Turkish Studies - Language and Literature, Year 2022 Issue Volume 17 Issue 1

Target-Oriented Translation Theory: On Georgian Translation of Miheil Javakhishvili’s Novel “Kvachi Kvachantiradze” (Madrabaz Kvachi)

Mehmet Nadir ACETMurat ÖZCAN — 2024-08-29

Translation, which has an important place in the development of societies, is a phenomenon that exists and lives with people and provides communication in all dimensions. Since translation plays a very important role in the development of society, it is necessary to create and develop language awareness in a society. The relationship of the community language with other languages is also important in this respect. Interacting in different cultures means transferring the values of that culture through translation activities and bringing them together with the mother tongue culture. It can be said that the development of translation studies depends on translation criticism. While criticisms of translation have caused some translation theories to lose their validity, some have developed to have a more valid position in the world of translation or have enabled new translation theories to be formed. E.g; The "target-oriented translation approach", which constitutes the basic infrastructure of this study, has developed from the day it was first published and has preserved its validity and even pioneered the formation of some new theories. The "target-oriented translation theory" put forward and developed by Gideon Toury was formed on the basis of the concept of "culture" underlying Even-Zohar's "polysystem theory" and took its place among the most widely accepted theories of the translation world together with the "polysystem theory". The fact that translation theories develop and push their limits through translation criticism is also considered as proof of the rapid development of translation studies. In this study, it will be determined how the sections determined from the book "Kvaçi Kvacantiradze (Madrabaz Kvaçi)" of Miheil Cavahişvili, one of the important names of 20th century Georgian literature, were transferred to Turkish in the light of Gideon Toury's target-oriented translation theory. It will be observed whether the translation is "acceptable" or "adequate" according to the target-oriented theory.

An Analysis of Fantastic Fiction in Michael Ende's “Momo”

Esma DUMANLI KADIZADEZehra EFE — 2024-08-29

The fantastic is a literary genre that a narrative the bizarre, fictional and the fantastic blurs the boundaries between the real and plausible in literature. In fantastic genre, the decision making under conflict as to whether it is real or illusory. While the fantastic genre is evaluated for real aspect as reality, the supernatural and the metapyhsical are evaluated as extraordinary indicidents. The character or hero in fantastic genre It is seen that he/she can solve a problem he/she encounters through magical objects or persons by making journeys between the real-irreal world. The hero is expected to overcome the problems, he/she encounters and experience a transformation. The Hero's Journey offers a context for understanding that significant personal growth and transformation are frequently accompanied by challenge and tension, but that the greater the difficulty, the greater the personal fulfillment and self-development. Examples of the fantastic genre can be found in world children's literature. Alice in Wonderland, The Wizard of Oz is a classic example of the genre. In this study, the German children's literature writer Michael Ende's "Momo” the context will be analzed as a fantastic genre. A content analysis which is a kind of qualitative method will be applied. The purpose of content analysis is to analyze themes, codes and words from frequently repeated facts in the collected data and to combine them within thescope of certaincodes. In the research, the codes developed by Dumanlı Kadızade and Esmer to be taken as a basis for their fantastic fiction studies were used. These codes are as follows: “Indecision, escape and distance, time and space, dreams, magical objects, journey and persons”. As a result, it can be said that all the codes that make up the fantastic fiction are included in the works and in this context, the copyrighted works named “Momo” have fantastic fiction.

An Anaylsis on Uzbek Proverbs in the Context of Kinship Concepts

Ahmet ERDEM — 2024-08-29

By conveying the one nation’s ancient culture, their experiences, view of the World and their tradition from one generation to the next generations, proverbs are the literature products. This oral literature products have role in being as a memory that allows the ancient past of the nation to be kept alive in the future. Proverbs have been admitted as an important treasure from the language of the people for centuries and they haveen been formed and revealed in people’s mind as a result of observing their life experiences by presenting and idea with a complete mastery. In analysed proverbs it is possible to see many data belong to the nation’s culture. Created by either marriages or blood tie, we can express kinship as a concept of intimacy. The depth and quantity of a kinship can Show the degree in which the culture lives in language. Since Uzbekistan is located in an area where many cultures are crossed, we can dub it as the cultural centre of Middle East and Turkish world, so it has a vital role in terms of the kinship concepts that keeps a significant pllace. In this diversity and rich cultural heritage the rich culture background of Uzbek people has been reflected in the proverbs as well. Uzbek people whose kinship ties are really strong used their kinship concepts in a very large area in both orally and written language. In this study, in which we examined the concepts of kinship in Uzbek proverbs, were explainand evaluated and the proverbs that we can identify in the context of the related concept were given as examples. Actually, Uzbek people proverbs which reveal the determinaion and the evaluations about the concepts of kinship, it gives some life lessons to the people with the concept of kinship and creates a new perspective. From this point of view, it is aimed to put human life in order. In this article, according to the subjects of Uzbek proverbs, it has been exmined under two main headings as ‘’ concepts determined by blood relationship and Uzbek proverbs’’ and ‘’ concepts determined by relationship degree by marriages and Uzbek proverbs’’. Subheadings which are also related with these two main headings have also been cretaed and detailed. Although there are many Uzbek proverbs about kinship, we thought that it would be enough to use some of them in our article and we showed a number of proverbs as examples. In our article’s introduction part we have mentioned about the description of the menaings of proverbs and notably we focused on the concepts of kinship and their places in Uzbel culture. And then we tried to express the Uzbek proverbs cretaed by kinship concepts. In this study, while examining and evaluating the proverbs about the concepts of kinship from a semantic view, we benefited from Uzbek-Folk articles (Uzbek folk proverbs) and Murat Yatagan’s master thesis of U’zbek Xalq Maqallari (Turmidow, et al,2005).

The Poet and the Night Bird in the Novel Fiction, Narrator and Narrative Techniques

Köksal GEÇER — 2024-08-29

In this article, by reminding the adventure of the novel genre from its beginning to the present, Cihan Aktaş's novel, The Poet and The Night Bird, which is one of the last links of this change story, is examined in terms of fiction, narrator and narrative techniques of the art of the novel. Before the analysis of The Poet and The Night Bird, the biography of the author, her preferences and qualifications of authorship, and the traces of these characteristics reflected in the work were mentioned. The aim of the novel is to narrate the biographies of two educated and artist women who lived in Anatolia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; however, in the novel, it has been seen that the aim and the aesthetic integrity of the novel art are preserved, and the social/ political problems and changes experienced throughout the country during this time are also discussed; the technical dimensions of the process of transforming the lives of Miss Nimet and Cevriye Bânû into a novel in a fictional integrity by making use of the biographies and memoirs throughout the two main parts of the work have been tried to be understood. It has been determined that both traditional and modern fiction, narrator and narrative techniques are used in the novel, which is fictionalized on the basis of a traditional case story. In addition, there are noteworthy narrative elements in the work: One of them is to include a multiple narrator in a historical biographical fiction. Another is the intervening narrator, who is considered a flaw in the first period Turkish novel examples, but also finds a place for himself in modernist and postmodernist novels. In the work, narration and understanding are also handled as a problem. Another remarkable element of expression is that the author meticulously included the local vocabulary of the regions where the two protagonists whose biographies were living in, into her work.

The Intertextual Motif of “Africa” in Kenzaburō Ōe’s A Personal Matter

Devrim Çetin GÜVEN — 2024-08-29

Kenzaburō Ōe’s A Personal Matter depicts the protagonist Bird’s severe identity crisis following the birth of his child with a head abnormality, which would inevitably cause the cancellation of his trip to Africa he had dreamt of making for years. He even attempts to have the baby killed in order to be able to go off to Africa to which he has always been attached with a fetishist obsession. At the end of the narrative, however, he decides to take responsibility both for the child and his life. The novel makes intense references to Africa, which infuriated Yukio Mishima who made the following highly offensive ethnocentric statement: “In world history, we, Japanese people have never been so weak to long for the barbaric vitality of underdeveloped tropical countries; hence [Ōe’s] longing for Africa must definitely be enabled by the agency of Paris, which has been greatly weakened.” In the novel, the motif of “Africa” functions as a metaphor alluding to the great decolonisation of Africa whose climax occurred in the early 1960s. The pro-imperialist Mishima criticised the novel not because he did not understand this context, but because he understood it very well and, unlike Ōe, was indifferent to the liberation of Africa. Furthermore, Ōe was inspired by some narrative motifs and especially certain anti-colonialist writing techniques developed by African, or of-African-descent writers like Tutuola, Fanon, Senghor, Wright, and Ellison. Thus, this paper analyses how Ōe consciously exposed himself to the influences of “Africa” as a comtemporary politico-historical phenomenon and that of “Négritude” literature while writing A Personal Matter, by using the theoretical works of Jean-Paul Sartre and Edward Said. We hope this paper, will contribute to Ōe studies, and inspire new research focusing on the interplay between Ōe’s oeuvre and the texts of Third World literature.

Georges Simenon's Inspector Maigret and Eating and Drinking Habits

Pınar GÜZELYÜREK ÇELİKLale ARSLAN ÖZCAN — 2024-08-29

Inspector Maigret, the protagonist of Georges Simenon’s Maigret series, which was published from the early 1930s until the 1970s when the author stopped writing, represents a typical French petty bourgeois. While creating Inspector Maigret, Simenon benefited from many cultural elements including eating and drinking habits as the French society has a unique food culture. The analysis of the Maigret series in the order of its publication reveals that the protagonist is a living character, i.e. that the reader personally witnesses his youth, adulthood and old age periods, which is also reflected in his eating and drinking habits. Simenon not only presents to the reader an example of French bourgeois society through Inspector Maigret but also acts as an ambassador introducing the eating and drinking traditions of different countries. Maigret is an employee of the Paris Police Department who had the opportunity to work in different parts of Europe and even in the United States of America. Simenon also heavily benefited from the culture of eating and drinking in order to compare different cultures. Thus, Maigret series are abound with many different dishes ranging from sandwiches eaten on foot to elaborate dinner tables. This is an indication that the protagonist actually eats the most delicious food allowed by the conditions, no matter where he is. We believe that Simenon’s Maigret series should not be described as mere crime novels and Inspector Maigret is beyond being a simple police officer. What renders Simenon’s novels unique and delicious is this exquisite protagonist fashioned with the eating and drinking culture which is an inseparable component of the French lifestyle.

The Reasons of Predominance of -mIş as a Past Perfect Tense Suffix Since the Ottoman Turkish Period

Muammer HATIPOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Language, which is most generally described as a tool that enables communication between individuals, is also a constantly changing and developing natural and living entity. This change in the language was of course not only limited to words. Over time, there have been serious changes in the grammatical structures of the language, too. In fact, this change can clearly be observed in our language which has a history dating back to ancient times and which also has interacted with the languages of many nations with the effect of geographical changes, cultural interaction and religious life. The modal suffixes used in verb conjugation have also taken their share from this change. In this article, after discussing the use of -mIş suffix and -ptUr suffix which are some of the past perfect tense suffixes in the Turkish language that is dating back to ancient times, the use of the suffix -mIş in historical dialects will be sought in order to find out why the suffix -mIş has become dominant against the suffix –ptUr. The use of the past perfect tense throughout history starting from Old Turkish, was followed in chronological order, the grammar books of these periods were examined, and case studies were included. Examples of the use of the past perfect tense in the works tahat are described as mixed language works are stated by examining them. After giving information about the use of both suffixes in dialects, information about the use of -mIş and -ptUr suffixes from the 16th century to the present is given. The first grammar book of Ottoman Turkish written in the 16th century, the use of the past perfect tense in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, and the use of the past perfect tense in the grammatical works written in the 19th century, tried to reach the conclusion.

The Role of the Context in Interpreting the Semantic of the Qur’anic Verses at Al-Qadi Abd Al-Jabbar to Defense His Kalam Doctrine

Ahmad Nor Adeen KATTAN — 2024-08-29

Context has great importance in understanding texts, discourse, speech, and knowing what the words are intended for. Thus, through context the meanings and connotations of words take shape, and by relating vocabulary to each other the meaning of these words is determined. The scholars have taken care of the context, because of the great importance of the context. That is why scholars wrote books, studies, and research in the context to find out what should be paid more attention to and to know what is meant by speech. Muslim scholars recognized the importance of context early on. Which made scholars write books on circumstances of revelation (Asbāb al-Nuzūl). Because the circumstances of revelation are one of the two parts of the context; in-situ are considered to be the external context of the verse that helps to better understand what is meant by that verse which helps to understand the meaning of that verse better. Because context is of great importance in knowing the meaning of texts, discourse and speech, for this reason, some scholars and Interpreters have relied on the context in order to interpret the Quranic verses to know what is meant. Thus, scholars of Islamic schools of thought, such as the Doctrines of Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) or ʿIlm al-Kalām (Islamic scholastic theology) have relied on the context to make the semantics of the verses in accordance with the doctrines to which they belong. This article deals with the Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar’s dependence on the context in deducing the semantics of the verses of the creed and the interpretation of these verses in accordance with his doctrine, and the opinions of linguists and Interpreters in these interpretations.

Haldun Taner and Erkin Azam’s Stylistic Features of Theatrical Works

Mehriniso KAYUMOVA — 2024-08-29

In the article, the plays of Haldun Taner and Erkin Azam, the brilliant representatives of modern Turkish and Uzbek literature, were analyzed comparatively. After giving briefinformation about the literary life of the artists, their dramatic achievements were revealed. The common features of the works were determined by comparing Haldun Taner's play "Vatan Kurtaran Şaban" (Shaban, which saved the homeland) with Erkin Azam's play "Farrosh kampirning tushi" (Cleaning Woman's Dream). The common and different aspects of dramatic works in terms of character cast, nature of characters and plot were researched. In particular, general information was given about the works that played an important role in the formation of the Uzbek and Turkish theater. In addition, in Erkin Azam's works, the flaws of the old system, the old thought in someone's mind and its results are expressed with satirical images. It reflects the life and problems of today's people in a unique way. Haldun Taner gave great importance to social change in his works. The work reflects the situation of Turkish society, which has changed in parallel with social, political and economic laws. The article looks at the paths of literary creativity of Haldun Taner and Erkin Azam, noting the breadth of their economic and political worldviews, their excellent command of several foreign languages, and their versatility as journalists. In this context, the joint works of common styles have been examined comparatively. Usually, the main content and idea of each work is embodied mainly in the image of the hero. As we have mentioned before, the heroes in Haldun Taner and Erkin Azam's plays seem to have emerged from a common content, a common idea. The image of the ongoing inner experiences in the psychology of the heroes is manifested in similar images. Especially the works of Haldun Taner and Erkin Azam reflect the bright image of the leader. In the works, the authors gradually shed light on the character traits of the image of a high-ranking person. They express the ideas they want to convey through this image. The language of the works of Haldun Taner and Erkin Azam also have many common points. Both authors have used irony extensively. We can see this in the titles of his works as well as in the names of the heroes. In the works of Erkin Azam and Haldun Taner, it is also examined that barbarism serves a more humorous feeling while illuminating the aspects of the heroic character.

Turkish Loanwords in Russian Dialects: The example of Saratov Region

Canan PAŞALIOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Language, which is the main element of the identity and culture of a nation, is divided into two as written language and spoken language. Written language can disappear over time, but spoken language can survive. Spoken languages are divided into subgroups such as dialects, accents, and slang. Dialect is older than written language, and preserves the ancient characteristics of the national language, and serves as the source of its continuous enrichment. However, written language is formed on the basis of dialect, and survives under its influence for a long time. The differences in the dialects arise in the period of ancient nations. In general, dialects make up the history of language. Most of the characteristics that are lost in a language live in dialects and contain a rich material. Dialects also preserve the cultural treasures of a nation. The Saratov Region, which is located on the lands of Idil (Volga), is an area where various Turkish communities and Russians lived together for centuries. In geographical terms, Saratov is located in the south-eastern part of the European side of Russia, in the north of the Lower İdil (Volga) Basin. The oldest name of the city of Saratov is known as Yellow Tau. ‘Tau’ means ‘mountain’ in Turkic languages and has been preserved in the form of Saratov until today. In the present study, the history of the Saratov Region, whose name has a Turkic origin, will be given; and as a result of the compiled studies, the words with a Turkish origin will be determined in the dialects of the Saratov Region. In this context, the purpose is to uncover the words of Turkic origin in the dialects of the Saratov Region of Russia, and thus, to contribute to the Turkish scientific world.

The Implications of Quality Assurance Function in CAT Tools for Translator Training

Caner ÇETİNER — 2024-08-29

Translators need to submit their translation projects after getting them controlled as per the requirements imposed by the relevant quality standards while translation volumes are increasing and turn-around times are getting shorter in today’s setting. This being the case, Computer-Aided Translation (CAT) tools, which are also known as Translator’s Workbench, have become an integral part of most translation projects. Implications of this are seen in the qualifications required from translators. The professional translation industry seeks candidates that are knowledgeable about translation technologies, open to digital developments and that can use these developments during the translation process. As being institutions where the translation is taught at an institutional level, translation departments are playing a significant role in transferring these qualifications to translation students. The professional translation industry attaches importance to compliance to professional quality standards including ISO 17100, EN 15038, LISA QA and SAE J2450 and maintaining translation workflow as per these standards. Furthermore, the translation industry uses linguistic quality assessment tools including TAUS Dynamic Quality Framework and Multidimensional Quality Metrics. Computer-Aided Tools present two functions including instant quality checks and linguistic quality assessment features. The relevant literature shows that the scope of these features is limited compared to the above-mentioned professional quality standards and these features consider translation, not a process but a product. However, it is thought that teaching these functions to translation students who have not jumped into professional life yet is an important step towards reaching professional standards. For this reason, this study aims to touch on the Quality Assurance (QA) checks provided by CAT tools and investigate the implications of these functions for translator training.

Understanding the Nature-Human Relationship: Ecologism and Its Traces in Literature

Fethi DEMİRNahide Ece SÜSLÜ — 2024-08-29

The term “World Literature” (Weltliteratur) formulated by Goethe to define national literatures as a whole has reached a certain level of maturity; however, it undergoes a metamorphosis when the developments of the last century are considered. Today, it is necessary to use the concept of “Global Literature” instead of “World Literature”, as literature is an international cultural and artistic area in many perspectives. A crucial issue of Global Literature is undoubtedly ecology; specifically, ecological problems such as environmental pollution caused by globalization, deformation of organic life, climate change, epidemics, earthquakes, floods and disasters reflected in literature. In particular, the acceleration of industrialization in the last two centuries, followed by technological development and digital inventions, has paradoxically left humans alone with the dichotomy of disaster because human has both progressed and consumed nature.. As a philosophical and literary respond to ongoing ecological crisis, ecocriticism, in its broadest definition, is an interdisciplinary theoretical approach to cultural texts examining the relationship between humans and the physical environment. In this paper, some basic concepts of ecocriticism, namely anthropocentrism, ecophobia, animals and plants, eco-ethics, apocalypse, cyborg, metaverse, transhuman, Gaia, bioregionalism, transhumanism, posthumanism, are scrutunized referring to texts selected from both Turkish and World Literature. Ecologism has a very wide range of new values, including economics, politics, science, literature, and cinema. This paper contributes to the studies of these concepts, increasing the importance of science, culture and art in this field.

An Inward Journey in Ahmet Haşim's Frankfurt Seyahatnamesi

Caner SOLAK — 2024-08-29

In this study, Ahmet Haşim's Frankfurt Seyahatname will be evaluated within the scope of travel literature. Many articles have been written on this work since its publication. The common point in these articles is that the text of this travelogue, which is expected to be dominated by observations about the outside world, mostly tells about a journey made towards the inner world of the poet. For travelogue texts, it can be said that the traveler re-presents what he sees and hears through his sight and hearing organs to his readers. In other words, we can talk about a journey from what is seen to what is looked, from what is looked to what is wanted to be shown or told, and from what is told to the reader's reception. These transfer and re-presentation processes provide us with many possibilities of interpretation about the traveler himself as well as what he looks at. The traveler sets out to find things that will surprise him. What will surprise him is entirely up to the viewer. In this study, Frankfurt Seyahatnamesi, which is an artistic example of the travel book genre, which is very related to the act of gazing and description; perspective, marvelous, other and introspection were evaluated under the headings. After drawing a theoretical framework on the act of looking, the definition of the marvelous according to Ahmet Haşim and the ones that were marvelous and those who did not come to him in the new geography he went to were emphasized. After interpreting what the traveler focuses on in the outside world as a mirror in which his desires and deprivations are reflected, the traveler's orientation within himself in parallel with his journey in the physical world has been evaluated as an opportunity for introspection.

The Effects of Model United Nations Conferences on English Language Learners' Speaking Anxiety and Attitude

Anıl İPEKÇİSelim Soner SÜTÇÜ — 2024-08-29

Model United Nations (MUN) conferences are educational activities in which students simulate United Nations meetings. During these meetings secondary school, high school and university students represent the countries assigned to them in the relevant UN committees and discuss world affairs in sessions simulating UN meetings. While at the beginning MUN conferences were held at universities in the departments of international affairs, political science and law, today its popularity has increased and students from various disciplines attend MUN conferences to develop their language skills along with many other 21st-century skills such as teamwork, critical thinking, creative thinking, problem solving and public speaking skills. Language learners often experience anxiety when learning a new language. A negative correlation between foreign language learning and anxiety has often been reported and this can be an impediment especially when developing listening skill. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore whether MUN conferences could reduce language learners’ speaking anxiety and contribute to their attitudes towards English. The study was conducted in “YUKOMUN -Yükselen College Model United Nations" conference organized by Yükselen College during the 2020-2021 academic year with the participation of 33 students. Before starting the research, necessary approvals were obtained. Ethics committee approval was received from Başkent University Ethics Committee on 24.11.2020, No. 17162298.600-461. In this research, “single group pretest posttest quasi-experimental design without control group, which is one of the experimental models, was used. The results indicated that MUN conference serve as an experiential learning platform by enabling students to observe their experiences and to turn these observations into new experiences, decisions and skills. Hence it was found that the English speaking anxiety of the students who attended the MUN conferences decreased significantly and their attitudes towards language learning increased positively.

An Analysis of Çeviribilimin Paradigmaları III Çeviri Seçkisi Within the Frame of Justa Holz- Mänttäri’s Translational Action Theory

Yeşim ZENGİN TANZeynep ARKAN — 2024-08-29

Functional theories of translation which emerged in the 1970s and 1980s brought a breath of fresh air to Translation Studies. One of the theorists who contributed to functional theories of translation is Justa Holz-Mänttäri with her translational action theory. This study aims to analyze the work called Çeviribilimin Paradigmaları III Çeviri Seçkisi which is a compilation book consisting of articles on the field of translation studies, within the framework of Justa Holz-Mänttäri's theory. In this context, the purpose of the translation process and the players involved in the translation process in the relevant work were examined. This study is based on the qualitative research method based on the interpretative paradigm. In this article, which is a literature study, data were collected by document analysis technique. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive analysis method. As a result of the data examined in the light of the translational action theory, the findings regarding the purpose of the translation process in the relevant book were determined. In addition, it has been understood that the translation process has six players which are the initiator, the commissioner, the ST producer, the TT producer, the TT user, and the TT receiver. After all, it has been determined that some players found in the translation process of the book, which is the subject of the study, assumed the role of more than one player. In addition to all these, it has been understood that there are some of the translators’ responsibilities during the translation process of the relevant book. When the findings determined within the scope of this study were evaluated, it was concluded that the findings obtained match up with the views of Holz-Mänttäri mentioned in her theory. As a result of the literature research, when the studies conducted in Turkey in the field of translation studies are examined, it is noteworthy that the number of studies on the translational action theory is few. In this context, it is believed that the increase in studies based on this theory will contribute to the field. In addition, it is thought that examining the translation processes of texts such as drug package inserts, user guides and technical instructions within the framework of Holz-Mänttäri's translational action theory will contribute to the field.

On the Vocabulary Pertaining to Colloquial Language Used in the “Thousands of Bullock Carts” Story Book of Fakir Baykurt

Firdevs Temizel AKAR — 2024-08-29

Vernaculars of Turkish of Turkey being the successor of Oghuz language which is a branch of Western Turkish, that are used in different regions of the country as in all the languages, and that differ from the standard language in terms of phonetics and vocabulary, have arose. Extensive studies have been conducted by many local and foreign researchers on Anatolian and Rumelian vernaculars being the vernaculars of Turkish of Turkey. In this article which was prepared in order to contribute to such studies, it was urged upon the vocabulary pertaining to Anatolian vernaculars that we determined in the “Thousands of Bullock Carts” story book of Fakir Baykurt. The materials regarding Anatolian vernaculars were indexed as headings. It was revealed whether such headings were referred in the compilation dictionary, survey dictionary and current Turkish dictionary or not. The sentences in which such vocabularies were used were determined with page numbers and they were enclosed as examples at the end of the description regarding the material. It was also added in the headings in which regions/cities of Anatolia the elements, pertaining to Anatolian vernaculars in the book, are being used. In the study the elements not being present in any of the aforementioned vocabularies were also determined, and these words were interpreted by us as per the relevant context. In this study, the aim is to draw attention to the possibility of having vocabulary elements of Anatolian vernaculars in a literary wok in addition to vocabulary elements of vernaculars determined and compiled by field vernacular researches, and to contribute to the referred dictionaries by trying to have the elements, not being present in the aforementioned dictionaries, included in such dictionaries.

Investigation of Fables in Terms of Suitability for Developmental Bibliotherapy Applicable in Turkish and Literature Lessons

Zeynep Ezgi UYSALMustafa Volkan COŞKUN — 2024-08-29

Bibliotherapy, which can be defined as choosing the right books for the problems of individuals or groups, and conducting guided (counselor, teacher, parent, etc.) and purposeful reading activities to prevent and/or solve the problem identified in the axis of these books; Although it came to the fore as a technical term in the early 1900s, its roots go back much earlier, and it was applied in clinics only by professionals in the first years; Due to its preventive and mitigating effects, it is one of the behavior-regulating (preventive, mitigating, analytic) methods that can be used in educational environments, especially in Turkish and literature courses -due to its nature- in recent years. When the literature is examined, no study has been found that examines the fables of Aesop and La Fontaine (La Fonten) in terms of developmental bibliotherapy and associates developmental bibliotherapy with Turkish and literature lessons. The main purpose of the study is "Can fables covered in Turkish and literature courses be used as a reading tool in developmental bibliotherapy practices?" poses a question. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach, the data were collected by document analysis technique and evaluated with descriptive analysis. Within the scope of the research, a total of thirty fables, fifteen by Aesop and fifteen by La Fontaine (La Fonten), were examined in depth in line with the method of finding the core developed by Coşkun and Çetin (2016); The extracts (along with personal and social inferences) created by this method were associated with the bibliotherapeutic elements in the thematic framework created by scanning the literature, these were discussed and evaluated in terms of their characteristics, and suggestions were made on the subject. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that fables can be used as a preventive or analytical tool as a developmental bibliotherapy within the scope of Turkish and literature courses. The word "individual" used in the study -depending on the scope- was handled more like a description of students.

Paradigmatic Memory: Recall with Sounds as a Way of Knowing

Nurfer TERCANGulzhikhan NURYSHEVA — 2024-08-29

The researcher investigates the objective basis of art as knowledge of truth and determines art as a reflection of existence. The definition of theoretical art is that it is essentially the result of a deductive method that studies the relationship between cause and effect, from the foundations of being to the foundations of cognition. This article examines sound waves, vibration, causality, space, and the first principles of motion in a comprehensive sense within the interdisciplinary context of music philosophy. Al-Fārābī’s Kitab Al Musiqa Al Kabir is a 10th century paradigm-shifting work that solves the fundamental methodological problems of science and art. This treatise of Al-Fārābī is a systematic compilation with its logical and axiological aspects. The first part is devoted to the general methodological and historical state of the discipline and topics such as mind perception, behavior, and sensory effects; second, it deals with the criteria and laws of the aesthetic evaluation of music with multidisciplinary solutions. Through study of the unified terminology of music theory, this article seeks to establish a scientific knowledge system that extends to different special interests and complements a range of subject area. Due to his deep-rooted scientific knowledge of the philosophy of music, Al-Farabi's philosophy and 'The Great Book of Music' is targeted as a research topic as it is the most comprehensive treatise examining other scientific disciplines related to music in a multidisciplinary manner. Our aim is also to reveal the contribution of the philosopher-musician to the history of philosophical research in music theory.

Instances of Hate Discourse in Turkish and English

Ozan Deniz YALÇINKAYA — 2024-08-29

Language, regarded as a social practice, has a social function by providing communication among people. Just as society shapes language over time, language also shapes society with complex discourse conventions and practices. The use of language in the family, work, school, and similar social areas creates a unique social perception and communication. In addition to the positive consequences of this perception, there may also be unacceptable consequences. Hate speech is also an issue that can be evaluated in this context. A highly debated topic, hate speech portrays a rising momentum in traditional and digital media. Studies on the subject are mostly limited to political discourse. From a linguistic perspective, little attention has been paid to the pragmatics of discourse, and little attention has been given so far. This paper attempts to reveal some features of verbal expressions in terms of overt and covert hate speech by applying the principles and devices of Critical Discourse Analysis, Pragmatics and Semantics. The research elucidates discriminatory discourses such as racist, sexist, xenophobic, and anti-religious in Turkish and English. Hate speech harms social peace, advocates hatred and violence, provokes and encourages people, focuses on discrimination against a person or a group. The study attempts to provide information and instances regarding biased expressions and intolerance, pejoratives, derogatory phrases, insults, slurs, stereotypes and more that make up linguistic discrimination. The study provides examples of usages in both languages regarding prejudiced, intolerant, humiliating, insulting, defamatory, and similar hate speeches. As the analysis findings revealed, raising awareness by avoiding such discourses in daily dialogues has an essential role in combating various hate speeches in many fields. In this context, further examination of hate speech, determination and definition of linguistic criteria will facilitate the detection of this issue in many platforms and prevent it. As a result of this study, it is expected that further analysis of those discourses will contribute to identifying and defining formal linguistic criteria, and it will facilitate the identification of hate speech in public discourse on many platforms.