs reflects the cultural priority of native speakers. Findings and inference of the study Turkish education, Turkish education as a foreign language and foreign language education is expected to contribute. Findings and inference will be based on progressive teaching of the word. In this regard, this study may resolve some of the shortcomings in the literature.

The Effects Of Critical Reading-Writing Training On Turkish Language Teacher Candidates’ Turkish Course Planning And Practice Skills

Ayşegül KARABAY — 2026-07-16

In this study, the effect of critical writing training on the academic achievement of writing, and the critical writing levels of the prospective teacher in the “Presentation Techniques I: Writing Instruction” course in the third-grade was tested. This research was conducted with 61 third-grade prospective teacher studying at the Department of Turkish Language Teaching at Mersin University, which is in Mersin and at Çukurova University, which is in Adana. The research was performed in an experimental group and in a control group. The implementation process lasted for ten weeks. Critical writing training program was applied in the experimental group and traditional method was followed in the control group. The classes in the experimental group were given by the researcher and the classes in the control group were given by the respective academician. As the data collection tools, “Writing Achievement Test” and “Critical Writing Achievement Test” which were designed by the researcher, herself were used in the research. “Writing Achievement Test” and “Critical Writing Achievement Test” were used as a pre-test and a post-test in the experimental and control groups. Besides, semi-structured interview forms were also used to determine their thoughts about the implementation the program. In the research, the quantitative data was analyzed through co-variance analysis and the significance level was considered as p<.05 in the analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed by content analysis. A significant difference in favour of the experimental group was found between the experimental group and control group in terms of mean scores of post-test when the total pre-test scores taken from the writing achievement test were taken under control. Next, a significant difference in favour of the experimental group was found between the experimental group and control group in terms of mean scores of post-test when the pre-test scores taken from the critical writing achievement test were taken under control. The teacher candidates who were interviewed told that they found the implemented program effective with regards to meet the goals and useful since they could transfer it into their daily lives.

Prospective Teachers’ Opinions On Cooperative Learning Practices

Mehmet Nuri KARDAŞ — 2026-07-16

Cooperative Learning is a method of drawing attention in terms of providing ease of practice in teaching activities, being economical and applicable to all ages and groups. The method highlighting student-centered learning, learning by doing and experiencing has been used in developed countries since the 1960s. The method that has been used recently in our country is noteworthy because of the advantages and its positive results. The purpose of this study is to determine the prospective primary education teachers’ opinions on cooperative learning practices. The study group of this research consists of 25 prospective teachers who are first-year and evening education students at Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Education in the department of Primary School Teaching in the fall semester of 2010-2011 academic year. In this study, qualitative research methodology has been used. Standardized interviews form was used as a means of data collection. The form generated with seven open-ended questions by the views of experts was applied to prospective teachers after the 14-week cooperative learning practices. Thematic content analysis was used to evaluate the data obtained from the interview form. The results of analysis have shown that the vast majority of prospective teachers have a positive outlook for cooperative learning practices. According to this, prospective teachers stated that cooperative learning prepares them in social life, they take active roles in the fulfillment of their responsibilities, they thought cooperative learning is enjoyable and instructive, this method should be used in other courses as well, It also keeps the motivation in courses high; when compared to traditional method, cooperative learning is more effective, this method meets the learning needs ;thanks to this method, they do group discussions by expressing their criticism and suggestions to each other without hesitation related to courses and practices, they found evaluation processes positively, the exams don’t cause stress on the students due to the cooperative method used as a learning tool.

The Problem of Self-Selection and Selective Sense of Humanity in the Short Short Story of "A Very Ancient Dream"

Fatih KESKİN — 2026-07-16

The first examples of short stories can be traced back to ancient times. Since then mankind has been creating various sorts of short short stories. Nevertheless, the discovery of this genre in both Turkish and World Literature by wide audiences has been relatively new. The genre owes its increasing popularity as a narrative style to the modern times. The weariness and boredom of the modern man in the mechanical functioning of everyday life and the anxiety of mankind on the existential level has found its voice in the genre of short short story, and short short stories have become a medium of narrative that reflected the zeitgeist of the modern times. Imbued with a sensitivity on a philosophical level, “A Very Ancient Dream”, a short short story written by Michel Leiris, reveals the dilemma of the modern man who has gradually been selfish, isolated and emotionally suffocated. The story touches upon several elements of the existentialist philosophy such as prioritizing i

Comparison of the 1826 Turkish Bible in Greek Characters and the 1827 Turkish Bible in Arabic Characters in terms of Inflectional Affixes

Mustafa KILIÇARSLAN — 2026-07-16

Bible is a holy book that has been, throughout the history, translated several times to Turkish, as well as all other languages of the world. The history of the Turkish translations of the Bible into is nearly as old as the Bibles in English, French and German. It is known that the Bible, also referred to as the New Testament, was initially translated into Ottoman Turkish between the years of 1662 and 1665 by Ali Bey, the head translator of Sultan Mehmed the Fourth (Wojciech Bobowski). In the following years, also printed Turkish translations of the Bible can be seen. The oldest of these was based on the Translation of Ali Bey and was published in 1819, Paris. Besides the translations of the Bible into Ottoman Turkish with Arabic characters, there are also less known translations made with Greek characters. In this study, at first a Greek characters Turkish Bible of 1826 and an Arabic characters Turkish Bible of 1827 were introduced. Then, the two texts were compared in terms of the inflectional affixes in the First Part of the Gospel of Marcos. At this stage the inflectional affixes in both of the texts were compared and it was tried to set forth the case with the provision of sufficient examples. At the end of the study the translations and the facsimiles of the related part of the Bible are presented. Although there are a few number of researchers conducted on the linguistic of the Turkish translations of the Bible, it is reported in some sources that the Bibles in Greek characters exhibit the same linguistic properties with the Bibles written in Ottoman Turkish with Arabic characters. However, in consequence of the research conducted within the scope of the present study, it was determined that this is not correct and despite the fact that there is only one year difference in printing, the two Turkish Bibles have significantly different linguistic characteristics. With the consideration of this point, it was determined that the Bibles in Greek characters should be accepted to be written in Karamanli Turkish language, as it is the case for many texts with Greek characters.

Impact Of Teaching Grammar Through Text On 11th Grade Students’ Grammar Achievement In German Lessons

Bülent KIRMIZI — 2026-07-16

The main aim of this research is to find how teaching grammer through text in German lessons affects students’ grammer success and to find if there is a significant difference between this method and traditional teaching method. A multible choice test including 20 questions has been prepared to measure the ability of the students on defined grammer subjects. There are two Anatolian High Schools included for this research. There is no significant difference between these schools ‘ grammer knowledge. Piri Reis Anatolian High School is control (checking) group; Adana Anatolian High School is sample group of this research. As application material ‘’Grammatik Geschichten‘’ (Aral & Haase,2011) book had been used. Texts with the name of ‘’Mein Alptraum‘’ and ‘’die Lüge‘’ had been choosed. These texts are suitable texts for target grammer rules. Some activities related to these texts had been prepared and applied to sample group during 12 hours. SPSS 11,5 program had been used on the analysis of data collected by applying the last test for both groups. Data obtained had been resolved by using t-test. As a conclusion, it is detected that students in sample group are more successful than the students in control group. In secondary education German grammar teaching courses, texts should be more of a use. Text-based method and other methods in grammar teaching should be compared and the influence on the success of students should be investigated.

Names Of Food And Drink In "Knowledge For Wealth" (Kutadgu Bilig)

Elif Şebnem KOBYA — 2026-07-16

Kutadgu Bilig written by Yusuf Has Hacib in the 11th century, tells about the path to be followed in order to be happy both in this life and hereafter. The work consists of dialogues of four characters. This characters are; Kün Todgı (Justice), Ay Toldı (Happiness), Ögdilmiş (Reason), and Odgurmış (Result). In the dialogues of these four characters, we come across with various cultural elements. The work is precious in terms of reflecting cultural properties as well as being important in terms of literature. Change in the life style of the settled Turks has also been reflected on their culture. Eating and drinking habits of Turks, who are engaged in livestock and agriculture, manifests difference in this sense. In human life, nutrition is the most important primary need. From primitive times on, food is the vital life source. Eating and drinking habits of each culture differs according to their life conditions. Concordantly, in Kutadgu Bilig, table set up, a part of culture, appears with names of food and drinks related to kitchen culture, as well as with given banquets. In this study, named of food and drinks are identified and their usage is determined. Nineteen food and eighteen drink names are identified in Kutadgu Bilig. Names of the identified food and drink names are given alphabetically. In some examples of the work, words are used which have the same meaning, but differently named. In the essay, this naming also takes part within alphabetic classification.

Examination Of Music Teacher Candidates’ Opinions On Their Individual Instrument Teaching Competence

Şehriban KOCA — 2026-07-16

Objective of this study is examination of candidate music teachers’ opinions on i

AN APPLIED STUDY ON THE COOPERATION BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND BUSINESS –INDUSTRY SECTORS IN THE GLOBALISATION PROCESS

Murat KORKMAZ, Gökşen ARAS , Ali Serdar YÜCEL , Pınar BACAKSIZ — 2026-07-16

Labour power has become much more significant in the global competitive environment day by day. Being a means for generating and spreading knowledge, universities are responsible for training students and providing them with employment opportunities, considering the needs of business sectors. The cooperation between universities and industry sectors is essential in order to turn the generated knowledge into the commodity output in industry. The aim of this paper is to find out the perceptions of the university students on the advantages, provided by the cooperation between the university and business-industry sector and to test whether the perceptions in question differ according to the demographical characteristics or not. The research is an applied area study. In this context, a two-part questionnaire has been applied to 200 participants. In the analysis, frequency tables, descriptive analyses, independent sample t test, one way analysis of variance (anova), and Tukey test have been used. In the study, it has been detected that the perceptions of the students on the advantages, provided by the cooperation between universities and business- industry sectors, have differed according to the level of education and gender, while the perceptions of the male students and the students, studying at public schools, are much more negative. Further to this, according to the findings of the analysis, students have stated that they do not suppose that their university will provide employment opportunities, and they believe that the institutions and organizations, cooperating with universities, should build a common education policy. Finally, business sectors and universities should convene and make arrangements to carry out joint studies; in accordance with this purpose, various educational activities should also be organized to contribute to the development of the university and industry sector cooperation.

Disposition Des Thèmes Et Des Rhèmes Dans La Traduction

Ece KORKUT — 2026-07-16

La grammaire de texte est un domaine de recherche interphrastique qui étudie comment les thèmes et les rhèmes dans les textes s’articulent entre eux dans le cadre de la cohésion et de la cohérence. Autrement dit, la grammaire de texte analyse les phrases qui constituent ensemble un texte, à part et en relation les unes avec les autres, du point de vue, entre autres, du thème et du rhème. Le « thème » est le point de départ ou un élément déjà connu des locuteurs; quant au « rhème », c’est une information nouvelle qui vient s’ajouter au thème et qui assure la progression dans le texte. Dans cet article, une séquence de texte en français composé de six phrases a été comparée avec cinq traductions en turc du point du vue de l’agencement des thèmes et des rhèmes. A la fin de l’étude, il a été observé que dans certaines traductions, le thème était substitué au rhème, qu’entre les dispositions des rhèmes se trouvaient de grandes différences, que certains rhèmes du texte original avaient été supprimés et que de nouveaux rhèmes avaient été créés par les traducteurs. Il est naturel et indispensable qu’il y ait des différences dans la syntaxe des thèmes et des rhèmes lorsqu’il s’agit des traductions entre les langues appartenant à des familles de langue différentes, cependant cela ne signifie nullement que l’on peut disposer aléatoirement les éléments constituant un texte. A la suite de la comparaison faite du texte original avec les cinq traductions et les traductions entre elles, il n’a été constaté qu’une phrase, parmi six, qui a été traduite convenablement par tous les traducteurs, donc la traduction d’une seule phrase était compatible du point de vue de l’ordre des thèmes et des rhèmes. Dans les cinq phrases qui restent, il s’agit de plusieurs écarts entre les choix des thèmes et des rhèmes ainsi que dans la disposition de ces derniers.

The Investigation Of The Teachers’ Views About The Effect Of Social Problems In Children On Academic Success

Onur KÖKSAL, Tuncay DİLCİ , Merve KOÇ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study ,which was designed in format of qualitative research, is to determine the impact of social problems in students to academic success on primary school teachers’ views. The data of the research were obtained by semi- structured interviews with 25 teachers who work in different educational institutions in Suşehri in Sivas in the term of Spring semester of 2012-2013 academic year and the data were discussed by descriptive and content analysis methods. According to the findings, teachers referred the concept of sociability with communication and friendship concepts. The teachers expressed that the academic success of the students ,who had social problems, were low and these students had very little interest in lessons. Furthermore the teachers stated that these students had motivation problems. The teachers emphasized that family had a very important role in the development of social skills of the students and the families should be informed about these issues. Morever, the teachers stated that social problems were seen more in female students. The teachers emphasized that some environment, in which the students could have social interaction with others, should be created to develop the social skills of the students and also the students should be provided to express themselves. The children, who will compose the healthy society of the future, need to acquire social skills and positive character traits. Primary school is the most suitable period when the students gain these features. In this period the teachers become the most important figüre for the students who see them as the model. Therefore, in this study which emphasizes the development and reinforcement of the social skills of the students and the necessity to apply these skills in different environment, there are also some advice to teachers on the development of students' social skills.

Determining Biology Student Teachers’ Cognitive Structure And Alternative Concepts On The Concept Of “Bacteria”

Hakan KURT, Gülay EKİCİ — 2026-07-16

To understand how students transfer knowledge to their minds and how they structure this knowledge is one of the most important issues that researchers are interested in. Constructive learning approach indicates that i

An Analysis Of Countries’ Uneducated Population In Terms Of PISA Results: An International Perspective

İlknur MAYA — 2026-07-16

Education is an important factor in a country’s having a sustainable international competition power as well as in that country’s economic expansion and development. Research studies conducted in several countries support the fact that education in specific and developing the human capital in general are significant factors in accounting for the changes in countries’ expansion rates and in income per person. Therefore, it is important that each country should invest in education, attain quality in education, and be aware of educational problems. Children remaining out of the school, and illiterate young and adult population are the important educational problems for many developing countries. Besides, the educational level of society influences the achievement in international examinations in the field of education as well as the development of that country. Hence, it is evident that children out of the school, and illiterate young and adult population are the important indicators included in international policy documents. This study aims at analysing countries’ uneducated children, young and adult population comparatively in terms of PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) results. To do this, the research employs the method of document analysis. The research population was composed of 65 countries 34 of which were OECD members taking part in PISA (2009) examination. The research sample was composed of 20 countries, 10 of which attained the highest and 10 of which attained the lowest achievement in PISA. The research data come from such institutes as OECD (2012), PISA (2009), and UIS (2011) since access to the latest statistical data is required. Owing to the fact that the documents used in this research came from official statistics, the data may be said to have high validity and reliability. In consequence, the population of children remaining out of the school at the primary and secondary education stages is lower in counties having the highest achievement in PISA. Furthermore, the population of illiterate youth and adults is also lower in countries with high achievement in PISA than in countries with low achievement.

Internal And External Interference Errors In The Process Of Learning German As A Second Foreign Language And Methods To Prevent Mistakes

Adnan OFLAZ — 2026-07-16

The primary aim of this study is to analyze the different types of interferences that may occur in the process of learning the German language both theoretically and systematically by making use of the contrastive method in order to detect and evaluate common errors. In a second step, methods to correct these errors on a grammatical, lexical and orthographical level shall be presented. When looking at the study results from a cognitive point of view, it is easy to notice that the learner’s prior knowledge has retroactive and proactive effects, which, – on their part- may have an either positive or negative impact on the learning process itself. The interferences, which depend on the learner’s first foreign language as well as his native language, shall be identified, classified and analyzed in this study. Given the results of this error analysis, we can conclude that learners influenced by interlingual interferences most frequently make mistakes in word order, the use of the "Perfekt" tense, the declination of adjectives, the plural formation, lower and uppercase, the use of conjunctions and on the lexical level in general. Influenced by intralingual interferences, learners also make mistakes in the formation of the "Perfekt/Präteritum" tenses and in the conjugation of verbs

Persuasive Speech And A Comparative Study (Australia Mother Tongue Training Course Materials And Turkish Sample)

Alpaslan OKUR, Üzeyir SÜĞÜMLÜ , Gökçen GÖÇEN — 2026-07-16

Using persuasive text as a text type in mother language courses helps students to improve self-expression skills and by developing their creativity, enables them to have a product based learning strategy. In the core of this lies, the fact that persuasion is an indispensable element of communication. However despite their potential contributions, persuasion studies have not been covered adequately in Turkish language teaching curriculum. This study aims to analyze the approaches and processes of persuasive speech and texts which are considered inadequate in Turkish Language Teaching Curriculum, With this purpose, Language and Expression Course Curriculum, Turkish Language Teaching Curriculum and for a comparison Australian Mother Language Course Materials have been studied, attainments and activities have been identified. Another purpose of the study is to contribute to the Turkish Language Teaching Curriculum by way of presenting speech and persuasive speech processes and activities with a comparative point of view. At the end of the study, it’s been observed that the concept of persuasiveness has been adequately covered as a text type in Australian Mother Language Course Materials from starter level to the last 10th level. In Turkish Language Teaching Curriculum (2009) while persuasiveness is treated and included as a speech type, method and technique in primary schools, in middle schools it is not covered at all. In high schools Language and Expression Course Curriculum does not include persuasiveness as a text type, as well.

Religious Education in the Context of Early Childhood Religious Development Theories

Cemil ORUÇ — 2026-07-16

Nearly half a century many studies have been done on the source, development and institutionalization of religion or holy that constitutes an important field of human life. These studies shows that especially early childhood is an important field required to be explored in many aspects of growth. Although this topic has been studied in different approaches of developmental psychology, the presence of a live religious curiosity at children up to the age of seven, especially recent researches to address the child-adult relationship at a different size also affect the quality of religious education in this period. It is possible to examine the work carried out on this subject in three waves. The first wave is the religious development theories that were affected by works of major representatives of psychoanalytic and cognitive psychology such as Freud, Piaget, Erikson and Jung. The second wave, as well as these theories, is religious development theories that were affected by the theory of moral development such as Kohlberg. The third wave is studies of religious development in the last twenty years that are affected by cultural anthropology. These studies, inevitably, affected early childhood religious education in many aspects. Contrary to approaches that indicate the child does not show any religious issues up to the age of about seven, there are some approaches suggest that this period is the basis of development of religious thinking. Recent researches conducted on this subject show that, as well as in all developmental period also in religious development, early childhood takes part a very important place and therefore should be examined in all its aspects. Such studies provide important contributions to the religious education and come up for discussion of the method of religious instruction and education. Should religious education be given in early childhood? If so, which methods should be used? Answers to those questions show that many traditional methods do not make sense anymore, moving with these approaches lead to many permanent problems. The child's religious education must be different from adults in terms of both content and method. In terms of Islamic religious education, doctrinal and normative religious education for children of this period can be said to bring harm rather than goodness. During this period, religious education should take into consideration of contribution to emotional development, increasing communication and language skills, feeling the sacred and eternal with different dimension and being familiar with the language of religion.

Nationalist Values Appearing In The Social Studies Textbooks Taught In Turkey And Egypt: A Comparative Study

Ahmed Emin OSMANOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The main purpose of this research is to compare the perception of religion in social studies text books used in 6th and 7th grades of the Turkish education system to their Egyptian equivalent which are grade1 class 6 and grade 2 class1. In this context, determining similarities and differencies of books are main problem of the research. Qualitative procedures are applied in the study. Accordingly, population didn’t specified and purposing sampling was preffered. Textbooks that used in 6th and 7th grades of the Turkey and their Egyptian equivalent which are grade1 class 6 and grade 2 class1 was selected as sampling. Datas were collected according to document analyze technique and analyzed with content analyze. To provide the validity of content analyze, categories were formed according to İnal’s study. Also, sub-categories were formed with reviewing literature, experts’ judgments’ and provided attainability of category definitions. The main texts have been selected as the unit of record and all of them were studied without exception. Sentences were selected as context unit for classification of words to understand their positive, negative and neutral meaning. One point is given to every identified word, than the distribution of frequencies and percentages of each category was determined. Beside this, words were defined to their qualification. To increase the validity of coding, text was coded only by the researcher in different times. It was seen that the relations between coding were enough high. The coding proposed in this study was also compared with those performed by two independent field experts. As a result of research, it was determined that, in context of categories, in Turkey from most dense to low dense is Nation, State, Motherland, Army and Heroism categories, respectively; Motherland, State, Nation, Army and Heroism categories are in Egypt. Also, it was understood that, Turkey is more democratic, objective than Egypt, comparatively and Turkey used less nationalist rhetoric but attaches importance to army more than Egypt.

The Effects Of Cooperative Learning On Students’ Successand Retention In Learning Plantal Tissues

Emrah ÖZBUĞUTU — 2026-07-16

The main purpose of this research is to find out the effects of the Cooperative Learning on academic successes and stability of knowledge of the students in the learning of Plant Tissues in Biology Lessons. The sample of the study consists of 71 fourth grade high school students who study in high school in the district of Bahçelievler in İstanbul in the academic year of 2010-2011. In the experiment class, the subjects are taught by Cooperative Learning methods whilst in the control class, the subjects are tauhgt by the teacher centered methods. The data of this research has been collected via the achievement test of plant tissues(ATPT) and via the Interview Form of Cooperative Teaching Methods. The Achievement test of plant tissues (ATPT) is applied for pre-test for both groups before the experimental functions and is applied for remembering test after experimental works when the tests and functions are finished exactly. The analysis of the data are implemented by the helps of SPSS (13) package program. In order to understand the differences between the test results of two groups the t-Test is used. And to make sense of the results p=.05 is considered as meaningfulness level. The results show that cooperative learning has a positive effect on the subject of Plant Tissues and it is also useful for remembering the learned things.

From The Realist Novel To The Postmodern One: The Position Of The Protaganist In The Space And Time

Devrim ÖZKAN — 2026-07-16

Within the frame of this study, from the conceptual approaches uttered above, the properties of three murders committed in three different novels in pre-modern, modern and postmodern haunts are examined in the perspectives of the time

Comparison Of Primary School First Graders' Literacy Process In Terms Of Chronological Age

Ergün ÖZTÜRK, Kübra UYSAL — 2026-07-16

In this research, the results of schooling age’s lowering to 60 months at the request of the parents as one of the reforms made following 4+4+4 system of education which started at 2012-2013 school year are going to be identified This study is significant in terms of having an idea about what can actively be done to identify problems caused by 60 and 72 months old students’ attending the same classroom environment and what can be done in the process of literacy education for the 60-70 months students who are to come in the following years. As one of the methods of qualitative research, phenomenology was used in the study. The research data was obtained from 17 first-grade teachers who are teaching both 60-66 and 72 months old students together in the same classroom at primary schools in the cities, Urfa, Bursa, Diyarbakır. As one of the qualitative data collection methods, semi-structured interview form was used in order to reveal the teacher’s opinions in detail. Semi-structured interview form consists of two parts. The first part of the interview form includes questions as to the personal information of teachers. The second part includes questions asked to identify teacher opinions about the process of literacy education of students starting the first-grade at primary school with different chronological age range. Pre-interviews with teachers were conducted and expert opinion was taken in the preparation process of the questions. Content analysis method was used for the analysis of the data obtained from the research. In the light of the data obtained, opinions of first-grade primary school teachers about the comparison of the literacy education processes of first-grade students regarding their chronological age range, the problems encountered during the process and possible solutions were revealed; suggestions relevant to the issue were made.

Poetic Text’s Approaches to Means of Expression and “Modern” Interpretation in Poetry (In the Context of Poetic Texts of Aristotle, Shershenevich and Orhan Veli)

Özlem PARER — 2026-07-16

In the poetry adventure continuing from ancient times to date, the poet’s characteristic that has never changed is his creativeness glorified all the time. However, creativity criteria may vary in the period. The first description of Poetry and Poet reaches to Poetics of Greek philosopher Aristotle, who has an understanding close to modern literary theory and has performed the first systematic study on the literature principles functioning and organization based on perceptible data. The most important aspect of Poetics in terms of the subject of this study is the description of the poetry language as a specific area of language and classification of the functional elements of this structure. However, poetry elements, which have become a tradition in historical process with changing sense and expectation of art due to many reasons, were needed to be reviewed again and caused the pursuit of novelty in 20th century. The opposition to the tradition and pursuit of novelty have led us to find intersection point between Russian futurism and the “Garip” movement in Turkish poetry, although they are not sequent or affected by each other. Shershenevich and Orhan Veli, explained their opposition to the accepted and stereotype attitudes towards poetry for years like vocabulary, rhyme and meter and rhetorical devices in their poetry as well as their poetic knowledge by giving justifications. While reviewing the characteristics of poetry, Russian futurist supported the tendency to neologism, and Garip poets supported the tendency to simplified language, the target language that new poetry conception is addressed. While discussing three different authors’ three common and different point of views, in poetic text that we have studied by giving examples from 20th century Russian and Turkish poetries, it was found out that the idea, which the poetry is valuable as regards its compliance with specific forms for years, has not been accepted.

A Research On Determining High School Students’ Perceptions About Literature Through Metaphors

Salim PİLAV, Aliye USLU ÜSTTEN — 2026-07-16

In this research, which aims at determining students’ perceptions about concept of literature through metaphors, a qualitative research method, phenomenology (design) is adopted. The study group is composed of 276 students from 4 different high schools of the Ministry of National Education. Of the students who participated in the study and who were able to produce valid metaphors, 97 students are from 9th grade; 58 from 10th grade; 73 from 11th grade and 58 from 12th grade. Data is collected by a form containing a single question prepared with ‘fill-in-the-blank’ method. The students are asked to develop a metaphor related to literature and to write its comparative aspect as well. The students take the literature class and they face the concept of literature for the first time in high school. This research is made in order to determine these student’s perception of the concept of literature and in order to make diagnosis about education of literacy taking into account this perception. Descriptive analysis techniques are used in anayzing the data. Metaphors developed by students are determined seperately at class level and then they are classified under six headings in accordance with their comparative qualities. The reseach reveals that students are making comparisons while developing metaphors and they can think creatively. When six groups of metaphors are considered, it can be concluded that students are aware of the literature’s relation with humanbeing and daily life. As students developed metaphors relating to the importance and the necessity of literature, it is thought that literature classes reached their goals. The study is also important as it sheds light on the sources of negative metaphors for literature.

On the Turkic elements of Tarih-i Beyhakî

Mehdi REZAEI — 2026-07-16

The history of Turks and the traces of Turkish language and lexicon not only should be sought in the texts written in Turkish but also in historical texts written in other languages. Those texts, in addition to setting forth of some historical knowledge of governmental structure and traditions in Turks, will help us to examine language contacts of Turkish and to introduce historical figures. Even if the very first traces of Turkish are in Old Chinese texts, the deeper language contact happened following centuries with the Persian language. The first serious contact between Turkish and Persian language took place in the era of Gaznawids. This contact deeply continued in following centuries. The most significant proof of this historical language contact is hundreds of loanwords adopted bilaterally in Turkish and Persian. These both languages being neighbor to each other for a long while, intertwined at times. As a result of neighborhood and contact, these languages naturally influenced each other. The widest part of this influence appeared as lexical exchange. Although the some part of these borrowed elements lost their currency in both languages, the biggest part of them still survive in both sides of those peoples. In this paper, the work Tarih-i Beyhakî (the first half of XI.th century), which belonged to the date the contact occurred, is surveyed in the scope of language contact. All of the Turkic material of this Persian work has been collected. And some words have been analyzed by considering eminent dictionaries of both Turkish and Persian.

Heba In The Light Of Jung

Esra SAZYEK — 2026-07-16

Hasan Ali Toptaş, is one of the important authors of Turkish literature, in his novel called Heba discusses inward looking personality of Ziya, who lives in the same childish purity during his life consisting of all periods of childhood, military service, marriage and death. Due to this property, he lives world of dreams and fantasies rather than reel time. 16 years after he lost his wife and unborn son as casualties in bomb attack, Yazıköy where he breaks away from the crowd of the city and settle in here, feeds his this side. Thus, the hours passing in the nature, turn into a worship. However, whole peace of Ziya, who has found what he seeks in Yazıköy, ends by killing of Kenan. This period when everything has became complicated, is followed by killing of him as being lynched because of the gossips about him. When you reread the novel focusing on a wasted life, of which tragic events are finished by death in the light of Jungian psychology, it turns into a story of award to reach immortality obtained after the sorrows felt. Experiences of Ziya in Yazıköy resembling Heaven until he is dismissed, realize on the cusp of a magical environment is surrounded by dreams and fantasies. Appearance of unconscious plane by means of symbolical contents in dreams indicates that Yazıköy represents unconscious world beyond being a geographic and travelling from the city to natural follows a way from conscious towards unconscious. Exploring of Ziya moving in unknown darkness of unconscious the inner treasure in the deepest, requires passing the each phase from surface towards center with a different figure of unconscious named as "archetype" by Jung. In this study, dimensions of period in question will be discussed in terms of Jungian psychology; trails of his thoughts will be examined in detail by its aspects are reflected on contextual dimension of the novel.

Why Literature Cannot Be Without Human?

Hakan SAZYEK — 2026-07-16

Literature is one of the fine arts together with architecture, sculpture, painting and music. There are great differences between literature and the other branch of arts in terms of material, focus of perception, originality and form. In addition, literature differentiates from the other arts concerning basic content element. While it is possible to create works without human in the plastic and phonetic arts, in literature it is not possible. So, literature is the unique kind of art that has to contain human and humanistic situation. The created works in each branch of art is the product of a humanistic point of view. A painter or a sculptor may also symbolise a humanitarian aspect in their nonfigurative works. However, human-work relation in terms of literature is not a kind of symbolisation for human or its world in the context or indirect relation between the artist and the context, but it is the case of existence of human and its characteristics itself in the work. Literature cannot be without human, it realizes the contents of the works by using language, dispute of dynamism, and based on mentality. So, the mentioned characteristics are the aims of this research. The basic materials of the art of literature, which are language, vocabulary and grammar, are the products of human conscious. Contrary to the plastic arts that are motionless and speechless, literature is based on the unity of speech, motion and mental. Being a product of conscious, together with conscious motion, are a condition for which a work of literature cannot be without human. In terms of the place of literature among the other arts this research is aimed to examine the dependency of literature on human in the light of these three criteria.

The Historical Geoghraphy Of The Avestan Language

Ulaş Töre SİVRİOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The sacred book of Zoroastrians, The Avesta can not be still stated definitely where and when it was collected. The silence of avestan texts towards historical events,the large geographical spread of the Aryans and being too late to handwrite Avesta complicate the determination of place and time which avestan texts created. Therefore,it is applied to the comparison of the social construction into texts with archeological and historical data,to the lexicology of avestan texts,the grammatical structure,in order to indicate historical geography of Avesta. Being examined the grammar of Avesta, the lexicology and the social view at this study, it is managed to determine the date and the place of this work’s creation.It is definite that after years of researches that have been made over The Avesta related to its grammatical background , it is lucid that that language made use of The Avesta demonstrates a great deal of similarities with the Sanskrit . Furthermore; in the old chapters of the Avesta called Gathas show that these similarities much more identical and visible in comparison with known chapters. This situation leads researchers to think that both the oldest parts of the Avesta and the Vedas were written in the mean time at the same era . Moreover; it is thought that the Avesta was compiled in the environment of today’s present time India . It is reckoned that chapters like the Vendidad, Yashts, Visperad have been introduced after the Gathas, additionally, it is explained that immigration of Aryans for some degree influenced resemblence of the languages, such as; The Sanskrit and the language made use of the Avesta. In addition to this, direction of the migrations was from North west India into Iran. At first sight , theory tried to be explained by ethimological perspective, now; after over the yaears is also supported by concrete ,nonabstract branches of science , namely, Archeology . In the text of the Avesta, researchers also found out that sociological life segments took part in the Avesta. For instance, the most sacred animal figure stated in the Avesta was Horse and the other animal figure given importance to was Dogs that all were excavated and found out in graves being near to Iran and Hazar surroundings . Additionally , hand crafted tools made by Iron were also found out in spelchers . Iron as an element and mine , it was stated as sacred in the Avesta texts so; that situation demonstrates that the Avesta was written and compiled by people who took part in the Avesta ;for instance , Iron mine taken advantage of tool making in that area is also initiated with the Aryans so, it gives us a clue that cultural integration also influenced texts of the Avesta. In the late texts of the Avesta, so called; Vendidad reflects stages of being government and political organization of the Iran and the groups which affected the stages of the political developments of Iran, for example; Median, Persian, Parthian. All in all, in this essay grammar structure of the Avesta, its language and its ethimological background and social life patterns were tried to be explained and illuminated with the help of grammatical and archeological concrete evidences in order to target the origin of the Avesta and the time when it was collected.

A Comparison Of Cursive Italic Writing And Basic Vertical Letters While Teaching Basal Reading And Writing Based On Teachers’ Views

Fatma SUSAR KIRMIZI, Demet KASAP — 2026-07-16

This study aimed to identify teachers’ views with regard to teaching basal reading and writing with cursive italic writing and basic vertical letters. Action research that is one of the qualitative research methods was employed. The population of the study was consisted of elementary 1st and 2nd graders’ teachers working in Denizli and its districts. Using criterion sampling, 68 elementary teachers were asked for their opinions. As for the data gathering instrument, a demographic information form and a survey of open-ended six questions developed by the researchers were used in the study. Open-coding method was used for data analysis. The data from the teachers’ answers were typed and read by the two researchers in detail. In the meanwhile, the codes were revealed and the related ones combined into themes. Quotations were included to support these codes and themes. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the teachers found teaching with basic vertical letters easier both in preparing students for reading and writing and in teaching writing. Furthermore, they argued that with basic vertical letters, students write more beautiful and legible. Most of the teachers participated in the study preferred basic vertical letters just because they found cursive italic writing more difficult in teaching basal reading and writing. The study may present the following suggestions: A comprehensive training related to cursive italic writing should be provided to teachers. Wider scale studies focusing on whether teachers prefer cursive italic writing or basic vertical letters in teaching basal reading and writing.

A Comparative Analysis Concerned With Academic Salaries

Hilmi SÜNGÜ — 2026-07-16

It is proved fact through scientific studies that the pay has a direct influence on productivity and job satisfaction at the same time. The pay gained as a result of the performance is considered as interrelated both with the increase in the productivity and improvement in the quality of the service. It is vital for the organizational justice that people who have similar statues and who are performing similar tasks should receive balanced payments. However, the

A Comparison Of Primary Education Systems And English Instruction Program In Turkey And France

Senem Seda ŞAHENK ERKAN — 2026-07-16

Compulsory education in Turkey is limited to grades 1st-12th grades of the primary and secondary levels, while it takes 10 years including grades 1st-5th of the primary school, grades 6th-9th of the secondary school, and the 1st grade of high school in France. English teaching starts in the 2nd grade (weekly hours: 2 hours) in primary schools in Turkey, whereas English is taught for 5 years (1st -2nd: foreign language + art and history of art+ discovery of world proportions varied in schools) (3th-5th: foreign language + science/technology + humanistic culture: 11 hours proportions varied in schools) within the primary school education in France. While primary education continues 4 years in Turkey, it takes 5 years in France. In this regard, general characteristics of the education systems and English instruction programs in Turkey and primary schools system and English instruction program in primary level in France are comparatively analyzed. The problem statement of this study can be expressed as ‘what are the similarities and differences between education systems and English instruction programs in Turkey and France?’ Litterature method was used in this study. Finally this article will give common subjects of English instruction program in primary level in Turkey and France. Beside it will enumerate the different subjects of English instruction program in primary level in Turkey and France.

A Comparative Approach to the novels “Name of the Rose and My Name Is Red”

Elmas ŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

Especially in recent years, in spite of interest in world literature, comparative literature also emerged as a popular discipline with the impact of cultural studies. Today, comparative studies started to go head to head by criticism and cultural studies, moving national literatures to the international dimensions, seems that it’s prepared ground for the meeting of world literature at one point in both theory and practice. A work by another work or works in the context of the common themes and motifs, the term "comparative literature" which means compared and contrasted by its similarities and differences, although it occurred in the 19th century as an academic discipline, the exit point of the concept "comparative" would not be wrong to say that it began with Plato and Aristotle’s classical era. While the comparative discourses Plato and Aristotale started by comparing poetry and philosophy, having developed with Horace, Longinus, Dryden, Arnold; Sanctis, Goethe and Cuiver, reached the peak in academic dimension in 20th century. In the west, the works such as Rene Wellek's The Crisis of Comparative Literature; Concepts of Criticism (1963), C: L: Wrenn's The Idea of Comparative Literature (1973), Rey Chow's In the Name of Comparative Literature (1995); and in our country, the studies such as İnci Enginün's Comparative Literature (1992), Gursel Aytaç’s Comparative Literature (1997), Emel Kefeli's Comparative Literature Studies (2000) and Kamil Aydın’s Comparative Literature: Perception In Today's Postmodern Context (2008) are the first theoretical approaches contributing to the science of comparative literature. After 1950s, Comparative literature together with the development of postmodern literature also begins to make its name with the concept of “intertextuality” very often. Some interactions such as diachronic and synchronic similarities, intertextual references, quotations, assemblies in terms of both language and theme and technical aspects; and similar approaches or re-interpretations of the original text are closely related to comparative literature. In this context, The novels of the Italian writer Umberto Eco's Name of the Rose, from author of our time, (1980) and Orhan Pamuk's My Name is Red (1998) from our modern writer enter to field of literature in different geographies, but have similar themes in the terms of the content and form, they are synchronic samples for comparative literature The works Name of the Rose and My Name is Red in this study, using the text-oriented analysis method will be compared in terms of essence and form. Both of these works, by considered similar species, subject matter and motifs, examined in intertextual size, will be resolved by their similarities and differences by the method of comparative literature.

A Study on Developing a Scale to Determine Classroom Teacher Candidate’s Attitudes towards Teaching Music

Sadullah Serkan ŞEKER, Ceren SAYGI — 2026-07-16

Entering primary school is an important period of time for children as it is the first milestone in their lives to formal schooling. Primary acquired during the positive and negative attitudes, tendencies, habits and abilities will live with them. However, the classroom teacher in the child's life is an i

The Properties Of Ancient Slavic And Russian Translations

Leyla ŞENER — 2026-07-16

Most of the ancient slavic and russian literatures are composed mainly of translation. By courtesy of these translations Slav world had the opportunity to meet the cultures of particularly Byzantine, Roman and the cultures of Far East countries such as Egypt, Syria and Palestine. Translations help Slavic and Russian people to determine their place in the corse of world history. In Russia translation activities are based on ancient times. In the 9th century Kiev Russia the foundations of translation activities were established in the with writing culture. As in other medieval european countries, also in Russia the beginning of translation and literature depends on the acceptance of Christianity. But most of these translations were not translated in Russia and the many of these translators were not Russian by birth. Furthermore; the language of the translations was not the primary ancient Russian language, translations were translated into the ancient Slav language which was the common writing language between slav public. Russia accepted Christianity by the order of Vladimir Prince of Kiev in 988. At the material time political and commercial relations of Russia between her South neigbourhood, namely; Byzantine and Bulgarian countries showed improvements. Until that period of time particularly in Bulgaria and in other Slav countries were existed respectable amount of translations which were generaly translated the ancient greek language into ancient slav language. And they were transfered to Kiev Russia. Based on these results, we aimed to analyze the properties of ancient Russian and ancient slavic translations. At the same time, we emphasized the methods of determining whether a literary work is a translation or not, and from which language, where and when it is translated. In this manner we tried to investigate comprehension in ancient russian translations.

English Equivalents of Descriptive Compound Verbs in Translated Literary Works

Ebru ŞENYİĞİT — 2026-07-16

Descriptive verbs are one of the pre-eminent constructions revealing the structure productivity of our language. The forms describing verbs depict variety of structures. Descriptive verbs, semi-descriptive verbs and the other type including two conjugated forms are particularly selected to display the capacity of narration in many literary works. These forms are particularly preferred because of the frequency of their use in the works in question. The main focus in the present study is to analyse English equivalents of these verbs in the translated versions of the works in terms of meaning and structure and to point out whether they are able to carry out the same literary value. In spite of the fact that Turkish and English belong to the totally different language families we could utter the existence of descriptive verbs in both. Considering these structural variations, what forms and expressions English holds for the demonstative verbs in accordance with the bulk sample of translated works is questioned. Many novels translated to English are analysed and the structures are classified. The model expressions exemplifying the target structure are taken from many works of our literature. As a result, modal verbs and almost the same type of adverbials and prepositional phrases are used to provide more or less their translated equivalences.

The Power an Chıld

Funda Selçuk ŞİRİN — 2026-07-16

There is an extremely close relationship between education, the power and ideology. The governments have been making use of education in order to transform the societies in accorrdance with the desired values. More importance was given to education especially with the emergence of nation-states. This importance arises from the privileged place of education in the formation of collective identity to construct the nation. Because with the emergence of nation-states the societies were faced with new definitions and values. In this context, we confront with education as one of the means, perhaps the most important one, of the construction of the nation-state. No doubt that child education has been one of the central issues for governments in this context. The situation has a similiar importance for the administrators and elites of the Republic during the transition from empire to nation-state. Child education was being approached as one of the important steps in the national education policies. Child education that would enable the construction of child in accordance with the republican values had a central place in the construction of new citizen for the new state. However, the Republican administrators did not design this process as only child education. They also design it as woman education to be a good mother in accordance with family relations. The power made use of ideology via education to construct the child who internalizes the values of Republic and is aware of the duties and responsibilities. Thus, the power sought to construct a new generation that would transform the society.

A Review On The Problems Faced In The Writing Instruction

Tahir TAĞA, Süleyman ÜNLÜ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to find out the problems faced in the writing instruction. The data of research is collected by "Writing Challenges Facing Education Questionnaire" which is prepared by the researchers. Questionnaire consists of 31 the substances (all negative), and the four dimensions (students, teachers, programs, and external factors) totally which was held with a five-point Likert-style. The total variance explanation of the scale was found as 41.54%. In the context of the validity, the value of Cronbach's alpha which is internal consistency coefficient was found to be 0.83 totally. The study group is consisted by 158 Turkish teachers. In data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test for independent samples, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and no significant difference in the F values, Tukey-HSD test was used to identify the source. When the findings are analyzed at sub-dimension level, the problem about students is that the lack reading habits, problem from the teacher is that not to follow the developments in the field, in terms of the program the applied method is not appropriate as a time, problems derived from the lack of external factors detract from the language used in the Internet and the mobile phone can be called as a first problem. Significant difference according to gender views on problems of teachers to the t test to examine whether the differences were not significant. Significant difference was found in the the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) done to examine problems according to seniority and education by the views regarding the problems of teachers.

Investigation Of The Relationship Between Critical Thinking Dispositions And Miscellaneous Variables Of The Students Of The Faculty Of Education The Department Of Fine Arts Education

Onur TOPOĞLU, Elçin ÜNAL ÖNEY — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to reveal and to test the relationships between dependent variable critical thinking ability and three independent variables such as gender, academic achievement and field achievement of the students of the Faculty of Education, the Department of Fine Arts Education (FE-DFAE). This study is a descriptive research and based on the relational measurement model. The data of personal information of the students has been collected via questionnaires and to be able to measure critical thinking abilities of the students of the FE-DFAE the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI) has been applied. While the target population of this study covers whole FE-DFAE students from academic year of 2011-2012 -spring semester, the size of the sampling group is limited to 204 students. The result of this research shows that there is no significant relationship between critical thinking abilities of the students of the FE-DFAE and their genders. Beside that it has been discovered that the tendencies of truth seeking and open minded level of female students of music department are higher than male students of the same department. It has been also discovered that there is no significant relationship between critical thinking abilities and academic, field achievements among the student of the music department. On the contrary, among the fine arts students the significant and positive relationship has been found between critical thinking abilities and academic success. Also a positive and lower level significance has been found between critical thinking and their field studies of fine arts students. As a result, among the fine arts students, there is significant and positive relationship between their critical thinking abilities and their academic successes, which are at higher level than those relationships among the music department students. Unfortunately, it can be concluded that the student of the Adnan Menderes University and especially the students who are teacher candidates have lack of critical thinking abilities. One of the primary purposes of university education is to educate the students to make them gained inquisitive and analytically thinking abilities. Therefore, it is crucial that the teachers of tomorrow have to furnished with all those abilities to be able to teach and pass the critical thinking abilities to their students.

Lullabies Containing The Threats And Intimidation As A Training Method And These Analysis In Terms Of Jung’s ‘Common Unconscious’ Concept

Ali TORUN, Kübra YILDIZ — 2026-07-16

There are people’s living arrangement, art taste, world view, understanding of religion, thinking and relief system and with all relevant customs and traditions in the folklore products. Of course, people shows themselves in the most natural way in the folklore products. The most obvious feature of products of folk literature is “stereotype” feature. There are also stereotypes in the expressions as well as shapes and structures. In this context, verse products of folk literature is texts which carry hints of said society due to their functionality.Lullabies that one of them, not only for babies sleep, but also folklor products which includes tips of society due to the functionality. Based on this fact lullabies that includes threats and intimidation tries to solve through the concept Albert Bandura's social cognitive learning theory “symbolizing capacity” and at this stage C. G. Jung's “common unconscious” concept is utilized. This study lullabies that can be described as a part of informal education - notably, lullabies that includes threats and intimidation - have function as “training method”.In this context, lullabies are one of the methods filling symbolizing capacity. Therefore,the initial learning become through lullabies and this learning is one which is the first steps of informal education. In this study is resolved how the symbols are learned by using lullabies which are products of Turkish folk literature through social cognitive learning theory. Also exit points of the symbols that is the origins are examined through Jung’s ‘common unconscious’ concept.

Some Argumentative Determinations Regarding Diagnostic/Definitional Crisis Of Comparative Literature In Terms Of Accordance With Its Purpose And Expectation

Abdulhakim TUĞLUK — 2026-07-16

Comparison which possesses the characteristics of critic in line with its purposes and ambitions keeps on its actuality and difference perception because of its argumentative position within the science of literature. “Comparative Literature Science” which has become effective in literature argumentations in recent years in Turkey has not been able to make its identity and conceptual entity acceptable, yet. Not only the uncertainties in the definition, but also some problems in practice keep the questions against comparative literature in a certain level. There are also some uncertainties whether it is a method or a science in itself as well as the acceptability of it by national men of literature. Comparison, which is seen as easy to do at first in terms of feasibility, shows itself as a complex process when the literal and aesthetic missions attributed by the concept to it are taken into consideration. This complexity becomes a crisis in which there are many questions when it is faced with diagnostic and definitive problems. On the other hand, West-centered perception of the comparative literature and its international face embracing the concept of ‘world literature’ (Weltliteratur) make global scale expectations committed by the concept more argumentative rather than meeting these expectations. In this study, the main starting point is gaining a certain point of view to the identity confusion of comparative literature and establishing a general argumentation basis. The purpose of this study is revealing some complex points in theory and practice considering existential problems of comparative literature and bringing some expansion to some handicaps regarding essence of the comparative literature.

An Example Transferring Text From Oral To Written Culture: A Comparative Study of a Legend Compiled from Muğla and the Story of Kurumuş Ağaçlar (The Dried Trees)

Sibel TURHAN TUNA — 2026-07-16

AN EXAMPLE TRANSFERRING TEXT FROM ORAL TO WRITTEN CULTURE: A Comparative Study of a Legend Compiled from Muğla and the Story of Kurumuş Ağaçlar (The Dried Trees) Exactly like works of art, literature, which is a branch of art, and its works, cannot be considered separately from people, society, and therefore from the culture it is fed in. Even the starting point of the most abstract work, is a part of the culture. In this context, literature, which incorporates cultural elements, has two arms such as oral and written literature; both of which is away from the other regarding the style, but closely related to it in the sense of content; eventually they both are nourished by the same source, this common source is the human. Starting from all these, the subject of this study is decided to be the comparative studies of two narratives in the sense of intertextuality; one of which is written, and the other is still kept alive in the oral tradition. One of the texts belongs to Ömer Seyfettin, a story named Kurumuş Ağaçlar (The Dried Trees), for which Ömer Seyfettin would said that he heard the story from Ali Canip’s mother in the year 1920. And the other is a legend which is similar to Ömer Seyfettin’s story with regards to the story line, and is compiled in November 2007 by us, and ascertained that it was heard from the source person’s father by him. In the study, factors such as the elements are brought to forefront and are maintained while the oral narrative, which is natural, is transferred into the written narrative, which is an artificial one based on the personal conception of language; the attitude of the author and narrator regarding the texts; and the common messages that both texts seek to convey; are discussed with regards to intertextuality. In fact, after studying both texts, one of which belongs to the oral and the other to the written literature, in accordance with the aforementioned method; it is indicated that both of them converge on the proverb “Every cloud has a silver lining.”, which is one of the cultural codes.

The contribution of translation to perceptual language skills

Ayşe UYANIK — 2026-07-16

The aim of foreign language teaching is to make students gain the basic language skills such as reading, speaking, writing and listening comprehension. The preparation of subject content and configuration of materials are formed in line with this purpose. Translation contributes to these developments of skills significantly. But this translation’s contribution has been ignored all the time in teaching process of foreign language. But being made in support of teaching methods are the talents translations in the native language as well as the target language. Besides, thanks to translation events, simplify the transfer from gain grammatical instructions. Next to it is the transmission of grammatical structures, which is also supported by the European Framework, facilitates. The aim of this study is to point out the positive contributions to the development of translation event so perceptual skills that including listening and reading comprehension in teaching of foreign language. How to improve both types of skills has been showed with applicable examples in the class environment. It’s been experienced that translation events improve reading and listening comprehension skills in main language as well as target language and also enriches foreign language student’s vocabulary. And it has been seen that translation makes them gain grammatical instructions more consciously. It was determined that translation exercises from reading and listening texts expand the perception fortune, of learners and facilitate sense-from the text context. Also be obtained by reading and listening to their language skills in both languages continued visual learners, using these assets, rather than memorized expressions can make personal remarks. The enrichment of the vocabulary of learners in the reciprocal languages is another contribution of the translation.

Daily Cultures of Turks and Germans: Similarities and Differences in Comparison

Yeşim ÜNALGAN — 2026-07-16

Today, borders between countries have been removed, distances have become shorter and interaction of i

Cliche Words In Language Teaching And Their Translation

Gülhanım ÜNSAL — 2026-07-16

Researches show that there is a tight relation between language and culture (Akarsu, 1998; Kaplan, 2008; Uygur; 1996). Language and culture evolve together. A person who learns a language learns culture of this language in the meantime. Language is the base of culture and all things that nations explain by language are involved in culture concept (Kaplan, 2012: 142). Culture involves people who make up society, their language and communication process, their arts, beliefs, traditions, law and administration institutions, production and consumption regulations which hold them together and join them (Güvenç, 2002: 14). Teaching foreign language is the most important part of cultural relations. Cliche words enable communication with language. They enrich vocabulary of language and provide language users for a variety of expression opportunities in spoken and written communication. Because of this feature, they are popular. They respect principle of ‘’least effort’’ and quintessentially they tell too many things with few words. They are picked up easily and remembered. They are attractive for language users. Cliche words can be defined in terms of social, cultural, functional, structural, semantic and contextual features (Gökdayı; 2008: 3). However, it is observed that these cliched language units make difficulties in teaching translation and they cause untranslatability problem in translation because these cultural items don’t have one-to-one equivalent in target language. The aim of this study is to show structural, functional, semantic and contextual features of cliche words, to analyze in which context and how often they are used, how they are taught in language teaching, to show cultural differences between source and target language by translating cliche words into French.

Education Faculty Students’ Levels of Satisfaction with the Computer-Assisted Distance Education System (Moodle)

Murat YALMAN — 2026-07-16

Due to the use and spread of distance education as an educational platform at universities, which integrates technology into education, it is now necessary to investigate students’ perceptions of this system. Students’ views about Moodle (Modular-Object-Oriented-Dynamic-Learning-Environment), a distance education system used to teach the courses to students which are found in their curricula education programs, influence their achievements in the courses they have taken with this system. The research sample of this study included 1050 students attending an Education Faculty in the academic years of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. As a result of this study, the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients for the students’ levels of satisfaction with distance education were calculated as 0,94. It was found out that following their education given with the distance education management system, the majority of the students (76,57%) would prefer face-to-face education even if they had the opportunity to take distance education. In addition, 58,29% of the students preferred to take the courses in their department both via face-to-face education and via the distance education system (as a blended education system ). With respect to the variable of gender, no significant difference was found between the students’ levels of satisfaction with distance education, yet there was a significant difference at the significance level of p<0,05 between their preferences of the two teaching methods and their levels of computer use knowledge. Also, while 40,57% of all the students reported that their current curriculum education program was appropriate to the use of the distance education management, only 18,29% of them thought it was not.

The Digital Pedagogic Competencies Of Pre-Service Turkish-Language Teachers

Havva YAMAN, Tuğba DEMİRTAŞ , Zeynep (İLERİ) AYDEMİR — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to determine the competencies of pre-service Turkish teachers to use/create the digital tools within the context of technological changes brought to agenda within the scope of “Act of Increasing Opportunities and Improving Technology in Education” (FATIH) nominated as a digital change project of our country. Pre-service teachers studying in the 3rd grade and 4th grade at the Department of Turkish Language Teaching constitute the sample of the research. In this research survey model has been used and instantaneous measurement has been preferred. “Digital and Pedagogic Competencies Scale of Pre-service Teachers” which was developed by researchers as a data collection tool has been used. The acquired findings revealed what pre-service Turkish-language teachers lack and what to be focused on during the education of pre-service teachers. As a result, it is seen that pre-service Turkish-language teachers have a high level competency in educational digital pedagogy field and web digital pedagogy while they have medium level competency in general digital pedagogy field. The research has also shown that pre-service teachers with a good knowledge of computer and internet have an adequate level competency in digital pedagogy as well. In addition, male students have been seemed to be more competent in general digital pedagogy and web digital pedagogy fields when compared to the female ones. The research has shown that there is no difference between the competencies of 3rd and 4th grade students. The results acquired during this process are open to discussion and in order to make the project more efficient within the scope of research, it is intended to determine the situation of pre-service teachers that are going to apply the project.

Pre-service Teachers’ Conceptual Metaphors About Pedagogical Formation Program

Mehmet YAPICI, Şenay YAPICI — 2026-07-16

Teacher training is one of the major problem areas of the Turkish National Education system. The reason for this is a time when more than a century, for not developing a consistent policy of teacher education. Teacher training models were tested at different times. One of these models is the pedagogical formation courses. Pedagogical formation courses are sometimes removed. Pedagogical formation courses is sometimes seen as a savior. But this is a fact that continues to be a problem with the issue of teacher training. This research’s aim is to reveal the students perceptions who continue Pedagogical Formation Program in Amasya University Faculty of Education about pedagogical formation training with the help of metaphors. Phenomenologic method was used in the study. A total of 154 students from Education Faculty of Ankara University who proceed Pedagogical Formation Program participated in the study. Participants completed the prompt “Formation is like . . . because ...” by focusing on one metaphor. According to the results, 36 personal metaphors and 3 conceptual categories, based on the participants’ metaphorical images, were identified. Collected from the survey metaphors in 3 categories: negative metaphors, positive metaphors and neutral metaphors. Important negative metaphors, of necessity, wasted time, suffering, longing, failure, trouble, and money is ranked as. Positive important metaphors, preparation, hope, economic freedom, and maternity is ranked as. Neutral in metaphors; prerequisite, psychology, and first step is ranked as.

Educational Philosophies of the Teachers and Teacher Candidates

Şenay YAPICI — 2026-07-16

The underlying philosophy of the preparation and implementation of educational programs objectives, content and status of the application changes. With its own philosophy of education or profession because teachers do not make philosophical inquiry, no matter how well prepared, education and training programs will not be successful. This study determines that; primary school teachers and primary school teachers' educational philosophies and some of the variables was carried out to test whether there is a significant difference between the educational philosophies. The study is a descriptive study. The data were collected from two different samples, one composed of 240 teacher, the other composed of 236 teacher candidate. “Philosophy Preference Assesment” scale which was developed by Willes&Bondi (1989:52) was used to ases educational philosophies. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of .83 was measured as teacher group. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of .79 was measured as candidate group. Primary school teachers and teachers' observations of currents that flow is the highest arithmetic average Experimentalizm. Streams structured than the arithmetic averages of the free movements ranked towards what appears to be close to each other. The differences between the philosophical currents observed smaller than 80%. Teachers and student teachers are considered along with the change invariance. Teachers and student teachers do not prefer any of the philosophies of education. In addition, they may have an eclectic philosophy. As a result, there has their own philosophical conceptions. Male teachers and student teachers are conservative; also religious and cultural values are important to them. Female teachers and student teachers, student-centered. In this context, gender is an important variable. In addition, the candidates of Turkish teachers do not have educational philosophies.

The Comparison of "Life Science" In Turkey to "Citizenship and Moral Education" in Singapore in the Context of Values Education

Cihat YAŞAROĞLU — 2026-07-16

Each problem tends to search for a new solution, initiates a new learning process. Qualified i

A Case Study With English Teachers Teaching Turkish As A Foreign Languge: “Turkish An Untouched Forest”

Serra YAVUZ — 2026-07-16

Learning Turkish as a foreign language has gained importance and popularity in the past few decades. This growing demand has also brought out the need for trained educators of Turkish as a foreign language. Turkish is still being taught by academicians who are mostly have not received a training course which is specific to teaching Turkish as a foreign language. These courses are mostly being taught by educators who hold Linguistics, Turkish Language and Literature, Turkish, English, French or German Language Education degrees. In this study, self-efficacy beliefs of English teachers who are teaching their native language, Turkish, as a foreign language were measured. Data was collected through a survey, interviews and lesson observations. Collected data was used to determine the level of self-efficacy beliefs, the effects of nativeness in the target language, and difficulties in teaching Turkish grammar. Results show that even though they are the native speakers of Turkish, English teachers’ self-efficacy belief levels were low, and this state affects the choice of in-class activities and other educational decisions of the particular teachers.

Type A Personality, Stress Resources, Self Efficacy And Job Satisfaction Among Teachers

Hikmet YAZICI, Şefika GAMSIZ , Fatma ALTUN — 2026-07-16

Job satisfaction that is defined as work-related well-being of a person, is a form of assessment on job or the state of one’s job, positively or negatively. Job satisfaction is affected stressful life events such as work load and role conflict, and some psychological variables such as self-efficacy and personality. Also, job satisfaction is related to the kind and nature of the profession. There are some researches examining the teachers' job satisfaction depending on the different variables. The main aim of this study is to examine the relationships between teachers' job satisfaction and Type-A personality traits, stress resources, self-efficacy beliefs. In this study, the relationships between teachers' job satisfaction and age, gender, marital status, kind of working institution and administration experience also are investigated. The research was carried out in the academic year 2012-2013, with the participation 689 teachers (Female = 346, Male = 343) working in private and public educational institutions in Trabzon. The Personal Information Form, Type A Personality Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, Stress Sources Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale were used as data collection tools. According to the findings of the study, Type A personality traits, stress sources and self-efficacy beliefs predicted job satisfaction of teachers significantly. In addition, findings showed that age, kind of working institution were significant predictors of the job satisfaction. The obtained results were discussed in accordance with the findings of the literature and were made recommendations.

Social Change And Contemporary Values

Mehmet YAZICI — 2026-07-16

Social chance has many dimensions, features and various results related to different disciplines so that it is universal and indispensable. There are some scientific studies which deal with social chance in literature. In this article, it is tried to understand today’s social chance and comprehend the aspect of social change from the point of view that culture has common universal values despite all the varieties of cultures. For this purpose, firstly social change and secondly social values facts are to be analyzed with acquired information by literature review. And then, it is answered some questions that is it possible to comprehend in process of social change and determine the aspect of this change by analyzing modern social changes? One of the most important conclusion is that each period has own norms and values and has a style to understand and interpret it; it is determined that these values are based on transcendental resources in traditional times; rational and humanistic resources in modern times; mostly self-interest resources in postmodern times. Another conclusion is that certainty of choices and decisions are decreasing instead elusiveness and openness to different possibilities is increasing in the progress from traditionalism to modernism, from modernism to postmodernism. As a result, it is came to conclusion that it is possible to comprehend social change and determine the aspect of this change with reference to social values and by this means; time, labor and material resources can be used efficiently.

Operational Focused Literature Lesson: Teaching Doll Story Type According To Waldmanns Stage Model

Munise AKSÖZ — 2026-07-16

Literature lessons causes trouble for the learners getting education in university as well as in secondary education. Learners think that they cannot understand the literature texts even before they are analyzed in the class and the learners see them as hard, boring and nonfunctional texts. The learner who has prejudge against literature texts puts a distance between the text and himself and even if he really wants, he cannot understand the text that is done in the class. In order to solve all these problems and encourage the students’ desire of learning , literature lessons which learners can engage, produce and study independently from the teachers hold be applied. For such an application, it will be appropriate to set the example of “productive literature lesson model” that Günther Waldmann developed. Waldmann developed an approach related to literature lesson and with this approach he tried to demonstrate that learners can participate in each phase of the lesson actively. The aim is to make the students learn by both enjoying and producing, at the same time make the learning process permanent with the help of their own productions. For these, Waldmann developed a model consisting of four stages. The main purpose of this article is to indicate each stage of Waldmann’s model by applying on droll story (Schwank), how to apply this on each stage, which exercises can be done and how it can be taught with the features of droll story. Besides these, with the visualization of learners’ production ,how the literature being discussed dealt with by the students disinterestedly and how teaching can be done enjoyably can be seen explicitly. This article tries to aim at showing the contributions of Waldmann’s model with the help of story doll type in teaching also bringing a new dimension and perspective to the traditional literature lessons.

Disscussions on Privatization in Education: A conceptual Analysis

Ramazan YİRCİ, İbrahim KOCABAŞ — 2026-07-16

In 1980s, there were significant thought shifts in cultural, economical, social and political areas. These changes have raised the question if different applications can be used in education system. In addition to this, by transferring the state's commercial activities to the private sector, people started to discuss if it is possible to transfer educational activities to private sector. The purpose of this study is to handle the concept of privatization which has been widely used in various countries, to examine the relationship between privatization and financing education, to look through the examples of privatization of education in different countries. Education, whose input and output is human, is an important branch of service. Training well-equipped i

In Kayıp Hayaller Kitabı of Hasan Ali Toptaş Megical Realism

Oktay YİVLİ — 2026-07-16

In narrations of magical reality, real and unreal, ordinary and extraordinary, authentic and imaginary elements exist together without any conflict. Magical Realism flourishes especially in the twentieth century Latin American Literature. This sense results from the struggle of comprehending and narrating new reality as opposed to fantastic fictions and tales. In his novel called Kayıp Hayaller Kitabı, Hasan Ali Toptaş included the techniques and elements used in the samples of magical realism, such as de-familiarization, singularity, indefiniteness, dead people and multiple narrators. As be different fantastic in magical realism fictional people have been to become inured to in a world which is together realty and magic, just about accepted it as a natural media. Formal notice of magical realism from fantastic is that it selects spaces from realty world not imaginary world. In his novel called Kayıp Hayaller Kitabı, external reality isn’t always reflected one to one. The narration differentiates from classic narrative structure reality in terms of presentations. Event descriptions seen, heard and dreamed are presented in an imaginary order. In the novel, the nature of entities and objects are given as changed Thus it tries to catch to catch another dimension of reality. The people in the novel doubt from their own realities. What is real, what is not real become confused. After all these features, the novel studied should be considered as a magical realistic novel and should be evaluated as use aesthetics of magical realism.

A Comparative Study On The Main Characters Of The Novelsin Yüz: 1981 And Kusma Kulübü

Hasan YÜREK — 2026-07-16

The novels Yüz: 1981 and Kusma Kulübü are written by Mehmet Eroğlu. Mehmet Eroğlu, who is a contemporary Turkish writer, has written twelve novels so far. These novels are respectively Issızlığın Ortası (1984), Geç Kalmış Ölü (1984), Yarım Kalan Yürüyüş (1986), Adını Unutan Adam (1989), Yürek Sürgünü (1994), Yüz: 1981 (2000), Zamanın Manzarası (2002), Kusma Kulübü (2004), Düş Kırgınları (2005), Belleğin Kış Uykusu (2006), Fay Kırığı-I: Mehmet (2009), Fay Kırığı-II: Emine (2012) As seen, his first novel, Issızlığın Ortası was published in 1984 and his last novel Fay Kırığı-II: Emine in 2011. Yüz: 1981 was published in 2000 and Kusma Kulübü in 2004. In these two novels the times of the narratives are close to each other. In Yüz: 1981 the time is 80s and 90s. In Kusma Kulübü the time is the beginning years of 2000. Despite the fact that the main characters live in similar social conditions and times, they are different in nature. The main character’s name in Yüz: 1981 isn’t mentioned in the novel. The name of Kusma Kulübü’s main character is Umut. In this article the features of these two different characters who live in similar social conditions, and differences and similarities between them are examined. Based on these, the opinions emphasized in the novels are explained. In this study firstly two characters are examined separately and then they are compared with each other. In conclusion the issues that are discussed through the characters and messages given in the novels are examined and explained.

English Language Learners’ Attitudes to Back-seat TV Systems and Subtitled Movies

Buğra ZENGİN, Feryal ÇUBUKÇU — 2026-07-16

Given the limited exposure to the target language typical of English as a foreign language setting, English language movies or series are needed as sources of authentic input, especially concerning chunks. However, there are a number of factors that may get in the way of their utilization inside and outside the classroom. Even if all classrooms are transformed into technologically advanced, media enhanced learning environments; other constraints (especially time limits) make it necessary to seek out ways of benefiting from movies in informal settings. Nevertheless, even presuming their availability is within the bounds of possibility for people from every socio-economic background, the company they keep in this social and fun activity may induce a shift to the L1 dubbed version. Likelihood of such interference is not rare. Focusing on a university context with high-frequency intercity student commuting, this study tries to tackle the attitudes of the commuter students to back-seat TV systems and subtitled movies. Using a five-point Likert-scale to assess the attitudes of English preparation students, the questionnaire findings indicated that such a service would be welcome once initiated. It is hoped that this study may induce government, educational institutions, broadcasting and travel companies to collaborate for a solution.

National Spring In Ground Seasonal Spring Being Essence Of Life

AHMET ADIGÜZEL — 2026-07-16

There isn’t meaning of words, there is usage of them P. Giruod North hemisfere is a season in which takes place march, april, may and in spring animation of plants between summer and winter. Spring is one of the four seasons. This season include alterations in everything such as animations of plants, colorful and a good smell life. The spring is a new life, beauty. We won’t examine this beauty. We will examine spring’s Word which from spring of anation. Although Halide Nusret Zorlutuna’s “ Git Bahar, Ağla Bahar, Gel Bahar, Bahar Geldi” poems are piece of verse they are poems which follow each other. The poet, who starts her bad life with Mondros treaty, shows pictures with her piece of verses. İn her Works such as Git Bahar, Ağla Bahar, Gel Bahar, Bahr Geldi, she tells about the success of nation and save from captivity. İn this piece of verses, it is told about season of spring and Turkish nation had events and unforeseen dnager left a deep traces in Turkish nations life. These dominant components, which affact four verses of poet, form rich images and strong concepts. As willemaine mentioned, The poet express country, the civilization Turkish nation’s psychology and strugle in Anatolia in her work. The poet efforts to be Turkish nation’s language, guide. The poet also efforts to be nation’s voice with her standing i

An Evaluation Of The Views Of Secondary Education Students Over The A Of War And Peace In Terms Of Different Variables

Özgür AKTAŞ, Mustafa SAFRAN — 2026-07-16

The aim of the study was to evaluate the attitudes of secondary school students regarding war and peace. In this purpose, in the first term of 2011-2012 educational period, a practice was carried out in the central towns of Altındağ, Çankaya, Mamak and Yenimahalle in the city of Ankara. Quantitative method was used. The quantitative part of the research was carried out with 3026 secondary education students. In this part the attitudes of students for war and peace were tried to be determined. The scale of war and peace is made up of 40 items. The data obtained were analysed with SPSS 15.0 package program. In order to evaluate the data obtained in the quantitative part of the research, t test and variance analysis methods were used. The minimum differences were found between father professions’ and war-peace. Secondary education students responded to the statement “Humanity was born with the feature of belligerence” with “Neutral”. The students responded to the idea that wars are the predestination of God with “I disagree”. In addition, the students agreed that both the winner and the loser of a war suffer. According to students, wars bring about sorrow for millions of innocent people. The students also stated that even if a war ends, it can lead to other wars. The students remained neutral regarding the idea that achievements gained in wars are the greatest successes. They also responded to the idea that the sense of patriotism comes from wars with “Neutral”. On the other hand, they responded to the concept of declaring those making a contribution to peace as heroes with “I agree”. There is no study in Turkey related to conceptualization peace and war through ages. That study could contribute to history education. Wars could be studied related to its charectistic.

The Mystery Of The Zile-Elbaşoğlu Mosque Remains Under Plasters

Ali Murat AKTEMUR — 2026-07-16

Elbaşoğlu Mosque was built in 1801 by Ahmet Aga, clean-cut stone architecture, square, rectangular with remarkable inscriptions Elbaşoğlu Mosque is one of the local mosque, wood-backed and wooden ceilings. Until 2007, the walls and the ceiling, and even the altar, wooden support, wood columns, wooden gallery, galleries, in short, all the wooden elements of the mosque was covered with oil on sweet-lime plaster. In 2007, during the repair of the roof of a simple chance, with plaster falling due to the flowing water under the pen-and-repair work on the emergence of ornaments and wooden decorations samples, then stopped cleaning and scraper operations in the administration of the General Directorate of Foundations in the interior of the mosque pen-rich samples of work, with examples of wooden decorative plaster under the mystery was revealed. Cover at the top of the walls combined with Harim calligraphy on a black background with spots, including a concave border of the belt framed verse was written. Verse generation raised on the corners of the ceiling moldings created crash of beads, triangle, octagon in the middle of a field, and thus created the split surfaces. Located in the middle of the octagon octagon-shaped belly, finished with carving technique, baroque decorated with floral motifs. the four corners of the triangular roof panels are decorated with reliefs excess plastic plant. Pen-work decoration floral motifs on the walls, gallery, pulpits, pillars, such as the carved wooden elements fall floral and geometric motifs are carved in the mosque offers a wealth of eye-catching as almost free space left. Made in 1801, in the early years of the Republic, the region's unique sweet-lime paint on plaster taken off this rich decoration, wood art and pen-work ornamentation Turkey offers one of the richest.

Traditional Niğde Houses Entrance Arrangements

Huriye ALTUNER — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to group the entrance arrangements of traditional Niğde architecture, to define its place in the side arrangement, and to evaluate within the common ornament understanding occurring in the region in Niğde and its surroundings. For this, it was determined that in which section of the structures the main entrances stand and according to what this place is chosen. Then, the entrance arrangements of the houses were

On Amasya Petrifaction Legends and Motives

Tuğrul BALABAN — 2026-07-16

The wealth of topics of the the type of legends brings with the difficulity of making a common definition. Variety of topics except folklore interest many different diciplines. Defining of each field’s view, thought and perception for legend results to see their different aspects. For this reason, descriptions of legend can be made by sequencing the significant characteristics of the species. Because, legend is more than one thing at the same time. Narratives express thousands of years of experience that reason of reflections of past cultural experiences to present belief and especially they supplied from the mythological legends and named the aforementioned fed and formation of the shape of the change in the conversion. In this way, the stages in the adventure of life of the community to which they belong and they reflect the effects of the values they have today. In this study, to present 19 petrifaction which is located in the province of Amasya and the public recognition of the trail around the property that composed of several practices is aimed. Fixing legends generally located outside of farmland and steep areas. In the structure of the land and the need to wake up with the feeling of a topographical differ announcement. For this reason, they are tried to mean by analogy most of the time. Petrifaction legends tell the strain in a stone, rock or mountain formation, and they explained the origin. In this sense, the function of reporting and disclosure are fulfilled. In the study, when exhausted remedies to get rid of an unwanted situation of 19 petrifaction legends that compiled by us in the province of Amasya, it is mentioned converting to stone rather than surrender to the enemy or downgrade unwanted wishing to get rid of the unwanted situation status.

The Attitudes Of Students’ Parents Towards Tablet PC Supported Science And Technology Course

Melek BALCI, İsmail KENAR — 2026-07-16

In this research, in order to determine the attitudes of parents of primary school students in fourth and fifth grade toward tablet pc supported science and technology courses, the development of valid and reliable likert-type attitude scale and the determination of the attitudes of parents of students in that scale are aimed. Existing scales examined during the development of the scale and the basis of these studies original attitudes were determined and the draft scale was established. The validity and reliability studies of draft scale were done by applying to 134 parents of students who are studying in fourth and fifth grade in the schools where located in the city center of Usak. The scope validity of draft scale based with expert opinions. For construct validity, factor analysis was conducted. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of the items in the scale was 0.84 and Bartlett's test of significance value was found to 0.00. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.88. Scale, 12 positive, 10 negative and has a total of 22 substances. The scale which was developed after all these steps, applied to 27 experiment, 27 control and a total of 54 parents of students in the Yasar Akar primary school of Usak province. Science and technology courses are processed by conventional methods to students in the control group while the students in the experimental group was treated with the support of the tablet pc and smart boards. In the research, the descriptive model is used and the datas obtained from the scale were analysed by SPSS 17 package software. To determine the significance of the datas frequency distribution was used. The t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for pairwise comparisons, for more than two comparisons one way variant analysis was used. To determine the relationship between demographic characteristics and questions, Pearson moments correlation product analysis was applied. At the end of the study it is determined that parents of students who are in the experimental group identified the tablet pc usage in the courses beneficial in terms of trainer, applicability in the schools and student performance at the level of ineligibility. In addition, the attitudes of parents of students who are studying with the support of tablet pc were found to be positive and significant increase in level in favour of the experimental group.

Cinsel Öz-Bilinç Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Versiyonunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği

Eyüp ÇELİK — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study was adapted Sexual Self-consciousness Scale. This study involved 336 married i

Reflection Levels Of The Values Attained Explicitly In Secondary Schools In The Citizenship And Democracy Textbook

Tekin ÇELİKKAYA — 2026-07-16

In imparting values, as well as the preparation of a effective program have an important place in textbooks. The study conducted to determine the state of including values in secondary school Citizenship and Democracy textbook was carried out with document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. For this purpose, directly gain values to be determined which took place in the unit tried to determine how often and in what way in 8 Citizenship and Democracy Education Instructor program. In this study, for review were discussed in teacher's book, textbooks and workbooks that used Citizenship and Democracy Education Course in the academic year 2012-2013. This study are based on the remaining value of 17.Because of education programs targeted gain curve over 19 will gain in value in the unit values of self-esteem and altruism are not included within the values .As a result, all of the units mentioned in considering the value of the maximum liability (129), respectively, it is a national, to be sensitive to the spiritual and universal values (98) and equality (77), while the values, the values of patriotism dealt with at least (4), respectively, it is charity (9) and share (13) followed by values

Analysis of Attitudes of Preservice Teachers towards Teaching of National (Traditional) Values in terms of Different Variables

Şaban ÇETİN — 2026-07-16

Values have an important place in the formation of affective and behavioral reaction tendencies of i

Geographical Distribution And Analysis Of The Erosion Occurred In Aktakya And Its Close Environment

Mehmet DEĞERLİYURT — 2026-07-16

The goal of this study is to calculate the amount of sediments lost during the erosion occurred in the close environment of Antakya which is the city center of Hatay. In this context, RUSLE method in which Rainfall erosivity (R), Soil erodibility (K), Length of Land Slope (LS), Land Cover (C) and Support Practice Factor (P) involved were used. According to the analysis, it was calculated that the loss of soil in the study area was between 0 and 26.02 ton/ha/year. Moreover, it was determined that 22 % of the study area has severe and very severe erosion occured. This study is very important to locate the areas which are sensitive to erosion in Mediterranean region. Besides, it is helpful for the institutions and organizations who have the authority to take precautions and make decisions on their issues as an instructive work.

Geography Courses Attitude Scale: Development, Validity and Reliability Study

Selçuk Beşir DEMİR, Hakan KOÇ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of the present study is to develop reliable.and validate an attitude scale for geography courses. The study sample was composed of 476 ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade students studying in high schools in the provincial area of Sivas. The study sample was selected using random group sampling method. In line with the purpose of the study, after reviewing the literature, an item pool for the piloting process was created, and expert opinion was sought for the appropriateness of each item in the pool. The experts were asked to rate the items using a three-point Likert scale by using the labels "Appropriate", "Partially Appropriate" and "Not Appropriate". The items in the pool were revised by using the feedback from the experts before the scale was piloted. After the piloting process, the draft scale was administered to the study group. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out to identify how the scale was structured, and along with other validity analyses, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the construct validity of the scale. The data were analysed using SPSS 17.0 and Lisrel 8.51. To test the construct validity of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out. Item-test correlations, test re-test correlation and the Cronbach alpha internal reliability coefficient were calculated. In addition, a t-test was carried out to see if the items discriminated between the upper and lower 27% of the groups. According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis carried out to test the validity of the two-factor scale with 15 items, the proportion X2 to degree of freedom was slightly over 3 (3,10). Since all fitness values were within acceptable boundaries, the two-factor structure of the Attitude Scale for Geography Courses was considered to be a valid model. The Cronbach alpha reliability of the sub-scales and the overall scale (0,907) and the correlation coefficients between the subscales indicated that the scale was reliable.

The Interaction Of Turkish And Chinese Painting

Abdurrahman DEVECİ — 2026-07-16

Turks and Chinese which where neighbor for a long time during the history, has influenced each other some times as a result of the wars between them or some times as a result of friendly relations have . This influence has manifested itself more in Miniature which is a kind of Visual art. Sometimes artist Uygures who went to the palaces of Chinese Emperors have contributed to the growth of Chinese art. And sometimes art works which came from China to Central Asia were used as a model for Chinese techniques and motifs in Central Asia. This way there was near cultural and artistic ties between these two civilizations. This article after investigating the influence of these two civilizations on each other, investigates motifs which has entered Iranian and Turk miniature from China.

The Hero’s Journey: Children’s Adventure Of Being Heroes In Cinema

Filiz ERDEMİR GÖZE — 2026-07-16

Both in mythological stories -fairy tales and films the heroes always follows the same first models in their journey. This model is defined as the core unit of monomyth and it consists of three steps: “Dissociation”, “Initiation” and “Return”. First of all a hero leaves his daily and regular life and goes to the region that he is going to experience his adventure and prove himself. Here he experiences the things that will make him a hero and thanks to his enemies and buddies he wins a certain victory by passing some trials. At last the hero comes back to his home from this mysterious adventure with a power which excels the others. In general the hero is described as the man or the woman who heads to the unknown, shows the courage of going strange places leaving his/her belongings, home, family and prosperity. Indeed the journey he makes is his inner journey. Starting from this point, it is possible to say that in general the concept of hero is attributed to adult man and few women. When it is handled in terms of the children, except the films made for children, in cinema the stages of being a hero for the adults don’t work for the children. The image of the child that changed in the recent movies and analyzing the process of children’s being hero in adults’ world, composes the subject of this research. In this respect, it is aimed in this study to show that the children experience same processes of being a hero and trials of adults, in the movies that children star but adults’ being in the centre concerning the topic. Within the context of this research, two films that children had the leading role are analyzed. The first one is the film called “The Return” in which the boys star and filmed in Russia in 2003 by Andrei Zvyagintsev. The other one is called “Rabbit –Proof Fence” in which girls star and this movie was filmed in Australia in 2002 by Philip Noyce. Films were analyzed in the light of the three steps mentioned above (dissociation, initiation and return) which Joseph Campbell put forth in his book “The Hero With A Thouand Faces” and the su

Determination And Evaluation Of The Muhkem and Mutesabih (Example of Surah Fatiha)

A. Cüneyt EREN — 2026-07-16

Qur'anic verses are

Religious İdentity as Means of Ontological Meaning in Postmodern Period

Erol ERKAN — 2026-07-16

First of all, identity is the source of meaning revealing the basic points related with the existence of human. İ

Van’s Cinema Culture in Yeşilçam Period

Arzu ERTAYLAN — 2026-07-16

The increase in the number of theoretical studies concerning cinema due to the increase in the number of communication and fine arts faculties has been a stubborn fact. Many academics and picturegoers have scrutinised the past and present Turkish cinema; many new and old films have been examined in terms of their subject matters, styles, ideologies, genres, directors or the representation of a specific subject; films have been analysed through certain research methods; and eventually, a theoretically significant literature has started to be created. The significance of these kinds of studies cannot be denied. Yet, it is evident that the number of field studies in Turkish cinema falls behind the pleasing increase in the number of theoretical studies. Although there are no requirements to equalise these numbers, it is believed that the significance of field studies should not be ignored. The field studies based on the data collected from a certain pilot region have the potential to provide practical answers for problems specific to this region. In this respect, the study titled “Van’s Cinema Culture in Yeşilçam Period” is considered significant. With this study, it is aimed to obtain data concerning the development of cinema in Van and also to contribute to the advancement of the field. Such a study necessitates research studies that would offer an insight to previous periods or at least official documents that have evidential value. However, the lack of sources materials has been an important problem during the study. This problem has forced the study to be based predicate mainly on interviews and a decriptive analysis. Therefore, the interviews with the owners of old movie theatres as well as the local people of Van who are famous for their interest in cinema and art have become prominent. The date obtained; is associated with the general socio-political and socio-cultural condition of Turkey in the same periods.

Investigation Of Variables Of Peer Relationships Of Children Receiving Preschool Education In Ages 5 And 6: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study

Hatice ERTEN SARIKAYA, Hülya GÜLAY OGELMAN — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to examine whether variables of peer relationships of children who attend preschool education significantly change in ages 5 and 6 or not. The sample group of the study consisted of 78 children aged 5 and 6, who attended a private kindergarten in the city center of Denizli and 2 independent kindergartens in Tavas and Serinhisar districts in the school year of 2010-2011, as well as 7 preschool teachers. Ladd and Profilet Child Behavior Scale and Peer Victimization Scale were used in the study. The data collection process was performed by applying the scales on the same sample group once in 2011 and once in 2012. Preschool teachers filled out the “Child Behavior Scale and Peer Victimization Scale” once for each child during each application period. While the first data of the study were collected in May of 2011, one year later the second data were collected in May of 2012. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the correlated samples in the data analysis in order to examine whether variables of peer relationships of children attending preschool education significantly change in ages 5 and 6 or not. According to the general results of the study; while aggression levels, asocial behavior levels, anxious-fearful levels, exclusion levels and peer victimization levels of preschool children decrease at the age of 6, their prosocial behavior levels increase at the age of 6. Variables of peer relationships of children who received preschool education vary in ages 5 and 6. Aggression levels, prosocial behavior levels, asocial behavior levels, anxious-fearful levels, exclusion levels and peer victimization levels, which were among peer relationship variables of children who received preschool education, did not remain stable in ages 5 and 6 and showed decreases and increases.

A Researh On The Relation Between The Use Of Internet With The Purpose Of Having Political Information, Political Efficacy, Interest And Participation

Hamza Bahadır ESER — 2026-07-16

Internet is used in every field of daily life. Political behavior of i

A Critical Evaluation of Gender Related Development Policy and Projects in Turkey

Gökhan GÖKULU, Mina FURAT — 2026-07-16

In this study, how women are included in development policy, program and projects and the content of the gender equality policies of public institutions will tried analyzed in relation with the theories regarding relationship of development and women and the internationally accepted (by UN and EU) gender values. The problem of women’s development and ensuring gender equality in Turkey is only become a issue after the agreement of CEDAW with UN and the integration process of Turkey to EU. Even if the principles of increasing the women’s socio-economic status, enhancing the gender equality and elimination of all discriminations against women are stated and promised by the development plans and Genel Directorate of Women’s Status, there are problems and ambiguities in the execution of these principles. The primary reason for this is that the related principles were not accepted yet by the related public institutions (central and local) and their personal but only became an issue because of the commitments of the state to EU and UN and the lack of long term policies to be designed to alter the socially accepted judgements that prevent the equality of men and women. Instead of this, as it is observed both in the projects of public institutions, and in the non-govermental institutions, the activities carried out for sustaining women’s development and equal status with men is oriented to preparing and implying projects to increase women’s economic activities and contribute to family’s subsistence. In addition, for sustaining the sucesss of policies aiming gender equality and acceptance of these policies by the targeted social groups, the participation of these targeted social groups to the policy making process as decision makers are required.

Examination Of Land Use/Cover Changes By Using Different Remote Sensing Technics: The Case Of The Central District Of Manisa (1986-2010)

Ali Ekber GÜLERSOY — 2026-07-16

In our day natural resources fall short against endless human needs and increasing population. It is required for lands which are the leading natural resources to be used and planned according to natural environment potential. In this context on a locale scale, detailed studies are of great importance. It is possible to reach to correct results in a short time by using remote sensing technics in these studies. Data obtained by different remote sensing technics are commonly being used in determining temporal change of land cover/use. In this study the change that occured in land use of the central district of Manisa which got populated rapidly by its fertile agriculture lands and its industry was monitored. Also, the change that occured in land use was analysed in temporal by using different remote sensing technics and satellite images belonging to different years. With the purpose of presenting the current situation of land use and the temporal change, different remote sensing technics were applied. These are methods of creating NDVI images, digitising manually satellite images, and controlled classification. The accuracy of results obtained by these technics was tested by both statistical methods such as kappa and comparing results of different methods with one another. As a result of examination made, it was determined that the greatest change in land use and land cover during 24 years period including the years through 1986-2010 was seen on settlement areas with an increase by 109%, and on pasture areas with a decrease by -31.5%. During the same period (1986-2010), Manisa city enlarged at the rate of 211% (3.310 ha) in areal. There is a non-compatibility between land use and land capability classes in the central district of Manisa. For example, agricultural activities are being carried out on non-arable fields on 13% of the area. In the central district of Manisa, lands should be used according to capability classes in terms of preservation-use, and works for land use planning should be directed by interdisciplinary units which will be established.

Political Campaign Message Strategies and Voter Perception: The Case of Gumushane

Hasan GÜLLÜPUNAR — 2026-07-16

Determining campaign theme and the campaign messages depending upon campaign theme is one of the preparation phases of political election campaigns. Effective management of this process is an important step for the success of campaigns. Thus, the following points should be determined for campaign messages as significant ones: election atmosphere, strengths and weaknesses of candidate, strengths and weaknesses of opponent candidate, and socio-demographic characteristics and expectations of the electorate Political election campaign messages can be created according to different strategy or strategies. Some of them are rational, emotional, candidate-centered, and attack message strategies. This paper evaluates perceptions of voters about rational, emotional, candidate-centered, and attack message strategies in the context of a local election. A scale consisting of 28 items was formed and the data obtained was analyzed with a method of exploratory factor analysis. Accordingly, it was concluded that message strategies were able to group in four factors. These factors were named as rational, emotional, candidate-centered, and attack message strategies. In the study, it was seen that rational message strategy was perceived as the most favorable strategy by electorate. Nonetheless, attack message strategy was least supported by voters. However, there is a negative correlation between rational, emotional and candidate-centered message strategies and attack message strategy, but they aren’t significant. In addition, the paper revealed two important findings in terms of socio-demographic factors. First, middle-age voters preferred rational message strategies more than young voters. Second, voters with high level of education generally supported rational message strategies more than voters with low level of education.

Teacher Roles Adopting Disciplinary Rules In Classroom

2026-07-16

It is necessary to have a proper school and class order so that schools can efficiently attain their education and teaching purposes. One of the factors preventing this order is behaviors causing discipline problems. Discipline is the react shown by the teacher against behaviors of students disturbing learning environment and delaying their teaching experiences. Each teacher reacts differently against the same behavior. Differences in discipline understanding of teachers and the fact that classrooms have different qualifications and intensity created variety in discipline models. Despite this difference, mutual purpose of discipline models is to provide an efficient education and teaching. The cause of behavior constituting discipline problem may arise from student, teacher and family. Teacher’s duty is to apply discipline model which is suitable for classroom conditions. Disciplines that we encounter in the classroom are behaviors which are an attack to general operation of school, students’ rights and rights of people who receive education and work. There may be lots of methods adopted by teachers as discipline models; however, there is not any model about which we can say it is the best model. Teacher should provide discipline of classroom by using a part of each model whenever necessary. Although we take all the measures, unwanted behaviors occur in the classroom environment. Teacher should definitely react in case of such situation. School administration, parents and all teachers should be included in this process so that we will be able to be successful in the applied methods. While mentioning different applied discipline models; we believe that we should emphasize love model that we need more beyond these today. Love model means that our teachers who interiorized their profession see their students as their children and that they can approach them with patience.

Research On The Predisposition To A Probable Organizational Change Of Workers Who Have A-B Type Personality Features

Hakan KARA, Bülent TOKAT , M. Yekta KARA — 2026-07-16

Every reactive behaviour, whether it is proponent of change or not, will change the direction and strength of the adaptation to change of the organizations. When it is considered that the organizations that are able to adapt to change, knowing and/or predicting every reactive behaviour of workers will ease the adaptation to change. On the other hand, the change process and/or results, as a result of the personalities of workers, may lead them to an environment defined as stress. It can be said that such a situation may

Understanding Federalism

Tuncay Yavuz ÖZDEMİR, Elif AKTAŞ — 2026-07-16

Although federalism had long been a neglected phonemenon in Turkey, it came to the forefront after 1940s from time to time along with the changes experienced in the world and Turkey and it has been proposed as a solution to existing problems. Despite its nature as a measn to solve problems, it has remained in silence within the context of Turkish thought. All that has existed on this issue does not exceed a few words and articles. In other words, the knowledge of federalism in Turkey is so limited. However, in Europe and especially in the US. research on federalism has been carried out continuously and some related institutions have been established on this subject. Especially in the US. the question of whether a federal world may be established lies behind the mental background of the studies. A truer reading of this question leads to an understanding of whether the world may be Americanized. The process called globalization reminds one of the same meaning. In fact, federal system as a American Project is tried to be established into the attention of the world public. With all developments, Turkey with is close geography in the process and with its face to the western world as an ally of the US. is not to fall out of the process and is at least to understand federalism within the framework as the continuity of integration and as the solution to problems. This study is intended to contribute to a beter understanding of federalism.

An Investigation Of Primary Mathematics Preservice Teachers’ Views And Skills Towards Mathemematical Connection

Kemal ÖZGEN — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to examine primary mathematics preservice teachers’ views and skills towards mathematical connection. The study was carried out with 47 primary mathematics preservice teachers. And case study method was used. In order to determine preservice teachers views, interview form which is consisted six open-ended questions was used. In interview questions, it is tried to determine preservice teachers’ views towards mathematical connection, connection between matematics and real world, between other disciplines and among mathematics. In addition to, preservice teachers were asked to develop a mathematical problem to exemplify a mathematical connection in the context of primary mathematics lesson. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. In analysis data, the theoretical framework of mathematical connection has been considered as connection between matematics and real world, between other disciplines and among mathematics and analysis carried out in this direction. As a result of obtained data analysis, preservice teachers views towards mathematical connection benefits and types is determined. In this study, it is found that preservice teachers understanding towards connection between mathematics and real world is dominant than connection between other disciplines and among mathematics. Preservice teachers had positive views and high level awareness for connection between mathematics and real world. On the other hand, preservice teachers had views for connection between mathematics and other disciplines and among mathematics, but there were limited and didn’t occur in practice of problem solving. Besides the preservice teachers skills’ of connection between mathematics and real world, knowledge, views and experiences towards connection between other disciplines and among mathematics is need to be developed.

A Sample Of Flood Rısk Assessment: Floods In The Amık Valley

Emre ÖZŞAHİN, Çağlar Kıvanç KAYMAZ — 2026-07-16

Flood disasters are often experienced in Amik Valley, one of the most important valleys in Turkey. These natural hazards generated due to the effects of natural and human features of the valley have caused serious economic damage in recent years. In contrast to previous studies undertaken in the valley, current study aims to analyze the natural hazard along with risk potential and index in order to map and explicate the possible flood risk. Topography sheets scaled 1/25.000 and 1/250.000 and Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) data were used in the study as materials. Other data used in the study were obtained from 2012 flood identification and village briefing reports, Turkish Statistical Institute data and telephone interviews. Mapping and analysis were done by utilizing Geographical Information Systems (GIS) software ArcGIS/ArcMAP 10 package program. In addition, Cnes/Spot Image satellite images in Google Earth (KMZ) format dated 2012 were utilized with the help of Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. The obtained data were checked in situ via field surveys and missing points were completed. Method used in the study was based on adapting the system developed by Tran et al. (2008) to the study area. Study results show that the highest possible flood risk (413.96 km² - 43.49 %) in Amik Valley is observed in areas with medium risk located in the north and central parts of the valley. The areas with the highest flood risk in the valley are the western and southern parts of Hatay Airport and the rural areas around the district centers of Kumlu and Reyhanlı and the areas with the lowest flood risk are found to the east of the valley. Current study undertaken with the help of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) methods and techniques serves as a suggestion to solve the problems related to flood risk experienced in Amik Valley. Findings and results of the study will prepare the foundation for planning in the valley.

Some Thoughts On The Ethnic Origins Of The Turkish Cypriots In The Context Of Some Traditions Related With Birth

Gökçe Yükselen PELER — 2026-07-16

This study tackles the ethnic origins of the Turkish Cypriots in the context of some traditions related to birth, as some speculations have been made on the ethnic origins of this community by some Greek Cypriot and Western historians. Despite the fact that re-settlement of Turkish communities to the island right after the conquest and during the following centuries are established by archival documents, the ethnic origins of Turkish Cypriots has been made a matter of controversy in some circles. A comparative study of the elements of the Turkish Cypriot culture with the rest of the Turkic world would be an important step taken in the direction of putting an end to these controversies. The superstitions and traditions present in the Turkish Cypriot community around infertility, infant death and an evil spirit pestering infants and women after birth are compared and contrasted with those present in Turkey, which is the motherland of Turkish Cypriots, and the rest of the Turkic world. Particularly superstitions, which are formed around the evil spirit called albasti, give important clues about the ethnic origins of the Turkish Cypriots, since this spirit previously had been classified by Turkologists as a cultural entity with Eurasian origins. Comparison has demonstrated that the applications practiced in Cyprus are parallel with those practiced in the rest of the Turkic world. In some cases this parallelism reaches the limits of identity in spite of geographical distance and in some cases religious differences. This situation has put forth that the culture and therefore the ethnic origin of the Turkish Cypriots are tight-knit with the rest of the Turkic world.

Understanding Of The Contemplation Of Abu’l-Hasan El-Kharakani

Ahmet Emin SEYHAN — 2026-07-16

el-Kharakani Turkish-Islamic scholar and a great mystic, who spent in his every moment with thought and advised constantly his followers the thought, is a friend of Allah. el-Kharakani reached a depth beyond the metaphysical through depence of Qur'an and Sunnah, quidance of his murshid el-Kassab and example of spritual murshid Bayazid. When his speeches are examined, it has seen his robustness of Allah, his determination in respect of representing and notifying Islam, the importance he gave to education of his followers and the advice of thought continuously. el-Kharakani is one of the rare figures who develops on both scientific and mystical subjects and especially on mysticism subjects. When his words of full of wisdom are analyzed, contrary to the claims, it is understood that he is not illitrate and he is a competent scholar of Islamic sciences. Because it is impossible that an uneducated man told such a terse words. el-Kharakani gave striking messages when he talked about ilham in his heart and explained dialogue between Muhammed and him in spritiul realm and shared thoughts of mind his disciples. These information he gave to his disciples are to provide them to think big. He wanted them to reach these degrees when he was telling the high spiritual condition he lived. He taught that a man contemplating would plan his time and always use the time an effective and efficient manner and manage very important work. It is possible to transfer all of these religious expereinces with good procedures and methods, a serious education and training, focusing on his work and self-selecting a good role model and following his teachings. Therefore el-Kharakani took himself Bayazid, a scholar who mystic, as a role model and intended to pass him in spiritual issues and reach a higher target. He managed to become one of distinguished the figures in this area as a result of perseverance and determination and left deep effect on those who came after him.

Rights Of Persons With Disabilities On National Television Channels

Ömer Faruk SÖNMEZ, Kadir KARATEKİN , Zihni MEREY — 2026-07-16

The most significant indicator that a society is democratic is that all i

Sound Design As An Aesthetical Element In Cinema And An Example Of A Film Analysis

Mustafa SÖZEN — 2026-07-16

It is a well-known fact that the image itself, even in a film having the simplest story, does not provide enough massage. Due to a specific aesthetic predication of audio phonemena, the films, right from the beginning, started to be shown in accompany with sound. The sound element in cinematography which produces the semantic expreesion as a parlance by means of images and sounds has its own ways of use. The sound universe of cinematography is composed of dialogs, effects and music each having different ontologies. In today’s cinematography, all thse three elements were given in. For all that, in some films produced for certain aesthetic considerations and in limited numbersthe usage of effects amd music are avoided. Looking at the elements making up the universe of sound in a film from the perpective of essential functions it is seen that the dialogs are used to provide information, effects to create a real spatial and temporal feeling, and music to conceive the ambiance required by narrative. By doing so, matching the sounds in harmony with images is achieved and so the enhancement of the narrative’s reality illusion is expected. Some directors on the other hand, by pushing the sound out of its basic functions, rendering images and sounds contrary oppose this approach go in search of producing different and new meanings. This study investigates the how the sound universe disign of the film “Deli Deli Olma” directed by Murat Saracoğlu, as an aesthetic element is manipulated. In analisys, sound universe has been assesed either by structural or dramatic functional dimensions.

The Turkish Demand for Food

Mehmet Arif ŞAHİNLİ — 2026-07-16

The main objective of this study is to identify main household demand parameters in Turkey with respect to different food groups. In addition, as for the importance of this study for Turkey, it reveals the expectation that despite advanced technological developments in the globalized world of today. This is important, because food shortage, insecurity, and consumption will continue to be a challenging problem in Turkey’s economy as well as in the global economy. In this study, price and expenditure elasticities were calculated by applying to the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) approach to expenditure data for the food group acquired by the Household Budget Surveys (HBS) from 2002 to 2011. Household Budget Surveys (HBS) data were used in this study. Price and expenditure elasticities in Turkey under food group for

On the Healing Bowls and Art found in Kayseri Ethnography Museum

Şerife TALİ — 2026-07-16

In this study, Ottoman period 12 healing bowl and 1 bath bowl found in Kayseri Ethnographic Museum have been studied. Having an important place in mining art, the prayers on the bowls have been read, and talismanic harmony and figures have been evaluated ichnographically. The place of these healing bowls in the Turkish-Islamic art which are made of metals such as copper, bronze or brass has been especially emphasized. Healing the state of recovery physically and mentally are based faith in all religions, healing transferred to with different tools and more water. They are small works of art assigned iconographic meanings and adorned with various symbols by writing verse, number and letter charms on them to get rid of various ailments and woes. Charms (vefks) consisting of numbers and letters in some healing bowls are given more prayers. The concept of healing within a wide range of myth-religion-talisman (magic) triangle is turned into art on these bowls. They provide important information about the art of the period, the style, material and decoration with the religious and talismanic integration redesigned by traditions. Processed on different lines to ornament various forms of healing bowls, writing is the most important element. While inner and outer faces are limited with curbs, medallions or palmettes, the bowls are decorated with characterized human and animal figures, symbols of the planet mainly in accordance with religious beliefs. Each ornament here on bowls generally with engraved technique is symbolically an expression of a secret knowledge rather than a decoration.

The Evaluation Of The Perceptions And Attitudes Of The Hotel Managers About Recreation: The Sample Of The West Blacksea Region

Mutlu TÜRKMEN, Murat KUL , Emine GENÇ , Murat SARIKABAK — 2026-07-16

This research was carried out to find out the familiarity, participation levels and viewpoints of hotel managers about recreation. For this purpose, 83 hotel managers working in hotels located in West Blacksea Region cities, Zonguldak, Karabük and Bartın, were interviewed, and the data derived from these interviews were evaluated in SPSS 18.00 statistical program and the results of these evaluations were discussed with descriptive statistics through the tables of frequencies (f) and percentages (%). In order to define the relationships between some variables and the necessity perception of recreation activities in hotels, Pearson Product Moment Correlation was applied. According to this research it was observed that the knowledge and consciousness levels of the hotel managers is too low and their participation to recreational activities were very limited; only football and walking as physical activities and going to cinemas as cultural activities, and the participation to recreational activities frequencies were very low. Besides they had negative attitude to adaptation of recreational activities in their hotels. On the other hand, the correlation analyses put out that there was a close relationship between education levels and graduation specialties of hotel managers and their perceptions about the necessity of recreation activities. Whereas, basic demographic variables such as, age, gender, location, professional experience, income, etc. had no relationship with the attitudes and perceptions of hotel managers. According to these findings; the main obstacle in front of the development of lodging industry in the West Blacksea Region appeared to be the hotel managers themselves as they don’t have enough educational and professional background. Therefore at the end of this research it was suggested that the hotel managers should be chosen from those who had relevant and sufficient educational background.

Crisinel and His Works

Ümran TÜRKYILMAZ — 2026-07-16

CRISINEL AND HIS WORKS This study is intended to translate an original text on the life and works of Edmond-Henri Crisinel, who came to the fore with his artistic identity in the 19th century, from French into Turkish. Considering that it would be interesting to read Crisinel from the pen of Jean Pierre Monnier, a life which started in Faoug on January 2, 1897, and ended in Nyon on September 5, 1948 was examined from the perspective of intercultural and interlingual transfer, and it was presented as an example for those who are interested in literary translation. The focal point of our translation study is the transfer of the thoughts in the source text on Crisinel and his works within the scope of linguistic and literary principles and rules. In the light of this information, the language, culture, message and literary qualities in the source text were intended to be transferred into the target language, keeping loyal to the original text. In Edmond-Henri Crisinel’s poems which he transferred in an impressive and fluent way with a language full of images, Monnier portrayed the loneliness, helplessness, fear, chagrin and damnation of the poet. Unable to give up even any slightest thing for the sake of writing a poem, Crisinel believed that any real poem is born out of exorcising. In our text, attention is drawn to Alectone, the poems making up Divagations, the quartets of Le Veilleur and the small pieces making up Bandeau Noir, and their semantic meanings have been dealt with and analyzed. The years from Élégie to Nuit de Juin were the gruelling years of obligation for the poet, and at this point he effectively reflected in his poems the poetic language and expressive power bestowed upon him. Through this translation, we aim to present the views about Crisinel’s works and Crisinel, who is descended from those who cannot find good reasons to want to destroy the hell, in our language. We could also say that we intend to introduce Edmond-Henri Crisinel to Turkish readers along with his literary merit and values, thus introducing new forms of narrative and poets to our literature.

THE UNSEEN FACE OF MOBBING IN ORGANIZATIONS: REVERSE MOBBING

H.Tezcan UYSAL, Kemal YAVUZ — 2026-07-16

Mobbing is an act seen in the organizations where interaction among the i

Determination Of Computer Literacy Level Of Music Teacher Candidates Related With Their Fields

Begüm AYTEMUR, A. Can ELDEMİR — 2026-07-16

This research was carried out in order to determine the level of computer literacy and use of basic music programs of music teacher candidates who took “Computer I and II” classes. The research is based on case identification qualitative study in terms of its goal and data collection method. During data collection process, firstly, related literature was reviewed and necessary notes were taken and then the survey prepared for collecting data was conducted on a total of 145 third and fourth grade students, who had taken computer classes in Music Teaching departments of Gazi University, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University and Pamukkale University. Data obtained from surveys were analyzed by using SPSS 15.0 package program; they were presented in tables and interpreted. In the light of the obtained data, it was determined that almost all of the participants in the research had personal computers and they used computers primarily for internet, preparing homework, presentation, writing musical notes and recording music; almost none of them had computer education related with their departments before university, so they had obtained information about computer through informal ways; generally they had learnt music programs about their departments before university education, in informal ways, through their personal efforts, but this wasn’t sufficient in terms of occupation; there was a significant increase in music program use levels of teacher candidates who had taken computer class during university from an instructor from the Ministry of National Education staff; most of the music teacher candidates wanted to use computer in professional life, and this is one of the factors that increase the quality of music classes.

Relationship Between Unemployment And Oil Prices: Under Structural Breaks In Example Of Turkey (1980-2012)

Fatih YARDIMCIOĞLU, Furkan BEŞEL — 2026-07-16

A developing country and oil-importing economy like Turkey many sectors, directly or indirectly is heavily dependent on the oil as inputs for almost every industrial sector. Because of this increase in oil prices increases inputs cost, consequently increasing production costs affect unemployment rate. In addition to this increase in oil prices has affect almost several economic indicators like; inflation, economic growth, economic development, exchange rate, public expenditures, public revenues, budget deficits, interest rates etc.. In the existing literature there are very few studies (see: Dogrul ve Soytas (2010); Erkan and et al., (2011)) which is investigated the relationship between oil prices and unemployment in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-run relationship between Unemployment rates and Oil prices in Turkey over the period from 1980 to 2012 by utilizing the Zivot-Andrews and Kapetanios unit root tests, Gregory-Hansen cointegration test and Toda-Yamamoto causality methods. Zivot-Andrews and Kapetanios unit root tests resulst shows that both oil pricies and unemployment rates are stationary. According to Gregory-Hansen cointegration test result there is not cointegration relationship between Unemployment and Oil prices in the long run. The results of Toda-Yamamoto causality test shows that there is unidirectional causality relation from Oil prices to Unemployment rates as expected.

Muawiya b. Abi Sufyan As a Master of Tactic and Propaganda And Investigating Matter of Uthman's Killers

Hasan YAŞAROĞLU — 2026-07-16

After the murder of Uthman questioning his killers and punished had caused deep controversy. Because the governor of Syria, Muawiya b. Abi Sufyan, his capacity as guardian of the deceased caliph he held constant topic on the agenda, after Uthman sitting in the office of Caliphate Ali against the made intensive propaganda, tried to wear. Concerned about the death occurred in long discussions. Ali's caliphate, which lasted throughout the discussions referees 'Osman was killed unjustly' detection and resolution. Noted an improvement in favor of Muawiyah. Muawiyah also with the contribution of this development was dominated by the state. In this case, as relevant to the subject expected to take a step. But not such a thing. Entered into a profound silence. Muawiyah made propaganda in this regard hence on this topic we wonder how he has taken a stance. Arbitrators' decisions are taken, was a victory for Muawiyah. After reaching the purpose of built on top of all the policy 'Uthman killers' What did he do? Why he was never questioned this issue. Once the issue is constantly on the agenda, forgotten, It was pushed under the pad. Source books and researchs did almost no inquiry on the subject. However, Muawiyah on this issue insisted that an abnormal manner, seized the caliphate would follow it, the state had set up on this claim.

The Leader of Clemency Hünkar Hacı Bektaş Velî

Hasan YAVUZER — 2026-07-16

Hacı Bektaş Velî is a leading Turkish figure and Islamic scholar who came from Horasan and settled at Sulucakaracahöyük, and who had an important role in Turkifying and Islamising Anatolia. He devoted his life to Islam, Koran and to humanity. He explained the main principles of Islam, especially faith, worship and morals. The messages that he gave to the Turkish-Islamic society and to the world about religious, morals, social and cultural subjects still preserve their liveliness. On the one hand, Hacı Bektaş Velî illuminated the darkness through his life and works; on the other hand, he gained the love of people with his love and clemency. He tried for the elimination of hostility and for living in peace and serenity throughout his entire life. By saying “whatever you seek, seek it in yourself” he advised to behave responsibly instead of blaming others. Through sayings such as “see the seventy two nations as equal” and “Do not forget that even your enemy is a human” he exhibited the value that he gave to humans. By saying “let’s be one, great and vigorous”, he leaded the way of uniting opportunities. In order to attain this, he invited all people by saying “Come souls, let us be one.” It would be useful to understand him and his messages these days in which his messages and doctrines are most needed. This study tries to reach this purpose.

Terms Glossary of Place Names (Toponmy)

Serdar YAVUZ, Mustafa ŞENEL — 2026-07-16

Place names; have come out with natural, cultural, socio-cultural impact of named place and have always been of interest for people; have been one of the important study area of scientific works. The most important thing separating objects is their names. Name is the meaning of word to help telling, defining, reporting anyone or anything. Naming is to give a name to a living, a place, a thing to call or mention. Plato who emphasizes the importance of toponmy by saying “losing its name, the object loses its essence, too.” is the first person to give importance to toponmy science. While Platon says essence of object, he expresses the first meaning of the object, the first form of the object. These given names are definitely literary document or historical sources. These given names are definitely literary document or historical sources. Place names, the symbols of the places in which we live, are the counterpart of semiotics. So, the existence of place names gives meaning, makes visible the environments which we are in or we have never seen before and provides getting along with nature. To place names; we need to look valuable knowledge which provides us integrate with the environment in which we live and presents the distinguishing figure of the environment. Looking place names only with scientific aspect will not be true. Place names, of course, aren’t only counterpart of concrete works, natural creatures. They are semiological elements which cultural structure finds place, ideological structuring is devised, present management makes dispositions, linguistic and regional identities come into excistence, special people’s names are moved to the future, first Allah (Surat Al-Baqarah, 31. Verse) and then human being composes with his own hand. In our work, special words belonging to toponmy-we have scanned from different sources-are given with their meanings.

Historical Development Of Turkish Local Media In The United States: Case Study: Forum Gazetesi

M. Murat YEŞİL — 2026-07-16

Ethnic communities need to have institutions like culture and solidarity associations and schools to teach their children mother tongue and cultural values and places of worship to pray, news media to promote and defend their identity in order to start a new life in a foreing land without being assimilated. These are considered to be the constructive elements of the concept of diasporic communities. Here, the role of media is to introduce the activities of other elements both to the diasporic community members and to people of the foreign country they lived in. The media, that are globalized as a result of great developments in Internet technology, are expected to connect the motherland with the host country through their news stories on language, religion and cultural values. On this respect, media have an identity constructive role in diasporic communities . Another task of media is to respond to erroneous reviews and baseless reports that take place in the mainstream media of the host country, and publish the correct form of the distorted, ill-conceived news. For these reasons, it is is very important for diasporic communities to have their own local media outlets. Comparing with other diasporic communities, the history of the Turkish community media in the United States is quite new. In other words, the Turkish-American community followed other communites a great deal behind on having its own media outlets. Even though following behind, Turkish American community published a number of noteworthy magazines and newspapers. As it can be seen in the related section of this study, all the publications, except the few ones, supported financially by Federation of Turkish Association and Assembly of Turkish American Associatons and Ertegun brothers, are published by Turkish entrepreuners who sacrificed their time and effort. Most of these publications forced to turn off after publishing one or two issues. It may be said that economic problems are the main reasaons for stopping publishing. This study will examine the historical developmental stages of Turkish local media in the United States, the problems will be discussed i

Analysis Of Negotiation Skills Of School Principals

M. Cevat YILDIRIM, Ahmet KAYA , Refik BALAY , Salih YILMAZ — 2026-07-16

Schools are among the organizations that experience organizational conflict inevitably. Negotiation is one of the techniques that are used in conflict solution and management. Accordingly, negotiation skills of school principals are highly important. The purpose of the study is to analyze negotiation skills of school principals. The target population consists of 2323 teachers working at primary, secondary and high schools in Siverek, Şanlıurfa in the 2012-2013 academic year. The research sampling comprises a total of 364 participants: 151 primary, 141 secondary and 72 high school teachers that were chosen by the stratified sampling method. Personal Information Form, prepared by the researchers, and Negotiation Skills Scale, developed by Özgan, Çelik, and Bozbayındır, were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean and standard deviation and such parametric techniques as t test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Scheffe test was carried out if the difference was found significant in one-way ANOVA. Eta-squared value in one-way ANOVA and d value in t test were examined to determine the effect size of the difference that was found significant. Results show that the negotiation skills of school principals are of average level in both grand total and Creating Reliance Environment and Defending Solution dimensions. The difference among teachers’ opinions on the negotiation skills of school principals was found significant in all dimensions of Negotiation Skills Scale for such variables as gender, number of teachers at school, asking teachers’ opinions while making decision in school and school principal’s dominant management style. However, it was significant for the seniority variable in the dimension of Defending Solution only. This result indicates that these variables affect the negotiation skills of school principals.

An Investigation Of Predictive Role Of Self-Construal And Authenticity On Altruism

Mustafa Kemal YÖNTEM, Tahsin İLHAN — 2026-07-16

Altruism has been conceptualized as voluntary, intentional behaviors motivated for the welfare of others that is not motivated by the expectation of external rewards or punishments (Chou, 1996). As understood from the definition, there are factors such as intrinsic motivation, authenticity, and tend to be closer to the people on the basis of altruism. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between self-construal, authenticity, and altruism. It included 220 participants, 104 females and 116 males, aged 20-52 ( = 33.5, S = 7.44). The Authenticity Scale, the Relational I

The Effect Of Animation And Model Usage Regarding DNA Conception On The Learning Of Science Teaching Students

Mehtap YURDATAPAN — 2026-07-16

Concepts in biology cause problems in the process of learning for students. It has been thought that the explanation of abstract concepts through computer animations and making models of these concepts would contribute to the learning of students. In this study, therefore, it has been aimed to reveal the effect of animation and modeling on students learning in the process of teaching them concepts regarding protein synthesis, the replication of DNA, RNA and DNA in the lesson of Genetics and Biotechnology for third year students in Science Education Program. According to this, the question of “is there any effect of animation and modeling usage regarding DNA concepts in Genetics and Biotechnology lessons for third year students in Science Teaching?” has been examined. The study group of research is composed of 66 students of a university, who study in Science Education Program. Practices (for 8 hours) have been carried out in the four Genetics and Biotechnology lessons in which the topics of the structure and features of DNA and RNA concepts, the replication of DNA and the protein synthesis are elaborated. The class of 66 students has been