Turkish Studies - International, Year 2011 Issue Volume 6 Issue 2

For Halil Erdoğan Cengiz

Aydın Sami GÜNEYÇAL — 2026-07-16

City Satires in the Classical Turkish Poetry and Arpaemîni-zâde Mustafa Samî’s Qasida of Edirne

Fatma Sabiha KUTLAR OĞUZ — 2026-07-16

In the classical Turkish poetry, there are satirical examples among the poems which is subject about settlement places like cities, towns and villages. Poets, in these texts, had satirized various settlement place at imperial geography, generally because of its place name and folk features under cover of rhetoric and argo, reasons such as “disapprobation, aversion of the folk, disappointment, getting irritate from nature or geographical location, to be dispatched involuntarily”. In this study, the city satires that put down on paper by the Divan poets shortly familiarized which we have made firm, and it is focused on the Edirne satire of the XVIII. century poets Arpaemîni-zâde Mustafa Samî which put down on paper his negative feelings about the Edirne city, combining by negative features of the winter season. By the expressions in this qasida, the poet revealed intimately that he doesn’t like the Edirne and its folk. Likewise, he had indicated the contention among the two capital city of Ottoman Empire which its root reached to conquest years, continued implicitly beginnig of the XVIII. Century.

Witticism in the Sixteenth Century According to “Tezkire”s

Süleyman SOLMAZ — 2026-07-16

For understanding old Turkish Literature, it must be searched with all its instruments. One of the lots of questions is about laughing. What for was old people laughing and how was this situation reflecting in old Turkish literature. We want to find the answer of this question in old Turkish literature, especially in “Tezkire”s. Old Turkish classic writers is used “hezl”, “mesel”, “kıssa”, “mutâyebe”, “mülâtafa”, “ta‘riz”, “nekre” instead of joke, fun, witty and etc… In this work we want to analyze these terms in “Tezkire”s.

Humorous Statements in the Nabi Münşeat and Nabi’s Humorous Letter to Rami Pasha

Halil İbrahim HAKSEVER — 2026-07-16

Nabi who is the greatest poet in 17th century has a very strong prose too. He has ornate but strong writing style. There are lots of letters full of ironical statements and jokes. Nabi wrote according to topic and person by using different types. Sometimes they are serious and difficult, sometimes they are full of similes to effect the readers, he wrote and use sentences in a strong humorous style. The letter written for thanking to Rami Pasha who sent a horse to Nabi for a present is an exactly kind of example of humorous style. He portrayed the horse as a lover and wrote its characteristics in this letter. In this abstract, examples are given from Münşeat, and the full letter is presented.

Relationship Between Humour and Hyperbole with Examples from Divan Poetry

Ülkü ÇETİNKAYA — 2026-07-16

ABSTRACT Humour is one of the most important subjects in also literature as it is in many other fields. Humour writers and poets use some methods and tools, either comical or satirical, while they write humour. One of those methods and tools is hyperbole. As a result, exaggeration which is used in daily language and takes over a basic function in humour formation is also a literary device at the same time. In this paper, the relationship between device and humour has been tried to be evaluated through examples of beyits providing hyperbole art in poems of

The Satirical Poems in Müteferrikât Part of the Dîvân Of Lâmi'î Chelebi

Aslı AYTAÇ — 2026-07-16

Lâmi?î Chelebi grown up between the end of XVth century and beginning of XVIth century created more than forty works as verse and prose. There are satirical poems in his works named as Dîvân and Letâyif-nâme. These poems have been written for such purposes as complaint, condemnation and denigrate. In this work; types of words that he used and the arts of poetry that he benefit from will be evaluated by investigating satirical poems in müteferrikât part of his Dîvân according to their contents.

Expression of Critical in The Poems Mecmua

İncinur ATİK GÜRBÜZ — 2026-07-16

Mecmuas contain poems which selections from different poets and they present information about the poets’ life and their literary personalities. Beyond this, some of the mecmuas examine poets in a critical point of view. In this study, is presented expression of critical about some poets where in the poems mecmua named “Mecmua-i Letaif”.

The Case Of Safâyî’s Tezkire Humorous Environment in 18th Century Literary Community

Mustafa ATİLA — 2026-07-16

Tezkire’s, which gives important informations about its written or discussed period, as well as bringing poets’ personal informations, poetry’s power, examples of poems to present, also includes interesting details of that period’s art and literature atmosphere. In this study, based on the Safâyî Tezkire, 18th Century literary world will be evaluated in terms of humorous side, social appearance, nightlife, traditions and customs as well as the power of poetry, poets’ choice of pseudonym and physical properties.

DOSYA ARKASI

DOSYA ARKASI — 2026-07-16

Social Life in 14th Century from the Perspective of Ahmedi and Şeyhoğlu Mustafa

Melike GÖKCAN — 2026-07-16

14th century is an era of very important beginnings and formations in Anatolia. During this period, where Seljukian state organization had started to dissolve under Mongolian pressure and the Anatolian principalities (as called “beylik”) endeavored to create grounds and opportunities for themselves in the form of independent structures, it is possible to see various political and cultural developments change the color and fabric of Anatolia, forming a basis for the birth of a new civilization. This period is at the same time constitutes a turning point with respect to development of Turkish language in the field of Anatolia. Literature of Seljukian period is known to have developed through Persian. However, preference of Anatolian “bey”s (heads of principalities) were in favor of literary works to be performed in Turkish. Western Turkish gaining practicality and turning into a literary language with the initiation of producing proprietary and translation literary works in Turkish within the direction of such requirement of these “bey”s constitutes a very significant process for the future of Turkish literature. The most important literary works produced during this century, which we could call as a transition period, are the masnavis. Masnavis are works having a rich pattern, incorporating, within a story set up, the socio-cultural structure, social and political formations, belief system and the totality of values of the period in which they are created. In this paper, we aimed at viewing historical, social and cultural characteristics of the era through the perspective of two literary works, “İskendernâme” and “Cemşîd ü Hurşîd”, by Ahmedî, the powerful masnavi poet raised in Germiyan and eye-witnessed the establishment and rise of the Ottoman.

The Place Of Turkish Folk Poetry And Phonetics-Semantics Relationship And Drawing On The Power Of Folk Poetry In Teaching Of Turkish Language

Nilgün AÇIK ÖNKAŞ — 2026-07-16

There are no samples of folk poetry in the course books of Turkish language. Therefore, we can not make use of the power of our folk poetry in teaching of Turkish language. The samples of folk poetry in Turkish language teaching are samples which can be liked by students in terms of their simplicity and lyricism. Through such poems, the students can be equipped with integrated skills of the language. But, lack of powerful examples of our folk poetry in course books reviewed seems to be an important drawback. The study aims to reveal the relationships between the phonetic and semantic aspects of the words, and the effects of the features of sounds on the creation of meaning and feelings. Through comparison of the samples of folk poetry with powerful lyricism, integrated language skills of the students can be improved. While doing this, in line with the constructivist approach in education, phonetics-semantics relations-based poetry analysis method and descriptive method were employed. This method, by drawing the attention to the language skills of poets, emphasizing the language skills of poets, appears to be useful method to improve students’ conception and enrich their connotation world. Words and phrases in the selected poem were analyzed in relation to phonetics-semantics relations. In phonetics-based evaluation, scoring table was used. In semantics-based analysis, conceptualizations and the effects of feeling transmission on the scores of poems were investigated. Then, in light of the data, conclusions were reached. It was found that the folk poems analyzed are rich in lyricism, hence they can emotionally embrace students and improve their language skills. Capitalizing on the power of our folk poetry, drawing attention to the preferences for the worlds with richer sound values in these poems contributed to the development of students’ language skills.

Reported Speech in Fictional Narrative Texts In Terms of Speech Acts Theory

Soner AKŞEHİRLİ — 2026-07-16

Speech or discourse reporting (speech representation) is a linguistic phenomenon which is seen both in ordinary communication and fictional narrative texts. In linguistics, speech reporting is differentiated as direct, indirect and free-indirect speech. On the other and, speech acts theory, suggested by J.L.Auistin, can provide a new perspective for speech reporting. According to theory, to say or to produce a statement (locutionary act) is to perform an act (illocutionary act).Moreover, one can performed an act ifluenced by an locutionary act. In ordinary communication, reporter and in fictional texts narrator may report one, two or all of the locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act of reported statement. At the same time, these processes must considered in determining point of view that governing narrative texts. So that, we can develop a new typology of speech reporting for fictional texts.

Uzbek Proverbs in Terms of Sentence Structure

Bilal AKTAN — 2026-07-16

UZBEK PROVERBS İN TERMS OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE ABSTRACT Western arm of the Turkish language in Turkey Turkish, Uzbek Turkish arms in the east are two important dialect. This two-way voice and data terms are major differences between the contemporary Turkish dialect is also compared in terms of syntax, there is no significant difference between the two is seen. The lack of a significant change in terms of collocational words, sentence structures, of course, also applies to the Uzbek sayings. Uzbek Turkish proverbs include "a simple, unified, ordered and connected sentences", but 'that' structure was not used at all in the proverbs. Also in proverbs,it is remarkable that sentences structured with sequential form are more abundant than sentences structured with compound form.

XVI. Century Ottoman World Example of A Plagiarism: The Analysis of the Unusual Similarity Between Düstûrü’l-Mülk Vezîrü’l-Melik and Marzûban-name Translated by Şeyhoğlu

Ahmet ALTAY — 2026-07-16

In this essay the relation between two work of arts called ‘’Düsturül Mülk vezirul Melik and Şeyhoğlu Mustafa’s Marzuban –name ‘’ ,which were written in different centuries but conveyed a lot of similarities in terms of contend, theme and style, is studied. In the introduction part of the study, the term of plagiarism is focused on; the definition and types of plagiarism is scrutinized and then the general information about the translation of ‘’Düsturül Mülk vezirul Melik and Şeyhoğlu Mustafa’s Marzuban –name ‘’is given by making comparisons between two work of arts. As a result of the comparisons by puting forth the similarities in terms of theme, characteres, the composition of the work of art, language and style , it has been proved that Düstûrü’l-Mülk Vezirû’l-Melik is not a copyright work of art in reality, but it has been composed by plagiarism in the translation of Şeyhoğlu Mustafa’s Marzûban –nâme.

Bahâr-nâme: An Unknown Work by Celilî

Arzu ATİK — 2026-07-16

To compose a

Learning Strategies Adopted by Secondary School Students For Geography Courses

Fatih AYDIN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to detect the learning strategies adopted by secondary school students for geography courses. A total of 298 students attending to secondary schools in Turgutlu county of Manisa joined the research within 2009-2010 academic year. “Learning Strategies Scale” developed by Toy (2007) is used as data gathering technique in this research in which general scanning model is applied. For data analysis, arithmetic average, t test, single direction variance analysis (ANOVA) and multiple comparison test (LSD) are employed. Arithmetic average of the scale of secondary school students’ ideas about learning strategies for geography class is 3,51 and is on the “I agree” direction. It is observed that secondary school students most commonly use “grouping strategies” and least commonly use “planning strategies”. Scale for students’ ideas about learning strategies for geography courses has a meaningful difference in terms of “gender” and “class levels” variable.

Surface Distribution Modelling for Precipitation in The Ege Region

Muhammet BAHADIR — 2026-07-16

The scope of this study was the surface distribution modeling of precipitation in Anatolia and the Aegean Region which covers the western part of our country. The precipitation was handled in terms of 10 year segments and applied with Interactive 3D Analysis, Geographically Intensive Regression, Radial Basis Function and Quadratic Trend Analysis after which a precipitation dispersion map was established. It was concluded that planetary factors had a primary impact on the dispersion and change of precipitation in the region. On the other hand, topographical characteristics were determining for local precipitation changes, it was particularly evident that the northern parts of the mountains subject to exposure received more precipitation. The temporal changes in the precipitation of the region has shown a general declining trend from 1975 up to 2010. Although the declined amount is more pronounced on the coastal parts, the situation is more critical in the inland parts with less precipitation. According to trend analysis results targeting the future, indications pertaining to the continuation of the declining precipitatıon trend have been observed.

Reading Mistakes In The Text In Verses In The Diıctionary Named “Tasavvuf Sözlüğğ (Istılâhât-ı İnsân-ı Kâmil)”

Fatih BAŞPINAR — 2026-07-16

While transliterating the texts with Arabic letters into the Latin ones, not fulfilling needed conditions could cause much mistakes. Especially in the text in verses –of course in

Children's Education and Children's World in Divanü Lugat'it Türk

Zekerya BATURMerve BEŞTAŞ — 2026-07-16

This study was conducted as a survey method based on the review of the document. In this study Divan Lugati't Türk was examined in terms of the concept of “child”, children's education and children's world. As a result of the study, it was determined that the child has own language, game world and view of education. In the book effectively used proverbs actions of the child's daily life. Mother dealt with the general education of the child, father dealt with vocational training. In addition, in the education of children mother played on important role in child’s education.

The Similaritis of Fiction and Structure and Type and Theme in Between the Epics of Homer and the Stories of Dede Qorqut

Adem CAN — 2026-07-16

In this study the stories of Dede Qorqut are compared with the epics of Homer. In the between these texts the considerable similaritis those are concerned with fiction, structure, topic, theme, type, manner and motif have been determined. It has been understood that the some of these similaritis had come from legends and talis belonging to The East. It is supposed that the influence between Homer and Dede Qorqut has come true thanks to myths. It is supposed that Dede Qorput knew the Homer’s epics at level of motif and mythology. The influence between cultures is a dynamic and intricate process and it is able to make national literatures to get rich

The İmportance of İbrahim Alâettin’s (Gövsa’s) Named Çocuk Şiirleri Around the Children’s Literature

A.Mecit CANATAK — 2026-07-16

İbrahim Alâettin (Gövsa) has got an extremely sensitive and tactful personality. Furthermore he was interested in training children, psikology of children and litterature of children. His studies which about in that matters are very important. His poems and proses have been make out in Turkish litterature. But İbrahim Alâettin’s poems and proses are the first important precisions. Accordingly he has been regarded the builders of the Children’s Litterary Çocuk Şiirleri (Child’s Poems) which published in 1911 is considerable study. İt is not only firstly product but also typed to state of mind of children. He comprehended political, literary, jurdicial, economical, social and intellectual issue of Tanzimat (Administratie Reforms, 1839), Meşrutiyet (Constitastional Monarchy) and Cumhuriyet Devri (Cumhuriyet Area). The conceptions and feelings which invented from his poems was released by him is suitable of children’s minds.

Morphological Structure –mAz+lAn- and It’s Usage

Ali CİN — 2026-07-16

The morphological structure “-maz+lan-” is not using often in modern Turkish language, thereby it is seem as alien element; although it was widely use in historical Turkish dialects. The scientists came to the common opinion, that the suffix “-maz,-mez” was the result of the combination of privative suffix “-ma, -me” and the participle or preformative suffix “-z”. The second part of this structure is suffix “la-n” or “lan”.There is no more examples for “maz+lan-” in the Turkish-Turkish Dictionary accept “bilmezlen-” But there are examples as “olmazlan-, almazlan-, görmezlen-, işitmezlen-, gitmezlen-”, which took place in historical Turkish dialects and some literary works. In this study, investigates morphological structures “görmezlen-, görmezlikten gel-, görmemezlikten gel-” and similar structures, their meanings and form characteristics.

Undesirable Student Behaviors Faced by Classroom Teachers and Ways of Coping With

İbrahim ÇANKAYAHurşit ÇANAKÇI — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to determine the undesirable student behaviors faced by the classroom teachers and the solutions they apply to these behaviors. The population of the research comprises of the class teachers who worked in the Elazığ Province Central Elementary Schools during the 2010-2011 fall semester. The sample of the research was carried out on the 60 class teachers who were selected randomly among the population and who were interviewed face to face. The data written in the interview forms which were answered by the 38 teachers among the teachers who were interviewed face to face was evaluated with the “Nvivo 7” qualitative data analysis program. “Being irrelevant to the course”, “cheating”, “physical or verbal violence”, “being disrespectful to the teacher”, refusing responsibility”, “disturbing the order in the class” and “grouping” are among the undesirable student behaviors frequently faced by the teachers. The short or long run solution suggestions such as “guidance-counseling”, “confrontation”, “responsibility training”, “punishing”, “rewarding” and “providing social support” are among the solutions to which the teachers appeal against the undesirable behaviors.

Gönen (Balıkesir) Hot Springs In Terms of Their Effects On Thermal Tourism and Spatial Change

Bayram ÇETİNKAYAEmre ÖZŞAHİN — 2026-07-16

This study examines the effects of Gönen hot springs on tourism activities and economic and spatial change. For that reason, firstly physical properties of these hot springs are evaluated and even compared with their vicinity. In modern sense, Gönen is one of first thermal tourism center of our country. Thermal tourism which especially made progress thanks to the investments started following 1950s has become one of the main sectors of the local economy. This sector provides service to 120.000 or 130.000 visitors – mostly domestic tourists – on average every year. Today, the sector has become integrated with Gönen not only in economic sense but in socio-cultural and even image and symbolic sense, as well. Besides their effects on economic and social structure, tourism activities also gave shape to the space. Their effects on the spatial expansion of the county and urban land use are especially noticeable. Therefore, it can be suggested that a new and multi-dimensional planning is needed.

Women and Women's Role in American Missionary (A Sample of Middle East)

Murat Gökhan DALYAN — 2026-07-16

American missionary began in the early years of the XIX century in the Middle East. However, taking into consideration of region's cultural fabric and history, missionaries who will be sent to here should have been married. In this manner missionary adaptation has been easily provided with societies in this region. In later years, depending on increasing the workload of married women and education policy of girls the single women missionaries began to send missions to the region. Under supervision of married missionary families, single women missionaries, who sent to this region worked as their staff assistant. The main work of women missionaries in the mission areas of the region are among women preaching, education and in the next period medical professions such as medicine. Because of difficult circumstances especially in the first period, missionary women who raised as a model for other women in the Middle East gave a very large losses. Despite of their positive contribution to missionary at the end of the XIX century, they have had a lower status than men, and they were not considered as missionaries. For these reasons they organized among themselves. In this study, women activities of American missioners in Middle East and the role of this in the organizations will be investigated.

On the Importance of the Phoneme Theory

Kerim DEMİRCİ — 2026-07-16

Analyzing the structure of language has primarily to do with understanding the sounds that make up language. Saussure’s idea of ‘language is a system of mutually defining entities’ [there is nothing but differences in language] has been the main incentive behind the phoneme theory. The theory in modern terms has been formed especially by Baudouin de Courtenay and linguitsts such as Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Paul Passy, Roman Jakobson, Sergey Karçevski. These scholars made a tremendous contribution to linguistics by setting a system that made possible to differentiate speech sounds and phonemes from all other unprocessed (raw) ones. This system laid the foundation of modern phonetic and phonology. This study examines the main features of the phoneme theory that analyzes distinctive features of speech sounds from a systematic approach.

Mîzân-nâme-i Şu’arâ: The Work of Es-Seyyid Hüseyin Hüsnî Burdurî on Arud

Şener DEMİREL — 2026-07-16

Arud, a poetic meter based on the formation of syllables as long or short, and closed or open, is one of the most outstanding characteristics of especially the Diwan poetry. The Arud prosody, which was first used in the Arabic literature, and then in Persian and Turkish literatures respectively, has occasionally necessitated distinct works to be written on itself as it contains some rules within itself. The work Mizân-nâme-i Şu‘arâ, which is dealt with in this paper, was written by Es-Seyyid Hüseyin Hüsnî, a professor (muderris) from Burdur who lived between the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries. Mizân-nâme-i Şu‘arâ, consisting of an introduction, three chapters and and an epilogue, is mostly made up of data on arud. However, it also contains some data on literature such as on ode, eulogy, rubâî. The paper first gives some introductory information about Hüseyin Hüsnî Burdurî and his work Mizân-nâme-i Şu‘arâ, and then it gives place to the text of the work Mizân-nâme-i Şu‘arâ. In the transcription of the text, only some long vowels such as “â, î, û” are shown.

The Tragedies of Oflazoğlu in the Context of Re- Interpret of History in the Literary Art

Hüseyin DOĞRAMACIOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The tragedy of Oflazoğlu generally has received it’s subjects from history. We see that it has been stuck to history in these theaters which wrote using historical events. Oflazoğlu has led to re-interpret of the history using literary art, synthetizing aesthetic pleasure and historical information. We see that national values has been given in the fictive structure of literary art in the writer’s historical theaters. This event has given a different importance to tragedy of Oflazoğlu. It’s possible to benefit from theatre of Oflazoğlu for teaching our national values to new generations using literary art but not changing the historical events.

Examination of Texts at MEB 6, 7 and 8. Grade Turkish Course Textbooks According to Value Transmission

Esra Ekinci ÇELİKPAZUElif AKTAŞ — 2026-07-16

In our contemporary society which humanistic emotions are corrupting due to increase in technological advances, there is a need for effective value education to train persons who are honest ambitious, hardworking and capable of empathy, who have respect for each other without losing feelings of love and tolerance, who give very importance to science and rationalism. Schools are social institutions which enable the continuity of society by transmission of national and universal values. The course textbooks, which are an indispensable part of education process, have an important role in the transmission of values. Students gain national and universal values through the literary works in course textbooks which are established by benefiting from the richness of mother tongue and its vocabulary. The purpose of this study is to determine which national and universal values are delivered through the reading texts of Primary Education 6, 7 and 8. grade Turkish textbooks, and to determine how these values are distributed at 6, 7 and 8. grade Turkish textbooks. This study used document analysis method which is a qualitative research method. The sample of the survey is established of 6, 7 and 8. grade Turkish textbooks which are published by National Education Ministry (MEB). By examining reading texts in the textbooks according to “Values Assessment Form (VAF)”, it is tried to determine which national and universal values are delivered through texts. In this study, it is found that, texts at MEB 6, 7 and 8. grade Turkish textbooks did not deliver values at the desired level and value transmission is more intense at 6. grade and has been reduced at 7 and 8. grades.

The Effects of Ancient History Books on Atatürk’s Nation Building Perception

Halil ERDEMİRHatice P. ERDEMİR — 2026-07-16

At present, various information and knowledge can be obtained easily and intensely. Social sciences are necessary for humanity as much as natural and technological sciences. Rapid developments and changes occur day by day on information and knowledge. Social sciences still continues to shed lights on past and present time. Past experiences directed/directs i

Foreign Language Teaching in the Context of Constructivist Approach

Mehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZŞenel ELALDI — 2026-07-16

Nowadays, although knowing a foreign language, especially English has been compelled as a concealed discipline rather than necessity, problems of language teaching hasn’t been overcome in our country yet. These problems continue without having alternatives and in a vicious cycle. With this study, in accordance with the purposes of reaching the goal of language teaching in a short time and making language learning enjoyable and practical, an assessment was made on the importance of the constructivist approach. We pointed out that problems stemming from teachers have taken place at the forefront of teaching a foreign language which has actually contained within the constructivist approach itself in terms of both materials and the format used in the preparation of textbooks. The need for teachers who are well-trained, using a foreign language perfectly was emphasized in the study in order to activate and reveal students' creative experiences and interests and also to help students’ effective participation in the course. It was also stated that bringing the real world to the student-centered classroom environment which is not crowded and performing applications in order to make students use the language very well would be possible with the contributions of these teachers.

The Selective Code of Turkish Cypriot Dialects:‘nice’

Gürkan GÜMÜŞATAM — 2026-07-16

In this article, the meaning and use of specific areas of Cyprus have won the mouth 'nice' word is researched. First, the use of words and sentences were evaluated by means of kiplik. What makes it different from this, then Turkey Turkish gramatikal category, revealed that type of change. Thus, Turkish cypriot dialect, the sound does not vary in terms of assets, sometimes word meaning task sometimes others may have been the real highlight. Only phonetic format of the work on dialects or inadequate to establish for review that was put in the word example.

Notes on “Simiş” at Kutadgu Bilig

Galip GÜNER — 2026-07-16

Kutadgu Bilig which was written at 1069-1070 is one of the most important book of Turkic language, literature, politics and culture. When we look at the book its possible to find so much datas about the Turkish social life. In this context Kutadgu Bilig contains too much word that they were owned to Karakhanid Turkic lexicology. In this paper we do an etymological essay of the word simiş found only at Kutadgu Bilig. There isn’t so much work on this word’s reading, meaning and structure. First we touch upon the reading and interpreting of the simiş at Kutadgu Bilig studies. Then we start out to explain our opinions from the historical and modern texts of Turkic dialects.

Cemal Süreya's Poem The Theem of Death

Nilüfer İLHAN — 2026-07-16

Terminating human life to death, throughout history has been written off and sense of a case attempted. Think about death and faith and culture of one’s sense of dependence on the show, led to the emergence of different ideas. One of the dominant themes of the poems is death, society, political, social and culturel cahanges covered in paralel with a different sensivity of each period covered. A unıversal theme, Cemal Süreya of Second New Poet has incorporated into his poem to death, cahanging of metaphysics in terms of life changing, away from a perception point of view demonstrated a poet. İn this study, the theme of death Cemal Süreya’s biographical poetry of life, posed a critical view on current and historical, psychological distress caused by aging and by drawing attention to the last poems of the first poems were found to vary how much the perception of death is explained with examples.

Pontus Gangs Activities and Government Applications in and Around Samsun

Pelin İSKENDER KILIÇ — 2026-07-16

Ottoman Empire has considerably struggled with the matter of minorities in the political area since the second half of the 19th century. Moreover, this matter has continued until Treaty of Lausanne. An artificial problem of Pontus was created in Ottoman Empire by influences of especially French Revolution and the great powers that had aspirations on Ottoman Empire. However, there is no relationship between the Pontus State in the history and the Pontus State which is put forth and desired to be carried out. In the 19th century, Ottoman Empire, which was multilateral, multi-religious and multicultural, had entered the duration of disintegration because of the effect of both internal and external forces due to the property of the age. While the minorities in the Ottoman Empire were gradually splitting from it by the supports of the big nations, the Greeks lived together with the Turks in the Anatolia for centuries started to imagine establishing a Pontus State ranging from the west of İnebolu to Batum. They chose Samsun as the capital city of the state. Therefore, they started to gang activities in and around Samsun. The religious men have active roles in provoking these gangs. Against all of these, by taking various precautions, Ottoman Empire tried to stop these destructive and cruel activities against the Muslim community.

Teaching of Semantic Matters

Adem İŞCAN — 2026-07-16

Semantic is the study of meaning. It typically focuses on the relation between signifiers, such as words, phrases, signs and symbols, and what they stand for. Some areas of semantic and related subjects include these: Symbol and referent, words and lexemes, denotation, connotation, implication, ambiguity, metaphor, simile and symbol, semantic fields, synonym, antonym and hyponym, collocation, expression and idiom, semantic change and etymology, polysemy, homonymy and homographs, lexicology and lexicography, epistemology, colour. In this study, teaching of semantic matters of second level primary education has been deal with from different angles. Firstly it was given information about teaching of semantic matters with activity examples and later depending on these, makes a number of recommendations.

Population Features Of Ovacik (Karabuk) District

Güzin KANTÜRK YİĞİT — 2026-07-16

The population and structure of settlements are continuously changing. One of the districts that population tends to decrease over the years is Ovacık. The aim of this study is to reveal the structure of population of the district since 1959 the year it turned to be a district and to attract attention to the decrease in the population of the district. In the study, the Statistical Institute of Turkey (TUIK) statistics have been used. Result of the study has been revealed that Ovacık population is rapidly decreasing. As the result of the study it was determined that some socio-economical conditions are influential in the rapid decrease of the population, intersection of the county, inadequate investments and employment studies.

Great Rebellion of 1916 in Kyrgyz: Urkün

Füsun KARA — 2026-07-16

The revolution in 1916 was one of the biggest tragedies in the kyrgyz history. The events are known in Kyrgyzstan as Urkun. The politics of the Russian Empire was to have Kyrgyzstan as its colony. For instance, the best places were given to russians, local people were forced to move to rural area. The main reason was a call for men into Russia’s Central Asian colonies to serve in the Tsarist army fighting in World war I. The first uprising was in Khojent on july 4 th 1916 and the movement spread to other parts of Turkestan. Kyrgyz Turks were killed by the Russian forces and settlers. Kyrgyz population from the North of the country were killed. And another 120.000 fled across the border to China.

The Plot Technique and Theme of Gölgesizler

Alaattin KARACA — 2026-07-16

Gölgesizler, which is written by Hasan Ali Toptaş attracts attention at first glance with its extraordinary plot technique. The novel is double stranded. The events take place in parallel to each other.In the first strand the events takes place in city; in the second one the events take place in a village. These two strand and the places are tied to each other with the people who get lost in village appearing in the city or get lost in the city appearing in the village. The narrator sometimes looks into the city sometimes into the village. The novel is plotted between these two places so the two strands mingle with each other turning into the shape of spiral. In this essay this novel will be analysed in terms of its plot technique. Other element which attracts attention is the theme of the novel. Toptaş handles people who exist on the one hand and do not exist on the other hand. Existence and nonexistence are the vicious circle of the life. The novel in this essay will also be analysed in terms of this philosophical issue and the theme.

Intervocalic Euphonic Consonants in Turkish with a Synchronic View

Fevzi KARADEMİR — 2026-07-16

Researchers propose different opinions about character, number and naming of intervocalic euphonic consonants in modern Turkish. This

Sudî’s Sufic Interpretations in His Annotations of The Hafiz Divan

İbrahim KAYA — 2026-07-16

Sudi who lived in the 16th century is an author who writes the interpretations. The interpretations he wrote gained great appreciations, and especially his interpretations on Hafız Divan almost surpassed the annotations of Sururi and Şem’i which were written to the same work. This situation is of course not only related to his deep knowledge and accumulation but also result of this consistency interdisciplinary. He first started with setting up a solid text. Then, he began to annotate interpretation the text. When annotating the text he assumed that Hafız was a human being. He didn’t exalted Hafız giving extraordinary features to him. It is true that from time to time he said that Hafiz was one of the ehlullah. But these are balanced expressions. In this article, firstly Sudi’s sufic ideas when annotating Sudi’s poems are handled. Secondly, the criticism made by the poets who thought that he gave extreme sufic meanings to Hafız Divan will be dealt with. Finally, the rightfulness of these ideas will be questioned.

Geography Teachers’ Views and Practices For Development of Visual Literacy Skills on Students

Mehmet Fatih KAYA — 2026-07-16

In this study, focused on problems on this topic and how geography teachers develops the visual literacy skills on students at the highschools. This research is action research of the qualitative research methods. The study group of research, consists of twenty-geography teacher who serve in Gaziantep. The datas collected through the interview evaluated by descriptive analysis method. All of teachers according to datas where gets end of the research; are agrees that visual are given in many tectbooks and requirement of visual literacy. Most of teachers consider inadequate textbooks on prometing visual leteracy skills. Being different form the experince and knowledge of teachers that prometing visual skills leads to a different application to submit on geography lessons. In this research, tried to obtain problems on development of visual literacy skills.

İmmediate Constituent Analysis

Muzaffer MALKOÇ — 2026-07-16

ABSTRACT: IC analysis is a method of sentence analysis first explicitly introduced by American linguist Leonard Bloomfield in his book, Language, in 1933, though the underlying principle is common both to the traditional practice of parsing and to many modern systems of grammatical analysis. In IC analysis, a sentence is

An Essay of Ontological Analysis of Abdulhak Hamid Tarhan’s Poem “A Night of Despondency” (Bir Leyle-i Ye’s) by Taking the Unreal Space to the Center

Kenan MERMER — 2026-07-16

In the nineteenth century, in which an understanding of a new and sociological religion appears on the lines of the Enlightenment or Positivism, the commentaries of religious texts/revelations can be considered in area that is more changeable. Besides, an agnostic perception and a world of belief, in which skepticism stalks, have been formed. In literature area, a new world of understanding, which is formed by tearful eyes musing into sky with the accompany of Romantism, incurable consumptives, and minds reaching the idea of God with the influence of stars, has been realize. In this sense, I find Abdulhak Hamid’s poem “A Night of Despondency” suitable for the ontological analysis in order to partially understand that the metaphysical conflicts, the emotional controversies,

The Scientific-Critical Text of Ahdi Baghdadi’s Tadhkira Named Gulshani-Shuara

Vüsale MUSALI — 2026-07-16

ABSTRACT Ahdi Baghdadi’s “Gulshani-shuara” is the first tadhkira of poets in Azeri Turkish. The primary variant of “Gulshani-shuara” consisted of a “mukaddima” (introduction), three “rawdha” (garden), a khatima (conclusion) and was completed in A.H. 971 / A.D. 1563-1564. But in A.H. 1001 / A.D. 1592-1593 Ahdi added the fourth “rawdha” to his tadhkira. “Gulshani-shuara” was investigated by M.H.Bayiri, I.Hikmat, A.Musabeyli, O.F.Akun, J.S.Robinson, V.Feyzullayeva and others. Turkish scholar Suleyman Solmaz prepared a detailed scientific research on Ahdi Baghdadi and compiled the excellent scientific-critical text of “Gulshani-shuara”. His work was published by Ataturk Kultural Centre in 2005. In this book S.Solmaz at first gives valuable information about Ahdi’s life, personality and activity, analyzes the specific characteristics of “Gulshani-shuara”. Then he presented the scientific-critical text of Ahdi’s tadhkira. This text based on 17 manuscripts and included 381 poets. 147 persons of these poets mentioned only in “Gulshani-shuara”.

Town in The Stories by Yusuf Atılgan

Orhan OĞUZ — 2026-07-16

Bodur Minareden Öte (Beyond the Shortie Minaret) by Yusuf Atılgan is

The Word düzen in Terms of Morphology

Hakan ÖZDEMİR — 2026-07-16

In this study the word düzen “system” which is used in Turkey Turkish is discused in terms of morphology. Firstly the situation of word in the grammars is discussed. After denoting of the differents in these sources, it is quested that if there is a relationship between the word and a form in Old Uyghurish Turkish period. After all of these process the formation of the word is tried to be explained by using the forms which are used in old texts and Anatolian dialects and in light of the foregoing of semantics.

The Life of Hocazade Es’ad Efendi, A Sheikhulislam, Author and Interpreter, and His Works

Mehmet ÖZDEMİR — 2026-07-16

Consisting of 182 prose stories and several Persian- Arabic poems which are scattered into these stories, Gülistân, is of Sa’di who is considered one of the important representatives of İrani literature with Firdevsi and Hafız has a huge prominence. This work which has been found attractive since it was written, has been translated into many western languages. In Turkish literatüre - particulary in Ottoman- it was appreciated by poets and authors with its many translations and explanations. One of the authors who translated Gülistân, is Şeyhülislam Hoca Sadettin Efendi’s younger son Hocazade Es’ad Mehmed Efendi, one of his two sons who are şeyhülislam as their father. Es’ad Efendi represent an important position in an era (1615- 1622 and 1623- 1625) which witnessed important events. What makes him and his work important is his effective position in government, his literacy and his being one of the first interpreters who translates a work in east classics into Turkish in ottoman field. In this study Es’ad Efendi’s biography, his personality and the work is going to be presented.

Definition af Seçilmiş Hikâyeler Dergisi, Its Contribution to Turkish Literature and Its Systematic Index

Nuran ÖZLÜK, — 2026-07-16

With this study, the story author Salim Şengil between 1945-July 1957 in the first series 47, in the second/new series 66 published in total of 113 issues, although initially published in the type of story he could not stay indifferent to the changing conception of art as in the period well as other species in the pages of the story has. Especially, storywriters who adopt the idea of socialist realist art of 1950 generation to express themselves and we aim to contribute to research in literary history with preparing systematic index of Seçilmiş Hikâyeler that allowing the development of the İkinci Yeni poetry.

Water and Water Transportation in Ancient Turks

Hatice PALAZ ERDEMİR — 2026-07-16

The Turks came to the first stages of the history by their military achievements and this general observation on the Turkish history overshadowed different characteristics of the Turks from ancient period onwards. Though, the Turks predominantly lived in the steppes of Inner Asia they were known to have “earth-water” belief and used the river transportation. By the familiarity and capability of the Turks with water reservoirs and rivers the Turks did not stay within Inner Asia and they became one of the exceptional example in the history. It is also suggested that in the archaic period, during the ancestors of the Turks Inner Asia was covered with sea but since there is no enough evidence for this issue this study will consantrate on different Turkish groups who have relations with various water reservoirs as Skyths, Avars, Göktürks, Uygurs. This study reveals the existance of physical infrastructure together with religious, political and philosophical ideal in the nautical progress while establishing fleet and maritime trade ship even after the arrival of the Turks to Anatolia. It is also observed that the Turks layed the foundation of “maritime policy” with their earlier naval knowledge by improving it with Byzantine’s and Arab’s experiences in the sea. Furthermore, it is not an exageration to state that the Turks are one of the unique people in the world to built special vehicles to use on rivers, lakes and close sea according to the needs of time and place (merchandise, strategical, military needs).

Narration by Samping in Divan Poetry

Mehmet SARI — 2026-07-16

The

An Assessment On The Topics Related To Phonology And Phonetics Contained In The High School Course Books

Mehmet SOLMAZ — 2026-07-16

Course books are the most widely used sources by both students and teachers in attaining knowledge. Researches show that in language teaching classes also the most widely used materials are the course books. The purpose of this study was to appraise the grammar course books in the secondary schools, where at least four million students go on, on the account of phonetics and aspects related to phonetics. Three different grammar books prepared for different programs were analyzed and many lackings and shortcomings were realized related to phonetics and issues related to phonetics. The findings of the study showed that scientific principles and methods are not applied enough in the preparation of the grammar course books.

Mir’âtü’l-Ahlâk By Bostanzâde Yahyâ Efendi

Nurgül SUCU — 2026-07-16

Mir’âtü’l-Ahlâk by Bostanzâde Yahyâ Efendi, a seventeenth century author, is a prose type and didactic book of morals consisting of twenty-four chapters, each dealing with an aspect of morals from a religious, mystical and philosophical perspective. The topics that the book handles include virtues such as prayers, patience, thankfulness, bravery, intelligence, seriousness, consent, loyalty, secretiveness, generosity, forgiveness, chastity, modesty, coyness, confidence, compassion, protectiveness, consultation, softness of manner, industriousness, foresight, seizing opportunity, caution, establishing good rapport with the good, and abiding by the law and obligations originating from official duties such as emirate, vizierdom, governorship and kingdom. The book contains Arabic, Persian and Turkish poetry of moral and judgmental nature between sentences, is embellished with exemplary parables from prophets’ lives and Islamic history and makes quotations from prominent philosophers and scholars such as Plato, Avicenna and Hüseyin Vâiz-i Kâshifî. The book contains 854 poems and 113 parables. In this study, describes major aspects of Mir’âtü’l-Ahlâk by Bostanzâde Yahyâ Efendi, focuses on its contents of chapters.

An Analysis of Turkish Language Teacher Candidates’ Attitudes Towards Computer Assisted Education

Abdullah ŞAHİNAhmet AKÇAY — 2026-07-16

The aim of the study is to analyze attitudes of Turkish language teacher candidates towards Computer Assisted Education in terms of several variables. “The Attitude Scale Towards Computer Assisted Education”, developed by Arslan (2006), has been used as a data collection instrument. The subjects of the research are 215 Turkish language teacher candidates studying at Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University. The samples of the research are 135 randomly selected students. The statistical methods of frequency, percentage, standard deviation, t-test, one way variance analysis (ANOVA), and the scheffe test have been used in the data analysis section. As a result of the research, it has been determined whether the attitudes that Turkish language teacher candidates have towards Computer Assisted Education can change according to the students’ gender and whether or not they possess a computer. Additionally, it has been determined that the higher the class level in which the students study, the more positive their attitudes will be towards Computer Assisted Education.

Searching science to object of past as archeology: the situatıon in history teaching in turkey

Ahmet ŞİMŞEK — 2026-07-16

Past concept interest to we as meaning both i

A Research Regarding Future Expectations of University Youth

Murat TUNCER — 2026-07-16

In this research, future expectations of the students in the vocational school of higher education, which grows intermediate staff for business world and thus is the place exposing to the global effects mostly, are the most mass exposing to global effects were evaluated. To this end, a scale for future expectations was created by literature review. As a result of factor analysis of future expectations scale, single factorial structure was preferred, and cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be ,84. The scale prepared was applied to 430 students in different departments of Tunceli Vocational School of Higher Education. For analysis of data obtained as a result of performance of the scale, independent groups t test, Anova test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis H and Tukey HSD test were used. According to the results of the analysis, a reasonable difference between the genders in favour of female students was found with respect to future expectations of students of Vocational School of Higher Education [t(428)=-2.206, p<.05)]. It was also found that there was a reasonable difference between the student having 3-4 brothers and/or sisters and the students having 5 and more brothers and/or sisters F(2,427)=4.195, p<.05. For removing uncertainty about future expectations believed to occur in relation to globalisation and technology, it is thought that strengthening relation with the sector will be beneficial. In addition, it is proposed that the students must be made ready for the future by optional courses and by educating them in fields of profession outside the vocational programme via flexible education models.

In Management Tradition of Turk State Change From Custom To Manners

Serdar UĞURLUKaan YILMAZ — 2026-07-16

Custom (töre) is constitution that based on the tradition of old Turkish state. Custom is the sum of laws that Turkish rulers make the dominant to their nations and states. The effect of the custom has continued in period after the Islam. Customary (örf) is the best example of this effect. Today, customary, although regarded as a social norm, in fact, Turkish custom tradition along with the Islam has won its last form. Roles of Turkish sultans and clerics is greater in acquired and consisted of this last shape. In fact, they have invented a new tradition that this tradition name is örf (customary). In the Turkish law tradition has been experienced an evolutionary change from custom to customary. We do not look at to experienced this change as entry into a religious structure of custom tradition. Because the in some convention applications of Turkish sultans (especially during the Ottoman period) have been seen features that do not fit into the religious rules. In this context, the Turkish custom tradition has evolved into a new tradition that it continued own tradition in Islamic period. That his name is customary. Turkish sultans who not afraid to displaying this attitude for centuries is owner of this new tradition that invented it.

A Criticism of The Memorandum Submitted to Paris Conference by the Trabzon Metropolitan Hrisantos

Veysel USTA — 2026-07-16

Signing the temporary Armistice of Montreux, the Ottoman Empire quit the WWI. In the Paris Peace Conference, January 18 1919, the Allies initiated negotiations for a permanent peace treaty to be signed by the defeated countries including the Ottoman Empire. To take advantage of this, the Ottoman non-moslem minorities sent their representatives to the conference in order to seek political support for their ambitions to declare their independence within the Empire’s territory. One of these representatives was the Trabzon Metropolitan Hrisantos. In his memorandum, he argued political and demographic grounds of the idea of establishing a separate state of the Kingdom of Pontos in the eastern part of the Black Sea. This memorandum was intended to be as one of the basic referential documents for their future plans and activities. Comparing and contrasting it with other more reliable, objective and unbiased documents of that period, this paper deals with the unconformities, distorted and altered information and ideas this memorandum

In The First Turkish Quran Translation the Camal Place Names

Suat ÜNLÜ — 2026-07-16

In this article, we will explain the carnal place names in The Quran known as the first Quran translations in the history of Turkic. In the article, after the informations about the science of place names, translations of the place names in the Quran in the First Quran Translations are given with period of its original text. Because of the wide subject, the concept which has a language value in the First Turkish Quran translations has taken. The others are given with their own Arabic forms.

Two Important Development Throught the Tuskish history in 20 th Century: Immerge of Aviation and a Leader.

Osman YALÇIN — 2026-07-16

ABSTRACT Two important development throught the Tuskish history in 20 th century:Immerge of aviation and a leader. Planes are one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century. This is the last period of the Ottman Empire. This is also the first period of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk’s period. Mustafa Kemal ATATURK’s first contact with aviation was in 1910 at Picardie Manuvers in France. Mustafa Kemal ATATURK understood the importance of planes there. Because that he spent most of his life as an officer at the battlefields. He saw a lot of aircaft and understood the power of them. Turkish government used the airplane firstly in Balkan Wars. Deutch air pilot major Serno was doing the commandly of the Turkish air force when both country had a partnership in 1. World War. Ottoman Empire bought about 450-500 airplanes between 1912-1918 years. After the Mondros Agreement Turkish aviation organization becomes smaller and reconstructed and it was established by the grad national assembly at the independence war years. During the independence war Greek air planes was always kept under pressure bu Turkish and never let them to visit inside country. Although the big problem of needing more fuel and equipment, Air force joined all the battles and won most of them with the airplanes which the Ottomans left. Other the government buy planes from Italy, France and Germany, Turkish aviation was very useful at the independence war. Atatürk became aware of the aviation with his for seeing and the experiences that for he considered important of aviation for making the country strong and developed during his life. But he also foresaw his countries insufficiency at substructure and between 1923-1938 air war industry consider important. Therefore flying of younger generation has been seen the security of the Turkey sky. After the foundation of Republic of Turkey, Aviation became a field of special interest. While a great deal of importance is given to strengtening Turkish Air Force, setting up an aviation industry was also a priority. One of the mottos of Mustafa Kemal ATATURK “Future is in the skies” was also a sign of his foreseing as a strategist which effects continues even today.

Women's Problematic at Novels by Afet (Muhteremoğlu) Ilgaz

Zehra YAZBAHAR — 2026-07-16

From Tanzimat to Rebuclic, women were examined in various aspects by very important part of Turkish novelists.Women's place in society by men and women in second place among the questions the writers of Afet (Muhteremoğlu) Ilgaz also mention the name.In this study, classified in terms of subject Afet Ilgaz’s novels after a brief introduction and overview of feminist discourse with the struggle for independence, the author traces of her novels had been discussed.

The Relationship Between Language-Mind in Organ Names Transfer to Objects

Kaan YILMAZ — 2026-07-16

The words, which are the concrete representatives of the concepts, appear listed one under the other with their meanings in our dictionaries. The basic meanings are given priority in this LIST; secondly the connotations of the vocabulary appear. Some conditions are needed for a word to have connotations and widen its conceptual meaning. For example, one may want to choose the way of associating with a word existing in his/her vocabulary knowledge to put a name for an object or the part of an object which he/she comes across for the first time or discovers. The word of “eye (göz)” which means “organ of vision” may correspond to “the hollow part of an object” in the “glovebox (torpido gözü)” noun phrase. This study tries to show how organ names, which are considered to have undergone the least change in the language as a language component, are used in giving names to some paraphernalia, devices, mechanical parts and belongings which are come across for the first time or newly discovered. The study also tries to present what sort of qualities are effective in naming the objects.

Poetry Ofter Tanzimat and Ismail Safa

Sefa YÜCE — 2026-07-16

İsmail Safâ was a poet of a transitional period. He was ipraised by Muallim Naci and he attracted the attention of his peers. In the discussion of antiqutiy-innovation, he took Ekrem’s stand and adopts new approach in poetry. He participated to Servet-i Fünûn (Wealth of Sciences) Community. He took Ekrem’s “Talim-i Edebiyat” (Instruction of Literature) production as a model. He wrote theoretical productions regarding main problems of literature. İsmail Safâ was a poet who knew poetry well and attracted attention with having command of the language. Also one of his characteristics seperating him from other poets is to put forward the concept of “national language”. Believing that art can not exist without science poet became a model to young poets in this case by defending the vitality of science of literature. In this study, Literature’s theorectical problems are tried to be assessed by addressing from the point of İsmail Safâ’s productions.

Tuğba BEYTULLAHOĞLU

Eyüp BACANLITuğba BEYTULLAHOĞLU — 2026-07-16

AYNUR, Hatice; NİYAZİOĞLU, Aslı. der. (2011). Âşık Çelebi ve Şairler Tezkiresi Üzerine Yazılar. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, 191 s.

Fatma Sabiha KUTLAR OĞUZ — 2026-07-16

Filiz Kılıç, On The Back Of Classic Turkish Literature, Grafiker Publication, Ankara 2011, 381 pages.

Kadri H. YILMAZ — 2026-07-16