Turkish Studies - International, Year 2022 Issue Volume 17 Issue 3

The Performance-Space Adventure of Minstrels in the Dichotomy of Tradition and Modernity

Yakup AÇAR — 2024-08-29

In the minstrelsy tradition, space should not be considered as a space where the minstrel only performs. In the formation of minstrels' spaces where oral culture is performed; memory, synchronously, important dynamics, such as minstrels and conscious listeners, need to be together and face to face. This togetherness is one of the unwritten rules of tradition. The aim of the study is to talk about the changing types of performance spaces in the transition process from tradition to modernity and the performance practices applied in these places, and also to evaluate the practices applied in the changing execution spaces from the framework of tradition. In the research, the existing records and documents were examined by using the documentary scanning model and in this way, the theoretical framework and findings of the study were obtained.Seeing that the agenda and artistic needs of the society are met with these opportunities with the developing technology, the minstrel has created a new performance space by keeping up with the digital age. The adventure that started with radio continued with performance venues such as television, cinema and internet/social media, and on the other hand, album works such as records, cassettes, band recordings, etc. were carried out. The minstrel used these new performance venues for two different purposes, both to convey the culture to more people, to promote and to advertise himself, and to earn more than the income he earned from the coffee houses. As a result, the places of performance within modernity have increased the target audience of the minstrel and brought this culture to the brink of re-popularizing it throughout the country. However, the various important genres (epics, stories, long narratives) and practices (improvisation discourse, solving enigmas, etc.) performed within the tradition have not been performed or could not be performed in the places of modernity. Because in the execution spaces within modernity, time, synchronicity and face-to-face interaction cannot coexist. Therefore, in the places of modernity, tradition is partially represented and the media-shaped models of popularity-centered minstrels have emerged.

Has the Covid-19 Pandemic Period Changed the Exercise Attitudes and Behaviors of Those Who Exercise Regularly?

Mustafa AKILAli Enes US — 2024-08-29

Considering that Turkey is one of the countries most affected by Covid-19, long stays at home may have changed exercise attitudes and habits. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the self-reported exercise attitudes and behaviors of those who exercise regularly change during quarantine. In the study, 1150 healthy adults residing in Turkey were evaluated using the cross-sectional method. The designed method consists of 5 parts and 49 items. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee (2022-61-05). The first part was used to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, the second part to determine the participants' exercise change phase, the third part to determine the exercise change processes, the fourth part to determine the exercise self-efficacy level, and the fifth part to determine the exercise decision-making balance. When the findings were examined, it was determined that the participants were at the stage of taking action immediately to exercise. Perceptions of exercise self-efficacy were moderate. The perceived benefits of exercising were more dominant. Exercise behavior and change processes, self-efficacy levels and decision-making balances of individuals who do individual sports were higher than those who do team sports. A positive correlation was found between the exercise change phase and exercise self-efficacy levels, the exercise change phase and the exercise decision-making balance, and the exercise self-efficacy levels and the exercise decision-making balances of the participants. There was a positive correlation between their status in the exercise change phase and their exercise change processes, and the exercise change phases and experiential and behavioralprocesses. The results show that in closure, people have the opportunity to re-evaluate themselves and will exercise frequently once closure ends. However, it was determined that their behavior could change frequently and they avoided helping relationships about exercise. Comprehensive studies involving different methods are needed in order to achieve healthier results.

The Relationship Between Parental Attitudes and Digital Game Addiction Tendencies in Preschool Period

Cemal AKÜZÜMEbru BOĞA BARAN ,Sema ÇELEBİ — 2024-08-29

Play, which is an indispensable element of childhood, also experiences some transformations in parallel with the developing and changing time. Especially with the acceleration of the digitalization process, it is seen that the way children play and their game preferences differ. In this process of change and transformation, especially in the early childhood years, the influence of parents plays a major role. In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between the attitudes of parents whose children continue to pre-school education and their views on their children’s digital game addiction tendency. Ethics Committee Approval was obtained for the research with the consent of the Dicle University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee dated 28.09.2021 and numbered 145353.The research is a quantitative study designed in the relational survey model. 423 parents with children aged 4-6 years, selected by criterion sampling method, one of the nonprobability sampling methods, were included in the study. The participants were given detailed information about the study and the data were collected through interviews that lasted 20-30 minutes after obtaining consent for voluntary participation. Data were collected through the "Demographic Information Form", "Parental Attitude Scale" and "Digital Gaming Addiction Tendency Scale". The obtained data were analyzed with the SPSS package program. As a result; It was determined that as the level of parents' having a democratic attitude increased, the tendency for digital game addiction decreased, and the age of the parents, education level, number of children, working status and income level were effective on parental attitudes. In addition, it has been determined that education level and income level are effective variables on digital game addiction.

Comparison of the Number of Patients Going to Otorhinolaryngology Polyclinics Before and During the Pandemic: The Case of Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital

GÜLCAN ATICI TURANSadettin EMRE — 2024-08-29

COVID-19 is a new viral respiratory disease that was first broke out in Wuhan province of China and defined with high fever and shortness of breath, and it is known to be transmitted through droplets and contact. Since the first case of COVID-19 disease was occured in Turkey, the polyclinics of the Otorhinolaryngologybranch have taken an active role to overcome the pandemic. In this study, patients who went to Otorhinolaryngologypolyclinics in Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital before and during the pandemic were compared in terms of age and gender variables. It was examined whether the number of patients who went to Otorhinolaryngology polyclinics before and during the pandemic decreased or increased, and with which complaints the patients went to the polyclinics during the pandemic period. This retrospective study included 157830 patients who went to Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital Otorhinolaryngologypolyclinics between 01.01.2019 and 31.05.2021. SPSS (ver: 22) package program was used for statistical calculations and analysis. Descriptive statistics for the features discussed are given as mean, number and percentage. Paired samples t-test was used to compare the pre-pandemic and the pandemic process in terms of the characteristics of the groups. The statistical significance level was taken as 5% in the calculations. Frequency and percentage were used as descriptive statistics. When we look at the months before the pandemic, the average of female patients admitted to Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinics is 3510.67, while the average of male patients is 3359.40, it is seen that mostly female patients apply in all of these months. While the average of male patients who applied to Otorhinolaryngology polyclinics during the pandemic period was 1941.71, the average of female patients was 1971.07. When we look at the months before and during the pandemic, it is seen that there are more patients between the ages of 19-54. In this process, the patients aged 0-18 years decreased the most. During the pandemic, there was a decrease in the number of patients aged 0-18, who applied to Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinics at most, then a decrease in the number of patients aged 55 and over, and at least a decrease in the number of patients aged 19-54. According to the findings obtained, there was a decrease in the number of patients who applied to Otorhinolaryngologypolyclinics compared to the pre-pandemic period.

The Reflection of Genderist Discourse on the Language Used in Daily Life

Sinem ONARBuse UÇURUM — 2024-08-29

Language has a critical importance in ensuring communication, which is an integral part of an individual's life. Language has a very important place in terms of expressing oneself and conveying one's feelings and thoughts to others. Language is shaped by the actions and thoughts of individuals living and present in a society. Language also has a great influence on the feelings and thoughts of individuals living in that society. Language, which is an indispensable part of an individual's life, comes to the fore in making sense of the world and creating a perspective against social events. In this context, it is seen that the language used in daily life and gender inequality, which is an extremely important social problem, is reproduced. It can be said that the sexist discourses embedded in the language also shape the perspective of the society in this direction. In this context, the aim of the research is to examine the expressions embedded in Turkish and the language used in daily life and reinforcing gender inequality. Purposeful sampling is used in order to provide data richness as a sample within the scope of the research, and the data obtained are analyzed with content analysis. Within the scope of the article, the keywords “woman”, “man”, “girl”, “man” were searched on www.sozluk.gov.tr, the website of the Turkish Language Institution Dictionaries, and “proverbs, idioms or compound words” in the subtitle of these words verbs” were examined in the context of the reflection of gender inequality on the language used in daily life. Within the scope of the content analysis, two categories were created as "expressions produced on the female gender" and "expressions produced on the male gender". Under these two categories, the data obtained in the research are analyzed by content analysis. In a large part of the data obtained, it has been determined that women are kept in the background against the male gender, that women are limited in the context of gender roles and that the male gender is glorified. The inequality between men and women, which is an important social problem, is reinforced through the language used in daily life. Considering the effect of language on the individual's way of perceiving the world, it is seen that the aforementioned expressions embedded in the language create a problematic area.

On the Axis of Representation and Surrender: The Relation Between the Portal and Mihrab in Usküdar Selimiye and Yıldız Hamidiye Mosques

Hatice ÇOPURMuhammet GÖRÜR — 2024-08-29

The relationship between the plan, material-technique and ornamental compositions of the portal and mihrabs of Usküdar Selimiye Mosque built by Sultan Selim III (1789-1807) and Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque built by Sultan Abdulhamid II (1876-1909) and builder/boss, architect/artist and art movements etc. that took part in their formation form the subject of our study. In addition, opinions presented about the religious and ideological symbolism of the portal and the mihrab, and what extent the patron and the artist observe the harmony between the interior and exterior of the building. In Ottoman art, the portal and the mihrab are two building elements that are important enough to contain data about the construction dates, functions, stylistic features of the buildings they belong to, the identities of artists and patrons, and even the spirit, belief and world of thought. In this respect, considering the two on the same axis is also a first for Ottoman art historiography. The importance of the interaction of the mihrab, which is one of the most important physical and symbolic elements shaping the Ottoman religious architecture, and the portal, which is the expression of the ruler and monarchical structure through architecture in both civil and religious architecture, in Ottoman art and architecture was also be emphasized. The Ottoman architecture of the modernization period was shaped within the political, ideological and economic turmoil of the period first-hand, that is, under the patronage of the ruling class, of the elective art movements with east-west synthesis. Therefore, looking at this period from the portal-mihrab axis will enable us to see all this change and mobility in architecture in the light of objective data.

Art, Space and Memory

Levent İSKENDEROĞLUYüksel GÖĞEBAKAN — 2024-08-29

Art is an ancient human activity that is likely to appear everywhere around life, and art has close ties with culture, which is the product of all other human activities. All societies want to leave a mark. The construction of permanent memory has been one of the most important concerns of all societies throughout history. All societies have benefited from the extraordinary power of art in order to maintain their existence and share their consciousness with future generations. Because art is a creation process that is affected by all the accumulation and conditions of the society and geography in which it is created. Therefore, each work of art carries the codes of that society. In this study, the relationship between art and memory was tried to be examined conceptually through space. How the will to leave a trace affects the space with the act of artistic creation and the effect of human architecture and construction actions on the existence of art are discussed through a conceptual dialectic. In particular, an intensive literature review was made on the concepts of space and place, and new interpretations were tried to be made on the concepts of art, space and memory, based on the inferences made from this scan, and as a result of all these, a new space classification was made in terms of the perception of art. Regardless of the time period, it has been concluded that the connection between the artist and the audience and the main place of art is the mind. It can be said that the perception of environment and creation of all times consists of a truth interpreted by the mind. In this case, it can be said that every person perceives nature and art through the facts that create his own truth, and every artist creates his art with his own truths.

Hurrian Documents from the Ancient Near East and Egypt: Their Findspots and Contents

Kurtuluş KIYMET — 2024-08-29

Hurrian documents’ findspots, which their vast majority dating back to second half of the 2nd millennium B.C. extend from the Upper Habur Valley to the Mediterranean and Central Anatolia. The number of documents dating back to the 3rd millenium B.C. is fewer. Hurrian tablets were obtained mostly from Syria and Turkey. In addition, it should be said that there are few documents in Iraq and Egypt (Mitanni Letter). The archives in which Hurrian tablets were released are Larsa (?), Urkeš, Mari, Tuttul, Nagar, Emar, Ugarit, Akhetaten (Tell el Amarna), Tikunani, Hattuša, Šapinuwa and Šamuha. Among these, Hattuša and Šapinuwa are at the forefront due to the large number of documents. The importance of Amarna is that the longest Hurrian tablet is found here. The three archives mentioned also stand out in terms of understanding the Hurrian language. The Letter of Amarna is important for comparison with Akkadian texts, Hattuša bilingual documents, and Šapinuwa for the development of Hurrian vocabulary. The contents of the documents can be classified as religious, literary, administrative, historical and shcool texts. The religious texts constitute the most detailed group, involving sorcery and purification rituals, deity lists, prophetic texts and a sacrifice text. The administrative texts consist of letters, a taxation tablet and the record of barley shares to be distributed to individuals. The literary texts include epic tales, wisdom texts and a musical text (Ugarit). The most fitting example of the historical texts is the record of a military expedition originating from Kayalıpınar (Sivas). The school texts are lexicons found in Ugarit.

Generations’ New Violence Experience in Risk Society: Digital Violence

Hatice OĞUZ ÖZGÜRMetin ÖZKUL — 2024-08-29

In this research, starting from the reality of the risk society we live in, the phenomenon of digital violence has been examined in the generational context and descriptive results have been revealed. Based on the assumption that individuals have been exposed to, witnessed or perpetrated digital violence at any time during their intense relationship with digital in their daily lives, the relationship between this phenomenon and socialization is the focus of the research. The research has been shaped with the assumption that individuals' experiences of digital violence differ depending on generational characteristics. In the study, generational classes and some demographic characteristics are the independent variable, and the experience of digital violence is the dependent variable. The research sample consists of 500 people between the ages of 18-95 who were randomly selected by quota sampling method and voluntarily participated in the research, living in various provinces of Turkey. Findings were obtained with a structured interview form, which included questions about obtaining data about demographic characteristics, internet usage habits and digital violence experiences of individuals. The research is a quantitative method research in terms of the method adopted and the technique applied. Since the implementation phase of the research intersects with the pandemic process, most of the interviews were conducted online in order not to cause risky situations in terms of health. Since the data did not have a normal distribution, the Chi-square test was used to make sense of the relationships of the variables. Ethics committee approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Suleyman Demirel University (Decision no: 98/12 Dated: 11.11.2020). As a result of the research, it was determined that the experience of digital violence differed significantly according to the generations. As the age progresses from the Z generation to the Silent generation, the experience of digital violence decreases. In addition, it was determined that while the experience of digital violence did not differ significantly according to variables such as gender, education level, income status, it differed significantly according to marital status.

The Analysis of Duvernoy Op.176 Etude Book for Beginner’s Piano Education

Özlem ÖMÜR — 2024-08-29

This study examines 25 etudes in the book of Jean Baptiste Duvernoy "Ecole Primaire" (Elementary Studies), Op.176, used at the beginner level piano education, in terms of tonality, measurement unit, speed terms, right and left-hand technical achievements, musical expressions, and music teaching undergraduate program achievements. In this qualitative study, descriptive analysis was employed with a literature review. In the etudes, "C Major" tone and 4/4 measurement unit were used most, and a speed term with a higher tempo than Allegro was not included. Legato in the right hand and double voice and legato in the left hand were mostly used. As musical expressions, crescendo nuance was used the most. As for music teaching undergraduate program achievements, the terms of loudness were used in all etudes, and basic technical achievements were provided at a high level. According the findings; basic tonalities and measurement units were not exceeded in the etudes, the terms suitable for the beginner level and not containing high tempo were chosen as the term of speed, the most basic and necessary techniques for both hands were included, the most basic nuances were used as a musical expression, and the etudes were suitable for the achievements of the music teaching undergraduate program.

The Mystery Behind Alphonse Mucha's Works: A Comparative Analysis of Art Nouveau Artists

Gözde ÖZALTUN — 2024-08-29

The Art Nouveau movement, which was included in the process called "The Turn of the Age" in the period from the end of the 19th century to the First World War of the 20th century, laid the groundwork for the development of Contemporary Graphic Design. This movement, whose effects are also visible in architecture, interior design and industrial design, aimed to raise decorative arts to the level of fine arts by presenting a decorative style with organic, flowing and curved lines, and a style that opposes historicism. Jules Cheret and Théophile Alexandre Steinlen, important graphic artists who left their mark on the period, made great contributions to the art of graphic design with their works in Art Nouveau style. Again, the works of the famous graphic artist Alphonse Mucha, who were in the same period, were also identified with this movement, causing the period to be called "Le Style Mucha". The artist's unique style produced unprecedented works at the period through different fields of work and his perspective on art. In this context, in this study, a form-content analysis was carried out by choosing a sample from the advertisement posters of Jules Cheret, Théophile Alexandre Steinlen and Alphonse Mucha with a simple random method. As a result of the analyzes made, the difference of Alphonse Mucha's works from other artists has been tried to be revealed. In addition, the underlying characteristics of the decorative style with high emotions in his works, which left his mark on the period and caused the period to be called Le Style Mucha, and the designs he made with three different methods through abstraction, stylization and realism were investigated. Contrary to the artists of the period, it was concluded that Mucha increased the quality of his designs by successfully integrating his inspirations, interest in spiritualism, commitment to Slavic culture, and his works in different design fields.

The New Manipulation Strategy Of Global Concerns- Influencer Marketing

Büşra Fadim SARIKAYA — 2024-08-29

This article deals with the influence of Influencer marketing on the decision-making of young people aged 15 to 18. For this purpose, the example of the cosmetics industry is used, since influencer marketing is frequently used there as a marketing tool. In order to introduce the topic, the terminology of influencer marketing and youth research will first be examined. Furthermore, an analysis of the approach to decision-making is carried out with the help of the theories of Kahneman and Pierre Bourdieu. Since the mode of action of influencer marketing has been little researched so far, an empirical study is used for clarification. Both influencers and youth are interviewed. The research provides information on the extent to which young people are influenced by so-called stars from the Internet and align their actions accordingly. It also analyzes how the relevance of influencers changes as young people get older. For this purpose, the teenagers interviewed were divided into two groups- up to 15 years and over 15 years. The analysis of the interviews shows that influencer marketing does have some influence on the decision-making of teenagers. However, it must be taken into account that teenagers up to 17 years of age orient themselves much more strongly to influencers than do young people over 18 years of age. This article is produced from the doctoral thesis.

Reuse by Detaching From Vernacular Identity and Architecture: The Case of Zenginler District of Antioch

Derya SÖKMEN KÖKGökhan UŞMA — 2024-08-29

This study addresses the concept of detachment regarding the local identity and vernacular architecture from its originality by external interventions in the reuse of the old urban fabric. In this study, that the tangible and intangible heritage was not holistically evaluated in the process of transformation of the residential fabric that was in Zenginler District of Antioch. Relevant literature was reviewed. A field study was conducted based on the existing structures, documented using photographs and transformation status in the region was mapped. Cultural values that form the urban fabric of the multi-level Antakya, especially civil architecture work, have been abandoned with the lack of contemporary equipment for many years and changing family structure and lifestyle or have been exposed to unskilled interventions. In the fieldwork, the findings show that the change in the fabric has not shown a homogeneous distribution, and the change proceeded independent from the fabric. The findings also indicate that in the adaptive reuse practices selected as a conversation method in this study, both the tangible heritage and also the intangible cultural heritages have been affected negatively. In the works regarding the conservation of the historical areas, it is important to sustain the original plan layouts, architectural details and integrity of the residents and also purposes of the historical areas that enable the maintenance of the traditional lifestyle when the region is supported in social, cultural and economic aspects.

Political Advertising Campaign Management in the Age of Digital Transformation in Politics-Case Study: A Political Advertising Analysis

M. Murat YEŞİLAyşe S. ERDEMİR KARA — 2024-08-29

Political advertisements are still one of the most effective weapons of political marketing campaigns. This is evident by the fact that in both developing and established democracies the budget spent on political campaigns keeps increasing on a yearly basis. A significant amount of the campaign resources are devoted to political advertisements, and until recently the content produced for television took the lion's share. Digital transformation transformed political communication practices as all areas of communication and management. The focus of this study is the digital transformation in political advertisement practices in Turkey. In order to provide an infrastructure to the political advertising landscape in Turkey, this paper first elaborates on overlying principles of political marketing, political advertising, propaganda and public relations then delves into the current political advertising types, mediums as well as strategies integrated in political communication campaigns. Then, to introduce the shift from a primarily print-based communication media towards the digital, this paper presents a brief historical background on political advertising in Turkey and an outlook of the current legislation governing contemporary advertising practices with political content. For the case study, the hotly debated 27th Turkish Presidential Election is examined and the winning party’s political advertisement campaign was analyzed to highlight the digital transformation of political advertising in political campaign management in Turkey. The results of this study suggest that in Turkey, political campaigning in near future will dramatically shift from the traditional political campaigning to digital formats and that the campaigns will have a more Z generation oriented focus. Considering the limitations in the scope of freedom of propaganda and duration specified by the Law on the "Basic Provisions of Elections and Electoral Registers", it can be inferred that there will be an inclination towards new technology based campaigning that will be; budget and environmental friendly, do not require the purchase of a medium, hold a high interaction potential and can reach large audience segments. It is possible to state that social networks and other online service providers, which are not limited by legislation, whose impact can be measured, which enable segmentation, personalization and real-time editorial editing, and which are highly adaptable with multi-media, will be the preferred mediums of communication in the political communication landscape.

The Lives in the Hands of Destinies: Intertextuality in İkinci Katil and Tarla Kuşuydu Juliet

Dilek ZERENLER — 2024-08-29

Intertextuality in fact has been revealed in the 1960s by a French writer, Julia Kristeva, and has been extensively used in postmodern texts. The competition between drama and cinema/technology/media in polyphonic period forces playwrights to find out new ways of telling and styles to reach a new audience. In this respect, the playwrights who prefers to use intertextuality in their plays achieve to reach the reader/audience with a classic text through a different approach is the result of the movement of contemporary art. Turkish playwright Serhat Yiğit in his play, İkinci Katil and Israeli playwright Ephraim Kishon in his play Tarla Kuşuydu Juliet use intertextuality in their plays. In İkinci Katil the life of murderer is given even though he is not so important in Shakespeare’s play Macbeth. Also, the witches play an important role to foreground the psychology of humanbeing against the test of greed and power. In Tarla Kuşuydu Juliet, the playwright deals with the terrible marriage of Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare who creates love affairs within these characters in his period also exists as a character in this play to solve the problems of Romeo and Juliet. The aim of this study is to find out the reason for using intertextuality in these two plays, the effect of the main text on the produced text, and the contribution of intertextuality to contemporary drama. The method is to focus on the data of dramaturgy instruments such as the usage of language, creation of dialogue, characterization, etc. to foreground the styles of the playwrights.