https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=2462 Turkish Studies - International en 2024-08-29 <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Ankara Bilim &Uuml;niversitesi</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Kamp&uuml;s&uuml;</p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;">Maltepe Mahallesi Şehit G&ouml;nen&ccedil; Caddesi No: 5 &Ccedil;ankaya, Ankara, T&Uuml;RKİYE</p> <p style="margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Web: </strong><a href="https://ankarabilim.edu.tr">https://ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>Telefon:</strong> <a href="tel:4442228">444 22 28</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"><strong>E-mail:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="mailto:info@ankarabilim.edu.tr">info@ankarabilim.edu.tr</a></p> https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62119 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62119 Hatice AZTİMURLevent KAYA Turkey, in line with neo-liberal policies, decided to implement an export-based development strategy with the decisions of January 24, 1980, and carried this decision forward with the financial liberalization step realized by liberalizing capital movements in 1989. In the same period, with the effect of globalization, capital mobility increased significantly in the world and some of the foreign direct investments were directed to Turkey. Turkey's ability to increase its investments depends on solving the problem of creating resources in the form of foreign currency. In this context, foreign direct investments to be attracted to the country will not only contribute to the solution of the resource problem, but also make it possible to benefit from the positive externalities of FDIs. Factors such as the investment potential of countries, political and economic stability, human capital stock, and the existence of effectively functioning institutions are determinative in the investment decisions of foreign direct capital. At the same time, the level of the country's relationship with international markets will determine the route of FDIs. Along with other factors, there are studies in the literature examining the effect of trade openness on foreign direct investments. In this study, the relationship between trade openness and foreign direct investments in Turkey has been investigated. Fort his purpose, annual data for the period 1990-2020 were used. The relationship between the variables was examined with the Maki structural break cointegration test and a long-term relationship was found between foreign direct investments and trade openness. The causality relationship between the variables was examined with the classical and fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality tests and no statistically significant causality relationship was found between foreign direct investments and trade openness. This result allows to state that FDI and trade openness do not have a direct effect on each other for Turkey. This situation can be interpreted as that trade openness and foreign direct investments have an indirect interaction through the positive developments they have created on economic growth. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=63205 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=63205 Sibel BİLKAY Social capital, one of the most important capital concepts of today, is one of the most important competitive elements in the global business world. Bridging social capital, which is one of the types of social capital, focuses on communication and creates a diffusion network with its solidarist and unifying elements; It can be considered as parts of a holistic operation with the harmony and harmony in the person-organization harmony and the organizational support that represents the bond of heart with the employees' organizations. The aim of the study is to investigate whether organizational support plays a modetator role in the effect of bridging social capital on person-organization fit. The service sector, which is evaluated in terms of intense face-to-face communication, constitutes the sample of the research. Due to its cosmopolitan structure, service sector employees operating in Istanbul participated in the research. 405 questionnaire forms collected with convenience sampling technique were used in statistical analysis. The data used in the research consist of social capital (bridge building), person-organization fit and perceived organizational support scales and demographic questions. As a result of the analyzes made, it was found that the social capital that builds bridges increases the person-organization harmony; organizational support person-organization Social capital, one of the most important capital concepts of today, is one of the most important competitive elements in the global business world. Bridging social capital, which is one of the types of social capital, focuses on communication and creates a diffusion network with its solidarist and unifying elements; It can be considered as parts of a holistic operation with the harmony and harmony in the person-organization harmony and the organizational support that represents the bond of heart with the employees' organizations. The aim of the study is to investigate whether organizational support plays a regulatory role in the effect of bridging social capital on person-organization fit. The service sector, which is evaluated in terms of intense face-to-face communication, constitutes the sample of the research. Due to its cosmopolitan structure, service sector employees operating in Istanbul participated in the research. 405 questionnaire forms collected with convenience sampling technique were used in statistical analysis. The data used in the research consist of social capital (bridge building), person-organization fit and perceived organizational support scales and demographic questions. As a result of the analyzes made, it was found that the social capital that builds bridges increases the person-organization harmony; organizational support increases person-organization fit; It has been found that organizational support has a moderating role in bridging social capital and person-organization fit, and organizational support strengthens the positive relationship between bridging social capital and person-organization fit. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62438 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62438 Kamuran CERİTRamazan ERDEM In the literature, manager-employee relations are primarily examined as formal and informal relations within the organizations. Relations outside the organization are not sufficiently examined. It may be useful to draw a general framework of manager-employee relations in environments outside the organization. Accordingly, this study aims to create a theoretical model by revealing the types, characteristics, environments, reasons, and organizational results of manager-employee relations outside the organization. In this study, in which a grounded theory design was used, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 hospital staff. The data were analyzed with the systematic pattern approach. As a result, a theoretical model was created with 84 themes determined under five categories. For the category of relations type, the themes were determined as friendship, kindship, fellow-townsmenship, religious, political, syndical, socio-cultural, corporate, virtual relations. Themes such as political groups, social organizations, virtual networks were determined for the environments outside the organization where relations take place. Themes such as attachment, belonging, need for power, obtaining benefit, group commitment, and motivation were determined for the reasons for relations. Themes such as interactions per social norms and intimate interactions were determined for the degree of relations. The organizational result of relations is divided into subcategories of manager, subordinate, other employees, and the organization in general. These results were psychological pressure, gaining power for the manager; favoritism, exclusion for subordinates; jealousy, psychological violence, reduced perception of justice for other employees; increased productivity and reduced corporate reputation for the whole organization. For this study, the “approval of the ethics committee” was obtained by the decision of the Ethics Committee of ... University .... numbered, dated ..... and numbered. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62625 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62625 Aygen ÇAKMAKMüzeyyen ÖZHAVZALI ,Hande ŞAHİN ,Nuray TAŞTAN ,Ayşe GÜLER ,Fatıma Zeynep BELEN ,Ceylan SÜLÜ AKGÜL This study aimed to examine the stress factors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the social isolation due to this pandemic in women and reveal whether various variables created a difference in stress responses. The study group consisted of 1515 female individuals aged between 18-65 years who voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. The research data were collected using the "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researchers, the "Questionnaire" including questions about the COVID-19 pandemic process, and the "Resilience Scale" adapted to Turkish by Doğan (2015). According to the study results, the pandemic process increased the anxiety level of 82.4% of women, adversely affected the future expectations of 80.9%, and increased the level of unhappiness in 77.5%. The other results of the study show that 63.8% of women felt lonely during this process, anger levels increased in 64.2%, sleep patterns were disturbed in 73.3%, 81.3% of women started to spend more time with their family, and 66.9% felt psychologically weak. Of the participants, 60.3% experienced more domestic conflicts in this process, 65.2% needed more social support, 66.8% needed more psychological support, 70.1% needed more economic support, and 91.4% were more worried about their family members. As a result of the study, it was also revealed that the resilience of the female participants increased with an increase in their age. Concerning educational status, the Resilience Scale mean scores of the women who were high school graduates were higher than those of secondary school, university graduates, and individuals with graduate degrees. The Resilience Scale mean scores of women who indicated their income as higher than their expenses, who lost their jobs due to the pandemic and who had no children were lower. In order to carry out this study, Ethics Committee permission was obtained with the letter dated 10/12/2020 and numbered 2020/13 of Kırıkkale University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=61986 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=61986 Sümeyye ÇELİKMelike ŞİŞECİ ÇEŞMELİ Today, developing technology is used in the field of health as well as in every field. It is seen that very successful results are obtained especially with the use of deep learning applications. With the deep learning approach, solutions for many problems are produced. In this study, classification process was carried out using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which is among the deep learning methods, in order to diagnose chronic kidney disease. LSTM networks are generally preferred for data containing time series, but they can also be used for series data. In this study, there is no temporal dependence of the data. For this reason, the model is trained by sequential processing of constant vectors. Data include chronic kidney disease. The dataset contains 400 samples with 14 features. The dataset was obtained from the https://www.kaggle.com/ web address, which contains publicly shared data that is frequently preferred in data mining studies. The performance of the trained model was examined by dividing the data into two as 70% training and 30% testing. In order to evaluate the performance, precision, recall and f1 values were calculated as well as the accuracy value. When the results are examined, it is seen that the accuracy is 95.70 in the training data and 94.16 in the test data. Considering that the data are real data, it will be possible to say that these results are quite successful. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that LSTM networks can be used for classification of chronic kidney disease data within the scope of this study. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=66373 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=66373 Tuğçe DANACI ÜNALİsmail METİN ,Enis YAKUT ,Selim DURAMAZ This study aims to find out the factors affecting Turkish origin organic food consumption intentions and preferences in foreign markets by comparing Product Country Image (PCI) impact with other factors. A conceptual model was structured within the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework, and significant factors were grouped under three fundamental concepts: (1) attitude toward behavior (personal factors), (2) subjective norm (social factors), and (3) perceived behavioral control (product factors). A questionnaire form was prepared in accordance with Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) which allows for minimizing the uncertainty in multi-criteria decision making. An online survey was created and implemented in different regions of America, Asia, Europe, Africa, and Australia, with a total sample size of 31 which is considered to be an adequate number for FAHP method. Respondents were selected among the imported organic food consumers by using the snowball sampling method. Results indicate that while PCI ranks lower among the product factors, it attains more importance compared to the personal factors. Another finding is that the most effective (weighted) sub-factor on the imported organic food consumption intention is quality, which involves the sub-factors healthy, freshness, and taste. In conclusion, consumer perceptions concerning imported Turkish organic foods hover around quality, and there is no negative prejudice against PCI of imported Turkish organic products. The results are crucial to develop effective international marketing strategies for high-quality Turkish organic products that will meet the primary needs of foreign consumers. Ethics committee approval was obtained for this study according to the Manisa Celal Bayar University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee's declaration dated 12.10.2020 and numbered 2020/10.   2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62584 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62584 Merve Büşra ENGİN ÖZTÜRKŞeyma ÇALIŞKAN ÇAVDAR Classical international trade theories have neglected demand side of the trade and pshcological factors affecting trade for many years. Linder who developed the theory of ‘The Similiarity in Preferences’, investigated the demand side factors and claimed that if countries have similar preferences, they would have more intensive and potential trade between each other. In our study, we aimed to explore whether Linder effect exist for Turkey’s foreign trade with some Asia Countries by using Hierarchical Cluster model. However, in this study, it has been evaluated from a different perspective by using cluster analysis. Further more, in this study, it is aimed to test the Linder hypothesis, which is based on the difference between countries' income levels and the relationship between imports and exports. In this study, the foreign trade between Turkey and some far eastern countries is selected and analyzed together in itself. The foreign trade between Japan, Singapore, China, North Korea, South Korea and Turkey have been identified as the main starting point for this analysis. GDP, per capita income, population, imports, exports and distance between countries were evaluated as variables for each country subject to analysis. According to cluster analysis, the one of the most striking results of this study is Linder hypothesis is valid for the foreign trade between Turkey and selected far east countries and especially between China-Singapore and China-South Korea. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=63039 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=63039 Faruk GÜLŞENAli KAHRAMANOĞLU Intrapreneurship, which is a type of entrepreneurship carried out by the employees of the organization by combining their entrepreneurial efforts with organizational goals and objectives, is necessary and important in terms of the efficiency of public services. An approach in which entrepreneurship is at the forefront and internal entrepreneurship activities are encouraged in public institutions is realized with a new management approach and a different perspective in the public sector. This study aims to reveal the perception of intrapreneurship of the managers working in public institutions by taking the managers' opinions. Public administrators' direct expression of their views on intrapreneurship and their original ideas about public entrepreneurship, in particular, were obtained through interviews. Phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. Ethics committee approval of Ondokuz Mayıs University dated 27.11.2020 and decision numbered 2020/738 was obtained for this study. Research data were obtained by interviewing a total of 50 managers working in 25 different public institutions. Revealing the opinions of public institution managers on the phenomenon of intrapreneurship within the framework of qualitative research methods constitutes the original value of this study. According to the research findings, it was stated by the participants that the importance of the concept of intrapreneurship and that it should be developed, and that the personnel was supported within the framework of certain conditions. For this, it is necessary to correctly evaluate the entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship of public administrators and the differences in this concept. It has been concluded that the traditional strict rules of public order, the intensity of the work carried out, the unequipped personnel in this regard, and the deadlocks in the bureaucratic systems create obstacles to the development of intrapreneurship activities. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=57878 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=57878 Esma IRMAKİrem PELİT İncreasing international trade with the effect of globalization has brought air transportation to an important point with the increasing importance of speed. The aviation industry is a very convenient industry to be affected by global events. With the first Covid-19 case encountered in Wuhan, China in 2019, the world faced a new infectious disease.  Covid-19, which was declared as a global disaster transmitted by contact, affected all sectors as well as the air transport sector in a negative way. It is seen that the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the whole world, as well as Turkey, socially and economically. The Covid-19 epidemic affected the world at the beginning of 2020, with the closure of borders and travel restriction, as well as many sectors, and the aviation sector had extremely negative reflections. The pandemic has created a domino effect among flight cancellations, travel restrictions, ticket refunds, subsidiaries and passenger, and airlines have faced a health crisis. The negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the aviation sector have manifested themselves in different dimensions as passenger transpotation of the airline sector decreaed during the pandemic period, Cargo and freight transportation did not experience the same decrease in terms of raising basic needs and medical supplies. İn this study, the effect of the Covid-19 epidemic on air transport in the world and in Turkey has been examined. İn this context, the negative reflections of  the Covid-19 epidemic on the sector were revealed and the extent to which the air transport sector was affected by this health crisis was examined. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62017 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62017 Saadet KARAKUŞFatma KANTAŞ YILMAZ This cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate individuals’ trust in healthcare systems towards healthcare professionals, insurers (institution of health financing) and health institutions in the Anatolian side of Istanbul. The number of participants was 406 (F=292, M=114), receiving outpatient and inpatient health services last year. The Multidimensional Trust in Health Care Systems Scale (X ̅=56.09; SD=12.44) was used as a data collection form consisting of 17 items. The mean scores of health professionals (X ̅=34.87; SD=7.98), health financing institutions (X ̅=12.68; SD=3.50), and health institutions (X ̅=9.36; SD=2.67) were higher in all sub-dimensions. There are no significant differences in the total and sub-dimension scores of the scale according to variables such as gender, age, and educational status. The mean scores of private hospitals are significantly higher than public hospitals in terms of trust in health professionals and health institutions. The percentage of participants’ trust toward health professionals can be listed by the percentages of the following: pharmacists (75%), physicians (70%), dentists (63%), nurses (60%), physiotherapists (55%), and psychologists (49%). Participants with an income higher than or equal to their expenses have more confidence in health professionals. The participants’ trust treated in a private hospital in health professionals and the health system is higher than those treated in a public hospital. As a result, although the participants’ trust in the health system is above the average, there has been a decrease in this trust over the years compared to previous studies conducted with the same scale. It is recommended to determine the factors affecting trust and plan improvement studies. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=61972 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=61972 Yeşim KUBARMeryem KIL The change in mass production and consumption patterns that emerged with industrial revolution led to fabrication, rapid urbanization and population increase, competition races of countries, removing the increasing energy needs via fossil fuels, intensive use of chemicals, and environmental deteriorations and problems, while the efforts of rapid growth and development of economies caused disturbance of economic equilibrium. The deaths resulting from the worsening quality of life and environmental pollution have begun to form worries in people, while that environmental problems reach global dimensions made necessary to take precautions in international platforms. Therefore, global precautions have been appealed and it has been aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The relationship of environmental pollution and economic growth has become the focus of many studies. Environmental Kuznets Curve, which Grossman and Krueger argued by adapting it to environment, is the most commonly used hypothesis.  In this study, the validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) was tested by panel data analysis in the case of Fragile Eight and G7 countries. In the study, explaining EKC hypothesis, the relationship between the environmental pollution and per capita gross domestic product in the period 1980-2020 for fragile eight countries and the period 1972-2020 for G7 countries.  In application, unit root test, Durbin-H and Pedroni Co-integration Tests were used, and PDOLS and FMOLS predictors to identify long term coefficients.  According to the findings obtained, in the countries of Fragile Eight Group, co-integration relationship was identified between environmental pollution, economic growth and energy consumption.  Using long term co-integration PDOLS predictor, it was identified whether or not hypothesis is valid and it was concluded that Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis was valid. In G-7 Group Countries, co-integration relationship was identified and, according to the results of FMOLS long term predictor, it was concluded that Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis was valid and that there was a reverse N relationship in accordance with cubic form. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=63008 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=63008 Rükan KUTLU KORLUMetin AKBULUT In recent years, the problem of insufficient resources, which is caused by the increasing population in cities, is one of the issues that need to be solved quickly for local governments. For this reason, for citizens who pay taxes in cities and expect to consume more local public goods and services, resources should be used more efficiently through the possibilities of technology. In other words, it is essential for municipalities, as a local government, to develop policies that create added value by using up-to-date technological opportunities in service delivery. This is also necessary for quality service delivery. In this study, the Smart City (city) application developed as a solution proposal against scarce resources and sustainability problems of local governments within the scope of services provided by local governments is discussed. In the first part, the definition of smart cities, their components and directly related indicators within the scope of their features are discussed. In this context, the expected benefits from smart cities are stated. Then, the possible difficulties and costs that may arise in the establishment and execution of smart cities are discussed. In the next section, the point reached by smart cities at the global level is discussed and the total expenditures made on this subject are presented. After the expenditures are discussed, the concrete efficiency outputs expected from smart city technologies are discussed. In the last part of the study, smart city applications carried out by local governments in the world and in Turkey are discussed and various information is given. In the conclusion part of the study, an evaluation was made by emphasizing the functionality of smart cities in creating efficiency and cost advantages in local governments, and the study was concluded. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=63390 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=63390 Sefa ÖZDEMİRGürkan ÇALMAŞUR ,Fatih YILDIRIM In today’s world, products and services are not consumed only because of their functional benefits or to satisfy the needs of consumers. In addition to these basic motivations, consumers who purchase the products and services can use those as a tool to show their social status or to increase their prestige in their environment. This study empirically examines the relationship between conspicuous consumption, which approaches consumption from a different perspective, and rational consumption, social status, and prestige. Within the scope of the study, data were collected from 900 consumers residing in Erzurum province by using a face-to-face questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS and LISREL programs. As a result of the analysis, a positive and significant relationship was found between social status, prestige dimensions, and conspicuous consumption. However, a negative and significant relationship was found between rational consumption and conspicuous consumption. Moreover, while the conspicuous consumption tendencies of individuals do not differ according to gender; vary according to age, education level, and income. While young and young adult individuals are more prone to conspicuous consumption; Older individuals are more prone to rational consumption. As the education and income level increases, the tendency for conspicuous consumption increases, and the rational consumption tendency decreases. Another important result of the research is the effect of the social class difference between individuals on conspicuous consumption. Individuals who feel themselves in a socially higher class are more inclined to conspicuous consumption than individuals who see themselves in a lower social class. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=63248 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=63248 Nilüfer RÜZGAR Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in the social and professional life, where different people of different characteristics live and work together. The point is, to provide employees not be affected negatively from conflicts, via managing conflicts as not affecting the organizational climate and organizational balance. Therefore, especially in work life, managing conflicts in professional terms constitute great importance. In this sense, managers carry the greatest responsibility. As for educational organizations, the conflicts and the management of conflicts are of great importance because the organizational climate may affect the students. Educational organizations are among the organizations that have the most different personality traits. At this point, both managers and the teachers carry the responsibility. In order to provide the conflicts to be in the frame of expected level, responsible acts are needed. Thus, educational organizations may develop more. In this context the porpose of this study is to research the conflict management styles that are preferred in educational organizations and the attitudes of teachers towards conflict management. In the scope of the research private primary schools that are active in Burca City Nilüfer province are taken as sample. According to the results, there is not a statistically significant difference between the socio-demographic (gender, age, education, field of study) characteristics of private primary school teachers and their attitudes towards Conflict Management. Therefore, it can be understood as an implication of the fact that the conflict management styles are not comprehended thoroughly in the sample schools, which implies a suggestion for the school managements for dwelling on conflict management. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=58017 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=58017 Ahmet SARNICHatice ÖZUTKU Organizations are structures that carry out activities to meet the needs not only of the individuals but also societies. Differences such as power, status, belief, perspectives and resources that individuals in the organization have relative to each other are among the reasons for situations that may cause various conflicts among them. Since organizations are generally considered as a community of individuals, encountering conflicts within the community should be considered as an inevitable phenomenon. Conflict management consists of practices that are examined within the organization and whose main purpose is to ensure the interests of the organization. The aim of the research is to determine the metaphor perceptions of the employees working in the marble sector towards the conflict management concept in the organizations. The sample of the study consists of a joint stock company structuring in Iscehisar district of Afyonkarahisar province and a marble company that carries out marble export and import activities. The data was obtained by qualitative research method, and the design of the research was organized in the form of phenomenology. Content analysis method was used for data analysis. Participants were given a brief introduction to the concepts of metaphor and metaphorization for 15 minutes with examples to activate their minds. However, in order not to affect the employees, the examples given were chosen out of conflict management. Afterwards, within 20 minutes the participants were asked to fill out a form in which “My manager's approach to conflicts in the organization is like ………..; because………..” sentence is written. As a result of the analysis, 44 metaphors were obtained and the gained metaphors were grouped under 5 different categories as cooperation, competition, keep pace with, compromise and avoidance. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62031 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=62031 Murat TÜRK In all organizations that produce goods and services, financial affairs expressed in money and money equivalents are carried out within the accounting function. The duties, authorities and responsibilities of social service institutions are regulated in the Social Services Law No. 2828. The social mission of social service institutions may be common, but their institutional aims may differ. This requires different accounting system  according to the purpose of social service institutions. In the study, it is aimed to reveal the differences by examining the accounting system of social service institutions that have different corporate goals, although they have common social missions. In this direction, information resources related to the accounting system of social service institutions were reached by scanning libraries, electronic databases and internet resources. By examining the sources, similar and different features of accounting information systems were determined. Accordingly, social service institutions use a Chart of Accounts in accordance with the Uniform Chart of Accounts framework included in the General Communique on Accounting System Implementation No. 1 of the Ministry of Treasury and Finance. However, due to the fact that the operation and source of each institution and the legal regulations to which it is subject are different, the name of the general ledger account items and sub-accounts differ, provided that the account class, account group and functioning remain the same, while 7/B cost account groups are used in foundations, cost account groups and off-balance sheet items account groups are not used in foundation of social help and solidarity, It has been concluded that 8 account groups are used for budget and appropriation transactions in central government public social service institutions. 2024-08-29 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=66383 https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=66383 Ebrar YALTAGİLAysel ARSLAN Quick and easy access to health services, qualified, equal and free service are among the obligations of health institutions. It is among the responsibilities of the individual to maintain an appropriate lifestyle by paying attention to his health, to be knowledgeable about possible diseases, to stay away from habits and behaviors that harm his health, to go to health institutions on time when he is sick. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of health literacy on healthy lifestyle behaviors and health education awareness levels of individuals and to identify the effect of COVID-19 experience on these variables. In this study, the snowball sampling technique was selected from the general screening models. A total of 500 participants consisting of 333 female and 167 male individuals constituted the sample of the study. The study data were collected using the "Health Literacy Diagnostic Scale", the “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale”, and the questionnaire, which was prepared based on the "Healthy Lifestyle Education Consciousness Level in Parents Scale". Before the research data were collected, the ethics committee approval was obtained with the decision of the …. ethics committee, dated …. and numbered …... In addition, a statement stating that the participants participated in the study on a voluntary basis and that they could withdraw from the study at any time was included in the questionnaire. According to the results of the study, awareness levels were found to have increased in terms of health literacy, health literacy on healthy lifestyle behaviors, and health education awareness levels of individuals in individuals with a medical history of COVID-19. It was also concluded that health literacy level had a positive effect on HLBs and health education awareness levels of individuals. 2024-08-29