https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=252 Turkish Studies - International en 2026-07-16 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14503 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14503 Yakup ÇELİK Ahmet Muhip Dıranas, who is known as a poet of Turkish Literature, also wrote theatre plays. Dıranas will be remembered as the poet of Turkish Literature and next generations will also know him as a poet. In most of the plays “Gölgeler” and “Çıkmaz”, Dıranas make characters speak using poems. Actually, he makes the characters express extraordinary ideas that he cannot tell in his poems. It is observed frequently in his plays. Ahmet Muhip Dıranas is not so famous dramatist in Turkish drama. However, considering his plays “Gölgeler” and “Çıkmaz”, he is a remarkable dramatist who is worth studying. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14414 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14414 Mehmet TÖRENEK Today, the widely used free poem, after the Tanzimat modernization has emerged as a result of search. First, a poem in the tradition in question is a powerful and prescriptive. Therefore, a long process of change and modernization in the form of language, from meter to rhyme, poetry from the prose was versatile, our traditional rules of poetry as a result of a new structure under the influence of the West scraped gained. Free poetry, as well as to the content in the format of this effect, a new perception of life is the poem. This change, this article in our poetry, and obtain new convergence is about progress. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14385 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14385 Müzeyyen BUTTANRI Arts and artists in the modern Turkish society were very important for Atatürk, who believed that a modern society could only be establihed in the light of science and arts. He also took great interest in music and performing arts. He believed that schooling was a requirement for perforing arts. In 1930 Joseph Marx was invited to İstanbul from Vien for a vocational drama school under Darülbedayi. And Carl Ebert from Germany was invited to İstanbul as an expert for the drama section of the Academy of Music and Performing Arts, established in 1934. For the consevatory the Russian model has been accepted. It has been decided that he state conservatory training system would depend on western models, and it would not be related with traditional ways. The course ‘the history of drama’ would cover only western drama history. The underlying philosophy in the establishment of the school has been determined by these foreign experts. The teaching staff has consisted of people who have studied western art abroad, besides foreign experts, who have taken place among the staff for a long time. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14487 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14487 Alim GÜRSena KÜÇÜK Manifestos, which synonymously refer to declaration, announcement and proclamation, are the texts that put forward the theory of the understanding under which the artits who adopt it put their signature. These are the expression of the common views and the beginning of the process of gaining acceptance. Besides having a unifying function, manifestos are the expression of a differentiation, the differentiation of its own line from the other formations. Manifestos, which came into being in the West as the texts which the movements systemized, flourished in our literature around the Journals of Literature. Turkish Literature, which is based on an established tradition and a rich accumulation, has produced many manifestos which have tended to make art closer to life, take it to the realm of the aesthetics, question on the basis of reality, make it functional and also Turkish Literature has also been a platform for many manifestal risings. This process is observed to have gained an acceleration recently. The course of literature, as well as can be traced through these texts that show the turning points, the functionality of the manifestos is put forward through criticism. For these reasons, the efficiencies of manifesto need to be evaluated. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14358 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14358 İsmet EMRE Compared to natural and applied sciences, the emergence of social sciences falls in with quite a late time period. The appearance and self-realization of literature, which forms one of the significant branches of social sciences, took place only at the beginning of 20. century. It is a well-known fact that the science of literature, with approximately a hundred-year history, has some shortcomings with respect to both terminology and methodology. The primary problem that the literature scientists in Turkey as well as in the world should overcome is the question of basing the concepts upon an objective ground and minimizing the concept confusion. It is obvious that the science of literature, with its content of objective concepts and terms and its peculiar language, will go beyond its present position. This study is intended to objectivize a few concepts of New Turkish Literature. However, needless to say, the shortcomings of the study is hoped to be supplemented by the eminent figures of the discipline in due course. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14352 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14352 Ramazan GÜLENDAM In this study, Turkish poetry published between the years 1923-2000 were examined from the aspect of socialist realism. In our study, the development of socialist realism in our country and the effect of it on Turkish poetry were examined. This study gives a general evaluation of socialist realism in our poetry was given. The aim is to show the situation of socialist realism in our poetry formed before 2000. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14442 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14442 Alaattin KARACA The Second New Poetry and Painting The Second New is a poetical movement which came out in the second half of 1950s. The leading figures of the movement are İlhan Berk, Cemal Süreya, Edip Cansever, Turgut Uyar, Ece Ayhan and Sezai Karakoç. These poets have also concerned themselves with music, cinema, painting, drama and other fields of art and literature. In some cases they have benefited from these arts in their poems. Particularly painting has had a great influence in their woks. In this article the view(s) of The Second New, the reflection of the changes in painting in 1950s in their poetry, the relation of poetry and painting, the poetic and practice effect of painting were examined. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14446 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14446 Selma BAŞ Servet-i Fünûn literature is the last and most intensive stage of Westernization efforts in literature which started with the Tanzimat period. In this period, translation activities and the articles in journals such as Servet-i Fünûn introducing the Western authors, works and trends appear as an important windows opening to the Western literature. In Servet-i Fünûn period, the effect of Western literature was not limited with introduction of Western literature or the translations, at the same time, the characteristics of Western literature influence the books which were written in this period. This paper attempts to determine the Western sources reflected in genres such as novel Servet-i Fünûn period; the western sources on which the principles determining artistic understanding of the authors; and the way Servet-i Fünûn period authors perceive and interpret the West. By determining the influence of Western literature on content, form, language and style in literary works, the role of Servet-i Fünûn literature on our literature history will be discussed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14351 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14351 Sezai COŞKUN Mustafa Kutlu is one of the most important names in Turkish story after period of 1970’s. Story language, style and topics of his stories are original. One of the basic charactristic of his stories is majority meaning world. Village-city problematique is one of the basic topics in his stories. Kutlu write this problematique before and after the immigration. He think that this problematique is one of the important side of social change. We study village-city problematique in Kutlu’s stories and essays in this article. Also we try to show this problematique as source of Kutlu’s stories 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14363 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14363 Türkan GÖZÜTOK Halide Edip is one of the leading writers in the Second Constitutional Monarchy Period Literature during the Ottoman Empire. In the novel called ‘Yeni Turan’, published in 1912, she transfers the literary and political ideas of Ottoman Turkey’s to the present life of Modern Turkey. In the book, she analyses and studies the Ottoman intellectuals’ ideas about preventing the empire decline and she states her views in the means of ‘Türkiye Türkçülüğü’ which is simply interpreted ‘Nationalism For Turkey’ and she calls it as a utopion social ProjectHalide Edip claims in the book ‘Yeni Turan’ that the Turkish Nationalism should be based on, ‘General Turkic Nationalism’ , ‘Westernisim’ , ‘Modern and Reformist Interpreting of The Religion’ . Although all those mentioning processes are presented as the main insruments of the national identity and are highlighted to synthesis for the benefits of future ‘Turkic Generation and Turkish İdeology’ projects, some of them may be accepted as the contraversial issues in the means of philosophical aspects and metaphorical interpretation. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14364 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14364 Murat KACIROĞLU When it was looked for national process of adventure in the western society is seen that language and literature this process developing and rooting. Public awareness for adoption by commons into the official pronunciation in order is mean to write writers and artists text wihich reflect the official ideology of the society for the perception. To fulfill the political function of literature to such an adjustment is defined with canon concept. From Ottomans to the Republic in the process experienced in transition. İn Turkey the literature that could be seen in the development of canonic discourse pronunciation. Adventure Historical in novel is seen that stated perception of History and shaped the ideology of the Republic of the nation. Turan Tan’s novel called greetings from the hell in this sense, an overview of the history of Osmanlı been shaped it is possible to tell. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14355 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14355 Tevfik SÜTÇÜ In the second part of the 19th century in which the influence of the Western Literature starts to be seen on Turkish Literature, a new movement of changing and reform slowly starts in Turkish Poetry besides the efforts of Turkish poets to produce literature works. However, in this period the efforts of classic poets belonging to the eminent generation draw all the attention not to be separated from the classical style of poetry. In different periods of Turkish literature, Hersekli(From Herzegovina) Ârif Hikmet lived in the II. part of the 19th century, is generally thought as in the partisans of classical literature. As a general view, when the poet Ârif Hikmet’s Divan(Collection of Poems) is studied in detailed, his works are seen to belong to classical literature style in terms of ‘structure and style’. However, when his works are studied as a content, his poems are seen to have classical subjects like ‘religion’, ‘mysticism/sufism’, ‘woman’, ‘love’ etc…Some of Arif Hikmet’s lines and poems included in his Divan also contain new thoughts, ideas, and concepts which are found new in that period of poetry. The poet Ârif Hikmet, in some of his poems with the influence of poets who compiled poems in style of ‘Divine Wisdom’ in the period of Divan Literature, wrote subjects related to the society. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14344 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14344 Ali YILDIZ Until Tanzimat period, Sufism has an important place in Turkish poetry tradition. The importance of Sufism starts to diminish since the period of Tanzimat. Şinasi, Ziya Paşa and Namık Kemal's poems, which form the first period of Tanzimat, reveal a duality due to interaction between the existent Western ideas and the concept of Sufism. In the second period of Tanzimat, the influence of Sufism starts fade out in poetry. In Recaizade M. Ekrem's poems, the concepts of Sufism point to the pantheism, where in Abdulhak Hamid's poems, they point to the metaphysical fear. With Servet-i Funun poems, the concepts in Sufism are emptied, and they are filled with opposite ideas. Cenab Sahabeddin does this with an agnostic attitude, and Tevfik Fikret does it with the attitude of an unbeliever. Constitutional Monarchy era poems seem to be in a different attitude about Sufisim. This situation shows that Sufism is no longer a common ground in Turkish poetry. Riza Tevfik follows the foot steps of Abdulhak Hamid and Tevfik Fikret. Because it represents the national past, Yahya Kemal includes Sufism in his poems to revive the past. Mehmet Akif, as a poet committed to the Islamic Mysticism, includes Sufism directly in the initial and the final stages of his poems, and indirectly for the rest of it. The concepts of Sufism are taken off from the content of poetry in the Republic era of Turkey. In a sense, Necip Fazil allows the revival of Sufism in his poems. It is seen that Asaf Halet Celebi, and espeically, Sezai Karakoc have taken this revival to more advanced stages. The form in these poets' poems is new, however they contain the concepts of Sufism. Albeit, Sufism has become animportant integral part of the content of Turkish poetry although it is partial. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14356 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14356 Mehmet KAYGANAMehmet YAPICI In this study we have attempted to analyse theatre plays as one of the basic means used by political systems to turn i 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14400 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14400 Deniz AKTAN KÜÇÜK The modernization efforts which became more concrete after the Tanzimat Edict (1839) grew up its own generation of intellectuals. Ahmet Mithat (1844-1912) as a member of this generation achieved much in carrying his time to the world of literature as well as introducing new western literary forms and thoughts to the Turkish Literature. In this study, it is aimed to focus on the way Ahmet Mithat conceptualizes literature, with reference to the prefaces of his works. To do so, the function attached to these prefaces will be discussed first, and then Ahmet Mithat's attitude towards the genre of novel will be analyzed by classifying these prefaces with respect to their contexts. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14360 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14360 Muhammed HÜKÜM 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14399 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14399 Mehmet Bakır ŞENGÜL Sufism has always been on the focus of arguments in terms of its source, improvement and approach. Searching for the reflection of the creator in everything, Sufism has a tradition focused on love and tolerance. One of the lately important names of Turkish novelists -Elif Şafak’s latest novel ‘Love’ (2009) has a plot which gives love and personal freedom priority on the basis of sufistic thought. The story of Ella’s loneliness, searches and pursuit of love is handled together with Mevlana and Shams’ companionship through the pursuit of sufistic love in the 13th century. With its independent content, the plot in 13th century continues its existance by affecting and sometimes by transforming the other plot. The novel presents Sufism and tolerance to the readers through the agency of Mevlana. Stages of Sufism, its effects on personal improvement and transformation, its desire to create a language that gathers crowds together are the headlines Elif Şafak highlights about Sufism in Aşk. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14325 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14325 Gökhan TUNÇ Ece Ayhan and Hüsyin Cöntürk use the atonal music concept so as to give a meaning to strange technique of İkinci Yeni. Moreover, Hilmi Yavuz argues that Behçet Necatigil’s work of Kareler (Rectangulars) has a atonal character. Existence of mentioned classifications shows that there is a need for discussion on the Turkish poetry in terms of poems having atonal music character. In this article, it is aimed to discuss poems or poets in the Turkish poetry, chiefly İkinci Yeni and Behçet Necatigil, in the frame of atonal music. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14374 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14374 Said COŞAR Caricature, which means a thought-provoking and humorous drawing taking any kind of aspects concerning the people and the society as a subject matter and expressing it in an exaggerated way, is assumed as a branch of the fine arts and is in an interaction with the other branches of the fine arts including the literature. From its earliest samples to the present, the caricature has established a strong relationship with the literature. This study primarily aims at explaining the relationship between the literature and the caricature, assessing the differences and the common points of both genres and moreover it is intended for explaining how and to what extent the literature acts as a source for the caricature. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14478 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14478 Naile AĞABABA There are information about tribal Sagarti in Ahamenid inscriptions and ancient sources. This resorces contains important information about historical geography and administration of Ahamenid country and also later Midia – Atropathena (Azerbaijan) and historical distribution of the tribes that speak Iranian language in the Iran area. According to some researchers writings Sagarties and their country Zikirtu irlands names in Assyrian sources II. Sargon period ( BC 722-705). Asagarta is also mentions as satrapy in Darius’s Persopolis inscriptions. Starting from Tigris valley extending to the Caspian sea region where Asagarta satrap is situated, ie Zikirtu, contains Mikies who live in earlier Northwest Midia and the region where were live Uties. The lands of Asagarta that will be called “Midia – Atropathen” in the future, is the part of Small Midia (except Assyrian states in the lower Tigris region). Probably after the Darius in Ahamenid period Sagarties slowly mixed with local Iranian laguage speaker people and forgot their own names. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14413 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14413 Ahmet AKÇATAŞ Some pure verbs and verbs come from adjective, adjectives, participle, nouns and whole expression introduce the transition from one situation to another situation. These words which express change process, process either in respect of its own meaning or the form from sentence meaning. The richness in the way of word derivation in Turkish provides determining situation change and various types of word. The aim of this paper is to determine the functions of the words and the words which Express situation change. While the fact which Express situation change, provide a change meaning for sentence, it regulates the other words in text. So the facts which express situation change, are important. “Everwhere was covered by snow all winter. Ices are melting, now, roads are cleaned. Spring will come no longer.”in text, the change which is expressed by “melting” verb, also regulates the other changes in nature. The changes in transition from winter season to the spring and this process have been founded around “-eri”verb. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14469 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14469 Hüsrev AKIN It is not possible for an artist to isolate himself from the society so in his works, he keeps both material and spiritual hints of values of the community he lives with. Although our poets were away from the spirituality during the republican area Turkish poetry, religious values inspired them to produce their works. Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı is one of those poets in this period and religion is one of the sources that inspire his poems. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14401 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14401 Soner AKPINAR Can Yücel, who started to contribute to literature in 1950 with his book “Yazma” , has attracted the attention of the poetry environment especially after 1965, after a 15-20 year of search period. The poet tried to approach the events (incidents) and facts with a socialist point of view in his poems in which he put forward swearing, slang and obscenity. One of the reflection forms of his social sensitivity and critical point of view – within the effect of his perception of life – is lampooning. Irony in this respect is the part of lampooning, in addition it’s a vehicle for the poet to locate himself against “nonsense” . In this study the significance of irony in the structure of Can Yücel’s poems is going to be evaluated via examples. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14470 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14470 Nesrin ALTUN There are arguments about some words which takes place in the Dede Korkut that is the most important anonimous text written in the Western Oghuz language as which as culture. One of that words is urlaşuban. İn this essay it has been asserted that urlaşuban can be read u(ğu)rlaşuban and inferred “to be on the same way, coalescent, inosculation” 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14339 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14339 Hüseyin ARAK This study reviews the critical essays and dissertations which have been written from an artistic point of view by the modern Turkish author Selim İleri. İleri’s life, his Works and critical attitude have been introduced at the beginning of this text based analysis study. İleri shows how artists can contribute to literature by writing critical essays through real examples. He proves in a way that critical analysis which is an act of versatile thinking reveals the abundance of a literary work. He shows artists and critics that criticism should not only be considered as negative but also positive. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14472 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14472 Faysal Okan ATASOY This study, that is on the history of punctuation marks; is prepared basing on some researchs which about history of punctuation in the West, and about Turkish punctuation customs and also it’s first usages in Turkish. Besides, it investigates adventure of punctuation marks in Turkish by scanning style manuals and Works that were studied in Ottoman Turkish and after. This work, focused on that when/why the punctuation marks were created, and where were located in the texts, and also studied aims of usages in the past. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14495 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14495 Adem BAŞIBÜYÜKErdal AKPINAR Proverbs are non-materialistic cultural documents that human has brought out with his experiences in the course of interaction of human with his environment. In the proverbs, the truths of which are approved by society, in which recommendations and messages are processed, the main target is simplifying comprehension, keeping permanence, affecting listeners and telling more with less. The proverbs used in all over the world concist of universal messages for human, whereas a great part are limited to local. Initial usage and transfer through generations are possible with long observations and experiences. These observations and experiences may be weathering events such as rain, heat, wind or natural marks such as mountain, hill, tree, water, or a human activity. In some proverbs, while the event is told directly, there is a deep meaning in statement. In our study, the proverbs of Erzincan and its surroundings are analyzed as to their geographical features. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14436 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14436 İsmail BOYACI The leading writer of Turkish origin, Yüksel Pazarkaya, who lives in Germany, is interested in Turkish and German literature and gained many prizes for his translations and original works. In introduction part, Pazarkaya’s brief introduction, information on “immigrant literature”, his position in this literature, and his approach to this definition were given. Then, thoughts on culture and cultural identity issues were given. Identity crisis in Turkish novel “Ben Aranıyor” (1989) and its German version “Ich und die Rose” (2002) was dwelt on. After this section, Turkish and German idioms and proverbs in these novels were compared. In the final section there is the short evaluation of the work. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14336 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14336 Mücahit COŞKUN Reflective Thinking in Geography Education has recently been taken into account. This study will be a sample for the following researches. The purpose of the study is to examine the reflective thinking skills of the students according to the expressions over the evaluation notes that they took after the Project Based Learning Process in Geography Lesson on climate. The study is an example of case study take plave in a qualitative research. The universe of the study is the 9th grade students at Keçiören Rauf Denktaş High School in Ankara. Sample of the study is twenty four 9/B students who participated in the PBL process in Geography Lesson. The Evaluation Notebook that was written by the students after the process was examined by document analysing technique. The expressions of students were analyzed descriptively. As a result, students expressed themselves mostly descriptively about PBL process. The students that Express themselves in a critical manner are less than descriptive way. The study was completed with some suggesstions about improving students’ reflective thinking and expressing skills. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14460 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14460 Nihal ÇALIŞKAN This study deals with syntactic stylistic features of Cemil Meriç’s writings on the basis of Bu Ülke which can be considered one of the distinctive Works of the author. Results obtained from the study show that Meriç used nominal, inverse, short, interrogative, and explanatory sentences as a stylistic element in Bu Ülke. Using these elements he created a metaphoric language, and in return metaphor helped to organize and integrate these elements which seemed independent at the first glance. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14522 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14522 Murat ÇİFTÇİ This paper looks at long-term change of inter-regional human utility from books in public libraries between Ottoman and Modern Turkey. Using data from the first statistical yearbook of the Ottoman Empire for dynastic period and TUIK web side for republic period and applying method is based on Atkinson inequality index. It is shown that the inter-regional social utility from books in public libraries has improved sharply between two periods. In addition, the findings indicate that there was not a central public policy of Ottoman Empire for librarianship different from today. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14448 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14448 Ramazan ERTURGUTSerhat SOYŞEKERCİ There are many interesting matters about Ottomans that rules three continents as a World Empire. It is one of them that How the empire contitute its’ army and what the motivational impressive parameters of soldiers and finaly what the Ottomans’ leadership tendencies as well. All these factors contribute to rules of Ottomans throughout seven centenary. In this study Leadership behaviours of Ninth Ottoman Empire Yavuz Sultan Selim, have been examined context of Transformational Leadership postmodern leadership approach and centralized with Otoman army. “Historical research method” has been used in study and examined questions as follows from the point of wiev of Transformational Leadership. What was the social events in Selims’ term?, How was the process of becoming ottoman about him? What are the critical point about three great war? How was his impression on his soldiers? And finaly How can we describe his reforms on Empire that they transformed Otoman Empire in a short term? Research result indicate that Yavuz Sultan Selim bears distinguished Transformational Leadership behavioural charesteristics that Idealized influance, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivations. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14333 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14333 Erkan GÖKSU For the Turks, besides being tools of defense or attack, arrow and bow they are also very important with respect to the culture. In general they symbolize force, power and strenght and have a special place in state and thought of sovereignty as bow was accepted as a mark of lordship and arrow for vassalage. Some Turkish states used arrow and bow as an statal symbol. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14431 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14431 Kadir GÜLER 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14496 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14496 Gürkan GÜMÜŞATAM Old Anatolian Turkish used in this study, the term Tertìb-i MuèÀlece pharmaceutical samples were analyzed with the movement. Examination of the extent of medical and pharmaceutical studies nested in the classical medical work has been questioned in the Tertìb-i MuèÀlece. Pharmaceutical terms determined by examining the grammar, vocabulary and the place of the Old Anatolian Turkish. In the history of the Turkish language as well as shed light on Turkish history of science findings have been revealed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14489 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14489 Mustafa GÜNDÜZ There is less research on the history of the education and teacher associations in Turkey. Whereas in the Second Constitutional monarchy period, as in other areas, staff training with different objectives, different place and time, many organizations have established. There are similarities in terms of actions and aim of organizational structure but at the some times there are some differences. Within the period established in the special conditions of many of educational and student organizations will provide an important contribution to knowledge in this field. Therefore, this article were examined eleven education and student organization in the period of the Second Constitution, from the original source. Departing from association rules and regulations founding members, organizational structure, aims, actions and financial recourses of the associations have been put forward. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14490 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14490 Damira İBRAGİM Abiş Kekilbaev is one of the most important names in modern Kazakh literature. The author’s advanture of literature has begun with newspaper reports and short poems that he wrote in his childhood. In high school years he made a name in circle of literature by criticizing some works of well-known aouthors. Abiş Kekilbaev’s first book consists of selected poems. However, afterwards, he achieved to prove himself in modern Kazakh tale and novel. Especially his historical novels which treated important personalities and events of Kazakh history, took their place in the list of Kazakh literature’s basic works. In this study; a poet, an aouthor, a master of rhetoric and a statesman Abiş Kekilbaev’s life, personality and works will be introduced by giving detailed informations. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14524 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14524 Turgut İLERİ In this study, an information was given about the reports and their contents written by American experts on the development of Turkish mining sector during the Republic Period and the interest of United States of America (USA) in Turkish underground sources. Turkish land that has importance in different aspects has appealed the interest of many countries up to today. The USA is one of these countries. The interest of the USA on Turkish land started in the first half of 19th century. The first affairs based on trade turned into a good friendship in the following years. At the begining of 20th century the USA started to deal with the underground sources of Ottoman Empire besides the trade affairs. The interest continued during the Republic Period. The USA experts typed reports about Turkish economy to support and make contributions. In these reports there were suggestions not only about the whole aspects of the economy but also about the mining. The most important suggestions among them are: a new mining law should be prepared, private and the foreign finance sectors should be supported to take part in mining and the goverment should be away from it. The previous Turkish Goverments established mining policies regarding to these reports. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14484 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14484 Tahir KAHRAMAN Abstract In introduction, in what sense “wordgroup” has been used in Turkish grammar is explained. It is emphasized that Turkish wordgroups, having more prominent and rich meanings than a lexeme, are the correspondents of a single existence or a concept, and that they are displayed as a single unit in textual analyses. It is pointed out that the terms “group” or “set (construction)” has extensively been used in grammar and syntax sources when dealing with that matter. Under the heading “Group”, it is ascertained with referring to the sources that the term “group” has not even been defined in some grammar sources, while it is observed in some that they are composed of “a marker and a marked”. Those sources are criticized by remarking that not all wordgroups include a marker/a marked. Following this, with quotations, how the term “group” is defined in four of the published grammar terms dictionary and in Turkish Dictionary by Institution of Turkish Language. They are criticized, by pointing out that they have three deficiencies in common: 1. Confusion in terms “compound word” and “wordgroup”, 2. Ignoring the orthographic rules of wordgroups, 3. Assuming that the term “group” has been used to donate a single meaning. The broad and narrow meanings of those groups are defined, by remarking that the term “group” is used with a “narrow” meaning as well as with a “broad” meaning. With such an explanation, it seems that the confusion in terms “compound word” and “wordgroup” in terms of their meanings has been dealt with. Furthermore, this leads to the fact that the terms “group” and “set (construction)” may be separated. Under the heading “Set (construction)”, it is asserted that the scope of this term has not been determined and defined yet in the analyzed grammar books. How the term “construction” has been defined in the referred grammar terms dictionary, and Instituion of Turkish Language Turkish Dictonary is stated with quotations. Following this, the other significant features of sets in Turkish are noted, after emphasizing that a sufficient definition of “Set (construction)” cannot be presented by stating only that it is composed of two units, one of which is marker (determinative), and the other is marked (determined). The name of the most comprehensive study about the problem, the PhD dissertation ‘Türk Dilinde İzafet” by S. S. Mayzel, is presented. The definitons and approaches to this term are mentioned in this study, the broad abstract of which was published in TDAY Belleten 1958, the publication of Institution of Turkish Language. Afterwards, it is explained that there are to types of sets (constructions) mentioned in Turkish grammar sources: 1. Noun set, 2. Adjective set. Under the heading “Genitive Set”, the approach “sets the marking unit of which is composed of personal pronouns” by S. S. Mayzel, and the grammar books analyzed throughout the process of this study are summarized. It is suggested that those sets, constructed on the basis of the “genitive relationship”, and with all its aspects bearing the features of the other sets, be referred to as “genitive set” by counting them a third type of set. It is put forward that the marker units of aforementioned sets are composed of personal pronouns, while the markers of noun sets are composed of nouns. It is as well proposed that the marker units of noun sets are the nouns functioning or counted as third person, while the the marker units of “genitive sets” are the pronouns correspondent to Turkish six persons. As a consequence of those differences, it is stressed in the study that if those sets are referred to as “genitive set”, then the number of the sets in Turkish rose to three. Under the heading “Adverbial Set (adverbial construction)”, the way the adverbial sets (adverbial groups) are dealt with and the efficiency in dealing with those sets are evaluated, by quoting with this aim. The examples in such 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14395 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14395 Ünal KALAYCI Punctuation which was first used by İbrahim Şinasi in our literature has changed over time. A new usage of parentheses has recently appeared. In the first part of this article the usages of the parentheses which are mentioned in “ Spellıng Book “ published by Turkish Language Society are examined. In the second part of the article, the examples of the new usage of parentheses are given from different text types. In the last part, the new usage is defined and evaluated. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14369 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14369 Ömer Tuğrul KARA The researchs made in the western world on the history of drama mostly based on the Chinese and Greeks’ sources. The culture of Turkish located in the Middle Asia, because of an unknown reason, is excluded from the history of theatre drama or ignored. The dramatic actions performed by the Turkish Shamans, which dates back to twenty thousand years, form the strong figures. The Shamans regard the basic elements of drama consisting of acting and improvisation as the parts of their lives. The dramatic components can be come acrossed in any stage of the life. Those components was in use in Turkish tribes as an indispensible need and a requisite providing self awareness for human beings. The reflections of shamanistic culture may be encountered in different forms after centuries. They are the first players of our history. Turkish Shamans defined their places in the history by their actions, aims and certain dramatical activities. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14499 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14499 Oktay Selim KARACA In this article, syntax level emulation (Fr. calque "imitation"), which is perceived as one of the consequences of the interaction between the languages, is investigated regarding Kazakh Turkish and Russian Language. Emulation examples encountered in Kazakh Turkish are presented by illustrating the proper structures of emulating the language (Russian). Additionally, syntax level emulation has been concluded to be a syntax deviation regarding Kazakh Turkish which is in the formation phase of a Turkish dialect. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14481 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14481 Sevim KEBELİWalter G. ANDREWS,Murat İNAN,Sevim KEBELİ,Stacy WATERS This article questions current transcription methods in Ottoman textual studies, and introduces a reversible transcription method as an alternative. Every Ottoman text transcribed into a Latin alphabet contains interpretive interventions by the transcriber. To avoid these interventions, the reversible transcription system aims to produce digital transcriptions of a text both in the commonly used Latin transcription system and also in an Arabic/Ottoman script version. People using a reversible transcription can output Latin (both modern Turkish and Ottoman transcription versions) and A/O script versions from a digital base text. In this article, our purpose is three-fold: First, to question current transcription methods by addressing some problems such as distancing from the original Ottoman manuscript and losing linguistic data; second, to introduce a reversible transcription method; and finally, to present two examples demonstrating the steps by which we have created a prototype for approaches to reversible transcription. In our conclusion, we claim that reversible transcription can be a fruitful way to improve Ottoman textual studies. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14371 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14371 Raşit KOÇ Fâik Ali Ozansoy is one of important names in Servet-i Fünûn and Fecr-i Âti periods of the Turkish literature. Sharing same ambience with the great poets of the Turkish literature in this period, Fâik Ali wasn’t not affected like his contemporary. Instead he has set up his own style of writing. The effects of artistic movement appear in his works. This study aims to investigate Fâik Ali’s poems and to determine in his role and importance in the Turkish literature. While most of the young poets who mostly imitated Tevfik Fikret at the second, even the third stage were gathered around Servet-i Fünun magazine, Fâik Ali, as well as Cenap Şahabettin and Suleyman Nazif proved themselves, kept himself outside of imitating other poets. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14338 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14338 Kürşat ÖNCÜL The 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14475 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14475 Emre ÖZŞAHİN This paper has investigated temporal change of land cover on the İskenderun Basin with Remote Sensing and Geographical Informational Systems, has evaluated reasons and results of change with a geographical aspect. This land cover change in the basin for the last several decades, the spread of urbanized areas into agricultural areas resulted in the conversion of the forested lands to the agricultural lands. The negative change of the land cover in the basin needs immediate evaluation for a beter planning and developing a sustainable land use model for the watershed. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14480 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14480 Ahmet Turan SİNANSezgin DEMİR Today when inter-media relations are extremely dense, an advertisement film may be affected by a literary work, a theatre performance may be affected by actual news or a motion picture may be affected by political affairs. This condition renders an inter-science discipline, which is to analyze semantic systems systematically, essential and obligatory. In this study, a 54-second advertisement film introducing the credit card of Deniz Bank has been analyzed through the semiotical methods. In this examination, it is aimed to read it from surface-structure to narrative-structure and to deep-structure. It has been tried to reach messages that enunciation subject wants to highlight in discourse and narration, and the relation with other advertisements creating super-structure of related advertisement is taken into consideration. This study reflects an empiric reading. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14343 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14343 Sevim ŞERMET, Turkish literature that points difference, although belonging to the search for previously developed with the declaration of Tanzimat and new formations are experiencing intense period entered. 19. century as much intense feeling in the Arab and Persian literary influence the French position, in other words the Western influence has left. Occur and the direction of the search for the most intense change in favor of the Western approach become clear that the period of Servet-i Fünun prior to that point are more examples. Nurettin Ferruh change in his work Servet-i Fünun period before the record is one of the artists under the space. Nurettin Ferruh suppress in 1311 the "Dawn of Sada" shape his work and the bid of the offer to be applied in terms of poetry is a remarkable work. Content in terms of innovation does not stand out in his book “Dawn of Sada” changes to the original poet, was trying to accomplish in the form. Nurettin Ferruh's "Dawn of Sada" in his book, originally proposed to the original ideas about rhythm and rhyme ones. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14347 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14347 Mustafa TOKER In this study, we made a comparative and statistical analysis on the verbs which are one of the most lasting structures of Turkish. We tried to reach statistical results by comparing and analyzing monosyllable verbs mentioned Dîvânü Lügâti't-Türk and their situation in Oghuz and Kypchak group of Turkic dialects. The monosyllable verbs in Dîvânü Lügâti't-Türk form the foundation of our study. In the cross tabulation, Turkoman and Turkey Turkish of Oghuz group of dialects, and, Tatar and Bashkir Turkish of Kypchak group of dialects were taken. As a result of this study, it is discovered that the monosyllable verbs in Dîvânü Lügâti't-Türk are living in modern dialects in the ratio of 68%-76%. Even though Turkey Turkish takes the first rank with regard to conserving the monosyllable verbs considering the words living in the mouths, it may take the last rank when the words living in the mouths are disregarded. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14518 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14518 Mehmet Cihat ÜSTÜN This study is related to the Orkhon inscriptions which are the first examples of Turkish language and have an important place in Asian culture. After a period about 1200 years the turcologist worked on, the Orkhon inscriptions were tried to be read and interpreted taking into acount of Göktürk culture, history and lifestyle. Every new component discovered concerning the lifestyle of Göktürk would make the Orkhon inscriptions possible to be read and interpreted in a different way. Approximately 120 yearly assessment process is not finally over. Orkhon inscriptions have preserved its magical and peculiar structure which are open to new proposals and recommendations. 120-year period evaluated in this study are subject to the Orkhon inscriptions on the Turkish citizen who serves turcology reading and interpretation of research proposals are evaluated in comparison. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14520 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14520 Sefa YÜCE The novel by Sevgi Soysal, titled “Yenişehir’de Bir Öğle Vakti” (A Noon Time in Yenisehir), tells the fall of the poplar tree which is the symbol of Ankara identity on the poor community. Ankara citizens in daily rush are not aware of many things. The author discusses the new development in Ankara through social, cultural and political dimensions based on the daily lives. She also questions the rapidly developing and changing life style with the establishment of Republic. According to Soysal, Ankara changes rapidly. However, nobody is aware of this change. As a result of this, the one grow in old Ankara has some difficulties in keeping up with the new Ankara. There occurs a new life style and a new concept in the city. 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14402 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14402 Zülfikar BAYRAKTAR 2026-07-16 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14326 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=14326 Semran CENGİZ We witness that, in the West, researches done on Turkish Literature are less than those done on Turkish language. Researches on especially Modern Turkish Literature are rare. In this context, the work conducted by German orientalist Paul Horn serves Turkology considerably. This work, published in the early twentieth century, carries importance in not only demonstrating how the Western evaluates the Turkish Literature but also giving place to artists and works which are rare or do not exist in even Turkish sources. 2026-07-16