Turkish Studies - International, Year 2012 Issue Volume 7 Issue 4-II

One Of The Ottoman Cultural Centers Vardar Yenicesi And Vardar Yenicesi Poets According To Tezkires

Ramazan EKİNCİ — 2026-07-16

In the cultural history of the Ottoman, cities in the Balkan geography, such as Skopje, Plo

About Architectural Concepts In Divanu Lügati’t-Türk

Mehmet EKİZ — 2026-07-16

In those works focused on Turkish history, culture, arts, civilization and so on, especially the western Works, it has been mentioned about Turks as an inheritor of nomadic culture. While some of these might be true, most of them contain errors. Some of these works are results of lock of knowledge and inadequate research while others are results of prejudice. We think that the right works helping the mistakes in previous studies will be done vie benefitting from the studies explaining the cultures of Turks right after the settled life and via increasing the number of these studies. One of the studies guiding us in understanding the XI century’s Turkic architecture is the Divanu Lügati’t-Türk written by Kaşgarlı Mahmud. This is one of the known oldest dictionary in Turkish. Work of Mahmud that is decisive in understanding the Turkish culture, their architectural view especial after settled life and their social and geographic habitus will be essential source of our focus. Turk’s naming tradition of their imagined products and their real products and their habitats turned to be major indicator of Turk’s architecture and art perspectives. Furthermore, the new architectural onomastic practices of Turks in these spaces are decisive in order to highlight the level of onomastic among Turks.

Classification Of Relatives’ Names In Turkish Dictionaries

Selim EMİROĞLU — 2026-07-16

Turkish is one of the richest languages on the world for the number of relatives’ names it has. While there exist many words which denote relatives in Turkish, one word may express several relatives’ names in other languages. This shows both the richness of Turkish and the importance given to relatives’ relations. Turkish society has advanced and powerful relatives's relations. Through these relationships, solidarity, tolerance, cooperation and sharing of problems are targeted. Relatives’s relations are extended through marriage, adoption and other forms of relationship than blood relationship. There have been many publications and researches on relatives’ names in Turkish. We want to contribute to these publications having a look at and classifying the vocabulary from the Modern Turkish Dictionary. In this work the Turkish Dictionary which was published as the 11th printing by Turkish Language Institution in 2012 and the Modern Turkish Dictionary are investigated. A particular dictionary searching model has been used and names have been classified. We can find approximately 150 relatives’ names. These are classified as related to synonyms of relatives’ names, related to being elder, younger, related to sex, related to closeness of relation, related to oneself and foster parents, related to cultural closeness and traditions, related to men and women, related to the formation by father, mother and sibling, related to marital status, related to one word may express several relatives’ names, related to using with plural and singular meanings, related to structure of the relatives’ names, related to Turkish, foreign language and mixed language.

Relationship Between Critical Reading Skills Of Secondary School Students And Their Attitudes Toward Reading

Cahit EPÇAÇAN — 2026-07-16

Reading is an active process which increases the capacity of human knowledge, forms his thoughts and beliefs, and makes him/her gain personality. In essence of this activity, ‘comprehension’ lies as an aim. The main purpose in reading is reading comprehension and improving the ability to understand in this way. Reading comprehension is one of the basic language skills which require illation from a written material and comprehension of details and it should be made students gain even from the primary school level (Rose et al. 2000: 55). Reading comprehension skills depend on the reader's perception and recognition of symbols in written language, linguistic knowledge, mental skills and the skills related to real life. Beyond these, the reader's willingness, interests in reading, judgments, purposes of reading and the setting have impacts on the level of reading comprehension (Akyol, 2005: 3). Attitudes are also accepted to be trends which are source of favorable or unfavorable interpretations made about the behaviors of the i

Qualification Perception Of The Turkish Language And Literature Education Teacher Candidates And Attitudes To Teaching Occupation

Cem ERDEM — 2026-07-16

The concept of occcupation turns up as an undeniable field in terms of socio-cultural and economical aspects especially in sectors in which specializing is important. In this respect every sector involves distinctive components and obliges ıts workers to adapt these conditions. The importance of teaching job may be said in configuration of society in every stage and transferring some values to the i

Socıo-Economıc And Demographıc Structure Of Mut Accordıng To Temettuat Defter (1844-1845)

Ahmet GEÇER — 2026-07-16

The registry book collections (defter collections) take an important place in the private and common researches of socio-economic history of the Ottoman Empire. Tapu Tahrir Defterleri (Land Registry books), Muhimme defterleri (Private registries), Temettuat defterleri (Profits and earnings registries) are the most important defter collections of these. In this study, Temmettuat defteri of Mut town, which used to be in Mersin banner, within the province of Konya have been studied. For this purpose, 154 page – Temmettuat defter, which was numbered as 10498 from The Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives, have been transcriptioned and tables have been created from the datas. The tables have been prepared by handling the villages separately the same as in Temmettuat defter on the Microsoft Excel Programme but it hasn’t been given here since it is in long lists.The data obtained from tabulation process, administrative structure, population, names, branches of economic activity and the social status of the population, Virgi-yi mahsusa (private tax), agricultural production structure, land types, animal types and taxation , distribution of income have been evaluated under the sub-headings and the socio-economic and demographic structure of Mut town have been given in the study.While evaluating the defter some expressions such as Department of Taxation and Department of Earnings for the sections , which were not mentioned in the defter, have to be used time to time. These sections are classified according to the defter. Temettuat defter of Mut contains a lot of important information which highlight the socio-economic history as well as the distribution of tax, the amount of treated soil, agricultural activities, tithe, occupations, incomes, the names of each head of household. Along with the information given in this study and the other sources of the period considered, the socio-economic structure of Mut will be literally put forward.

From The Ottoman Empire To The Turkish Republic, Adaptation Of The Jews To The State (Moiz Kohen Example)

Şarika GEDİKLİ BERBER — 2026-07-16

Abstract The contact between the Jewish community and the Turkish people in Anatolia has started when the Ottomans conquered Bursa. By this way, the Jews in Anatolia were included in the Ottoman State by the 13th century. Moreover, beginning from the 14th century, Jews had started to migrate to the Ottoman State from Europe; aiming to escape from the violence in their homeland, these migrations had continued throughout the 15th century. In these periods, the Jews had generally no difficulty in adapting to the Ottoman State. The Jews, who confronted with new legal system and who found new community definition in the nation system of the Ottomans, had comfortably lived for centuries preserving their religion, language, traditions and customs. In the last centuries, the Ottoman State had to deal with the negative effects of the nationalism that affected the whole world . A stream of nationalism, from the Balkans in particular affected the whole empire. In this century many minorities that completed a process of nationalism started to revolt against the Ottoman State step by step. Unlike non-muslims like Rum and Armenian communities, they did not revolt against the State, even in the last century. Additionally, many Jews did not rise against the newly established state during the National Struggle. In this process of the establishment of the new Turkish state, how the Jews would adapt and live within the new state was questioned by Jewish intellectuals. It was Moiz Kohen who proposed one of the best formulations for this question, may be the best. Kohen could rationally formulate how a Jew could exist and take place in the Turkish state.

On The Common Traits Of The Azerbaijan Turkish And The Eastern Anatolia Dialects

Engin GÖKÇÜR — 2026-07-16

We call Oghuz Turkish spoken from Central Asia to Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Empire, since 11th century, as the Western Turkic. This period is

Literature Education and Ideology - Case of the Soviet Republic of Kazakhstan

Bahadır GÜCÜYETERİsa YILMAZ — 2026-07-16

The first means used for changing formation of the idealogical governing of society in desired direction is educational system and literary formation. The educational system is influental means of direct intervention by society administration. The governance who draws the direction of society determines the educational system of persons’ thoughts in society. This action captures a lot of elements as lessons and important resources at schools. And the control of literary formation is more difficult and encloses confused process. In order to realise this control the idelogical system of philologians’ thought formation should be changed in need direction or to bring up the group of philologians by incitements. İn the period of Soviet Union, both of spoken methods were used for the control of literary formation. Some of them were supported and other groups were ignored, even some of them were killed. Any element which was out of this system or persons who struggled against it couldn’t exist anymore. The ideological system which controls literary product in this way limited the literature education in new formated literature frame. This work about the book of Kazakh Soviet Literature for 10th form school pupils in the period of Kazakh Soviet Socialistic Republic deals with the way of ideological state formation by literature education.

An Assessment On Graduate Studies Carried Out In Turkey On Provincial As Well As District Dialects

Metin GÜLER — 2026-07-16

ABSTRACT Research and analysis work over the Turkey Turkish dialects has been conducted for about 150 years. Having attaracted the local researchers since 1940, these studies have increasingly gained momentum in academic level for the last 40 years. Accordingly, a * Okt. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Gskenderun Meslek Yüksekokulu, El-mek: metin.guler52@gmail.com 1836 Metin GÜLER Turkish Studies International Periodical For the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 7/4,Fall, 2012 number of studies in academic level related to provincial and district dialects have been conducted in universities in Turkey. These studies particularly based on collecting texts have been increasingly carried out unintermittently since they were started in our country. Discussed in this study, is the status of completion of the provincial and the district dialects in academic level in Turkey. Aimed herewith is to provide concrete data for those who are interested in studying Turkey Turkish dialects. To this end, a list is included to determine any provinces and districts for which dialects were studied on graduate level and or vice versa. Also included are tables showing the districts and provinces where such studies have been completed. Finally, the completed dialect studies were tabulated according to the Anatolia dialects classification by Professor Leyla Karahan. Data fort his study listing the graduate studies in over universities upto October 2012, were taken from the Bibliography of Turkey Turkish Dialects by Professor Tuncer Gülensoy and Associate Professor Ercan Alkaya, in addition to the thesis search page of The National Thesis Center of the Council for Hıgher Educatıon (YOK). It was found out at the end of the assesment that no studies have been made on dialects of nineteen provinces despite the fact that there have been a number of such studies on the dialects of a good many dwellings including cities and towns within the borders. Accordingly, it was determined that dialect studies for 135 out of 852 towns in Turkey have been completed.

A Comperative Research On Nasreddin Hodja And Till Eulenspiegel

Hacer GÜLŞEN — 2026-07-16

The comparison method is an important method that sets forth the similarities and differences between the people and the objects and is used frequently within the Daily life. The literature study carried out by using this method is called Comparative Literature. This article covers a comparative research on Nasreddin Hodja and Till Eulenspiegel. As is known to all, Nasreddin Hodja and Till Eulenspiegel are the humour masters brought up by Turkish and German community, respectively. Both humor masters reflected the cultural sensitivity and wittiness of the country they are living on in their jokes. There are different interpretations on whether they really existed or not. There are quite a number of people who think them as fictional characters and some who think they really lived. Nasreddin Hodja has been a symbol of love, peace and understanding that extended to the whole world from Anatolia. They were called with different names in different geographical areas. Nasreddin Hodja and Till Eulenspiegel were not only loved by the people of the country they belonged to but acknowledged and loved in other geographies as well. These folk heroes have been a kind of instructors for their communities. While Nasreddin Hodja has represented the point of view, sensitivity, values system and the belief of the Anatolian people, Tıll Eulenspiegel has represented the point of view, sensitivity, values system and the belief of the German Community he belonged to and represented. Humor that joined them on the way that moves from nationalism to universalism is a paramount art that will join all the world people on the same way. These folk heroes that continue to make people smile and think even after their death are forming the resources of the new and nice works.

Reasons Behind Non-Muslims’ Allegiance To The Ottoman State

Ramazan GÜNAY — 2026-07-16

From the year of establishment on, the Ottoman Empire carried out a policy of enlargement towards the west where non-Muslim inhabited. As it set out with the idea of “Gaza” (holy war), the Ottoman Empire first annexed the west of Anatolia and later the central regions of Europe and the Balkans. The Ottoman State did not interfere with the established rules, traditions and beliefs of people who were old residents in the new conquered lands. It gave large freedoms to people in conquered lands and preferred to make a harmony with them and classified the citizens under its rule according to their religion/sect. It is not sensible to claim that just military power led non-Muslims, who lived under the Ottoman rule for about five/six centuries, to live under the rule of another state for so long. Within the frame of the rights of Dhimmies and national system, religious, juridical, economic and social rights granted to non-Muslims help us understand the reason why non-Muslims were loyal to the Ottoman State for so long. In this article, the causes of faith of non-Muslims to the Ottoman State have been assessed and this assessment has been made based on the sources of that period. These documents from Ottoman Archives, which have not been used yet, belong to Ottoman period from 16th to 19th century. These documents have been selected from Şer’iye Sicilleri (the Qadi’s archives/Shari’a local court records) and Ahkâm-Şikâyet Defterleri (Register of Complaint Decisions) called records of Divan-ı Hümayun (Council of State).

TAHSİN YÜCEL’S YALAN IN TERMS OF INTERTEXTUALITY

Ayşe Eda GÜNDOĞDU — 2026-07-16

Intertextuality is the basis of Postmodernism and Deconstructionism and it is a text analysis method which developed such a linguists and semiotician like Kristeva, Barthes, Riffaterre, Genette. According to Intertextuality, each text connects a spontaneous relation and, in this context each text has meaning to its reader depends on reader’s knowledge and process of reading. The aim of this study, to evaluate the Intertextuality concept in historical process and to analyze Tahsin Yücel’s novel, Yalan, as part of Intertextuality. The evaluation carried on from the point of citation -reference and allusion. As a result concluded that in the novel, using Intertextuality items, citation - reference and allusion methods typically and this usages is reinforcing the novel in many aspects. In the novel, not only using contemporary Turkish literature and world literature’s authors and literary works and but also using citation -reference and allusion methods about music, paint, philosophy, linguistics fields. In this context, the novel has characteristic of being polyphonic narration about Intertextuality.

The Mourning Tradition In Reşadiye Region

Samettin GÜNDÜZ — 2026-07-16

Culture defined as way of life. Such definition means that every society has its own culture. As it is seen the culture separate societies from each other with all respect. Culture is naturally both changes and traditional. In communitarian societies the changing side of culture is written culture and the traditional one is oral culture. The oral culture is more effective in traditional societies than developed societies. In The traditionist societies the reflex against chance is more powerful. How powerful the traditionalist structure in societies, the effect of oral culture and the fact that oral culture hasn’t been written there has been great damages in Culture. As it is clearly seen the technological and economic developments fasten the loss in oral culture. Both active and unpredictable environments and cultural developments in this axis and cultures encounter each other's efforts to influence profoundly negative impact on oral than written culture. So the traditional culture not prepare itself such an interaction loses a lot.

Comprehension Difficulties For Turkish Teachers

Nail GÜNEY,Talat AYTAN,Abdulvahap ÖZER — 2026-07-16

Turkish education aims listening ,reading , speaking , writing , main language skills and developing grammar learning field.In order to gain all the aims in each field , different methods and techniques are used in accordance with the factors such as student , subject .education environment . The aim of this research is to find out the subjects which the teachers at Secondary School find difficult to teach and also to find out the methods and techniques which are applied to teach these subjects.The research is a survey in form.As data gathering means in the research , interview form approach as qualitative research method is used . The study group of the research consists of 9 Turkish teachers , determined up to maximum

SOCIOLOGICAL MEANING OF BEING “JAAFARİ ON THE PATH” RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALAWISM AND JAAFARISM

Özcan GÜNGÖR — 2026-07-16

The existence of Alevism maintains new adopting and synthesis approaches since the beginning of Turkish Islamization process. Since Alevism is a syncretic religious group, it is influenced by the territory (living area) in the historical process, culture, tradition and the beliefs of the cultural luggage. Alevism is affected by the Jaafarism which is one of the religious groups in the Islamic history. Anotolian Alevis have specific belief structures in their own roots. This embodiment includes the differentiating features with Shiism and also Sunnism. These qualities evolved as a result of the historical and social conditions over an extensive period of time. When we look at the details of this process, there are several different points of view regarding the relationship between Alevism and Jaafarism. In our study, we have discovered six different perspectives from sources of sociological studies, historical documents and ideas from certain Alevi writers regarding the relationships between Alevism and Jaafarism. We will discuss the topic in our paper from these points; a) traditional Sufi (mystical) Alevism, b) urban/secularist Alevism, c) Hanafi Bektashism/Alevism, d) syncretic Alevism, e) Jaafari Alevism and f) objector Alevism. We determined that traditional Sufi (mystical) Alevi path, Hanafi Alevi line, syncretic Alevism and objector Alevism will take on a serious role in the discussions of the nature of Alevism in the future from these perspectives on the relationship between Alevism and Jaafarism. Although other considerations will continue to arise within Alevism, they will remain marginal.

THE DİFFİCULTİES THAT ARE FACED WHİLE THE APPLİCATİON OF READİNG ACTİVİES IN TURKİSH LESSONS FOR SECONDARY SCHOLLS

Mesut GÜN — 2026-07-16

ABSTRACT In our country, after the year 2004, new primary school curriculums were prepared abandoning traditional educational approaches. One of the new programs that are used in this context, Turkey inspired by constructivist approach to education Elementary Turkish Course (6-8 Classes) Training Programme. As the new curriculum aims to raise students who reconstruct what they read, who have critical and creative thinking, who can produce solutions to daily issues, we can say that the reading activities which are used in Turkish lessons in secondary schools have to be in harmony with the new curriculum's reading objectives. In the research, Turkish teachers' problems with reading lessons applied research activities were determined. The main objective of the research activities of reading, reading the new program based on the objectives of the incompatible aspects of the teachers' opinions to determine what is going on. To be able to reach the research data, the quantitative data which was collected by a survey including 140 Turkish teachers about their opinions on the reading activities in the course books was analyzed according to the sub-purposes of the research by SPSS Windows 11.5. Additionally, 15 teachers were interviewed using an interview form and the results were evaluated with the content analysis method. At the end of research primary school teachers in Turkish Turkish lessons were facing many problems in the implementation of reading activities. These problems can be listed to be; activities to engage students withdraws, fails to activate students in activities, lack of time allowed for the implementation of activities, activities that contribute to the students' critical and creative thinking does not provide enough power, activities are not suitable enough students to acquire the habit of reading, activities, students' language, communication, learning and comprehension skills are not suitable enough. It can be said that the reading activities in the course books in order to remove the problems which were determined in this research will help new Turkish curriculum reach its goals.

The Solution In The Light Of Documentation Sell Houses That Is In 45 Numbered Seriye Registry Notebook Of Expansion Of The Houses Of Districts Of Konya Between The Years Of 1714 And 1715

Hicran Hanım HALAÇ — 2026-07-16

Historical researches generally prefer to examine some of the events described as landmark of the historical variations instead of dealing with the daily life of past periods. The reason is that it can comparatively easy to reach the enlightening data which labeled as traces on historical process. However, when the topic is about the distribution of houses made up districts in the cities of past, there are almost none specific studies which are used as a primary resource. In general the used writing of last quarter of XIX in the history of jurisprudence and sosyo economic history are not only juridical,in the same time the registry is loaded by administrative and municipal funcitons. The ottoman history will illuminate the unknown directions in the social,political,administrative,economical aspect or will fulfill the remaining directions in the registry.In general in the used writing the history of jurisprudence and sosyo-economic history ,registries are amed to rotate the Point Clouds substracting the Parameter of Arcihitecture to the light of the day. In this research article,is introduced the importance of Konya that has been increasing since Turks and Anatolia met. In the two annual period between 1714 and 1715, is tried to recognize the usability of city restitution works and discover the mysterious remaining by traveling to districts of Konya with the help of done solution in the light of relative parameter acquired by primitive recourses using analyzer typology related to houses that are in the documentation houses sales Konya numeber 45 Seriye Registry NoteBook. In this article,is brought up to appear the sample of synthesis in oder to come together the historians of architecture and the specialist of restutition.

“Genre” Problem In Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar’s Fictive Works

Özgür İLDEŞ — 2026-07-16

Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar is one of the sui generis authors of the Turkish literature in terms of both the themes he dealt with in his works as well as the way he treated these themes. Hisar, having original qualities, differed from the dominant social realistic literary understanding of his time and created his works in his own way. Hisar, who was born during the Tanzimat (Re-organisation) Period in 1887, began to write his fictive works at a fairly advanced age of 54 (1941). Hisar tried to resolve his unhappiness in life by mentioning the old good days of his childhood and teenage years, and created his fictive works by reference to those happy days. Hisar’s tendency to refer to his past while writing his fictive works, brings with itself the problem of “literary genre” in his works. Hisar’s fictive works Fahim Bey ve Biz (1941), Çamlıcadaki Eniştemiz (1944) and Ali Nizami Beyin Alafrangalığı ve Şeyhliği (1952) are considered to be novel by critics, yet under the name of these three works we see the the word “story”. Actually when we read his works, we clearly see that Hisar essentially based the plots of his works’ to his “memories”. As to the structure of the article; firstly, Hisar’s understanding of fiction is mentioned, and then Hisar’s above-mentioned three fictive works are analised in terms of the expressions in those works that display resemblance to the genre of “memory”, and finally the genre of the works is discussed.

The Past Of İn The New: Reflection The Divan Poetry Of The Tanzimat Period Novels

Nilüfer İLHAN, — 2026-07-16

The superiority of Western civilization the Ottoman state agency adopted a new civilization known as the Tanzimat period; the political, social and radical changes in the field of literary take place in creates a turning point. They tried to implement the values of a new civilization, the intellectuals of the period is usually either a dualistic attitude in social life or a settle up engaged in this work. Beginning of the reckoning and this literature is in the field of Divan poetry set forth the new can be said of literary understanding. Divan poetry, exaggerated expression, flowery language, and social issues by asserting that stood far away from telling a new way of life can never answer this literature is studied with the help of various species. İndicating the presence of community life in the West with the translations of the Tanzimat period and deducted in the form of a new life style interpreter of the criticism embodied in the novel in question, the perception of the new literature put forward in the Divan poetry. Namık Kemal in particular, including novels, classical literature in other types of craftsmen mesnevi Tanzimat, kaside and to establish partnership with the gazel, the new expressive tecniques are not practiced in this species. İn his way, classical literature, as part of a tradition, as well as facing a critical tradition in the minds of the new products was included in the new. In this study describes in the plain language the realites of society in pursuit of after giving the Divan poetry views of Tanzimat craftsmen, novels, how these views were committed to answer.

A Bibliografphy Study about Particles İn Turkish

Birol İPEK,,, — 2026-07-16

Abstract Many bibliographies on various topics was conducted in Turkish. This study was conducted on Turkish prepositions include bibliographies. Particles are the words making a sense when used together with other words with no meaning on their own. Particles are one of the eight types of words being used in Turkish. Particles within Turkish words rank as auxiliary word class. Because they are auxiliary words, they have a wide usage area. Several studies have been carried out in respect to the roots, functions and usage area of particles. However, no bibliography study on particles has been done so far. We have created a particles bibliography by gathering, to some extend we can reach, the studies carried out on particles. When choosing bibliographies studies have included working more directly to the subject of particles. Bibliography attempt study contains articles published in periodicals, statements of congress, convention and symposium, master and doctoral studies, and books related to particles. This study contains publications discussing the subject of particles from old Turkish to the present day. With regard to integrity of the subject, it was also given place to bibliography discussing particles in Contemporary Turkish Dialects and Turkey’s Turkish Dialects. We aimed at such study to provide more convenient access to particles bibliography for scientists and researchers who want to do research on particles. Studies ordered by the authors last name. Articles and papers names in quotation marks "...", are given in the track of the names are written in italics. In this study, Bibliography, particles scanned resources and constraints sections. The study included a total of 114 given in the bibliography.

Funeral Song (Mersiye) That Was Written By Munis Who Turkistan Poetry And Historian In The 19th Century For Avaz Inak

Hayrullah KAHYA — 2026-07-16

The pathetic texts specifically express kindness and sorrows because of deaths of famous people after their death as written in verse. This texts called sagu in Before Islamism Turkish Literature, ağıt in Turkish Public Literature, mersiye in Divan Literature. Funeral songs are important in Turkish literature. This sort of verses which are seen from Orhun inscriptions on which have been written caused by death of masters, princeses, statesmen and sultans. This study concerns funeral song (mersiye) that was written by Munis Harezmi (1778-1829) who was a famous Uzbek poet and historian in the 19th century in consequence death of Avaz Inak (1791-1804) who was Khiva’s master. In study, it has been given the knowledges about firstly biography of Munis and then biography of Avaz Inak according to a handwritten manuscript that called Firdaws al-iqbal which was written by Munis. Lastly we have been dealt with funeral song (mersiye) that was written by Munis Harezmi due to death of Avaz Inak. This poetry has been written with the 19th century Chagatay Turkish which has been received from manuscript copy of Istanbul of Firdaws al-iqbal. Mentioned poetry is style of terkib-i bend and it has nine bent. Besides we were added vocabulary of the poem at end of the study.

An Analysis On Phonetic Occurrences Which Of Loaned Words In Turkey Turkish

Veysel İbrahim KARACA — 2026-07-16

A society can not live without making contact with other communities. Every community must interact with each other except the non-primitive societies which have been isolated from the world. It is inevitable for languages of communities that have cultural, commercial and social connection not to effect one another. This interaction, taken place from upper culture to sub-culture, producer to consumer, provides the exchange of words through the loaned words. These loaned words as outcomes of communication and modernity, exist more or less in every languages. Turkish is a language have an interaction with various languages through its history. As in every language, socially, economically, diplomatically and culturally had an interaction, in Turksih also, there are loaned words from the first written texts to today. In this study, we undertake phonetic occurrences of loaned words in Turkish. This study is an synchronic work, based on 10th edition of Türkçe Sözlük (Türkish Dictionary) published by Türk Dil Kurumu (The Institution of Turkish Language). The total loaned words which are belonged to east languages (Arabic, Chines, Ermenian, Iranian, Georgian, Indian, Hebrew, Japanese, Malaysian, Mongolian, Russian, Sudgish, Tibetan ) and compose the scope of the study, is 8.991. The determination of source of the loaned words are done based on the information in Türkçe Sözlük. Our study, limited geographically on eastern languages, is an analyze on %58.63 of total loaned words.

On The Imperative Mood/Modality In Turkish

Fevzi KARADEMİR — 2026-07-16

In the studies on Turkish grammar, the imperative mood/modality and the optative mood/modality are treated as two separate moods/modalities; however, in several studies examples given to explain this topic fail to highlight the distinction between the conceptual areas which are marked by the moods in question. Information on markers of the optative mood/modality differ from one resource to another; in some resources, it is suggested that imperative is expressed without using any morphemes, while in others the morphemes which are thought to mark the imperative and the person together for all persons except for the second person singular are listed. Moreover, in some studies it is advocated that the person cannot give imperatives to himself/herself, thus there is no conjugation of the first person singular, but in other studies this idea is opposed. These inconsistencies/discrepancies and the complexity stemming from the differences in approaches hamper teaching of this subject to a great extent. In the present study, it was aimed to highlight the problems hampering teaching of the optative mood/modality and thus contributing to the solutions of the said problems. To this end, first of all the concepts of mood, modality, aspect, imperative and optative were examined, and then whether there was a distinctive imperative mood different from the optative mood in the period from Old Turkish to Modern Turkish was investigated over the samples supporting the existence of such a mood. The following result was concluded from the data that were gathered: Imperative is a kind of featured desire which is achieved in an order of hierarchical relationships. It is a mood which reflects the speaker’s attitude toward the carrying out the action or not carrying out it. This mood has morphological, lexical, syntactic and prosodic markers. In the period from Old Turkish to Modern Turkish, a standard mood the primary function of which was to express imperatives and which had conjugations of six persons did not exist. In fact, the structure, -AyIm, -AlIm; -Ø, -Xn(Xz); -sXn, -sXnlAr, which was proposed as the imperative mood in studies of grammar is an optative mood. Expressing imperatives is only one of many functions of this structure in conjugations of different persons, except for the first person singular.

The Dialect Of Turkish Immigrants Who Migrated To The Balkans In Bafra And Some Of The Characteristics Of Their Dialect

İlknur KARAGÖZ — 2026-07-16

Abstract The migration waves which happened different times, from the Balkans to the various parts of the Anatolia, has affected dialect geography and gave rise to some dialect islands among the local dialects. This event should be considered in the studies of Turkey Turkish dialects. That should be stated which region they appeared geographically and what arte the phonetic, and morphologic characteristics of this dialect islands. How dialects of immigrants affected local dialects or vice versa are the topics which waits to be researched. One of the cities that Balkan immigrants were located is Samsun. Because these immigrants were earning their life from agriculture and livestock the found these lands fertile and suitable to settle. The immigrants who settled in Bafra consist of both Eastern immigrants, Caucasian, Crimean and Albanian both immigrants who came from Greece in accordance with the Population Exchange and immigrants migrated from Bulgaria after the population exchange. The exchanged were settled in following villages of Bafra: Aktekke, Asar, Bakırpınarı, Cırıklar (Tütüncüler), Darboğaz, Çelikler, Çetirlik, Derbent, Develi, Domızağılı, Duhaçlı, Eldavut, Evrenkuşağı, Gökçesu, Hızırilyas (Hıdırellez), İkiztepe, Kapıkaya, Kaydalapa, Kostantinuşağı (Yeniköy), Kuzulan, Selemelik, and Sürmeli. Immigrants migrated from Bulgaria were settled in following villages of Bafra: Muamlı (Altınay), Hotmeşe, Ağcaalan, Büyükyeraltı and Küçükyeraltı, Sarıköy, gelemağrı, Domuzağılı, Martıkale, Dedeli, Kapıkaya, Selemelik, Kaydalapa, Bakırpınarı, Lengerli, Suğlaş, Gökçeağaç. In this study, it is going to mention general dialect characteristics of immigrants who originated in the Balkan Turks except for immigrants descended from other ethnic groups (Albanian, Pomaks, Circassian, Georgian etc.)

Healing Distributors of Siirt Folk Culture: Holy Waters

Rezan KARAKAŞ, — 2026-07-16

The holy water which purifies from material and moral filths is used for many purposes such as supplying various necessities of public, cure, fruitfulness and having a child in Siirt’s present society as like ages of myth. In district, the huge part of water known as “holly” is near the tombs and graves and this water have holiness because of various stories about Sheiks and religious men. For instance; a narrative related to herbal water, known as “Green water” is shaping around the religious character of İsmail Fakirullah; the other hand, the water benefit from Sheik Arab Tomb, is about a person having the degree of Sheik. As another example; “The salty water”s story is about a woman saint made acquire the holiness to water. The well holes being the tombs of Şeyhü’l Hazin, Şeyh Halef, Şeyhü’s Sibre, Şeyhü’l Horani, Şeyh Cerrah, Şeyh Termo and Şeyh Münkedir are benefited for curing different illnesses both drinking and bathing. Bathing ritual with the water of holes in tombs or graves, is not more than the first cosmic repeat. Bathing this water or touching, drinking will arrange the meetings of human being and water so people will rebirth. The rituals about “water” we state in Siirt culture, came into existence with the Islamic perception and continued their function with “the Eren culture”. In many mythological system, “the water” being the symbol of birth and life and having the leader part of universe are seen as the cure for almost every problem especially to have a child and to get rid of diseases. So, this tombs and graves continue to being “haunted places” for cure searchers.

A Study On The Coordinate Sentence

Serdal KARA — 2026-07-16

Looking at studies on Turkish Language, it is understood that linguists’ “sentence” descriptions are almost the same, however they think differently on the issue of description or classification of more than one independent sentences which are attached each other in different ways. The main reason of this is that while some linguists focus on form of the issue, others focus on semantic. When one analyses studies about coordinate sentences one can see that this type of sentence is dealt with under various headings and that different definitions are given for it. When one looks at these definitions one can determine different approaches: are coordinate sentences just a type of sentence that is su

The Technique Of Letter Novel And Two Samples From Turkish Literature: Mektup Aşkları And Kedi Mektupları

Evren KARATAŞ — 2026-07-16

Although the letter type has fallen from grace since it has lost its importance against the new communication options appeared as a result of technological developments, it is seen that this type has formed a remarkable experience in literature tradition. The communication theorists indicate that, in a broad meaning, not only the written texts are letters, a product which has the aim of communication is a letter indeed. Accordingly, whether it is primitive or improved, every art type is a letter actually just because these products have also a sender, a receiver and typical communication language. For example, it is very much possible to tell something by using colours or patterns on a carpet to its drawee who belongs to its period or centuries later. According to a strict sense, as being written communication objects, the letters are turned into efficient tools in a novel. The letters in novels are sometimes used as the elements of a plot which are referenced when they are needed, or sometimes the complete novel itself consists of letters listed consecutively. The “Kedi Mektupları” which forms one of the sample of this study conforms the novel tehcnique of the first type, while the other sample “Mektup Aşkları” conforms the novel technique of the second type. Since having the properties of being confidential and subjective, requiring sincerely and natural expression, being written by the first singular person mouth, conveying a variety of news and secrets, and giving a pluralist point of view because more than one tellers involved in the text, letters form an appropriate ground for a novel which is a fictional and volumed type of literature. These properties of letter type told above are studied in the samples used in this study. At the beginning of the study, a brief history of letter type is emphasized, then the development of letter and letter type novel in both Turkish and world literature is explained. After giving an explanation about the properties of letter type, short findings about why especially the female writers use the letter type are stated. The study is ended with the evaluation of the novels of “Kedi Mektupları” and “Mektup Aşkları” about the letter technique.

Social Studies Candidate Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Human Rights Education

Kadir KARATEKİNZihni MEREY, Ömer Faruk SÖNMEZ, Zafer KUŞ — 2026-07-16

Human rights education is the type of education that should be provided to i

Validity And Reliability Study Of An Attitude Scale Intended For Contemporary World Issues

Gökçe KILIÇOĞLUUfuk Karakuş,Talip Öztürk — 2026-07-16

Today’s’ various problems that affect our environment and our world has increased steadily in recent years and the seriousness and importance of this issue is seen by countries more in time. Existing problems, which effect people and the environment in a negative way, exceeds the limits of the countries and the problems threaten the whole world and human life in many ways. In this study, it was aimed to develop an attitude scale towards the today's world problems’ by the help of perceptions of students who are studying in various fields of education faculty. The working group consists of a total of 477 undergraduate senior students who are studying in 4 different departments of Gazi University, Gazi Faculty of Education during the 2011-2012 spring semester. The reason for choosing senior students is the idea that these students will be more informed about the problems of today's world. In early stages of development of the scale, literature review and expert opinions was conducted before the item pool of 45 items was created. These items were matched to five-degree Likert-grade options. These options are arranged in the form of: “(1) strongly disagree”, “(2) disagree”, (3) not certain “,” (4) agree “and” (5) strongly agree” and then scored. In order to determine the validity of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done and item discrimination scores were calculated. In order to determine the level of internal consistency, reliability of the scale was calculated. As a result of these processes, the remaining scale, a total of 24 items, were grouped under three factors. In final form 24-itemed scale KMO was calculated as 0.936; Bartlett test was calculated as ?2 = 4721.614, df was calculated as = 276, and p value is determined as p<0.001. As a result, it can be said that the scale of attitude towards the problems of today's world in order to determine their thoughts on this subject to be a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Teachers Views Moving Visual Elements In Elementary Turkish A Critical Look At Textbooks

Abdulkadir KIRBAŞ, Salih Orhan , Yakup Topal — 2026-07-16

Abstract The aim of this study, prepared by the Ministry of National Education in the academic year 2011-2012 are processed / taught 8 Turkish textbooks in the class of visual elements (pictures, photographs, cartoons, etc..) Turkish views of teachers, by addressing a critical examination of Turkish textbooks. The study group, 35 primary schools serving the town of Erzurum province Palandoken Turkish teacher is 92. I completely agree with the views of teachers to determine the 13-item data of the study, agree, undecided, disagree, strongly disagree-shaped 5-point Likert-type rating scale Turkish Textbooks Teacher's opinions about the visual elements (Uzuner, Aktas, Albayrak, 2010: 729) were collected. Turkish teachers and Turkish educators in the research of this scale, in consultation with the researcher / s and 18 substance was developed by. The validity of the scale developed in the scope, understandability, and reliability is provided. The reliability coefficient alpha of the scale is determined as 0.84. The views of teachers in determining the matter on the basis of frequency (n) and percentage (%) was used. As a result, Turkish teachers, 9th, 10th, 12th, 13th, 15th I completely agree with the questions, only 17 agree with the question; 1, 4, and 7 I am undecided questions; 16 Question, disagree, 5, 11 and 14 to have responded to the questions in the form of strongly disagree, 18 I completely agree with the question, and I agree, 2, 3 and 8 I am undecided, and disagree with their answers to questions about the form have been identified. The results of the research action 8th Class of visual materials in Turkish textbooks are insufficient to develop speaking and writing skills, but enough to be concluded that the issues in terms of disclosure and integrity issues.

The Relationship Between Academic Procrastination And Technology Usage Of Teachers

Gonca KIZILKAYA CUMAOĞLU, Yelkin DİKER COŞKUN — 2026-07-16

Almost 20% of the adults admit they procrastinate when faced with routine tasks such as paying bills, paying taxes, or undergoing medical examinations (Schouwenburg, 2004; Rosario, Costa, Núñez, González-Pienda, Solano, Valle, 2009). Procrastination is the purposeful delay of the start or completion of a task (Solomon, Rothblum, 1984; Brownlow, Reasinger, 2003). In the literature there is five sort of procrastination; general procrastination, Academic procrastination, general or life routine procrastination, decisional procrastination, neurotic procrastination and compulsive or dysfunctional procrastination (Ellis ve Knaus, 1977; Ferrari, 1992; Johnson ve Bloom, 1992 Akt: Balkıs et al., 2006). The reason of procrastination can be typical life problems as well as career planning and lack of time management ability (Zimbardo, Boyd 1999, Ferrari, Morales, 2007). Also procrastination may be associated with self-regulatory beliefs concerning the extent to which one exerts influence over important outcomes in one’s life (Howell, Watson, Powell, Buro, 2006, 1521). With typical reasons teachers’ academic and professional development can be affected from procrastination and it ends with canceling. The purpose of the study is determining teachers’ academic procrastination levels and investigating the correlation of their procrastination with technology. In the study, Aitken (1982) academic procrastination scale and technology usage questionnaire was used as data gathering tool and 115 teachers were participated to the study. It is found that teachers academic procrastination levels are in middle ( =52,63) and it differentiate with respect to following agenda. There is no significant correlation found with their procrastination scores and technology usage. But teachers score which assigning to students web and computer related homework and use computer based video in class were significantly higher from others.

Similarity Between Commentator Şem'î Şem'ullah's Method Of Interpretation For Mesnevî And Walter G. Andrews's Syntactical Text Interpretation

Turgut KOÇOĞLU — 2026-07-16

From the past to present texts, needed to explain, have been interpreted by people who think that they have better understanding than the others. Islamic literature, in order to understand the basics of texts beginning with the Koran and the hadith also interpretation activities affect literary works. After acceptance of Islam, particularly religious works and the other many works were translated and were interpreted from Persian and Arabic to Turkish. In time, these activities have caused to appear annotation system. In Turkish literature, literary texts were interpreted with traditional annotation system until the twentieth century. On the other hand after this century different methods can be considered a modern interpretation, literary texts continued efforts understanding and expressing. Each method has considered these texts in terms of different perspectives and it has interpreted. In recent times, Andrews who has interpreted Ottoman poem with a different point of view emphasized that using a unique feature of Turkish syntax, the meaning of a sentence refers to both stress and intensity. According to Andrews, Divan poetry has the syntactic freedom and comfort like colloquial Turkish. Thanks to this flexibility, in the text occurs ambiguity. Therefore, it supplies multiple meanings, different interpretation and understanding. From past to present, Andrews says that texts are not taken into account syntactic features and nobody makes efforts to interpret the texts in such a way. However Şem’i Şem’ullah who, is one of the major poets of the sixteenth century, used a method close the mentioned method of Andrews. In this article are examined that syntactic methods point of view of Şem’i Şem’ullah and Andrews.

The Methods Of Teaching Reading And Writing In Turkish: Practice The Phonetic Based Method

Raşit KOÇ — 2026-07-16

Reading has been one of the prominent educational activities since the invention of writing. In the present time reading become more important if the reading activity is done for plesaure or to get the right information. It is also important to read quickly and comprehend the main idea. For these reasons learning “how to read and write” well in Turkish by following the appropriate steps in teaching “how to read and write” is very important. The methods of literacy teaching have developed very much over time in Turkey like all over the world. In Turkey, usage of letter method was used for a long time. After the letter method, phonetic method, syllabic method, vocable method, and sentence method were employed to train literacy. Old Turkish teaching curriculum which reflects behaviorist teaching theory was criticized for several reasons. These reasons are that the old curriculum motivated students to memorize, and was not effective for lasting literacy habits on students. After several small changes on the curriculum, a new literacy teaching curriculum was adopted in 2005. The foundation of the new curriculum is the constructive theory. After adapting the constructivist teaching theory, literacy teaching curriculum became phonetic based sentence method. With this new method, the writing style was also changed. At this time hand writing was reintroduced. So this study firstly explains the methods used in the teaching of reading and writing activities and their advantages and disadvantages. The study secondly reveals the views about the teaching of reading and writing using phonetic based sentence method.

The Organization And Logistics Of The Ottoman Flights

Uğur KURTARAN — 2026-07-16

SUMMARY Understanding how the army, one of Ottoman Empire’s main dynamics and whose number reached over hundreds of thousands on occasions, was organized and how its needs were taken care of is not only important in better understanding the founding and the rising of the state but also important in better understanding the reasons for its downfall. Because just like other states founded throughout history, the political history and development of the Ottoman State has been shaped in connection to its military operations. The success of the military operations is dependent on logistics activities, the preparations and organizations before the military campaign. Indeed, when the Ottoman State decided to go in to war, it has made important preparations in elevating the administrative and logistical organization in the country to a more effective level. These preparations before military campaigns and strategies implemented called today as logistics have led to the success of the military campaigns carried out in the Ottoman State. At this point, the preparations implemented before the campaigns play a big role in the growth of the state and expansion of the boundaries of the empire. So the key element that won or lost the wars for the Ottoman State throughout history was the far better pre-war preparations and organizations they applied much more successfully than their contemporaries. Knowing how and in what ways these preparations were implemented in the Ottoman State will broaden our perspective and help us better understand the underlying causes in Ottoman victories. This study has been prepared in accordance with these goals and objectives. In this study, it is intended to put forth how the Ottomans did their preparations before and during the war and to give a different perspective to the current knowledge and experience in the light of new resources.

Namings About Horse Coats and Markings In Dialects of Turkish

Murat KÜÇÜK — 2026-07-16

Turks are known as a mounted nation in history scene. The role of horse in Turkish history has been one of the main reasons of Turks making up a special world depending on horses. From the horses heros rode in wars to species of those, various details about horse coats, are existed in language sources of different periods. From standart Turkish to dialects of Turkish and various dialects of Turkish language in Asia, variety of vocabulary such as words, idioms and proverbs about horse concept in all territories Turkish is spoken is drawing attention. The vocabulary about horse and horse breeding is among the oldest elements of Turkish language. Unfortunately, cultural and scientific values which Anatolia, that has a history of horse breeding reaching ancient times, has brought nowadays, are not considered enough as it needs to be according to it’s history in Turcology studies. Although various researches are published, vocabulary about horse and horse breeding could not have been totally researched. With a purpose of contributing studies in this subject, vocabulary about horse and horse breeding in dialects of Turkish will be mentioned. Sample vocabulary which is subject of this article are limited with “Namings About Horses, Horse Coats and Markings” determined from Derleme Sözlüğü. According to the purpose of this study, sample vocabulary are not analyzed as etymologic, phonetic and morphologic; vocabulary is studied as thematic, the territories they are used are specified and their meanings are given.

The Contribution Of Proper Names To Intercultural Learning In The Sample Of Poets Of Ordu

Salim KÜÇÜK, Volkan ODABAŞ — 2026-07-16

The city of Ordu has traditionally been a place where people ,who has produced countless works of art and culture, live. Having presented many valuable figures to the art life of the country, Ordu has also always come in front with its poets and writers. Along with the minstrels who keeps poetry-telling alive, there are many other poets who made a lot of contributions to the poetry of our country in the means of contemporary expression. In poetry which is open to interaction and cultural transference, the richness of life of the poet, the references between some texts which has been done through proper names, reminders, concretizations, perception and interpretation of cultural values, and philosophy of life reflects on poetry and it indirectly conditions and shapes intercultural learning. In this context, it is important for the poet to adopt an approach to the geography and cultural values he lives in or the opposite cultures and foreign cultural values. In this study, names of a variety of a continent, a country, a city, a township, a village, a country town, a borough, a street, and an avenue; important dates; famous people; important names for Turkish literature; important religious figures; important people around the poet; festival or feast names; institution and corporation names; nation or folk names; mythologic names; planet and galaxy names are all spotted and examined in the poems of the poets of Ordu. In this research of the poems of 38 poets of Ordu, the aim of using proper nouns and from the context of being used, it is concluded that inetcultural learning local to universal has an important place in the perception of arts of the poets of Ordu.

A Research on the Use of Foreign Origin Words by Turkish Language Teacher Candidates

Esra LÜLE MERT — 2026-07-16

The problem clause of this study, whose purpose is to evaluate words that are used in written expression by Turkish language teacher candidates in the context of Turkish or foreign origin ,is defined as " What is the rate of choosing or not Turkish origin words in the use of words by the senior class students". This research is a descriptive survey study on a produced structure. In this approach which aims to describe an existing situation as it is there, foreign origin (east-west) words, involving in linguistic integrity of exam papers for review, have been examined with Turkish origin words. Data sources of this study, based on the model of scanning, are written answers given to "Theatre and Drama Applications" course final exam questions by 25 from primary education and 25 from secondary education total of 50 teacher candidates studying in fourth Class of the department of Turkish Language Teaching, Inonu University Faculty of Education in the academic year 2011-2012. There are total of four open-ended questions in papers. 50 students' responses to four questions have been examined. In this study, source of "TDK Turkish Dictionary" (TDK 2005) is based. Papers have been examined with method of “content analysis". Approximately 13 130 words have been identified in analyzed 50 exam papers. Approximately 4000 of these words have been qualified as the term. Adhering to Turkish Dictionary (2005) of Turkish Language Association, 9130 words have been classified in two titles: foreign origin and Turkish origin. Foreign origins of those 9130 words are presented, and the frequency of use of these words is given in the table above. "Work" is the most often repeated word of foreign origin. Foreign words, identified in the study which has examined 50 Turkish language teacher candidates’ answers to four questions in exam, of 67% (F: 137) is Arabic, of 24% (f: 48) is French, of 6% (f: 12) is Persian, of 1.5% (f: 3) is Italian, of 1% (f: 2) is English and of 0.5% (f: 1) is Greek. 149 words, identified as words of foreign origin, are foreign words of western origin, and 54 words are foreign words of western origin. In this context; 12% of words, used by of Turkish teacher candidates in written expression, consist of words of foreign origin. Turkish meaning of 157 words, identified as words of foreign origin, is presented as suggestion in Turkish Dictionary (2005) of Turkish Language Association, but any meaning is not suggested to the 46 words of these.

The Effect of Idioms in Primary Education 5. Grade Turkish Course Book on Students Receptive Vocabulary

Mediha MANGIR — 2026-07-16

The mother tongue is the first acquired language by i

REFLACTIONS OF CUKUROVA FACT IN ORHAN KEMAL ADAPTATIONS

Funda MASDAR KARA, — 2026-07-16

Orhan Kemal, who testified to the nearly 30 years of Turkey`s political, economic and social progress of modernity, successfully reflected this process to his novels. Just like many authors who have contributed in the Turkish cinema since 1950, Orhan Kemal, have worked on the scenarios of many films. He was particularly gifted in mutual dialogs. Due to his financial problems and necessities, he joins the sector as a scriptwriter. Apart from his scenarios, his novels which were later adapted to the cinema, have also been marked as important contributions in Turkish cinema. Certainly, the stories and novels of Orhan Kemal overlapping with the reality of Turkey sometimes lose their depth when they are turned into screenplays. Especially, the censorship approach of the period has prevented turning the people from different colors, classes and ethnicities and political-social variables of his works into screenplays. The purpose of this study is to discuss if the reality in Orhan Kemal’s works is maintained in these adaptations. It has been paid attention to include the movies to be considered in this article are Çukurova origin where the author has lived important part of his life and mentioned in most of his works. The adaptations have been analyzed by movie-novel comparison by considering the plot, time, place, theme and persons as the common elements of cinema and literature. Çukurova where too much class movements following the forms of ownership of property based upon the land relations take place has been carefully reflected into Orhan Kemal's novels with all its reality. However, we anxiously see that the same success hasn't appeared in the film adaptations. And we see that the films which have reached this success have also some important and original positions in the history of Turkish cinema.

The Views Of Instructors That Teach Turkish To Foreigners On Teaching Case-Endings: A Qualitative Study

Deniz MELANLIOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Case markers are structures which form meaning connections between nouns and verbs in the sentence. The studies conducted on teaching Turkish case-endings to foreigners aim to determine the issues that foreign students experience while learning these endings. This study, on the other hand, aims to determine the issues that teachers face while teaching Turkish case-endings to foreigners. Phenomenography is an empirical study which aims to explore people's experiences and the differences between their perceptions of the phenomena in our environment.A phenomenographic analysis, one of qualitative research methods, was conducted to determine the views of teachers that teach Turkish to foreigners on teaching case-endings. The study was conducted by five instructors that carry out grammar courses at TÖMER at Gazi University. The data were collected through semi-structured interview conducted face-to-face. The results showed that instructors used appropriate activities as well as inappropriate one while teaching Turkish case-endings to teachers. In this respect, the following suggestions can be made on the basis ofthe present research: Concretization should be utilized in the teaching of case markers which have an abstract quality. There should be a consensus in the literature as to the order in which case markers should be presented to students. Teachers of Turkish as a foreign language should increase the number of practices in order to reinforce the use of these markers. Only the target language, that is, Turkish must be used in the teaching of case markers. The present study aims to explore the experiences of teachers of Turkish as a foreign language with regard to case markers. Through studies on the teaching of Turkish as a foreign language, such experiences related to teaching domains can be uncovered.

Science And Technology In Turkish Textbook

Alpaslan OKUR — 2026-07-16

Turkish lesson has the maximum loan in terms of hours per week in primary school programs. Turkish lesson, not only teach our language also contributes development of students in terms of liberal education and knowledge with the most beautiful example of the texts. For this reason, Turkish textbook is an important tool in Turkish lesson. In terms of information given in textbook, can be found all types of text. One of them is also subjects of science and technology. A child gets acquainted with the science and technology at early age in the information age that we have. While a child nested lives science and technology products; reaching more info about these, actualizes in school age. The child’s recognizing technology in education early age comes true with Turkish lesson. Because teaching accrues with language in education. Turkish lesson that aims teaching a sound mother language at early years uses as a tool all of types text with books. In later periods, technology and science subjects of education are also started teaching in other lessons. Even, while there is a lesson ‘Information Tecnologies’ that given directly these subjects, this lesson has been removed since 2010-2011 acedemic year. Because these subjects were distributed properly other lessons contents. Under the circunstances, in later periods science and technology subjects have been more important in Turkish textbooks. In this study, 6-8 classes Turkish textbooks that approved by MEB and teached Turkey’s different parts were searched. Primarily in textbooks, texts were searched by determining ‘Science and Technology’ topic; later digger topics science and technology-content texts were evaluated by searching.

Grading the Discovery of New Methods Corrective Fiction: Could Europe Tear the Yellow Paper?

Canan OLPAK KOÇ — 2026-07-16

In this study the reasons of supervised freedom system's occurence period in Europe which was implemented activelyon 20 July 2005 in the Turkısh Justice System. The major reason of these is that these punıshments increase crime rather than regenerete. This atmosphere will be examined in a way which reflects the social environment of the period of the novel which is a fictional type. There is akind of tagging respectof a convict who has just got out of prison in every community. The main character in the novel “Les Miserables” by Victor Hugo also was a convict who couldn't adapt to the society in which he was born and he has tagged after prisonment. How did the society the state and the institutions

Effect and Contribution of Genghis Khan’s State on Turkish Culture

İbrahim ONAY — 2026-07-16

One of historically most attention-gripping conquest actions in the world includes ones realized by Genghis Khan, the Mongol Sultan, in 13th century. State founded by Genghis Khan became a state having biggest territorial boundary in the world in a very short time. In this respect, Genghis Khan was one of most attention-gripping historical personalities. Each Turkish historian, who researches history of Genghis Khan’s State may notice presence of any elements of Turkish culture easily there. Reason of that we should conduct this study is the work “The Confidential History of the Mongols.” It is supposed that the work was typed in the Uyghur alphabet, and its complete original text was not found. It is understood that it was typed in Chinese marks. The work “Manghol-un Niuca Tobca’ in Mongolian was translated by Mr. Ahmet Temir into Turkish in 1946. Although this work is anonymous, it is understood that it was typed in 1240 based on the expressions in it. The Confidential History of the Mongols is main source of numerous works typed on the Mongols. This work is the greatest source that describes race, life history, religious belief and domination opinion of Genghis Khan. When any information in this source shall be reviewed carefully, it shall be noted easily that Genghis Khan’ State would rise on heritage of Turkish state and especially of the Gokturks. Our study reveals not Mongol history, but presence of any elements of Turkish culture in Mongol history. We accept Genghis Khan as a Mongol Sultan without discussing his ethnic origin. But, wee may say that the state founded by him is a Turkish state completely by considering its goals. While we try to prove our assertion, we have tried to describe and explain origin and connection of the information and concepts transmitted in “The Confidential History of the Mongols” with the Turks. As known, the Turks and Mongols have lived for hundreds of years in near geographies. The Turks, who were nomad shipmen in early periods of the history, dealt with stockbreeding. In those periods, the Mongol lived as hunters. Then, they were also nomad stockbreeders. We may also suppose that there were Mongol clans in community in Central Asia in Hun era that Mete, the Hun Sultan described and said “I combined all spring-drawing communities. Now they were Huns.” Also in Gokturk and Uyghur periods, the Mongols placed immediately near Turkish culture were under their powerful effect. Most facts of the Genghis Khan period with in the Mongol culture with respect to religious life are encountered in Hun Gokturk and Uyghur states. Beside the God belief, presence of any Shamanist practices and religious concepts such as Ancestor Cult, Ground-Water Cult arte addressed. Critical role played by the Shamans in social life, life and world perception of the community are also reflections of these similarities on social life. Genghis Khan, made advantage of accumulations of Hun, Gokturk and Uyghur states, also quoted the universe domination idea of the said states. We notice most apparent clues of this when Genghis Khan base his own race on Bortecina, the holy ancestor of the Gokturks, that is, Bozkurt. The fact that Genghis Khan saw himself as a ruler of the universe and based his domination on holy sources is a base of Hun and Gokturk states. The fact that the God understanding and belief are represented in Khan and also origin of the idea that this belief is supported cosmic elements are Turkish origins. According to Turkish tradition, Turkish Kahn designated by the God is a agent and shadow of the God in the earth. If there is a God in sky, there is also a Khan in the earth. The fact that the term “Tegri” in Mongol comes from the term “Tengri” in Turkish is an opinion accepted in the scientific world. The Mongols have based the fact that Genghis Khan came into the world on any holly goals. Just like Oguz Khan began to walk and hunt 40 days later than his birth, Genghis Khan was born with a blood clot

Corrections On Kısasu’l-Enbiya

Resul ÖZAVŞAR — 2026-07-16

Studies related to Turkish language, literature and culture are based on the verse or prose works given during the historical period. Therefore, the publication of the text has an important place in studies of language and literature. Whether in terms of both linguistics, literature and culture, proper understanding of the text affects judgments in that field. In Turkey, re-studing on the publication of a work is not a common. With that in mind, to criticism is natural on published works. This article was written for this purpose. One of the historical periods of Turkish language is Khwarezm epoch. İt should be examined carefully on the works of the Khwarezm epoch. Because there are a small number of works about this epoch now. This is leads to a limitation to compare studied work and other works of epoch. Kısasü'l-Enbiya written by Nasıruddin bin Burhanüddin Rabguzî 13th century is one of the works of this epoch. A comprehensive study was conducted by Aysu Ata about this work that has importance for the Turkish language (Volume I: Introduction, Text, Facsimile, volume II: Index). In Introduction of Ata’s work, language features of the book have been revealed and also the world of words have been revealed in the Index. This labor that set forth has illuminating property epoch of Kısasu’l-Enbiya in many ways and this respect, book is a small example of the period. Our letter includes some of the fixes and proposals about reading and meaning in text and grammatical index. In particular, some of proposals about meaning contributes to the vocabulary of the epoch. To find witnesses to prove proposals possible in Turkey Turkish dialects and modern dialects.

Creating A Nation: Representation of Religious Functionary in Novel of Early Era Republican

Abdullah ÖZBOLAT — 2026-07-16

This study moves an idea that support the ideology of modernization and the efforts of the new nation, developed in close contact with the official ideology, spread a wide audience many of the novel was written and in order to explain the new nation of literature in the early years of the Republic. In this context, Resat Nuri “Green Night” (1928) and Halide Edip “Beat to Courtesan” (1926) are selected examples of novels. In the early years of the Republic nation-building has been made to the modernization efforts and official ideology, while depicted on the figure of the teacher progress and change and shown clergy as obstacles to the new ideology of the nation's. Although there isn’t a homogeneous structure in the novels of this period, religion and religious personalities in parallel with the modernization narratives and ideology of nation is described in a negative way. Religious personalities are presented as a social type rather than i

Deputies Of Niğde In The First And Second Period In Grand National Assembly Of Turkey And Their Activities

Mücahit ÖZÇELİK — 2026-07-16

Grand National Assembly of Turkey, which established the new Turkish state by performing the “National Struggle” successfully, was opened on the 23rd of April in 1920 in Ankara and maintained its activities between the years of 1920 and 1923. 1st period of Grand National Assembly of Turkey was determined according to the rule of “five deputies from a district”. Niğde was a district and represented by five deputies and one member from Meclis-i Mebusan (Assembly of Ottoman Empire) which was closed down by Allied Powers. 2nd period of Grand National Assembly of Turkey maintained its activities between the years of 1923 and 1927 and brought in important revolutions. For the 2nd period of Grand National Assembly of Turkey, four deputies were selected from Niğde. Just after the Mondros Ceasefire, Niğde started to react against the French invasion and undertook an important role during the struggle against the French in Pozantı. Besides sending delegates to Sivas Congress to show its support for the plans made for the country’s future, Niğde did not hesitate to oppose the Istanbul Government which was silent against the invasion. The first term deputies were all the members of the first group by supporting Mustafa Kemal. In both terms, the deputies of Niğde raised not only the questions related with the whole country but also the questions of people who live in Niğde in the National Assembly. Mr. Ata in the first period and Mr. Hazım in the second period were the two names that attracted attention most. Aksaray and Nevşehir were in the borders of Niğde at that time and the deputies who were originally from those districts raised questions of their own. Niğde deputies took charge in the commissions, offered bills and addressed speeches. In consideration of these, it can be said that Niğde deputies fulfilled important duties.

According To Today Archaic Elements In The Classical Turkish Literaure: The Example of İbn-i Kemâl

Hakan ÖZDEMİR — 2026-07-16

Our classical literature with its given works, today not only for litterateurs but also for us linguists has an identity of rich source. While various features of the era like countless datas belonging to social life and other cultural values can be followed with the help of these texts, furthermore, archaic features seen in vocabulary and some grammar forms are subjects worth for being studied. Sehî Bey Dîvân about which also we discussed in the frame of this subject, contains important datas from the aspect of having alive archaic elements in Turkish language in XVI. century. It will be noteworthy to give an example for one of archaic forms frequently seen in Dîvân: First oneness character order/wish affix –AyIn affix as at its own form can be diminished to old Turkish era, today now it left its place to –AyIm form. This example is noteworthy in terms of both an element in the past having placed in the text and also its usage couldn’t have reached today. Eslemek word meaning “to listen” also shows another usage again in Old Anatolia Turkish namely having used in the former era but not able to have reached today. This example, besides grammar forms in terms of being a form seen also in vocabulary is interesting. It will be beneficial for also today’s historical grammar researches to study by increasing the number of these and similar to these archaic forms with samples.

The Language-Sovereignty Relationship In The Academic Papers Presented At The 1st Turkish Symposium

Orhan ÖZDEMİR — 2026-07-16

The fact that a society is in unity and collaboration and that it becomes a sovereign community is only possible through the agreement on a shared language. This “linguistic behaviour” leads to the inevitable formation of a relationship between the sovereignty of that society and its language. This relationship causes the language to be politicized. For instance, Kaşgarlı Mahmud stated that Turkish had to be learned since Turks were going to have a dominant state. Additionally, that Luther translated the Bible into German in the 16th century bears political reasons. The fact that the European intellectuals were in favour of using each nation’s own language indicates the national sovereignty. That the Tanzimat intellectuals tended to use ‘pure Turkish’ and that Turkish was the language of instruction in education in line with the General Education Regulation (1869) are the important indication of

Hasan Âli Yücel's Literature History

İbrahim ÖZEN — 2026-07-16

Hasan Âli Yücel, who stands out as an effective character in Turkish culture and education life, was closely related to literature while he was a teacher and afterwards. In this sense, his poetry books, the active role that he played in translating classical works to Turkish and his books about literature shows this relationship. Among his literature related books there are feeder works to both literature history and Turkish literature history. Literature history is a sub-branch of literature science and it is a discipline which studies a nation’s literature considering its literary works. In Turkish literature, sociological method of Fuad Köprülü, who builds upon his literature history works on a scientific ground, was accepted by literature history researchers. Hasan Âli Yücel’s views about literature history are also shaped around the views of Fuad Köprülü. Like Köprülü, who sees literature history as a part of history of civilization, Hasan Âli Yücel sees literature as a part of society and considered Turkish literature together with both Turkish culture and history. He made his assessments and findings about Turkish literature within the framework of these considerations. In this study, firstly Yücel’s views about Turkish literature history and classification of Turkish literature then his imposed tasks to literature historians are discussed. After that, application of his views about literature historiography and the methods that he applied on his works called “Türk Edebiyatı Nümuneleri”, “Türk Edebiyatına Toplu Bir Bakış” and “Edebiyat Tarihimizden” have been tried to examine.

Looking At The Turkish Modernisation Via Family Theme In Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü

Hanife ÖZER — 2026-07-16

In Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’s novel called Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü, which was released in 1962, the process of modernisation of Turkish society has been written in an ironic manner. The novel's plot is based on memories of protagonist Hayri İrdal. In this work of art concepts such as history, economics, bureaucracy, science, philosophy, superstition, family, female, East vs. West have been considered in the "old-new" mentality and it’s been pointed out that the fundamental changes behind these took place very rapidly. In the novel, the last period of the Ottoman Empire and the first half period of the Republic have been constructed and during this time the change in the family structure is demonstrated. The author presents the developments or changes in the family institution parallel to the developments in the society where the family is connected to and plays the role of its core. However, understanding the differences between families belonging to different generations and social developments, trends are being linked sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly. As known, the following process can take place in society: an example of any change in the social structure or an old development, then these conditions preparing this development with some factors, after that the trend towards the new influenced by the same conditions and then the new replacing the old can happen. It could be said that kind of process takes place in Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü. In the novel, the Ottoman Turkish family structures have been put into three different groups: first the traditional families, then the group experiencing the pressure of traditional although being devoted to it and last the ones who are in the transition period from old to new or the reflector of the modern families.

Hayâlî Bey’s “World” Perception

Nazmi ÖZEROL — 2026-07-16

Hayâlî Bey is one of the greatest poets in Classical Turkish poem. Collector of biographies, Âşık Çelebi tells us that Hayâlî Bey isn’t an ordinary poet; he has a sensitive, contented character and he has been to many cities with the Kalenderî people. Althought he has gone far from that vicinity with some reason, he went on using sufistic ideas and excitement sincerely in his poems. He usually has put space between himself and the world life with the effect of sufism and he has never cared about his social position, property. As we know, in sufism the world means everything that distracts one from Allah and makes him careless. The idea in sufism is that the world is less valuable than afterdeath. Furthermore the world is a place where Allah is manifested. The universe is like a whole mirror composed of small mirrors infinite in number and you can see different sparkles of reflections of the certain being Allah in each small mirror. In this study, which deals with the “world” perception in Hayâlî Bey’s Divan (Ottoman poetry), the concepts similar to and associated with the “world” have been determined and we have tried to make the poet’s world perception clear. Hayâlî Bey has focused primarily on the bad aspects of the world in his poems and he has mentioned the bad results that commitment to the world will cause. As well as this negative perception of the world, Hayâlî also has couplets in which he perceives the world as a sign that proves Allah’s certain being, and everything created as a sign of the “creator” and he has used the world to tell some situations of the lover and the praised, beauty and comfort, too.

Ontological Problems in Aslı Erdoğan's Narratives

Mehmet ÖZGER,Murat PARLAKPINAR — 2026-07-16

The issue of existence in Aslı Erdoğan's narratives will be examined in this article. Aslı Erdoğan is one of the leading female autor in the last term Turkish Literature. Having written sort stories, novels and essays the autor became famous with her artistic creativity. It can be talked about two interwoven adventures in Aslı Erdoğan's Works. The adventures in the outside world are accompanied by the heroes’ adventures of an inner worlds. Heroes appear to be almost all alone, not hold, competing with backgrounds and themselves, living in a constant feeling of emptiness and nothingness, who are looking to a meaning toward lack and devastation in their lives. In this context, it seems that existential concepts and trajectory are in the forefront rather than plot in which speeches and interviews gained density. The circumstances and details which shape human existence and attitude toward life are emphasized. The main problem of the narrative heroes is the alienation and the other existential problems that we see in narrative are conditions that become visible with other existential alienation problems. It is seen that heroes are alienated particularly against themselves,environment and society. In this respect in the alienation of narrative, as a type of alienation themes like i

An Analytical Approach To Letter “Waw” As Cultural And Aesthetic Component

Fatih ÖZKAFA — 2026-07-16

All letters in an alphabet are of high importance and are necessary for the language. However, it is certain that some letters in a language are used more frequently compared to others. It is possible to notice this even by taking a glance at dictionaries. Also, it can be argued that some letters are of vital importance in some languages due to grammar rules. Letter ‘waw’ serves several purposes especially in Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman Turkish. In terms of its attributions within Turkish-Islamic culture and art, it can be easily realized that the symbolic value of the letter is very high. In addition to its functions in grammar, throughout the history letter waw has represented all Islamic art in general and aesthetic of calligraphy in particular; furthermore, metaphysical, religious, and cultural meanings were also designated to the letter. Since as a letter it symbolizes both God and human being, it brought about the idea that it can be seen as the manifestation of the thought ‘unity of existence’ which has an important place within Islamic Mysticism. Letter ‘waw’ especially with the style written according to the jaly thuluth principles, is a form frequently seen both in architectural and literal works of art. Calligraphers produced various works in which letter ‘waw’ is emphasized or centered. Since some of the compositions have become vintage samples, almost every calligrapher re-wrote them repeatedly. This study tries to analyze the aesthetical dimensions of letter ‘waw’ within the art of Islamic calligraphy along with its grammatical and symbolic meanings.

A Few Examples Of The State, Law, Obedience And Insurrection In The Middle-Age

Mehmet ÖZMENLİ — 2026-07-16

Law is one of the most crucial factors affecting people’s lives and is, therefore, the basis of the society in peace and security with respect to its rules that guarantee the social-order, its coercive or compelling structure and its key-role in the provision of man’s benefits or interests. And the state is in a position of a judge who acts lıke an arm or a wing for the implementation of the law and who establish peace and reconciliation in a society by preserving human rights and freedoms. One of the most significant obstacles which threaten the continuity and authority of a state is the attempt to rebel against the government or the poiltical power. Throughout history, people have rebelled against governments for various reasons. Sometimes social and sometimes economic issues have triggered such revolts against governments. Religion has also had a significant impact on rebellious actions. Obedience is an essential attitude for the provision and continuity of social order because disobedience to the orders and wishes of a person and/or people in office leads to a lot of i

Episodes Of Traditional Turkish And Greek Cypriot Weddings

Şevket ÖZNUR — 2026-07-16

The population of Cyprus is made up of two main communities, namely Greeks and Turks. However the island has been split into two since July 1974 when Turkey intervened militarily, using her right deriving from the London and Zurich treaties that gave birth to the Cyprus Republic, after Makarios was ousted from office following a coup staged by Sampson that was backed by the junta in Greece. The aim of the insurgents was to declare Enosis, union of Cyprus with Greece, after they mass-murdered the Turkish Cypriots whom they considered a serious obstacle on the road to Enosis. As of today Cyprus continues to be the only

Storm Risk Sensitivity Analysis In Cyprus Using GIS

Emre ÖZŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

Cyprus is the third biggest island in the Mediterranean and it faces various natural disasters. Approximately 2685 i

The Place Of Husein [Karasayevich] Karasayev And Konstantin [Kuzmich] Yudahin In Kyrgyz Lexicography

Faruk ÖZTÜRK — 2026-07-16

In this notification, there will be discussed the Kyrgyz lexicography contribution of K. KARASAYEV and K. K. YUDAHIN. Dictionaries has a very important role in the formation of the standard language. The Kyrgyz writing language has been formed in the XX century at the end of the first quarter. K. KARASAYEV and K. K. YUDAHIN has a big effect both in creating the Kyrgyz writing language and in the Kyrgyz lexicography. In this labor will be analyzed the various prints of the Kyrgyz spelling guide that was done by K. KARASAYEV who helped in forming of dictionaries in Kyrgyzstan and editor of all the variants of the Kyrgyz alphabet,and the Kyrgz-Russian dictionary of K. K. YUDAHIN will be dealed with all the differences of the prints. The Kyrgyz-Russian dictionaries first print was in the year of 1940, the second print was in 1965, the third print was in 1985 and the fourth was done in the 1999. YUDAHIN's dictionary has a very big reputation which shows the Kyrgyz word treasures and the usages of the words. Yudahin started the work in 1920 with collecting the materials like textbooks, newspapers, magazines and folklore. This dictionary consists of the Kyrgyz languages word treasure, historical and etnographic idioms, folklore materials, old idioms and approximately two thousand idioms and proverbs. This Kyrgyz-Russian dictionary is also an encyclopaedic dictionary because Kyrgyz tradition with its history and culture has a rich content.

Our Surnames: Mardin Model

Gülşah PARLAK KALKAN — 2026-07-16

In 1930's using religious and familial titles in the procedures of enrollment, population and title deed such as hacı, paşa, hafız, hoca, molla, hanım used to cause problems. in order to prevent such problems and i

As A Case Of Sociology Of Food Tokat Cuisine

Adem SAĞIR — 2026-07-16

The food fact which carries centuries of accumulation and

Functional Equivalence Of -dUK And +lIK Adjunctions In Old Anatolian Turkish

Erkan SALAN — 2026-07-16

Turkish is a rich language that can meet the same linguistic function with distinct language structures. This richness has quite different usage characteristics in adjunctions. The functional richness of adjunctions is one of the significant criterias of assortment and development of expression of languages. In this respect, determination of the functions concerning adjunctions is important both in language researches and education along with the expression of the richness and development of language. In determination of functional usage characteristics of adjunctions, establishing equivalences between distinct structures may be preferable and it’s one of the methods which could likely to bring astonishing outcomes. This kind of studies could help solve many insoluble problems faced during the researches on Turkish. Especially when we consider the very fact that Turkish is such a language that can meet the same functional language characteristics with many different language structures, then one can easily understand the importance of this method. It’s been observed that some disparate adjunctions were used in similar words – even in identical words - in the very same function during Old Anatolian Turkish era. Participle affix –dUK and derivational affix making noun from noun +lIK can be regarded as patterns of these kind of usages. The use of these adjunctions having the same function could only be possible by determination of equivalent structures. The probability of different outcomes deriving from these usages indicates that it needs a close scrutiny. For this reason in this article, the very fact that participle affix –dUK and derivational affix making noun from noun +lIK have also equivalent usages and functions will be exemplified by Old Anatolian Turkish.

“Is The Poetry The Wording Which is Not a Prose?” On Differences Of Poetry And Prose, Poetry’s Becoming Prose And Possibility of Poetry Written In Prose

Mehmet SAMSAKÇI — 2026-07-16

In this paper, the character, capabilities and qualities and differences of poetry and prose which are the two essential wording or style of expressing of the literature will be considered and discussed by referring to various poets, authors and academics, since poetry and prose are two different ways of expression each of which has a particular pattern, sense, function and effect of its own. The fact that the poets and authors of the world literature-as well as of Turkish literature- mostly prefer one of those genres or sometimes use both of them in the same work is an indicator that those two literary genres have a particular characteristic and possibilities of their own. Furthermore, the harms caused by using a statement of prose in poetry, the harms of thinking in a way peculiar to prose and briefly turning into a prose will be comprehended in this study; because many poets and authors have pointed out that the greatest danger that the poetry would face with is “becoming a prose”, “turning into a prose” and the fact that the words and verses lose their poeticalness, in other words, the simple pattern of prose runs through the work is considered to be contrary to the nature, sense, and briefly the soul of the poetry. Apart from all mentioned above, I will deal with the issues whether the poem may be composed or written in prose, or whether the prose-works containing poetical sense [intent] and logic may be regarded as poetry. Influenced by the atmosphere of freeness which is thought to have accompanied the romantic movement of 19th century, the poets have suggested that the poetry is not supposed to be in verse and also stated that not every work in verse can be consider as poetry or not every work in prose can be left out of poetry. However, the different evaluations of the 20th century poets about this subject on which even the most distant poets far from each other have arrived at a consensus will be considered here.

Mustafa Bin Bâlî And İlm-i Firâset

Ramazan SARIÇİÇEK — 2026-07-16

There wasn’t any study over this work which was Mustafa bin Bali’s, who lived 16th century, plain-text. But there is some information about works which were made over firâset, physiognomy and like sciences. The study which we make over this work comes last stage and it is firstly presented to science-world here. Although it is said that it was compiled from Fahreddin Razi ve Muhyiddin-i Arabî at primary of the work, it is quality of an academic study which was prepared with study of many more works over science of firâset. Not only Fahreddin Razi and Muhyiddin-i Arabî but also the author benefited from works of many more scientists from Hamdullah Hamdi to İbni Sina. we can say that it is unique in its field with this course.ln that works, which were written in this field, are generally over application of firaset science.That is, they pay attention over results instead of the basic criterion of this science.Nevertheless,this work is a well-coorinated study which was made over firaset as whole.That work compile and gather informations about firaset with care of an academician while they are in bits and disorganized at another works. In addition, the work is included various verses like Arabic, Persian and Turkish in spite it is plain-text. As for aspect of language, also it is included materials of language which belonging to Turkish of Ancient Anatolian.

The Story Of The Holy Nile

Yusuf Ziya SÜMBÜLLÜ — 2026-07-16

ABSTRACT Turkish literature came into a close contact with the Arab and Persian cultural circles, after the Turks adopted Islamic civilization. That contact became efficient especially in the fields of language and literature. During this period of cultural interaction which was improved by translation and adaptation studies, numerous works of religious-moral-didactic characteristics appeared in Turkish literature. We find the mentioned works prominently in a religious and moral character, pursuing the principles of ideal i

“From The Exile Country To The Capital Of Capıtals’’ Hermeneutic Comment Of The Poetry

Servet ŞENGÜL — 2026-07-16

Sezai Karakoç takes over with his imagist poetry style which is appropriate for Second New movement. The obscureness of his poems makes hard to enter his world of idea, for this reason there is need for a comment style to understand his poetry. Hermeneutic is a comment style that can be used to understand Karakoç’s poems. “From The Exile Country To The Capital Of Capitals’’ is one of the poems can be used to reach his idea. Due to the researches to the other poems of the poet’s with the hermeneutic method , it will be studied to enter his whole world of idea.

Women’s Legal Struggle at Court in Ottomon Society: According to 235 Seydişehir Legal Register

Mehmet Emin ŞENFaruk Saltekin — 2026-07-16

The past is a matter of curiasity for human being. There are people who are interested in how others lived and what they did in the past apart from wars and politicks. İt is impossible to find this interesting topicks in the history book which gives information about political events but , there are a lot of inforation about the lifestyle of that period people in the documents that were written during the Ottomon Empire. The Ottomon sent a judge even if the smallest district it ruled for registering each event that occured. This registers, which have been protected under the name of legal registers, are our of the most important cultural heritages. Thanks to this registers, we get original information about the daily lifestyleof Ottomon society. İn Konya, Seydişehir, 12 records were kept by judges, which was a small district of Ottomon in 1890 for this Article, the 235 Seydişehir legal register has been analysed the most important part of this register is that there was 67 court case and must of them were about women. With the help of this precious register which includes lots of rough information about women in Ottomon and her effects, it has been established that the women weren’t exposed to inequality in point of social; they were as active as the men to insist on themselves rights, using within limits determined by the law codes. In this work we will try to satisfy our curiosity on the Otoman women and their way of searching for justice through Seydişehir example.

Ideologic Basics Of Educational Policies In Republican Period

Ufuk ŞİMŞEK, Birgül KÜÇÜK , Yavuz TOPKAYA — 2026-07-16

States having nationalistic ideology, employed education as an instrument in the process of nation building. States use instrument such as education and ideology to make their existence and legality perennial on social base. Political government transmits its principles to society through the ideology. Education provides institutional ground this transmission. The education and the ideology is phenomena which is articulated. Founders of the republic used all of resources of the states (education, family, law, army, police, and communication, transportation so on) to actualize the desired reconstruction. Education is one of the most critic elements. Because, education provides people consisting of state to be comprehended the ideological structure, which is the basic component of states and seemed legal. Therefore, Turkish Republic benefits from the education component, as other new states, in the systematic process of changing and regenerating of present constitution. In this study, it was sought to answer that if contemporary ideology was adopted? What content of the adopted ideology was? Descriptive method was used. Descriptive research tries explaining what events, objects, existences, institutions are (Kaptan, 1998:59). As a result of this study, it was seen that ideology of republic was understood in the context of that time. At the time of Mustapha Kemal (Ataturk) pragmatic and consistent educational policy aiming progress, integration, nationalism, secularization was adopted.

Sheikh Galib And His Unpublished Poems

Erdoğan TAŞTAN — 2026-07-16

Sheikh Galib is one of the most important poets of classical Turkish literature. Both his contemporary and predecessor poets were deeply influenced by ‘Divan’ and ‘Hüsn ü Aşk’ of Sheikh Galib who himself was influenced by Sebk-i Hindi movement. At the same time, Galib is one of the major figures of the mystical in his period. He was born and brought up in an environment dominated by the Mevlevi culture and received a good sufi mystical training and finally has been sheikh of Galata Mevlevihanesi. He also frequently uses mystical concepts in his poems. Sheikh Galib who arranged his Divan at the age of 24, two years later wrote out Hüsn ü Aşk. He was well-known at a young age thanks to these two works in literary and mystical gathering-places and deservedly gained a reputation. Thus he attracted attention of Sultan Selim III, and a sincere friendship began between them. This great poet of our classic literature also attracted attention of today’s researchers, there are various studies about his literary personality and his works. His Divan and Hüsn ü Aşk was published by different researchers. In this article, the previously unpublished poems of Sheikh Galib can be found along with the information on his life, art and works. The aforementioned poems exist in a 776 numbered poetry journal in Halet Efendi section of Sülaymaniye Library.Thesepoems consist mostly of isopsephic poems but there are also singular couplets and poems written in ghazal, ruba’i and verse forms. This article has also been enriched with the footnotes which give detailed information on the abovementioned poems.

A Research Of Relation Among University Students’ Psychologically Being Good According To The Number Of Brothers (Sample Of Bingöl University)

Kasım TATLILIOĞLU — 2026-07-16

In the research, according to the number of brothers of university students, the relation among their being good psychologically has been studied. The research has been applied on the students studying on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd class of the various faculties and departments of Bingöl University, in the Education year of 2011-2012. 124 (55%) women, 101 (45%) men, totally 225 university students have attended to the research. 98 of the participants are 1st class, 86 of them are 2nd class and 41 of them study on the 3rd class. Therefore, together with a form of student information, a psychologically being good scale of 84 entries has been applied. The psychologically being good scale consists of totally 6 sub-dimension as “Autonomy, Environmental Sovereignty, I

Karakalpak Poet and Bard Berdak's Poem "Genealogy"

Feyza TOKAT — 2026-07-16

The most famous poet and bard of the Karakalpaks, Berdak (Berdimurat Gargabay Ogly), who lives in the 19th century, is the founder of the Karakalpak literature. As how Karacaoglan and Asik Veysel are famous for Turkey Turks, Berdak is famous for Karakalpak Turks. He described the social life, political life, customs and traditions, beliefs, and way of life of the Karakalpaks of his period with a realistic language.Berdak’s poems written in Arabic alphabet had been seen as a class of religious artifacts and had been destroyed.For this reason, the original written copies are available right now. Berdak’s poems were loved and memorized by people. His poems were later compiled and published as a book. Berdak’s epic poem “Sejire” (“The Genealogy”) is the first written genealogy of the Karakalpak people. Also, Berdak was the first to put the history living in the oral tradition of the Karakalpak people in chronological order. This epic is written on the basis of written documents and oral stories about the emergence of clans, tribes, peoples of Central Asia and their names. This study briefly focuses on the life of Karakalpak poet and bard Berdak and then his epic poem "Genealogy", which contains information about Karakalpak, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kipchaks and Turkmen peoples’ history, is presented. Berdak’s “Genealogy” is a very important piece of work in terms of showing the power of his poetry, his interest in the historical public life, and his patriotism. This study aimed better recognition of Berdak in the Turkish world and obtaining the respect and attention he deserves.

The Effect Of Buddhism On Manichaeism In Old Uighur Texts

Hacer TOKYÜREK — 2026-07-16

Mani's Buddhism, Zurvanizm, Christianity and Manichaeism which was formed by his own thoughts has created a strong followers group in the east and west. These teachings spread rapidly as a result of being adopted especially by Soğds and Tochars in the east, and then by Chinese and Uighurs. But this teaching, which has spread rapidly, faced with other religions or teachings in its regions. Thus, Manichaeism which lived together with many religions or teachings, has been affected by them and later disappeared for various reasons. Among Uighurs, it is known that Bögü's Manichaeism was declared as the official state religion in 762/3 for political reasons. Along with defending this religion, Uighurs have demonstrated many religious works but not as much as the Buddhist works focusing on this faith. In this context, when we compare the texts of Buddhist Uighurs and Manihaist Uighurs we can see that many terms are common. In the texts of Buddhist Uighurs and Manihaist Uighurs some terms which are fundamental in both doctrine such as Buddhas, the teachings of Buddha and Mani, the world of the Gods, the world of the living, morality, agony, fate and the idea of time show resemblance or are in common. These terms are compared in both teachings and their meanings are given. Thus, it has been identified that these two teachings show similarities and the terms are used not entirely but approximately in the same way.

THE EFFECT OF MUSIC IN CREATIVE WRITING

Fulya TOPÇUOĞLU ÜNALAhmet SEVER — 2026-07-16

Creative writing, which gains importance day by day in writing practices, is a writing approach that provides students avoid conventional expression, routine ideas and helps them write in an original content and style. By means of cretive writing, students improve their writing both cognitively and affectively. Due to the fact that each learner has his/her own different needs and interests, not every Turkish lesson must be taught similarly. Since, if students are kept in passive position in verbal lessons like Turkish, they feel distracted and the efficiency of the classroom atmosphere falls. This effects learning negatively. To prevent this situation, lessons must be made pleasurable with interesting materials and activities. Modern approaches in educational sciences like Gardner’s “Multiple Intelligence Theory” and Dale’s “Cone of Experience” points out the importance of enhancing the supporting material resources in lessons. Therefore, the quality of learning will rise because students become more active. Visual and audial materials enable more than one sense organs to take part in learning. Besides, they raise the permanence of learning by addressing to different intelligences. One of these intelligences is music. Music both increases the sense organs that students use learning and appeals to musical intelligence. In this study, the relationship between music and creative writing has been tried to be probed. For this, the success of students’ written expressions has been analysed. Different types of music have been used in the study that was carried out with text-completion technique, and the creativity of the texts and its relation with music which were completed by the students listening to those types of music, has been examined.

House Decoration And Salon Manners In Late Ottoman Etiquette Books

Fatma TUNÇ YAŞAR — 2026-07-16

Change and transformation in house-life is one of the most important realms of Ottoman modernization. Changing lifestyle in late Ottoman society created a split between the alla turca and the alla franca (respectively Ottoman Turkish and Frankish style) and this split have gradually penetrated the different layers of house-life from the use of domestic space to the inner workings of family life. The adoption of western equipments, objects of furniture and European table manners, and change in the physical properties of the house not only affected the style of using domestic space, but also produced a new way of life inside the house. In this article, it is analyzed that how late Ottoman etiquette books published between 1889-1918, approached house-related etiquette rules and how they imagine the ideal Ottoman house in the late Ottoman change and transformation process. In this vein, etiquette rules to be applied in different situations such as visits, invitations, tea gatherings, soirée and balls is scrutinized under the title of house decoration and salon etiquette. The approaches of the Ottoman etiquette authors to house-related etiquette rules give hints about how they encounter changing lifestyle, westernization and modernization, how they determine their target audience and what kind of a role they give Ottoman woman in the transformation process.

Hasan Rızayi And Kan-ı Ma’ani Named Verse Dictionary

Muhittin TURAN — 2026-07-16

Turkish literature in Arabic, Persian and Turkish dictionaries are known to exist. Verse, however, be studied in Old Turkish Literature dictionaries, a considerable number of these has a place in literature. Libraries in Turkey and abroad and remains to be investigated dozens of libraries to go reconstruct the glossary is written in verse. It introduces the character dictionaries in many articles, theses are written in academic articles such as. Although the studies in this area are promising, but not at the desired level. Post Anatolia Turkish-Persian dictionary regarded as the first verse of Hüsâm b. Hasan el-Konevî (death 1399) Tuhfe-i Hüsâmî offline dictionary Tuhfe-i Şahidî and Tuhfe-i Vehbî with tracks such as lexicography works in verse, followed and left significant effects in the Ottoman society. Poetical dictionaries prepared to ease the strange words mentioned in Koran and hadiths, whose meanings cannot be understood exactly and in Mevlana's Masnavi, in particular Persian words to be understood and learnt by heart, were taught at Ottoman Primary School as a course book. One of these dictionaries is Kan-ı Ma'ani written by the 17. century-poet Hasan Rızayi in Persian-Turkish. The dictionary we consider to contribute remarkably to turkish philology includes Persian and archaic words, not available in other poetical dictionaries we have gone through. In our study, we gave information as to Hasan Rızayi and the transcripted essay of his work named Kan-ı Ma'ani.

Erdem Bayazıt’s Poem World

Murat TURNA — 2026-07-16

In this article on Erdem Bayazıt who is a prominent poet of recent era in Turkish poetry, and his poetry, its development and sources influenced him, people, events, his understanding of art, committing themes, his poetic language and his imagination are reviewed. To comprehend the internal dynamics of poet's modern life-style questioning and ideal elucidating poetry, to determine the reflections of socio-cultural life and to examine the technical aspects of this poetry constitute main objectives of this article. By mentioning poet's intellectual biography in the main lines, his poetry and the evaluations made on the poetics will contribute to a better understanding of Erdem Bayazıt poetry. Bayazıt, criticizing the estranged society from the traditional life-style in his poems, thinks such a civilization is artificial and corrupts mankind. His works, in which rootlessness of a life that deprived of the spiritual basis and its aloofness from redounding conciousness are expressed, uses plain but dynamic poetry language. It is observed that social problems hold a central spot, following with universal themes such as death and love, in his poems of the poet, dealing with not only the country geography but also the whole world on the axis of human susceptibility. All he did was to depend on the traditional culture, his reference point, while he was handling all of these issues. It’s obvious that the aspect affecting imagery world and the way of interpretation profoundly, force Bayazıt to perform a political stance in his works from time to time. That such particular repertoire forming the artist’s aspects briefly mentioned in modern Turkish poetry will be addressed.

Yabancı Dil Türkçe Öğretiminde Sözlük Türleri ve Kullanımlarının Türkçe Sözvarlığını Geliştirmeye Etkisi

Gülden TÜM — 2026-07-16

Sözvarlığı öğrenimi dil öğrenmenin en önemli parçası ve aynı zamanda da birçok öğrenci için en temel zorluklardan birisidir. Sözcükler manaları aktaran hatta iletişimde yanlış anlaşılmaları ortadan kaldıran canlı ve önemli dil parçalarıdır. Sözvarlığı ile ilgili yapılmış olan birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen son zamanlarda sözvarlığının öğrenilmesi ve iletişimde kullanılmasıyla ilgili yeni bir eğilim ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu eğilim, dil öğretiminde sözcüklerin listeler halinde metindeki şekliyle ezberletilmesi değil ama sözcük öğretiminin ezberlenmeden öğrenilmesini sağlayacak şekilde yeniden tanımlanmasıdır (Fallahchai, 2011). Bu yüzden, mesajı iletmede sözvarlığının uygun kullanımını bulmak, sözcüklerin biçimbirimlerini ayırt edebilmek ya da uygulayabilmek ve iletişimi devam ettirebilmek için kullanıcıların dilsel gücünü artırmada önemli rol oynayan sözlük kullanımı önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da sözlüklerin ne dereceye kadar öğrencilerin ihtiyaçlarını karşıladıklarını, yabancı dil öğrenenler için ne tür sözlüklerin daha yararlı olduğunu, sözlük türlerinin sözcüklerin manasını hatırlamadaki rolünü, kullanılan sözlüğün Türkçe öğrenen öğrencileri etkileyip etkilemediğini ve sonuç olarak da sözlük kullanımı becerilerinin öğrencilerin dil edinimlerine ne tür etki yaptığını değerlendirmektir. Bu çalışmanın katılımcıları farklı fakültelerde eğitimlerine belirli bir süre devam eden ve bu sürede Türkçeyi de yabancı dil olarak öğrenen 42 Erasmus öğrencisidir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, Türkçe sözcük öğrenmenin öğrenciler için zor olduğu ancak amaca uygun sözlük (ikidilli, çokdilli ve elektronik sözlük vb.) kullanımıyla bu zorluğun üstesinden gelinebileceği bulunmuştur.

A Research on İskenderun Gravestone Words

Hüseyin Kürşat TÜRKAN — 2026-07-16

Each of the tombstones that are erected on the top of the graves to identify the existence of the dead man and in order not to lose it includes different meanings. The tombstones which can be seen nearly every culture are shaped according to the main values of the culture they belong. This embodiment can changes according to the religion, traditions, social and economic situation of the death. In this article words on gravestones in Iskenderun in Hatay are investigated and cultural value of these words are tried to be introduced. In socio-cultural life death is inevitable end for i

Body Language In Kutadgu Bilig

İlhan UÇAR — 2026-07-16

Monuments, which were able to come to present day from the past in historical process, lights many parts of their periods. Orhun Inscriptions, Divan-ı Lugati't-Türk, Dede Korkut Stories, Atabetü'l-Hakayık, Nehcü’l Feradis are the most important monuments of the Turkish Language and Literature. One of these monuments is Kutadgu Bilig written by Yusuf Has Hacip at 11. century. Kutadgu Bilig is a written work reflects of the transition period in point of social life and belief system. Body language is one of the important factors of communication. A communication will be incomplete if body language wasn’t able to be resolved. With with verbal communication, non-verbal communication named as body language should be taken into account for establishing literal communication. Expressions about body language often appear in both dialogues among heroes and said the wise words in the Kutadgu Bilig . In terms of body language, like ‘head and face statements’, ‘hand-arm movements and behaviors’, ‘eye and point of view’, ‘clothing and appearance’, ‘positive action and pretty face’, ‘dining and table manners’ terse phrases gets involved in written work. These terse phrases attract attention of body language and sometimes express that body language will mislead people. Body language, which should be taken into account of cultural dimension, come across in oldest monuments of Turkish Language and Literature is important to show Turk’s expression power. It is seen that success in verbal communication of Turkish also effect non-verbal communication.

Change In The Ottoman Space-Time Conception; An Inquiry Through Ottoman Literary Texts

Işıl UÇMAN ALTINIŞIK — 2026-07-16

This study entitled “Change in Ottoman Space-Time Conception: An Inquiry Through Ottoman Literary Texts”, proposes a novel discussion on the transformation of Ottoman practices from pre-modern to modern times with the use of recently discovered archival and literary texts which has been neglected so far in the techno-cultural and socio-cultural researches. In that sense, “change in the Ottoman space-time conception” is one of the pivotal parameters in order to scrutinize the transformation of everyday life practices in respect to the changing contextual phenomena of the pre-modern and the modern, and this paper attempts to go beyond the prevalent approach of considering industrial revolution as the pre-requisite of discussing the social transformations brought by modernity. One of the main objectives of this study is to examine and visualize the technological, social and cultural processes experienced in the daily life practices that are specific to the Ottoman realm in relation to the space-time conception. Based on this conceptual framework, the first part named “Müneccims, Muvakkits and the Auspicious Moments: Ottoman Space-Time Conception Before 19th Century” intends to expose the ‘pre-modern Ottoman system’ in relation to temporal space-time conception rooted in cosmology and nature. Accordingly, the second part under the title “New Space-Time Conception and Modernity in Ottoman Realm” aims to scrutinize the Ottoman experience of modernity in tune with the erosion of cosmological units derived from empirical observation. In this sense ‘cosmology, astrology (ilm-i nücum), astronomy (ilm-i heyet)’, ‘müneccimbaşılık ve müneccimler (chief astrologer and the astrologers), ‘müneccimbaşı takvimleri (chief astrologer calendars)’, ‘zayiçe (horoscope) ve eşref saat (auspicious moment)’ and ‘muvakkitler, muvakkithaneler’ are phenomena to be studied. As they display the operations of the Ottoman psycho-social structure, these patterns should be assessed as definition of Ottoman pre-modernity. They stand out to manifest other rhythms such as psycho-social and cultural ones. Hence, the proposition of a rhythmic order based on empirical observation of nature and especially skies to comprehend temporal space-time and a shift to a modern space-time which replaces nature with a new order is justified and posited. Accordingly, the second chapter aims to discuss the disengagement in temporal space-time conception occurring in the transformation from traditional to modern. The intention is to demonstrate the social and cultural relation of the disengagement with the modern period. Hence this chapter studies the exemplary texts on disengagement and the figures that have taken disengagement as their agenda in their texts. Ahmet Mithat’s ‘Adab-ı Muaşeret yahut Alafranga (Forms of Politeness or the French Style)’, Ahmet Rasim’s ‘Şehir Mektupları (Urban Mail)’, H. Hamid’s ‘Şems-i Tarih - Zeval-i Saat (Dissolution of Time)’, Ahmet Samim’s ‘Vaktimizi Bilelim (Know Our Hour)’, Ahmet Haşim’s ‘Müslüman Saati (Muslim Clock)’ and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’s ‘Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü (The Calibration Institute of Clocks)’ are the exemplary texts to discuss the change in space-time conception. The assessment section associates the texts to each other and the topic. ‘Disengagement of exilic moon calendar’, ‘disengagement of Ottoman time’, ‘disengagement of day-night demarcation’ are the cases of this chapter.

A Structuralist Approach to Hâlit Ziya Uşaklıgil's Short Story "Kar Yağarken" (While It Snows)

Yavuz Sinan ULU — 2026-07-16

20. century is admitted era of structuralism in the human sciences. Firstly, structuralism emerged in range of linguistic and completed the process of acquisition of a scientific identity in this field. Sometimes structuralism was adopted as a method in expression of fact, sometimes it also was described as doctrin or common tendency of diffrent groups. Structuralism, founded by F. de Saussure, is interested in structures and it aspecially researches on general institutes making these structures on. Structuralism has a tendency to degrade fhenomans up to some parts of these institutes. Structuralism theory aims at determining and describing frame of components those generating a narration and detecting every component’s function in the whole part. According to structuralism, every single component is valuable and these components are like keys those provide to cross into deep structure from surface based upon simultaneity. This paper includes an analysis of the short story Kar Yağarken belonging to one of the most significant novelists of Turkish Literature Hâlit Ziya Uşaklıgil in the way of structuralism. This story occupied in Bir Şi'r-i Hayal which published in 1914. Key element of Uşaklıgil's storyies is love of child. Writer opens the children's world of doors to reader with sensibility which wring the hearts. Kar Yağarken is also such a story. In the story that is about pathetic lifestory of a lonely foundling by the name of Sermed, his dilemmas, rat race, dreams and lots of facts more are symbolized by the means of person, place, time, object, scent, and emotion profile. Child heart flourishing by a fury coat is represented by Sermed.

Köni or Küni or On The Issue of that the Inscription E 6 Barık II, One of The Kokturk Lettered Yenisey Inscriptions Belongs to Woman

Nurdin USEEV — 2026-07-16

the inscription E 6 Barik II of Yenisey inscriptions, explained by some scientists as the inscription erected for woman. Reason for this is explanation of the words pasts in the name of the person in memory inscription erected and other lines in this inscription. However, there is the phrase kuyda kunchuy which indicating the owner's wife in this inscription. And the words described as belonging to the womans by previous lingusits can be explained as belonging to the mans. In this article were discussed the causes suggesting that this inscription was erected to the women. In this study, has been proposed that the word read in the form of küni and reviewed as second wife may be read as köni and explaıned as accurate, honest. Some scientists who have worked on this inscription before translated and ınterpreted compound verb kishi kıl- as make a wife, to marry. In accordance with the results obtained in this and others has been suggested that the inscription planted in memory of the male person named Köni Tirig. According to our studies in this explained that Köni Tirig’s father died when Köni Tirig was three years old. And described that his uncle trained and raised him. In the last line the deceased says that he departed from his wife who stayed in home

(Two Masjid Around Baku İçeri Şeher Remaining From Seljuks: Sinig Gala (Muhammed) (1078) And Ashur (1169) Masjids)

Ramazan UYKUR — 2026-07-16

Today, there are a great many of small scaled masjıds in old Baku, which is called today İçeri Şeher (The Inland City). In this paper, the earliest two cultural material samples of Seljuks in Azerbajcan as well as Anatolia are depicted. In the study, the main aim is the investigation of these two works, which are little known in Turkish world, in some points of view such as their history, contractors, designs, architectures and ornament. For this reason, in a number of buildings in Baku and around it, some procedures were performed such as required measures, technical drawings, and photographing. After that, the study was completed with source inquiries in the Archives of Baku Berpa, Ahundov Library along with a number of Turkish libaries. Consequently, in their new homelands too, Turks tended to apply the aesthetical values, architectural approach and artistic motives which they brought in their mind togetheras well as remarkable political achievements which they obtained by housing Anatolia. Therefore, it is highly probable to come accross such samples of pre-Anatolian cultural heritage in the cities they built or on the routes they passed through during this mobility. Both of the buildings are considered remarkable in that they are the earliest samples from Seljuks which have remained until today, making it available us to track down the developments in Turkish architecture. Sınıg Gala Masjid, the first small built after Turks' arriving in Baku, is still found remarkable since it has statical problems as well as its slipshod appearance and its huge minarets that is independently built from the main building. As for the Ashur Masjids, with its two storey facade and embellished supporting arch seperating the inside, it is undoubtedly a work of a less-developed architectural style establishment of the period. However, the most considerable drawback in both of the vaulted buildings is the practise of gloomy, dim and failed locations. As a result, even though they are small scaled buildings, they don't raise anything new, they are both important in order to closely trail the architectural line of the period

A Silver Coin of Serbian King Stephan Uros II Milutin (1282-1321) from Kuva-yi Milliye Museum

Ceren ÜNAL — 2026-07-16

Museum of Kuva-yi Milliye in Balıkesir which is located in the north-western part of Turkey was established in 1996. The Museum of Kuva-yi Milliye has approximately 2.500 coins from different cultures and ages. As a result of some research, done between 2011-2012 August, one rare silver coin which dated back to Medieval era of Serbia was detected. There is a silver dinar of Serbian king Stephen Uroš II Milutin (1282-1321) in Kuva-yi Milliye Museum which might have come to Anatolia with the international trade route. Serbian silver dinar was found together with a group of Venetian silver coins and it was wrongly classified to Byzantine Empire which was an effective culture in that era. Most probably, Serbian silver coin which was dated back to the end of the 13th century, might have come to the Anatolia with a trade of Venetia. The coin which is protected in the Museum is the reflection of a rich culture of Anatolia which is the center of overseas trade between East and West. When Byzantine Empire began to lose its power in 12th century, the idea of independence between Balkan communities developed. Serbian Kingdom which was established in 12th century was getting stronger gradually and its borders were extended. Therefore, Serbian Kingdom reached a balance situation between the West and Byzantine Empire. As the Serbian Kingdom, was located on the overland journey between the West and the East, it had effective relations with its western alliances. Because of its strategical location, Byzantine Empire had to have good relations with them. This rare silver dinar most probably came to Anatolia with the Venetian merchants who were dominant in the sea trade in that era. It will be presented with the help of the historical background of the Balkans and Serbia.

Unknown Two Buildings Of The XIV Th Century In Mersin: Camili (Gökçeli) Village Central Mosque And Tomb

H. Sibel ÜNALAN ÖZDEMİR — 2026-07-16

Today, Camili (Gökçeli) Village is a village in the center of Mersin. The village was founded in Seljukian period by the Gökçeli tribe which was one of the seven tribes of Varsak Turkomen who were one of the Bozok and Üçok tribes having migrated to Anatolia and having settled around Tarsus. This tribe inhabited the land between Deliçay, 10 km. north-east of and Mezidli stream, 8 km. west of today’s Mersin. The village got its name of from its mosque. The mosque, planned in square shape, has got three nave and is covered with a plain wooden roof. The coatings of the outer walls of the mosque having been built even cutted stones, were replaced all but completely after the restorations. The construction is in bad condition though. A minaret was added to the south-west corner of the mosque in 1978. The minaret has got typical features of the minarets of the XXth century in Mersin. There is no decoration in the mosque except destroyed rosettes on the pediments with decorative motifs on the inscription panel and entrance arch. The square shaped tomb being built with even-cutted stones and being in the north of the mosque is in bad condition because of the cracks on the body wallls. There have been largecracks on the walls of the mosque and the tomb because of the landslides with this study, Tomb is covered with dome. Transitions to the dome are provided by with pendentives. There are three graves in the tomb. There is no decoration in the tomb which is the extremely simple. It is aimed to introduce the mosque and tomb, about which there is no information and publication, throug photos and plan drawings; to define its importance in Mersin’s history and in Turkish architecture and also to confirm it to be historical as soon as possible because of the danger of collapsing.

First Trade Activities in Kırşehir and Around

Veli ÜNSAL — 2026-07-16

Assyrians took advantage of the fact that there was not a central kingdom in Anatolia in the first quarter of 2000 B.C and ensured establishing of a commercial relationship between Anatolia and Mesopotamia through market places that are assumed to be over 40 according to the last findings. Some of these market places are Kırşehir and around. On the other hand, this region is in a close geographical area to some of the important marketplaces such as Kültepe, Acemhöyük and Alişar built by Assyrians who had come to Anatolia for commerce. The age during which conscious commercial activities had been carried out was the Era of Assyrian Commercial Colonies. Especially two of this era’s settlements attract attention. One of these is Kaman Kalehöyük whose excavations continue for a long time, and another one is Yassıhöyük which has a palace complex which is seen in some other market places. Kaman Kalehöyük and Yassıhöyük are the two important settlements of Kırşehir and Middle Anatolia. This significance originates from the fact that through these places, Kırşehir and neighborhood were the first regions that encountered with writing in Anatolia as a result of settlements in the Era of Assyrian Commercial Colonies.

Uzbek Turkologist Berdak Yusuf and Lexical Studies

Emek ÜŞENMEZ — 2026-07-16

Today’s Uzbekistan is an important region for Turkic studies. Berdak Yusuf is one of the Turcologists of the Uzbek region which has an important role in the history of Turcology due to the richness of its Turkish language resources and the scholars who work on these resources. The author is born in Jizzah where located near the Samarqand city, in 1949. Berdak Yusuf has been reserched at Sciencies Academy of Uzbekistan which Institution of Ali Sher Navaiy Language and Literature. He is working at department of Languge History-dialectology and Turkic Languages at the moment. Berdak Yusuf, who knows Russian, Kazakh Turkic, Kyrgyz Turkic, Turkmen Turkic, Azerbaijan Turkic, besides Uzvek turkic except of Turkey Turkic and also especially works on lexicography. He is a student of the famous Uzbek Turcologist Prof. Dr. Ergesh Fazilov and they with cooperation prepared th dictionary of the works of Ali Sher Navaiy. Berdak Yusuf, who is a member of the Dictionary of Modern Turkish Dialects Organization Committee, has prepared the section “Dictionary of Uzbek Turkic”. Berdak Yusuf (Berdak Yusufov) stayed in Turkey for a few years in order to prepare the above mentioned Dictionary of Modern Turkish Dialects Organization Committee, has prepared the section “Dictionary of Uzbek Turkic” and thus had the oppurtunity to get in touch with the academicians of Turcoloy. Berdak Yusuf’s contributions to Turcology in general and to Lexicography in particular are discussed in this study.

Developing The Achievement Test For The Secondary Education Music Course

Yakup Alper VARIŞDerya CESUR — 2026-07-16

In the scope of planning, programming, configuration, development of music lessons in secondary education institutions, where general music education is trained, and their assessment in accordance with an integral point of view, it should be determined what extent the students reach the expected theoretical knowledge. The importance of measuring cognitive skills of students in music lessons shows up distinctly, when scope enlargement and progress of music theories education in secondary education level is considered. For this reason, the necessity for developing academic success tests in music lessons comes to the forefront. This research aims at developing an achievement test with validity and reliability work to measure the basic music knowledge targeted for secondary education students taking the music course to gain. For the content validity, expert opinion was requested; and due to the fact that the items in the test were designed in the form of multiple-choice and that it was in the 1-0 item structure for the reliability of the measurement tool, KR-20 internal consistency coefficient was used, items’ distinctive indices were calculated through item difficulty index. The ITEMAN analysis programme was employed for those analyses. Accordingly, averaged item difficulty and distinctiveness indexes have been determined as, respectively, 0,411 and 0,384. At the end of specialist opinions and item analysis, it’s been specified that the validity of success test, which has been reduced to 25 articles, is high. The reliability work was conducted with 180 students. In consequence, the KR-20 reliability coefficient for the measurement tool was found to be 0.76. To conclude, it was found that the secondary education music course achievement test was a scale with sufficient level of validity and reliability which could be used to measure the secondary education students’ academic achievement in the music course.

THE RELATIONS OF TURKEY-ROMANIA(1930-1938)

Selman YAŞAR — 2026-07-16

Turkey-Romania relations have begun a few months before from declaration of Republic of Turkey. Romania which has joint in Laussanne Conference has supported Turkey at the matter of Capitulates. Embassies have opened in Ankara and Bucharest correspondingly after the Laussanne Conference. The relations between Turkey and Romania have developed direction of developments in Europe and The Pact of Balkan. Two countries have also tried hard for protection of status quo in Europe and Balkans. The first treaty has been signed in 1929 between Turkey and Romania and collaborate has been done in political and economic field until 1938. The visits have been realized for this aim mutually. Friendship and trade treaties have been signed between two countries. Turkey and Romania have taken part in the Pact of Balkan when established in 9 February 1934. Romania has support to Turkey at the Treaty of Montreux.

Image Of Mother In The Sezai Karakoç’s Imagination Of Civilization

Hüseyin YAŞAR — 2026-07-16

Sezai Karakoç, with ideas and literary yields important authors of Turkish literature. He moved today, the traditional images and religious parables, with Poems by reinterpreting. One his foot is in the past. In this context, Karakoç, is the projection of the past of our century. The other foot in the future. He emplaced his poem on the traditional basis. Karakoç design a civilization project based on this principle. This project is called the Diriliş (resurrection). The primary element of civilization’s Diriliş is human beings. Mother takes place as one of the elements. Mother, creates a large vessel to poetry as a source of image. The vessel becomes then his mother's image in his dream, intellectuals and blessed mother of the past . His mother has a spiritual perspective capacity in terms of information. Karakoç places in his poetry the womens belonging to the Islamic geography with deep historical. These women are mothers of the east, isolated from his structures materials. Mother is image of savior and has a archetypal depth. Mother is one important trivet to realize the resurrection. To do this, she must have a wise personality, just like his mother. She will shape the future. In this respect, mother also train child care. She should give value of the vital information to the child. Mother must equip the necessary knowledge world, moral and religious. In this study examined the mission image of mother loaded Karakoc’s poem. In addition, the study examined using the possibilities of historical re-interpretation of the language of modern poetry format images of the mother will be examined. Thus, the prototype of ideal mother’s the poet imagination will emerge.

Term Differences in the Area of Turkish Language in Primary Education-Secondary and Higher Education

Serdar YAVUZMehmet GÜRLEK — 2026-07-16

Terms are vocabulary which attribute different meanings to words and make sense of words with the purpose of providing understanding among people who have same world of concept. Conditions such as change in civilization circle, mentality difference, passing national state from empire, alphabet change cause term subject to be evaluated differently. Terms are elements of a language which have special meanings. Term union and the intelligibility of terms take a leading part in development of language at the same time. What depends on term union is development of standart language and its becoming a science language, abolishing duality in education, learning’s getting easier. Turkish Language and education system have experienced some misfortune in the subject of term. During the time from the first grammer book Müyessiretü’l Ulüm which was written with Western Turkish till Dictionary of Grammer Terms, both different terms were used and some term offers were made from different languages. Terminology about language and literatüre which we used untill the year 1932 when Turkish Linguistic Society was founded started to change after that year. Our terms started to get Turkic intensely. Terms which are used in education levels from the first level in primary education to twelfth level in secondary education and terms which are used in period of preparation for exams differ from each other in terms of both naming and usage. This situation takes a different shape in the process of passing higher education. The purpose in our work is not producing term, making a term offer, doing wrong/true evaluation about terms but giving ''exceeding abundace'' in the term offers which correspends a term about the branches of science, art, sports and occupation, revealing the classification problem in the present terms. Ofcourse evaluations about term problems have been done before. However we will try to reveal the situation by doing the evaluations narrow scoped section by section ( first phonetics I, phonetics II, syntax III) which were done in general manner before.

Evaluation Of Curriculum, Hidden Curriculum And Out-Of-School Sources In Terms Of Their Efficacy For Gaining Values Based On Student Views

Etem YEŞİLYURTİbrahim KURT — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to identify efficacy level and ways of curriculum, hidden curriculum and out-of-school sources on children’s value gain according 8th grade students’ views. This research is in survey model and study population consists of 8th grade students in primary schools of Konya central provinces during second term of 2011-2012 academic year. Study sample includes 526 students from six primary schools and they have been selected by “homogeneous sampling method”. Research data has been obtained via “Way of Gaining Values Included in Primary School Curricula Survey” which is developed by Der and Kuş (2009). In data analysis, frequency, percentage, arithmetic average, and standard deviation have been used. Based on obtained study findings, following conclusions have been made. Curriculum, hidden curriculum and out of school sources are all very effective in making students gain personal, national and universal values. Although statistically significant difference has not been found between these three variables in making students gain values, most effective factor still seems to be out-of-school sources, then curriculum and the least effective factor is hidden curriculum. Similar result has been obtained when the ways of gaining values are examined. Another finding of this study is that curriculum, hidden curriculum and out of school sources are more effective in terms of students’ gaining of national values. In addition to these, based on obtained results, several recommendations have been made.

An Outlook on Agricultural Education in The Reign of Abdulhamid II

Özgür YILDIZ — 2026-07-16

Reign of Abdulhamit II is seen as a reflection of his long and troublesome political life. In spite of magnitude of political problems it cannot be ignored that he made an effort for modernization and development of the country. Having dealt with agriculture and earned a fortune as a farm owner before his accession to the throne made Sultan Abdulhamit II experienced about this matter. Therefore he personally paid attention to agriculture and agriculture education. By opening agriculture schools in several provinces of Ottoman Empire the sultan demonstrated his sensibility about this matter. Agriculture schools he had opened in Istanbul, Thessaloniki and Bursa got effective on development of modern agriculture. Selection of agriculture school students, implementation of central examination system, and even re-examination of students who passed the central exam by the school teachers give us some clues about educational idea of the period. Another point in the documents that grasps our attention is that students were encouraged by awarding prizes in that era. Consideration of all details relating the students testifies clearly to importance given to education by the central government. It is also remarkable that in the agriculture schools that had opened by the sultan in late Ottoman period, which constitutes subject of this study, applied education was given a special importance. In sum, in this study understanding of the period is tried to be expressed more clearly with the help of the details stated in 1884 dated regulations which is obtained from the Ottoman Archives and makes us have knowledge about agricultural education and other archival documents.

A Feature On The Poem "Mendilimde Kan Sesleri" By Edip Cansever

Sibel YILMAZ — 2026-07-16

Edip Cansever, one of the leading poets of İkinci Yeni, produced sixteen poem books which were successively published in his journey of poetry that began in 1947 with the publication of his book called “İkindi Üstü”. When we examine the poems of Edip Cansever, one of the most creative and unique poets of Turkish poetry, we recognize that he emphasized similar themes and opinions in all of his poems, that he tried to create a new language of poetry and that he contemplated topics of “meaning, structure, dramatic elements and decor” Edip Cansever’s poem. “Mendilimde Kan Sesleri” that was published in his book “Sonrası Kalır” (1974) is one of the poems that reflects his understanding of poetry in the best way and that was liked much. In this study, basing on “Mendilimde Kan Sesleri” the sense of poetry of Cansever will be pondered on and the poem “Mendilimde Kan Sesleri” will be studied under the headings of mentality, structure, theme, language and rhythm. Based on this classification plan, a new viewpoint will be tried to bring to the poetry of Cansever which is described as “incomphresensible, abstract, implict.”

The Present Situation of Non-Sino-Tibetan Languages Spoken in Northern and North-Western China I Altaic Languages I – Mongolian

Gökçe Yükselen PELER — 2026-07-16

Mongolian is one of the languages, which Turkish has been in intensive mutual contact throughout the historical course. The interactive relation between Turkish and Mongolian has continued to date despite it has occasionally decreased and increased due to the migrations and cultural changes experienced by the speakers of these languages. Some areas in present-day People’s Republic of China are regions, where this interaction still remains intact. Turkish and Mongolian have lost ground or even are facing extinction in some of these regions, which historically had been the living space of Turkish and Mongolian-speaking populations. However, Mongolian is still represented with at least ten varieties within the borders of People’s Republic of China. Some of these varieties are at the edge of extinction whereas others like Southern Mongol are enduring the pressure of the Chinese language as well as posing a threat to other Mongolian varieties together with Chinese and Tibetan. The Chinese language endangers the existence of Mongolian varieties like all other minority languages as a result of being the official language of the People’s Republic of China and the language of the vast majority. On the other hand Tibetan pressurizes Mongolian varieties mainly with religious reasons besides demographic ones. In spite of the pressure felt from Chinese, Tibetan and Southern Mongol, some minor Mongolian varieties are pressurizing some Turkic and Tungusic varieties.

The Novel Ağrıdağı Efsanesi in Terms of ‘Epic Laws by Axel Olrik’ and ‘Hero Pattern by Lord Raglan’

Mahfuz ZARİÇ — 2026-07-16

The authorship of Yaşar Kemal has been shaped with the influence of many products of folk literature since his childhood and the elements of folk narratives in his novels aren’t only composed of motives, themes and issues. Structural elements of different folk narratives are the typical features of Yaşar Kemal’s novels. It’s observed that the epic rules exist in the novel of Yaşar Kemal named Ağrıdağı Efsanesi respectively determined by folklorist Axel Olric. Staging style of the main case at the novel, termination of narrative, some repeats worth leitmotivs and some numbers; exhibiting similar attitudes in similar situations by the hero of the novel; unity of the cases in the novel and like properties are the main epic rules in this novel. Novel central person Ahmet with his vines shows compliance with “mold of hero” that it’s rules determined by folklorist Lord Raglan. Sending Ahmet secretly by someone to a place, the period of his unknown childhood, his combat with cruel Mahmut Han; his victory at the end of this struggle, his marriage with the daughter of Han, his mysterious death, his lost in Küp Gölü, transforming into a white bird, his being graveless and the factors such as are the phases and behaviors of heroic mold of people stories. In this article, we will examine Yaşar Kemal’s novel “Ağrıdağı Efsanesi” regarding universal fiction elements as legends and folk-tales’ reflections in the context of text-based structuralist theories.

Single Shapedand Multi-Functional Construction Of Additionals In Turkish

Mehmet GEDİZLİ — 2026-07-16

This article was examined in terms of the functions of Turkish construction of additional. One of the ways used to create new words and concepts in Turkish is to use affixes. Due to an agglutinative language, it is need to be used a lot of affixes, this way of using has long been used with developing new vocabularies so today number of vocabulary in Turkish has reached maximum point. In parallel with the developments in information technologies, social structures like language make a rapid change and development. If languages which cannot use development opportunities correctly and efficiently they get into the effect of the dominant languages. The findings related to the language deaths in the world show that measures should be taken in the face of these developments. Turkish as one of the most spoken languages of the European Union is not faced with this problem directly, but if the necessary precautions are not already taken there likely seems to be problems in the future. This study was conducted in accordance with the purpose and intent. Making use of the valuable works so far on the Turkish language, we tried to draw attention to Turkish’s productivity. In this study, firstly literature research was made the data obtained from this research was compared by reviewing and revising and after creating the data for the purposes of the study, the affixes used in the building of word, classified according to functional properties. Affixes’ functions, evaluated in four directions and evaluated according to the noun and verb type to make the word. According to the results of the study, three-quarters of affixes have noun making functions. At the same time it has been noticed that as the affixes’ functionality increases, the number of affixes’ sound decreases. In Turkish four affixes are used with the four different word producing methods therefore these affixes were examined by taking into consideration the historical periods of Turkish. Depending to affixes’ functions, on teaching Turkish like additional information proposed to make separated part.

Kitap Tanıtımı

Murat AKA — 2026-07-16

Kitap Tanıtımı

Mahmut İNAT — 2026-07-16

Cemal Kurnaz, Magnicifent Century Literature, Kurgan Edebiyat Publisher, Ankara 2011, 208 p.

Sümeyye YILDIZ YILDIRIM — 2026-07-16