https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=253 Turkish Studies - International en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14514 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14514 Ayşegül AKDEMİR In the sufism thought system “love” means the creative activity of Allah; but knowledge means the aim and result of the activity mentioned. To cause both love and knowledge appear, two elements known as “lover-love” and “knowing-known” are needed because they consist of joint point of the concepts mentioned. In the Classical Turkish Literature whose main concept is love several elements are taken into consideration to meet “the lover/knowing” and “the love/known” and to reflect the form of the relation between them. “Şem” and “pervane” which is the main subject of our study is one of the sembolic elements used in expressing the relationship of “the lover/knowing-the love/known” in the Classical Turkish Literature. Among these elements “pervane” represents the lover and “şem” undertakes the function of maşuk. The fact that these elements take place in the world of poetry is because the form of the relationship between these two element are commented as the love relation. In the sufism, love is taken into consideration as a notion which is related to not only human but also the creator. Therefore, love in the “şem” and “pervane” symbolism faces us valid for both two elements and the two love mentioned forms the two steps following each other in the coil of the existence. The first ring of this coil is the burning of “şem” and the second is the burning of “pervane”. In this study, “şem” and “pervane” which are the symbolic expressions in the Classical Turkish Literature are taken into consideration through the concepts of “beauty”, “love” and “knowledge” and they are commented in the light of sufism thought system. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14540 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14540 Arzu ATİK The Mathnavi genre has an important place in classical Turkish literature. While any narrative is being recounted in mathnavis, some of the themes, patterns or fragments travel from one text to another with certain minor changes. Communication theme is one of the examples of such themes. This paper examines travelling aspects of communication theme, focusing on Leylâ and Mecnûn by Persian poets Nizamî and Hâtifî as well as by a Turkish poet Celilî. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14621 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14621 Yaşar AYDEMİR Love and loyalty are such terms that cannot be separable from each other. We cannot talk about love if there is no loyalty. In our classical literature (Ottoman Poetry), it was seen that the terms honesty, loyal, loyalty were used with love and lover. In this article, how love and loyalty were used together and the role of loyalty in love will be presented with samples as a whole composition form. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14604 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14604 Tuncay BÜLBÜL This paper deals with the cultural background of the concept of love in Hümâyûn-nâme (an Ottoman translation of Kalilag and Damnag) and contextualization dimensions of perception of love in fables. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with how the concept of love was perceived in the cultural setting in which the fables in Hümâyûn-nâme were produced. In this context, how the concept of love was perceived in the Oriental culture was described in general lines. Moreover, a general overview of the work was presented so that the readers could gain a better understanding of Hümâyûn-nâme. This paper aims at classifying the contextualization of the perception of love in the fables of Hümâyûn-nâme which forms the main backbone of this paper and it aims at exploring at what stages the perception of love occurred. Furthermore, it also deals with in what kind of perception of meaning the concepts of love were assessed in the work of art. Since the perception of love in Hümâyûn-nâme centers around humanitarian love, the abstracts of six fables which deal directly with humanitarian love were added in the appendix so that the readers would have a better understanding of the topic. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14579 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14579 Pervin ÇAPAN In classical Turkish poetry, love which is one of the basic issues studied for ages is the reflection of God’s existence along with his manifestation and gives the motives behind the creation of human beings. Love, which exists in the elements of the universe, also refers to a notion that forms world and after life. This love story which appears in Quran and in holy books in a terse way and the love between Adam the first created man in sufi philosophy and Eve has always inspired artists. That their children Abel and Cain loved the same woman and the first murder was committed because of this finds its way around this theme. In literary texts this first love and murder has been studied in different dimensions and they create the main theme of the novel “Lâ The Infinity Syllable” by Nazan Bekiroğlu who has written many successful novels in Republican Period and has also academic studies. In this article, the universal love will be studied in terms of its rise, course and processing in the light of thematic feature of the novel 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14510 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14510 Halil ÇELTİK Lover will burn to reach his darling, but what if you do not find the possibility of a reunion with beloved. Lover doomed in the face of darling. Darling provides the opportunities to lover, but lover cannot evaluate these opportunities. Never finishes dilemma of lover that reunion and leave. Moreover, to prevent access to the beloved is not the only competitors, is itself an obstacle to reunion. Lover loses himself with the reunion excitement. Also could not resist the longing to become the darling of the tragic state of lover is. In this study, we will illustrate the tragic dilemma of lover. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14535 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14535 Tülay GENÇTÜRK DEMİRCİOĞLU Concerning the relationships between the lover and the beloved in classical Turkish literature, one of the indications of being in love is the lover’s communication with the beloved by letter. This paper examines how Ali Şir Nevayi, a well-known Chagatai poet who had a remarkable influence on classical Turkish literature, exercised the letter metaphor by focusing on his four 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14557 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14557 Aysun EYDURAN ABSTRACT Although the beauty in Classical Turkish Literature is Islamic mysticism origin, the beloved is seen when the human love is point at issue. One of the striking features of the beloved is that she is so beautiful to dazzle. There are some elements like eyebrow, eye, eyelash, hair, forehead and cheek that add beauty to beauty. Mole, which is “hâl” in Persian and “şâme” in Arabic, is among the real beauty elements of the beloved. Classical Turkish poets used many metaphors and figurative elements related to the mole on various parts of the beloved’s body with a huge imagination. In the study, metaphors and figurative elements about the shape, color, place and smell of the mole in literary texts were determined and images related to the mole were presented. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14602 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14602 Hüseyin GÖNEL The Beloved is the most important character in understanding the idea of love in Divan poetry. The reason that the Beloved appears in different identities is related to the metaphorical expression style in Divan literature, besides many other factors. The most important of these factors can be stated as the perception of art in Islam, Sufism, and social structure, cultural and national contributions to the image of the Beloved. Regarding the relationship between the reality and the metaphorical components in Divan literature, especially because of the influence of Sufism, the Beloved has a changeable characteristic. While the Beloved can sometimes be an unreachable and abstract figure, she can be a part of real life some other times. Who is the Beloved, who has been loved and praised, and associated with many similar aspects by several poets for centuries? What are the reasons that created a huge variety of perception of the Beloved? It is evident that the lover and the image of the Beloved, created by the components of love in Divan literature, are idealized. In this article, at the very center of the darling, lover and rival triangle, the “Beloved” will be analyzed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14505 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14505 Kadir GÜLER ABSTRACT Kelâm (saying), speaking or making remarks, is a word of Arabic ofigin which means perceiving a meaning. In our language, kelâm is used for expressing equal meanings of word, verse, sentence, remark, lyric, phrase, vocable, epigram and similar. Kelâm-ı fasîh means saying beautiful and fluent words. Kelâm-ı fasîh, which is used in different forms in all of the branches of the sources of our written and verbal literature, had its place in Yûnus Emre’s poetry language and earned many meanings and expression characteristics. According to Yûnus Emre, kelâm and word is for clever people. Wit is in word and word is in wise. Speech is precious. Speaking to carefree people is like rock echo, you speak and you hear. In this study, the importance of Kelâm and its different uses in our literature is explored. Also, considering the saying “kelâm-ı kibâr is the word of elagant”, the status and features of kelâm from Yûnus Emre in our social life are evaluated. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14586 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14586 Mehmet GÜRBÜZ Beloved stands at the centre of 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14516 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14516 Damira İBRAGİM Şakarim Kudayberdiulı is a student of Abay who was an important name of 19th century Classical Kazakh Literature. The poet has been executed by shooting in consequence of Stalin’s purification of intellectuals. He has given various works, both in verse and prose, in different fields such as literature, history, philosophy and theology. Ş. Kudayberdiulı, has taken his place in Kazakh literature with his poems. In this study, Ş. Kudayberdiulı’s love poems will be taken in hand. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14521 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14521 Meheddin İSPİR Lover is one of the most important factors in Divan poem. The position of lover before the darling is handed and studied on in a clear frame. The lover is a slave and servant. İt suffers from living alone without darling and tolarate the fortune derived from loved one. İt is miserable, indulgent and poor. But it exists with all these features and tries to make everybady know that it than the other ones with the same features. İn this study the features of the lovers and some other similar features were handed and studied on. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14581 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14581 Yunus KAPLAN Any form of death which is not possible fact to be escaped for humankind has constantly occupied people's minds. Death is the real that lover could eventually experience with his lover in Ottoman Poetry. Also death that could be sacrificed to the lover and a reason of liberation from suffering of love itself is the most precious asset for the lover. Lovers have some demands for either getting rid of pain or being sacrificed for the sake of love from people around them. In this study, requests of lovers in relation to death will be explained by examples in the poems of variety poets. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14511 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14511 Resul KAYA What is the attitude towards a literal work is a controversial issue. At the centre of the controversy there are some basic concerns like what is a literal work, the characteristics of suje towards this work and how all these are affected by the process etc. On the other hand the depths and continuity of the relations between the pleasures emerged from the art work and the concept of beauty is another topic of discussion. In this work in order to see whether the process is the factor that manages the whole activity the position of suje during the process towards a literal work is going to be touched upon then how the beauty affects this attitude is emphasized. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14523 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14523 Şevkiye KAZAN Love has become the most important matter of Divan Literature through years and it has been mentioned in many Gazels. In this study, we examined similes of love in Şeyhülislam Yahya’s Divan who is one of the most important representatives in Classical Turkish Poetry. Yahya Efendi’s thoughts on the Notion of Love have been explained with the examples from poets in the Divan. We think about that understanding of Love in Yahya Efendi’s Gazels enable us to compare other poets’ understanding of Love. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14575 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14575 Beyhan KESİK Sehrengizs are one of the important figures of Classical Turkish Literature. This type of literary genre started to appear in our literature beginning from the early XVI century and issued life of people living in the city, beauties and the professionals defined as beautiful. According to recent studies up to now 68 şehrengiz is identified. "Sehr-engiz-i Mostar" of Hadji Dervish is just one of these Sehrengizs. Şehrengiz-i Mostar was studied in 1971 by Vanco Boskov. However, we have discovered more comprehensive and clear copy of Sehrengiz Mostar than the previously examined copy. Thus, comparing the two copies we have tried to create a more robust text. With this newly created text, we have reviewed the subject and the way of handling the subject of Sehrengiz-i Mostar. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14512 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14512 Neslihan KOÇ KESKİN This article will focus on the impact of political structure of the Ottoman State on the triplet of beloved-lover-rival in the Divan poetry and the hierarchical relationships generated by this impact, based on the couplets extracted from the poets written between 14th and 18th centuries. These hierarchical relationships are basically related to the concept of “adoration” in Ottoman State structuring and “sense of love” in the Divan poetry. With regard to the topic, the article will also refer to the concept of “metaphor of palace” of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and “amour courtois” dragged by Ömer Faruk Akün in the Divan literature item. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14572 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14572 Hanife KONCU The classical Turkish poetry makes use of the various meanings of the words, and it creates a different metaphorical world. The word “Levend” accommodates different meanings in the Turkish, Farsi, Farsi-Turkish dictionaries. In the article it has been attempted to display which of these meanings have been used in poetry, the factors related to levends and the metaphorical world composed around them with examples. Those prominent soldiers of Ottoman Empire were involved in acts inappropriate to the society as well. Therefore, there were also efforts in the article to mention the reflections of those events on poetry. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14617 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14617 Cemal KURNAZ The narrators in the role of love like stories tell the texts of Ottoman poetry about love. Although this love of journey described in this story differs up to the characters of the narrators, it is a spiritual journey in terms of its main theme. The lovers who complete the journey successfully can come together and reach their goal. The Ottoman poetry presents this journey. For this reason, separation of lovers takes a great place in poems. Coming together is a point where speech ends. For this reason, it cannot be the theme of any poems. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14585 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14585 Betül SİNAN NİZAM Written by one of the 16th century poets, Kara Fazlî, Gül ü Bülbül is a sufistic and an allegorical masnawi which has different reading layers. At first sight, the poet seems to tell a metaphorical love story of Bülbül and Gül, the lover and the beloved. Yet, at the end of the text, he informs the reader about the sufistic conceptions which were represented by the lover and the beloved, and the rest of the components of the masnawi. Concurrently, the seasonal circle and the revival of the spring are narrated coherently with the nature of the allegory and in parallel with the names of the heroes. Lastly, the allegorical structure of the masnawi is interrupted occasionaly which is also noteworthy to focus on. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14592 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14592 Mehmet PEKTAŞ Divan poetry is largely formed and developed around a beloved. It is essential where the poet stands in front of the beloved placed in the centre of the poem by poets as a shared value. In this study, where the lover stands in front of the beloved, and the attitude he takes is traced by studying three poets (Kadı Burhaneddin, Nesîmî, Ahmedî) from the 14th century with 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14599 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14599 Ömer SAVRAN In Turkish Literature, it is possible to say that the main theme of most writings either written in prose or in verse is love. Hüseyin Fütûhî Çelebi’s writing named as Nâz u Niyâz that we handle in our study also has theme of love. Futûhî, beside the “Divan”, also has writings like “Enisü’l-Guzât” and “Tühfetü’l-Mecâlis”, and in the “Nâz u Niyâz” he deals with the theme of love mostly sufistic dimensions. In our study, “Nâz u Niyâz” which Futûhî wrote in an aesthetics of Classical Ottoman Literature with Arabic and Persian words and phrases, is going to be presented, and focused on the love story and lover-beloved expressed in the writing. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14588 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14588 Bahir SELÇUK Nergisî’s Meşâkku’l-‘uşşâk consists of several ten love stories. The stories in this work carry weight with style and content. This study points to and analyzes the thought of love (lover, loved, power of love) in Meşâkku’l-‘uşşâk’s stories. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14543 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14543 Gülşah TAŞKIN Love has been one of the main sources of the creativity for poets and it has been located in a central place in many literary traditions. Classical Ottoman literature has been a primary literary tradition among the others that have always perceived love -either secular or 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14605 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14605 İbrahim Halil TUĞLUK Divan poetry has been developed around some certain aspects such as lover, love and adversary. Lover is the most important one among these aspects. Lover is the one that directs the poem. There are different views about the role of the lover because of the relationship of the lover with the text and social life. The age of the lover is an important feature within the framework of the concept of lover in Divan poetry. The deternination of the age of the lover is going to be helpful about the evaluation of her role. In this study, the concepts about the age of the lover has been evaluated and has put an emphasis on the features of the usages of these concepts. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14517 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14517 Songül AYDIN YAĞCIOĞLU Fuzûlî and Bâkî are two important poets that made important contributions to classical Turkish poetry in XVI. Century. The type of love that both poets explored in their poems have been discussed widely by scholars hers and different opinions have been submitted about this issue. Love which is a popular theme in classical poetry is being shaped at the axis of lover and this gives an idea about the character of love. İt is essential to examine comparatively how love takes place in the poems of Fuzuli and Baki, order to see the contribution of two major poets that lived in the same century to the common basis of diwan poetry in context of love concept. For this purpose, the concepts about love and lover types in the diwans of the mentioned poets are determined and they have been objectified with various examples. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14519 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14519 Halil İbrahim YAKAR This work is about the real love and real beloved in the poems published in the 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14589 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14589 Sadık YAZAR, Murat KARAVELİOĞLU The Malakshâh and Gulrû had been written by Mîr Mehmed b. Hüseyin Paşa who had used Nazîf as pseudonym in the early XVIII. century. According to its author’s statement it had been translated from a Persian work written in verse. Although Nazîf had writed his work in prose he also used many verses in it. The topic of the Malakshâh and Gulrû is a love story; nevertheless it is possible to find traces of motifs of siyâsetnâmes (works on statesmanship). So in this article, firstly the aforementioned work will be analysed by emphasizing to its important features and then, there will be the Latinized text of this work. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14651 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14651 DOSYA ARKASI 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14506 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14506 Suna TİMUR AĞILDERE This study is intended to analyze the nearly one-century history of the School of Infants of Eastern Languages, which was founded by the French government in Istanbul in 1669 with the aim of training interpreters of eastern languages, and the methods employed to teach Turkish as a foreign language as well as the purposes and targets of the school. Doubtless, the school in question forms the most important cornerstone of the history of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The most significant quality of the school of eastern languages is that it teaches its students, who are citizens of France, the Turkish culture and language in Istanbul from their early ages onwards. These students have undertaken important tasks and positions in the forthcoming years as diplomats and interpreters in field of international affairs, thus bridging the Ottoman culture and European culture. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14607 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14607 Ahmet AKÇATAŞ Compound nouns are nouns that are formed by two different words that come together by coalescing and taking a fixed form, gaining another meaning from their own. In this study, the semi-compound noun term is proposed for the phrases that are not fixed. After that, the semi-compound nouns are examined in terms of their structure. Then, how phrases establish the semi-compound nouns, passing to word level than phrases level, only by nominalisation, without having a fixed form is determined. After these examinations and identifications, the suffixes and postpositions that the semi-compound nouns have are emphasized. In the conclusion, by adding semi-compound nouns to the classification such as simple, derived and compound nouns a deficiency term and issue is put forward (simple noun, derived noun; compound noun, semi-compound noun). 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14549 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14549 Hulya BAYRAK AKYILDIZ İntertextual relations are quite important in analyzing both technique and sense of the text. They display the sources of influence of the author’s universe and contribute to better understanding the text. Determining intertextual relations in the novels of Tanpınar enables evaluation of their effect on his novel technique besides showing his fields of interest and the issues by which he was influenced and wanted to exhibit. This article is based on the analysis of these relations on his four novels. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14622 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14622 Cengiz ALYILMAZ There are serious problems in Turkish teaching as native language and foreign language. These problems are based on curriculums (primary school Turkish lesson curriculum, Turkish Education undergraduate curriculum), textbooks and source books, institutions about the subject area, instructors, students… etc. In this article, difficulties and problems in Turkish teaching as native and foreign language determined from observations and studies / articles about subject area presented to care. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14623 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14623 Semra ALYILMAZ İbrahim Terzioğlu is a researcher, who is known for his four peotry books Yürek Nefesi, Mavi Yıldız Bakırdan Tenler ve Bir Bulut Olsam, as well as his articles and essays regarding Turkish cultural history, Turkish world, architecture and urbanism. This paper mainly handles the life, literal personage, works of İbrahim Terzioğlu, the researcher, the poet, and the author, and his last work “Keçiören Şehrengizi”. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14532 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14532 Faysal Okan ATASOY This study aims to analysis the linguistics of Punctuation of “The İstiklâl Marşı” (The Independence March) that is the Turkish National Anthem. In this work, it’s emphasized that all punctuation marks which were used in the anthem text by its Poet, contribute the meaning of text, or affect on style of speaking; besides, suitable or wrongly usages. In this work, it’s tried to answer some questions that’s are about the usages of punctuation marks in this text: The punctuation of this text whether to be altered or not by considering the meaning, or style of speaking, also intonation. In this work it’s used the descriptive method, and it’s tried to analysis the linguistics of The Poet’s usages of punctuations in this text. It is tried to be ascertained that the Poet’s punctuation marks and alterations which were made by Hasan EREN, are compared; and which one of this was used for meaning or intonation, and who is used what for? As a result of the analysis it can be said that the punctuation marks were used by The Poet for meaning more than intonation. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14568 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14568 Gülhan ATNUR Folklore is one of the fields that attracted considerable attention in the 19th century. Its materials are often the tales, stories, beliefs and traditions in the minds of the people. Folklorists obtain these materials using observation, interview, and questionnaire and find the opportunity to examine these materials. The fieldwork studies that first Dârülelhan (Istanbul Municipality Conservatory) then the Halk Bilgisi Derneği (the Folklore Society) carried out the most important instances of the collections. The years of 1924-1932 are the period of Turkey’s struggle against several difficulties and folklore was recognized as a scientific field. In this study, the collections that above mentioned the society’s authorities made, the methods they used and the difficulties they encountered are examined. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14595 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14595 Fatih AYDIN The purpose of this research is to define and explain how eighth grade students’ perceive “earthquake” concept using phenomenographic research methods. The research group of the study is comprised of 480 eighth grade students in four cities (Ankara, Antalya and Karabük) in Turkey. The data of the research was gathered by students’ completing “In my opinion Earthquake is .....” statement. After phenomenographic analysis “6 different global warming definition categories” were determined. 22.7 % of the primary education eighth grade students defined earthquake as “destruction of the buildings and people’s death”, 18.8% as “energy release caused by the plate movements”, 16.7 % as “a natural hazard”, 15.2 % of the students as “shaking of the earth”, 15.2 % as “quakes related to earth’s crust and faulty lines” and 8.5 % as “a disaster that its effects can be reduced when necessary precautions taken”. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14531 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14531 İ. Seçkin AYDINAhmet PEHLİVAN Metaphor can be described as a concept expressing a concept or a situation with an other concept or situation, which is dependent on the use of tongue for a symbolic purpose. In different disciplines of social sciences, there had been many researches on metaphors since 1980’s. Metaphors can be beneficial on planning, developing curriculum, encouraging learning and improving creative thinking in education. The aim of this study is to gather the metaphors, which are formed by Turkish student teachers’ perceptions towards “teacher” and “student” concepts whose occupation will be language teaching and to reveal the kinds of perception ways by classifying the gathered metaphors under various categories. The result revealed in this study is the fact that Turkish student teachers are mostly considering the teacher as a source of knowledge and the student as a receiver of knowledge. Another important result is that a part of Turkish student teachers is considering the teacher as a producer and shaper and the student as being produced and shaped. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14471 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14471 İsrafil BABACAN The source about Necati that they tell he successfully used ode, proverbs, idioms and language features in his ghazels. He has more easily understood language of his poets to create a poem with a concrete is also emphasized that according to the resources. According to the resources we have done it, he was admitted to two major ways except spoken language features and idioms concrete expression in terms in his ghazels. Also in this way, it does not make just richer in terms of narrative poem, same time more efficient, smoother and more rich in terms of elements of social life has become. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14558 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14558 Nedim BAKIRCI In this paper, careful literary examination of Hıdırellez and sacred Fridays of Nigde, celebrated depending on Hıdırellez is carried out by utilizing the information obtained from the source people. In Nigde with the arrival of Hıdırellez some sort of ceremonies, called “Cumalar”, are organized in May. Cumalar is named according to its location and place, namely, Kayardı, Tepeviran, Kırbağları, Tepe. People make preparations for the celebration the day before. Foods and drinks are prepared for the celebration. It is meaningful that salted fish has an important place as food in the celebration. Because elixir of life is found when salted fish comes to life. Coming together the people do some activities. These practical and fun activities help them both have fun and ensure the unity and togetherness among them. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14601 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14601 Ünsal BEKDEMİROgün COŞKUN Road passes are important points of passage for transportation. Such passes facilitating crossing especially the mountainous areas, gain a special importance in the areas where mountains are parallel to the coasts, like in Black Sea Region. One of the passages allowing transportation between the coast and the internal parts in the Black Sea region is the Ovit Pass whose highest point is 2640 meters. The pass located between İspir and İkizdere on Erzurum-Rize Road (D-925) is administratively within the borders of Sivrikaya village of İkizdere. In this study, the geographical features of the Ovit Pass were aimed to be investigated by methods of geography of transportation; and the current problems were aimed to be determined according to the observations and investigations in the area. The measures to be taken to keep the pass open through the year and make Erzurum-Rize Road effective were attempted to be investigated and analysed from a geographical perspective. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14526 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14526 Oktay BERBER In his work called Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn prepared with the goal of proving the superiority of Turkish to Farsi, Ali Şîr Nevâyî has conveyed the language particularities of Turkish via showing evidences. Viewed from this angle, it’s a kind of grammer book, and another important aspect, contained valuable informations about Turkish culture. Because Nevâyî uses a lot of terms blended within the social, cultural, economic and political life of Turks while listing the evidences serving his purpose to edit this work. In our study, starting with these terms employed annotatively by Ali Şîr Nevâyî, eighteen concepts included within Turkish army organization and equivalents of these concepts in the antecedent and subsequent periods shall be included. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14537 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14537 Fatma BÖLÜKBAŞ KAYA The purpose of this research is to determine the attitudes of the elementary school students towards Turkish course, and investigate the effects of the success, gender, and the education level of their families on the students’ attitudes. The research had been performed on 719 students (369 of them are girls, and 350 of them are boys) who are attending to the elementary school in Izmir. The data of the research had been collected by an Attitude Scale toward Turkish Course and a Scale of Achievement Test of Turkish Course, which were developed by the researcher. The findings obtained had showed that the attitudes of the students to Turkish course are generally positive, the average of the attitudes to Turkish course is becoming significantly different in favor of the girls and the success and the attitude averages also increase as the education level of their parents’ increases. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14424 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14424 Mücahit COŞKUN This research has been conducted to reveal the mental images of high school students about “climate” concept. The research datum were obtained by students’ completing the sentence “Climate is like ......because........”. Qualitative Research Method’s Content Analysis Technique was used to analyze and interpret the collected datum. According to the outcome of the research high school students has created 39 different and exceptible mental images related to “climate” concept. This mental images was classified under 8 different conceptual category after studied carefully with regard to common qualities. At the end of the research, It was understood that 45,45 % of the high school students has a perception that climate is a way of expressing change ,11,36 % of the those perceived that it is a way of expressing science; 10,23 % of the students perceive climate as a way of expressing life, 10,23 % of them perceived it as a way of expressing ambiguity, 9,09 % of the students have a perception that climate is a way of expressing diferentiation, 9,09 % of the students perceive it as a way of expressing requirement, 3,41 % of the students perceived it as a way of expressing natural events and 1,14 % of the students perceived it as a way of expressing continuity. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14504 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14504 Selahattin ÇİTÇİ ABSTRACT Mehmet Âkif’s view to Russians is negative because of Panslavist-emperialist policies that carried out by Russian Tsars and the long-term Ottoman Russian Wars in 19th century. The Central Asia, Caucasia and Balkan nations of problems and sorrows that suffered from Russians, have been expressed usually in the falling period of Ottoman State’s in Âkif’s poems. But expressing these, Âkif did not become an enemy of Russian peoples. He only opposed to Russian State’s policy in that time. Âkif who adopts (appropriates) “justice” as the most important principle during his life, has expressed his admiration to Russian literature and art in any case. Âkif loved and respected Russian painters Feldman, Jewish origin Russian pianist Leopold Godowsky and Mari Mençenko that looked after himself at the last days of his life. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14626 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14626 Ahmet ÇOBAN Abstract The programs, providing qualification and unification in Faculties of Education, were realized all over Turkey from 1998-1999 on. The fact that there are a lot of problems related with the programs and these problems were expressed in different contexts, and the fact that 8 year compulsory education is applied in primary education forced us to revise the present programs to be applied in 2006-2007 educational year. Aim of the study is compare and contrast the older program (the program being applied in 1998-1999) with the newer one (being applied in 2006-2007). The older and the newer Undergraduate programs of Turkish Language Teaching Departments were analyzed in different views fort his study. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14566 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14566 Özkan DAŞDEMİR The word “darling” in Divan and Folk Literature is depicted in a very rich world of meanings. The expression “dilber” which the poets frequently used for “darling” especially in Divan Literature, as we know, means “a beautiful lady”. It has been determined that this word was used by especially some poets and Sufis from Erzurum and its neighborhood for God, Prophet Muhammad, Quran, and some Islamic scholars. In this way, we see that “dilber” to be found in a poem does not necessarily mean a lady to be loved. Moreover, even God who has no sex can be seen to be depicted as “dilber” by some poets. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14590 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14590 Neşe DEMİRCİ Today, a piece of literature is open to different spheres of critical reading because it has more than one single semantic dimension, and the reader, in equal terms with the author, has a word to tell about the imaginative outline of the text. In this structure of cooperation, what the author should do is to disappear after granting the reader the possibility to see, and the reader should see the unsaid and the backstage of the text following the path depicted openly or secretly by the author. Here, this study covers from the reader’s perspective the analyses of the symbolic power of names which Elif Şafak, in her literary canon, puts great stress on, and also of the contributive function of the names to understand the overall meaning of the text. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14576 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14576 Meral DEMİRYÜREK The aim of this study is to give information about the changing fashion trends in the Turkish literature after the Tanzimat. The literature shows the life. In that case, we focused novels, stories and memories. Especially we used literary texts belonging to second half of XIX. century and first half of XX. century. Appearance of women and men changed fastly in the Ottoman empire. After 1850’s Ottoman- Turkish women who made-up, used cosmetics and wore dress of European style. Also men wore jacket, trousers and fez. They had different moustaches. In this study, we will show that the literature reflects the real life and the literature helps to the researches of the social history. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14587 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14587 Talat DİNAR Kül Tigin Monument and Kutadgu Bilig which take place among the main sources of Turkish language are fairly significant language memorials both in terms of their contents and reflecting the characteristics of language of their era. In this study, the common verbs which are used in these two significant works are tried to be identified in terms of the similarities and the differences of verb-complement relations. For this purpose; in both of these two works, the verbs which have the unity of denotation or similarity are identified and verb-complement relations of these verbs which can be used in both of these two works are evaluated with their examples in the first chart. However; in the second chart; in order to be seen collectively, the common verbs and their complements in these two works, are given without examples. In conclusion part, the input datas are evaluated. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14359 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14359 Jale ÖZATA DİRLİKYAPAN Istanbul, with its cultural and historical texture, has been the source of inspiration and has often kept its being the capital of the world of literature throughout history. Accordingly, some cafés, patisseries and pubs have been the haunts, meeting places of writers some of who has different and some of who has similar literary understanding. These places have undertaken the mission of being a discussion platform so they gather the writers in the public sphere and they have given to the young ambitious writers the chance of meeting with the elder writers. In this essay, the functions of these places for literature and writers will be emphasized and these historical and cultural places of Istanbul will be presented in the light of the writers’ memories. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14565 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14565 Talip DOĞAN It is a fact that dialects intrinsically save the elements about the historical periods of the language more. Oghuz Turks who came to Iran in the early 1000s and reigned here for ages used their language both orally and written in this geography. Iran Turkish dialects have witnessed to the historical adventure of Oghuz Turks in Iran geography and carried the traces of this adventure. The elements about Old Oghuz Turkish including the period between 13th and 15th centuries have extensively continued its existence in Iran Turkish dialects. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14493 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14493 Hüseyin DOĞRAMACIOĞLU Aka Gündüz has preferred women characters when creating his novels and has mentioned women issues using women characters. He had selected women as the topic at the National Struggle years and then. Women has been told sistematically like classifying them owing their statues in novels that was included women portraits at every class of society. Similar problems that women can be faced every time who live at different categories in society had been arranged in novels. The solition offers that writer presented for women problems are important as a someone that looking the problems at different angles. Some of the women problems that Aka Gündüz said approximately 70-80 years ego couldn’t solved till now. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14488 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14488 Gülşah DURMUŞ The aim of this study is to evaluate the poems of Cahit Külebi, both from the perspective of words that connotes colours and light- shadow relations. Although the colours and the words that connotes colours in addition to light- shadow element in the poems of the poet are defined, as these elements are too broad to be covered just by one article, this article only focuses on the important points related with the general appearance of the colours in the books and the study is limited to one of his books, called Adamın Biri, that contains fourty poems. The words that are commonly preferred by a poet in his poems includes important clues about his psychology, his own self and his perception of the world and life. The colours along with the light and shadow elements among the words that are most frequently used by the poet and the way how the poet uses them constructs a significant sub-category. The main goal of this study is to reach the poetical function of each colour in his poems. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14538 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14538 Fatih ERBAY “Ghost word” can be defined as the words that arises from the faults of those preparing a dictionary and that is actually not present. “Ghost words” are involved almost in all the languages. In respect of lexicography, there are many samples of “ghost word” in Chagatay Turkish that has an important place among Turkish languages. Words to express it numerically, but not likely to be conducted on this subject is certain to increase the number. In this study, the term “ghost word” is discussed. Then, “ghost word” samples that were revealed by the review of Chagatay Turkish are examined comparatively. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14542 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14542 Osman ERCİYAS The study, published in 1978 by the Turkish Language Assocaion considers Purification Guide purification works in Turkey during the ongoing debate as ‘origins of the purificated words’ is aimed to provide data regarding the problem. For this purpose, the origin of all words in the manual review is done and the results, based on numerical data were presented in tables. Also, different opinions and studies about purification by examining some important findings have been reached, and evaluations were made. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14509 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14509 Mehtap ERDOĞAN Refî-i Âmidî who was born in Diyarbakır, 1756, is a 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14416 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14416 Tolga ERKAN Figurative depiction is widely circulated among Turkish communities and states. There is an alikeness of the aspects of theme and morphology in the figurative art among Turkish communities and states even though they adopted different religions and existed in different regions and periods. Turkish figural art tradition was transferred to Minor Asia by the Anatolian Seljuqs. Correspondingly, this study points up the human figures and their use in the art of the Anatolian Seljuqs as a link to documenting figurative depiction elements within previous Turkish communities and states. Hence the figurative depiction that appears in the Anatolian Seljuqs art parallel to the Uygurs and the Ghaznavids wall paintings in terms of theme, setting and scene, and clothes and the faces of the figures. These characteristics of the Anatolian Seljuqs figurative depictions bear similarity to the theme and the morphologic aspects of the ancient Turks in Central Asia, the Uygurs and the Ghaznavids. Therefore Turkish figurative depiction continued to exist and develop in Anatolia under the Anatolian Seljuqs patronage with the influence of ancient Turkish civilizations, including the Uygurs and the Ghaznavids. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14630 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14630 Mustafa ERTÜRKEmin ATASOY In this study, highlands located mainly in Muğla Polye and nearby areas such as those in Ula, Yeşilyurt, Yerkesik and Yenice have been investigated in the framework of the principles of cultural geography. Muğla and its environs look like a plateau where carstic features have been formed. The settlements have mostly been developed in the polyes on the plateau where there is a shortage of water and arable land and where densely populated bushes are grown. The factors such as agricultural richness that polyes provide, the availability of the water sources, and the effects of the physical conditions on the directions of the wind made common Anatolian concept of highland settlement different in Muğla. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14544 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14544 Hürriyet GÖKDAYI Syntax focuses on the structure of sentences and phrases as well. Syntactic studies of Modern Turkish show some discrepancies and dissimilarities in the determination and classification of the phrases. For example, it is stated that the head of a phrase is located sometimes at the end, sometimes at the begining or in the middle of a phrase, and then phrases are classified according to this rule. Although it is mentioned that the head of the phrase is located at the end in the determinative groups (tamlamalar), a type of noun phrase in Turkish, they are still named and classified as nominal or adjectival determinative groups according to the type of complement or specifier. This method causes complications in the process of determining and classifying phrases in teaching and studying syntax. In order to avoid the complications, researchers should classify phrases through structural and semantic features of the sequence and make use of modern syntactic studies too. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14551 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14551 Mehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZAhmet Turan SİNAN Sezgin DEMİR The aim of this study is to determine students’ views about the implementation of project and performance tasks in second level primary school Turkish Language curriculum. A-28 item five-point Likert type Project and Performance Task scale was used to collect the data. The research group consisted of sixth, seventh and eighth grade students enrolled in 12 primary schools located in four education regions in Malatya city center. To analyze the data, independent groups t test was used in terms of gender variable and One Way Anova was used in terms of class level and socio-economic level of the schools. Turkish Language Education curriculum was found effective in using project and performance tasks as an alternative measurement and evaluation tool. By taking into consideration project and performance tasks as a process centered measurement and evaluation application, students should be provided a suitable environment where they can construct the knowledge. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14398 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14398 Elvira Alexandrovna GRUNİNA Bu makalede Artvin ili ağızlarından olan Uşhum Köyü Türkçesinin ses özellikleri Zikri Turan’ın “Artvin İli Yusufeli İlçesi Uşhum Köyü Ağzı” çalışmasına dayanılarak ele alınmaktadır. Ses özellikleri bakımından Uşhum ağzı Kartvel dillerinden olan Lazca ve Gürcücenin fonetik özelliklerini aynen yansıtmaktadır. Bu durum alt katman dili olarak Kartvel dillerinin beş vokalli ve patlayıcı K' ve G' konsonantlarını koruduğunu göstermektedir. Bu durum ya Oğuzların Kartvel fonetik sistemini benimsediğini ya da yerel Kartvellerin daha sonra benimsedikleri üst katman dili Oğuzcanın, alt katman dili olan Kartvelcenin fonetik özelliklerini yok edemediğini ifade etmektedir. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14603 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14603 Musa GÜMÜŞ Michal Czajkowski who took cover to Ottoman State after the 1848 İssue of Refugees was one of the most important personelities. He became muslim and changed his name as Mehmed Sadyk. When the issue of refugees had been resolved, he was employed in Ottoman army. Michal Czajkowski served in different units of Ottoman army and he was promoted to generalship. Michal Czajkowski took duty in Crimean War and he fought aganist Russians. He established Cossack Cavalry Regiment dependent on himself. This regiment that has a specific structure, emerged as a result of the experiences of Michal Czajkowski. The regiment consisted of Polish and Hungarian refugees that took cover to Ottoman State, Cossacks and Tatarians. Dragon Troops were formed in the structure of the regiment. Cossack Cavalry Regiment was usually used to provide public order and security in Balkan border. Afterwards, because of the new regulations in Ottoman army, Cossack Cavalry Regiment was disbanded and were added to third army. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14440 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14440 Nevin GÜMÜŞ Abstract: Nedîm is our classical poet who is related with the time of Classical Poetry and social life’s matter. Hasibe Mazıoğlu says that "... no one not announced daily life and period until Nedîm. Therefore Nedîm’s Value not only describes his period and social life but also cherish his period and social life.” And also she finds his achievement in his sincerity and his realism. The subject of our investigation is Nedîm’s ability to live in his era with poems. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14574 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14574 Mustafa GÜNDÜZ Many people, organizations and they works has been effective modernization of Turkish education and formatting of contemporary teacher. One of them is Sati Bey. He contributed to gain the reputation of a teacher and sciences of education with his practices and woks in second constitutional period. His most important work on these issues is Fenn-i Terbiye. Satı Bey regarded to education as a component of physical, mental, psychological and moral development. In this process, he was also important historical, social, cultural and environmental factors in the education. He initiated many new applications during his director. For this he initiated various applications. Eastern and Western thinkers have been affected him in this process. In this paper, has been mentioned that Satı Bey had how education idea between tradition and modernization. His most important work Fenn-i Terbiye has been examined and its place in modern science education discussed and focused on the possible sources. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14492 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14492 Galip GÜNER Kipchak Turkic is one of the major branches of Middle Turkic which was spoken from XIII. century to XVI. century at steppes of southern Russia to Middle East (especially in Egyp and Syria). In this article it is intended to set professions from the texts which was written by Kipchak Turkic. In this way, the social, cultural, economical, military, political etc. life of Kipchak society was determined by the linguistic data. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14632 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14632 Faruk GÜRBÜZ When it is carefully observed it is seen that the translation is a metamorphosis, that is, a sort of exchanging. A translator exchanges a source lanuage’s phonemes with a target language’s phonemes to move the message in the source language’s codes. This transaction is basic of translation. In the end of this transaction an alteration occurs. Together with this alteration the message or meaning is animated through the target language’s codes. When we look into the translation’s activity or translated books and speechs we see that a language’s appearance is totally exchanging. When we look into outcome of a translation’s process we can see that source language’s phoneme and its syntax systems have been changed. Because of this, translation look likes metamorphosis which occurs in nature. In this study you can find different translation’s definition that is connected with this perpective. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14597 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14597 Abdullah HARMANCI It is seen that the “Kızılelma” motif that found an area of use in different genres of our traditional literature continues to make new senses in the Modern Turkish Literature with the pens of authors and poets such as Ziya Gökalp, Aka Gündüz, Ömer Seyfettin, Nihal Atsız, Niyazi Yıldırım Gençosmanoğlu, Dilaver Cebeci, Ragıp Şevki Yeşim, Mim Kemal Öke, Halil Delice. In our article, it’s attempted to introduce and assess these works and discussed new senses made by “Kızılelma” in our traditional and modern literature. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14577 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14577 Canan İLERİ The studies on the Turkish Dialects were started by the European orientalists in 1867. After 1940, Turkish researchers also start to work in this area. In the “Turkish Dialects’ Bibliography” published by Gülensoy and Alkaya in 2003, 2203 studies are mentioned. It is also a fact that tens of researches have been carried out in this major since 2003. However, another fact known by those who work in this area is that none of these researches use the same method with one another. The works on the Anatolian Turkish Dialects, which have been done until today, have been criticized from various angles. Yet, no method has been developed on the different phases of research, from its start till its end. What is aimed with “A Method Trial for the Researches of the Anatolian Turkish Dialects” is to fill in such a gap. A method, which shall be used in social sciences, has been tried to be adjusted to this specific research area. In the light of the valuable criticisms, this work will be improved further in the future. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14383 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14383 Mücahit KAÇAR As the one of the literary terms, plagiarism is that someone steal else’s poems or works. This stuation frequently encountered in the past. At the Ziver and Zihnî’s Divans, the poets of the eighteenth century, an interesting stuation is observed. All poetry of Zîver’s Divan are in Zihnî’s Divan. İn this study, this stuation will be examined whether plagiarism or pseudonym change. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14529 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14529 Yılmaz KARADENİZHidayet KARA One of the non-Müslim publics which lived within the territories of Ottoman State was Armenian Public. Contrary to the other non muslims, Armenians have established close relations with muslim subjects. They had lived in peace together with muslims under the sovereignty of Ottoman State for centuries. In early times, Armenians were not influenced so much by the nationalism which was a consequence of French Revolution, but later, they began to attempts of independence from Ottoman State. Especially in the places where they claim that they are majority, they chose violence as a method to enforce Muslims to leave the region. In this article, generally, the social lives, the professions, the population of Armenians in Ottman State, and the duties that they had in Ottoman State Administration have been studied. And, specifically, the persecution of Armenians on muslims using secret society to be independent from Ottoman State, has been studied. In this case, Kagızman town of Kars has been specifically studied. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14594 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14594 Adnan KARADÜZ Critical thinking is one of the eight basic skills in the primary school curriculum which has been prepared with a constructivist approach. Teaching critical thinking in Turkish language lessons has an importance in reaching curricular aims. Critical thinking has bonds with skills such as creative thinking, communication, research making, problem solving, using ICT, entrepreneurship, and using Turkish appropriately 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14515 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14515 Mevlüt ERDEMİbrahim KAYA The suffixes of -AGAn / -GAn used unfrequently in Modern Turkish exhibit some important features in the development of Turkish. In Karakhanid Turkic, the habitual meaning of the verb is formed with -GAn participle and in some cases with -AGAn. This usage increases gradually in Old Anatolian Turkish and Sudi’s annotation. Sudi utilizes the derivation of -AGAn/-GAn used in his time productively in word formation in order to translate the exact meaning of the Persian words into Turkish, which were called sıfat-ı müşebbehe (an adjective formed from a verb). In these derivations, although the habitual meaning of the verbs is stressed, some of them function as participles. On the other hand, Sudi uses Turkish -IcI suffix in order to substitute Persian agent nouns (ism-i fail). The suffix functions as non-finite verbs in some constructions like -AGAn /-GAn suffixes. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14631 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14631 Caner KERİMOĞLU In this article, firstly it is argued that -DIr suffix, which is accepted as copula in Turkey Turkish grammar writing, can not be copula and it is showed in given sentences that -DIr doesn’t mark 3rd person. The opinion that this suffix should be studied as a modality marker is emphasized. In Turkish grammars, +lArI suffıx is only given as the third plural possessive suffix. Secondly, it is argued that this suffix is not the only 3rd plural possessive suffix in Turkey Turkish but also +(s)I. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14353 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14353 Ulvi KESER National Struggle has broken out in Anatolia in 1919–1922 period. Subsequent to 30th October 1918, the revolt, and the struggle are interwoven with the Greek invasion in 15th May 1919, and with British, French, Greek, and Italian military forces. In addition to the armed struggle, what is mostly and clearly observed is that Greek Church has had an important influence. Towards Megali Idea dreams, the daydreams of establishing the Great Greece/Hellenic Empire once more comes to the surface, and two men of the Greek Church lead the armed people in Anatolia, named Hrisostomos in İzmir and Western Anatolia, and Hrisantos in Trabzon and in the Black Sea regions, provoking the people with all their might and main so as to realize Megali Idea. This study is prepared to focus on the activities and the actions of both men mentioned above. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14372 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14372 Baktygul KULAMSHAEVAAyşe Nur KIRGIZ In oral and written narrative ‘telling events by arranging in order’ is related to time. In epic narrative, there is not an entirely parallels between the time sequence of narration and the time sequence of story. Because in narrative time, running ‘forward’ and ‘back’, in other words ‘analepsis’ and ‘prolepsis’ is unavoidable. These time deviations occur because of two time axises’ different qualities. In epic narration, the time of breathing gets opportunity to return past time even it happens rarely (Ibraev, 1998: 114). The epic Koroglu, which belongs to Van Kyrgyzs will be studied in this research. İt may be considered that Koroğlu Epic of Van Kyrgyzs is the Kyrgyz adapted type of a Turkmen variant. This epic narration, in addition to being not published work, hasn’t been researched both in linguistic and narrative point of view. And also it is a rich material in respect to its narrative features because it is full of analepsis and prolepsis which occur depending on breathing time. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14432 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14432 Hayrettin ORHANOĞLU Relation of art and nature is as old as the relation of human and nature. Reality concepts are based on the difference of human’s nature understandings. Certainly, difference is not in nature but in the human’s nature concept. Basic alteration in this concept is human’s reality perception. In this study we evaluate the authors’ nature and world concepts in the Turkish poetry after 1950. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14548 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14548 Adem ÖGER The tradition of minstrelsy, nowadays, is transferred and conveyed orally, literally and on the electronic culture platforms. However, the changes, which occurred in the socio-cultural areas, have affected the tradition of minstrelsy on a large scale, too. In our paper, information about the past of the tradition of minstrelsy in Denizli and its present condition will be given, while the upbringing style of the regional minstrels, depending on the alterations in the societal life, their performance environments and the change in the subject matters will be discussed and evaluated. Moreover, some offers will be put forward about transferring and introducing this tradition to the new generations. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14539 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14539 Bülent ÖZKAN When we see in Güncel Türkçe Sözlük’s headwords distribution, it is found these words: nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, exclamations, pronouns, conjunctions and prepositions, respectively. Adverbs are fourth in this part of speech distribution. Besides, adverbs have massive relation with others as systemics in terms of cohesion system. Adverbs, as their functions, are used with mainly participles or other parts of speech related with it. Their functional and semantic features are dependent on adverbial structures, adjectives and other lexemes that are used in same co-occurrence. In this respect, a corpus is very important for checking of the adverbs in Turkish literature texts. This corpus must be dependent on representativeness Turkish textual material. This study covers the results of investigation consisting of adverbs in GTS restricted with ‘A item’ dependent upon a representativeness textual corpus with 12 million (+/-) words. Thus, the results may give a scope for a generalization of Turkish textual adverbial features. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14473 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14473 Selim Hilmi ÖZKAN One of the issues that Ottoman Empire attach importance during it’s six centuries history is education. Ottoman administrators and intellectuals put emphasis on education because they were aware of the fact that education was essential to assure nations progress. With this aim, they worked to expand educational institutions across the country. Thus, as well as the education in madrasa, the language of education emerged as an other important issue. In addition to Arabic, which was taught in the peak period of the Ottoman Empire, in the period of stagnation and regression, with the acception of Western superiority the necessity for acquiring one of the western languages emerged. For this purpose, in newly opened modern schools, Western languages, especially French, started to be taught. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14627 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14627 Nuran ÖZLÜK The first issue of Büyük Journal of March 6, 1919 was published by Sabiha-M. Zekeriya (Sertel); inspite of Armistice Period’s political, social and economic conditions it was aimed people to be unity, independence, awake people, make them concious and not to fall into hopeless in the difficult conditions. In the life of its 17 publication, approximately 9 months, it was one of the major publications which the leading public intellectuals who were sharing their thoughts and feelings. With this study we aimed to contribute to the study of literature history, by preparing systematic index and introducing Büyük Journal which has the characteristics of the period. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14486 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14486 Ömer SUBAŞI Theodosiopolis has become an important administrative, religious and military center since its establishment. Theodosiopolis was a very important command post during the Byzantium’s heavy fighting against the Sassanid Empire. There had been an intense struggle between Arabs and Byzantines in Theodosiopolis which was in the borders of the Byzantine while the Arabs were advancing into Anatolia in the VIIth. century. This study examines the activities of Byzantine Empirors on Theodosiopolis and its surroundings between VIIth and XIth centuries 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14610 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14610 Mustafa ŞANAL Musa Kâzım Beg was born in 1858, graduated from French department of Galatasaray High School in 1887 and taught in Kastamonu High School. In 1899, he came to Ankara and was assigned to French teacher and at the same time he was the second principle of Ankara High School after Pertev Beg. While he was the principle of Ankara High School, he gave lectures of teaching in Ankara Teacher Training College. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14608 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14608 İsmail TAŞ The Kutadgu Bilig is a Karakhanid work from the 11th century written by Yusuf Khas Hâjib of Balasagun for the prince of Kashgar. Translated, the title means something like “The Wisdom which brings Happiness”. The text reflects the author’s and his society’s beliefs, feelins, and practices with regard to quite a few topics , and depicts interesting facets of various aspects of life in the Karakhanid empire. The Kutadgu Bilig is structured around the relations between four main characters, each representing an abstract principle (overtly stated by the author ). These representational characters are Kün-Togdı (Justice), Ay-Toldı (Fortune), Ögdülmiş (Intellect/ Wisdom), Odgurmış (Man’s Last And). These are very important characters since they demonstrate the theoretical structure of the Kutadgu Bilig. In this respect, we think that the Kutadgu Bilig reflects the theoretical structure of the traditional Islamic philosophy. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14580 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14580 Gülden TÜM In teaching Turkish as a foreign language (TFL), grammar and teacher centered techniques and method are used and communicative approach is neglected.Thus, even though learners coming from different language families feel safe when traditional methods are used in the classroom, they have difficulties with expressing themselves in real communication.The results of the achievement tests indicate that Turkish learners use certain and familiar phrases in short sentences during communication. Course books are sometimes insufficient to introduce various language patterns and learners lack motivation in class.However, TFL has gained a considerable importance lately and if the drama technique is taken into consideration during teaching process, learners can reach their target very easily. So far, there has been encountered no study on drama technique in TFL.Therefore, the aim of this survey is to investigate how drama technique can help students to learn Turkish language and cultural values. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14404 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14404 Seyit Battal UĞURLU It has not been long that children’s literature has come into existence as separate area different from Educational Sciences and Philology. Since children’s literature has a short history of several decades, children’s literature criticism is rather a new type. Children’s literature has made use of methodologies of educational sciences, literature theories, different social sciences disciplines and even fine art studies and that has made children’s literature to be located within the boundaries of different disciplines. Children’s literature criticism makes use of all theories applied to adult literature and pays particular attention to the knowledge of children’s development and their literacy. This paper aims to analytically examine how children’s literature criticism has developed, its relationship with different disciplines and its connections with literature theory. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14570 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14570 Selman YAŞAR Neyzen Tevfik when was born in 1879 in Bodrum, has gained a fame with reed. Neyzen Tevfik who being start play the reed from childhood, also has interested in poem. Neyzen Tevfik who has been accept for third satire artisan, has been published poem boks which named “Hiç” and “Azab-ı Mukaddes”. Also Neyzen which write a article in the newspapers has been composed poems and records. Neyzen Tevfik who also has got a role in the films has died in 1953 in Istanbul. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14477 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14477 Esra YAVUZ In this article, it is examined gerunds made from suffix –GAn in Uzbek Turkish through Said Ahmad’s novel called “Ufq”, which is a Turkic language of southeastern branch, and is approached in details historical development, structure and utilization of suffixes. Additionaly, it is emphasized functions of gerund-making by using case ending, noun derivational affix, particle and word of the suffix –GAn, and to understand this issue, utilizations of these suffixes have supported the examinations obtained from Ufq novel. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14483 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14483 Mehmet YILMAZ 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14528 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14528 Sefa YÜCE Ömer Nâci, who lost his parents when he was very young, was raised in a foster family. He graduated form the Military High School and then the Military College and became a military officer. During his school years he was interested in literature. He had his poems published in various literary magazines. With his beautiful and effective speech skills he was renowned as an orator. He became an activist at secret societies before the 2nd Constitution. Ömer Nâci joined the Tripoli, the Balkan and the 1st World War voluntarily. In this article, Ömer Nâci’s poems, his meeting with Mustafa Kemal and his role in Ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti (Commitee of Union and Progress Society) were studied and elaborated. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14611 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14611 Musa Şamil YÜKSEL The concept of family, which is one of the most important basic elements that make up societies, is very important for the Turks whose basic underlying concept of the state is family order. The first step to establish a family is marriage. According to religious, cultural, economic and legal conditions of the societies different kinds of marriage occurs. One of the common types of marriages which occur among the Turks is levirate. This study which focused on levirate in Turkish culture also emphasizes the implementation of levirate in the Timurid State in which the highest number of levirate applied in Turkish history. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14513 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14513 Kaplan ÜSTÜNER 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14616 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14616 Ayşe YILDIZ 2026-07-16