Turkish Studies - International, Year 2020 Issue Volume 15 Issue 2

Facebook Use Of Politicians As A Persuasion Media: Istanbul Local Election On 23th. Of June 2019

Tuğba AKDAL — 2026-07-16

For political parties and politicians, who want to govern the society, introducing themselves and their ideas to constituents as to convince them that they are the best alternative has become the most important element of politics as to be chosen together with existence of democratic governance. Interaction feature of social media provides politicians with countless alternatives to communicate with constituents as to tell and persuade them about themselves and their intentions. In the study, it was aimed to evaluate the posts shared by Binali Yıldırım, the candidate of the Republic Alliance consisting of the Justice and Development Party and the Nationalist Movement Party and the posts shared by Ekrem İmamoğlu, the candidate of the Nation alliance consisting of the Republican People's Party and the IYI Party between 16-23 June 2019 for the local elections of Istanbul on 23 June 2019, within their political communication campaigns through their personal accounts on Facebook. According to the data obtained as a result of the analysis made in this study, both candidates concentrated more on the content such as photos and videos in their Facebook posts rather than long timeline texts. According to the FAGEO assessment conducted in the study, despite Binali Yıldırım had fewer followers than Ekrem İmamoğlu, he was more successful than Ekrem İmamoğlu with respect to the interaction rate. However, despite the fact that Ekrem İmamoğlu had more reach due to the greater number of followers when compared to that of Binali Yıldırım, he was unable to reflect this superiority of the number of followers to the rate of reach at the same rate. In the light of these findings, it can be stated that the increase in the number of Facebook followers affects the increase in the rate of exposure of the relevant followers to the message in the news feed; and this increases the potential for reach and, accordingly, interaction.

Roles of Media in Formation of Collective Memory: An Examination on 28 February News

Mahmut AKGÜLFatma Betül GÖRÜCÜ — 2026-07-16

: Just like the memory of individuals, societies, also, have memory. The past event, which has an impact on human beings and is transferred from generation to generation by ritual, ceremony, icon or different communication methods, is presented to the society after experiencing a number of changes. A selected part of the past event, which is not transferred by pure purity, is sometimes transferred, sometimes ignored, and sometimes reconstructed according to the conjuncture. Today, media has taken an important duty of reminding the past event most efficiently to great populations. In other words, the consciousnesses have been influenced by the media's agenda, regardless of whether they are in the face of or with the ideology shaped by the media. When we consider the functions of the media promising freedom and fulfillment, it is clear that it will recall the past which has an undeniable power in guiding the society within the framework of the ideology of the master. In this study, it is examined how the events experienced in the period of February 28, which had a profound impact on the society, were reminded to the society and what kind of public opinion was tried to be created from 1998 up today by the newspapers. In this context, it is aimed to put forward the postmodern coup of February 28 on on the agenda of the two newspapers have different ideologies and their discourses that changed during the 21 year period. News texts were analyzed through critical discourse analysis. The conclusion of the study was that the event was being reoccurring on the anniversary of February 28, in various context in line with the newapapers ideology and requirements.

Comparison of Attention Levels According to Sport Status and Age Category in Students

Hüseyin ASLANYener AKSOY , Osman İMAMOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to compare the attention levels according to gender, sporting status and age category in 10-15 year old students. A total of 216 students (100 girls and 116 boys) aged between 10-15 years were included in the study. Student's t-test was used for paired categorical comparisons between groups, and one-way ANOVA and LSD tests were performed for age category. In comparison of D2 attention test scores according to gender, there was a statistically significant difference between psychomotor speed, selective attention level, concentration performance and total test performance scores (p <0.05). On the other hand, the difference between special learning disability test scores was insignificant (p> 0.05). In comparison of D2 Attention test scores according to age variable, there was a statistically significant difference between psychomotor speed, selective attention level, concentration performance, special learning incompetence and total Test Performance scores (p <0.05 and p <0.001). In comparison of the D2 Attention test scores between the sports and non-sports, a statistically significant difference was found between psychomotor speed, selective attention level, concentration performance, specific learning disability and total Test Performance scores (p <0.05 and p <0.001). Conclusion: Psychomotor speed scores, concentration performance and total test performance of female students were found higher than male students and selective attention level was found lower. Attention test scores of the 14-15 age group were found to be better than the first group (10-11 years) and the second group (12-13 years). Attention test scores of the older ones are expected to be found better. The total number of marked figures processed in girls is higher than boys. In other words, psychomotor speed is better in boys than in boys. On the other hand, the number of figures skipped figured is lower in girls than in boys. Selective attention level is lower in boys than in girls. D2 attention test scores of students doing sports are higher than those who do not actively exercise. It is thought that it may increase the attention levels of students who do not actively do sports by directing them to sports activities. It is recommended that children are physically encouraged to be more active.

Georg Simmel’s Concept of the Stranger and Effects on Ahlat Ağacı’s Main Character

Janet BARIŞ — 2026-07-16

Georg Simmel treats the individual as socialized in urban life. He points out to the side of society that prioritizes the interrelationships between people and argues that human beings are too intertwined in the process that there is no external existence. Simmel separates and conceptualizes people into specific, social types and “stranger” is one of them. According to Simmel ‘stranger’ is very important social type in urban life. It is both close and distant and takes place within the group in a unique way of interaction. Nuri Bilge Ceylan's last movie called Ahlat Ağacı and the main character Sinan is very familiar the social type of “stranger” which described by Georg Simmel. There are areas in the social structure that Sinan is both inside and outside. Sinan was out of the picture, both close and far away, and he found it hard to give meaning to his own existence. In the social type of “stranger” concept of Simmel, the existence of the subject and its identity are based on ambiguity. The aim of the article is to try to explain the character of Sinan with the social type of Simmel’s ‘stranger’ and to try to explain how familiar and foreign the character with this concept in society.

One of the Latest Rings of the Ottoman Advicebook Tradition: Mehmed Necmeddin's Versed Advicebook Pend-i Necmeddin

Mustafa Yasin BAŞÇETİNYasemin KOLCU — 2026-07-16

Since the beginning of history, people have made various recommendations to educate the society and future generations, to guide them to the good and the right, and to show them the ways to live happily and peacefully. This process, which is experienced similarly in almost every society and nation, continued with the use of literature in education. In the tradition of Diwan literature, it is more important to say how it is said than what is said, but in terms of how-to-say, which is a kind written out of this understanding, the word itself is much more important than how it is said. Advicebooks were written to teach and educate many different types of people such as sultans, viziers, children and youth as an individual suitable for the goals and ideals of the society. The Quran, hadiths, proverbs, idioms are considered as moral works containing indirect advice. The existence of these works is also an indication of the opinion of advice in every area of society. Advicebooks are the types of that agreement reflected in literature. Many suggestions have been written in Diwan literature with various verse forms as poetry and prose. The verse-penned work named Pend-i Necmeddin, written in Turkish by Mehmed Necmeddin Efendi in the XIX. century is one of the last examples of that tradition. In terms of the fact that it is a work directly related to the advice tradition and the social structure, and at the same time to follow the social change, the elements of the social structure and the elements of advice are extremely important. In this study, information was given about the advicebook tradition and the life of Mehmed Necmeddin Efendi from the Diwan. After examining the shape and thematic analysis of the 905 couplet advicebook, which was written between the 10b-39a leaves of the manuscript in the National Library 06 Mil Yz A 9248, the transcription text was given in the last section. Mehmed Necmeddin Efendi and the content of his work, which has not been previously examined in Turkish literature, has been introduced to today's reader.

“Bone” as the Underlying Subject for Nobility in Koreans and Turks

Murat BAYARYasin Gurur SEV — 2026-07-16

In Silla (668-935), i.e. the first kingdom to unite the Korean Peninsula under a single roof, within the bone-rank system [kol-p’um] that discriminates the nobles from commoners, and among the nobles the dynasty from bureaucracy, “bone” manifests itself as the underlying subject of nobility. According to this bone-rank system, those who were born a “sacred bone” [sŏng-gol] consisted the highest stratum, those who were born a “true bone” [chin-gol] were of the second rank. Kings and queens were supposed to belong to the sacred bone caste. The relatives of the dynasty and the ministers constituted the true bone caste. And below them, and above the commoners [p’yŏng-min], there were the “head rank” [tu-p’um] caste that consisted of six levels. In like manner, white bone-dark bone dichotomy determines who is noble and who is not in Turks and in Genghis Khan Empire, i.e., nobility is an attribute of bone regarding being white or not. For in Turks and Genghis Han Empire, “white bone” signifies nobles; whereas “dark bone” signifies commoners. This remarkable similarity is a sign that the Turks and the Koreans have more in common, along with nomadism, the monotheistic belief in the God of Heaven(s) (i.e. Blue Sky or Tengri) and Altay language. This humble work aims at grounding this point mentioned

An Investigation on Hasan Sezai Dervish Convent in Edirne

Esin BENİANArif Mısırlı — 2026-07-16

The dervish convent which is an indication of the religious order and mystical life is a product of architecture. They are at the forefront of the religious order buildings in their period, where social unity and solidarity are ensured and different actions such as accommodation, conversation and ceremonies are carried out. One of these dervish convents is Hasan Sezai convent located in Edirne, which has been the capital of the Ottoman Empire for almost a century. This convent is in the form of a complex consisting of a mosque, two tombs, a fountain, a shadervan fountain and a burial ground. The aim of this study is to reveal the current architectural features of the mosque, which has been reconstructed in 2015, in addition to the restored tombs and shadervan fountain. Within the scope of this study, based on the literature research and field survey, the life of Hasan Sezai Efendi and the establishment of the dervish convent with its burial ground, shadervan fountain and tombs of the dervishes has been briefly discussed and the architectural features of the mosque were examined in detail. In the conclusion, the dervish convent was ezamined in terms of the buildings it contains; on the other hand, the mosque was discussed based on its function, cover coat style, cover coat technique and ornamentation features, and partly similar buildings of the period were revealed. As a result, many dervish convents were established by the religious orders that became widespread during the Ottoman Period. Hasan Sezai Dervish Convent, one of these dervish convents, has an important place in Edirne’s cultural and mystical life. The Dervish Convent represented the branch of the Halveti-Gülşeni religious order, which was established by Hasan Sezai Efendi and called ‘Sezaiyye’ in proportion to Sezai. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Sezaiyye was the branch representing the Gülşeni religious order in Edirne. Hasan Sezai Dervish Convent shows properties of a complex and the mosque in the Hasan Sezai Dervish Convent functions as a tevithane. Moreoever, the Hasan Sezai Mosque varries from classical mosques which are square or rectengular planned and hipped roofed or domed. These features show the importance of Hasan Sezai Dervish Convent and Hasan Sezai Mosque.

A Few Words on Tetramorphic Figures Seen in the Ornaments of Portal in Medieval Art

Yunus BERKLİ — 2026-07-16

The door, in its singular sense, is the connection element between interior and exterior. It is a formation that is placed inside the wall and has a rectangular form due to its general characteristics. The rectangular form that cuts the architectural structure vertically, while creating the door definition, also has a holistic effect with various complementary form elements. These can be round or pointed arches or they can be created with muqarnas and geometric forms. The crown door in architecture is a stand-alone structure and essentially representative form above normal wall criteria. Decoration and ornamentation elements on Taçkapı floors refer to an iconographically qualitative repertoire. Tetramorphic animals, animal form and God-Human figure compositions are also encountered in Christian art in a symbolic language. In the crown gate arrangements of Romanesque architecture, mythological figures such as lion, griffon and dragons are reflected in Christian art, but often no explanation can be given about what Asian themes mean. The iconographic forms in the form of animals or plants, which have especially penetrated into the medieval art, are closer to the dictionary of forms that come to the West with Buddhist, Seljuk and pre-art. Oriental motifs were not imbued as purely ornamental elements, the artists of the period showed that they had unlimited imagination in this sense. The formal dictionary of Western art, in particular, is fused with the products offered by the eastern world, elements from the human figure, plant and animal world, are similar to their imaginary or mythological descriptions. The text of the article is to try to explain how the formal features of these elements seen in eastern and western art are compared with their iconographic dimension from a theoretical perspective.

Pre-Service Teachers’ Opinions and Perceptions of Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants

Özge CEYLANÜnsal Umdu TOPSAKAL — 2026-07-16

Ethnobotanics is the science of human interaction with plants. The aim of this research is to determine the opinions and perceptions of prospective teachers towards ethnobotanical and medicinal plants. Research was conducted in 2014-15 academic year, the education faculties in Turkey. The data were obtained from 96 (61 women, 30 men) pre-service primary class teachers and science teacher. In the research carried out using the descriptive method, the data were collected in two stages. In the first step, a questionnaire consisting of 7 open-ended questions was prepared by the researchers and given to prospective teachers. In the second step, semi-structured interviews were held with 10 pre-service teachers in order to examine their views and perceptions in this regard in more detail. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The information about the prospective teachers' ethnobotanical, medicinal plants and their usage, sources of such information are analyzed and summarized in the findings section. According to the findings of the study, preservice teachers knew that ethnobotany was a science, but they could not define it correctly. In addition, information sources have often been their families. In their daily lives, they used the plants for various purposes (such as food, furniture, toys). In the case of disease, they stated that the plants consumed every part of the plant in the form of tea for drug purposes. It is a remarkable finding that the audiovisual media have an important place in terms of giving information about the medicinal plants and explaining their usage. In addition, pre-service teachers are aware that they should be careful when using such plants. In order to transfer ethnobotanical science to future generations and to attract students' attention, it is considered necessary and recommended to enter this subject in the curriculum.

Malpractice Tendency of Nursing Students at a Public University

Yadigar ÇEVİK DURMAZRunida DOĞAN — 2026-07-16

This is a descriptive study conducted to determine medical malpractice tendencies of nursing students. The target of the research was composed of 2nd grade, 3rd grade and 4th grade students of a public university nursing department, and the sample of the study was 322 volunteer students who participated in the research. The research data were collected between 1 and 30 January 2018. A Personal Information Form and the Malpractice Tendency Scale were used to collect the data. Collected data were then analyzed using percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests. This study also reported by following one the clinical practice guidelines of ‘agree’ (See Supplementary File 1).It was determined that nursing students’ average score from Malpractice Tendency Scale was found as 195.7 ± 24.5 and their tendency to make medical errors was found as low. It was determined that the sub-dimension that nursing students had the least error tendency among the sub-dimensions of the Malpractice Tendency Scale was “drug and transfusion applications”, and the sub-dimension they had the most error tendency was “falls”. The malpractice tendency of female students was lower than that of male students and the tendency to malpractice decreases as the level of satisfaction with the profession increases (p˂0.05). It has been observed that nursing students have a low tendency to malpractice. In addition, it was suggested that these issues should be reviewed in relation to patient safety and medical errors in the curriculum, as students' tendency to 'falls' is higher.

Difficulties in Teaching Reading and Writing to Student with İntellectual Disability and Developed Strategies About This Issue

Kısmet DELİVELİ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study by referring to the opinions of teachers working in primary school, while they face while teaching literacy to the students with intellectual disabilities is to determine the strategies they have developed in solving the problems. For this purpose, a qualitative research approach of phenomenological research methods was used. In the creation of the study group, the criterion sampling method from purposeful sampling methods was used and 13 teachers who had mentally disabled students were reached. The data was obtained through a semi-structured interview form and the classroom teachers who voluntarily supported the research during the interviews were asked to answer 6 open-ended questions in the interview form. In order to provide the validity and reliability criteria sought in qualitative research, credibility, consistency, transferability and confirmability criteria were taken into consideration. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive analysis techniques. Participants' views are combined into common themes, while excerpts from participants' views are presented. The findings of the research were evaluated in four themes: 'the approach teachers adopted during the process of reading and writing, the problems they faced, the strategies they applied and the suggestions they developed’. Inthe present study, it is understood that all of the teachers adopt a student-oriented approach to conduct reading-writing activities, and take the needs of the students with mental disabilities into account. The teachers that focus on the adequacies of the students rather than their inadequacies while conducting reading-writing activities are observed to prefer such practices as the ones that are based on individual differences. That is already understood from the different practices conducted by the teachers ‘while selecting methods, using tools-materials, and arranging activities.

Improving Listening Comprehension Test for Different Types Texts

Bahar DOĞAN KAHTALIİlhan ERDEM — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to develop valid and reliable measurement tools to measure the comprehension skills of middle school seventh grade students in different text types. In the test development process, in accordance with a previously prepared table of specifications; a pool was created at different levels and question types. Before the test was applied, expert opinions were taken and a pilot study was conducted with five students. The draft achievement test prepared in the poetry genre was applied to184 students, the test in the narrative genre was applied to 212 students and the achievement test prepared in the informative text genre was applied to 197 students. The data were analyzed by TAP. In order to test the validity of multiple choice and right and wrong type questions, the difficulty and discrimination levels of each question were determined and some questions were excluded from the tests. Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR 20) value was examined for the reliability of multiple choice and right and wrong type items. Answer keys of open-ended questions were prepared in accordance with detailed scoring. Apart from the researcher, two field experts examined 50 data for each test with open-ended questions according to the answer key. In order to determine the consistency among raters, intra-cluster correlation analysis (IRB) was performed using SPSS. There are 14 items, 6 multiple choice, 3 right-wrong type and 5 open-ended, in the valid and reliable final form of the poetry achievement test. There are 14 items, 11 multiple choice and 3 open-ended, valid and reliable final test of the narrative text type achievement test. There are 14 items in the current and reliable final form of the informative text type achievement test, 8 multiple choice, 3 right-wrong type and 3 open-ended.

Masculinity(Ies) in Digital Culture: A Content Analysis On #Masculinity (#Erkeklik) in Instagram

Aslı ELGÜN — 2026-07-16

Instagram, with its ever-increasing number of users, is a social network that carries the digital culture in which the parameters of daily life are readjusted. Users voice and spread their thoughts, view-points, judgements, and attitudes on this social platform via visual posts and captions, tags, and comments that support these posts. This study aims to understand, detect, and assess the means by which the posts classified under hashtags (#) related to masculinity on Instagram represent the different types of masculinity, and categorize the types of users. In accordance with this aim, the types of users with posts (n=878) classified under the masculinity hashtag have been categorized and the visual and textual contents of the posts have been explained. The emerging themes have then been compared to literature. Eight user types (Personal Accounts, Anonymous Accounts, Promotional Accounts, Announcement/Informative Accounts, Accounts of Civil Society Initiatives, Accounts Sharing Religious Teachings, and Online Publishing Accounts) have been identified as a result of the study. The thematic analysis done on the visual and textual content has produced four main themes, these being: The properties and qualities of dominant types of masculinity, the properties and qualities of critical masculinity, the properties and qualities of feminism and women’s rights, and other. These four main themes have then been described and explained with a total of 24 sub-themes. The study has reached the conclusion that the properties and qualities by which the masculinity on Instagram positions masculinity are similar to those of common culture. However, it has discovered that critical types of masculinity and feminist discourses that are critical of dominant masculinity have found spaces for themselves in the digital field. In this light, Instagram seems to be a candidate for a place that allows the criticism of dominant masculinity, and where voices that cannot find a place to be heard in traditional modes of communication can find their places.

Different Space Organization In The Square Baldachin Single-Domed Mosques Of Architect Sinan

Alev ERARSLAN — 2026-07-16

The Ottoman Empire’s Master Architect (Mimar) Sinan produced close to 400 works of different types, including mosques, hammams or bath-houses, madrasahs, masjids (prayer rooms), khans (inns), caravanserais, hospitals (darüşşifa), imarets, guest houses (tabhane), Koranic schools (darülkurra), primary schools (sıbyan mektebi), waterways, lodges (tekke), fountains and palaces. The works of Mimar Sinan that he attached great importance to and produced the greatest in number were mosques. Sinan built mosques at different locations throughout the Empire, particularly in the capital city of Istanbul but he never used the same layout plan in any of these, never repeated himself, choosing instead to experiment continuously with different schemes. The dome is the fundamental building element that Sinan uses in his mosques. The dome is the principal component that determines the plan of the mosque, where it appears as an architectural feature that dominates the entire inner space as well as the outer plastic form. The dome is also a symbolic element that defines the city silhouette, standing at the center of the structure, becoming a significant part of the architectural landscape. With his mosques, Sinan has given the tradition of the domed structure a new identity and has developed a distinctive architectural style. The principal structural element that Sinan employed in his mosques was the dome. The construct of Sinan’s mosque plans determined the structural characteristics that would constitute his domes. Mimar Sinan used use of multiple-support systems such as 4, 6 and 8-baldachins in his dome structures, planning the layouts of his domed structures around the framework of these systems. In this article, we will attempt to examine five of Mimar Sinan’s square baldachin, single-dome mosques (Edirnekapı Mihrimah Sultan, Eyüp Zal Mahmut Pasha, Lüleburgaz Sokullu Mehmet Pasha, Fatih Bali Pasha and Manisa Muradiye) in an effort to offer an analysis on the organization of the domed principal and auxiliary spaces in these structures.

Evaluatıon of Teachers' Shares on Mathematics Education Theories and Activity Design Criteria

Elif ERTEM AKBAŞ — 2026-07-16

In today's education systems, the educational situations in which students are active become important. Various mathematics education theories can be used in such teaching environments. Whereas, when the concepts such as mathematics education theories and scientific process skills learned in education lessons are adapted to the application stage in another course area, we can see that teachers experience various difficulties. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the mathematics education theories used in the design of a student-centered activity from the point of view of mathematics teachers, the benefits of these theories and their sharing about the criteria of activity design. Case study, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The study group consists of 7 (5 females, 2 males) mathematics teachers who have master's education in mathematics education program and are teachers in MEB. The working group has been determined with the purposeful sampling method within the scope of easy sampling. Content analysis technique was used to analyze the data obtained through semi-structured interviews and voice recording. The findings were gathered in three main categories within the scope of the interview questions. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that mathematics teachers have theoretically similar and general knowledge about mathematics education theories and in the design of the activity, they pay attention to the features and suitability of the teaching environment rather than the necessary stages of the activities. Within the scope of the results, it is recommended to present the necessary opportunities by taking the opinions of teachers about the change and development required in the practice in line with the relation of the activity design criteria with the mathematics education theories.

Analysis of Suzidilara Maqam in Terms of Recipes and Composed Works

Mehmet Ali ESEN Alkan AKINCI — 2026-07-16

The description of the Suzidilara maqam is first made by Abdulbâkî Nasır Dede in his book Tedkîk ü Tahkîk. Nasır Dede, explained that III. Selim invented Suzidilara maqam. Since Dede did not clearly indicate the scale or scales that made up the Suzidilara maqam in his description, many theorists use different compound scales when describing that maqam. In this study, it is aimed to find out the compatibility between the scales and characteristics of the Suzidilara maqam which are determined by the analysis of 52 pieces composed by different composers, and ten different theorists’ description of this maqam. To compare composers’ usage of scale or scales in their compositions in Suzidilara maqam, and the scale or scales in the descriptions of Suzidilara maqam, forms the basis of this study. Therefore, the differences between the 10 theorists’ descriptions of Suzidilara maqam were examined in this study. Then, instrumental pieces composed in the Suzidilara maqam: 11 peşrev, 1 medhal, 11 saz semaisi and vocal works: 1 mevlevi ayini, 1 ilahi, 2 teşvih, 2 ağır semai, 4 yürük semai, 1 murabba beste, 1 beste 17 şarkı total of 52 works, were analyzed by the modal analysis method. Composers’ usage of the Suzidilara maqam and the scales in their works were determined in 52 works. 10 theorists who made the description of the Suzidilara maqam and 32 composers who composed in Suzidilara maqam were presented in historical order.

Machine Learning in Westworld: Artificial Intelligence Recreating The Gender Inequality

Selen GÖKÇEM AKYILDIZYavuz AKYILDIZ — 2026-07-16

The term machine learning refers to the automatic detection of meaningful patterns in the data and has become a common tool in almost every job that requires obtaining information from large data sets in recent years. This has ultimately brought us to be surrounded by technology based on machine learning. On the other hand, the artificial intelligence creations developed with machine learning and deep learning methods are fed with biased information with the help of the internet network and restructures gender inequality. Feeding the artificial intelligence creations developed through machine learning and deep learning methods with situated knowledge through the Internet network restructures gender inequality. A deep learning method that enables computers to learn from experience, to understand the world in terms of concepts hierarchy, and to define each concept in relation to simpler concepts, saves all the dependencies that artificial intelligences need to learn from human beings to guide them. However, artificial intelligence creations that can think, create and exist with the guidance of people have to be fed with biased information until they have autonomous thinking development structure. Epistemological point of view theory that feminist theory frequently benefits from is based on the view that all attempts to know are socially positioned. The proxy, which provides the circulation of information, plays an active role in creating what they know about sex, class, race, ethnicity, sexual and physical capacity and limiting what they can know. The impact of social position on epistemic content and capacity not only shapes our understanding of the world, but also how it is presented to us through experience. This research, in the example of the Westworld series, aims to examine the robots that people program according to gender norms to the service of humans and especially men, with a feminist epistemology perspective method. It also aims to demonstrate that artificial intelligence modeling in the series causes consolidation of prejudiced and biased knowledge on the world and re-structuring of gender inequality.

Change in Nima Yoshij’s Poetry: Form, Language and Meaning

Yeşim IŞIK — 2026-07-16

: Iranian literature researchers divide Nima Yushij's poems into three groups: classical poems, semi-classical poems and free verse poems. Classical Persian poem is based on three main elements, namely pattern, literary language and meaning. According to classical understanding of Iranian literature, a real innovation in poetry requires a complete change in at least one of the foregoing elements. Nima Yoshij kept these elements as they were in his classical poems. One of the most apparent differences in semi-classical poems is that lines replace couplets, primary components of classical poetry. Writing couplets one under the other allowed the production of different poems with this pattern as a novel method in the Persian poetry. Similarly, it allowed rewriting with various modifications of the poems that are produced in the mosammaṭ form in a limited number. Nevertheless, since similar lines with equal number of meters and rhyme repetitions are accepted characteristics of the classical poetry, Nima's poems that are said to be semi-classical cannot be considered different from classical poetry. Majority of the poems produced by Nima Yushij between 1937-1958 are free verse poems. It is not possible to talk about a specific formal structure for these works. The poet left aside already accepted poetic rules and found the opportunity to reflect the world based on his personal experiences from his own comprehension window. Nima Yushij learnt to approach the poetic language commonly in use in the classical literature era, the approved poetic patterns and realm of meaning with suspicion and rendered these elements, which poetry is subjected to, subjected to poetry. Departing from the sense of poetry that was considered resembling the poems of the classical poets and thus successful, he introduced a new sense of poetry through which he reflected his world of personal experiences, tastes and thoughts. Nima Yushij managed to establish a new sense of poetry by drifting apart from the cliché poetry and pioneered a fundamental change with regard to the primary components of poetry in the Iranian literature.

Reformist Efforts Of American Art Groups On The Modernization Way

Yusuf Emre IŞIKMustafa IŞIK — 2026-07-16

This study includes the analysis of the efforts undertaken in terms of the results of the exhibition of the European avant-garde artists at the Armory Show in the period from Impressionism to Cubism. Unlike the objective reality of traditionalist art, the works exhibited at the Armory Show were unique examples of individual interpretations of avant-garde artists towards abstraction. The realism criteria of the modern works of art exhibited in the Armory Show in 1913 caused an abrupt anger and excitement among critics and artists who had difficulty at first grasping. As the problems were overcome, American art responded to changes in visual arts in Europe, which emerged in the early twentieth century. Art critics challenged the changes in the visual arts represented at the Armory Show, and in time, changed their aesthetic perception and philosophies. Armory Show exhibition, which includes works of European artists as well as American artists; Before art movements such as Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art and Minimalism, which constituted American art, they represented the first examples of modern art in the history of the USA. The realistic movement gathered around the artist Robert Henri and the Ashcan School, who challenged the National Academy of Design, “The Eight” group’s revolutionary exhibition in the USA in 1908, Alfred Stieglitz introducing the works of European modern artists in “Gallery 291”, 1910 Exhibition of Independent Artists seen as the pioneering efforts of artists. These activities had an impact on the creation of avant-garde art in the USA by preparing the ground for designing the 1913 Armory Show exhibition.

Female Characters ın Animated Films

Nur Hümeyra ÖZDEMİR ERENNur Hümeyra ÖZDEMİR EREN — 2026-07-16

It is known that the new generation, called generation Z, preferred the media and especially the audiovisual information flow to the books. This situation necessitated to reveal the messages and quality of the media and the “products” it offers to the child. Animated films, which are media products, have become more and more focused in recent years due to technological developments. There are various characters in the animated films that attract great attention by everyone, young and old. Almost all animated films feature female protagonists. The aim of the present study was to determine how the femal1e characters frequently featured in animated movies were presented to the audience. The study was designed with document analysis and the documents included animated films which were awarded with Oscars between 2018-2013 (Coco, Zootropolis, Inside Out, Big Hero 6, Frozen, Brave). These animated films were analyzed descriptively under the title of female characters and subjected to content analysis in the light of the data. An observation form was created for each animation film with dimensions to reveal the characteristics of female characters. This form has been prepared in a way that allows the examination of the characteristics of female characters visually and audibly. The data in the observation form were coded as compassionate, commanding, intelligent, determined, prescriptive, violent, hard tempered, brave, protective, confident, serious and optimistic. These codes are ordered by frequency density. All codes were grouped into three categories, namely dominant character, leadership and motherhood.As a result of the research, it was found that women are now presented as more powerful, dominant, harsh, outside of domestic roles and masculine. This masculine presentation shows that women are actually treated under male values.

The Sumerian City in The Light of The Epic of Gilgamesh

Ece KAYAGökçe Nur ŞAFAK — 2026-07-16

Man, who built the cities which are regarded as the beginning of civilization through the transition to permanent settlement, has shaped his space he lived in and was also shaped by these spaces. It is possible to see this mutual relationship in the archeological findings and various works left behind by civilizations. As Göbeklitepe and Çatalhöyük remain the first settlements of the civilization, the archaeological findings obtained from these settlements is not suitable-holistically or integrally-to understand the civilizations and settlements of the period. However, the Sumerian civilization called “the land of written texts” and therefore its cities seems appropriate to review in an integrated manner. In this study, an evaluation of Sumerian city was carried out by using the Epic of Gilgamesh. The reason for starting from the Epic of Gilgamesh in the study is because literary works may harbor clues about the mindset of the era and at the same time and it also contains important data related to the social, political, religious, economic, artistic, cultural structure and life of that era. When the Sumerian written works were found, it was seen that some of these works, structures and the mythology of this civilization was not limited to only their era, but they also have influence on successor civilizations in such a manner that the traces can be found even today. Understanding the Sumerian city which is one of the oldest city experience known in history, will contribute understanding the internal dynamics of today's urban life. In this study, an analysis of the administrative, economic and socio-cultural structure of the Sumerian civilization has been obtained and a vision has been reached regarding the Sumerian city from the Epic of Gilgamesh by using the descriptive analysis method. A holistic approach was used to evaluate various structures and institutions such as temples and palaces in Sumerian cities and a portrait is drawn regarding the relationship between the intellectual structure of the period and the city. Traces of the transition from tribal societies to urban life was followed in the primary examples in Sumerian mythology. A conclusion was reached that the fate of the city and Gilgamesh are parallel and the processes of transition from tribal society to urban society are intertwined with the initiation of Gilgamesh. In the process of civilization of Enkidu, it can be observed that taking nature under control by taming and the importance given by Sumerians to urban values. It was seen that the legitimacy of the ruling power of kings and temple was divinity and sanctity which determined the prominent structures and institutions in the city. Finally, the similarities of some themes referring to cities that we found in the Sumerian cities which can be described as a symbol of the cosmos on earth, with other cities are emphasized. The universality of urban-rural/nature perceptions of civilizations and cosmogonic references of cities were pointed out. This universality is indicated by showing important examples of similarities in Ancient Greek and Turkish mythologies.

The Evolving Perspective in Art: “Anamorphosis” and Kurt Wenner As a Contemporary Anamorphosis Artist

Yunus KAYA — 2026-07-16

From the point of view determined by artist, the painting that determines the projection of the viewer does not allow to go beyond what is determined and projection of the image, is no different from a camera viewfinder in this aspect. However, anamorphosis can reconstruct the real image from a particular perspective and often using a material, with the optical effect it creates on the plane based on the reversible deformation of an image. Thus, it tries to offer the viewer more than just a visual because of a visual distortion that produces an illusion for the human eye. However, in the history of art, anamorphosis has not been positioned as it deserves, and the analysis of this phenomenon has been insufficiently artistic aspect. It has also been seen that what is written about it is often confusing and often incorrect. This research, in addition to the terminological, ontological and epistemological scrutiny of "Anamorphosis", as well as examining the evolution process of this form of expression with a chronological method, prioritizes deepening and confusion about this issue with previous research. The next section focuses on the similarities and differences between trompe l'oeil and anamorphosis. In the third chapter, two general types of Anamorphosis: Mirror (Catoptric) Anamorphosis and Perspective (Oblique / Stereoscopic) this research is detailed and exemplified. In the last part of this text, which consists of four parts, the subject is explained with visuals while examining Kurt Wenner, known as the inventor of contemporary anamorphosis, and “3D Street Art”, which he created by synthesizing his traditional geometry (madonnari) with his own geometry. The evolutionary process of the "Anamorphosis / Anamorphic Perspective", the first examples of which we see in Renaissance, is presented by forming the general framework of the research.

Comparison of Classroom Teachers’ and Preservice Teachers’ Level of Knowledge Regarding Social Skills Teaching

Sevda KILIÇ — 2026-07-16

In this study, in which the general survey model was used, the purpose is to review the classroom teachers’, who have students with special needs in their classrooms, and preservice teachers’ level of knowledge regarding social skills teaching in terms of various parameters. 2 separate samples were used to create the research group. While the criterion sampling method under the title of purposeful sampling was preferred when determining the classroom teachers, convenient sampling method was used when determining the preservice teachers. Thus, in this regard, 61 classroom teachers who have students with special needs in their classrooms in the city center of Kars, and 81 senior students who are studying at classroom teaching department in Kafkas University Dede Korkut Faculty of Education participated the study. In the study, as the data collection tool, the “Personal Data Form” (PDF) created by the researcher as well as the “Social Skills Teaching Knowledge Test” (SSTKT) developed by Sazak Pınar in 2009 were used with necessary permissions. Various descriptive and educible statistics were utilized in the analysis of the data obtained from the study, and in accordance with the obtained findings, while the highest score to get from SSTKT is Max.=23,00, the classroom teachers who participated the study scored X ̅=11,60 in average, and the preservice teachers scored X ̅=11,81 in the test. Thus, it was concluded that the classroom teachers’ and preservice teachers’ level of knowledge regarding social skills teaching was medium level and did not differ significantly. Moreover, in accordance with the findings obtained from the study, it was found that the classroom teachers’ and preservice teachers’ level of knowledge regarding social skills teaching did not differ significantly in terms of the parameters of gender, age, professional service time, graduated high school, and university department.

Investigation of the Effect of the Education Given in the Support Training Rooms on the Development of Preschool Inclusion Students

Kamil Arif KIRKIÇAbdulhalit SAYAN — 2026-07-16

This research aims to examine the development of students who receive inclusive education in schools providing early childhood education. The development of inclusion students, who are educated in the support rooms, and the students participating in the inclusive education, other than the support rooms, have been examined with the quantitative research model. Using the experimental design, one of the designs of the quantitative model, the effect of training in the support rooms on the development of 40 students who participated in the research with pretest-posttest measurements was investigated. The data was collected with the study carried out in the 2017-2018 academic year in the preschool education institutions in Küçükçekmece district within the Ministry of National Education (MoNE). The data were collected from 20 students in the experimental and 20 students in the control groups. The development of the inclusion students participating in the study was monitored with an evaluation form developed by the Guidance Research Center (GRC) experts. One month after the school starting date the levels of development in various fields determined by teachers about the students in the experimental and control groups were used as pretests. The posttest was the educational evaluation form filled by teachers one month before the school ended. The pretest-posttest measurements obtained were analyzed with statistical program. While analyzing the data, related and independent groups t-tests were used. The results of the study were significantly higher for inclusion students who were trained in the support room than inclusion students without support room education in terms of the development of the psychomotor, cognitive, language and self-care skills. There was no significant difference in the social-emotional development dimension between the experimental and control groups.

A Study on the Mediating Effect of Organizational Trust in the Relationship Between Personality Traits and Career Stress

Semra KÖSEHasan TUTAR , Nevzat ŞAHİN , Sevilay GÜLER — 2026-07-16

It can be argued that there is an important share of personality traits in people's feelings, thoughts and all forms of perception. Although people have experienced the same situations, it can be assumed that they will react differently to these situations because they have different personality traits. The main purpose of this research is to determine whether organizational trust perceptions have a mediating effect on the relationship between people's personality traits and career stress. The general universe of the research consists of 465 healthcare professionals working in a hospital affiliated to the Ministry of Health in Istanbul. The research is cross-sectional and designed according to the quantitative research method. In collecting data; personality traits, organizational trust and career stress scales were used. In this correlational study, correlation and regression analyzes were performed from statistical analyzes to determine the relationships and effects between variables. In addition, Hayes Process macro was used to determine the significance of the mediation model, and the role of the mediator variable was tried to be determined between the dependent and independent variables. The results of the analysis revealed that organizational trust has a mediating role in the relationship between personality traits and career stress. In the “mediator effect analysis” conducted with Hayes Process, the role of “organizational trust” in the relationship between “personality traits” and “career stress” has been put forward. Personality traits play an important role in providing organizational trust. In addition, the trust of employees in their organizations supports the perception that they will not be injured and reduces the level of career stress. Research findings show that personality traits are an important variable for organizations to achieve their goals.

The English Passage to Balkans

Seniha KRASNIQINuran MUHAXHERİ — 2026-07-16

Balkan identity holds emphasized characteristic within itself which ascertain similarity in demeanor and culture among its inhabitants. Partially the distinctiveness of this population is a virtue of Ottoman presence which introduced Oriental flavor to the region. Lord Byron, as an English representative in Orient and Oriental representative in the English language and the western world, was subject to many criticisms for his characters and plot description, nevertheless, he was never judged for the uniqueness of his masterpieces The Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and The Turkish Tales. One of the frequent themes treated of this region which was considered a stigma of Orient and Balkan culture was the cruel superiority of the men and oppression of women that affected Byron’s early vision of how an eastern woman is treated. As a reaction to his objection, he decided to impower his female characters ending their position of a silent recipient of their destiny making them vigorous women who dare to defy and enter the male realm of action, acting for their rights and sometime going further to protecting male characters. Western authors used their assumption in these descriptions of the eastern world since the contact of an eastern woman and western man was nonexistent. Thus, in this paper, we treated Byron’s usage of his experience from the Balkans which presented him true Balkans and Orient, discussing his most efficient works, as well as the portrayal of this region for the western world.

The Usage of Role-Playing Games in Speaking Etiquette Skills Development in Russian Language for Communicative Preparation of Students in The Specialty “Tourism” in Turkey

Maiya MYRZABEKOVARoza UMYRBEKOVA , Tatyana BURYACHENKO — 2026-07-16

This article is dedicated to the description of the role-playing games that permit to intensify educational process and form speaking etiquette skills in Russian as a second language, the skills that are necessary for the communication in different communicative situations. The current state of development of tourist sphere taking into account requirements of the modern market of Turkey, intercultural interaction with Russian or Russian-speaking tourists, necessity of improvement of quality of Turkish experts preparation, search of effective and intensive approaches in communicative preparation of students in teaching Russian as a second language and requirements to them confirm the relevance of the research. The research objective is the development of the role-playing games based on the modern researches in different fields of knowledge in pedagogics, culturology and management in tourism and that develop the speaking etiquette skills in every-day situations in communicative preparation of students in the specialty “tourism” in Turkey. During the study, a set of methods was applied that made it possible to fulfill the research objectives: analysis of modern concepts of an innovative approach to teaching foreign languages of a professional orientation, development of the content and application of educational and role-playing games based on modeling professional communication situations.The results of the study confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of various role-play games that improve the quality of training and interest in the study of the subject; aimed at developing the ability to determine the appropriateness of using speech etiquette formulas, navigate the flow of professional information and learn special vocabulary and terminology, determine the communicative intentions of the dialogue partner, create the experience of public speaking, to initiate and complete a dialogue; express their communicative intent within the studied topics; master the communication strategy (it is appropriate to use speech and etiquette formulas, know the formulas of appeals, be able to express gratitude, request, consent, objection, etc.). These exercises can be used in conducting role-playing games for Russian and other languages studied as foreign languages, aimed at developing professional and communicative qualities of tourism professionals.

Anthropological Overview of Pandemics: Coronavirus (Covid-19) Example

Vahdet ÖZKOÇAKFırat KOÇ , Timur GÜLTEKİN — 2026-07-16

Anthropology is involved through scientists belonging to its sub-branches related to the ongoing debates in all scientific fields dealing with the subject and fulfills its duty in laying the foundations of the future while contributing to possible explanations with the establishment of the bridge between the past and the present. Perhaps the most important benefit of interdisciplinary studies is that it gives a wide range of perspectives to events and facts; With this aspect, we frequently encounter interdisciplinary studies. There are several approaches to the COVID -19 pandemic, which has become the common problem of the world today as a global disaster. From an anthropology perspective, it appears as a multidimensional pattern expressed by the concept of pandemic. In this study, pandemics in the past, underlying diseases, human migrations, factors affecting the rate of spread of outbreaks, cultural factors that caused the disease to become a global pandemic and the results of pandemics were discussed. With the studies on pandemics experienced in the past and the main approaches of anthropology, a conclusion was made on the possible balance sheet of the epidemic by establishing a cause-effect relationship. It is thought that pandemics, which are renewed by mutations, seen in a wide variety of geographical regions, spread across the continents and spread all over the world, and caused by viruses without population immunity, will be repeated as long as the world returns. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the socio-economic, cultural, financial and educational costs are minimized by taking the previous experiences into consideration in order to meet and overcome pandemics.

The General Procrastination Behavior of University Students and The Relationship Between The Academic Procrastination Behavior

Nuran ÖZTÜRK BAŞPINAR — 2026-07-16

Introduction: Deferring behavior stands out as a behavior that delays or even prevents the individual from achieving his goals. The idea that students' general procrastination behavior may have an effect on academic procrastination behavior makes the subject worth researching. Therefore, the purpose of the study is; It was determined to reveal the general and academic procrastination behaviors of university students and the relationship between these two behaviors. “What is the relationship between General postponement behaviors of university students and academic postponement behaviors?"his question has been designated as a fundamental research question. Methods: The sample of the study consists of 1st and 2nd grade students (140 volunteers persons) from the Department of Office Management and Executive Assistantship and Department of Real Estate and Real Estate Management of Anadolu University Eskişehir Vocational School. In the research designed with quantitative research method, the data were collected from the students in the specified sections according to random sampling method. In the research, "Academic Procrastination" and "General Procrastination" scales, whose validity and reliability have been proved by Çakıcı (2003), were used. The results of the data were analyzed with the help of various scientific methods and the effect of general procrastination behavior on academic procrastination behaviors was determined. Results: The analyzes revealed that students have a tendency to postpone general and academic. According to the data obtained, there is a significant, high and positive relationship between students' academic procrastination tendencies and general procrastination tendencies. This result will show the academic procrastination behavior of the individual who shows general procrastination behavior; or vice versa, it can be interpreted that a person who shows academic procrastination behavior will also show the general procrastination behavior.

Reading Culture in Memoirs of Halide Edib

Burcu ÖZTÜRK — 2026-07-16

It is necessary to read and examine the memories of Halide Edib Adıvar, who has an important place not only in our political and social lives but also in our education lives, by understanding the educational approaches of the period to light on our present and future. From this point of view, in the book "Memoirs of Halide Edib" published in London in 1926 by Halide Edib Adıvar, who wrote many books in Millî Edebiyat (1911-1923) and Republic Period (1923 and later) will be assessed using a descriptive screening method based on a review of the ideas, opinions and experiences of reading education. Halide Edib Adıvar (1882-1964) describes her life from childhood to 1918 in her book Memoirs of Halide Edib. The book, which was first published in 1963 under the name of Mor Salkımlı Ev, one of the most well known of the modern Turkish Literature, is not a direct translation of the English book, with the same essence as the author herself later stated. For this reason, The Memoirs of Halide Edib (1926) and Mor Salkımlı Ev (1963) will be examined in the study in consideration of the otherness of writing in Turkish and English, and the fact that the author's memories were first written in English. The interest of reading, the writers and books on the adult world that surrounds the environment, ceremonies, the books she has met through the school and her teachers, the methods they have used in teaching foreign language are among the topics to be covered in the study.

The Preservation and Renovation Works of Van Hüsrev Pasha Mosque

Şahabettin ÖZTÜRK — 2026-07-16

Hüsrev Paşa Social Complex which is located in the Old City of Van, had been built by Van Beylerbeyi (Van's Governor) Köse Hüsrev Mehmed Paşa, one of the viziers of Suleiman the Magnificent, between the years of 1567-68. The complex that is a work of Sinan consists of mosque, madrasa, shrine, caravansarai, double hammam, soup kitchen, primary school, lecturer's and guests' houses sections. The mosque that is called "Hüsreviye" and "Kurşunlu" forms the focal point of the complex. The mosque's center is square layouted and covered with a sole dome which subside squinches. A door placed in the northern front axis where the nartex abuts on, provides access to the sanctuary. Interior space is enlightened with casements on the body walls and dome's pulley. Middle window on the eastern front was converted into the door accessing to the shrine. There are stalactite courses which interspace in obtuse arch shape over hanger stones of blind arched lancets as one each. The mosque stands out with colourful stone craftsmanship on its outer fronts. The dome's pulley is supported by sixteen flying buttresses from outside. Eight of the windows between butresses are opened during renovation. The altar is meant to be noticed by being protruded in the absis shape from the wall facing Mecca. The minaret which is located in the northwest corner of the mosque sits on a square baseplate and has a cylindric body. The minaret has two accesses from two gates as one from the ground and one from the roof level. Project works of the mosque which is located at the center of Hüsrev Paşa Social Complex are prepared by Yüzüncü Yıl University in 2005. Renovation works are done by Bitlis Regional Directory of Foundation between the years of 2007 and 2009. In the Van Earthquake of 2011 the building's narthex and minaret sections are impacted serious static structural problems. All renovation works of Hüsrev Paşa Mosque are completed by Bitlis Regional Directory of Foundation in the year 2013 and it is opened to use for religious, social, touristic and cultural services for activities.

Influence of Participative Listening Type on Listening Comprehension Skills of 5th Grade Students

Fatih SEVİMLİFulya TOPÇUOĞLU ÜNAL — 2026-07-16

Participatory listening is conveying the questions or opinions about the subject to the speaker in the listening process and communicating with the person. Making the listeners and the questions listened to the person by communicating them to the speaker provides the speaker to relax and reach the purpose of the communication. Asking the speaker to clarify what he said and summarizing the ideas and feelings of the speaker are among the features of attentive listening. It is the basis of participative listening not to deal with any other work and establish eye contact with the speaker during listening. The aim of this research is identifying Influence of Participative listening on listening comprehension skills of 5th grade students consisting planned activities. Experimental design, which has pre testpost test controlled group, is used while collecting, analyzing and interpreting the data gathered by this way. The study has corried out with 40 students consists of experimental and control groups in 5-A 5-B classes of Middle School students in 2013-2014 Educational year located in city center. Listening comprehensive test is applied to the controlled group for pre-test and post-test. According to the pre test scores it is determined that listening skills of half experimental and control groups are similar. After the pre-test, participative listening training has given for ten weeks. The lesson of experimental group has given with the activities designed as part of participative listening. On the other hand the control group lessons are designed as part of Turkish lesson syllabus. Different types of activities are given in the research. In the conclusion of the study Wilcoxon signedranks test, mann-whitney U test frequency and percentage analyseare used on the data gathered quantitatively. Examining the data it is seen that; experimental points average are 29.30, controlled groups’ average are 11.70. According to this conclusion, results are increased on behalf of the experimental groups. Participative listening has positive effect on the test group students’ listening acquisition in Turkish syllabus.

Perception of Inanimate Objects in the Context of Personalization: A Quantitative Research in the Example of the Mobile Phone

2026-07-16

This study aims to reveal in the context of personification of the perception of mobile phone in the mind of individuals. When the meanings that it contains in the concept of perception are considered, it expresses an abstract conceptualization. It is accepted that the concept of perception, which indicates the meaning created by an event, fact or object in the mind and emotions of the individual, differs in accordance with the individual's individual characteristics, regardless of the event, phenomenon or object. Perception is a complex and difficult concept to define and embody each individual in the context of the fact that he/she is ‘single’ and ‘unique’. It is known that the most general definition of the conceptualization process of perception is closely related to the concept of image defined as ‘mental representation of sensory information’. In this context, while focusing on the concept of sensation and perception in the first part of the study; then, the concepts of personificiation and image were focused. In the last part of the study, questions were asked regarding the perception of mobile phones in the minds of individuals. These questions are about the perception of personalizing the mobile phone. The main problem of the research has been that the mobile phone has become an indispensable object of daily life and attempts to establish symbolic interactionism through this object. Based on this problem in the research, the answer to "If the cell phone was a person, what would its physical and personal characteristics be like?" was tried to be searched and according to the findings, it was found that individuals have perceptions about mobile phones similar to their physical and personality traits.

Determining the Views of Secondary School Students on Concept Teaching

Tuğba SOYLUHatice MEMİŞOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Concepts are principles that organize and integrate a lot of information within a subject. It is about being able to teach concepts correctly and on the spot that education can take place in a healthy way. Primary school students need to know the basic concepts in order to be able to learn the main elements of the social studies course which has an important place in terms of concept richness and to overcome the social problems they will face. The concepts allow elementary school students to have basic schemas in their minds and to have new information in a meaningful way. The research was prepared to determine the views of Secondary School students on concept teaching. Case science (phenomonology) pattern from qualitative research patterns was used in the research. 75 (6.7.8) who studied in Ankara province. Class constituted a middle school student. Appropriate sampling method was used in the research. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect the data. As a result of the research, Middle School students stated that the most used technique in concept learning in Social Studies Lesson was concept map, and stated that they had difficulties in learning abstract and historical concepts. The most common problems that students face in concept teaching are lack of materials, presence of abstract concepts, lack of prior knowledge, higher cognitive levels of concepts, lack of course time. It is important to use concept teaching techniques to overcome these problems suggestions have been made such as using material to embody abstract concepts and using plenty of examples.

‘Unity of Art And Life’ in Fluxus Movement

Mehmet SUSUZ — 2026-07-16

From the past to the present day, art has developed a dynamic structure fed by socio-cultural processes. Situations such as wars, crises, migrations and industrialization made social changes and transformations inevitable. ‘Art’ was also affected by this process. Futurism, Dadaism and Surrealism, which nourished the art movements that emerged especially after the 1960s, included different codes in art, apart from the stereotypes of the art until that time. Fluxus has entered the process of building its theoretical foundations by feeding from the codes that these currents load onto art. Fluxus, which incorporates artists from many different cultures, has continuously expanded its scope with the works presented by the artists. Craig Saper used the term ‘Fluxus Laboratory’ for his Fluxus studies. This concept demonstrates the experimental feature of Fluxus. Fluxus artists make use of random processes in the natural flow of life in their work. In most of the works of Fluxus, the audience takes part in the formation process of the artwork. The audience, which was only the audience as an observer of art before the 20th century, was placed at the center of the formation process of Fluxus artwork thus the boundaries between art and society were removed. Fluxus takes an active stance by making use of the socio-cultural motivations that make up the dynamics of society. Wishing to be a part of the naturalness of life, Fluxus emphasizes on the "Unity of Art and Life" by removing the boundaries between art and life. 'Unity of Art and Life' stands among nine criteria of Dick Higgins and twelve Fluxus criteria of Ken Friedman. The aim of the research is to examine the performance works of John Cage and Fluxus artists Yoko Ono and Joseph Beuys, which have an important place in the emergence and development of the Fluxus movement, on the axis of the 'Unity Art and Life’ criterion. In the Fluxus studies examined, the relational dimension between art and life has been tried to be revealed in the axis of socio-cultural motivations.In this research titled 'Unity of Art and Life in Fluxus Movement', scanning method was used in the process of obtaining written and visual data that will contribute to the integrity of the subject. The data obtained for the problem sentence of the research were evaluated in a way to form an integrity.

Color World of Turkish

Arzu ŞEYDA GÜVEN — 2026-07-16

Colors have always been an important part of human life. The variegation in the nature has gained value by naming these colors. Colors have been an indicator in the human life throughout history since they feature individual, social, and universal values through their aesthetic appearances. Human connection with the language takes place with the processes of perception, naming, and understanding the objects and concepts. In this context, color names can be considered as the ways of detecting and naming nature. The colors are natural indicators, while the names of the colors are linguistic and fictional indicators. The values of colors have been created and agreed on by society over time. Similar to the process of linguistic indicators being formed upon the consensus of the society, the colors became visual indicators through the same process. Language is not a static phenomenon. Therefore, it is in a constant change and development based on the time and human. Societies that constantly encounter new situations and new objects need to produce new words. In this process, some indicators fall into disuse, while new indicators enter the world of language. This is also the case with color naming. In Turkish culture, colors have an important place and value. The importance of colors in Turkish emerges from the fact that Turks have used them as value-added indicators since the earliest times. Therefore, Turkish has a rich vocabulary in terms of color names. The changes in life, the emergence of new concepts and objects and the need to name these led to a new syncretism in terms of colors. It is important to determine them in terms of the Turkish vocabulary. In this study, the current color names in the production world were examined through a simultaneous method. The color names that were used particularly in clothing, personal care, fabric, interior and exterior paints were identified and evaluated.

Investigation of The Emotional Intelligence Levels of The Trainers (Example of Ankara Province)

Hakan SUNAYHakan SUNAY , Erdal BAL — 2026-07-16

Nowadays, it is known that people with high level of emotional intelligence can understand their feelings more easily and interact with their environment better. The common feature of being successful in coaching is the ability to understand the feelings of the athletes and those around them and to convey their own feelings to them. The purpose of this study; It is the examination of the emotional intelligence levels of the trainers working in Ankara. The universe of this study, which uses screening model, is the coaches working in Ankara. The study group; It consists of 201 coaches working in Ankara Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate. Data; It was obtained using the “Emotional Intelligence Feature Scale Short Form” developed by Petrides and Furnham (2001). Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the study; It was calculated as .86. In the normality distribution measurements of the scale used in the study; According to Skewness and kurtosis values, non-parametric distribution of data was determined. The difference between the average scores of the trainers' emotional intelligence levels was determined by Mann Whitney-U and Kruskal Wallis H tests. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the “total emotional intelligence skill” levels of the trainers working at the Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports are at a medium level. Emotional intelligence levels of coaches; It has been determined that the professional experience of coaches, who are 18-23 years in the sub-dimension of professional experience, is high. As a result of the study, the difference between the emotional intelligence levels of the trainers and their ages, genders, marital status and education levels is not significant. It has been determined that there is a difference between emotional intelligence levels of trainers according to the professional experience of coaches’ variable.

Enneagram Personality Inventory Development and Determination of Turkey Psychometric Properties

Turgay ŞİRİN — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to develop the original Enneagram Turkey Personality Inventory and the validity and reliability studies in Turkey sample. The inventory was applied to 1110 people in 723 women (65.13%) and 387 men (34.86%) aged between 17-62 (23.23 ± 6.51) in 3 stages. Enneagram Turkey Inventory, for each subscale index profile is an inventory such as MMPI is subjected to principal components analysis in accordance with its varimax rotation. As a result of the factor analysis, the final form of the inventory with 54 questions in 9 sub-factors was developed. In the development process of the scale, Lawshe analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, test-retest and convergent validity studies, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) studies were conducted and reported. In reliability analysis, Cronbach alpha value for total scale was found to be between 0.89 and 0.60-0.78 for subscales; Item-total correlations were found above 0.30 for each subscale. Correlation coefficients in test-retest analysis are between 0.20-0.57. In addition, in the confirmatory factor analysis (DFA) conducted as a result of the last study of the scale, the fit indices of the model tested were found to be appropriate [(χ2 (2545,804, sd = 1027, p = .000); χ2 / sd = 2.47; RMSEA = 0.06; SRM = 0.07; GFI = 0.97; AGFI = 0.94; CFI = 0.92; IFI = 0.92; NFI = 0.91; RFI = 0.87]. the applications result in accordance with the obtained validity and reliability analysis findings Enneagram Turkey Personality inventory (ETPI) is understood to be a valid and reliable scale.

The Danube Navy in the 18th Century and Equipment

Mehmet TAŞ — 2026-07-16

The Danube fleet is one of the Ottoman State's navies operating in rivers. Besides the navy operating in the Ottoman Empire, it had another navy operating in rivers such as Aras, Fırat, Şat, Özü, Nil and Tuna. This navy, was one of the main reasons that Ottoman domination gained stability on the lands where the rivers mentioned. This navy also called the thin fleet, played important roles both in carrying the weight of the land army during expeditions, in the worship and reinforcement of the original army during the war, and in fighting against the enemy navy using these rivers. As a result of these military-qualified missions, elements that create security risks for the state have been eliminated, piracy activities have been prevented and rivers have become safe waterways for trade and civil transportation. As civilian river transport develops, as a natural consequence of this, economic and commercial life has developed in the cities around the rivers mentioned. In this regard, one of the fine naval elements operating in the Ottoman rivers is the Danube navy. Danube navy, named after the Danube river, where it operates, played an important role in the establishment, strengthening and maintenance of Ottoman rule in the Balkans. He has contributed to many important conquest movements, including the conquest of Belgrade in the Balkans. In an environment where wars with Austria and Russia in the Balkans increased in the 18th century, the Danube fleet had an important role in the Ottoman Empire's holding in this geography. Even if there is more or less information about the activities of the Danube fleet, there is not much information about the elements that compose it with a logistic perspective. In fact, this navy is made up of a large network of intertwined relationships and concepts, ranging from crew to shipbuilding, from skilled labor to financing. There were unique shipyards where this navy was built, ships built according to the characteristics of the Danube river in these shipyards, skilled workers working in the construction of these ships, and a financial background that met their expenses. Understanding them will provide a better understanding of the existence of the Ottomans in the Balkans.

Satisfaction Levels of Individuals Participating in Hajj and Umrah Organizations

Şirin TİLİMŞirin TİLİM — 2026-07-16

The religion ‘Islam’ is one of the four major religions which spread all over the world and has general acceptance visibility. The worship of pilgrimage and umrah is very important for the people who believe in this religion. People can perform these worships within a certain period of time and again by fulfilling certain obligations. It is important to investigate the extent to which people who travel for the purpose of performing the pilgrimage and umrah worships are satisfied with the institutions and organizations mediating their travels. In this research, it is aimed to measure the satisfaction about the service which participants joining hajj and umrah organizations which are realized within the scope of faith tourism get, and to determine the factors that affect their satisfaction. In addition, it is aimed to determine the importance that the agencies holding pilgrimage and umrah organization give to customer satisfaction and to propose solutions by identifying problems. For this purpose, questionnaire technique, one of the quantitative research methods was utilized to measure that satisfaction. In order to collect data, 300 samples out of the selected population that were determined by utilizing easy sampling method were reached and the survey was carried out. The satisfaction levels of participants joining hajj and umre organizations within the scope of faith tourism were analyzed in different angles by using frequency analysis, factor analysis and independent two-group difference test according to the data obtained from the questionnaires. According to the results of factor analysis, six different dimensions emerged. These dimensions are respectively “satisfaction”, “guidance service”, “Services Given in Mecca and Medina”, “transportation”, “personal behavior in Arabia” and “transfer”. As a result of independent two-group difference test; statistically significant differences emerged between the variables “age, education, profession, income and purpose of participation” when all factor dimensions were analyzed in terms of satisfaction of the participants joining pilgrimage and umrah organizations.

The Study on The Reliability of Lower Extremity Y Dynamic Balance Test

Cenab TÜRKERİBilgihan BÜYÜKTAŞ , Barışcan ÖZTÜRK — 2026-07-16

This study was carried out to determine the measurement reliability of the lower extremity Y dynamic balance test, which is applied by keeping the hands still at the waist. In our study, the lower extremity Y dynamic balance test that we examined for reliability. This test provides data collection from the athlete using trunk rotation, limb mobility, ankle instability and flexibility of the lower limb. According to these data, it provides an estimate of the athlete's balance asymmetry and susceptibility to injuries. The study was conducted on a total of 75 volunteer athletes that live in Adana, from different sports branches, whose sports age was 9.06 ± 3.86 years, age 22.76 ± 2.73 years, height 174 ± 0.08 cm, weight 69.63 ± 12.71 kg. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied for normality distribution of the data and it was found that the data showed normal distribution. The relationship between the lower extremity Y dynamic balance test scores performed at two weeks’ intervals and at the same time of the day was found with the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) test (95% confidence intervals) was also used to determine the class reliability of the test. According to the findings of the study; The first and second measurements of the lower extremity Y dynamic balance test were found to be high related (right composite r=0.83 (r2=0.69), left composite r=0.82 (r2=0.67)). Y dynamic balance test was found to have high Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (right = 0.91 and left = 0.90 ICC). It was found that the measurement reliability of the lower extremity Y dynamic balance test, which was applied by keeping the hands fixed at the waist, was high. Dynamic balance performance can be evaluated with this test. In addition, it can be said that it can be used in both research and applications in order to determine the balance asymmetry of the athlete and predict the predisposition to sports injuries.

Gender Buıldıng in Mother’s Day’s and Father’s Day’s Advertisements

Duygu ÜNALANElif ŞEŞEN — 2026-07-16

An advertisement aims to create new necessity, values and life style, tries to show the aspects of a person, product or service which will please the indiviuals. While doing this, it benefits from images, indications and also cultural and social pre-acceptance. As a discourse, positioning in advertising is not done independently of product and culture. Because human makes sense of everything including advertisement messages according to social association; however this sense-making is not fixed and changes over time. Media reconstructs consumption patterns and life styles aimed at female and male through various tools. Advertisements repeats social stereotypes via traditional values and settled ideas related to gender. Among the discourses of the advertisements prepared for Mother’s Day and Father’s Day, there are various differences, especially advertised products. On the Mother’s Day, the advertisements of the products such as white goods and small home appliances which are directed their traditional roles and emphasizes social positions; on the other hand, on the Father’s Day, the products from car to tie which are used by men directly are advertized. Through these advertisements, discourses which reflect gender’s roles are reconstructed. This study aims to analysis gender construction in TV advertisements which were prepared for Mother’s Day and Father’s Day and were featured on TV channels before these days for the year of 2018 through semiotic analysis. In the study, a general evaluation of the reflections of gender construction in advertisements was made and the advertisements were examined around repeated common themes about motherhood and fatherhood. With the classification of the advertisements under common themes, in Mother's Day advertisements “Mother gives confidence”, “Mother is compassionate”, “Mother is sacrifice” themes; in Father's Day advertisements, the themes of “Father is related but authoritarian”, “Father is strong, he does not show his feelings” and “Father is sacrifice” themes emerged. Looking at the advertisements examined in the study, it is seen that the gender roles attributed to men and women in society are repeated. In advertisements, the mother (woman) is described as loving, reassuring, self-sacrificing and compassionate; father (man) is a person who does not show his emotionality, is strong and provides a living for the house. While in the advertisements examined, there is no emphasis on the business life of the mother in the advertisements of the Mother's Day, while in the Father's Day advertisements, the father is seen as the employee. The analysis of the advertisements revealed that the gender roles attributed to the mother and father in the society are repeated in the advertisements of mother's day and father's day, and that these roles are re-established through the advertisements.

The Research of the Montessori Method’s Effects to Pre-School Term Children’s Scientific Process Skills

Kübra ÜSTÜNDAĞBüşra ERGİN — 2026-07-16

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Montessori Method on the scientific process skills of 48-66 months old children who are attending the preschool education institution. The dependent variable of the research is the scientific process skills of the children attending pre-school education, while the independent variable is the Montessori Method. Data related to the study were collected in the 2017-2018 academic year. The study group of the research was trained in Ihsan Dogramaci Practice Kindergarten and Mevlana Kindergarten; it consisted of 46 children, including 22 experiments and 24 control groups. In the research, the Basic Skills Scale and Personal Information Form for Preschool Students was used to determine the scientific process skill levels of preschool children as a data collection tool. The data obtained were analyzed by t test in dependent groups, t test in independent groups and Mann-Whitney U test techniques. As a result of the analyzes, The Ministry of National Education with the pretest scores of the Basic Skill Scale of the experimental group children who received pre-school education with Montessori Method. It was concluded that the pre-test mean scores of the Basic Skill Scale of the control group children who received preschool education by using the Preschool Education Program were similar. Primary Skill Scale post-test mean scores of the experimental group children who received pre-school education with Montessori Method, M.E.B. It is observed that the Basic Skill Scale of the control group children who received preschool education by using the Preschool Education Program is higher than the post-test mean scores. As a result, it has been determined that Montessori Education Program has made a positive contribution in the development of scientific process skills of preschool children. In addition, it was concluded that Montessori Education Program is more effective in acquiring and supporting the scientific process skills of children compared to M.E.B Preschool Education Program.

Psikolojik Danışma Sürecinde Danışanların Yansıtıcı Ekip Sürecine İlişkin Deneyimleri: Post-modernist Bir Çalışma

Sümbül YALNIZCA YILDIRIMAyça SARAÇ DENGİZ , Erdinç ÇAĞLAYAN — 2026-07-16

Reflecting team practice first emerged as a technique that was used to strengthen the therapeutic process in family and couple therapies but later, it began to be used as a supervision method. This practice, which is nowadays used in both forms, is applied in the form of an inclusion of one or more therapists except for the therapist in the counseling process and a conversation of those people about the dialogue between the client/family and the therapist in a therapeutic setting the effects of reflecting team practice in the supervision process and in the therapeutic process have been discussed in many studies. However, there are few empirical studies on the effectiveness of the reflecting team in the counseling process. It is considered that this study examining the effect of reflecting team practice on the counseling process from the client's perspective will pave the way other studies. In this study, the opinions of clients, who were attending the counseling process, were obtained regarding how they experienced the reflecting team method applied during the process. The study was conducted using the interview method, one of the qualitative research methods, with 7 clients who were already attending the counseling process. Most of the clients stated that they had positive feelings about the presence of a reflecting team during the counseling process. The clients expressed that the presence of the reflecting team in the process provided them with multiple perspectives, contributed to their plans for the future and enabled the process to focus on ‘now and here.’ Most of the clients gave a high score to the question ‘How effective was the presence of the reflecting team in the counseling session?’; only one client gave it a low score. These findings were discussed in the light of the literature.

Investigation of Optimal Performance Emotional Status in Sports Students

Faruk YAMANERErtuğrul ÇIPLAK , Osman İMAMOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to investigate the Optimal performance Emotion situation in students receiving Sports Education at the University. “Continuous Optimal Performance Emotional Status Scale-2 (SOPDDÖ-2)” is a measure of the overall performance of the optimal performance emotional state on the individual participating in the activity and aims to evaluate the frequency of physical performance and optimal performance experience in participation in sports. The adaptation study of the scale into Turkish was done by Aşçı et al. (2007). 23.00 SPSS package program was used in the analysis of the data. The data obtained as a result of the scale were calculated in accordance with the scoring directive. While evaluating the data, the compatibility of normal distribution with the “Kolmogorov Smirnov Test” was investigated and it was determined that all data fit the normal distribution.190 university students participated in the study. T-test was used for statistical procedures. In this study, no significant difference was found in the comparison of the sub-dimensions of optimal performance (Dispositional Flow) mood state scales according to gender (p> 0.05). Again, there was no difference in the comparison of the sub-dimensions of optimal performance mood status scale according to team and individual sports (p> 0.05). In terms of the optimal performance, the Dispositional Flow sub-dimension scores are almost all close to 20 points. Therefore, the optimal performance of the participants can be considered as good. It can be said that the performance emotions of men and women, team and individual athletes are similar. Conclusion: Optimal performance emotional state of students receiving sports education at the university can be accepted as good. Optimal performance mood scores were found to be similar in terms of gender, team and individual sports. It should be examined in which sub-dimensions the optimal performance emotional state differs in different age categories and in different groups (elite athletes, disabled athletes).

Assessment of TUBITAK 4006 Science Fairs With Regars To Teachers And Students: Polatlı Sample

Dündar YENEREbru BALCI — 2026-07-16

In recent studies, it emphasizes the importance of learning environments in which students actively participate. Because it is seen that students learn information more meaningfully in the environments in which they actively participate. In this context, the importance of science fairs in which students take an active role has also increased. In order to examine the effects of students on their achievements, attitudes, and perceptions of science lessons, it is necessary to conduct studies and follow up on science fairs. For this reason, it is aimed to examine the perspectives of the teachers who have various categories in their structure, appeal to all individuals, large and small, and who work as organizers and participants in the TUBITAK 4006 Science Fairs Support Program and students working in these fairs. This study, which was conducted to examine the opinions of teachers and students about science fairs, was carried out as a case study from qualitative research patterns. Structured interview form was used to collect data in the study. The study was carried out with 10 educational institutions that held TUBITAK 4006 Science Fair in Polatlı district center in 2016-2017 academic year. The participants of the study consisted of 60 teachers (35 females and 25 males) and 352 students (167 females and 185 males) who were working in science fairs. The following findings and results were obtained in the analysis of the data. One of the main reasons for teachers to participate in science fairs is to share their experiences with other people and educate conscious students. In addition, teachers stated that they would be useful for their resumes in science fairs. The participants stated that they have benefited from the past works when choosing the projects to take place in the fair. This is followed by the work of the students who will take part in the fair. When choosing the students to participate in science fairs, the participants stated that they pay attention to volunteering, interest in fairs, academic achievements and whether they have participated in science fairs before. In addition, the fact that science fairs are a useful activity, directing them to scientific studies and providing students with increased knowledge has been determined as the positive aspect of the fairs. However, they stated that the project budget was inadequate, reporting was difficult and demanding intensive work as a negative aspect. In addition, a few of the participants stated that the organization of the science fair was requested and required by the administration. The reason why students participate in science fairs is the fact that the fairs are fun, the sense of accomplishment and learning new things come to the fore. While the students were researching the projects they wanted to take place in the fair, they stated that they focused on the topics they heard in general. However, while researching the projects, it was determined that male students mostly use sources such as scientific journals and books, although most of the students get help from related institutions and organizations. The students who participated in the study generally stated the positive aspect of science fairs as contributing to academic success and offering solutions to the problems encountered. On the other hand, female students expressed the problems encountered in the implementation of SPS as a negative aspect, while male students expressed the lack of communication with the teacher as a negative aspect.

The Views of Primary School Teachers Who Have Syrian Students in Their Classes About Initial Literacy Process

Mesut YILDIRIMMesut YILDIRIM — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to determine the opinions of teachers who have Syrian students in their class about the problems experienced during initial literacy teaching process and their suggestions for improving this process. The research was designed in qualitative model and interview method was preferred for data collection in this context. The study group consisted of 10 teachers and interviews were conducted face to face and individually. In the interviews, semi-structured interview form prepared by the researchers was used as data collection tool. In the first stage, the interview form was presented to three experts (1 Turkish education, 1 classroom education and 1 measurement and evaluation specialist). Interviews were recorded with the help of voice recorder and the participants were coded between K1 to K10 before analyzing the data. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the data obtained from the teachers and themes and codes were created within this scope. In the research, it was seen that the data obtained through interviews were collected under two main themes and six sub-themes. The first main theme was focused on the problems experienced by the primary school teachers who have Syrian students in their classrooms during the initial literacy process, and in this context, it was seen that “problems encountered in instruction dimension”, "student-originated problems”, and “problems arising from social environment" sub-themes emerged. The second main theme focuses on the suggestions of teachers to improve the initial literacy process, and in this context, it was seen that "suggestions on planning”, "suggestions for instruction methods, techniques and materials”, and "suggestions for teacher education" sub-themes emerged.

The Use of “Learner Control Strategy” in Courses of Public Education Centers - The Sample of Kahramanmaraş Province-

Asım YAPICIAsım YAPICI , Sevim SİVİK , Ceylan YILMAZ — 2026-07-16

As Reigeluth and Stein (1983:338) believe that when considering the instructional science, it is related to understanding and enlarging methods of instructions so that those methods can be made more effective, more efficient and appealing. In 1983, Developed by Reigeluth-Merill, The Elaboration Theory of Instruction’s main purpose is to extend in Merrill’s Component Display Theory (CDT) to the macro level (i.e. to such concerns as selection, sequencing, synthesizing, and systematic review of related ideas) in other words, its purpose is to integrate as much as possible of our current knowledge about learning and istruction on the on the macro level (Reigeluth and Stein, 1983:337). On the other hand, according to Reigeluth and Stein (1983:362) the elaboration theory affords possibilities for learner control over the selection of content (1), instructional-strategy component (3), and cognitive strategies (4), the second category, pace, is only controllable at the micro level) The general purpose of this research is to determine the level of ‘’Learner Control Strategy’’ used by educators (master trainers) working in Public Education Centers in their courses.This research is designed as a descriptive study is survey model (Karasar, 2006:77). The participitans of the research was formed; In the 2018-2019 academic year, from 129 educators working in Onikişubat and Türkoğlu districts in Kahramanmaraş. As data collection tool; “Learner Control Use Strategy Scale’’ The Validity and Reliability of which conducted by Kutlu (2012:244-250) and which consists of 28 items and seven dimensions was used; to analyze the data Arithmetic Mean, Standard Deviation, Independent Groups t-test and One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques were used. Data in this study were collected in 2019As a result of the research, the educators working in Public Education Centers generally use LCS in their courses, especially the sub-dimensions of the related scale; “Individual Learning Responsibility Control (ILRC) and Determination of Learning Strategies (DLS)“ Always ”, Decision Making Skills Control (DMSC) and Content Control (CC) dimensions were“ Frequent ”. According to the “Branches” there were some differences,“ but, Education Status ”and“ Duration of Service of the trainers it was observed that there was no difference in the use of LCS.