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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/1</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Lebîd b. Rebîa’nın Divanı’nda Teşbih-i Mürselin Şiirsel İşlevleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Poetic Functions of Mursal Simile (Tashbīh al-Mursal) in the Diwan of Labīd b. Rabī’ah]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hasan DAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mustafa KESKİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Belagati, Câhiliye Şiiri, Beyân İlmi, Lebîd b. Rebîa, Divan, Teşbih-i Mürsel.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Jāhilī Poetry, ʿIlm al-Bayān, Labīd b. Rabīʿah, Dīwān, Tashbīh al-Mursal.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, muhadram şairlerden Leb&amp;icirc;d b. Reb&amp;icirc;a&amp;rsquo;nın (&amp;ouml;. 41/660) divanında benzetme edatının a&amp;ccedil;ık&amp;ccedil;a zikredildiği teşbih-i m&amp;uuml;rsel &amp;ouml;rneklerini merkeze alarak, bu sanatın şiirsel anlamın kuruluşundaki işlevini incelemektedir. Araştırmanın temel problemi, Leb&amp;icirc;d&amp;rsquo;in şiirlerinde teşbih-i m&amp;uuml;rselin yalnızca estetik bir s&amp;uuml;sleme unsuru mu yoksa anlamı kuran, a&amp;ccedil;ıklayan ve derinleştiren işlevsel bir anlatım aracı mı olduğunun literat&amp;uuml;rde sistematik bi&amp;ccedil;imde ortaya konmamış olmasıdır. Bu bağlamda &amp;ccedil;alışma, teşbihin bi&amp;ccedil;imsel y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n &amp;ouml;tesine ge&amp;ccedil;erek onun anlam &amp;uuml;retimindeki rol&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; belirlemeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın amacı, Leb&amp;icirc;d b. Reb&amp;icirc;a&amp;rsquo;nın divanında yer alan teşbih-i m&amp;uuml;rsel uygulamalarının hangi tematik ve bağlamsal &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evelerde kullanıldığını, bu sanatın şiirin anlam yapısına nasıl katkı sağladığını ve okuyucunun zihninde anlamın somutlaştırılmasında ne t&amp;uuml;r işlevler &amp;uuml;stlendiğini bey&amp;acirc;n ilmi perspektifinden tespit etmektir. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle araştırma, C&amp;acirc;hiliye şiirinde teşbihin a&amp;ccedil;ıklayıcı, y&amp;ouml;nlendirici ve anlam kurucu boyutlarını g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r kılması bakımından &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemine dayalı olup betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılarak y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Leb&amp;icirc;d&amp;rsquo;in divanından se&amp;ccedil;ilen beyitler, teşbihin unsurları, benzetme ilişkileri ve bağlamsal işlevleri a&amp;ccedil;ısından ayrıntılı bi&amp;ccedil;imde incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, Leb&amp;icirc;d&amp;rsquo;in teşbih-i m&amp;uuml;rseli yalnızca s&amp;ouml;z s&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml; olarak değil; soyut kavramları, duygusal durumları, toplumsal aidiyetleri ve ontolojik sorgulamaları somut imgeler aracılığıyla a&amp;ccedil;ık, anlaşılır ve etkili bi&amp;ccedil;imde ifade etmek amacıyla kullandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle teşbih-i m&amp;uuml;rsel, Leb&amp;icirc;d&amp;rsquo;in şiirinde anlamı g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendiren ve tasviri derinleştiren temel bir anlatım unsuru olarak &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study examines the function of mursal simile (tashbīh al-mursal)-where the particle of comparison is explicitly mentioned-within the diwan of the Mukhadram poet Labīd b. Rabī&amp;rsquo;ah (d. 41/660), focusing on its role in constructing poetic meaning. The central problem of this research is the lack of a systematic demonstration regarding whether mursal simile in Labīd&amp;rsquo;s poetry serves merely as an aesthetic element or as a functional narrative tool that establishes and clarifies meaning. The aim of the study is to identify, within the framework of ilm al-bayan (the science of rhetoric), the contexts in which mursal simile applications occur in Labīd b. Rabī&amp;rsquo;ah&amp;rsquo;s diwan and how they contribute to the semantic structure of his poetry. In this regard, the research is significant as it highlights the explanatory and meaning-constituting aspects of simile in Pre-Islamic (Jahiliyya) poetry. The study employs a qualitative research method and was conducted using the descriptive analysis technique. Selected couplets from Labīd&amp;rsquo;s diwan were analyzed in terms of the elements and functions of the simile. The analysis reveals that Labīd utilized mursal simile not merely as a rhetorical ornament, but as a means to clearly and effectively express abstract concepts, emotional states, social affiliations, and ontological inquiries through concrete imagery. Consequently, mursal simile emerges as a fundamental narrative element that strengthens meaning and deepens description in Labīd&amp;rsquo;s poetry. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89867</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[763-799]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/2</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Bitlis İsyanı'nın Dini/Tarihi/Sosyolojik Arka Planı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Religious, Historical and Sociological Background Of The Bitlis Rebellion]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ersin SAVAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kamil ÇAYIR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Sosyolojisi, Bitlis, Molla Selim, Tarihi Bağlam, Sosyolojik Bağlam]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Religion, Bitlis, Molla Selim, Historical Context, Sociological Context.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;İnsanlık tarihi boyunca toplumsal yapıyı derinden etkileyen kitle hareketlerinden biri isyan ve isyan girişimleri olmuştur. Bu bağlamda Bitlis İsyanı, ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkış nedenleri ve sonu&amp;ccedil;ları itibarıyla &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu bir toplumsal olay olarak değerlendirilmektedir. İsyanın k&amp;ouml;kenleri incelendiğinde, dini, tarihi, siyasi, sosyolojik ve ekonomik fakt&amp;ouml;rlerin bir araya gelerek bu s&amp;uuml;reci şekillendirdiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle 18. y&amp;uuml;zyılın sonlarında meydana gelen Fransız İhtilali sonrasında Avrupa&amp;rsquo;da yayılmaya başlayan milliyet&amp;ccedil;ilik akımı, &amp;ccedil;ok uluslu imparatorluklar &amp;uuml;zerinde yıkıcı etkilere yol a&amp;ccedil;mıştır. Osmanlı Devleti de bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;ten &amp;ouml;nemli &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de etkilenmiş, egemenliği altındaki farklı etnik ve dini gruplar arasında milliyet&amp;ccedil;i d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerin yayılmasıyla &amp;ccedil;eşitli isyan hareketleriyle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Doğu Anadolu B&amp;ouml;lgesi&amp;rsquo;nde yaşayan farklı etnik unsurlar, milliyet&amp;ccedil;ilik fikrinin etkisiyle zaman zaman Osmanlı y&amp;ouml;netimini zor duruma sokan toplumsal hareketlere y&amp;ouml;nelmişlerdir. Bitlis İsyanı da bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede ele alınabilecek &amp;ouml;nemli ayaklanmalardan biridir. Bu araştırmada, Bitlis İsyanı&amp;rsquo;nın tarihsel arka planı ele alınmakla birlikte, esas olarak sosyolojik temelleri &amp;uuml;zerinde durulmuştur. Nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;nteminin benimsendiği &amp;ccedil;alışmada, isyanın toplumsal yapıya dayalı unsurlar ve bu unsurların işlevleri &amp;uuml;zerinden şekillendiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonu&amp;ccedil;ları, &amp;ouml;zellikle dini ve karizmatik &amp;ouml;zelliklere sahip lider fig&amp;uuml;rlerin kitleleri mobilize etme ve y&amp;ouml;nlendirme konusunda g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, Bitlis İsyanı&amp;rsquo;nın yalnızca tarihsel bir olay değil, aynı zamanda sosyolojik a&amp;ccedil;ıdan da incelenmesi gereken &amp;ouml;nemli bir toplumsal hareket olduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Throughout human history, rebellion and insurgent movements have been among the most influential forms of mass social action. In this context, the Bitlis Rebellion stands out as a multidimensional social phenomenon shaped by a combination of religious, historical, political, sociological, and economic factors. An examination of its origins reveals that these elements collectively played a decisive role in the emergence of the uprising. In particular, the spread of nationalist ideology following the French Revolution in the late eighteenth century had destabilizing effects on multi-ethnic empires. The Ottoman Empire was significantly affected by this process, as nationalist sentiments began to influence various ethnic and religious groups living under its rule. In Eastern Anatolia, diverse ethnic communities were increasingly influenced by nationalist ideas and, at times, engaged in social uprisings that challenged Ottoman authority. The Bitlis Rebellion can be considered one of the notable examples of such movements. While this study addresses the historical background of the rebellion, it primarily focuses on its sociological foundations. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study identifies structural and functional elements within the social context as central factors underlying the rebellion. The findings indicate that individuals possessing religious authority and charismatic qualities played a significant role in mobilizing and directing the masses. These leaders acted as catalysts, amplifying collective action and shaping the course of the uprising. Consequently, the Bitlis Rebellion should be understood not only as a historical event but also as an important case for sociological analysis in terms of social structure and function.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89790</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1453-1501]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/3</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ندوة العلماء ودورها في تطوير اللغة العربية وآدابها في الهند]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The role of scholars' seminars in developing the Arabic language and literature in India]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mahmoud Mohamad NAASSAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[ Nedvetü’l-Ulemâ, Arap dili, Âlimler, Edebiyatçılar, Hindistan, Kitaplar.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Nadwat al-ʿUlamāʾ, Arabic language, Scholars, Men of letters, India, Books.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt; line-height: 115%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Nedvet&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Ulem&amp;acirc;, hicr&amp;icirc; yirminci y&amp;uuml;zyılda kurulmuş ilm&amp;icirc; bir kurumdur. Arap dilinin geliştirilmesine, seviyesinin y&amp;uuml;kseltilmesine, kurallarının korunmasına, tanıtılmasına ve Hint alt kıtasında yayılmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. Arap&amp;ccedil;a; k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n, siyasetin, medeniyetin ve tarihin dili olmasının yanı sıra Kur&amp;rsquo;an-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;in ve Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) s&amp;uuml;nnetinin dili, ayrıca İslam dininin dili olması sebebiyle &amp;acirc;limlerin d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerinin temel dayanağını ve dilcilerin faaliyetleri i&amp;ccedil;in dilsel bir zemin teşkil etmiştir. Bu se&amp;ccedil;kin konumu dolayısıyla Nedve &amp;acirc;limleri Arap&amp;ccedil;aya gereken &amp;ouml;nemi ve değeri vermiş, onu m&amp;uuml;fredat programlarında ve ilm&amp;icirc; tasniflerde hak ettiği yere koymuşlardır. B&amp;ouml;ylece Arap dili ve edebiyatı, &amp;acirc;limler ve edebiyat&amp;ccedil;ılar tarafından bir edeb&amp;icirc; uyanışa kavuşmuş; &amp;ccedil;ocuklar arasında yaygınlaştırılması hususunda &amp;ouml;zel bir ilgi g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;ş; d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;rler tarafından Arap dili ilimleri ve sanatlarındaki m&amp;uuml;fredatlar geliştirilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt; line-height: 115%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Bu değişiklikler ilm&amp;icirc;, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ve edeb&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;evrelerde kabul g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;ş; mutedil yaklaşımı ve yaygınlığı sayesinde t&amp;uuml;m Arap ve İslam &amp;uuml;lkelerine yayılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Nedvet&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Ulem&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;daki &amp;acirc;limler Arap dili ve ilimlerine b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;nem vermiş, d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncede itidal, se&amp;ccedil;kin faaliyet ve hedefe y&amp;ouml;nelik ıslah anlayışıyla tanınan bir&amp;ccedil;ok dilbilimsel ve edeb&amp;icirc; eser kaleme almışlardır. Bu sayede Hindistan, Arap&amp;ccedil;a konuşulmayan &amp;uuml;lkeler arasında dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekici ilm&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;alışmaları ve &amp;ouml;nc&amp;uuml; fikr&amp;icirc; hareketleriyle &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt; line-height: 115%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Ayrıca İslami Arap okulları, edeb&amp;icirc; kurumlar ve &amp;uuml;niversiteler &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;ـ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;ki Nedvet&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Ulem&amp;acirc; da bu kurumların başında gelir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"&gt;ـ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;bu ilişkilerin canlandırılmasında temel bir rol oynamış; Arap&amp;ccedil;anın gelişmesine ve edebiyatının ilerlemesine &amp;ccedil;eşitli yollarla katkıda bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında İslami Edebiyat Birliği&amp;rsquo;nin, İslami İlimler Akademisi&amp;rsquo;nin, Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve Şer&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc; &amp;Ccedil;alışmalar Merkezi&amp;rsquo;nin kurulması gibi başka faaliyetler de y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. &amp;Acirc;limler bu &amp;ccedil;alışmaları Arap dili ilimlerini ve sanatlarını geliştirmek, kurallarını ve meselelerini korumak amacıyla ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirmişlerdir. B&amp;ouml;ylece bu ilm&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;alışmalar ve fikr&amp;icirc; faaliyetler, Arap diline ait k&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phaneye ve onun tarih&amp;icirc; kaynaklarına &amp;ouml;nemli bir katkı sağlamıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt; line-height: 115%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Bu makalenin hazırlanmasında, fikr&amp;icirc; ve eğitsel i&amp;ccedil;eriğine uygun olması sebebiyle betimleyici ve tarih&amp;icirc; y&amp;ouml;ntem tercih edilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt; line-height: 115%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Nadwat al-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;"&gt;ʿ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Ulam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-bidi-font-family: Aptos;"&gt;ā&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;"&gt;ʾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt; is a scholarly institution that was established in the twentieth century Hijri. It has contributed significantly to the development of the Arabic language, the enhancement of its standard, the preservation of its grammatical rules, and its promotion and dissemination in the Indian subcontinent. Since Arabic is the language of culture, politics, civilization, and history&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-bidi-font-family: Aptos;"&gt;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;apart from being the language of the Qur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-bidi-font-family: Aptos;"&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;an and the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and the language of Islam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-bidi-font-family: Aptos;"&gt;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;it has formed a fundamental pillar of scholars&amp;rsquo; intellectual thought and a linguistic foundation for the activities of linguists.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt; line-height: 115%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Owing to this distinguished status, the scholars of Nadwa accorded Arabic its due attention and appreciation, granting it its rightful place in academic curricula and scholarly classification. As a result, the Arabic language and its literature experienced an intellectual and literary renaissance at the hands of scholars and men of letters. Special care was given to expanding its reach among younger generations, and intellectuals worked on developing curricula in Arabic sciences and literary arts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt; line-height: 115%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;These changes gained acceptance in scholarly, cultural, and literary circles, and&amp;mdash;through moderation and wide dissemination&amp;mdash;spread throughout Arab and Islamic countries. Accordingly, the scholars of Nadwat al-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;"&gt;ʿ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Ulam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-bidi-font-family: Aptos;"&gt;ā&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;"&gt;ʾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt; devoted great attention to Arabic studies and sciences, producing a number of linguistic and literary works distinguished by their moderate thought, outstanding activity, and reform-oriented approach. Thus, India became distinguished among non-Arab countries for its remarkable scholarly contributions and pioneering intellectual movements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt; line-height: 115%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Moreover, Islamic Arabic schools, literary institutions, and universities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"&gt;ـ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;among which Nadwat al-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;"&gt;ʿ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Ulam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-bidi-font-family: Aptos;"&gt;ā&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;"&gt;ʾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt; is one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos;"&gt;ـ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;played a fundamental role in revitalizing these relations. They contributed to the growth of the Arabic language and the advancement of its literature through various means, alongside other activities such as the establishment of the Islamic Literature League, the Islamic Scientific Academy, and the Academy of Scientific Research and Islamic Studies, among others. These initiatives were undertaken by scholars to develop Arabic sciences and arts and to preserve their rules and issues. Consequently, these scholarly works and intellectual activities have added valuable contributions to Arabic linguistic libraries and their historical sources.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.85pt; line-height: 115%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;In preparing this article, the descriptive and historical approaches were adopted, as they best suit its intellectual and educational content.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89723</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1311-1369]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/4</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Fransa Ulusal Kütüphanesindeki Mi‘racnâme Mi‘racnâme  (Turc 190) Minyatürlerindeki Burak Tasvirleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Buraq Depictions in the Mirajname Miniatures (Turc 190) of the National Library of France ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Seçil SEVER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Geleneksel Türk Sanatları, İslam Sanatı, Minyatür Sanatı, Burak, Mi‘racnâme, Mi‘rac, BnF Suppl. Turc 190]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Traditional Turkish Art, Islamic Art, Miniature Art, Buraq, Mi‘racnâme, Mi‘raj, BnF Suppl. Turc 190]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı, Fransa Ulusal K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phanesi'nde bulunan 1436 yılında &amp;Ccedil;ağatay T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;esiyle Herat&amp;rsquo;ta yazılmış olan "Mi&amp;lsquo;racn&amp;acirc;me(Turc 190)&amp;rdquo; adlı el yazmasındaki Burak fig&amp;uuml;rlerinin tasarım &amp;ouml;zelliklerini, İslam minyat&amp;uuml;r sanatındaki yeri ve &amp;ouml;nemini incelemektir. Mi&amp;lsquo;racn&amp;acirc;me, Hz. Muhammed&amp;rsquo;in (s.a.v.) en &amp;ouml;nemli peygamberlik mucizesi olan İsra ve Mi&amp;lsquo;rac hadiselerini konu alan İslam edebiyatı t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;r. G&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze ulaşan, en zengin g&amp;ouml;rseller i&amp;ccedil;eren minyat&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml; Mi&amp;lsquo;racn&amp;acirc;me&amp;rsquo;lerin başında gelen bu el yazması da peygamberimizin Mekke&amp;rsquo;den Kud&amp;uuml;s&amp;rsquo;e giderek Allah&amp;rsquo;ın (c.c.) huzuruna y&amp;uuml;kselişi ile aynı gece geri d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; anlatmaktadır. Eserde bu kutsal yolculuk 58 farklı minyat&amp;uuml;r ile aşamalar halinde tasvir edilmiştir. Burak fig&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;, Hz. Muhammed&amp;rsquo;in bu yolculukta kullandığı kutsal binek olarak b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir &amp;ouml;nem taşımaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada, &amp;ldquo;Mi&amp;lsquo;rac yolculuğuna &amp;ccedil;ıkış,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;Yakup ve Yusuf peygamberlerle tanışma,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;cennet&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;cehennem&amp;rdquo; ziyaretlerini konu alan minyat&amp;uuml;rler, Burak fig&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; odak alınarak tasarım &amp;ouml;zellikleri a&amp;ccedil;ısından incelenmiştir. Betimleyici ve analitik y&amp;ouml;ntemle y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;len &amp;ccedil;alışmada, y&amp;uuml;ksek &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;kl&amp;uuml; dijital g&amp;ouml;rseller &amp;uuml;zerinden Burak fig&amp;uuml;rlerinin y&amp;uuml;z, g&amp;ouml;vde ve kuyruk yapısı, hareket ve y&amp;uuml;z ifadeleri, kompozisyon i&amp;ccedil;indeki yeri ve renk tercihleri değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara g&amp;ouml;re, Burak fig&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;, minyat&amp;uuml;rlerde melek veya insana benzeyen y&amp;uuml;z hatlarına ve ata benzeyen bir v&amp;uuml;cut yapısına sahip olarak resmedilmiştir. Ayrıca, kompozisyonda meleklere benzeyen y&amp;uuml;z tipi ve kıyafet ile tasvir edilmesi, onun da kutsal bir fig&amp;uuml;r olarak kabul edildiğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bu sonu&amp;ccedil;lar, Burak fig&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n d&amp;ouml;nemin estetik ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel anlayışlarına uygun olarak bi&amp;ccedil;imlendiğini ve İslam minyat&amp;uuml;r sanatına ikonografik a&amp;ccedil;ıdan &amp;ouml;nemli katkılar sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The aim of this study is to examine the design features, place, and significance of the Buraq figure in the Islamic miniature art of the Mi&amp;lsquo;racn&amp;acirc;me (Turc 190), a manuscript written in Chagatai Turkish in Herat in 1436 and housed in the National Library of France. The Mi&amp;lsquo;racn&amp;acirc;me is a genre of Islamic literature that recounts the Isra and Mi&amp;lsquo;raj, the Prophet Muhammad&amp;rsquo;s (PBUH) most significant miracles. This manuscript, one of the most visually rich surviving Mi&amp;lsquo;racn&amp;acirc;mes, narrates the Prophet&amp;rsquo;s night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, his ascent to the presence of Allah, and his return to Earth that same night. The sacred journey is illustrated in 58 unique miniatures, which depict different stages of this event. In the manuscript, the Buraq figure, a sacred steed used by the Prophet Muhammad in his journey, holds great importance. This study analyzes the miniatures on &amp;ldquo;Departure for the Mi&amp;lsquo;raj Journey,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;Meeting the Prophets Jacob and Joseph,&amp;rdquo; and the &amp;ldquo;Visits to Heaven and Hell,&amp;rdquo; focusing on the design characteristics of the Buraq figure. Using descriptive and analytical methods, the study examines the Buraq figures in terms of facial, body, and tail structure, movement, facial expressions, placement in the composition, and color choices through high-resolution digital images. Findings show that the Buraq figure is illustrated with angelic or human-like facial features and a body similar to a horse. Moreover, the Buraq&amp;rsquo;s face type and attire, resembling those of the angels in composition, indicate its sacred status. These results reveal that the Buraq figure was shaped in accordance with the aesthetic and cultural understandings of the period, making significant iconographic contributions to Islamic miniature art.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89712</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1503-1554]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/5</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Gassân Kenefânî’nin Öykülerinde Aile, Dil ve Kimlik Aktarımı: Hüzünlü Portakallar Yurdu ve Sınırın En Uzağında Üzerine Bir İnceleme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Family, Language, and Identity Transmission in Ghassan Kenefânî’s Short Stories: An Analysis of The Land of Sad Oranges and Beyond the Borders ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ayşe KAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı, Gassan Kenefânî, Vatan-Aile Sembiyozu, Dilsel Direniş, Filistin Lehçesi, Aile.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Language and Literature, Ghassan Kanafani, Homeland-Family Symbiosis, Linguistic Resistance, Palestinian Dialect, Family.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Modern Filistin edebiyatının kurucu ismi Gass&amp;acirc;n Kenef&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin kurgu d&amp;uuml;nyası, sadece hayal g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;nden ibaret olmayıp yazarın bizzat ruhunda taşıdığı s&amp;uuml;rg&amp;uuml;n trajedisinin ve vatan hasretinin derin izlerini barındırır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, yazarın sembolik değeri y&amp;uuml;ksek eserlerinden biri olan &lt;em&gt;H&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml; Portakallar Yurdu&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;أرض البرتقال الحزين&lt;/span&gt;) adlı &amp;ouml;yk&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;; direniş, kimlik ve aile ekseninde kapsamlı bir tahlile tabi tutmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın temel hareket noktası, ailenin nesiller arasında sarsılmaz k&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml;ler kurarak ge&amp;ccedil;mişin birikimini, dilini ve değerlerini geleceğe aktaran en hayati sosyal birim olduğu ger&amp;ccedil;eğidir. Kenef&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin metninde portakal bah&amp;ccedil;eleri sadece bir tarım alanı değil, kutsallaştırılmış bir &amp;ldquo;baba ocağı&amp;rdquo;; vatan toprağı ise şefkati simgeleyen bir &amp;ldquo;ana kucağı&amp;rdquo; metaforu olarak işlenir. Nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinden metin analizi tekniğinin kullanıldığı bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, ailenin dil ve kimlik muhafazasındaki stratejik &amp;ouml;nemi edeb&amp;icirc; bir bakışla incelenmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, par&amp;ccedil;alanmış yuvaların g&amp;ouml;lgesinde yeşeren bu edeb&amp;icirc; mirasın, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z m&amp;uuml;lteci ger&amp;ccedil;ekliğine tuttuğu ışığı ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel aktarımın hayatiyetini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Modern Filistin edebiyatının kurucu ismi Gass&amp;acirc;n Kenef&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin kurgu d&amp;uuml;nyası, sadece hayal g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;nden ibaret olmayıp yazarın bizzat ruhunda taşıdığı s&amp;uuml;rg&amp;uuml;n trajedisinin ve vatan hasretinin derin izlerini barındırır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, yazarın sembolik değeri y&amp;uuml;ksek eserlerinden biri olan &lt;em&gt;H&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml; Portakallar Yurdu&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;أرض البرتقال الحزين&lt;/span&gt;) adlı &amp;ouml;yk&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;; direniş, kimlik ve aile ekseninde kapsamlı bir tahlile tabi tutmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın temel hareket noktası, ailenin nesiller arasında sarsılmaz k&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml;ler kurarak ge&amp;ccedil;mişin birikimini, dilini ve değerlerini geleceğe aktaran en hayati sosyal birim olduğu ger&amp;ccedil;eğidir. Kenef&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin metninde portakal bah&amp;ccedil;eleri sadece bir tarım alanı değil, kutsallaştırılmış bir &amp;ldquo;baba ocağı&amp;rdquo;; vatan toprağı ise şefkati simgeleyen bir &amp;ldquo;ana kucağı&amp;rdquo; metaforu olarak işlenir. Nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinden metin analizi tekniğinin kullanıldığı bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, ailenin dil ve kimlik muhafazasındaki stratejik &amp;ouml;nemi edeb&amp;icirc; bir bakışla incelenmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, par&amp;ccedil;alanmış yuvaların g&amp;ouml;lgesinde yeşeren bu edeb&amp;icirc; mirasın, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z m&amp;uuml;lteci ger&amp;ccedil;ekliğine tuttuğu ışığı ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel aktarımın hayatiyetini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Modern Filistin edebiyatının kurucu ismi Gass&amp;acirc;n Kenef&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin kurgu d&amp;uuml;nyası, sadece hayal g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;nden ibaret olmayıp yazarın bizzat ruhunda taşıdığı s&amp;uuml;rg&amp;uuml;n trajedisinin ve vatan hasretinin derin izlerini barındırır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, yazarın sembolik değeri y&amp;uuml;ksek eserlerinden biri olan &lt;em&gt;H&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml; Portakallar Yurdu&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;أرض البرتقال الحزين&lt;/span&gt;) adlı &amp;ouml;yk&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;; direniş, kimlik ve aile ekseninde kapsamlı bir tahlile tabi tutmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın temel hareket noktası, ailenin nesiller arasında sarsılmaz k&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml;ler kurarak ge&amp;ccedil;mişin birikimini, dilini ve değerlerini geleceğe aktaran en hayati sosyal birim olduğu ger&amp;ccedil;eğidir. Kenef&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin metninde portakal bah&amp;ccedil;eleri sadece bir tarım alanı değil, kutsallaştırılmış bir &amp;ldquo;baba ocağı&amp;rdquo;; vatan toprağı ise şefkati simgeleyen bir &amp;ldquo;ana kucağı&amp;rdquo; metaforu olarak işlenir. Nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinden metin analizi tekniğinin kullanıldığı bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, ailenin dil ve kimlik muhafazasındaki stratejik &amp;ouml;nemi edeb&amp;icirc; bir bakışla incelenmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, par&amp;ccedil;alanmış yuvaların g&amp;ouml;lgesinde yeşeren bu edeb&amp;icirc; mirasın, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z m&amp;uuml;lteci ger&amp;ccedil;ekliğine tuttuğu ışığı ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel aktarımın hayatiyetini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The fictional world of Ghassan Kanafani, a foundational figure in modern Palestinian literature, is not merely a product of imagination but bears the profound traces of the exile trauma and yearning for the homeland that the author carried within his soul. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the short story &lt;em&gt;The Land of Sad Oranges&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;أرض البرتقال الحزين&lt;/span&gt;), one of the author's most symbolically significant works, through the axes of resistance, identity, and family. The fundamental premise of the research is that the family is the most vital social unit, establishing unshakable bridges between generations to transmit the accumulation, language, and values of the past into the future. In Kanafani's text, orange groves are depicted not just as agricultural areas but as a sacralized &amp;ldquo;father's hearth,&amp;rdquo; while the homeland is treated as a metaphor for a &amp;ldquo;mother's embrace&amp;rdquo; symbolizing compassion. Employing the qualitative method of textual analysis, this study examines the strategic importance of the family in the preservation of language and identity from a literary perspective. The study aims to reveal the light shed by this literary heritage, which flourished in the shadow of fragmented homes, upon contemporary refugee realities and the vitality of cultural transmission.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89633</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1085-1133]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/6</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Deyndar Romanında Bir Raya Heqi (Alevi) Mekânı Goşkar Baba]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Raya Heqi (Alevi) Place in the Novel Deyndar Goşkar Baba]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İbrahim DAĞILMA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Haci İbrahim AYTEKİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Zazaca, Roman, Gımgım, Mekân, Goşkar Baba]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Zazaki, Novel, Gimgim, Space, Goshkar Baba]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;div id="model-response-message-contentr_984d19aeae70e8ea" class="markdown markdown-main-panel stronger enable-updated-hr-color" dir="ltr" aria-live="polite" aria-busy="false"&gt;&#13;
&lt;p data-path-to-node="2"&gt;Zaza dili ve edebiyatı, diğer dillerle kıyaslandığında yazıya ge&amp;ccedil; aşamada d&amp;ouml;k&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Bunun bir&amp;ccedil;ok sosyal, siyasi, ekonomik, dini ve coğrafi nedeni bulunmaktadır. Klasik edebiyat alanında Zazacanın ilk yazılı &amp;ouml;rneği, 1899 yılında Ehmed&amp;ecirc; Xas&amp;icirc; tarafından kaleme alınan Mewlid&amp;ecirc; Nebiyyul Qureyşiyyi iken; modern alandaki ilk yazılı &amp;ouml;rnek ise 1963 yılında Roja Newe gazetesinde yayımlanan Macera &amp;ecirc; Sıleman&amp;ecirc; Ginci adlı anı/&amp;ouml;yk&amp;uuml; &amp;ccedil;alışmasıdır. 1979 yılında T&amp;icirc;r&amp;ecirc;j dergisi ile ivme kazanan modern Zaza edebiyatı, bug&amp;uuml;n geldiğimiz noktada iyi bir seviyeye ulaşmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p data-path-to-node="3"&gt;Zazaca modern edebiyat kapsamında değerlendirilebilecek eser sayısı 300&amp;rsquo;&amp;uuml; aşmıştır. Kendi şartları ve imkanları dahilinde &amp;ouml;nemli olan bu eserler arasında 30 civarında roman bulunmaktadır. Zazaca romanlar; "kurgu, i&amp;ccedil;erik, dil, &amp;uuml;slup ve bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısı" gibi roman unsurları bağlamında r&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ispatlamıştır. Hesen Dilawer D&amp;ecirc;rsim tarafından yazılan Deyndar romanı da bu romanlardan biridir.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p data-path-to-node="4"&gt;2014 yılında yayımlanan&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Deyndar (Bor&amp;ccedil;lu) romanında, Hus&amp;ecirc;n isimli karakter başkahraman olarak karşımıza &amp;ccedil;ıkar. Romandaki "doğum, hastalık, aşk, dağ, &amp;ouml;rg&amp;uuml;t, hapishane ve &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m" gibi ana temalar Hus&amp;ecirc;n&amp;rsquo;in hayatı etrafında şekillenir. Romanda anneden ayrılış ve ona duyulan &amp;ouml;zlem; bir sadakat, &amp;ouml;denmemiş bir bor&amp;ccedil; olarak ele alınır. Gımgım (Varto), bu romanda "dini ve coğrafi" a&amp;ccedil;ıdan değerlendirilebilecek temel bir mekan olarak &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkar. Bu mekan, Goşkar Baba Dağı ve T&amp;uuml;rbesi'dir. Romanda Goşkar Baba Dağı, ger&amp;ccedil;eklik boyutunun yanı sıra "masalsı, dini ve folklorik" bir anlam ve algı bi&amp;ccedil;imiyle yer alır.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p data-path-to-node="5"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, Deyndar romanı &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde Gımgım&amp;rsquo;ın Xoşa k&amp;ouml;y&amp;uuml;, Goşkar Baba ziyareti, Gimgim, lise ve hastane gibi mekanlar; nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinden biri olan "eser inceleme y&amp;ouml;ntemi" kullanılarak, olay-mekan ve mekan-inan&amp;ccedil; ilişkisi bağlamında incelenecektir.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;/div&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Compared to other languages, the Zazaki language and literature were committed to writing at a late stage. There are many social, political, economic, religious, and geographical reasons for this. The first written example of Zazaki in the field of classical literature is &lt;em&gt;Mewlid&amp;ecirc; Nebiyyul Qureyşiyyi&lt;/em&gt;, written by Ehmed&amp;ecirc; Xas&amp;icirc; in 1899, while the first written example in the modern field is the memoir/story work titled&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Macera &amp;ecirc; Sıleman&amp;ecirc; Ginci&lt;/em&gt;, published in the newspaper&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Roja Newe&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;in 1963. Modern Zaza literature, which gained momentum with&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;T&amp;icirc;r&amp;ecirc;j&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;magazine in 1979, has reached a good level at the point we have arrived today. The number of works that can be evaluated within modern literature in Zazaki has exceeded 300. Among these works, which are significant within their own conditions and possibilities, there are around 30 novels. Zazaki novels have proven their maturity in the context of novel elements such as 'fiction, content, language, style, and perspective'. The novel&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Deyndar&lt;/em&gt;, written by Hesen Dilawer D&amp;ecirc;rsim, is one of these novels. In the novel&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Deyndar&lt;/em&gt; (The Indebted/The Debtor), published in 2014, a character named Hus&amp;ecirc;n appears as the protagonist. Major themes in the novel such as &amp;lsquo;birth, illness, love, mountain, organization, prison, and death&amp;rsquo; take place around Hus&amp;ecirc;n&amp;rsquo;s life. In the novel, separation from a mother and the longing felt for her are handled as a loyalty, an unpaid debt. Gimgim (Varto) stands out in this novel with a main space that can be evaluated from a 'religious and geographical' aspect. This space is the Goşkar (Goshkar) Baba Mountain and Tomb. In the novel, Goşkar Baba Mountain appears in a form of meaning and perception that is 'fairytale-like, religious, and folkloric' along with its dimension of reality. In this study, within the framework of the novel&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Deyndar&lt;/em&gt;, spaces such as Gimgim&amp;rsquo;s Xoşa village, the Goşkar Baba shrine (z&amp;icirc;yaret), Varto, the high school, and the hospital will be examined using the &amp;lsquo;work analysis method,&amp;rsquo; one of the qualitative research methods, within the framework of event-space and space-faith relationships&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89616</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[729-761]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/7</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Eine Betrachtung der Mutterschaft im Kontext der Grundbegriffe des Islam]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Motherhood in the Light of Fundamental Islamic Concepts: A Sufi Perspective]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hatice Dilek GÜLDÜTUNA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sufismus, Mutterschaft, umma, raḥma, ǧanna, al-insān al-kāmil, ‛ıšq]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sufism, motherhood, umma, raḥma, janna, al-insān al-kāmil, ‛ıshq]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;In der islamischen, insbesondere der Sufi-Literatur, nimmt der Begriff der Mutterschaft (&lt;em&gt;umm&lt;/em&gt;) eine zentrale Stellung ein. Er ist in grundlegenden religi&amp;ouml;s-metaphysischen Begriffen wie &lt;em&gt;ummu&amp;rsquo;l-kitāb, ummu&amp;rsquo;l-Qur&amp;rsquo;ān&lt;/em&gt; und &lt;em&gt;ummu&amp;rsquo;l-asmā&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt; verankert und wird mit zentralen Konzepten des Islam wie &lt;em&gt;raḥma&lt;/em&gt; (Barmherzigkeit), &lt;em&gt;umma&lt;/em&gt; (Gemeinschaft) und &lt;em&gt;ǧanna&lt;/em&gt; (Paradies) verbunden. Die Sufis deuten &lt;em&gt;umm&lt;/em&gt; als Schl&amp;uuml;sselbegriff zur Erkl&amp;auml;rung von Sch&amp;ouml;pfung, Sein und Wissen. &lt;em&gt;Ummu&amp;rsquo;l-kitāb&lt;/em&gt; gilt dabei als Quelle des Seins und der Erkenntnis, w&amp;auml;hrend die Welt als Manifestation g&amp;ouml;ttlicher Namen und Eigenschaften verstanden wird. Der Mensch wird als Ziel der Sch&amp;ouml;pfung betrachtet, dessen h&amp;ouml;chste Vollendung im &lt;em&gt;insān kāmil&lt;/em&gt; (vollkommener Mensch) sichtbar wird &amp;ndash; exemplarisch in den Propheten, gipfelnd im Propheten Mohammed. Das Paradies erscheint nicht nur als &amp;auml;u&amp;szlig;erer Ort, sondern auch als innerer Zustand geistiger Freude, der aus der Verbindung mit Gott hervorgeht und in Gemeinschaft weitergetragen wird. Zentral ist die Betonung der allumfassenden g&amp;ouml;ttlichen Barmherzigkeit, die in m&amp;uuml;tterlicher F&amp;uuml;rsorge ihren Ausdruck findet. Diese spiegelt sich in den g&amp;ouml;ttlichen Namen &lt;em&gt;Raḥmān&lt;/em&gt; und &lt;em&gt;Raḥīm&lt;/em&gt; wider, die fast jede Koransure mit der Basmala einleiten und die unendliche, sch&amp;ouml;pfungsumfassende Liebe und Barmherzigkeit Gottes verdeutlichen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;In Islamic and, in particular, Sufi literature, the concept of motherhood (&lt;em&gt;umm&lt;/em&gt;) occupies a central position. It is anchored in fundamental religious-metaphysical terms such as &lt;em&gt;ummu&amp;rsquo;l-kitāb&lt;/em&gt; (Mother of the Book), &lt;em&gt;ummu&amp;rsquo;l-Qur&amp;rsquo;ān&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;ummu&amp;rsquo;l-asmā&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt; (Mother of the Names), and is intrinsically linked to core Islamic concepts such as &lt;em&gt;raḥma&lt;/em&gt; (mercy/compassion), &lt;em&gt;umma&lt;/em&gt; (community), and &lt;em&gt;ǧanna&lt;/em&gt; (paradise). Sufis interpret the term &lt;em&gt;umm&lt;/em&gt; as a foundational key for the explanation of creation, existence, and knowledge. Within this framework, &lt;em&gt;ummu&amp;rsquo;l-kitāb&lt;/em&gt; is considered the source of being and knowledge, whereas the world is understood as the manifestation of divine names and attributes. The human being is regarded as the ultimate goal of creation, whose highest perfection is manifested in the &lt;em&gt;insān kāmil&lt;/em&gt; (perfect human)&amp;mdash;exemplified by the prophets and culminating in the Prophet Muhammad. Paradise is perceived not merely as an external location but as an inner state of spiritual joy arising from the relationship with God and carried forward in community. Central to this discourse is the emphasis on all-encompassing divine mercy, which finds its primary expression in maternal care. This mercy is reflected in the divine names &lt;em&gt;al-Raḥmān&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;al-Raḥīm&lt;/em&gt;, which introduce almost every Surah of the Quran through (with) the &lt;em&gt;Basmala&lt;/em&gt; and illustrate God&amp;rsquo;s infinite love and compassion that encompasses all of creation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89598</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1035-1083]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/8</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Bağlı Tüketici Kredisinde Müteselsil Sorumluluk ve Kârın Meşruiyeti: İslâm Hukuku Açısından Bir Değerlendirme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Joint and Several Liability and the Legitimacy of Profit in Linked Consumer Credit: An Evaluation from the Perspective of Islamic Law]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nurten Zeliha ŞAHİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslâm Hukuku, Bağlı Tüketici Kredisi, Murâbaha, Kâr–Risk Dengesi, Müteselsil Sorumluluk, Damân,]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Law, Linked Consumer Credit, Murābaḥah, Profit–Risk Balance, Joint and Several Liability, Ḍamān.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 253.4pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışmamız 6502 sayılı T&amp;uuml;keticinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun kapsamında d&amp;uuml;zenlenen bağlı t&amp;uuml;ketici kredisi s&amp;ouml;zleşmelerini, İsl&amp;acirc;m hukukunda k&amp;acirc;rın meşruiyeti a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle kredi veren kuruluşun satıcı ile birlikte m&amp;uuml;teselsilen sorumlu tutulduğu durumlarda, temlik ve kabz gibi klasik &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;tler ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşmeksizin k&amp;acirc;rın meşruiyetini hangi şartlar altında etkileyebileceği sorusu, &amp;ccedil;alışmanın temel problemini oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırmamız, İsl&amp;acirc;m hukukunda merkezi bir yere sahip olan dam&amp;acirc;n (tazmin y&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;ml&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;) ile k&amp;acirc;r&amp;ndash;risk (gunm&amp;ndash;gurm) dengesi arasındaki ilişkinin modern finansman yapıları i&amp;ccedil;inde nasıl konumlandırılabileceğini tartışmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmamızda &amp;ouml;ncelikle bağlı kredi ilişkisi pozitif hukuk &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde tanımlanmış; daha sonra mur&amp;acirc;baha ve taksitli satış gibi mal temelli akitlerle karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma, ilgili akitlerde m&amp;uuml;lkiyet, kabz ve risk &amp;uuml;stlenimi gibi unsurlar &amp;uuml;zerinden ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. Devamında, İsl&amp;acirc;m hukukunda tesels&amp;uuml;l (ted&amp;acirc;m&amp;uuml;n) kavramı incelenmiş; bu kavramın klasik fıkıhta genel bir bor&amp;ccedil;landırma tekniği değil, kef&amp;acirc;let, vek&amp;acirc;let ve şirket akitleri gibi belirli akd&amp;icirc; ilişkilerde ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan istisna&amp;icirc; bir sonu&amp;ccedil; olduğu g&amp;ouml;sterilmiştir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle m&amp;uuml;f&amp;acirc;vada ortaklığı &amp;uuml;zerinden &amp;ouml;rneklendirilen tesels&amp;uuml;l yapılarının dayandığı gerek&amp;ccedil;eler incelenmiş ve bağlı kredi ile arasındaki yapısal farklara işaret edilmiştir. Bağlı kredi s&amp;ouml;zleşmesinde ise m&amp;uuml;teselsil sorumluluğun, tarafların iradesine değil, t&amp;uuml;keticiyi korumaya y&amp;ouml;nelik kanundan kaynaklanan bir d&amp;uuml;zenlemeye dayandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular, klasik fıkıhta k&amp;acirc;rın meşruiyetini sağlayan en &amp;ouml;nemli unsurlardan biri olan tazmin y&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;ml&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n, yalnızca şeklen var olmasıyla değil, hem fiil&amp;icirc; hem de hukuken ger&amp;ccedil;ek bir sorumluluk doğuracak bi&amp;ccedil;imde &amp;uuml;stlenilmesiyle anlam kazandığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bu bağlamda, kredi verenin bağlı kredi ilişkisinde maldan doğan sorumluluğu ger&amp;ccedil;ekten &amp;uuml;stlenmesi ve t&amp;uuml;keticinin zararı karşısında m&amp;uuml;teselsilen sorumlu tutulması, İsl&amp;acirc;m hukukundaki dam&amp;acirc;n&amp;ndash;k&amp;acirc;r ilişkisinin belirli şartlar altında modern yapılara uygulanabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Mecelle&amp;rsquo;de yer alan &amp;ldquo;el-gunm&amp;uuml; bi&amp;rsquo;l-gurm&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;el-harac bi&amp;rsquo;d-dam&amp;acirc;n&amp;rdquo; kaideleri &amp;uuml;zerinden yapılan &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mlemeler, m&amp;uuml;lkiyet veya temlik ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşmeden de sorumluluğun fiilen &amp;uuml;stlenildiği durumlarda k&amp;acirc;rın meşruiyetine dair bir zemin oluşturabileceğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak &amp;ccedil;alışmamız, bağlı kredi uygulamasında kredi veren kuruluşun t&amp;uuml;keticiye karşı m&amp;uuml;teselsil sorumluluğunun bulunduğu h&amp;acirc;llerde, temlik ve kabz ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşmemiş olsa dahi, rib&amp;acirc; yasağına aykırı olmayan ve risk paylaşımına dayalı bir k&amp;acirc;r yapısının m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n olabileceğini savunmaktadır. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle &amp;ccedil;alışma, İsl&amp;acirc;m hukukunda k&amp;acirc;rın meşruiyetini temellendiren dam&amp;acirc;n unsurunu modern t&amp;uuml;ketici kredisi modelleri bağlamında yeniden değerlendirmekte ve tesels&amp;uuml;l&amp;ndash;dam&amp;acirc;n&amp;ndash;k&amp;acirc;r ilişkisi ekseninde &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n bir metodolojik perspektif sunmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Our study aims to evaluate tied consumer credit agreements, regulated under Law No. 6502 on the Protection of the Consumer, in terms of the legitimacy of profit in Islamic law. The fundamental problem of our study is the question of under what conditions the legitimacy of profit may be affected in cases where the credit institution is held jointly and severally liable with the seller, even though classical criteria such as tamlik (transfer of ownership) and qabḍ (possession) are not fulfilled. In this context, our research discusses how the relationship between ḍamān (liability for compensation), which holds a central position in Islamic law, and the profit&amp;ndash;risk (ghunm&amp;ndash;ghurm) balance can be positioned within modern financial structures. In our study, the tied credit relationship is first defined within the framework of positive law; subsequently, it is examined through a comparative analysis with asset-based contracts such as murābaḥah and deferred payment sales. This comparison is carried out based on elements such as ownership, possession, and the assumption of risk in the relevant contracts. Thereafter, the concept of tadāmun (joint and several liability) in Islamic law is examined; it is demonstrated that this concept does not constitute a general debt-creating technique in classical jurisprudence, but rather an exceptional result arising in specific contractual relationships such as kafālah (surety), wakālah (agency), and shirkah (partnerships). The justifications underlying joint liability structures, particularly those exemplified through mufāwaḍah partnerships, are examined, and the structural differences between these and tied credit relationships are highlighted. In tied credit agreements, joint and several liability is found to be based not on the will of the parties, but on a regulation derived from law aimed at protecting the consumer. The findings show that ḍamān, one of the most important elements ensuring the legitimacy of profit in classical Islamic jurisprudence, gains its significance not merely through formal existence, but by being undertaken in a way that creates both actual and legally valid responsibility. In this regard, the actual assumption of liability by the creditor arising from the good in the tied credit relationship and the imposition of joint and several liability in the event of consumer loss reveal that the ḍamān&amp;ndash;profit relationship in Islamic law can be applicable to modern financial structures under certain conditions. The analyses based on the legal maxims &amp;ldquo;al-ghunm bi&amp;rsquo;l-ghurm&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;al-kharāj bi&amp;rsquo;l-ḍamān&amp;rdquo;, as found in the Majalla, demonstrate that a basis for the legitimacy of profit may be established even in the absence of ownership or transfer, in cases where liability is effectively assumed. In conclusion, our study argues that in cases where the credit institution holds joint and several liability towards the consumer in the application of tied credit, a profit structure based on risk-sharing and not contrary to the prohibition of ribā may be possible, even if tamlik and qabḍ have not occurred. In this respect, our study re-evaluates the concept of ḍamān, which grounds the legitimacy of profit in Islamic law, in the context of modern consumer credit models and presents a unique methodological perspective along the axis of the tadāmun&amp;ndash;ḍamān&amp;ndash;profit relationship.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89594</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1597-1648]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/9</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[الحرّية في الشريعة الإسلامية بين الشورى والديمقراطية]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Freedom in Islamic Sharīʿah  Between Shūrā  and Democracy]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Ata]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[الشريعة، الحرّية، الشورى، الديمقراطية، الإسلام. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Keywords: Sharīʿah, Freedom, Shūrā, Democracy, Islam.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 203.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right 0cm; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;بعث الله تعالى الأنبياء والرسل بالشرائع والأحكام ليتمكن الإنسان من القيام بواجبه الذي أوكله سبحانه وتعالى إليه وهو الاستخلاف في الأرض وعمارتها ، ولم يتركه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-JO" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-JO;"&gt;سدا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; يقرر مصيره يحكم كما يشاء تبعا لهواه ورغباته التي قد تؤدي به إلى الهلاك والخسران في الدارين، وقد كان ختام ذلك كله أن أرسل نبي الرحمة والهداية محمد بن عبد الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ليخرج الناس من ظلمات الوهم إلى نور الهداية، ومن عبادة العباد إلى عبادة رب العباد ومن ظلم واضطهاد المستكبرين إلى العدل والحرّية والرحمة. وإنما تعني الشريعة الإسلامية حرّية الإنسان، حرّية جسده وفكره ووجدانه وعقيدته، لذلك جاء الإسلام ثورة على الشرك والإلحاد، ثورة على الظلم والطغيان والاستبداد، فمقصود رسالة الإسلام هو تحرير البشرية جميعا من جميع عوائق الحرية المادية والمعنوية.لأن الحرّية في المفهوم الإسلامي هي حق الإنسان في التصرف والاختيار والاعتقاد بما يوافق ضوابط الشريعة الإسلامية ودون التعدي على حقوق الآخرين ومن دون ضغوط جسدية أو معنوية. لذا مفهوم الحرّية في الشريعة أوسع وأشمل من المفاهيم الغربية للحرّية و كذلك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;أوسع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;وأشمل من مفهوم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; الديمقراطية التي لابد للفرد فيها من المطالبة والسعي للحصول عليها وتكون قاصرة على جوانب محددة في حياته، وأحيانا تكون مطلقة دون ضوابط أو حدود بحيث يخل بحرية الآخرين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; وقد قارن الباحث الاختلاف ما بين مفهوم الحرّية في الشريعة الإسلامية وبين مفهومي الشورى والديمقراطية الغربية، ليصل إلى نتيجة مفادها أنّ الحريّة في الشريعة الإسلامية هي منحة ربانية قررها الخالق سبحانه وتعالى للناس كافة منذ ولادته دون تمييز لجنسه أو عرقه أو لسانه، وأنّ هذه الحرّية هي حرّية مقيدة بضوابط وتشريعات وضعها الخالق مواقة لفطرة الإنسان ومصالحه العاجلة والآجلة وهذا ما لا نجده في الديمقراطيات الغربية أوالديموقراطيات الشرقية. وذلك لأنه لا يخفى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; أن الديمقراطية كلمةٌ يونانيةُ الأصلِ، تعني حكم الشعب أو حكومة الشعب، وهي حكم الشعب بالشعب وللشعب ، فهي النظام الذي يجعل أفراد الأمّة يشاركون في صنع &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-JO" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-JO;"&gt;ال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;قرار، ومفهومها واسع غير منضبط يحتمل الكثير من التأويل والتصور، كما أنّها ليست مفهوماً علمياً&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-JO" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-JO;"&gt; ناتجا عن الدراسات والأبحاث بحيث&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; لا يقبل المناقشة، بل هي نظام ، يتغيرُ مضمونهُ حسب الظروفِ والمؤثرات، لأنها وليدة الإرادة الحرّة للجماعة التي تحكمها، والنظام الديمقراطي &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-JO" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-JO;"&gt;ليس&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; نظاماً مكوناعلى أيدي منظّرين أو مفكّرين سياسيين، بل هو وليدة تطورٍ تاريخيٍ واجتماعي،مبني على قرار الأكثرية وعليه تعطى لها السلطة في الدولة باعتبارها تشكل الأغلبية في المجتمع. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;وكل ذلك مخالف لمفهوم الشورى المكونة من أهل الخبرة والاختصاص في المجالات المختلفة والمأخوذة من&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;الشريعة الإسلامية&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;التي تمتاز بشمولها لجميع جوانب الحياة الدنيا والآخرة، وعليه لم تغفل الجانب السياسي أو الاقتصادي أو الاجتماعي لحياة الإنسان، فما من أمرٍ إلا وتناولتهُ هذه الشريعة بشكل مبدئيٍ أو كلّي أو بشكلٍ جزئيٍ أو تفصيليٍ، و من هنا لا بدّ من وسائلَ وطرق صحيحةٍ تؤدّي إلى كيفية اتخاذ القراراتِ الصحيحة المحققة لمقاصد الشرع&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;في جميع هذه المجالات، وبحيث يتمّ ضمان تطبيق أوامر الله، وصيانة حقوق أفراد الأمة وحرياتهم وكذلك صيانة&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;حقوق الطوائف والمذاهب المختلفة. ونعتقد أنه لا يتم ذلك في أصح حالاته على الوجه المطلوب إلا بالشورى التي لابد أن تسعى لتحكيم وتحقيق قاعدة "إنما جاءت الشريعة لدرء المفاسد وجلب المصالح".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 226.75pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Allah Almighty sent prophets and messengers with divine laws and commandments to enable humans to fulfill their entrusted duty of vicegerency (al-istikhlāf ) on Earth and its development. He did not leave them aimless, to determine their own fate according to their whims and desires, which could lead to ruin and loss in both this life and the hereafter. The culmination of this divine guidance was the sending of the Prophet of mercy and guidance, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh (pbuh), to lead people out of the darkness of delusion into the light of guidance, from the worship of creation to the worship of the Creator, and from the oppression of tyrants to justice, freedom, and mercy.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Islamic Sharīʿah signifies human freedom&amp;mdash;freedom of body, mind, conscience, and belief. Thus, Islam emerged as a revolution against polytheism and atheism, against injustice, tyranny, and despotism. The core objective of Islam is to liberate humanity from all material and ideological constraints on freedom. In the Islamic perspective, freedom is the right of a person to act, choose, and believe in accordance with the principles of Sharīʿah, without infringing on the rights of others or being subjected to physical or psychological coercion.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The concept of freedom in Islamic law is broader and more comprehensive than Western notions of freedom, as well as broader than the concept of democracy, where individuals must demand and strive to attain it, often limited to specific aspects of life. At times, democracy grants unrestricted freedom without regulations or boundaries, leading to violations of others' freedoms. This paper reveals the difference between the concept of freedom in Islamic Sharīʿah and the concepts of Shūrā (consultation) and Western democracy, concluding that freedom in Islamic law is a divine gift decreed by the Creator for all people from birth, without discrimination based on gender, race, or language. This freedom is bound by regulations and legislation set by the Creator, aligned with human nature and their immediate and long-term interests&amp;mdash;something absent in Western or Eastern democracies.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Derived from the Greek verbum meaning "rule by the people," democracy is a system where individuals participate in decision-making. However, it is a broad, unregulated concept open to various interpretations. Unlike a scientifically derived framework, democracy is a system shaped by historical and social evolution, based on rule by the majority, granting authority to the majority in society.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This fundamentally differs from the concept of Shūrā , which involves consultation among experts and specialists (ahl al-khibrah wa al-ikhtiṣāṣ) in various fields, derived from Islamic Sharīʿah, a comprehensive system encompassing all aspects of life in this world and the hereafter. Islamic law addresses political, economic, and social dimensions, providing principles, general guidelines, or detailed rulings for every matter. Therefore, proper methods are necessary to ensure sound decision-making that fulfills the objectives (maqāṣid) of Sharīʿah in all domains, guaranteeing the implementation of divine commands, safeguarding individual and collective rights, and protecting the rights of different sects and schools of thought. It can be said that the subject objectives can be best achieved through Shūrā, which must strive to uphold the principle that " Sharīʿah was revealed to prevent harm and secure benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 226.75pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Allah Almighty sent prophets and messengers with divine laws and commandments to enable humans to fulfill their entrusted duty of vicegerency (al-istikhlāf ) on Earth and its development. He did not leave them aimless, to determine their own fate according to their whims and desires, which could lead to ruin and loss in both this life and the hereafter. The culmination of this divine guidance was the sending of the Prophet of mercy and guidance, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh (pbuh), to lead people out of the darkness of delusion into the light of guidance, from the worship of creation to the worship of the Creator, and from the oppression of tyrants to justice, freedom, and mercy.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Islamic Sharīʿah signifies human freedom&amp;mdash;freedom of body, mind, conscience, and belief. Thus, Islam emerged as a revolution against polytheism and atheism, against injustice, tyranny, and despotism. The core objective of Islam is to liberate humanity from all material and ideological constraints on freedom. In the Islamic perspective, freedom is the right of a person to act, choose, and believe in accordance with the principles of Sharīʿah, without infringing on the rights of others or being subjected to physical or psychological coercion.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The concept of freedom in Islamic law is broader and more comprehensive than Western notions of freedom, as well as broader than the concept of democracy, where individuals must demand and strive to attain it, often limited to specific aspects of life. At times, democracy grants unrestricted freedom without regulations or boundaries, leading to violations of others' freedoms. This paper reveals the difference between the concept of freedom in Islamic Sharīʿah and the concepts of Shūrā (consultation) and Western democracy, concluding that freedom in Islamic law is a divine gift decreed by the Creator for all people from birth, without discrimination based on gender, race, or language. This freedom is bound by regulations and legislation set by the Creator, aligned with human nature and their immediate and long-term interests&amp;mdash;something absent in Western or Eastern democracies.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Derived from the Greek verbum meaning "rule by the people," democracy is a system where individuals participate in decision-making. However, it is a broad, unregulated concept open to various interpretations. Unlike a scientifically derived framework, democracy is a system shaped by historical and social evolution, based on rule by the majority, granting authority to the majority in society.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This fundamentally differs from the concept of Shūrā , which involves consultation among experts and specialists (ahl al-khibrah wa al-ikhtiṣāṣ) in various fields, derived from Islamic Sharīʿah, a comprehensive system encompassing all aspects of life in this world and the hereafter. Islamic law addresses political, economic, and social dimensions, providing principles, general guidelines, or detailed rulings for every matter. Therefore, proper methods are necessary to ensure sound decision-making that fulfills the objectives (maqāṣid) of Sharīʿah in all domains, guaranteeing the implementation of divine commands, safeguarding individual and collective rights, and protecting the rights of different sects and schools of thought. It can be said that the subject objectives can be best achieved through Shūrā, which must strive to uphold the principle that " Sharīʿah was revealed to prevent harm and secure benefits"&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89582</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[911-952]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/10</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Harputlu Hacı Hayrî Bey’in Neşredilmemiş Şiirleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Unpublished Poems of Hacı Hayrî Bey of Harput]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İlyas KAYAOKAY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Harput, Hacı Hayrî, Berk, Şafak, Resimli Gazete, Divan, Metin Neşri, 19. yy.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Harput, Hacı Hayrî, Berk, Şafak, Resimli Gazete, Diwan, Text Publication, 19th Century.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -.1pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Osmanlı d&amp;ouml;neminde ilm&amp;icirc; ve edeb&amp;icirc; faaliyetlerin yoğun olduğu taşradaki &amp;ouml;nemli merkezlerden biri olan Harput, divan edebiyatı geleneğini 16. asırdan 20. asra kadar s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;ren dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekici bir muhittir. Ebubekir Nusret (&amp;ouml;. 1794), Rahm&amp;icirc; (1802-1884) ve Yusuf Ş&amp;uuml;kr&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;. 1876) başta olmak &amp;uuml;zere kırk civarında divan şairi yetiştiren Harput&amp;rsquo;un &amp;ouml;nde gelen şairlerinden biri de Hacı Hayr&amp;icirc; Bey&amp;rsquo;dir (1860-1910). Hayr&amp;icirc; Bey, Osmanlı d&amp;ouml;neminde yayımlanan gazete ve mecmualarla, edeb&amp;icirc; muhitlerle s&amp;uuml;rekli irtibat h&amp;acirc;linde bulunan devrinde takdir g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;ş bir şairdir. Hayr&amp;icirc; Bey&amp;rsquo;in en &amp;ouml;nemli eseri, 25 yaşına kadar kaleme aldığı şiirlerini muhtev&amp;icirc;, 1885 yılında tab edilen &lt;em&gt;H&amp;acirc;tıra-yı Ahd-i Şeb&amp;acirc;b&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;tır. Bunun yanında &lt;em&gt;Num&amp;ucirc;ne-i Muharrer&amp;acirc;t&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;Saln&amp;acirc;me-i Vil&amp;acirc;yet-i Ma&amp;rsquo;m&amp;ucirc;rat&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Az&amp;icirc;z &lt;/em&gt;gibi basılı eserleri bilinmekle birlikte, şiirlerinin &amp;ouml;nemli bir kısmının d&amp;ouml;nemin gazete ve mecmualarında dağınık bi&amp;ccedil;imde kaldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu makalemizde, Hacı Hayr&amp;icirc; Bey&amp;rsquo;in d&amp;ouml;nemin s&amp;uuml;reli yayınlarına g&amp;ouml;nderdiği ve daha evvel yeni harflerle yayımlanmamış manzumeler g&amp;uuml;n y&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkarılmıştır. Bu hususta onlarca gazete ve mecmuanın taranması neticesinde, &lt;em&gt;Resimli Gazete&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;de (1891-1899), &lt;em&gt;Berk&lt;/em&gt; (1883-1884), &lt;em&gt;Şafak &lt;/em&gt;(1885) ve &lt;em&gt;G&amp;uuml;lşen &lt;/em&gt;(1886) mecmualarında onun neşredilmemiş 11 şiiri tespit edilmiştir. Bu manzumelerin yedisi gazel, biri şarkı, ikisi kıt&amp;rsquo;a ve biri de tarih beyti olup &amp;ccedil;alışmamızda bu şiirlerin tanıtımı ve transkripsiyon usul&amp;uuml;yle Arap harflerinden Latin harflerine aktarımı yapılmıştır. B&amp;ouml;ylece Osmanlı devrindeki gazete ve mecmuaların son d&amp;ouml;nem klasik şairler a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;nemli bir kaynak olduğu vurgulanarak Hayr&amp;icirc; Bey&amp;rsquo;in şiir k&amp;uuml;lliy&amp;acirc;tına katkı sağlanmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -.1pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Harput, one of the important centers in the provinces where scientific and literary activities flourished during the Ottoman period, is a remarkable region that continued the tradition of divan literature from the 16th to the 20th century. One of Harput's leading poets, alongside Ebubekir Nusret (d. 1794), Rahm&amp;icirc; (1802-1884), and Yusuf Ş&amp;uuml;kr&amp;icirc; (d. 1876), who trained around forty divan poets, was Hacı Hayr&amp;icirc; Bey (1860-1910). Hayr&amp;icirc; Bey was a poet who was highly regarded in his time, constantly in contact with newspapers and magazines published during the Ottoman period and literary circles. Hayr&amp;icirc; Bey's most important work is &lt;em&gt;H&amp;acirc;tıra-yı Ahd-i Şeb&amp;acirc;b&lt;/em&gt;, published in 1885, which contains the poems he wrote until the age of 25. In addition to his published works such as &lt;em&gt;Num&amp;ucirc;ne-i Muharrer&amp;acirc;t&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Saln&amp;acirc;me-i Vil&amp;acirc;yet-i Ma&amp;rsquo;m&amp;ucirc;rat&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Az&amp;icirc;z&lt;/em&gt;, it is understood that a significant portion of his poems remained scattered in the newspapers and magazines of the period. In this article, we reveal the poems that Hacı Hayr&amp;icirc; Bey sent to periodicals of the time and which had not previously been published in the new alphabet. As a result of scanning dozens of newspapers and magazines on this subject, 11 unpublished poems by him were identified in the magazines &lt;em&gt;Resimli Gazete&lt;/em&gt; (1891-1899), &lt;em&gt;Berk &lt;/em&gt;(1883-1884), &lt;em&gt;Şafak&lt;/em&gt; (1885), and &lt;em&gt;G&amp;uuml;lşen &lt;/em&gt;(1886). Seven of these poems are ghazals, one is a song, two are qitas, and one is a historical couplet. In our study, these poems have been introduced and transcribed from Arabic script to Latin script. Thus, emphasizing that newspapers and magazines of the Ottoman period are an important source for late classical poets, a contribution has been made to Hayr&amp;icirc; Bey's poetic oeuvre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89549</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1177-1222]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/11</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde Din ve Ahlâk Eğitiminin Modernleşmesi ve Pedagojik Etkileri: Adana Mıntıkası Ma’ârif Mecmuası (1928) Analizi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Modernization and Pedagogical Impacts of Religious and Moral Education in the Early Republican Period: An Analysis of Adana Mıntıkası Ma’ârif Mecmuası (1928) ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdullah AKIN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Erken Cumhuriyet Türkiye’si, Din Eğitimi, Ahlâk Eğitimi, Pedagojik Modernleşme, Kültürel Üretim]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Early Republican Turkey, Religious Education, Moral Education, Pedagogical Modernization, Cultural Production, Secular Sanctity]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu araştırma, T&amp;uuml;rkiye Cumhuriyeti&amp;rsquo;nin ilk yıllarında din ve ahl&amp;acirc;k eğitiminde yaşanan d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;, pedagojik modernleşme, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel &amp;uuml;retim ve devlet politikalarının birey ve toplum değerlerini yeniden şekillendirme s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;leriyle nasıl kesiştiğini incelemektedir. Araştırma şu sorulara yanıt aramaktadır: Erken Cumhuriyet eğitim metinleri dini ve ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; mesajları nasıl aktarmıştır? Modern pedagojik yaklaşımlar, &amp;ouml;zellikle John Dewey&amp;rsquo;in deneyimsel &amp;ouml;ğrenme ve ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; gelişim ilkeleri, din eğitimine nasıl entegre edilmiştir? Şiir, mizah ve diğer k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ara&amp;ccedil;lar pedagojik ve toplumsal olarak nasıl işlev g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r? Cumhuriyet metinlerinde sek&amp;uuml;ler kutsallık ve aşkınlık anlayışı nasıl inşa edilmiştir? Bu sorulara yanıt bulmak amacıyla &amp;ccedil;alışma, pedagojik dergiler, mizah dergileri, halk şiirleri, resmi belgeler ve eğitimle ilgili makalelerin nitel i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi ve sistematik metin incelemesi y&amp;ouml;ntemlerini kullanmaktadır. Bulgular, din eğitiminin yalnızca rit&amp;uuml;el &amp;ouml;ğretimle sınırlı kalmayıp, toplumsal sorumluluk, milli değerler ve ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; erdemlerle ilişkilendirilerek yeniden yapılandırıldığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Dewey&amp;rsquo;in pedagojik ilkeleri, &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin dini ve ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; değerleri ezberlemeden, g&amp;ouml;zlem ve deneyim yoluyla &amp;ouml;ğrenmelerini teşvik etmiştir. Mizah ve şiir, eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nceyi, ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; refleksi ve duygusal katılımı destekleyen &amp;ouml;nemli pedagojik ara&amp;ccedil;lar olarak işlev g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Cumhuriyet metinleri dini kavramları modern, sek&amp;uuml;ler ve ulusal &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede yeniden yorumlayarak, eğitim ve devlet hedefleriyle uyumlu toplumsal bir kutsallık anlayışı oluşturmuştur. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, &amp;ccedil;alışma, erken Cumhuriyet eğitim reformlarının din ve ahl&amp;acirc;k eğitiminde &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu bir modernleşmeyi sağladığını, pedagojik stratejiler, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ara&amp;ccedil;lar ve ideolojinin etkileşimini belgelemekte ve birey ile toplumun ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; ve dini bi&amp;ccedil;imde şekillendirilmesini kapsamlı bi&amp;ccedil;imde a&amp;ccedil;ıklamaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study investigates the transformation of religious and moral education in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, examining how pedagogical modernization, cultural production, and state policies intersected to reshape societal and individual values. The research addresses the following questions: How did early Republican educational texts convey religious and moral messages? In what ways were modern pedagogical approaches, particularly John Dewey&amp;rsquo;s experiential learning and moral development principles, integrated into religious education? How did poetry, humor, and other cultural tools function pedagogically and socially? How were secular notions of sanctity and transcendence constructed within Republican texts? To answer these questions, the study employs qualitative content analysis and systematic text examination of pedagogical journals, humor magazines, folk poetry, official documents, and educational articles. The findings reveal that religious education extended beyond ritual instruction, linking moral virtues, national values, and social responsibility while emphasizing experiential learning. Dewey&amp;rsquo;s pedagogical principles encouraged students to engage with religious and moral content through observation and practical experiences rather than rote memorization. Humor and poetry served as critical pedagogical tools, fostering social critique, moral reflection, and emotional engagement. Republican texts reinterpreted religious concepts within modern, secular, and national frameworks, constructing a form of societal sanctity aligned with educational and state objectives. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that early Republican educational reforms orchestrated a multidimensional modernization of religious and moral education, integrating pedagogy, culture, and ideology. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between state policies, pedagogical strategies, and cultural tools in shaping the moral and religious formation of individuals and society, offering insights relevant to historical, educational, and cultural scholarship.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89506</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[49-141]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/12</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Çağdaş Dönem Tefsirinde Rivâyetlerin Kur’ân’a Arzı Meselesi: et-Tefsîrü’l-Hadîs Örnekliğinde]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Issue of Evaluating Narrations in Light of the Qurʾān in Contemporary Tafsīr: The Case of al-Tafsīr al-Ḥadīth]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Aykut KAYA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Rivâyet, Kur’ân’a Arz, Çağdaş Tefsir, Muhammed İzzet Derveze.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsīr, Narration (Riwāyah), Evaluation in Light of the Qurʾān, Contemporary Tafsīr, Muḥammad ʿIzzat Darwazah.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, &amp;ccedil;ağdaş d&amp;ouml;nemde riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;a arz edilmesi meselesini Muhammed İzzet Derveze&amp;rsquo;nin tefsir anlayışı &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde ele almayı konu edinmektedir. Derveze&amp;rsquo;nin riv&amp;acirc;yetleri Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;a arz etme yaklaşımının klasik tefsir geleneğinden hangi y&amp;ouml;nleriyle ayrıldığı, bu y&amp;ouml;ntemi hangi ilke ve &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;tler doğrultusunda uyguladığı ve s&amp;ouml;z konusu y&amp;ouml;ntemi hangi ama&amp;ccedil;larla işlevsel kıldığı gibi &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;sorular, &amp;ccedil;alışmanın temel problemini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma, Derveze&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;et-Tefs&amp;icirc;r&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Had&amp;icirc;s &lt;/em&gt;adlı tefsiri &amp;ouml;rnekliğinde &amp;ccedil;ağdaş d&amp;ouml;nemde riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;a arzı y&amp;ouml;ntemini a&amp;ccedil;ıklamayı ve bunları &amp;ouml;rnekler eşliğinde sistematik bi&amp;ccedil;imde analiz etmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemine dayalı olarak literat&amp;uuml;r taraması, dok&amp;uuml;man incelemesi ve analiz y&amp;ouml;ntemi teknikleri kullanılarak ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Derveze&amp;rsquo;nin tefsiri temel kaynak olarak incelenerek ilgili riv&amp;acirc;yetler tespit edilmiş ve temsil kabiliyeti y&amp;uuml;ksek &amp;ouml;rnekler eşliğinde ilkesel bir &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;eve oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara g&amp;ouml;re Derveze, riv&amp;acirc;yetleri Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;a arz etme y&amp;ouml;ntemini klasik d&amp;ouml;nemde olduğu gibi yalnızca isr&amp;acirc;iliyy&amp;acirc;t, zayıf hadisler veya tarih&amp;icirc; ve siyer kaynaklı riv&amp;acirc;yetlerle sınırlı tutmamış; tefsir literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nde yer alan b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n riv&amp;acirc;yetlere uygulamıştır. Bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te riv&amp;acirc;yetleri Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın lafzı, anlamı, bağlamı, &amp;uuml;sl&amp;ucirc;bu ve temel hedefleriyle uyumu a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirmiştir. Bu prensiplerle uyumlu olan riv&amp;acirc;yetler kabul ederken, bu şartları taşımayan riv&amp;acirc;yetlere karşı ihtiyatlı olunması gerektiğini vurgulamıştır. Anlaşıldığı kadarıyla Derveze&amp;rsquo;nin bu y&amp;ouml;ntemi kullanmasının arka planında, &amp;acirc;yetle bağı olmayan, &amp;acirc;yetin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamayan riv&amp;acirc;yetleri tefsirde devre dışı bırakma; buna karşılık &amp;acirc;yetlerle anlam ve bağlam bakımından uyumlu riv&amp;acirc;yetleri daha işlevsel h&amp;acirc;le getirme d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesi yer almaktadır. Ayrıca tefsirde kel&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc;, mezheb&amp;icirc; ve siy&amp;acirc;s&amp;icirc; &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;tartışmalara zemin hazırlayan riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin etkisini sınırlandırmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Zira Derveze&amp;rsquo;ye g&amp;ouml;re bu t&amp;uuml;r riv&amp;acirc;yetler, tefsirin asl&amp;icirc; vazifesi olan Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın doğru anlaşılmasına engel teşkil etmektedir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This study examines the issue of evaluating narrations in light of the Qurʾān in the contemporary period within the framework of Muḥammad ʿIzzat Darwazah&amp;rsquo;s exegetical approach. Questions such as in what respects Darwazah&amp;rsquo;s approach of evaluating narrations in light of the Qurʾān differs from the classical exegetical tradition, according to which principles and criteria he applies this method, and for what purposes he employs it in an operative manner constitute the central problem of this study. This study aims to explicate the method of evaluating narrations in light of the Qurʾān in the contemporary period through the case of Darwazah&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;al-Tafsīr al-Ḥadīth&lt;/em&gt; and to analyze this method systematically by means of representative examples. The study was conducted using qualitative research methods, employing techniques such as literature review, document analysis, and analytical evaluation. In this context, Darwazah&amp;rsquo;s commentary was examined as the primary source, the relevant reports were identified, and a principled framework was constructed through representative examples. The findings indicate that Darwazah did not confine the method of submitting reports to the Qurʾān merely to Isrāʾīliyyāt, weak ḥadīths or reports derived from historical and sīra sources, as was largely the case in the classical period; rather, he applied this method to all reports transmitted within the exegetical tradition. In this process, he evaluated the reports in terms of their compatibility with the Qurʾān&amp;rsquo;s wording, meaning, context, style, and fundamental objectives. While he accepted those reports that conformed to these principles, he emphasized that reports lacking such conformity should be approached with caution. It appears that the underlying motivation behind Darwazah&amp;rsquo;s use of this method is to exclude from tafsīr those reports that lack a meaningful connection with the verse and do not contribute to its understanding, while at the same time rendering more functional the reports that are compatible with the verses in terms of meaning and context. Moreover, he aims to limit the influence of reports that provide a basis for theological, sectarian, and political controversies within tafsīr. According to Darwazah, such reports hinder the proper understanding of the Qurʾān, which constitutes the primary purpose of exegesis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89457</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1135-1175]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/13</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kalîlu’l-Hadîs Kavramı ve Cerh-Ta’dîl Lafızları Arasındaki Yeri ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Term Kalīlu’l-Ḥadīth and Its Position Among Jarḥ and Taʿdīl Terminologies]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Selahattin YILDIRIM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Kalîlu’l-hadîs, Cerh-Ta’dîl, Ravî, Rivayet Sayısı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ḥadīth, Kalīlu’l-ḥadīth, al-Jarḥ wa’l-Taʿdīl, Narrator, Number of narrations]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, hadis ric&amp;acirc;l ve cerh-taʿd&amp;icirc;l literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nde yer alan kal&amp;icirc;l&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-had&amp;icirc;s ifadesinin teknik bir kavram niteliği taşıyıp taşımadığını; kavramsal bir &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;eveye sahipse hangi bağlamlarda, hangi &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;tlere ve hangi sayısal aralıklara g&amp;ouml;re kullanıldığını incelemeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Riv&amp;acirc;yet sayısı g&amp;ouml;rece az olan r&amp;acirc;vileri tanımlamak &amp;uuml;zere kullanılan bu ifade hem sah&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc;ler hem de t&amp;acirc;bi&amp;icirc;n ve tebeu&amp;rsquo;t-t&amp;acirc;bi&amp;icirc;n başta olmak &amp;uuml;zere sonraki nesillere mensup r&amp;acirc;viler hakkında tabakāt ve ric&amp;acirc;l eserlerinde yer almaktadır. Bununla birlikte s&amp;ouml;z konusu nitelemenin cerh mi yoksa taʿd&amp;icirc;l mi ifade ettiği hususu literat&amp;uuml;rde a&amp;ccedil;ık ve sistematik bi&amp;ccedil;imde ortaya konulmuş değildir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışmada, sah&amp;acirc;benin muhaddisler nezdinde prensip olarak &amp;acirc;dil kabul edilmesi sebebiyle kal&amp;icirc;l&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-had&amp;icirc;s ifadesinin onlar hakkında cerh anlamı taşımadığı; sah&amp;acirc;be dışındaki r&amp;acirc;viler i&amp;ccedil;in ise bu nitelemenin bağlama, mukayeseye ve birlikte kullanıldığı diğer cerh-taʿd&amp;icirc;l lafızlarına g&amp;ouml;re farklı anlam katmanları kazandığı g&amp;ouml;sterilmektedir. Ayrıca klasik kaynaklarda bu ifadenin &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla beş, on, yirmi gibi olduk&amp;ccedil;a sınırlı riv&amp;acirc;yet sayıları i&amp;ccedil;in kullanıldığı; ancak bazı &amp;ouml;rneklerde y&amp;uuml;z riv&amp;acirc;yete kadar uzanan g&amp;ouml;rece d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;k bir hacmi de kapsayabildiği ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu durum, kavramın sabit ve bağlayıcı bir sayısal &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;tten ziyade d&amp;ouml;nemin riv&amp;acirc;yet yoğunluğuna g&amp;ouml;re şekillenen g&amp;ouml;reli bir değerlendirme olduğunu d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;rmektedir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bunun yanı sıra riv&amp;acirc;yet azlığının, r&amp;acirc;vinin zabtının tespiti, riv&amp;acirc;yetlerinin karşılaştırılabilirliği ve cerh-taʿd&amp;icirc;l h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerinin oluşumu &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisi analiz edilmekte; az riv&amp;acirc;yetin tek başına cerh sebebi sayılıp sayılmayacağı meselesi tartışılmaktadır. Son olarak kal&amp;icirc;l&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-had&amp;icirc;s ifadesinin zamanla teknik bir terim h&amp;uuml;viyeti kazanıp kazanmadığı ve hadis tarihi ile us&amp;ucirc;l literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ndeki konumu değerlendirilerek kavramın mahiyeti b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l bir &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle &amp;ccedil;alışma, literat&amp;uuml;rde dağınık bi&amp;ccedil;imde yer alan verileri sistematik h&amp;acirc;le getirerek &amp;ouml;nemli bir kavramsal boşluğu doldurmayı hedeflemektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;This&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt; study investigates whether the expression qalīl al-ḥadīth (one who narrates few hadiths) functions as a technical term in the literature of jarḥ wa-taʿdīl (narrator criticism), and if so, in which contexts and according to what criteria it is employed. The term appears in biographical (ṭabaqāt) and rijāl works for transmitters among the Companions as well as the Tābiʿūn and later generations. However, its precise evaluative meaning&amp;mdash;whether it implies discrediting (jarḥ) or accreditation (taʿdīl)&amp;mdash;has not been clearly defined in the classical tradition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The study argues that since the Companions are generally regarded as upright (ʿudūl) by hadith scholars, the designation qalīl al-ḥadīth does not carry a negative connotation when applied to them. For later transmitters, however, the meaning of the term varies depending on context and accompanying critical expressions. Classical sources often associate it with very small numbers of narrations&amp;mdash;such as five, ten, or twenty&amp;mdash;though in some cases it may refer to transmitters whose narrations number under one hundred. This indicates that the term reflects a relative rather than strictly fixed numerical criterion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The article further examines the implications of limited transmission for evaluating a narrator&amp;rsquo;s precision (ḍabṭ) and overall reliability, questioning whether a small number of narrations alone constitutes grounds for criticism. Finally, it assesses whether qalīl al-ḥadīth developed into a fully technical term and clarifies its place in hadith historiography and methodology.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89390</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1733-1778]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/14</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İçkinlik Kavramına Bağlı Olarak Teoloji Yapmak Mümkün müdür? Felsefedeki İçkinlik Kavramının Teolojideki Metodolojik Sonuçları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Is it Possible to Conduct Theology Based on The Concept of Immanence? An Assessment of The Methodological Implications of The Concept of Immanence in Philosophy for Theology]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdulhan ÜNLÜSOY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, Tanrı, Teoloji, Aşkınlık, İçkinlik.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, God, Theology, Transcendence, Immanence.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma felsefi bir kavram olarak i&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramını, felsefi d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncenin temel bir bileşeni olarak alır. Felsefi d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce a&amp;ccedil;ısından i&amp;ccedil;kinlik, felsefe yapmanın temel koşulu olduğu kadar felsefedeki yeni imk&amp;acirc;n ve potansiyelliklerin yapıcı ve yaratıcı tarzda ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkmasının da bir &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml; olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;r. İ&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramı, felsefi d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncede felsefe ile diğer d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce bi&amp;ccedil;imlerinin birbirinden ayrılmasında da &amp;ouml;nemlidir. B&amp;ouml;yle bir d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce sisteminde i&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramıyla yaşamın devingen, oluş ve &amp;ccedil;oklukla olan dinamik ilgisi kurularak &amp;ouml;zneleşmeye vurgu yapılır. Bu anlamda i&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramı, Nietzscheci nihilizm s&amp;uuml;recinin bir aşaması olarak ontolojik bir materyalizm ortamına g&amp;ouml;nderme yapar. B&amp;ouml;yle bir ontolojik materyalizm ortamında felsefede tamamen i&amp;ccedil;kin s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerin etkinliği s&amp;ouml;zkonusudur. Bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerin etkinliği, felsefi bir &amp;uuml;retkenliğin i&amp;ccedil;kin kaynaklarının sonsuz ve yapıcı karakterinin &amp;ouml;n plana &amp;ccedil;ıkmasına neden olur. Bu a&amp;ccedil;ıdan i&amp;ccedil;kinliğe yapılan &amp;ccedil;ağrı aslında felsefeye, felsefe yapmaya, d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncenin i&amp;ccedil;kin potansiyel ve imk&amp;acirc;nlarına yapılan bir &amp;ccedil;ağrıdır. Felsefedeki b&amp;ouml;yle bir i&amp;ccedil;kinlik, felsefeye, aşkınlık yapılarının i&amp;ccedil;kinlik i&amp;ccedil;inde sunulduğu yeni bir metafizik aşamanın d&amp;acirc;hil edilmesinin b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n avantajlarının g&amp;uuml;ndeme geldiği bir gayret olarak alınmalıdır. Bu nokta son derece &amp;ouml;nemlidir. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; bu anlayışa g&amp;ouml;re d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce, bu d&amp;uuml;nyayı ve bu d&amp;uuml;nyaya y&amp;ouml;nelik felsefenin olanaklarını imk&amp;acirc;n &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;nde sorgulamalıdır. Bunu felsefenin imk&amp;acirc;nlarıyla ortaya koymaya &amp;ccedil;alışırken i&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramının bu projede merkezi bir yerinin olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;r. Bu projenin benzerlerinin felsefe tarihinde g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmesi m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n olmakla birlikte i&amp;ccedil;kinlik konusunun metafiziksel olduğu kadar ontolojik ve epistemolojik &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evelerde de tartışıldığına şahit oluruz. Bu anlamda i&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramı, i&amp;ccedil;kinlik konusunu felsefi d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncenin kadim bir konusu olmaklığı a&amp;ccedil;ısından ele alıp incelemeye &amp;ccedil;alışır. Dolayısıyla i&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramının, bu anlamda felsefi d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncenin bir başlangı&amp;ccedil; noktası, felsefenin imk&amp;acirc;nı i&amp;ccedil;in bir &amp;ouml;n koşul olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmesi gerekir. Her bir aşkınlık yapısını radikal bir şekilde eleştirip karşısında duran i&amp;ccedil;kinlik felsefe yapmanın, felsefenin bir şartı olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;r. Dolayısıyla i&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramı, felsefi anlamda d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncede b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n imk&amp;acirc;nları, &amp;uuml;retkenlik ve potansiyellikleriyle beraber sonsuz &amp;uuml;retici ve yapıcı bir kavram olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;r. İ&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramının felsefi d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce a&amp;ccedil;ısından sahip olduğu bu imk&amp;acirc;n, &amp;uuml;retkenlik ve potansiyelliklerin acaba teoloji alanına etkileri var mıdır? İ&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramının felsedeki bu &amp;uuml;retici ve yapıcı karakterinden acaba teoloji alanında da faydalanılabilir mi? Tamamen bir aşkınlık yapısı i&amp;ccedil;erisinde ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşen teolojik alanın i&amp;ccedil;kinlik merkezli ele alınması m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n m&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;r? Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma bu ve benzeri soruların yanıtlarını i&amp;ccedil;kinlik kavramından yola &amp;ccedil;ıkarak ele almayı hedeflemektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This study takes the concept of immanence as a fundamental component of philosophical thought. From a philosophical perspective, immanence is seen not only as a basic condition for doing philosophy, but also as a criterion for the constructive and creative emergence of new possibilities and potentialities in philosophy. The concept of immanence is also important in distinguishing philosophy from other forms of thought. In such a system of thought, the concept of immanence emphasizes subjectification by establishing a dynamic relationship between life, becoming, and multiplicity. In this sense, the concept of immanence refers to an ontological materialism environment as a stage in the Nietzschean nihilism process. In such an ontological materialism environment, the activity of entirely immanent processes in philosophy is at stake. The activity of these processes leads to the highlighting of the infinite and constructive character of the immanent resources of philosophical productivity. From this point of view, the call to immanence is actually a call to philosophy, to doing philosophy, to the immanent potentials and possibilities of thought. Such immanence in philosophy should be understood as an endeavor that brings to the forefront all the advantages of including a new metaphysical stage in philosophy, where transcendental structures are presented within immanence. This point is extremely important. Because, according to this system of thought, thought should question this world and the possibilities of philosophy towards this world to the extent possible. While trying to demonstrate this with the possibilities of philosophy, the concept of immanence is seen to have a central place in this project. Although it is possible to see similar projects in the history of philosophy, we witness that the issue of immanence has been discussed in ontological and epistemological frameworks as well as metaphysical ones. In this sense, the concept of immanence attempts to examine the issue of immanence as an ancient subject of philosophical thought. Therefore, the concept of immanence should be seen as a starting point for philosophical thought, a precondition for the possibility of philosophy. Immanence, which radically criticizes and opposes every transcendental structure, is seen as a condition for doing philosophy, for philosophy itself. Therefore, the concept of immanence is seen in philosophical thought as an infinitely productive and constructive concept, encompassing all its possibilities, productivity, and potentiality. Do these possibilities, productivity, and potentiality inherent in the concept of immanence from a philosophical perspective have any impact on the field of theology? Can the productive and constructive character of the concept of immanence in philosophy also be utilized in the field of theology? Is it possible to approach the theological field, which operates entirely within a transcendental structure, from an immanent perspective? This study aims to address these and similar questions by starting from the concept of immanence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89389</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1687-1731]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/15</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Siyasal Teoloji ve Güvenlik Doktrini İsrail’de Dinsel Söylemin Securitization Üzerindeki Etkisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Political Theology and Security Doctrine The Impact of Religious Discourse on Securitization in Israel]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Zeyep Deniz ALTINSOY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İsrail, güvenlikleştirme (securitization), siyasal teoloji, dinsel söylem, güvenlik doktrini, meşruiyet, kimlik siyaseti]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Israel; securitization; political theology; religious discourse; security doctrine; legitimacy; identity politics.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu makale, İsrail&amp;rsquo;in g&amp;uuml;venlik doktrininin yalnızca stratejik ve kurumsal akıl &amp;uuml;zerinden değil, kimi bağlamlarda dinsel referanslarla &amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;len bir meşruiyet ve mobilizasyon repertuarıyla da kurulduğu varsayımına dayanır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, siyasal teoloji perspektifini securitization (g&amp;uuml;venlikleştirme) kuramıyla birleştirerek dinsel s&amp;ouml;ylemin hangi koşullarda &amp;ldquo;varoluşsal tehdit&amp;rdquo; &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesini g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirdiğini ve olağan&amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml; tedbirlerin kabul edilebilirliğini nasıl artırdığını analiz eder. Dinsel s&amp;ouml;ylem, tek başına belirleyici bir neden olarak değil; g&amp;uuml;venlik s&amp;ouml;ylemini yoğunlaştıran, toplumsal rıza &amp;uuml;reten ve &amp;ldquo;biz/&amp;ouml;teki&amp;rdquo; sınırlarını sertleştirebilen bir &amp;ccedil;arpan olarak ele alınır. Nitel y&amp;ouml;ntemle lider s&amp;ouml;ylemleri, parti/koalisyon dilindeki g&amp;uuml;venlik temsilleri ve kutsal mek&amp;acirc;n&amp;ndash;egemenlik&amp;ndash;tehdit ilişkisini kuran kamusal anlatılar &amp;uuml;zerinden mekanizma analizi yapılır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, İsrail &amp;ouml;rneğinde g&amp;uuml;venlikleştirmenin kritik anlarda dinsel kodlarla desteklendiği; bunun kriz y&amp;ouml;netiminde tırmanma riskini ve normatif meşruiyet tartışmalarını artırdığı ileri s&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;r. Hukuk&amp;icirc; ve kurumsal frenlerin ile karşı-s&amp;ouml;ylemlerin etkisinin ise bağlama g&amp;ouml;re değiştiği vurgulanır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;This article argues that Israel&amp;rsquo;s security doctrine is shaped not only by strategic and institutional rationality but also, in specific contexts, by a repertoire of legitimacy and mobilization woven through religious references. Combining political theology with securitization theory, the study examines the conditions under which religious discourse reinforces the framing of an &amp;ldquo;existential threat&amp;rdquo; and increases the acceptability of extraordinary measures. Rather than treating religion as a single causal determinant, it conceptualizes religious discourse as a multiplier that intensifies security narratives, generates societal consent, and hardens the boundaries between &amp;ldquo;us&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;the other.&amp;rdquo; Using a qualitative approach, the article conducts a mechanism-based analysis of leaders&amp;rsquo; rhetoric, security representations in party/coalition language, and public narratives linking sacred space, sovereignty, and threat. It concludes that in the Israeli case securitization is, at critical moments, supported by religious codes, deepening both escalation risks in crisis management and debates over normative legitimacy. At the same time, the constraining impact of legal/institutional checks and counter-discourses varies depending on the context.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89385</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[263-320]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/16</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Metin Kaçan’ın Fındık Sekiz Romanını Tasavvufî Açıdan Okumak]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Reading Metin Kaçan’s Novel Fındık Sekiz from a Sûfî Perspective]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Batuhan ŞUORUÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Fındık Sekiz, İlahî aşk, Metin Kaçan, Postmodern roman, Tasavvuf]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Divine love, Fındık Sekiz, Metin Kaçan, Postmodern Novel, Sufism]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Tasavvuf, y&amp;uuml;zyıllardır İsl&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; ilimlerin en &amp;ccedil;ok &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkan dallarından biri olarak karşımıza &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır. Tasavvuf ilmi aracılığıyla kişi manev&amp;icirc; yolculuğunu ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirmeye &amp;ccedil;alışır. Bu sayede kendisini ve yaratılışını tam anlamıyla fark ederek yaratıcı olan Allah&amp;rsquo;a karşı daha duyarlı bir kul olma gayretini b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir hassasiyetle y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;tmek i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ccedil;aba sarf eder. Tasavvuf ilmini &amp;ouml;ğrenmek i&amp;ccedil;in istekli olan kişiler (s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;ler), bir rehbere (m&amp;uuml;rşide) intisap ederek onlardan i&amp;ccedil;sel yolculuklarını ne şekilde tamamlayacaklarına ilişkin birtakım teorik ve pratik bilgiler &amp;ouml;ğrenir. Elde ettikleri bu bilgileri belirli bir d&amp;ouml;ng&amp;uuml;de tekrar ederek bazı makamlara ulaşır ve birtakım ruhan&amp;icirc; h&amp;acirc;lleri tecr&amp;uuml;be ederler. Postmodern T&amp;uuml;rk edebiyatının i&amp;ccedil;erik y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle bu konuyu merkeze alan ilk &amp;ouml;rneklerinden biri Metin Ka&amp;ccedil;an&amp;rsquo;ın &lt;em&gt;Fındık Sekiz&lt;/em&gt; romanıdır. Roman boyunca Meto&amp;rsquo;nun manevi yolculuğu rehberi (m&amp;uuml;rşidi) Fahri Baba&amp;rsquo;nın y&amp;ouml;nlendirmesiyle ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşir. Malibu adlı ara&amp;ccedil;larıyla birlikte &amp;ccedil;ıktıkları uzun yolculuklarda Fahri Baba, Meto&amp;rsquo;ya hakiki aşka dair bir&amp;ccedil;ok nasihatta bulunarak ona yol g&amp;ouml;stermeye ve doğruyu &amp;ouml;ğretmeye &amp;ccedil;alışır. Romanda Meto&amp;rsquo;nun mecaz&amp;icirc; aşktan hakiki aşka doğru ilerlediği seyr&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;l&amp;ucirc;k yolculuğu tasavvuf&amp;icirc; ve menkıbevi bir&amp;ccedil;ok kavram ve olaya telmihte bulunularak ele alınmıştır. Kendi nefsi arzularını dizginlemekte son derece zorlanan Meto, Fahri Baba&amp;rsquo;nın yardımıyla esas itibarıyla hayal ettiği yaşam bi&amp;ccedil;imine ge&amp;ccedil;meye &amp;ccedil;alışan modern bir derviş olarak kurgulanmıştır. Meto&amp;rsquo;nun itikad&amp;icirc; durumuna ilişkin kurgulanan kısımlardan hareketle tasavvuf&amp;icirc; literat&amp;uuml;rdeki vahdet-i v&amp;uuml;cut kavramına atıfla yapılmakla birlikte Ka&amp;ccedil;an&amp;rsquo;ın romandaki tasavvuf&amp;icirc; atmosferi metnin b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;ne yayma amacında olduğu yorumunu yapabileceğimiz bir&amp;ccedil;ok ayete kurgu boyunca ara ara telmihlerde bulunması, metnin &amp;ouml;nemli unsurlardan biri olarak karşımıza &amp;ccedil;ıkar. Meto&amp;rsquo;nun yanı sıra &lt;em&gt;Fındık Sekiz&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;de Sevda karakterinin hayata bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısına ve eylemlerine de s&amp;uuml;rekli yer verilmiştir. Meto&amp;rsquo;nun ulv&amp;icirc; aşk arayışının karşısına bir &amp;ouml;teki olarak Sevda karakteri konumlandırılmıştır. Sevda, son derece s&amp;uuml;fli bir yaşam tarzını benimsemiş ve nefsinin arzuları doğrultusunda hareket eden bir karakterdir. Sevda&amp;rsquo;nın bu şekilde kurgulanmış bir karakter oluşu, okurun Meto&amp;rsquo;nun arayışına daha sahici bir g&amp;ouml;zle bakmanın imk&amp;acirc;nını vermektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;ufism, has emerged for centuries as one of the most prominent branches of Islamic sciences. Through the knowledge of Sufism, a person attempts to undertake their spiritual journey. In this way, they strive with great sensitivity to become a more conscientious servant before God by fully recognising themselves and their creation. People who are eager to learn the science of mysticism (Sufis) attach themselves to a guide (murshid) and learn some theoretical and practical knowledge about how to complete their inner journey from them. By repeating the knowledge they have acquired in a certain cycle, they reach certain stages and experience some spiritual states. One of the first examples of postmodern Turkish literature that centres on this subject in terms of content is Metin Ka&amp;ccedil;an's novel &lt;em&gt;Fındık Sekiz&lt;/em&gt;. Throughout the novel, Meto&amp;rsquo;s spiritual journey takes place under the guidance of his mentor Fahri Baba. During the long journeys they undertake with their vehicle called Malibu, Fahri Baba tries to guide Meto and teach him the right way by giving him numerous pieces of advice about true love. In the novel, Meto&amp;rsquo;s journey from metaphorical love to true love is depicted as a mystical and exemplary journey, alluding to many Sufi and legendary concepts and events. Meto, who finds it extremely difficult to restrain his own desires, is portrayed as a modern dervish attempting, with the help of Fahri Baba, to transition to the way of life he essentially dreams of. Based on the parts constructed regarding Meto&amp;rsquo;s doctrinal situation, although it is done with reference to the concept of wahdat al-wujud in Sufi literature, the fact that Ka&amp;ccedil;an occasionally alludes to many verses throughout the narrative, which we can interpret as his aim to spread the Sufi atmosphere throughout the novel, appears as one of the significant elements of the text. In addition to Meto, the perspective on life and actions of the character Sevda in &lt;em&gt;Fındık Sekiz&lt;/em&gt; are also constantly highlighted. Sevda is positioned as an other against Meto&amp;rsquo;s quest for sublime love. Sevda is a character who has adopted an extremely base lifestyle and acts according to the desires of her ego. The way Sevda is constructed as a character allows the reader to view Meto&amp;rsquo;s quest with a more genuine perspective.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89360</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1649-1685]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/17</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukukunda Hükmün Sonradan Açığa Çıkması: Tebeyyünî Hüküm]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Retrospective Clarification of a Ruling in Islamic Law: al-Ḥukm al-Tabayyunī]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammet BAĞÇİVAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Halil KILIÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukuku, Fıkıh Usulü, Hüküm, Tebeyyün, Kaide]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Fiqh, Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Ruling (Ḥukm), Clarification (Tebeyyün), Legal Maxim (Qā‘idah)]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;H&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;m, fıkıh usul&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n d&amp;ouml;rt temel unsurundan biridir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, fıkıh usul&amp;uuml;nde tebeyy&amp;uuml;n&amp;icirc; h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n mahiyetini ve uygulamadaki etkilerini ortaya koymayı ama&amp;ccedil;lar. Tebeyy&amp;uuml;n&amp;icirc; h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;m, h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n s&amp;uuml;butu ile m&amp;uuml;kellefin fiilinin hukuki değerini ilişkilendiren temel bir prensiptir. Bu ilkede; h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n şu anda sabit olduğu ancak bu sabitliğin aslında &amp;ouml;nceden de mevcut olduğu anlaşılır. Meselenin i&amp;ccedil; y&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n sonradan a&amp;ccedil;ığa &amp;ccedil;ıkması, &amp;ouml;zellikle teklifin ge&amp;ccedil;erliliği, fiilin sıhhati veya fes&amp;acirc;dı ve ibadetlerin iade ya da kazası gibi konularda belirleyici bir &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;t oluşturur. Bu bakımdan, h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n s&amp;uuml;but ve ge&amp;ccedil;erliliği a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;neme sahip olan sebep, şart ve m&amp;acirc;niʻ kavramları ile iktis&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc;, inkıl&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc; ve istin&amp;acirc;d&amp;icirc; h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mle ilişkilidir. Araştırma kapsamında Hanef&amp;icirc;, M&amp;acirc;lik&amp;icirc; ve Ş&amp;acirc;fi&amp;icirc; mezheplerinin temel kaynakları &amp;uuml;zerinden fer&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc; meseleler tespit edilmiştir. Hanef&amp;icirc;ler meselelerin mahiyetine g&amp;ouml;re farklı değerlendirmeler yaparken, M&amp;acirc;lik&amp;icirc;ler ibadetler sahasında nispeten m&amp;uuml;samahak&amp;acirc;r bir yaklaşım benimsemişlerdir. Ş&amp;acirc;fi&amp;icirc;ler ise tebeyy&amp;uuml;n&amp;icirc; h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml; genellikle uygulamışlardır. Tebeyy&amp;uuml;n&amp;icirc; h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;m aracılığıyla hem sonradan edinilen bilginin gereği yerine getirilmiş hem de olası mağduriyetler giderilmiştir. Bu durum, tebeyy&amp;uuml;n&amp;icirc; h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n fer&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc; meselelerdeki uygulanmasına ilaveten h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n s&amp;uuml;butu ve ge&amp;ccedil;erliliğini temellendiren metodolojik bir esas olarak İslam hukuk sisteminde sistematik bir b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; yansıttığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. B&amp;ouml;ylece mezhepler arası farklılıklar, bilgi ve fiil arasındaki ilişkiyi yorumlama bi&amp;ccedil;imlerini ortaya koymakta ve tebeyy&amp;uuml;n ilkesinin hem teorik hem de pratik &amp;ouml;nemini vurgulamaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The ruling (ḥukm) is one of the four fundamental elements of Islamic legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh). This study aims to reveal the nature of the clarified ruling (tebeyy&amp;uuml;n&amp;icirc; ḥukm) in Islamic legal theory and its effects on practice. The clarified ruling is a fundamental principle connecting the establishment (thubūt) of the ruling with the legal value of the subject&amp;rsquo;s (mukallaf) act. In this principle, it is understood that while the ruling is established in the present, this establishment actually existed beforehand. The subsequent revelation of the inner face of the matter constitutes a determining criterion, particularly in issues such as the validity of the legal obligation (taklīf), the validity (ṣiḥḥah) or invalidity (fasād) of the act, and the restitution (qaḍā&amp;rsquo;) or repetition (i&amp;lsquo;āda) of acts of worship. In this respect, it is related to the concepts of cause (sabab), condition (sharṭ), and impediment (māni&amp;lsquo;)&amp;mdash;which are significant for the establishment and validity of the ruling&amp;mdash;as well as to restricted (iqtiṣārī), transformed (inqilābī), and retroactive (istinādī) rulings. Within the scope of the research, subsidiary issues (far&amp;lsquo;ī) have been identified through the primary sources of the Ḥanafī, Mālikī, and Shāfi&amp;lsquo;ī schools. While Ḥanafīs make different evaluations according to the nature of the issues, Mālikīs have adopted a relatively lenient approach in the field of worship. Shāfi&amp;lsquo;īs, on the other hand, have generally applied the clarified ruling. Through the clarified ruling, both the requirement of the subsequently acquired knowledge has been fulfilled and potential grievances have been remedied. This situation indicates that the clarified ruling reflects a systematic integrity in the Islamic legal system as a methodological basis grounding the establishment and validity of the ruling, in addition to its application in subsidiary issues. Thus, the differences between the schools reveal the forms of interpreting the relationship between knowledge and action, emphasizing both the theoretical and practical importance of the principle of clarification (tebeyy&amp;uuml;n)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89320</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[493-544]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/18</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[“Allah bu ümmeti, yarım gün (500 sene) vermemek suretiyle âciz bırakacak değildir” Rivâyetinin İsnâd ve Metin Açısından Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Analysis of the Narration Allah Will Not Leave This Ummah Weak by Not Granting Them Half a Day from the Perspective of Hadith Science]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet DİLEK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadîs, Ebû Dâvûd, Kıyâmet, Ümmet, Nısf-ı Yevm.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Abu Dawud, Doomsday, Ummah, Half a Day]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Bu makalede &amp;ldquo;Allah bu &amp;uuml;mmeti, yarım g&amp;uuml;n (500 sene) vermemek suretiyle &lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;&amp;acirc;&lt;/span&gt;ciz bırakacak değildir&amp;rdquo; riv&amp;acirc;yetinin isn&amp;acirc;d ve metin a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirilmesi yapılmaktadır. Had&amp;icirc;s &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; sah&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc;den gelmekte olup temel kaynaklarımızda bazı lafız farklılıkları ile rivayet edilmektedir. &lt;em&gt;K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;b-i Sitte&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;den Ebu D&amp;acirc;v&amp;ucirc;d (&amp;ouml;. 275/889), ilgili rivayete &lt;em&gt;S&amp;uuml;nen&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;in &lt;em&gt;&amp;ldquo;Mel&amp;acirc;him B&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; Kıy&amp;acirc;met Saati B&amp;acirc;bı&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt;nda yer vermektedir. Bu riv&amp;acirc;yet sah&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc; Eb&amp;ucirc; Sa&amp;rsquo;lebe el-Huşen&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;den gelmektedir. Sa&amp;rsquo;d b. Eb&amp;ucirc; Vakk&amp;acirc;s ve Mikd&amp;acirc;m b. Ma&amp;rsquo;dikerib&amp;rsquo;ten de benzer rivayetler nakledilmektedir. Bu tar&amp;icirc;klerin sened ve metinleri &amp;uuml;zerinden &amp;ccedil;eşitli tartışmalar yapılmıştır. Sıhhat a&amp;ccedil;ısından rivayetlere baktığımızda genel olarak Ebu Sa&amp;rsquo;lebe el-Huşen&amp;icirc; rivayeti i&amp;ccedil;in sah&amp;icirc;h liğayrihi nitelemesinin doğru ve merfu bir rivayet olmasının daha uygun olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Sa&amp;rsquo;d b. Eb&amp;ucirc; Vakk&amp;acirc;s rivayeti i&amp;ccedil;in m&amp;uuml;rsel ve m&amp;uuml;nkatı&amp;rsquo; bir rivayet olduğu s&amp;ouml;ylenmiş olsa da merfu olan bu had&amp;icirc;sin h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n, diğer b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n tar&amp;icirc;kleri değerlendirildiğinde hasen ligayrihi olmasının daha uygun olduğu g&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;kmektedir. Mikd&amp;acirc;m b. Ma&amp;rsquo;dikerib rivayeti ise mevkuf bir rivayet olup, sah&amp;icirc;h olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. &amp;Acirc;limlerden bir kısmı bunun m&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;minlerin kıy&amp;acirc;met koptuktan sonraki durumlarından haber veren bir riv&amp;acirc;yet olduğunu ifade ederlerken bir kısmı da kıy&amp;acirc;metin kopması saatinden/vaktinden s&amp;ouml;z ettiğini s&amp;ouml;ylemişlerdir. Bazı &amp;acirc;limler de &amp;uuml;mmetin, diğer millet ve &amp;uuml;mmetlere g&amp;acirc;lib olarak devam ettiği s&amp;uuml;reyi bildirmekte olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; benimsemişlerdir. B&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri değerlendirdiğimizde had&amp;icirc;ste kıyamet koptuktan sonraki ahvalden bahsedilmiş olmasının uzak ve zorlama bir yorum olduğu; kıyametin kopma saatinden haber verme anlamındaki bir yorumun v&amp;acirc;kıa ile &amp;ccedil;eliştiği anlaşılmaktadır. Kanaatimizce Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in, &amp;uuml;mmetin en az beş y&amp;uuml;z sene isyan etmeden, g&amp;uuml;nahlara dalmadan ve diğer &amp;uuml;mmetlere g&amp;acirc;libane olarak devam etmesi hususunda &amp;acirc;ciz olmayacaklarını ifade etmesi ve bunu Rabbi&amp;rsquo;nden talep etmesi uygun bir yorum olarak g&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;kmektedir. &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;The narration regarding the extension of the Ummah's life by "half a day" is transmitted through three primary Sahaba (Companions):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Eb&amp;ucirc; Sa&amp;rsquo;lebe el-Huşen&amp;icirc;: Found in Abu Dawud (Mel&amp;acirc;him section) and Musnad Ahmad. The core text states: "Allah will not fail this Ummah by not granting them half a day."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Sa&amp;rsquo;d b. Eb&amp;ucirc; Vakk&amp;acirc;s: Recorded in Abu Dawud, Musnad Ahmad, and al-Mustadrak. In these versions, the Prophet expresses a hope or prayer that Allah delays the Ummah's end by half a day, which is explicitly defined by narrators as 500 years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Mikd&amp;acirc;m b. Ma&amp;rsquo;dikerib: Found in earlier sources like al-&amp;Acirc;h&amp;acirc;d ve&amp;rsquo;l-mes&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;. Notably, this version is often attributed to Mikd&amp;acirc;m himself (Mawkuf) rather than the Prophet, reacting to rumors that the Day of Judgment would occur in the year 100 AH.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;The article evaluates the reliability of these chains of narration using the science of Jarh and Ta&amp;rsquo;dil. Eb&amp;ucirc; Sa&amp;rsquo;lebe Chain, considered Sahih li-ghayrihi (Authentic due to external evidence). While some narrators like Muawiyah b. Salih are debated, the overall consensus is that the chain is strong. Sa&amp;rsquo;d b. Eb&amp;ucirc; Vakk&amp;acirc;s Chain, generally classified as Hasan li-ghayrihi (Good/Fair). Although some links (like Rashid b. Sa'd) did not directly meet Sa'd (making it Mursal), the multiple pathways strengthen its status. Mikd&amp;acirc;m Chain, validated as a reliable Mawkuf (Companion) statement, supporting the idea that this knowledge was known among the Sahaba.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Conclusion on Authenticity: Given the mutual support between the three Sahaba's narrations, scholars conclude the meaning is authentic and attributable to the Prophet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Scholars have historically categorized the "500 years" mentioned in the hadith into three main interpretations:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;A. Post-Judgment Day (Ahiret) Context&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Proponents: Al-Alqami, al-Munawi, Ibn Raslan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;View: This "half day" does not refer to the world's end, but to the delay in the Hereafter. It is linked to the hadith stating that the poor will enter Paradise 500 years before the rich. Thus, the Ummah's wealthy members are "not incapable" of enduring the 500-year wait for reckoning.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;B. The Lifespan of the Ummah and the World&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Proponents: Al-Tabari, Ali al-Qari, Ibn Kathir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;View: This interprets the text as a prediction of the time remaining until the Day of Judgment. Al-Tabari argued that since 1 day in Allah's sight is 1,000 years, the Ummah was granted 500 years of life. Ibn Kathir and Ibn Rajab noted that since more than 500 years had already passed by their time, the hadith should be seen as a minimum guarantee rather than a maximum limit. They view the continued existence of the Ummah as a "Proof of Prophethood" (Nubuwwat).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;C. Spiritual and Political Longevity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;View: Some commentators suggest "delaying them" refers to Allah preserving the Ummah from spiritual decay, major sins, or external destruction for at least 500 years, ensuring the religion remains dominant and "safe" for that duration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;In the Kutub al-Sittah, only the Sunan of Abu Dawud contains a narration meaning, "Allah will not fail this Ummah by not granting them half a day (500 years)." This narration is transmitted by the companion Abu Tha'laba al-Khushani. In the same section, Abu Dawud reports another narration from Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas with slightly different wording but the same meaning. In this version, the term nisf al-yawm (half a day) is explicitly defined as 500 years. Upon examining hadith literature, we find that a similar narration is also transmitted by al-Miqdam b. Ma'dikarib, in addition to these two companions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Regarding the authenticity (sihhat) of these narrations, it is understood that the Abu Tha'laba al-Khushani report is best classified as sahih li-ghayrihi (authentic due to external evidence) and is a marfu (attributed to the Prophet) narration. Although the report from Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas has been described as mursal or munqati (broken in chain), when all its pathways are evaluated together, it is more appropriate to categorize this marfu hadith as hasan li-ghayrihi (fair due to external evidence). The narration from al-Miqdam b. Ma'dikarib is a mawkuf (attributed to a companion) report and can be considered sahih (authentic).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Since the early periods, many commentators (sharih) have attempted to interpret this hadith from various perspectives. Some suggest it refers to the circumstances of the Day of Judgment (ahwal al-qiyamah), while others argue it speaks of the specific timing of the Hour&amp;mdash;namely, the total lifespan of the Ummah of Muhammad. Other scholars have interpreted it from a different angle, suggesting it refers to the Ummah&amp;rsquo;s continued dominance over other nations and communities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Upon evaluating all these perspectives, it is my opinion that interpreting the hadith as referring to the states after the Day of Judgment is a distant and forced explanation. Furthermore, interpreting it as a definitive report on the total lifespan of the Ummah contradicts historical reality (waqi&amp;rsquo;ah). It is more appropriate to interpret the hadith as the Prophet&amp;rsquo;s request from his Lord, expressing that the Ummah would not be "incapable" of maintaining its path for at least five hundred years without falling into rebellion or total sin, and continuing as a prevailing force over other nations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Finally, in the Abu Tha'laba narration in Sunan Abi Dawud, the verb 'ajaza (&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;عجز&lt;/span&gt;) appears in the if&amp;rsquo;al form as "lan yu&amp;rsquo;jizallahu." Translating this as "Allah will not leave this Ummah in a state of helplessness/incapability by not granting them half a day (500 years)" seems most fitting to reflect the intended meaning of the text.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89308</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[953-999]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/19</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Müzikle Tedavide Din ve Dini İçerikli Müzik Faktörü ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Factor of Religion and Religious Music in Music Therapy]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Arif DEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dini Müzik, Terapi, Müzik, Din, Müzikle Tedavi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Music, Therapy, Music, Religion, Music Therapy]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; line-height: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;M&amp;uuml;zik, insanın ruhsal, duygusal ve bedensel yapısı &amp;uuml;zerinde derin etkiler oluşturan evrensel bir sanat dalıdır. Tarih boyunca &amp;ccedil;eşitli medeniyetlerde m&amp;uuml;zik, yalnızca estetik bir ifade bi&amp;ccedil;imi değil, aynı zamanda bir &lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;tedavi aracı&lt;/span&gt; olarak da kullanılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt; İnsan yaşamında etkili ve g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir iletişim aracı olan m&amp;uuml;zik, sadece ruh sağlığı bozuk olanlara değil, iyi olanlara da şifa olmaktadır. M&amp;uuml;zik, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde farklı toplum ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rlerde &amp;ouml;nemli bir &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;tedavi aracı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; olarak kullanılmakta; &amp;ouml;zellikle &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;din&amp;icirc; ve spirit&amp;uuml;el rit&amp;uuml;ellerle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; birleştiğinde bireyin ruhsal, zihinsel ve fiziksel iyileşmesine g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; katkılar sunmaktadır. Din&amp;icirc; i&amp;ccedil;erikli m&amp;uuml;zikler ve uygulamalar (dua eşliğinde m&amp;uuml;zik, ilahiler, zikir, Kur&amp;rsquo;an tilaveti, sema/semah vb.), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;manevi huzur, umut, anlam ve teslimiyet duygusunu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; artırırken; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;kaygı, stres ve travma belirtilerini azaltmakta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, duygu d&amp;uuml;zenlemeyi ve psikolojik rahatlamayı desteklemektedir. N&amp;ouml;ropsikolojik bulgular, bu t&amp;uuml;r m&amp;uuml;ziklerin &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;beyin dalgaları, hormon d&amp;uuml;zeyleri ve fizyolojik ritimler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;uuml;zerinde dengeleyici etkiler oluşturduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt; M&amp;uuml;zikle tedavi uygulamalarında din unsuru, m&amp;uuml;ziğin anlamına, icra bi&amp;ccedil;imine ve insan &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisine y&amp;ouml;n veren &amp;ouml;nemli bir bileşendir. M&amp;uuml;zikle tedavide din ve dini i&amp;ccedil;erikli m&amp;uuml;ziklerin etkisine dair &amp;ccedil;alışmaların sayısında son yıllarda gerek &amp;uuml;lkemizde ve gerekse d&amp;uuml;nyada &amp;ouml;nemli artışlar kaydedilmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, m&amp;uuml;zikle tedavide dinin rol&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; tarihsel, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ve psikolojik bağlamda ele almaktadır. Ayrıca m&amp;uuml;zikle tedavide dini i&amp;ccedil;erikli m&amp;uuml;ziklerin kullanımına dair g&amp;uuml;ncel araştırmalara yer verilmiştir. Bulgular, dini m&amp;uuml;ziklerin bireyin ruhsal denge, umut ve iyileşme s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde &amp;ouml;nemli bir destek unsuru olduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;Music&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;is a universal branch of art that has a deep impact on the spiritual, emotional and physical structure of a person. Throughout&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;history,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;music&lt;/span&gt; has been &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;used&lt;/span&gt; in &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;various&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;civilizations&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;only&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;as&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;an&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;aesthetic&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;form&lt;/span&gt; of &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;expression&lt;/span&gt; but &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;also&lt;/span&gt; as a &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;therapeutic&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;tool. Music,&lt;/span&gt; which &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;an&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;effective&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;powerful&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;communication&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;tool&lt;/span&gt; in &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;human&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;life&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;heals&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;only&lt;/span&gt; those with &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;mental&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;health&lt;/span&gt; problems but &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;also&lt;/span&gt; those who are &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;well. &lt;/span&gt;Music is now used as an important therapeutic tool in different societies and cultures; especially when combined with religious and spiritual rituals, it makes strong contributions to individuals&amp;rsquo; spiritual, mental, and physical healing. Religious music and practices (such as music accompanying prayer, hymns, dhikr, Qur&amp;rsquo;an recitation, sama/semah, etc.) enhance feelings of spiritual peace, hope, meaning, and surrender, while reducing symptoms of anxiety, stress, and trauma, and supporting emotion regulation and psychological relaxation. Neuropsychological findings show that such music has balancing effects on brain waves, hormone levels, and physiological rhythms. In &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;music&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;therapy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;practices,&lt;/span&gt; the &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;religious element&lt;/span&gt; is &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;an&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;important&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;component&lt;/span&gt; that directs the &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;meaning&lt;/span&gt; of music, the &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;way&lt;/span&gt; it is &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;performed&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; its &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;effect&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;on&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;people. &lt;/span&gt;There has been a &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;significant&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;increase&lt;/span&gt; in the &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;number&lt;/span&gt; of &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;studies&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;on&lt;/span&gt; the &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;effect&lt;/span&gt; of &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;religion&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; religious &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;music&lt;/span&gt; in music &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;therapy&lt;/span&gt; in recent years, &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;both&lt;/span&gt; in our &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;country&lt;/span&gt; and in the &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;This&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;study&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;discusses&lt;/span&gt; the &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;role&lt;/span&gt; of &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;religion&lt;/span&gt; in &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;music&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;therapy&lt;/span&gt; within a &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;historical,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;cultural&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;psychological&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;context.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;Additionally&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;current&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;research&lt;/span&gt; on &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;use&lt;/span&gt; of &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;religious&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;music&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; music &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;therapy&lt;/span&gt; is &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;included. &lt;/span&gt;The &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;findings&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;show&lt;/span&gt; that &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;religious&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;music&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;an&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;important&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;supporting&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;element&lt;/span&gt; in the &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;'s &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;spiritual&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;balance,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;hope&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;healing&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ypks7kbdpwfgdykd3qb9"&gt;processes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89292</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[801-856]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/20</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[العوائق الثقافية واللغوية في الترجمة بين العربية والتركية: إطار نظري وأمثلة تطبيقية]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Cultural And Linguistic Barriers İn Translation Between Arabic And Turkish: A Theoretical Framework And Applied Examples]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Aya Nasr Mohammed ELKATREY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[الترجمة العربية-التركية، الفروقات الثقافية، الفروقات البنيوية، استراتيجيات الترجمة، الوعي الترجمي.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic–Turkish translation, cultural differences, structural differences, translation strategies, translational awareness.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;ملخص&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;تعد الترجمة بين اللغتين العربية والتركية بمثابة شريانٍ حيويٍّ يغذي التبادل الثقافي والمعرفي بين حضارتين عريقتين تتقاسمان إرثًا تاريخيًا مشتركًا وروابط اجتماعية وحضارية ممتدة عبر قرون طويلة من التفاعل والتأثير المتبادل. وقد أسهم هذا التداخل التاريخي في نشوء رصيدٍ لغوي وثقافي مشترك، لا سيما في المجالات الدينية والأدبية والإدارية، مما أضفى على عملية الترجمة بين اللغتين أهميةً خاصة تتجاوز حدود التواصل اللغوي لتصل إلى إعادة إنتاج المعنى الحضاري ونقل الخبرات الإنسانية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; ويأتي التفاعل المستمر بين العربية والتركية، بوصفهما لغتين تمثلان نقطة التقاء بين الشرق والغرب، ليجعلهما محورًا أساسيًا في مجالات متعددة، من أبرزها التجارة الدولية، والأدب المقارن، والدراسات التاريخية، والبحث العلمي المعاصر. غير أن هذا التفاعل لا يعني بالضرورة سهولة الترجمة بينهما، إذ إن الاختلافات البنيوية بين اللغتين، من حيث الانتماء إلى عائلتين لغويتين مختلفتين، تؤدي إلى تباينات جوهرية في النظام النحوي والصرفي، وترتيب مكونات الجملة، وآليات توليد المفردات والدلالات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; وعليه، فإن عملية الترجمة بين العربية والتركية تتجاوز بكثير مجرد استبدال الكلمات أو إيجاد مقابلات معجمية مباشرة، لتغدو عملية فكرية وتأويلية معقدة، تتطلب من المترجم وعيا عميقا بالسياقين اللغوي والثقافي معا. فالكثير من الألفاظ والتراكيب تحمل شحنات ثقافية ودلالية لا يمكن نقلها حرفيا دون الإخلال بالمعنى أو تشويهه، وهو ما يفرض على المترجم اللجوء إلى استراتيجيات ترجمية مرنة، تراعي مقصد النص الأصلي ووظيفته التواصلية في الثقافة المنقول إليها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; كما تبرز التحديات الثقافية بوصفها من أكثر العوائق تعقيدا في هذا النوع من الترجمة، إذ تختلف منظومة القيم، والعادات، والرموز، والمرجعيات الفكرية بين المجتمعين العربي والتركي، رغم التقاطعات التاريخية والدينية. ويزداد الأمر تعقيدا عند ترجمة النصوص الأدبية أو الخطابات البلاغية، حيث تتداخل اللغة مع الخيال والأسلوب والإيحاء، مما يتطلب من المترجم قدرة عالية على إعادة الصياغة الإبداعية دون الإخلال بروح النص الأصلي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; وتسعى هذه المقالة إلى استعراض أبرز العوائق التي تعترض الترجمة بين اللغتين العربية والتركية، بدءًا من الفجوات الثقافية الدقيقة، مرورا بالتحديات البنيوية الصارمة على المستويين النحوي والصرفي، وصولا إلى التحديات المعرفية المرتبطة بالوعي الترجمي والكفاءة التداولية. كما تهدف إلى تقديم إطار تحليلي شامل يساعد على فهم هذه التحديات بعمق، واقتراح سبل عملية لتجاوزها بفعالية، من خلال تبني استراتيجيات ترجمية واعية ومدروسة، تقوم على التكامل بين المعرفة اللغوية والخبرة الثقافية، بما يسهم في الارتقاء بجودة الترجمة وتعزيز دورها في بناء جسور التفاهم بين الثقافتين العربية والتركية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Translation between Arabic and Turkish constitutes a vital artery that nourishes cultural and intellectual exchange between two ancient civilizations that share a common historical heritage and long-standing social and civilizational ties shaped through centuries of mutual interaction and influence. This historical intertwinement has contributed to the formation of a shared linguistic and cultural reservoir, particularly in religious, literary, and administrative domains, thereby conferring upon the translation process between the two languages a special significance that transcends mere linguistic communication to encompass the reproduction of civilizational meaning and the transmission of human experience. The continuous interaction between Arabic and Turkish, as two languages situated at a crossroads between East and West, has rendered them central to a wide range of fields, most notably international trade, comparative literature, historical studies, and contemporary scientific research. However, such interaction does not necessarily imply ease of translation. On the contrary, the structural differences between the two languages&amp;mdash;stemming from their affiliation with distinct language families&amp;mdash;give rise to fundamental divergences in grammatical and morphological systems, sentence structure, and mechanisms of lexical and semantic formation. Accordingly, the process of translation between Arabic and Turkish extends far beyond the mere substitution of words or the identification of straightforward lexical equivalents. It emerges instead as a complex intellectual and interpretive activity that demands from the translator a profound awareness of both linguistic and cultural contexts. Many lexical items and syntactic constructions carry cultural and semantic connotations that cannot be transferred literally without distorting or diminishing meaning. This reality compels translators to adopt flexible and well-considered translation strategies that take into account the intent of the source text and its communicative function within the target culture. Cultural challenges, moreover, represent some of the most intricate obstacles in this type of translation. Despite historical and religious intersections, the value systems, customs, symbols, and intellectual reference frameworks of Arab and Turkish societies differ in significant ways. These challenges become particularly pronounced in the translation of literary texts and rhetorical discourse, where language intertwines with imagination, style, and connotation. Such texts require from the translator a high degree of creative reformulation while preserving the spirit and aesthetic essence of the original work. This article seeks to examine the principal obstacles confronting translation between Arabic and Turkish, beginning with subtle cultural gaps and extending through rigid structural challenges at the grammatical and morphological levels, to cognitive challenges related to translational awareness and pragmatic competence. It further aims to present a comprehensive analytical framework that facilitates a deeper understanding of these challenges and proposes practical means of addressing them effectively through the adoption of conscious and well-planned translation strategies. These strategies are grounded in the integration of linguistic knowledge and cultural expertise, thereby contributing to the enhancement of translation quality and reinforcing the role of translation in building bridges of mutual understanding between Arab and Turkish cultures.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89220</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1271-1309]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/21</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Anlatı Geleneğinde Anlatım Teknikleri: Musul Halk Anlatıları Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ Narrative Techniques in Folk Narrative Heritage: The Mosuli Tradition as a Case Study]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yasir OSMANOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[الكلمات المفتاحية: اللغة العربية؛ تقنيات السرد؛ التحليل السردي؛ الموروث الشعبي؛ الحكايات الشعبية الموصليّة؛ بنية الزمن؛ الراوي.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[ Keywords: Arabic language; narrative techniques; narratological analysis; folk heritage; Mosuli folk tales; narrative time; narrator.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoBodyText" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;الملخص&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt; :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; font-weight: normal;"&gt;تندرج هذه الدراسة ضمن ميدان اللغة العربية والدراسات السردية، وتهدف إلى تحليل تقنيات السرد في نصوص الحكايات الشعبية الموصليّة بوصفها &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; font-weight: normal;"&gt;corpus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; font-weight: normal;"&gt; لغويًا حكائيًا يُظهر آليات اشتغال البنية السردية في التراث الشعبي. وتكتسب الحكاية الموصليّة أهميتها من كونها نصًا عربيًا شفهيًا حافظَ عبر تداوله على ملامح الذاكرة الثقافية والاجتماعية لمدينة الموصل، مما يجعلها مادة مناسبة لقياس قدرة التحليل اللغوي&amp;ndash;السردي على كشف بنية المعنى وتشكّل الدلالة في خطاب غير مدوّن أساسًا للكتابة الأدبية. تنبثق الإشكالية الرئيسة للبحث من السؤال الآتي: كيف تتجلى التقنيات السردية داخل المرويات الشعبية الموصليّة، وما خصائص بنائها اللغوي وأثرها في تشكيل المعنى؟ وينبثق عنه أسئلة فرعية تتعلق بطبيعة الراوي، وآليات تنظيم الزمن السردي، وأنماط بناء الشخصية، وكيفية اشتغال اللغة في خلق الإيقاع والتوتر والتفاعل داخل النص. وقد اعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي&amp;ndash;التحليلي من خلال معالجة عينة مختارة من الحكايات الشعبية المدوّنة والشفهية، بهدف تفكيك عناصرها اللغوية والكشف عن بنى السرد ووظائفه الجمالية والدلالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; font-weight: normal;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; font-weight: normal;"&gt;واعتمدت الدراسة على مراجع سردية كلاسيكية ومعاصرة مترجمة إلى العربية، مثل النماذج البنيوية (بروب وجينيت)، إلى جانب مراجع أصلية في الفولكلور، لضمان تكامل الجانب النظري مع التطبيق. وقد أظهرت النتائج أن السرد الشعبي الموصلي يقوم على لغة حكائية تجمع بين الإيجاز الشفهي والتكرار الإيقاعي، وأن بنيته السردية تتسم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; font-weight: normal;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;بالراوي &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;الخارجي، والزمن المفتوح، والحدث المتنامي، والشخصيات النمطية، كما وظّفت تقنيات أسلوبية وصوتية تُعدّ جزءًا من هوية اللغة العربية الشفوية في سياقها الشعبي.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;وتبيّن الدراسة أن إعادة قراءة النصوص الشعبية وفق مناهج التحليل السردي الحديثة تمكّن من إدماج التراث الشعبي في دائرة البحث اللغوي الجامعي، وتفتح المجال لدراسات مقارنة لاحقة بين المرويات العربية المحلية لتحديد الخصوصية اللغوية والسردية لكل بيئة ثقافية. وفي النهاية تؤكد هذه الدراسة أن الحكايات الشعبية الموصليّة تمثّل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; font-weight: normal;"&gt;corpus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; font-weight: normal;"&gt; غنيًا لفهم التفاعل بين اللغة والبنية السردية والدلالة الثقافية في التراث العربي الشفهي. وإن إعادة قراءة هذه النصوص في ضوء المناهج التحليلية المعاصرة لا تثري الدراسات السردية فحسب، بل تعزّز أيضًا القيمة الأكاديمية للتراث الشعبي بوصفه موردًا لغويًا وثقافيًا حيًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin: 0cm 0cm .0001pt 7.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR;"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; font-weight: normal;"&gt;This study is situated within the field of Arabic language studies and narratology, and aims to analyze the narrative techniques employed in Mosuli folk tales, treating them as a linguistic&amp;ndash;narrative corpus through which the mechanisms of narrative structure and meaning production in oral heritage can be examined. Mosuli folk tales hold particular significance as orally transmitted Arabic texts that preserve the cultural and social memory of the city of Mosul, making them a suitable medium for assessing the capacity of linguistic&amp;ndash;narrative analysis to uncover structural and semantic patterns within non-written narrative forms. The central research problem is formulated through the following question: How do narrative techniques manifest within Mosuli folk narratives, and what are their linguistic characteristics and functions in shaping meaning? From this problem arise subordinate inquiries related to the nature of the narrator, the organization of narrative time, the construction of characters, and the role of language in generating rhythm, tension, and audience interaction. The study adopts a descriptive&amp;ndash;analytical methodology, applied to a selected sample of orally transmitted and transcribed folk tales, in order to deconstruct their linguistic elements and reveal the structural and aesthetic functions of narrative. The research draws on classical and contemporary narratological sources translated into Arabic&amp;mdash;such as the structuralist models of Propp and Genette&amp;mdash;in addition to primary references in folklore, in order to ensure an integrated theoretical&amp;ndash;practical framework. The findings indicate that Mosuli folk tales are characterized by the dominance of an external narrator, an open temporal frame, gradually developing events, and stereotypical characters, and that they rely on stylistic and sonic devices associated with oral Arabic expression, particularly brevity, rhythmic repetition, and formulaic openings and closings. This study demonstrates that rereading popular narratives through modern narratological approaches contributes to integrating oral cultural heritage into the domain of Arabic-language scholarship, and opens new prospects for comparative research on local Arabic folk traditions in order to identify their linguistic and narrative specificities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89217</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1371-1413]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/22</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Çok Partili Hayata Geçişte Laiklik Söyleminin Dönüşümü: Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Söylem Analizi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Transformation of Secularism Discourse in the Transition to a Multi-Party System: A Critical Discourse Analysis on Ahmet Hamdi Akseki]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abidin ÇEVİK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History, Ahmet Hamdi Akseki, secularism, critical discourse analysis, Cold War, religion-state relations]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History, Ahmet Hamdi Akseki, secularism, critical discourse analysis, Cold War, religion-state relations]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma Ahmet Hamdi Akseki'nin cumhuriyet sonrası farklı mecralarda kaleme aldığı -&amp;ouml;zellikle de 1945 sonrası d&amp;ouml;nemde- geliştirdiği laiklik s&amp;ouml;ylemini Teun A. van Dijk'ın eleştirel s&amp;ouml;ylem analizi &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde incelemeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Cumhuriyet T&amp;uuml;rkiye'sinin &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; Diyanet İşleri Başkanı olan Ahmet Hamdi Akseki'nin farklı zamanlarda kaleme aldığı yazıları araştırmanın birincil kaynaklarını oluşturmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma s&amp;ouml;ylem analizinin makro, mikro ve bilişsel d&amp;uuml;zeylerini kullanarak Akseki'nin genel olarak din-devlet ilişkileri, &amp;ouml;zel de ise laikliğe yaklaşımını ele alarak, burada oluşturduğu s&amp;ouml;yleminin hangi toplumsal-siyasal işlevleri yerine getirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular Akseki'nin laikliği din karşıtlığı olarak g&amp;ouml;rmediğini, devleti de dinin sahih bi&amp;ccedil;imde kurumsallaşmasını sağlayan d&amp;uuml;zenleyici bir &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;eve olarak konumlandırdığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, Akseki&amp;rsquo;nin s&amp;ouml;yleminde din toplumsal d&amp;uuml;zenin vazge&amp;ccedil;ilmez bileşeni, ahlaki &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;lmeye karşı koruyucu mekanizma ve Soğuk Savaş bağlamında kom&amp;uuml;nizme karşı ideolojik diren&amp;ccedil; unsuru olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Devlet de din karşısında edilgen bir konumda tarif edilmemiş, din hizmetlerini d&amp;uuml;zenlemekle sorumlu aktif bir otorite olarak net olarak tanımlanmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, Ahmet Hamdi Akseki'nin s&amp;ouml;yleminin &amp;ccedil;ok partili hayata ge&amp;ccedil;iş ve Soğuk Savaş koşullarında devletin din politikalarına entelekt&amp;uuml;el meşruiyet sağlayan hegemonik bir s&amp;ouml;ylem niteliği taşıdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak Ahmet Hamdi Akseki modern T&amp;uuml;rkiye'de laiklik tartışmasına yalnızca dini savunan değil, laikliği devlet otoritesi ve toplumsal d&amp;uuml;zenle uyumlu hale getiren uyumlaştırıcı bir entelekt&amp;uuml;el akt&amp;ouml;r olarak m&amp;uuml;dahale etmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;This study examines the discourse on secularism developed by Ahmet Hamdi Akseki on various platforms in the post-Republican period, particularly after 1945, within the framework of Teun A. van Dijk&amp;rsquo;s critical discourse analysis. The study's primary sources consist of Akseki's writings from different periods. He served as the third President of the Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet) in Republican Turkey. Employing the macro, micro and cognitive levels of discourse analysis, the study explores Akseki&amp;rsquo;s approach to state&amp;ndash;religion relations in general and to secularism in particular. It also seeks to reveal the social and political functions performed by the discourse he constructs in this context. The findings demonstrate that Akseki does not view secularism as anti-religious, but rather positions the state as a regulatory framework that ensures the proper institutionalisation of religion. Religion is defined in Akseki&amp;rsquo;s discourse as an indispensable component of social order and a protective mechanism against moral disintegration. Within the context of the Cold War, it is also an ideological bulwark against communism. The state is not portrayed as a passive actor with regard to religion, but as an active authority that is clearly responsible for organising religious services. The study reveals that Akseki&amp;rsquo;s discourse constitutes a hegemonic discursive formation that lends intellectual legitimacy to state religious policies during the transition to multi-party politics and under Cold War conditions. Ultimately, Akseki emerges not merely as an actor defending religion in debates on secularism in modern Turkey, but as a reconciliatory intellectual figure who intervenes by harmonising secularism with state authority and social order.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89193</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[647-683]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/23</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Gaspıralı İsmail Bey’in Tercüman Gazetesine (1895-96) Yansıyan Balkanlarda Türk İslam Medeniyeti ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Turkish Islamic Civilisation in the Balkans as Reflected in Ismail Bey Gaspıralı's Tercüman Newspaper (1895-1896)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ferudun AY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Türk Kültürü, Balkanlar, Türk Edebiyatı, Gazete, Tercüman, Gaspıralı İsmail Bey]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Turkish Culture, Balkans, Turkish Literature, Newspaper, Translator, Ismail Bey Gaspıralı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Gaspıralı İsmail Bey&amp;rsquo;in 32 yaşında &amp;ccedil;ıkarmaya başladığı Terc&amp;uuml;man gazetesi &amp;Ccedil;arlık Rusya denetimindeki Kırım&amp;rsquo;da Tatar T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;esi ile yayımlanan ilk gazetedir. 1883 yılında Rus&amp;ccedil;a ve Tatar T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;esi ile &amp;ccedil;ıkmaya başlayan gazetenin ilk n&amp;uuml;shası 22 Nisan 1883&amp;rsquo;te Bah&amp;ccedil;esaray&amp;rsquo;da basılmıştır. Gazete 1914&amp;rsquo;te Gaspıralı İsmail Bey&amp;rsquo;in vefatının ardından onun yakın arkadaşı Hasan Sabri Ayvazov tarafından 1918 yılına kadar &amp;ccedil;ıkarılmıştır. Terc&amp;uuml;man gazetesi toplamda 35 yıl yayın hayatını s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;rm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Gaspıralı İsmail Bey&amp;rsquo;in hayatta olduğu s&amp;uuml;rece Terc&amp;uuml;man gazetesi 31 yıl boyunca yayın hayatına baş muharrir Gaspıralı İsmail Bey ile devam etmiştir. Terc&amp;uuml;man gazetesi 35 yıl boyunca şu şekilde yayımlanmıştır. Maksadımız 35 yıl boyunca yayın hayatını s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;rm&amp;uuml;ş olan Terc&amp;uuml;man&amp;rsquo;ın b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n sayılarını &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n metinle birlikte yayımlamaktır. B&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n &amp;ouml;mr&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; T&amp;uuml;rkl&amp;uuml;k, T&amp;uuml;rkistan, Turan, T&amp;uuml;rkistan ve Balkan halkının eğitimi uğrunda harcayan Gaspıralı İsmail Bey 10 Nisan 1883 tarihinde Terc&amp;uuml;man gazetesini &amp;ccedil;ıkarmaya başlamıştır. Bu gazete T&amp;uuml;rk d&amp;uuml;nyasının ortak sesi, dili ve g&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; gibi işlev g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. T&amp;uuml;rk d&amp;uuml;nyasının hemen hemen her noktasına ulaştırılmıştır. Gaspıralı İsmail Bey&amp;rsquo;in asıl gayesi Ruslar&amp;rsquo;ın işgal ettiği T&amp;uuml;rkistan topraklarında yeni us&amp;ucirc;l (us&amp;ucirc;l-i cedid) okullar a&amp;ccedil;arak halkı eğitmek, bilgilendirmek ve bu yolla terakki ettirmektir. Terc&amp;uuml;man gazetesinin bu ilk yayımında &lt;a name="_Hlk218029063"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;1895 ve 1896 yıllarını kapsayan 34 sayı ve ilave-i Terc&amp;uuml;manlar mevcuttur. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmamızda 1895 ve 1896 yıllarını kapsayan yayımında Terc&amp;uuml;man da Balkanlara dair yapmış olduğu haberler incelenmiş ve ilgili akademik saha ve bilim d&amp;uuml;nyasının hizmetine katkı sunulacaktır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The Terc&amp;uuml;man newspaper, launched by Gaspıralı İsmail Bey at the age of 32, was the first newspaper published in Crimean Tatar in the Crimea under Tsarist Russian rule. The first issue of the newspaper, which began publication in Russian and Crimean Tatar in 1883, was printed in Bah&amp;ccedil;esaray on 22 April 1883. Following Gaspıralı İsmail Bey's death in 1914, the newspaper was published by his close friend Hasan Sabri Ayvazov until 1918. The Terc&amp;uuml;man newspaper was published for a total of 35 years. While Gaspıralı İsmail Bey was alive, the Terc&amp;uuml;man newspaper continued to be published for 31 years with Gaspıralı İsmail Bey as its chief editor. The Terc&amp;uuml;man newspaper was published as follows for 35 years. Our aim is to publish all issues of Terc&amp;uuml;man, which was published for 35 years, together with the original text. Gaspıralı İsmail Bey, who devoted his entire life to the education of the Turkish, Turkistan, Turan, Turkistan and Balkan peoples, began publishing the Terc&amp;uuml;man newspaper on 10 April 1883. This newspaper served as the common voice, language and heart of the Turkish world. It reached almost every corner of the Turkish world. Gaspıralı İsmail Bey's main goal was to educate and inform the people by opening new-style (us&amp;ucirc;l-i cedid) schools in the Turkistan territories occupied by the Russians, thereby promoting progress. The first edition of the Terc&amp;uuml;man newspaper contains 34 issues covering the years 1895 and 1896, as well as the supplement Terc&amp;uuml;manlar. In this study, the news reports on the Balkans published in Terc&amp;uuml;man in 1895 and 1896 have been examined and will be made available to the relevant academic field and scientific community.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89163</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[365-451]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/24</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Selefi-Sûfî Bir Düşünür Olarak Abdullah Herevî: Hayatı, Eserleri ve Döneminin Tarihsel Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Abdullah al-Harawī as a Salafi Sufi Thinker: His Life, Works, and Historical Evaluation of His Era]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kani AYVAZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Herevî, Tasavvuf, Hanbelîlik, Selefî Tasavvuf, Tevhid, Felsefî Tasavvuf]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Herewī, Sufism, Hanbalism, Salafī Mysticism, Tawḥīd, Philosophical Sufism]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; mso-outline-level: 3;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Bu makale, XI. y&amp;uuml;zyıl tasavvuf geleneğinin en &amp;ouml;nemli temsilcilerinden biri olan Abdullah Ens&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc; el-Herev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin (&amp;ouml;. 481/1089) tasavvuf d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesini tarihsel ve hermeneutik bir &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede incelemeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, Herev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin selef&amp;icirc;-hanbel&amp;icirc; itikad&amp;icirc; duruşu ile derin s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc; tecr&amp;uuml;besi arasında kurduğu dengeyi, kavramsal ve metodolojik boyutlarıyla ele almaktadır. Tasavvuf tarihinin erken d&amp;ouml;neminde h&amp;acirc;ller ve makamlar etrafında şekillenen dağınık ve tecr&amp;uuml;b&amp;icirc; birikimin, Herev&amp;icirc; ile birlikte sistematik, pedagojik ve normatif bir yapıya kavuştuğu temel tez olarak ileri s&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; mso-outline-level: 3;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Makale, &amp;ouml;ncelikle Herev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin yaşadığı Horasan ve Herat coğrafyasının siyas&amp;icirc;, ilm&amp;icirc; ve itikad&amp;icirc; yapısını analiz ederek onun d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce d&amp;uuml;nyasını şekillendiren tarihsel bağlamı ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda Herat, mezheb&amp;icirc; tartışmaların, kel&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; gerilimlerin ve siyas&amp;icirc; m&amp;uuml;cadelelerin yoğun olarak yaşandığı bir entelekt&amp;uuml;el havza olarak ele alınmaktadır. Ardından Men&amp;acirc;zil&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;s-s&amp;acirc;ʾir&amp;icirc;n başta olmak &amp;uuml;zere Herev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin temel eserleri &amp;uuml;zerinden onun tasavvuf anlayışı; seyr u s&amp;uuml;l&amp;ucirc;k, marifet, h&amp;acirc;l ve makam kavramları &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde değerlendirilmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; mso-outline-level: 3;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Herev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin tasavvufu Kur&amp;rsquo;an ve s&amp;uuml;nnet merkezli bir zeminde temellendirme &amp;ccedil;abası, kel&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; spek&amp;uuml;lasyonlara y&amp;ouml;nelik eleştirisi ve s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc; dili disipline eden yaklaşımı makalenin temel tartışma eksenini oluşturmaktadır. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle Herev&amp;icirc;, tasavvufu şeriatla &amp;ccedil;atışan bir alan olarak değil, şeriatı derinleştiren ve i&amp;ccedil;sel boyutunu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r kılan bir ilim olarak konumlandırmaktadır. Men&amp;acirc;zil&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;s-s&amp;acirc;ʾir&amp;icirc;n&amp;rsquo;de ortaya koyduğu sistematik yapı, tasavvuf pedagojisinin kurumsallaşmasına &amp;ouml;nemli katkılar sunmuştur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Abdullah Ens&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc; el-Herev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin yalnızca bir z&amp;acirc;hid veya s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc; şeyh değil; aynı zamanda tasavvuf d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinin kavramsal, metodolojik ve pedagojik inşasında kurucu bir rol &amp;uuml;stlenen bir &amp;acirc;lim olduğunu ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. B&amp;ouml;ylece T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de sınırlı kalan Herev&amp;icirc; literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ne teorik ve tarihsel bir katkı sunulması ama&amp;ccedil;lanmaktadır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;This article aims to examine the Sufi thought of ʿAbdullāh al-Anṣārī al-Harawī (d. 481/1089), one of the most prominent figures of the eleventh-century Sufi tradition, through a historical and hermeneutical perspective. The study focuses on the balance al-Harawī established between his Salafi-Hanbali theological orientation and his profound mystical experience, analyzing this synthesis on both conceptual and methodological levels. It argues that the experiential and relatively unsystematic accumulation of early Sufism, shaped around spiritual states (aḥwāl) and stations (maqāmāt), acquired a systematic, pedagogical, and normative structure with al-Harawī.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;The article first explores the political, intellectual, and theological landscape of Khorasan and Herat in order to reconstruct the historical context that shaped al-Harawī&amp;rsquo;s intellectual world. Herat is presented as a dynamic intellectual milieu marked by intense theological debates, sectarian tensions, and political struggles. Within this environment, al-Harawī developed a distinctive Sufi discourse that sought to protect mystical experience from speculative theology while preserving its spiritual depth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Subsequently, the study analyzes al-Harawī&amp;rsquo;s understanding of Sufism through his major works, particularly Manāzil al-Sāʾirīn, focusing on key concepts such as spiritual wayfaring (sulūk), experiential knowledge (maʿrifa), states, and stations. His effort to ground Sufism firmly in the Qurʾān and Sunnah, his critical stance toward kalām, and his attempt to discipline Sufi language and practice constitute the main analytical framework of the article. In this respect, al-Harawī conceptualized Sufism not as an alternative to Islamic law but as a means of deepening and internalizing it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;In conclusion, this study argues that ʿAbdullāh al-Anṣārī al-Harawī should be regarded not merely as an ascetic or Sufi master, but as a foundational scholar who played a decisive role in the conceptual, methodological, and pedagogical construction of Sufi thought. By reassessing his legacy within its historical context, the article aims to contribute to the relatively limited body of scholarship on al-Harawī in Turkey and beyond.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89162</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[453-491]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/25</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Post-Endüstriyalizmin Sömürüsünün Öznenin Arzusunu Dönüştürmesi: Eros Kaynaklı Arzunun Esareti Üzerine Felsefi Bir İnceleme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Transformation Of Subject’s Desire By The Exploitation Of Post-Industrial: A Philosophical Study On The Captivity Of Eros-Based Desire]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muammer Aktay]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Eros Kaynaklı Arzu, Öteki, Post-Endüstriyalizm, Mahremiyet, Libidinal Ekonomi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Eros-Based Desire, The Other, Post-Industrialism, Privacy, Libidinal Economy]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;z: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Homo sapiens&amp;rsquo;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt; d&amp;uuml;nyayı i&amp;ccedil;selleştirmesini, kişisel anlamlarını, mahremiyetini, &amp;ouml;zerkliğini ve gizemini var kılan eros kaynaklı arzusudur. &amp;Ouml;zne bu arzuyla, yeni bir d&amp;uuml;nya, yeni bir anlam yaratarak, hayatını oyundan hareketle var eder. Bu bağlamda, eros temelli arzuya sahip olan &amp;ouml;zne, &amp;ouml;tekinin farklılığı ve negatifliği &amp;uuml;zerinden hayatı aynılık cehenneminden kurtarır. Ancak &amp;ouml;zellikle Sanayi Devrimi d&amp;ouml;neminden sonra, yavaş&amp;ccedil;a etkin olmaya başlayan sermaye, iletişim ve enformasyon d&amp;ouml;ng&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n dolaşımı ile birlikte, yeni bir t&amp;uuml;ketim sistemi yeni bir arzu d&amp;ouml;ng&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; de beraberinde getirmektedir. &amp;Ouml;zneler k&amp;uuml;resel ağın ortasında ge&amp;ccedil;iş noktaları olmaya başladık&amp;ccedil;a, iletişim aşırı hale geldik&amp;ccedil;e, belirli ahlaki koruyucu mesafeler yerinden edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda &amp;ouml;znenin eros temelli arzusuyla ilişkili olan &amp;ouml;teki, gizem, mahremiyet gibi anlamların yoksunlaştırılması, onun anlamlı hayat yaşamasını engellemektedir. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; &amp;ouml;zneler post-end&amp;uuml;striyalizmin libidinal ekonomi bi&amp;ccedil;imleri i&amp;ccedil;inde aynılaştık&amp;ccedil;a, &amp;ouml;tekinin negatifliği yok edilmek de eros&amp;ccedil;a arzu saf y&amp;uuml;zeysel haz form&amp;uuml;llerine indirgenmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı, eros temelli arzunun yaşamı anlamlandıran, derinleştiren y&amp;ouml;nlerini ortadan kaldıran post-end&amp;uuml;striyalizmin ara&amp;ccedil;larının yarattığı t&amp;uuml;ketim, ifşa ve teşhir k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n analizini yapmaktır. Bununla birlikte neoliberalizmin ara&amp;ccedil;larının sebep olduğu dijital panoptikonun yıkıcı etkilerinin eros kaynaklı arzuyu tek tipleştirmesi &amp;uuml;zerine odaklanılacaktır. Daha sonra eros&amp;ccedil;a arzu anlamını kaybederken, &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m ve yaşam d&amp;uuml;rt&amp;uuml;lerinin hayatta kalma anlayışına teslim olması ve &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n libidinal ekonomi haz anlayışı i&amp;ccedil;inde yok olması problemleri ele alınacaktır. Nihayetinde, eros temelli arzunun neoliberalizm tarafından &amp;ldquo;ıslah edilmesi&amp;rdquo;, onun ilgi &amp;ccedil;ekici sergi değeri ve de ışıksız ışınım haline gelmesi tartışması &amp;ouml;n plana &amp;ccedil;ıkarılacaktır. Buradan hareketle &amp;ccedil;alışmamızın temel amacı kişinin eros kaynaklı arzusunun post-end&amp;uuml;striyalizm ara&amp;ccedil;larıyla birlikte yaşadığı d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mleri analiz etmektir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, kavramsal ve eleştirel analiz y&amp;ouml;ntemlerini kullanarak, post-end&amp;uuml;striyel &amp;ccedil;ağda arzunun d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; incelemeyi hedeflemektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Abstract: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;It is the eros-based desire that enables &lt;em&gt;homo sapiens&lt;/em&gt; to internalise the world, composes their personal meaning, privacy, autonomy and mystery. With this desire, the subject creates a new world, a new meaning, and shapes his/her life based on a game. In this context, the subject with eros-based desire saves life from the hell of uniformity through the difference and negativity of the other. However, with the spread of the capital, communication and information cycle, which has been slowly becoming effective, especially after the Industrial Revolution period, a new consumption system brings with it a new cycle of desire. As subjects become transition points in the middle of the global network, as communication becomes hyper, certain moral protective distances are displaced. In this context, the deprivation of meanings such as the other, mystery, and privacy, which are related to the subject's eros-based desire, prevents her/his from living a meaningful life. Because as the subjects become identical within the libidinal economy forms of post-industrialism, the negativity of the other is eliminated and eros-based desire is reduced to pure superficial pleasure formulas. The aim of this study is to analyse the culture of consumption, disclosure and exposure created by the tools of post-industrialism, which eliminates the meaningful and deepening aspects of eros-based desire. And, the focus will be on the uniformisation of eros-based desire by the destructive effects of the digital panopticon caused by the tools of neoliberalism. Then, the problems of the surrender of the life and death impulses to the conception of survival and the disappearance of freedom in the libidinal economy of pleasure will be addressed while eros-based desire loses its meaning. Finally, the &amp;lsquo;reform&amp;rsquo; of eros-based desire by neoliberalism, its intriguing exhibition value and its transformation into a lightless radiation will be emphasised. Based on this, the main objective of our study is to analyze the transformations experienced by eros-based desire through post-industrial tools. This study aims to examine the transformation of desire in the post-industrial era using conceptual and critical analysis methods.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89161</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[143-185]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/26</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Muhtelit Râvi Literatürü ve Rivayetlerinin Nitel Analizi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Qualitative Analysis of Hadith Critics' Literature on Narrators Affected by Ikhtilāṭ and Their Transmissions]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Murat MİRZAOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Muhtelit, İhtilât, Sûü’l-hıfz, Râvi, Rivayet.  ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Mukhtalit (Confused Transmitter), Ikhtilāt, Sūʾ al-Ḥifẓ (Defective Memory), Rāwī, Riwāyah.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, hadis rivayetinde r&amp;acirc;vi g&amp;uuml;venilirliğini belirleyen temel unsurlardan biri olan zabt sıfatı bağlamında ihtil&amp;acirc;t olgusunu ele almayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Hadis ilminin erken d&amp;ouml;nemlerinden itibaren muhaddisler, rivayetlerin sıhhatini korumak amacıyla r&amp;acirc;vilerin rivayet performanslarında zamanla meydana gelen değişimleri dikkatle incelemiş &amp;ouml;zellikle sonradan ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan hafıza zaafları, zihinsel karışıklıklar ve rivayet istikrarını bozan durumları &amp;ldquo;ihtil&amp;acirc;t&amp;rdquo; kavramı &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde değerlendirmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada ihtil&amp;acirc;t, r&amp;acirc;vinin adaletini değil, doğrudan zabt vasfını etkileyen bir olgu olarak ele alınmakta ve mutlak bir cerh sebebi olmaktan ziyade bağlama ve zamana bağlı bir rivayet problemi olarak konumlandırılmaktadır. Makale, ihtil&amp;acirc;tın kavramsal &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesini &amp;ccedil;izdikten sonra, onu s&amp;ucirc;&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-hıfz, fuhş&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-galat ve tagayyur gibi zabtla ilişkili diğer terimlerden ayırarak aralarındaki benzerlik ve farkları ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda ihtil&amp;acirc;tın s&amp;uuml;reklilik arz eden bir hafıza zaafından ziyade, genellikle r&amp;acirc;vinin yaşamının belirli bir evresinde ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan ge&amp;ccedil;ici yahut sonradan gelişen bir durum olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada ayrıca muhaddislerin, ihtil&amp;acirc;ta maruz kalan r&amp;acirc;vilerin rivayetlerini değerlendirirken ihtil&amp;acirc;t &amp;ouml;ncesi ve ihtil&amp;acirc;t sonrası ayrımına b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;nem verdikleri, ihtil&amp;acirc;t &amp;ouml;ncesi rivayetleri genellikle makbul kabul ettikleri ihtil&amp;acirc;t sonrası rivayetleri ise sıkı bir tenkide t&amp;acirc;bi tuttukları ortaya konulmaktadır. Makalenin &amp;ouml;nemli katkılarından biri, ihtil&amp;acirc;tın ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkış sebeplerini sistematik bi&amp;ccedil;imde tasnif etmesidir. Bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede yaşlılık, hastalık ve musibetler gibi bireysel sebeplerin yanı sıra, yangın ve doğal afetler sonucu kitapların kaybı, ağır g&amp;ouml;rev y&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml; ve b&amp;uuml;rokratik sorumluluklar, uzun s&amp;uuml;reli ilm&amp;icirc; meclislerden uzak kalma ve farklı b&amp;ouml;lgelere intikal sebebiyle ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan rivayet farkları gibi haric&amp;icirc; fakt&amp;ouml;rler ele alınmaktadır. Bu sebeplerin her birinin r&amp;acirc;vi zabtı &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisi, klasik cerh ve ta&amp;lsquo;d&amp;icirc;l literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nden &amp;ouml;rneklerle temellendirilmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, ihtil&amp;acirc;t olgusunun hadis tenkidinde sadece bireysel bir zaaf olarak değil, rivayet ortamı, zaman, mek&amp;acirc;n ve sosyal şartlar dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesi gereken &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu bir mesele olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak makale, muhaddislerin rivayet g&amp;uuml;venilirliğini koruma hususundaki metodolojik titizliğini g&amp;ouml;stermekte ve ihtil&amp;acirc;t kavramının hadis ilmi i&amp;ccedil;erisindeki merkezi konumunu analitik bir bakışla yeniden değerlendirmektedir. Nitel y&amp;ouml;ntemin benimsendiği bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada klasik ve modern d&amp;ouml;nemlerde ihtil&amp;acirc;t terimini ele alan hadis usul&amp;uuml; kaynakları incelenmiş olup literal dok&amp;uuml;man analizi metoduyla incelenmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;eşitli etkenler neticesinde ihtil&amp;acirc;t illetine maruz kalan r&amp;acirc;vilerin ihtil&amp;acirc;ttan sonra naklettikleri rivayetlerinin serencamı hakkında fikir sahibi olmak &amp;uuml;zere bazı nakiller &amp;ouml;rneklem olarak kullanılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This study aims to address the phenomenon of "ihtilat" (mixing/confusion) within the context of the attribute of accuracy (zabt), one of the fundamental elements determining the reliability of narrators in hadith transmission. From the early days of hadith scholarship, scholars carefully examined the changes that occurred over time in the narrators' performance to preserve the authenticity of narrations. They particularly evaluated later-onset memory lapses, mental confusions, and situations that disrupt the stability of narrations within the framework of the concept of "ihtilat." In this study, ihtilat is treated not as a matter of the narrator's righteousness, but as a phenomenon directly affecting the attribute of accuracy, and is positioned as a problem of narration dependent on context and time, rather than an absolute cause of criticism. After outlining the conceptual framework of ihtilat, the article distinguishes it from other terms related to accuracy, such as bad memory (s&amp;ucirc;'ul-hıfz), incorrectness (fohsh al-galat), and change (taghayyur), highlighting their similarities and differences. In this context, it is emphasized that confusion is not a persistent memory impairment, but rather a temporary or acquired condition that usually arises at a particular stage in the narrator's life. The study also reveals that hadith scholars, when evaluating the narrations of narrators who experienced confusion, placed great importance on distinguishing between pre-confusion and post-confusion narrations, generally accepting pre-confusion narrations as acceptable while subjecting post-confusion narrations to rigorous criticism. One of the article's essential contributions is its systematic classification of the causes of confusion. In this framework, in addition to individual reasons such as old age, illness, and calamities, external factors such as the loss of books due to fires and natural disasters, heavy workloads and bureaucratic responsibilities, long periods of absence from scholarly gatherings, and differences in narrations arising from relocation to different regions are considered. The impact of each of these reasons on the reliability of the narrator is substantiated with examples from the classical literature of criticism and authentication. The study reveals that the phenomenon of ihtilat (mixing/conformity) is not merely an individual weakness in hadith criticism, but a multi-dimensional issue that must be evaluated considering the context of narration, time, place, and social conditions. In conclusion, the article demonstrates the methodological rigor of hadith scholars in preserving the reliability of narrations and re-evaluates the central position of the concept of ihtilat within hadith scholarship from an analytical perspective. Adopting a qualitative method, this study examines hadith methodology sources dealing with the term ihtilat in both classical and modern periods, analyzing them using literal document analysis. Some narrations are used as examples to gain insight into the fate of subsequent narrations from narrators who suffered from ihtilat due to various factors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89138</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1223-1270]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/27</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed Hâdî Marifet ve Muhammed Hüseyin ez-Zehebî’nin İsrâiliyata Yaklaşımlarındaki Mezhebî Yönelimleri ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Sectarian Orientations in the Approaches of Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat and Muhammad Husayn al-Dhahabi to Isra’iliyyat]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammet ÇOL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, İsrâiliyat, Marifet, Zehebî, Mezhebî Tutum]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir (Exegesis), Isra’iliyyat, Ma'rifat, al-Dhahabi, Sectarian Stance.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;deki m&amp;uuml;phem hususların a&amp;ccedil;ıklanmasında erken d&amp;ouml;nemden itibaren kontroll&amp;uuml; bir şekilde kullanılan Ehl-i kitap kaynaklı isr&amp;acirc;iliyat haberlerini ve modern d&amp;ouml;nemde bu rivayetlere karşı gelişen eleştirel/&amp;ouml;tekileştirici yaklaşımları konu edinmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, isr&amp;acirc;iliyat t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; bilgilerin kullanımına dair menf&amp;icirc; bakış a&amp;ccedil;ılarıyla tanınan Şi&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;lim Muhammed H&amp;acirc;d&amp;icirc; Marifet (&amp;ouml;. 2007) ile S&amp;uuml;nn&amp;icirc; d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce yapısına sahip Muhammed H&amp;uuml;seyin ez-Zeheb&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin (&amp;ouml;. 1977) ile konuya dair yaklaşımlarını incelemek ve karşılaştırmaktır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın temel problemi, &amp;uuml;slup ve i&amp;ccedil;erik a&amp;ccedil;ısından birbirinin takip&amp;ccedil;isi gibi g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;nen bu iki tefsir tarihi m&amp;uuml;ellifinin, Ehl-i kitap k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; yansıtan isr&amp;acirc;iliyat olgusunu ele alış bi&amp;ccedil;imlerindeki metodolojik ayrışmaların ve zihniyet d&amp;uuml;nyalarındaki farklılıkların neler olduğudur. Araştırmada nitel i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi ve mukayese y&amp;ouml;ntemi kullanılarak, Marifet&amp;rsquo;in imamet merkezli normatif &amp;ouml;n kabulleri ile Zeheb&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin dengeli ve sınıflayıcı yaklaşımı karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara g&amp;ouml;re Marifet, mutlak ret&amp;ccedil;i bir tavırla isr&amp;acirc;iliyatın tefsirde meşruiyetinin bulunmadığını savunurken Zeheb&amp;icirc;, isr&amp;acirc;iliyatın sah&amp;acirc;be d&amp;ouml;neminde kontroll&amp;uuml; kullanıldığını ancak sonradan yaygınlaştığını belirterek tefsir metinlerinde bulunan rivayetleri &amp;ldquo;kabul, ret ve tevakkuf&amp;rdquo; ekseninde &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir tasnife tabi tutmaktadır. Marifet&amp;rsquo;in S&amp;uuml;nn&amp;icirc; tefsirlerdeki rivayetleri ve ravileri sert&amp;ccedil;e eleştirirken Ehl-i Beyt&amp;rsquo;e nispet edilen benzer anlatıları uydurma kabul ederek reddetmesi ve se&amp;ccedil;ici sah&amp;acirc;be eleştirileri, mezheb&amp;icirc; bakışının metodolojisine yansıdığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak her iki yaklaşımın da mezheb&amp;icirc; eğilimlerden etkilendiği, ancak &amp;ouml;zellikle Marifet&amp;rsquo;in tutumunda imamet merkezli teolojik &amp;ouml;n kabullerin belirleyici olduğu tespit edilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;This study examines the Isra&amp;rsquo;iliyyat narratives originating from the Ahl al-Kitab, which were historically utilized in a controlled manner to elucidate the mubhamat of the Qur&amp;rsquo;an, alongside the critical and exclusionary approaches developed against these traditions in the modern era. The primary objective is to analyze and compare the approaches of the Shi&amp;lsquo;i scholar Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat (d. 2007), known for his negative stance, and Muhammad Husayn al-Dhahabi (d. 1977), who represents the Sunni framework.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The central problem addresses the methodological divergences and distinct mental frameworks regarding the phenomenon of Isra&amp;rsquo;iliyyat between these two historians of Tafsir, who otherwise appear stylistically similar. Employing qualitative content analysis and the comparative method, the research contrasts Ma'rifat&amp;rsquo;s normative presuppositions centered on the Imamate with al-Dhahabi&amp;rsquo;s balanced approach. Findings indicate that Ma'rifat adopts an absolute rejectionist attitude, arguing that Isra&amp;rsquo;iliyyat holds no legitimacy in exegesis. Conversely, al-Dhahabi acknowledges their controlled use by the Sahaba, but due to later proliferation, he subjects such riwayah to a threefold classification: acceptance, rejection, and tawaqquf (suspension of judgment). Ma'rifat&amp;rsquo;s harsh criticism of Sunni narrators, while regarding similar Ahl al-Bayt narrations as mawdu (fabricated), highlights the reflection of his sectarian gaze on his methodology. Consequently, while both approaches show sectarian influence, Imamate-centered theological presuppositions are strictly determinative in Ma'rifat&amp;rsquo;s stance. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89129</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[685-728]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/28</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[كتاب الجُمْلاني فيما خالف العمريُّ الحلوانيَّ عن أبي جعفر المدني دراسة وصفية تحليلية مقارنة]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Treatise of Al-Jamlānī Regarding the Divergences of Al-ʿUmarī from Al-Ḥalwānī: A Critical study and Analytical Study of the Transmission Paths of Abū Jaʿfar al-Madanī]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Haydar SEVİM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kırâatler, ihtilaf, Ebû Ca‘fer, el-‘Umrî, el-Helvânî, Cümelânî’nin]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Qurʾānic Readings (Qirāʾāt), Variance (Ikhtilāf), Abū Jaʿfar, al-ʿUmrī, al-Ḥalwānī, al-Jumalānī.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"&gt;&lt;span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"&gt;يُقدّم كتاب جوملاني ، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"&gt;&lt;span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"&gt;&lt;span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"&gt;"كتاب في قراءاته"،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"&gt;&lt;span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"&gt; بتفصيل دقيق أسلوب أبي جعفر، إمام التلاوة في المدينة المنورة، مُبيّنًا على وجه الخصوص الفروقات بين روايات العمري والحلواني. وقد اعتمد المؤلف في منهجه على الوصف والتحليل والمقارنة؛ فجمع الروايات الشائعة في مدرسة التلاوة في المدينة، وعرضها بإيجاز ودقة متناهية. يبدأ جوملاني كتابه بتناول المبادئ الأساسية لعلم التلاوة: مخارج الحروف وخصائصها، والنقل والاستبدال، وقواعد الهمزة والإدغام والمدّ، وأشكال الأفعال. ثم يتناول ترتيب السور، مُنتقلًا إلى موضوعات الاستبدال، ومُركّزًا على نقاط الخلاف التي تُبرز الاختلافات بين الطريقين. يُظهر التحليل أن رواية العمري تميل في كثير من المواضع إلى تفضيل النسخ الأقرب إلى غالبية القراء أو تلك التي تعتبر أضعف من حيث الصوت؛ في المقابل، تحافظ رواية الحلواني إلى حد كبير على النسخ المعروفة من أسلوب المدينة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"&gt;&lt;span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"&gt;تتجلى الاختلافات بين الروايتين بوضوح في اختيار علامات التشكيل، وتطبيقات الإدغام والفقع، وقضايا الهمزة والإبدال، وأنماط الأفعال، وموضوعي الوهف والابتداء. ومع ذلك، فبينما تتطلب شروح جومالاني في بعض المواضع - لا سيما فيما يتعلق بالقراءات غير المألوفة أو الصيغ النادرة الاستخدام - مزيدًا من التفصيل، فإن معالجته للقراءات المعروفة تُعتبر دقيقة وشاملة للغاية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&lt;span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"&gt;&lt;span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"&gt;تُعدّ هذه الدراسة ذات قيمة بالغة في ترسيخ مناهج رواية أبي جعفر علميًا. فمن خلال جمع مواد من روايتين، تبحث الدراسة في مختلف نسخهما، وتوثّق الفروقات بينهما، وتوفّر للباحثين إطارًا منهجيًا واضحًا حول تنوّع الروايات في مدرسة المدينة المنورة. وفي هذا السياق، يُشكّل هذا العمل حلقةً مهمةً في دراسة تاريخ الرواية ومستويات رواة القصص.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"&gt;This study examines the book What al-Jumlānī differed with al-ʿUmarī al-Ḥulwānī regarding Abū Jaʿfar al-Madanī as a specialized contribution to the science of Qurʾanic Qirāʾāt. The work reflects a formative stage in the development of disagreement within the Madinan school and sheds light on the mechanisms of regulation and evaluation (tarjīḥ) in the transmission from Imām Abū Jaʿfar. The study aims to introduce the book and its author, situate it within the body of partial Qirāʾāt literature, and analyze al-Jumlānī&amp;rsquo;s method in documenting disputed readings through comparison with the approach of al-ʿUmarī al-Ḥulwānī. It also seeks to clarify the central scholarly issue addressed by the work, namely the identification of disputed modes of performance attributed to Abū Jaʿfar and the distinction between reliable and unreliable transmissions. Adopting a descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodology, the research begins with a brief biographical account of the author, followed by an overview of the book&amp;rsquo;s structure and content. Selected examples of disputed readings are then analyzed to illustrate al-Jumlānī&amp;rsquo;s documentation techniques, presentation style, and adherence to established principles of Qirāʾāt, in comparison with the narrational and justificatory practices of al-ʿUmarī al-Ḥulwānī. The findings indicate that the book goes beyond merely listing differences, demonstrating a clear critical awareness grounded primarily in accurate depiction of the points of disagreement, with limited instances of imprecision, and comparison without explicit preference. Most disagreements pertain to performance and transmission and do not affect the foundational principles of Abū Jaʿfar&amp;rsquo;s reading. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of this work for understanding the history of disagreement within the canonical readings and highlights the need for further scholarly attention to similar partial works for their methodological and scientific value in Qirāʾāt studies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89127</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1555-1596]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/29</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[فاعلية استخدام نماذج الذكاء الاصطناعي والتعلم النشط في قياس مهارة قراءة الحديث الشريف: ابتكار وتطوير]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Effectiveness of Using Artificial Intelligence Models and Active Learning to Assess Hadith Reading Skills: Innovation and Development]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mohamed Abdelhalim Uthman AHMED]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Musab HAMOD]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arapça öğretimi, yapay zekâ, aktif öğrenme, hadis okuma, teknoloji]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[artificial intelligence, active learning, Hadith reading, technology.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Hadis-i Şer&amp;icirc;f okuma yeterliliğinin değerlendirilmesi, Arap&amp;ccedil;a konuşmayan &amp;ouml;ğrenciler a&amp;ccedil;ısından telaffuz doğruluğu, harflerin mahre&amp;ccedil;leri, ritim, tonlama, temel tecvit bilgisi ve anlamanın birlikte &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;lmesini gerektiren karmaşık ve &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu bir s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;tir. Geleneksel değerlendirme yaklaşımları &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla &amp;ouml;ğreticinin g&amp;ouml;zlemine ve deneyimine dayansa da bu y&amp;ouml;ntemler, &amp;ouml;znel yargılara a&amp;ccedil;ık olma, zaman kısıtı ve ayrıntılı geri bildirim sunmadaki yetersizlik gibi &amp;ccedil;eşitli sınırlılıklar barındırmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, yapay zek&amp;acirc; uygulamalarının aktif &amp;ouml;ğrenme yaklaşımlarıyla b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nleştirilmesinin Hadis okuma becerisinin değerlendirilmesindeki eğitimsel etkililiğini incelemektir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, analitik&amp;ndash;deneysel bir y&amp;ouml;ntem &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;ş ve Google AI Studio kullanılarak &amp;ldquo;Akıllı &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;me-Değerlendirme Sistemi&amp;rdquo; adı verilen yapay zek&amp;acirc; temelli bir değerlendirme modeli geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen model, Sinop &amp;Uuml;niversitesi İlahiyat Fak&amp;uuml;ltesinde &amp;ouml;ğrenim g&amp;ouml;ren on iki T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e konuşan &amp;ouml;ğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Sistem, &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin okudukları hadis metinlerinin ses kayıtlarını analiz ederek telaffuz, ritim ve tonlama hatalarını belirlemekte; dilsel ve fonetik performansı değerlendirmekte; &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin d&amp;uuml;zeylerini Avrupa Dilleri Ortak Başvuru &amp;Ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesi (CEFR) &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;tlerine g&amp;ouml;re sınıflandırmakta ve ayrıntılı geri bildirimlerle birlikte sayısal puanlar &amp;uuml;retmektedir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Ayrıca model, yazma ve iml&amp;acirc; becerilerini de destekleyici bi&amp;ccedil;imde değerlendirmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, &amp;ouml;ğretici tarafından yapılan değerlendirmeler ile yapay zek&amp;acirc; tarafından &amp;uuml;retilen sonu&amp;ccedil;lar arasında y&amp;uuml;ksek d&amp;uuml;zeyde bir uyum olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bununla birlikte yapay zek&amp;acirc;, hataların daha ayrıntılı bi&amp;ccedil;imde analiz edilmesi, anlık geri bildirim sunulması ve &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin motivasyonunun artırılması a&amp;ccedil;ısından dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekici bir &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;k g&amp;ouml;stermiştir. Araştırma, yapay zek&amp;acirc; destekli değerlendirme sistemlerinin &amp;ouml;ğreticinin rehberliği ve pedagojik denetimi altında kullanıldığında aktif &amp;ouml;ğrenme s&amp;uuml;recini g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendiren etkili ve tamamlayıcı ara&amp;ccedil;lar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"&gt;Assessing Hadith reading skills among non-native speakers of Arabic represents a complex pedagogical challenge, as it requires accurate evaluation of pronunciation, articulation points, rhythm, tajwīd rules, and comprehension simultaneously. Traditional assessment methods often rely heavily on subjective teacher judgment and are limited in providing immediate, detailed, and individualized feedback. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of integrating artificial intelligence technologies with active learning strategies in evaluating Hadith reading skills among university-level learners of Arabic. Employing an analytical&amp;ndash;experimental research design, an AI-based assessment model was developed using Google AI Studio and implemented with a sample of twelve Turkish-speaking students enrolled in the Faculty of Theology at Sinop University. The system analyzes students&amp;rsquo; oral and written Hadith reading performances, detects phonetic and linguistic errors, determines proficiency levels in accordance with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), and generates numerical scores accompanied by detailed formative feedback. The findings demonstrate a high degree of consistency between the evaluations produced by the artificial intelligence system and those provided by the course instructor, while the AI model exhibited a superior capacity for precise error diagnosis and immediate feedback delivery. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence contributed to enhancing active learning by promoting learner engagement, self-assessment, and autonomy. The study concludes that artificial intelligence&amp;ndash;supported assessment models can serve as an effective complementary tool in teaching and assessing Hadith reading skills, provided that they are implemented under pedagogical supervision and aligned with instructional objectives. These results highlight the potential of artificial intelligence to improve assessment practices in Arabic language education, particularly in religious and specialized language contexts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89106</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1-48]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/30</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslami Para Politikasının Parasal İstikrarın Sağlanması ve Ekonomik Krizlerle Mücadeledeki Rolü]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Role of Islamic Monetary Policy in Currency Stability and Crisis Management]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ayman Jassım Mohammed ALDOORI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Selim MAHMUTOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslâm Ekonomisi, Para Politikası, Para, Temeller, İstikrar. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Monetary policy, Islamic economy, currency, principles, stability]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black; background: white;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, İslam ekonomisinde para politikasının temel ilkelerini ve para istikrarını sağlamadaki rol&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; inceleyerek, &amp;ouml;zellikle para ve likidite istikrarının bozulduğu durumlarda karşılaşılan ekonomik krizlere &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;m sunmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, İslam ekonomisinde para politikasının mahiyetinin a&amp;ccedil;ıklanması ve etkinliğinin ispat edilmesi gereklidir. Ama&amp;ccedil;, adaleti sağlamak ve her t&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml; haksızlık, s&amp;ouml;m&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; ve istismarı ortadan kaldırmaktır.&amp;Ccedil;alışmada ele alınan başlıca ilkeler şunlardır: İslam hukuku &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde ekonomik ve sosyal adaletin sağlanması, gelir ve servetin adil dağıtımı, enflasyon ve deflasyonu kontrol etmek i&amp;ccedil;in likiditenin d&amp;uuml;zenlenmesi, fiyat istikrarının sağlanması ve ulusal paranın değerinin korunması, ekonomik b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;me ve refah i&amp;ccedil;in gerekli kaynakların temini, faizin (&amp;ouml;nceden belirlenmiş sabit faiz oranlarının alınıp verilmesi) kesin olarak yasaklanması, belirsizlik ve spek&amp;uuml;latif işlemleri i&amp;ccedil;eren aldatıcı işlemlerin haram kılınması, risk paylaşımı ilkesinin vurgulanması ve israf ile aşırılıktan ka&amp;ccedil;ınılmasının teşvik edilmesi.Araştırma ayrıca, bu ilkeleri destekleyen unsurları da ele almaktadır. Bunlar arasında devletin para ihra&amp;ccedil; yetkisinin korunması, zek&amp;acirc;tın etkinleştirilmesi, piyasa ve finans kurumlarının denetimi i&amp;ccedil;in uzman kuruluşların oluşturulması ve İslam &amp;uuml;lkeleri arasında finansal iş birliğinin g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirilmesi yer almaktadır.&amp;Ccedil;alışmanın ulaştığı temel sonu&amp;ccedil;lardan bazıları şunlardır: Ekonomik adalet, İslam para politikasının en &amp;ouml;nemli hedeflerinden biridir. İslam hukuku, enflasyonu &amp;ccedil;eşitli y&amp;ouml;ntemlerle ele almış ve &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;m &amp;uuml;retmiştir. Para ihra&amp;ccedil; sistemi, paranın reel değerini koruyarak istikrarlı ve s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lebilir b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;meyi hedeflemektedir. İslam, sermayenin atıl bırakılmasını yasaklamakta ve yatırımın teşvik edilmesini &amp;ouml;ng&amp;ouml;rmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;This study elucidates the fundamental principles of monetary policy within the Islamic economic framework, outlining its role in achieving currency stability and addressing economic crises. Key principles include: The achievement of economic and social justice through the fair distribution of income and wealth among members of society, based on provisions derived from Shariah law; managing liquidity to control inflation and deflation in accordance with Islamic principles; maintaining general price stability and protecting the value of the national currency; and securing the financial and economic resources necessary for growth, welfare, and social and economic development. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the prohibition of &lt;em&gt;riba&lt;/em&gt; (usury), which involves the payment or receipt of a predetermined, fixed interest rate, as well as the prohibition of speculative transactions marked by excessive uncertainty and ambiguity. It underscores the principle of risk-sharing, a cornerstone of Islamic economic principles, and advocates for rational consumption, discouraging both wastefulness and miserliness.The study also explores the supportive mechanisms essential to achieving these principles, including preventing unauthorized external intervention in currency issuance deemed a sovereign right of the state activating the obligatory &lt;em&gt;zakat&lt;/em&gt; (almsgiving) system, establishing specialized regulatory bodies for market and institutional oversight, and enhancing Islamic cooperation in financial and tangible resource sectors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=89027</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[223-262]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/31</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Genç Yetişkin Bireylerde Ölüm Kaygısı ile İnançsızlık Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Relationship Between Death Anxiety and Unbelief Tendency Among Young Adults]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Oğuzhan AVAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ölüm, Ölüm Kaygısı, İnançsızlık, Dindarlık, Din Psikolojisi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Death, Death Anxiety, Unbelief, Religiosity, Psychology of Religion]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&amp;Ouml;l&amp;uuml;m, t&amp;uuml;m canlılar i&amp;ccedil;in ka&amp;ccedil;ınılmaz bir ontolojik olgudur. &amp;Ouml;l&amp;uuml;m ve &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m kaygısına ilişkin olarak hem psikologlar hem de filozoflar &amp;ccedil;eşitli kuramsal a&amp;ccedil;ıklamalar ve değerlendirmeler ortaya koymuşlardır. &amp;Ouml;l&amp;uuml;m kaygısı, din psikolojisi literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nde bireysel dindarlığın kaynaklarından biri olarak g&amp;ouml;sterilmektedir. Dini inan&amp;ccedil;ların &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m kaygısıyla yakından ilişkili olduğu sık&amp;ccedil;a vurgulanan bir g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Bu yaklaşımın temelinde, dinin &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mle bağlantılı kaygıyı yatıştırıcı bir etki sunduğu varsayımı bulunmaktadır. Dindarlık ile &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m kaygısı arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen araştırmalar, birbirleriyle tutarlı sonu&amp;ccedil;lar ortaya koymamıştır. Bazı araştırma sonu&amp;ccedil;larına g&amp;ouml;re dindarlık arttık&amp;ccedil;a &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m kaygısının azaldığı, bazı araştırmalarda ise tam tersine arttığı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. &amp;Ouml;l&amp;uuml;m kaygısı ile dindarlık &amp;ccedil;alışılmış konu olmasına rağmen, inan&amp;ccedil;sızlık yeterince &amp;ccedil;alışılmamıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada bu iki kavram ele alınarak, aralarındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Buradan yola &amp;ccedil;ıkarak bu araştırmada gen&amp;ccedil; yetişkin bireylerde &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m kaygısı ile inan&amp;ccedil;sızlık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi ama&amp;ccedil;lanmıştır. Araştırmanın &amp;ouml;rneklemi gen&amp;ccedil; yetişkin 387 birey oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak &amp;ldquo;&amp;Ouml;l&amp;uuml;m Kaygısı &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Dindar ve Spirit&amp;uuml;el Olmama&amp;rdquo; &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği ve kişisel bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara g&amp;ouml;re &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m kaygısı ile inan&amp;ccedil;sızlık arasında zayıf d&amp;uuml;zeyde negatif y&amp;ouml;nde (r =- 0,207) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Regresyon analizi sonucuna g&amp;ouml;re inan&amp;ccedil;sızlık d&amp;uuml;zeyi, &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m kaygısı d&amp;uuml;zeyindeki değişimin %4,3&amp;rsquo;&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; a&amp;ccedil;ıklamaktadır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, istatistiki olarak gen&amp;ccedil; yetişkin bireylerde inan&amp;ccedil;sızlık d&amp;uuml;zeyi arttık&amp;ccedil;a &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m kaygısı azalmaktadır. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Death is an unavoidable ontological phenomenon for all living beings. Both psychologists and philosophers have proposed various theoretical explanations and evaluations regarding death and death anxiety. In the psychology of religion literature, death anxiety is considered one of the sources of individual religiosity. It is frequently emphasized that religious beliefs are closely related to death anxiety. This perspective is based on the assumption that religion provides a soothing effect on anxiety associated with death. However, studies examining the relationship between religiosity and death anxiety have produced inconsistent findings. While some studies report that death anxiety decreases as religiosity increases, others have found the opposite pattern. Although the relationship between death anxiety and religiosity has been widely studied, unbelief has not received sufficient attention. In the present study, these two concepts are addressed, and the relationship between them is examined. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the relationship between death anxiety and unbelief among young adults. The sample of the study consists of 387 young adult individuals. The data were collected using the Death Anxiety Scale, the Nonreligious and Nonspiritual Scale, and a personal information form.According to the findings, a statistically significant weak negative relationship was found between death anxiety and unbelief (r = &amp;minus;0.207). The results of the regression analysis indicate that the level of unbelief explains 4.3% of the variance in death anxiety. In conclusion, the findings suggest that as the level of unbelief increases, death anxiety decreases among young adult individuals.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88934</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[321-363]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/32</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tekiyyuddîn es-Serûcî’nin Şiir Divanında Sevgi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Love in the Poetry Divan of Tekiyyuddin al-Saruji ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hamit SALİHOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Belagatı, Şiir, Aşk ve Sevgi, Edebi Sanatlar, Tekiyuddîn es-Serûcî.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Poetry, Love and Affection, Literary Arts, Taqiyuddin al-Saruji.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; tab-stops: 42.55pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;İnsanların edebi, fikri ve siyasi hayatında b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir etkisi olan şiir, Arap divanı olarak telakki edilmiş, dilciler tarafından dil ve gramer i&amp;ccedil;in h&amp;uuml;ccet ve kaynak olarak kabul edilmiştir. Şiirin Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n ve s&amp;uuml;nnetin iyi anlaşılmasında katkısı olduğu gibi tarihi olayların aktarılmasında da etkisi olmuş ve edebi sanatlar i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ouml;nemli bir alan olmuştur. Cahiliye d&amp;ouml;neminden g&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze kadar her d&amp;ouml;nemde şiirleriyle, dil ve edebiyat alanına b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k katkı sağlayan şairler olmuştur. Onlardan biri, Meml&amp;uuml;kler d&amp;ouml;neminde yaşayan ve zamanın &amp;ouml;nemli şairlerinden olan Tekiyyudd&amp;icirc;n es-Ser&amp;ucirc;c&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;dır (&amp;ouml;. 693/1294). O, &amp;ccedil;ok sayıda şiir nazmetmiş fakat onun şiirlerinden az bir kısmı g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze ulaşmıştır. Tarih ve tabakat kitaplarında kesitler halinde yer alan şiirleri, araştırmacılar tarafından bir araya getirilip derlenmiştir. D&amp;ouml;neminde gazel şairi olarak bilinen Ser&amp;ucirc;c&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin şiirlerinde bir&amp;ccedil;ok konu ve tema işlenmiş olmakla birlikte sevgi ve aşkla ilgili şiirleri, divanında geniş bir yer kaplamıştır. Bu araştırmada onun hayatı, edebi kişiliği ve şiir divanı ele alınmıştır. Şiir divanında aşk ve sevgiyle ilgili şiirleri geniş bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Araştırmada &amp;ouml;zellikle Ser&amp;ucirc;c&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin şiir divanında Allah sevgisi, kadın sevgisi, erkek &amp;ccedil;ocuğa olan sevgisi, komşu ve ahbabına olan sevgisi ve g&amp;uuml;zel varlıklara olan sevgisiyle ilgili şiirleri detaylı bir şekilde tahlil edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada onun sevgi anlayışı, tasavvufi y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;, ahlak ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;, d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce ve duyguları ortaya koymaya &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. Şiirlerini tavil, ser&amp;icirc;&amp;lsquo;, kamil, hafif, v&amp;acirc;fir, basit ve munsarih bahirlerinde nazmeden şair, divanında istifh&amp;acirc;m, takd&amp;icirc;m, te&amp;rsquo;h&amp;icirc;r, nid&amp;acirc;, emir, nehiy, şart, temenni ve terecci &amp;uuml;slupları kullanmıştır. Ser&amp;ucirc;c&amp;icirc;, şiirlerinde edebi sanatlardan ise teşbih, istiare, kinaye, tıb&amp;acirc;k, muk&amp;acirc;bele, tecr&amp;icirc;d ve cin&amp;acirc;s gibi sanatlara başvurmuştur. Şiirlerinde kolay ve anlaşılır lafızları se&amp;ccedil;miş, fikir ve d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerini g&amp;uuml;zel ve akıcı bir &amp;uuml;slupla aktarmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Poetry, which had a great influence on the literary, intellectual and political life of the people, was considered as the Arabic divan and was accepted by linguists as an argument and source for language and grammar. Poetry has contributed to a better understanding of the Quran and the Sunnah, as well as to the narration of historical events and has become an important field for literary arts. From the pre-Islamic period to the present day, there have been poets who have made great contributions to the field of language and literature with their poems. One of them was Takiyuddin al-Sar&amp;ucirc;j&amp;icirc;, who lived during the Mamluk period and was one of the important poets of the time. He composed a large number of poems, but only a small number of them have survived to the present day. His poems, which appear in excerpts from history and bibliography books, have been compiled and compiled by researchers. Known as a ghazal poet in his time, Ser&amp;ucirc;j&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s (&amp;ouml;. 693/1294) poems covered many subjects and themes, and his poems about love and passion took up a large place in his divan. This study examines his life, literary personality, and poetry collection. His poems on love and affection are extensively examined in this collection. In particular, the study examines in detail the poems in Ser&amp;ucirc;j&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s poetry collection that deal with love for God, love for women, love for sons, love for neighbors and friends, and love for beautiful beings. In this research, it was attempted to reveal his understanding of love, his mystical aspect, morality and culture, thoughts and feelings. The poet, who wrote his poems in tawil, seriʿ, kamil, hafif, vafir, basit and munsarih styles, used the styles of istifham, presentation, delay, exclamation, order, prohibition, condition, wish and terecci in his divan. In his poems, Ser&amp;ucirc;j&amp;icirc; employed literary arts such as teşbih, istiare, kinaye, tibak, mukabele, tecrid, and cinas. He chose easy and understandable language in his poems and conveyed his ideas and thoughts in a beautiful and fluent style.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88910</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1415-1451]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/33</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Din ve Bilim: Uyumluluk, Çatışma ve Diyaloğun İmkânları ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Religion and Science: Possibilities of Compatibility, Conflict, and Dialogue]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İbrahim Halil DÜNDAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, Din, Bilim, Bilgi, Evrim.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, Religion, Science, Knowledge, Evolution.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Din ve bilim, insanın evreni anlama ve bu anlamı organize etme &amp;ccedil;abalarının iki temel yolu olarak kendini g&amp;ouml;sterir. Bu iki yol sıklıkla uyumluluk, &amp;ccedil;atışma ve diyalog bağlamında ele alınır. G&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde, teknolojik ve bilimsel ilerlemelerle birlikte, din ve bilim arasındaki ilişki daha &amp;ouml;nce olmadığı kadar &amp;ouml;nemli hale gelmiştir. Bilim ve din arasındaki ilişkiye dair tartışmalar, genellikle bilimsel ve dini d&amp;uuml;nya g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerinin temel &amp;ouml;zelliklerini belirleyerek, bu nitelikler temelinde aralarındaki &amp;ccedil;atışma veya uyum ilişkisi &amp;uuml;zerine yapılan iddiaları değerlendirir. Din ve bilim, insanlığın varoluşundan beri merak ettiği temel soruları cevaplamak ve anlam arayışına y&amp;ouml;nelik farklı yaklaşımları temsil eder. Temel bir prensip olarak din, inan&amp;ccedil;lara ve kutsal metinlere dayanır, genellikle dogmalara bağlıdır. Bilim ise g&amp;ouml;zlem ve deneylere dayanarak doğanın kurallarını anlamaya &amp;ccedil;alışır ve genellikle kanıtlara dayanır. Bu iki alanın epistemolojik, ontolojik ve metodolojik farklılıkları, tarihsel s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te zaman zaman &amp;ccedil;atışma ve tartışmalara sebep olmuştur. G&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde, din ve bilim arasındaki uyumluluk, &amp;ccedil;atışma ve diyaloğun imk&amp;acirc;nlarına ilişkin daha kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapmak daha &amp;ouml;nemli hale gelmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma &amp;ouml;ncelikle din ve bilim ilişkisi &amp;uuml;zerine temel kavramlar ve &amp;ouml;nemli tartışma noktaları ele alınarak, bu iki alanın uyumu ve &amp;ccedil;atışması konusundaki tartışmaları incelemeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Bu bağlamda din ve bilim arasındaki uyumun engelleyen paradokslar g&amp;ouml;z ardı edilemez. Ancak bu ikili arasındaki devam eden tartışma ile ilgili itirazları araştırmak i&amp;ccedil;in bir &amp;ccedil;aba bulunmaktadır. Burada din ve bilim arasındaki diyaloğun m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n olduğunu ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Varsayılan d&amp;uuml;nya g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerinde mantığı veya tutarsızlıkları aşırı desteklemeden veya reddetmeden ortaya konan bilgilendirici arg&amp;uuml;manları incelenmekte ve değerlendirilmektedir. Bu makale, din ve bilimin tarihsel gelişimini ve bu iki alan arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaya y&amp;ouml;nelik bir &amp;ccedil;aba olarak şekillenmektedir. Makale, tarihsel bir perspektifle din ve bilim arasındaki &amp;ccedil;atışmaları ve uyumları analiz ederek, bu alandaki gelişimi izleyecek ve g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zdeki tartışmalara bağlamda bir bağlam sunacaktır. Ayrıca, &amp;ccedil;ağdaş d&amp;uuml;nyada din ve bilim arasındaki diyalogun nasıl g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirilebileceği ve bu diyalogun toplumsal sorunların &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;nde nasıl bir rol oynayabileceği ele alınacaktır. Bu iki alanın insan anlayışına nasıl katkıda bulunduğunu ve gelecekteki d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nceye nasıl rehberlik edebileceğini anlamamıza yardımcı olmayı hedeflemektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Religion and science represent two fundamental approaches to understanding the universe and organizing this understanding. These two approaches are often discussed in terms of compatibility, conflict, and dialogue. Today, with technological and scientific advances, the relationship between religion and science has become more important than ever before. Discussions about the relationship between science and religion generally identify the fundamental characteristics of scientific and religious worldviews and evaluate claims about the conflict or harmony between them based on these characteristics. Religion and science represent different approaches to answering fundamental questions that have intrigued humanity since its existence and to the search for meaning. As a fundamental principle, religion is based on beliefs and sacred texts and is often bound by dogma. Science, on the other hand, seeks to understand the laws of nature based on observation and experimentation and is generally evidence-based. The epistemological, ontological, and methodological differences between these two fields have, at times throughout history, led to conflict and debate. Today, it has become more important to make a more comprehensive assessment of the compatibility, conflict, and possibilities for dialogue between religion and science. This study aims to examine the debates on the compatibility and conflict between these two fields, primarily by addressing the basic concepts and important points of discussion regarding the relationship between religion and science. In this context, the paradoxes that hinder harmony between religion and science cannot be ignored. However, there is an effort to investigate the objections related to the ongoing debate between these two. The aim here is to demonstrate that dialogue between religion and science is possible. Informative arguments that are presented without overly supporting or rejecting the logic or inconsistencies in the assumed worldviews are examined and evaluated. This article takes shape as an effort to understand the historical development of religion and science and the relationship between these two fields. Analyzing the conflicts and harmonies between religion and science from a historical perspective, the article will trace developments in this field and provide a context for current debates. Furthermore, it will address how dialogue between religion and science can be strengthened in the contemporary world and how this dialogue can play a role in solving social problems. It aims to help us understand how these two fields contribute to human understanding and how they can guide future thought.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88906</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1001-1034]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/34</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[القيم الصوفية والتسويق الأخضر استلهام قِيَم الطريقة (الآخيّة) في بناء اقتصادٍ مستدامٍ أنموذجًا]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Sufi-Inspired Ethics in Green Marketing: Reviving the Akhī Order for Sustainable Business Models]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed Nur KAPLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Akram M. ALHAMAD]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[الكلمات المفتاحية: نظام (الآخيّة)، الأخلاق الصوفية، أخلاقيات الأعمال الإسلامية، التسويق الأخضر، الغسيل الأخضر، نظرية أصحاب المصلحة، المسؤولية الاجتماعية للشركات، حوكمة الاستدامة، أصالة العلامة التجارية.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Akhī Order, Sufi ethics, Islamic business ethics, green marketing, greenwashing, stakeholder theory, corporate social responsibility, sustainability governance, brand authenticity]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;الملخص&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" lang="tr" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;ما تزال قضية واقعية التسويق الأخضر مشكلة دائمة، إذ تستطيع الشركات أن تعلن مسؤوليتها البيئية من دون أن تُظهر أداءً تشغيليًا مكافئًا يبرهن على تلك المسؤولية، وتؤدي هذه الفجوة -بين ادعاءات الاستدامة والممارسة القابلة للتحقق -إلى إتاحة المجال أمام الغسيل الأخضر، وإضعاف ثقة أصحاب المصلحة، وخفض مستوى الأصالة المدركة، والحد من الدعم الموجه إلى الالتزامات المستدامة طويلة الأجل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;وتجادل هذه الدراسة المفاهيمية قضية جوهرية تتمثّل بأن أخلاقيات الأعمال المستلهمة من التصوف كما تجسدت تاريخيًا في نظام (طريقة (الآخيّة)) تقدم إطارًا أخلاقيًا متجذرًا ثقافيًا يمكن أن يعزز نزاهة التسويق الأخضر، ويحسّن الممارسات التسويقية القائمة على المساءلة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;وتعتمد هذه الدراسة على تحليل الدراسات العلمية المتعلقة بـ (طريقة (الآخيّة)) ذات الطابع الحرفي الاقتصادي، إضافة إلى الدراسات المتعلقة بأخلاقيات التسويق الأخضر، والمسؤولية الاجتماعية للشركات، ونظرية أصحاب المصلحة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;وتحدد الدراسة من خلال الترميز الموضوعي البنى الأخلاقية المتكررة، وتربطها بآليات ملموسة في التسويق والحوكمة، ويرتكز الإطار المقترح إلى قيم الأمانة، والوسطية، والخدمة، والتوازن، ثم يربط هذه القيم بإخضاع المزاعم لمقتضى الإثبات والتحقق، والانضباط في التعبير، والاعتدال في الإقناع، والإنصاف في التعامل، وخلق القيمة التي تخدم المجتمع. ويضاف إلى هذا أن هذه الدراسة تطور أنموذجًا مفاهيميًا جديداً، وتؤسس لافتراضات قابلة للاختبار لبحوث مستقبلية حول استجابات المستهلكين، والتبني التنظيمي، والشرعية في السياقات ذات الأغلبية المسلمة. وترى هذه الدراسة أن الأخلاقيات ذات الأساس الروحي ينبغي أن تؤدي أولًا وظيفة القيد الحوكمي الداخلي، ثم تأتي بعدها الوظائف التي تُدرس بوصفها مضمونًا اتصاليًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;ومن خلال ترجمة القيم المستلهمة من التصوف إلى واقعية منظمة ودقيقة تسهم المقالة في إثراء دراسات التسويق الأخضر بمنظور أخلاقي متجذر ثقافيًا، وتقدم مدخلًا تطبيقياً للحد من مخاطر الغسيل الأخضر وتعزيز ثقة أصحاب المصلحة على المدى الطويل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR" lang="tr" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="tr" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;Green marketing continues to face a persistent credibility problem because firms can communicate environmental responsibility without demonstrating equivalent operational performance. This gap between sustainability claims and verifiable practice enables greenwashing, weakens stakeholder trust, reduces perceived authenticity, and limits support for long-term sustainability commitments. This conceptual study argues that Sufi-informed business ethics, as historically institutionalised in the Akhī Order, offers a culturally grounded ethical framework that can strengthen the integrity of green marketing and improve accountable marketing practice. The study adopts an interpretive textual analysis of secondary scholarship on the Akhī guild tradition together with core literature on green marketing ethics, corporate social responsibility, and stakeholder theory. Through thematic coding, it identifies recurring ethical constructs and maps them onto concrete marketing and governance mechanisms. The proposed framework centres on amāna, wasatiyya, khidma, and mīzān, and links these values to substantiation of claims, disclosure discipline, restraint in persuasion, fair dealing, and community-oriented value creation. The study develops a single conceptual model and advances testable propositions for future research on consumer responses, organisational adoption, and legitimacy in Muslim-majority contexts. It argues that spiritually grounded ethics should function first as an internal governance constraint and only second as communication content. By translating Sufi-informed values into auditable organisational expectations, the article contributes a culturally embedded perspective to green marketing scholarship and offers a practical approach to reducing greenwashing risk while strengthening long-term stakeholder trust.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88828</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1829-1874]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/35</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Zhu Yuanzhang’ın İslamiyet’e Yaklaşımı ve Peygambere Naat]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Zhu Yuanzhang’s Approach to Islam and His Eulogy for The Propet Muhammad]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatma Ecem CEYLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ertuğrul CEYLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Peygambere Naat, Ming Hanedanlığı, Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang, İslam.The Hundred-word Eulogy, Ming Dynasty, Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang, Islam. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[The Hundred-word Eulogy, Ming Dynasty, Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang, Islam. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Ming Hanedanlığı&amp;rsquo;nın kurucusu Zhu Yuanzhang&amp;rsquo;ın (1328&amp;ndash;1398) İslamiyet&amp;rsquo;e ve &amp;Ccedil;inli M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlara y&amp;ouml;nelik tutumunu incelemeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Zhu Yuanzhang, &amp;Ccedil;in tarihinde bir k&amp;ouml;yl&amp;uuml; olarak imparatorluk kuran &amp;ouml;nemli bir siyasi fig&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;r. Kızıl T&amp;uuml;rban İsyanı&amp;rsquo;ndaki rol&amp;uuml;, siyasi reformları ve farklı inan&amp;ccedil;lara karşı olumlu tutumları ile dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekmektedir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Zhu Yuanzhang&amp;rsquo;ın M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlara y&amp;ouml;nelik politikalarını, İslamiyet&amp;rsquo;e karşı hoşg&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n altında yatan sebepleri ve &amp;ldquo;Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e Naat&amp;rdquo; adlı şiiri &amp;uuml;zerinden İslamiyet&amp;rsquo;e bakışını ortaya koymaktır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinden dok&amp;uuml;man analizi kullanılmış olup; Ming d&amp;ouml;nemine ait tarihi kayıtlar, d&amp;ouml;nemin M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man &amp;acirc;limleri tarafından kaleme alınan eserler, seyahatnameler ve konuya ilişkin akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmalar incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, siyasi ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel bağlamda Zhu&amp;rsquo;nun, M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlara ve İslamiyet&amp;rsquo;e karşı olumlu bir tavır geliştirdiğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların hanedanlığın y&amp;uuml;ksek mertebelerinde g&amp;ouml;revlendirilmesi, camilerin restore ve inşa edilmesi, g&amp;ouml;kbilime ilişkin Arap&amp;ccedil;a ve Fars&amp;ccedil;a eserlerin &amp;Ccedil;inceye terc&amp;uuml;me edilmesi ve Huihui G&amp;ouml;ky&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml; G&amp;ouml;zlem Birimi&amp;rsquo;nin kurulması bu olumlu tutumun somut g&amp;ouml;stergeleridir. Araştırma bulguları, Zhu Yuanzhang&amp;rsquo;ın farklı bir dine mensup olsa da İslamiyet&amp;rsquo;e derin bir saygı duyduğunu, &amp;ldquo;Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e Naat&amp;rdquo; şiiri ile Hz. Muhammed&amp;rsquo;in evrenselliğini ve ahlakını &amp;ouml;vd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca şiirde Budist, Taoist ve Konf&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;y&amp;uuml;s&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml; kavramlara da yer verilmesi, d&amp;ouml;nemde İslamiyet&amp;rsquo;in &amp;Ccedil;in k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;yle b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nleştirme &amp;ccedil;abalarının bir yansıması olarak değendirilebilmektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, Zhu Yuanzhang&amp;rsquo;ın dinlerarası diyalog kurma &amp;ccedil;abaları ve hoşg&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;, Ming Hanedanlığı&amp;rsquo;nın &amp;ccedil;okk&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml; yapısında toplumsal barışın sağlanmasında etkili olmuştur. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study aims to examine the attitude of Zhu Yuanzhang (1328&amp;ndash;1398), the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, toward Islam and the Chinese Muslim community.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Rising from a peasant background to establish an imperial dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang stands as a pivotal figure in Chinese history, renowned for his leadership in the Red Turban Rebellion, his institutional reforms, and his policy of religious tolerance. The primary objective of this research is to analyze Zhu Yuanzhang&amp;rsquo;s policies regarding Muslims, to uncover the underlying reason behind his tolerance toward Islam, and to examine his personal perception of the religion as reflected in his poem &amp;ldquo;Praise to the Prophet.&amp;rdquo; The study employs a qualitative research method, specifically document analysis, by examining Ming historical records, the works of contemporary Muslim scholars of the time, travelogues, and relevant academic literature. The findings demonstrate that Zhu Yuanzhang adopted a positive and inclusive attitude toward Muslims and Islam within both political and cultural spheres. This is substantiated by the appointment of Muslims to high-ranking governmental positions, the construction and restoration of mosques, the translation of Arabic and Persian astronomical texts, and the establishment of the Huihui Astronomical Bureau. Furthermore, the research reveals that despite adhering to a different faith system, Zhu Yuanzhang displayed profound respect for Islam. In his poem "Praise to the Prophet", he celebrates the universality and moral excellence of the Prophet Muhammad. The poem's incorporation of Buddhist, Taoist, and Confucian concepts reflects broader efforts to integrate Islam to Chinese culture during the Ming period. In conclusion, Zhu Yuanzhang&amp;rsquo;s efforts to promote interreligious dialogue and tolerance played a significant role in maintaining social harmony within the multicultural structure of the Ming Dynasty.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88818</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[589-645]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/36</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ Seyyid Kutup’un Necîp Mahfuz Üzerine  Üç Makalesi (Kifah Tıbe, Han el-Halîlî, Kahiretu'l-Cedîde)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Three Articles of Sayyid Qutb on the Necip Mahfuz (Kifah Tibah, Khan al-Khalili, Kahiretu'l-Jadida)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ercan BARAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Necip Mahfuz, Seyyid Kutup, Kifah Tıbe, Han el-Halili, Kahiretu'l-Cedide ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Najib Mahfouz, Sayyid Qutb, Kifah Tibe, Khan al-Khalili, Cairotu'l-Jadida]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Toplumları ilerleten aydınlardır. İslam toplumlarında da aydınlar &amp;ouml;n plandadır. Mısır İslam d&amp;uuml;nyasını etkileyen &amp;uuml;lkelerin başında gelir. Mısırda da Seyyid Kutup ve Nobel edebiyat &amp;ouml;d&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml; almış Necip Mahfuz ismi &amp;ouml;nemlidir. Seyyid Kutup ilk d&amp;ouml;nemlerinde yani 1940&amp;rsquo;lı yıllarda Mahfuz daha 1988 yılında Nobel &amp;ouml;d&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml; almamışken Mahfuz&amp;rsquo;un d&amp;ouml;rt romanı hakkında eleştiri yazarak Mahfuz&amp;rsquo;u onure etmiştir. Bu d&amp;ouml;rt Mahfuz eleştirisi de olumlu anlamdadır ve Mahfuz&amp;rsquo;un dahada fazla tanınmasını sağlamıştır. Mahfuz da Seyyid Kutup&amp;rsquo;un arkadaşıdır. &amp;Ouml;yle ki Seyyid Kutup&amp;rsquo;a Aynalar adlı romanında Abdulvehhap İsmail adıyla yer vermiştir. Necip Mahfuz&amp;rsquo;un Aynalar adlı romanının elli beş portresine elli beş resim &amp;ccedil;izen Vanlı Seyf Vanlı resmi tam Seyyid Kutup&amp;rsquo;a benzetmiştir. Dikkatlice bakanlar bu resmin Seyyid Kutup olduğunu anlamakta zorluk &amp;ccedil;ekmeyeceklerdir. Kutup gen&amp;ccedil;lik yıllarında &amp;ccedil;ok g&amp;uuml;zel yazılar yazmaktadır. Hatta onu g&amp;ouml;renler bu yazıları sen mi yazdın? diye hayretlerini ifade etmişlerdir. Necip Mahfuz ilk yazmaya başladığı zamanlarda kırk tarihi roman yazmaya niyet etmişse de bu sayı &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; olarak kalmıştır. Mahfuz&amp;rsquo;un bu tarihi romanlarından biri olan Kifah Tıbe&amp;rsquo;ye Kutup eleştiri yazısı yazmıştır. Kutup&amp;rsquo;un ikinci eleştiri yazısı Han el-Halili &amp;uuml;zerine, &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; eleştiri yazısı Kahiret&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Cedide &amp;uuml;zerine ve d&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; eleştiri yazısı Midak Sokağı &amp;uuml;zerinedir. Kutup&amp;rsquo;un bu kadar entelekt&amp;uuml;el ve velud bir yazar olması elbette dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekicidir. Burada &amp;ouml;nemli olan Cemal Abdunnasır gibi İhvan subaylarının -sonradan İhvandan ayrılmıştır- Seyyid Kutup&amp;rsquo;u 1952 darbesinin fikir babası olarak y&amp;uuml;celtmesidir. Bu anlamda da Seyyid Kutup 1952 darbesinin fikir babalığını yapmıştır diyebiliriz. &amp;Ouml;yle ki Kutup&amp;rsquo;un yazdığı &amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;İslamda Sosyal Adalet&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;kitabı darbe yapan b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n subayların elindedir. Subaylar Kutup&amp;rsquo;u &amp;ouml;lene kadar koruyacaklarına dair ant i&amp;ccedil;seler de 1966 yılında idam etmekten beri durmamışlardır. Kutup&amp;rsquo;un Necip Mahfuz hakkındaki bu &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; makalesini okuduğumuzda Kutup&amp;rsquo;un eleştiri sahasında ger&amp;ccedil;ekten kendisini iyi yetiştirmiş olduğunu anlamaktayız. Kutup eleştirilerine başlarken Mahfuz&amp;rsquo;u romanlarını olumlu anlamda &amp;ouml;verek eleştirmekte ve olumsuz eleştirilerini sona bırakmaktadır&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"&gt;Intellectuals are the ones who advance societies. Intellectuals are also at the forefront in Islamic societies. Egypt is one of the leading countries that influence the Islamic world. In Egypt, the names of Sayyid Qutb and Najib Mahfouz, who received the Nobel Prize in literature, are important. In his early days, in the 1940s, before Mahfouz had even received the Nobel Prize in 1988, Sayyid Qutb wrote reviews of four of Mahfouz&amp;rsquo;s novels and honored Mahfouz. These four criticisms of Mahfouz were also positive and made Mahfouz even more known. Mahfouz was also a friend of Sayyid Qutb. In fact, he included Sayyid Qutb in his novel Mirrors under the name Abdulwahhab Ismail. Vanlı Seyf Vanlı, who drew fifty-five pictures for the fifty-five portraits of Najib Mahfouz&amp;rsquo;s novel Mirrors, made the picture look exactly like Sayyid Qutb. Those who look closely will not have difficulty understanding that this picture is Sayyid Qutb. Qutb is very intelligent and writes beautifully for his age. In fact, those who see him express their astonishment by asking, &amp;ldquo;Did you write these articles?&amp;rdquo; Although Naguib Mahfouz had intended to write forty historical novels when he first started writing, this number remained at three. Qutb wrote a review for one of Mahfouz&amp;rsquo;s historical novels, Kifah Tibe. Qutb&amp;rsquo;s second review was about Khan al-Khalili, his third review was about Cairo al-Jadida, and his fourth review was about Midaq Alley. It is certainly remarkable that Qutb was such an intellectual and productive writer. What is important here is that Brotherhood officers like Gamal Abdel Nasser &amp;ndash; who later left the Brotherhood &amp;ndash; glorified Sayyid Qutb as the father of the idea of ​​the 1952 coup. In this sense, we can say that Sayyid Qutb was the father of the idea of the 1952 coup. In fact, the book Social Justice in Islam written by Qutb is in the hands of all the officers who carried out the coup. Although the officers swore to protect Qutb until their deaths, they did not hesitate to execute him in 1966. When we read these three articles of Qutb about Naguib Mahfouz, we understand that Qutb has really trained himself well in the field of criticism. Qutb begins his criticism by criticizing Mahfouz by praising his novels in a positive way and leaves his negative criticisms for the end and provides evidence.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88816</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[545-588]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/37</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İbâzî el-Kindî en-Nizvânî’nin Dakîku’l-Kelâm Anlayışı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Daqīq Al-Kalām Understanding of Ibādī Al-Kindī Al-Nizwānī]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Metin YILDIZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kelâm, el-Kindî en-Nizvânî, Dakîku’l-kelâm, el-Cevheru’l-muktasar, İbâziyye.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kalām, al-Kindī al-Nizwānī, Daqīq al-kalām, al-Jawhar al-Muqtaṣar, Ibāḍiyya.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;İb&amp;acirc;ziyye fırkası din&amp;icirc; metinleri, sosyal ve siyasal olayları diğer H&amp;acirc;ric&amp;icirc; fırkalardan farklı olarak ılımlı bir şekilde yorumlamış ve g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze kadar gelebilmiş tek H&amp;acirc;ric&amp;icirc; fırkadır. İb&amp;acirc;ziyye ismi Abdullah b. İb&amp;acirc;z&amp;rsquo;a nispetle kullanılmıştır. Abdullah b. İb&amp;acirc;z&amp;rsquo;dan g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze bir&amp;ccedil;ok İb&amp;acirc;z&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;lim yetişmiş ve eserleri bize ulaşmıştır. Araştırma konusu edindiğimiz Ebubekir Ahmed b. Abdullah b. M&amp;ucirc;s&amp;acirc; el-Kind&amp;icirc; en-Nizv&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;. 557/1162) Um&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;da yaşamış erken d&amp;ouml;nem Doğu İb&amp;acirc;z&amp;icirc;lerindendir. İlm&amp;icirc; yetkinliğiyle kendisinden &amp;ouml;nceki İb&amp;acirc;z&amp;icirc; mirası alıp harmanlayarak kendisinden sonrakilere aktaran &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; bir &amp;acirc;limdir. İlm&amp;icirc; kişiliğinin yanında siyasal faaliyetlerde de bilfiil olarak yer almıştır. Fıkıh, us&amp;ucirc;l-i fıkıh, siyer, dilbilim ve fırak edebiyatı alanında eserler yazdığı gibi Kel&amp;acirc;m ilminin dak&amp;icirc;k ve cel&amp;icirc;l alanında da eserler yazmıştır. Birden fazla eseri g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze ulaşan el-Kind&amp;icirc; en-Nizv&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin&lt;em&gt; el-Cevheru&amp;rsquo;l-muktasar&lt;/em&gt; adlı eseri İb&amp;acirc;ziyye fırkasının dak&amp;icirc;ku&amp;rsquo;l-kel&amp;acirc;m alanında erken d&amp;ouml;nemde yazılmış ve g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze kadar gelmiş ilk sistematik eserlerden birisidir. Eser cel&amp;icirc;lu&amp;rsquo;l-kel&amp;acirc;m konularına nazaran dak&amp;icirc;ku&amp;rsquo;l-kel&amp;acirc;m konularını daha &amp;ccedil;ok i&amp;ccedil;ermektedir. el-Kind&amp;icirc; en-Nizv&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;bu eserinde &amp;acirc;lem konusunu detaylı bir şekilde ele alarak kel&amp;acirc;mcıların neredeyse tamamınca &amp;acirc;lemin unsurları olarak zikredilen cevher, araz ve cisim konularına değinmektedir. Kel&amp;acirc;m ilminde &amp;acirc;lemin &amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; olarak kabul edilen cevher-i ferd (el-c&amp;uuml;z&amp;rsquo; ellezi l&amp;acirc; yetecezz&amp;acirc; meselesini detaylı bir şekilde tartışmaktadır. Nazz&amp;acirc;m, Hiş&amp;acirc;m b. El-Hakem, Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-H&amp;uuml;zeyl el-All&amp;acirc;f, Ebubekir el-Esam, Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-K&amp;acirc;sım el-Belh&amp;icirc; el-Ka&amp;rsquo;b&amp;icirc;, Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-Hasan el-Eş&amp;rsquo;ar&amp;icirc; gibi kel&amp;acirc;mcıların dak&amp;icirc;ku&amp;rsquo;l-kel&amp;acirc;mla ilgili g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerini de tartışmaktadır. Allah-&amp;acirc;lem ilişkisini de konu edinen en-Nizv&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;, &amp;acirc;lemin Allah Te&amp;acirc;l&amp;acirc; tarafından sonradan yaratıldığını arazların hud&amp;ucirc;su &amp;uuml;zerinden temellendirmektedir. en-Nizv&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; kel&amp;acirc;mcılar tarafından &amp;ccedil;ok&amp;ccedil;a tartışılan ma&amp;rsquo;d&amp;ucirc;mun şeyiyyeti meselesini de tartışmaktadır. en-Nizv&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; kendi d&amp;ouml;neminde kel&amp;acirc;mın dak&amp;icirc;k boyutuyla ilgilenmenin sakıncalı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;ne şahit olduğu halde ve bu konuda şiddetli eleştirilere maruz kalmasına rağmen t&amp;uuml;m tehlikeleri g&amp;ouml;ze alarak kendi ifadesiyle bir hakikat arayıcısı edasıyla bu meseleleri tartışmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmamızda erken d&amp;ouml;nem İb&amp;acirc;z&amp;icirc; kel&amp;acirc;mcılarından el-Kind&amp;icirc; en-Nizv&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin dak&amp;icirc;ku&amp;rsquo;l-kel&amp;acirc;m anlayışı ele alınacaktır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmadaki temel gayemiz İb&amp;acirc;ziyye&amp;rsquo;nin erken d&amp;ouml;neminde yaşamış ve bir&amp;ccedil;ok eseri g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze ulaşmış el-Kind&amp;icirc; en-Nizv&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin başta &lt;em&gt;el-Cevheru&amp;rsquo;l-muktasar&lt;/em&gt; adlı eseri olmak &amp;uuml;zere onun diğer eserlerinden hareketle dak&amp;icirc;ku&amp;rsquo;l-kel&amp;acirc;m alanındaki &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ve yetkinliğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada deskriptif ve analitik y&amp;ouml;ntem kullanılmıştır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;The Ibādiyya sect interpreted religious texts and social and political events in a more moderate manner compared to other Kharijite sects, and it is the only Kharijite sect that has survived to the present day. The name Ibādiyya was used in reference to Abdullah ibn Ibāz. Many Ibāzī scholars have emerged from Abdullah ibn Ibāz to the present day, and their works have survived. Abu Bakr Ahmed ibn Abdullah ibn Mūsā al-Kindī al-Nizwānī, the subject of our research, was an early Eastern Ibāzī who lived in Oman. He was a versatile scholar who, with his scholarly competence, assimilated the Ibādi heritage of his predecessors and transmitted it to future generations. In addition to his scholarly persona, he was actively involved in political activities. He authored works in the fields of fiqh, usul al-fiqh, sirah, linguistics, and sectarian literature, as well as in both the daqīq and jalil areas of Kalām. Al-Kindi al-Nizwānī, whose multiple works have reached to this day, wrote his work, &lt;em&gt;al-Jawhar al-Muqtasar&lt;/em&gt;, in the field of &lt;em&gt;daqīq al-kalam&lt;/em&gt;, an early work of the Ibādiyya sect, and is one of the first systematic works to survive to this day. The work covers more of the topics of daqīq al-kalām than those of the jalil al-kalām. In al-Kindi al-Nizwānī 's &lt;em&gt;al-Jawhar al-Muqtasar&lt;/em&gt;, he examines the universe in detail, touching on the subjects of substance, accident, and body, which are mentioned by almost all theologians as elements of the universe. He discusses in detail the issue of the Jawhar al-Fard, or in other words, the al-juzulladhi l&amp;acirc; yetecezza, which is considered the essence of the universe in theology. He also discusses the views of theologians such as Nazzam, Hisham ibn al-Hakam, Abu'l-Huzayl al- All&amp;acirc;f, Abu Bakr al-Asamm, Abu'l-Qasem al-Balkhi al-Ka&amp;rsquo;b&amp;icirc;, Abu'l-Hasan al-Ash'ar&amp;icirc;, and others regarding the &lt;em&gt;dak&amp;icirc;q al-kalām&lt;/em&gt;. Al-Nizwānī, who also deals with the relationship between Allah and the universe, bases the fact that the universe was created by Allah Almighty on the existence of accidents. Al-Nizwānī also discusses the issue of the thinghood of the ma&amp;rsquo;d&amp;ucirc;m, a matter frequently discussed by theologians. Despite witnessing that engaging with the precise dimension of theology was considered dangerous in his time and facing severe criticism on this issue, al-Nizwānī, in his own words, discussed these issues with the air of a truth-seeker. This study will examine the understanding of &lt;em&gt;daqīq al-kalām&lt;/em&gt; of al-Kindī al-Nizwānī, one of the early Ibādī theologians. Our primary objective in this study is to demonstrate the originality and competence of al-Kindī al-Nizwānī, who lived in the early period of the Ibāziyya and whose numerous works have survived to the present day, based on his authorship, particularly his work &lt;em&gt;al-Jawhar al-Muqtasar&lt;/em&gt;. In this work employing both descriptive and analytical methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88806</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[1779-1827]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/38</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Frithjof Schuon'un Gelenek ve Din Anlayışı: Gelenekselci Düşünce Perspektifinden Evrensel ve Metafiziksel Bir Yaklaşım]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Frithjof Schuon’s Understanding of Tradition and Religion: A Universal and Metaphysical Perspective within Traditionalist Thought]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hatice POLAT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Mezhepler Tarihi, Çağdaş İslamî Akımlar, Frithjof Schuon, Gelenek, Din, Sophia Perennis  ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Islamic Sects, Contemporary Islamic Movements, Frithjof Schuon, Tradition, Religion, Sophia Perennis]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Fransız İhtilali ve Sanayi Devrimi sonrasında Batı toplumlarında yaşanan hızlı sosyo-k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ve ekonomik d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m ile birlikte şekillenen Batı d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinde din ve gelenek anlayışı, &amp;ouml;zellikle materyalist ve sek&amp;uuml;ler anlayışların y&amp;uuml;kselmesi neticesinde &amp;ouml;nemli bir d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m s&amp;uuml;recine girmiştir. Gelenekselci din anlayışı ise &amp;ouml;zellikle XX. y&amp;uuml;zyılda Avrupa&amp;rsquo;da ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan modernist, sek&amp;uuml;ler ve materyalist d&amp;uuml;nya g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerine bir tepki olarak doğmuştur. Bu bağlamda, gelenekselci ekol&amp;uuml;n &amp;ouml;nemli bir temsilcisi olan ve XX. y&amp;uuml;zyıl d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce tarihinde gelenek, metafizik ve dinler arası hakikat konularında yaptığı &amp;ccedil;alışmalarla tanınan Frithjof Schuon, dinin yalnızca tarihsel veya k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel bir olgu olmadığını; aynı zamanda insanın varoluşsal ve aşkın boyutlarına y&amp;ouml;nelen evrensel bir hakikatin tezah&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; olduğunu savunur. Bu bağlamda, modernist ve sek&amp;uuml;ler paradigmalar karşısında geleneksel din anlayışını ve &amp;ouml;zellikle Frithjof Schuon&amp;rsquo;un d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesini incelemek, dinlerin evrensel ve metafizik boyutlarını anlamak a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;nemlidir. Bu makale, gelenek ve din mevzularına kapsamlı ve evrensel bir bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısıyla yaklaşan Schuon&amp;rsquo;un gelenek ve din anlayışını disiplinler arası bir bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısıyla ele almayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Araştırmada Frithjof Schuon&amp;rsquo;un din ve gelenek anlayışının modern d&amp;uuml;nyada nasıl bir metafizik ve evrensel perspektif sunduğu ve farklı dinler arasındaki metafizik birliği a&amp;ccedil;ıklama hususundaki katkısını sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Y&amp;ouml;ntem olarak, &amp;ouml;ncelikle Schuon&amp;rsquo;un temel eserleri Gelenekselci akımın diğer temsilcilerinin eserleriyle birlikte incelenmiş; ardından bu metinlerde &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkan kavramlar, kavramsal analiz y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mlenmiştir. B&amp;ouml;ylelikle araştırmanın nihayetinde Schuon&amp;rsquo;un gelenek ve din anlayışının modern sek&amp;uuml;ler ve materyalist d&amp;uuml;nya g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerine karşı metafizik bir tepki olarak ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıktığı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. O bu tepkisini dillendirirken fikirlerini, dinlerin k&amp;ouml;keninde yer alan ezel&amp;icirc; hikmet kavramına dayandırarak bireyin aşkın hakikate y&amp;ouml;nelimini a&amp;ccedil;ıklamaya &amp;ccedil;alışmıştır. Nihayetinde modern d&amp;uuml;nyada dinin anlamını, rol&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ve hakikate a&amp;ccedil;ılan y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; yeniden değerlendirerek g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z tartışmalarına &amp;ouml;nemli bir katkı sunmuştur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Following the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, the rapid socio-cultural and economic transformations in Western societies significantly reshaped Western thought regarding religion and tradition, particularly due to the rise of materialist and secular perspectives. Traditionalist religious thought emerged as a response to the modernist, secular, and materialist worldviews that developed in Europe during the twentieth century. In this context, Frithjof Schuon, a prominent representative of the Traditionalist school and a key figure in twentieth-century intellectual history, is renowned for his work on tradition, metaphysics, and the universal truth of religions. Schuon argues that religion is not merely a historical or cultural phenomenon but also an expression of a universal truth that addresses the existential and transcendent dimensions of human existence. Examining traditional religious thought, and particularly Schuon&amp;rsquo;s perspective, is therefore crucial for understanding the universal and metaphysical dimensions of religions. This article aims to analyze Schuon&amp;rsquo;s conception of tradition and religion from an interdisciplinary perspective, emphasizing his comprehensive and universal approach to these topics. The study seeks to demonstrate how Schuon&amp;rsquo;s understanding of religion and tradition offers a metaphysical and universal perspective in the modern world and contributes to explaining the metaphysical unity among different religions. Methodologically, the research first examines Schuon&amp;rsquo;s key works alongside those of other representatives of the Traditionalist movement and then employs conceptual analysis to interpret the prominent concepts within these texts. Ultimately, the study shows that Schuon&amp;rsquo;s conception of tradition and religion emerges as a metaphysical response to the modern secular and materialist worldview. In articulating this response, he grounds his ideas in the concept of primordial wisdom (&amp;eacute;ternelle sagesse), explaining the individual&amp;rsquo;s orientation toward transcendent truth. In doing so, Schuon reevaluates the meaning, role, and transcendent dimension of religion in the modern world, offering a significant contribution to contemporary discussions on religion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88668</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2211-2231]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/39</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Mu‘tezilî Düşüncede Hadis ve Bilgi Problemi: Hakîm el-Cüşemî’nin Haber Teorisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Problem of Ḥadīth and Knowledge in Muʿtazilite Thought: An Analysis of Ḥakīm al-Jishumi’s Theory of Khabar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Şemsi BALAT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yavuz KÖKTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Hakîm el-Cüşemî, Haber Teorisi, Mütevâtir, Mu‘tezile ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Hakīm al-Jishumi; Theory of Khabar; Mutawātir; Muʿtazila]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Zeyd&amp;icirc;&amp;ndash;Mu&amp;lsquo;tezil&amp;icirc; geleneğin &amp;ouml;nde gelen temsilcilerinden Hak&amp;icirc;m el-C&amp;uuml;şem&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin (&amp;ouml;. 494/1101) haber teorisi bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın temel konusunu oluşturmaktadır. C&amp;uuml;şem&amp;icirc;, bilgi kaynakları arasında &amp;ouml;nemli bir yere sahip olan &amp;ldquo;haber&amp;rdquo;i, epistemolojik değeri bakımından iki ana kategoriye ayırır: &amp;ldquo;m&amp;uuml;tev&amp;acirc;tir&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;&amp;acirc;h&amp;acirc;d&amp;rdquo;. Ona g&amp;ouml;re m&amp;uuml;tev&amp;acirc;tir haber, her tabakasında en az beş r&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc; tarafından nakledilen, bu r&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;lerin yalan &amp;uuml;zere birleşmeleri aklen m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmeyen ve zorunlu bilgi (ilim-i zarur&amp;icirc;) ifade eden rivayet t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;r. Bu şartları taşımayan haberler ise &amp;acirc;h&amp;acirc;d kapsamında değerlendirilir; &amp;acirc;h&amp;acirc;d rivayetler ancak zann ifade eder, bu sebeple us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;d-d&amp;icirc;n alanında, yani itikad&amp;icirc; konularda delil değeri taşımaz. Bununla birlikte C&amp;uuml;şem&amp;icirc;, haber-i v&amp;acirc;hidin tamamen işlevsiz olmadığını, amele dair f&amp;uuml;ru&amp;lsquo; meselelerinde belirli şartlar sağlandığında h&amp;uuml;ccet kabul edilebileceğini belirtir; b&amp;ouml;ylece Basra Mu&amp;lsquo;tezilesi&amp;rsquo;nin klasik &amp;ccedil;izgisini devam ettirir. Ancak yapılan metin ve isnad tahlilleri, onun teorik ilkeleri ile pratik uygulamaları arasında dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekici bir farklılık bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Zira mezheb&amp;icirc; kabullerini ve kel&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; tercihlerini destekleyen bazı rivayetleri, kendi koyduğu kriterleri tam karşılamamasına rağmen m&amp;uuml;tev&amp;acirc;tir kabul ederken; teknik bakımdan m&amp;uuml;tev&amp;acirc;tir sayılması gereken bazı rivayetleri &amp;acirc;h&amp;acirc;d konumuna indirerek reddetmiştir. Bu durum, C&amp;uuml;şem&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin hadis değerlendirmelerinde mezheb&amp;icirc; &amp;ouml;nceliklerin belirleyici rol oynadığını, haber teorisinde ortaya koyduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;şte objektif &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;tleri uygulama safhasında esnettiğini ve yeniden yorumladığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak onun haber anlayışı, teorik kurallar ile mezheb&amp;icirc; y&amp;ouml;nelim arasındaki gerilim ve &amp;ouml;rt&amp;uuml;k &amp;ccedil;elişkiyi g&amp;ouml;zler &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne sermektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;The present study takes as its central subject the theory of khabar developed by Hakim al-Jishumi (d. 494/1101), one of the leading representatives of the Zaydi&amp;ndash;Muʿtazili tradition. Al-Jishumi, who assigns khabar a significant place among the sources of knowledge, divides it, in terms of its epistemic value, into two main categories: mutawatir and ahad. According to him, a mutawatir report is a type of narration transmitted in each layer of the isnad by at least five transmitters, whose agreement upon a lie is deemed rationally impossible and which yields necessary knowledge (ʿilm daruri). Reports that do not satisfy these conditions are classified as ahad; such ahad narrations generate only conjecture (zann) and therefore cannot serve as valid proof in matters of usul al-din, that is, in doctrinal questions. Nevertheless, al-Jishumi does not consider khabar al-wahid to be entirely without function. He maintains that in practical, furuʿ-level issues pertaining to action, khabar al-wahid may be accepted as binding proof (hujja), provided that certain conditions are met, thereby continuing the classical line of the Basran Muʿtazila. However, detailed textual and isnad analyses reveal a striking discrepancy between his theoretical principles and their practical application. For he classifies as mutawatir a number of reports that support his sectarian commitments and kalam-based preferences, even though they do not fully meet the criteria he himself sets forth, while at the same time relegating to the status of ahad and rejecting some reports that, from a technical standpoint, ought to be regarded as mutawatir. This state of affairs indicates that sectarian priorities play a determinative role in al-Jishumi&amp;rsquo;s evaluation of hadith, that he relaxes and reinterprets the ostensibly objective criteria he advances in his theory of khabar at the level of application, and that his practice is shaped by theological allegiance at least as much as by methodological consistency. In conclusion, his conception of khabar brings to light the tension and latent contradiction between theoretical rules and madhhab-oriented commitments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88653</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1781-1800]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/40</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arap Kültür Mirası Bağlamında Şiirin Psikolojik ve Duygusal Etkisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Psychological and Emotional Impact of Poetry: A Critical Approach within Arab Heritage]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Alaaddin KİRAZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Edebiyatı, Arap Şiiri, Arap Mirasında Eleştiri, Psikolojik ve Duygusal Etki, Eleştirel Yaklaşım. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Literature, Arabic Poetry, Criticism in Arabic Heritage, Psychological and Emotional Impact, Critical Approach.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Arap edebiyat mirasına dayanan eleştirel bir perspektifle, Arap şiirinin psikolojik ve duygusal etkilerini incelemektedir. Şiirin yalnızca estetik bir unsur değil, insan ruhunun derinliklerine inen, duyguları uyandıran, acıları hafifleten ve insan&amp;icirc; d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nceyi harekete ge&amp;ccedil;iren g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir ifade aracı olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Araştırma, edeb&amp;icirc; metinleri &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mlemede psikolojik analiz y&amp;ouml;nteminden yararlanmaktadır. Klasik Arap şiirinde duyguların ve hislerin nasıl yansıtıldığı, hem şair hem de okuyucu &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkileri bağlamında incelenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, İbn Kuteybe, Cahiz ve İbn Tabataba gibi klasik eleştirmenlerin şiirin duygular &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisine dair g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri temel alınmaktadır. Ayrıca &amp;ccedil;alışma, şiirin psikolojik &amp;ccedil;elişkileri işleyebilen ve olumlu duyguları (sevin&amp;ccedil;, haz, umut) harekete ge&amp;ccedil;irebilen g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir ara&amp;ccedil; olarak değerini ortaya koymaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada h&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;n ve kaygı gibi olumsuz duygular &amp;uuml;zerindeki yatıştırıcı etkisine de dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekilmektedir. Edeb&amp;icirc; eleştiri ile psikolojik &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mleme arasındaki kuramsal bağın yeterince kurulmamış olması, bu alandaki mevcut akademik boşlukları g&amp;ouml;zler &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne sermektedir. Bu bağlamda, hem şairin hem de okuyucunun psikolojik durumu ile şiir arasındaki ilişkinin daha kapsamlı bi&amp;ccedil;imde araştırılması gerekliliği ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, Arap şiirinin modern psikoterap&amp;ouml;tik yaklaşımlar &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde bir ara&amp;ccedil; olarak değerlendirilme potansiyeline sahip olduğu, &amp;ouml;zellikle bireysel stresin azaltılması ve duygusal dengenin teşviki a&amp;ccedil;ısından işlevsel bir rol &amp;uuml;stlenebileceği vurgulanmaktadır. Araştırma, Arap şiirinin yalnızca estetik bir sanat formu ya da eğlence aracı olmadığını; bilakis insan ruhunun derinliklerine n&amp;uuml;fuz etmeyi ve onunla anlamlı bir etkileşim kurmayı m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n kılan g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir ifade bi&amp;ccedil;imi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Arap şiiri hem edebiyat hem de psikoloji alanlarında disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşımla daha kapsamlı araştırmalara konu edilmesi gereken &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; bir &amp;ccedil;alışma nesnesi olarak değerlendirilmelidir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This study explores the psychological and emotional impact of Arabic poetry through a critical lens grounded in the Arab literary tradition. It argues that poetry transcends its aesthetic function to become a powerful expressive medium that penetrates the depths of the human psyche, evokes emotions, alleviates pain, and inspires reflection. Employing methods of psychological literary analysis, the research investigates how emotions and feelings are conveyed in classical Arabic poetry and how they affect both the poet and the audience. The study draws upon classical critical perspectives, such as those of Ibn Qutayba, al-Jahiz, and Ibn Tabataba, who emphasized poetry&amp;rsquo;s capacity to stir the emotions and influence the human heart across various emotional states. Furthermore, the study reveals the value of poetry as a powerful tool capable of addressing psychological conflicts and triggering positive emotions (joy, pleasure, hope). Attention is also drawn to its soothing effect on negative emotions such as sadness and anxiety. The insufficient establishment of the theoretical link between literary criticism and psychological analysis reveals the existing academic gaps in this field. In this context, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the psychological state of both the poet and the reader and poetry in a more comprehensive manner. In addition, it is emphasized that Arabic poetry has the potential to be evaluated as a tool within the framework of modern psychotherapeutic approaches, particularly in terms of reducing individual stress and promoting emotional balance. The research reveals that Arabic poetry is not merely an aesthetic art form or a means of entertainment; rather, it is a powerful form of expression that can penetrate the depths of the human soul and enable meaningful interaction with it. In this context, Arabic poetry should be considered a multifaceted subject of study that warrants more comprehensive research through an interdisciplinary approach in both literature and psychology. &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88603</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[219-234]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/41</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Cemaleddin Aksarayî’nin Hanefî Fıkhına Eleştirel Yaklaşımı: Hâşiye ʿAlâ Şerhi Mecmaʿi’l-Bahrayn Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Cemaleddin Aksarayi’s Critical Approach to Hanafi Jurisprudence: The Case of Hāshiya ʿalā Sharḥi Majmaʿ al-Bahrayn]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Saliha KAYA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sabri ERTURHAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hanefî Fıkhı, Şâfiî Mezhebi, Hâşiye, Mecmaʿu’l-Baḥrayn, Mezhep Eleştirisi, Cemâleddin Aksarâyî. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hanafi Jurisprudence, Shafiʿi School, Hāshiya, Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn, Madhhab Criticism, Cemâleddin Aksarâyî.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;div style="mso-element: para-border-div; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;"&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; border: none; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; margin: 3.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Cem&amp;acirc;leddin Mehmed Aksar&amp;acirc;y&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin H&amp;acirc;şiye al&amp;acirc; Şerḥi Mecmaʿi&amp;rsquo;l-Baḥrayn adlı eserine odaklanmakta ve onun Osmanlı&amp;rsquo;daki erken d&amp;ouml;nem fıkıh tartışmalarına katkılarını incelemektedir. Osmanlı ilim ve hukuk geleneğinde fıkh&amp;icirc; metinler &amp;uuml;zerine yazılan şerh ve h&amp;acirc;şiyeler, yalnızca klasik bilgilerin aktarımıyla sınırlı kalmayıp, eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncenin ve mezhep i&amp;ccedil;i yorum farklılıklarının gelişimine de zemin hazırlamıştır. Aksar&amp;acirc;y&amp;icirc;; kelam, mantık, tıp ve edebiyat gibi &amp;ccedil;eşitli alanlarda eser vermiş, Hanef&amp;icirc; ve Ş&amp;acirc;fi&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;evrelerle temasta bulunmuş &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; bir fakih olarak dikkat &amp;ccedil;eker. İncelenen h&amp;acirc;şiye, Hanef&amp;icirc; mezhebine y&amp;ouml;nelik &amp;ccedil;eşitli us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc; ve fıkh&amp;icirc; değerlendirmeler i&amp;ccedil;ermektedir. Metinde yer alan meseleler, &amp;ouml;rnek olarak besmele&amp;rsquo;nin F&amp;acirc;tiha&amp;rsquo;ya dahil olup olmaması, &amp;ouml;rf ve hiss&amp;icirc; algıların delil olarak kullanımı, namazların birleştirilmesi ve zek&amp;acirc;tla ilgili bazı yorumlar gibi tartışma alanları etrafında şekillenmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede Aksar&amp;acirc;y&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin, nasslara dayalı yorum, bağlam ve maksat vurgusu gibi metodolojik unsurları &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkaran bir yaklaşım benimsediği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, Cem&amp;acirc;leddin Aksar&amp;acirc;y&amp;icirc;, yalnızca gelenek aktaran bir m&amp;uuml;derris değil, aynı zamanda eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nebilen, metodolojik sorgulama yapabilen ve &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; bir fıkıh anlayışı geliştirebilen bir &amp;acirc;lim olarak değerlendirilmektedir. H&amp;acirc;şiye al&amp;acirc; Şerḥi Mecmaʿi&amp;rsquo;l-Baḥrayn, mezhepler arası ilm&amp;icirc; etkileşim a&amp;ccedil;ısından dikkate değer bir &amp;ouml;rnek teşkil etmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;/div&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;div style="mso-element: para-border-div; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;"&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; border: none; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; margin: 3.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"&gt;This study focuses on Cemaleddin Mehmed Aksarayi&amp;rsquo;s Ḥāshiya ʿalā Sharḥ Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn and examines his contribution to early Ottoman legal discourse. In the Ottoman tradition of Islamic scholarship and jurisprudence, commentaries (sharḥ) and marginal notes (ḥāshiyas) written on fiqh texts were not limited to the transmission of classical knowledge but also played a key role in the development of critical thinking and intra-madhhab interpretation. Aksarayi, a versatile scholar who produced works in fields such as theology, logic, medicine, and literature, engaged with both Ḥanafī and Shāfiʿī scholarly circles. The ḥāshiya contains various methodological and jurisprudential evaluations related to the Ḥanafī school. The topics discussed revolve around issues such as whether the basmala is part of al-Fātiḥa, the use of custom and sensory perception as legal evidence, the combining of prayers, and certain interpretations related to zakāt. Through these examples, Aksarayi demonstrates an approach grounded in textual evidence, contextual analysis, and purpose-based reasoning. In conclusion, Aksarayi is presented not merely as a transmitter of traditional knowledge, but as a jurist capable of critical thought and methodological inquiry. His work, Ḥāshiya ʿalā Sharḥ Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn, stands as a notable example of scholarly interaction and critique within and between madhhabs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;/div&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88514</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2057-2072]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/42</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kuşaklararası Manevi Değer Aktarımı: Yaşlı Bakımı Öğrencilerinin Deneyimleri Üzerine Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Intergenerational Transmission of Spiritual Values: A Phenomenological Study on the Experiences of Elderly Care Students]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Funda ELDEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatma ULU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Kuşaklararası İletişim, Manevi Değer Aktarımı, Yaşlı Bakımı, Sosyal Öğrenme]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Psychology, Intergenerational Communication, Spiritual Value Transmission, Elderly Care, Social learning]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Bu araştırma, kuşaklararası manevi değer aktarımının yaşlı bakım &amp;ouml;ğrencilerinin deneyimleri bağlamında nasıl ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştiğini incelemektedir. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımıyla y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;len &amp;ccedil;alışmada, fenomenolojik desen kullanılmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma grubunu, bir devlet &amp;uuml;niversitesinin Yaşlı Bakımı programında &amp;ouml;ğrenim g&amp;ouml;ren ve yaşlı yetişkinlerle uygulamalı deneyimi bulunan 35 &amp;ouml;ğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılar ama&amp;ccedil;lı &amp;ouml;rnekleme y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle belirlenmiş; veri toplama s&amp;uuml;reci temalar tekrar etmeye başladığında veri doygunluğuna ulaşılarak sonlandırılmıştır. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şmeler aracılığıyla toplanmış; analiz s&amp;uuml;recinde tematik i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi adımları izlenmiş ve kodlama iki bağımsız araştırmacı tarafından y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lerek araştırmanın g&amp;uuml;venirliği sağlanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; ana tema elde edilmiştir: Birinci boyut olan &amp;ldquo;değer aktaran kişi&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla dede, babaanne ve anneanne gibi aile b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;klerini kapsamaktadır. İkinci boyut olan &amp;ldquo;aktarılan manevi değerler&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;klerinden &amp;ouml;ğrendiklerini ifade ettikleri aile, sevgi, saygı, sabır, merhamet ve &amp;ouml;zyeterlilik gibi temel değerleri i&amp;ccedil;ermektedir. &amp;Uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; boyut ise &amp;ldquo;yaşlıların değer aktarımındaki rol&amp;uuml;&amp;rdquo; olup değerlerin &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla nasihat, anılar ve yaşam deneyimlerine ilişkin paylaşımlar aracılığıyla aktarıldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin manevi değerleri yalnızca s&amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml; ifadeler yoluyla değil, b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;klerinin tutum ve davranışlarını g&amp;ouml;zlemleyerek de i&amp;ccedil;selleştirdiklerini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak &amp;ccedil;alışma, kuşaklararası etkileşimin &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin manevi gelişiminde belirleyici bir rol oynadığını ve yaşlı bireylerin k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel-manevi mirasın korunmasında temel aktarıcılar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;This research examines how intergenerational transmission of spiritual values occurs in the context of the experiences of elderly care students. Conducted using a qualitative research approach, the study employed a phenomenological design. The study group consisted of 35 students enrolled in the Elderly Care programme at a state university who had practical experience with elderly adults. Participants were selected using purposive sampling; the data collection process was terminated upon reaching data saturation when themes began to repeat. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews; thematic content analysis steps were followed during the analysis process, and coding was conducted by two independent researchers to ensure the reliability of the research. The analysis yielded three main themes: The first dimension, &amp;lsquo;the person transmitting values,&amp;rsquo; mostly encompasses family elders such as grandfathers, grandmothers, and great-grandmothers. The second dimension, &amp;lsquo;transmitted spiritual values,&amp;rsquo; includes fundamental values such as family, love, respect, patience, compassion, and self-sufficiency, which students stated they learned from their elders. The third dimension is the &amp;lsquo;role of the elderly in value transmission,&amp;rsquo; revealing that values are mostly transmitted through advice, memories, and sharing life experiences. The findings show that students internalise spiritual values not only through verbal expressions but also by observing the attitudes and behaviours of their elders. In conclusion, the study reveals that intergenerational interaction plays a decisive role in students' spiritual development and that older individuals are key transmitters in preserving cultural and spiritual heritage.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88498</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1893-1911]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/43</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Manevi Danışmanlık Alanının Toplumsal Cinsiyet Perspektifinden Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Evaluation of the Field of Spiritual Counseling from a Gender Perspective]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Harun TUNÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sümeyye Ayşe ÖZARSLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Sosyolojisi, Manevi Danışmanlık, Cinsiyet, Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Religion, Spiritual Counseling, Sex, Gender, Gender Inequality]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de din&amp;icirc; kurumların otoritesi altında y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;len ve hızla genişleyen manev&amp;icirc; danışmanlık alanını toplumsal cinsiyet odaklı bir perspektiften incelemektedir. Bu analizin temel motivasyonu hem manev&amp;icirc; danışmanlık eğitiminde hem de uygulama s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı değerlendirmelerin belirgin bi&amp;ccedil;imde eksik olması ve T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e literat&amp;uuml;rde bu kesişimi ele alan &amp;ccedil;alışmaların son derece sınırlı kalmasıdır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, toplumsal cinsiyeti merkeze alarak eleştirel bir tartışma başlatmayı, alanda sistematik bi&amp;ccedil;imde g&amp;ouml;z ardı edilen bir boyuta dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekmeyi ve daha eşitlik&amp;ccedil;i uygulamalar i&amp;ccedil;in bağlamsal &amp;ouml;neriler sunmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede manev&amp;icirc; danışmanlık; mevcut toplumsal cinsiyet &amp;ouml;nyargıları, kadınlara ve erkeklere k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel olarak atfedilen roller ve bu rollerin danışman&amp;ndash;danışan etkileşimlerini, mesleki hiyerarşileri ve danışmanlık s&amp;uuml;reci boyunca yaşanan deneyimsel farklılıkları nasıl şekillendirdiği &amp;uuml;zerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, kadınların sıklıkla &amp;ldquo;zayıf&amp;rdquo;, duygusal veya kırılgan; erkeklerin ise &amp;ldquo;g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml;&amp;rdquo;, akılcı ve otoriter olarak kodlandığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bu ikili yapı, kadınları manev&amp;icirc; rehberliğe daha fazla ihtiya&amp;ccedil; duyan kişiler olarak konumlandırmakta ve onların danışan ya da eğitim s&amp;uuml;recindeki katılımcılar olarak aşırı temsil edilmesine yol a&amp;ccedil;maktadır. Buna karşılık erkekler &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla danışman, eğitici veya kurumsal otorite rollerini &amp;uuml;stlenmekte; bu dinamik ise kadınların hiyerarşik baskıya ve olası manip&amp;uuml;lasyonlara karşı daha kırılgan h&amp;acirc;le gelmesine neden olmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;This study examines the rapidly expanding field of spiritual counseling in Turkey&amp;mdash;carried out largely under the authority of religious institutions&amp;mdash;from a gender-focused perspective. The primary motivation for this analysis stems from the notable absence of gender-based evaluations in both the training processes and the practical implementation of spiritual counseling, as well as the limited number of academic works in the Turkish literature that address this intersection. By foregrounding gender, the study seeks to initiate a critical discussion, draw attention to a systematically overlooked dimension of the field, and offer contextually grounded recommendations for more equitable practices. Within this framework, spiritual counseling is evaluated in relation to prevailing gender biases, the culturally informed roles assigned to women and men, and the ways these roles shape counselor&amp;ndash;counselee interactions, professional hierarchies, and experiential differences throughout the counseling process. The findings demonstrate that women are frequently coded as &amp;ldquo;weak,&amp;rdquo; emotional, or vulnerable, whereas men are classified as &amp;ldquo;strong,&amp;rdquo; rational, and authoritative. This dichotomous construction not only frames women as being more in need of spiritual guidance but also leads to their overrepresentation as counselees or trainees. In contrast, men predominantly occupy the roles of counselors, educators, or institutional authorities, a dynamic that increases women&amp;rsquo;s susceptibility to hierarchical pressure and potential manipulation within these settings.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88404</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2357-2374]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/44</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dünyasında Dil ve Eğitim Politikalarına Genel Bakış]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[General Overview of Language and Education Policies in the Arab World  *]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Rashad SEYİDOV ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dil politikası, Arapça eğitim politikası, iki dillilik, Modern Standart Arapça, çok dillilik, Arap dünyası, Arapçalaştırma.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Language policy, Arabic education policy, bilingualism, Modern Standard Arabic, multilingualism, Arab world, Arabicization.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Arap d&amp;uuml;nyasında dil ve eğitim politikaları, s&amp;ouml;m&amp;uuml;rgecilik mirası, k&amp;uuml;reselleşme s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;leri ve ulusal kimlik arayışları arasında şekillenen &amp;ccedil;ok katmanlı bir yapıya sahiptir. B&amp;ouml;lgedeki &amp;uuml;lkeler, Arap&amp;ccedil;ayı k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel birlikteliğin ve kimliğin temeli olarak koruma &amp;ccedil;abası i&amp;ccedil;indeyken modernleşme ve uluslararası rekabet hedefleri doğrultusunda yabancı dillere &amp;ouml;nemli bir yer vermektedir. Bu durum, eğitim sistemlerinde iki dillilik ve &amp;ccedil;ok dillilik politikalarının farklı bi&amp;ccedil;imlerde uygulanmasına yol a&amp;ccedil;maktadır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Bu makale, Arap&amp;ccedil;ada dil ve eğitim politikalarının tarihsel, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ve g&amp;uuml;ncel s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;ler bağlamında kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesini ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Araştırmanın temel hedefi, Arap d&amp;uuml;nyasında uygulanan dil politikalarının eğitim sistemleri &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkilerini, standart Arap&amp;ccedil;a ile yerel leh&amp;ccedil;eler arasındaki ilişkiyi, eğitimde yabancı dil kullanımını ve pedagojik uygulamaları ortaya koymaktır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi benimsenmiş olup veri toplama s&amp;uuml;recinde dok&amp;uuml;man analizi ve i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede resmi eğitim politikaları, m&amp;uuml;fredatlar, akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmalar ve ilgili belgeler sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, Arap&amp;ccedil;anın toplumsal, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ve siyasal boyutlarını a&amp;ccedil;ığa &amp;ccedil;ıkarmakta olup dil politikalarının &amp;ouml;ğrenme s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;leri, dil kimliği, leh&amp;ccedil;eler arası etkileşim ve pedagojik yaklaşımlar &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkilerini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Language and education policies in the Arab world are shaped by a complex interplay of colonial legacies, globalization processes, and the pursuit of national identity. While countries in the region strive to preserve Arabic as the foundation of cultural unity and identity, they also give significant importance to foreign languages in line with modernization and global competitiveness goals. This situation has led to diverse implementations of bilingual and multilingual policies within educational systems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;This article aims to provide a comprehensive examination of language and education policies in Arabic within historical, cultural, and contemporary contexts. The main objective of the study is to reveal the impact of language policies implemented in the Arab world on educational systems, the relationship between Standard Arabic and local dialects, the use of foreign languages in education, and related pedagogical practices. The study adopts a qualitative research approach, utilizing document analysis and content analysis techniques during data collection. Within this framework, official education policies, curricula, academic studies, and relevant documents were systematically analyzed. The findings highlight the social, cultural, and political dimensions of the Arabic language and demonstrate how language policies influence learning processes, linguistic identity, dialectal interactions, and pedagogical approaches.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88339</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[291-309]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/45</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslâm Siyaset Düşüncesinde Adalet, Emanet Ve Liyakat: Ampirik Dış Politika Analizi İçin Normatif Bir Model]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Justıce, Trust, And Merıt In Islamıc Polıtıcal Thought: A Normatıve Model For Empırıcal Foreıgn Polıcy Analysıs]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sıddık ARSLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Anahtar Kelimeler: İslam siyaset düşüncesi, adalet, emanet, liyakat, dış politika analizi, normatif model]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Keywords: Islamic political thought, justice, trust, merit, foreign policy analysis, normative model]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;zet:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt; Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, İslam siyaset d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinin temel yapı taşları olan adalet, emanet ve liyakat ilkelerinin modern dış politika analizine nasıl uyarlanabileceğini ele alan normatif-analitik bir model geliştirmektedir. Kur'an ve sahih hadislerden beslenen bu &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; ilke, binlerce yıllık entelekt&amp;uuml;el birikimin &amp;ccedil;ağdaş uluslararası ilişkiler disiplinine sistematik aktarımını temsil etmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın temel iddiası, devlet davranışının yalnızca g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; ve &amp;ccedil;ıkar hesaplarıyla değil, ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; tutarlılık ve normatif meşruiyet temelinde de değerlendirilmesi gerektiğidir. Adalet ilkesi, dış politika kararlarının hakkaniyet, denge ve orantılılık &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;tlerine g&amp;ouml;re şekillenmesini gerektirmektedir. Emanet ilkesi, diplomatik taahh&amp;uuml;tlere sadakati, kurumsal g&amp;uuml;venilirliği ve hesap verebilirliği zorunlu kılmaktadır. Liyakat ilkesi ise dış politika kadrolarının bilgi, deneyim ve ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; yetkinlik bakımından uygun kişilerden oluşmasını dayatmaktadır. Araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi olarak nitel, dok&amp;uuml;man incelemesine dayalı, y&amp;ouml;nlendirilmiş i&amp;ccedil;erik &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mlemesi benimsenmiştir. Bulgular, İsl&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; normatif ilkelere uygun hareket eden devletlerin uluslararası arenada ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; itibar kazandığını, yumuşak g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; kapasitelerinin arttığını ve uzun vadeli stratejik başarı elde ettiğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Tartışma b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;, normatif ile ampirik arasındaki geleneksel ayrımın aşılabileceğini ve İsl&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; ilkelerin hem olması gerekeni tanımladığını hem de olanı a&amp;ccedil;ıkladığını ortaya koymaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, uluslararası ilişkiler literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ne &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n katkılar sunmaktadır. Birincisi, İslam medeniyetinin siyasal bilgeliğini &amp;ccedil;ağdaş sosyal bilime kazandırmaktadır. İkincisi, normatif değerlendirmelerin dış politika analizinde nasıl kullanılabileceğine dair yeni bir y&amp;ouml;ntem &amp;ouml;nermektedir. &amp;Uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;, evrensel ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; ilkelerin farklı k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel bağlamlarda nasıl yorumlanabileceğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, adalet-emanet-liyakat &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;, dış politikanın ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; temellerini yeniden inşa etme imk&amp;acirc;nı sunmakta ve uluslararası sistemde daha adil, g&amp;uuml;venilir ve s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lebilir ilişkilerin kurulmasına katkı sağlayabilmektedir. Bu model, k&amp;uuml;resel d&amp;uuml;zende yalnızca g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;n değil, ahl&amp;acirc;kın da belirleyici olabileceğini g&amp;ouml;stermekte ve &amp;ccedil;ağdaş uluslararası ilişkilerin ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; krizine İslam medeniyetinin tarihsel birikiminden beslenen &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n bir cevap sunmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Abstract: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;This study develops a normative-analytical model that examines how the foundational principles of justice, trust, and merit in Islamic political thought can be adapted to modern foreign policy analysis. These three principles, derived from the Quran and authentic Hadiths, represent the systematic transfer of millennia-old intellectual accumulation into the contemporary discipline of international relations. The fundamental argument of the study is that state behavior should be evaluated not solely based on power and interest calculations but also on the basis of moral consistency and normative legitimacy. The principle of justice necessitates that foreign policy decisions be shaped according to criteria of equity, balance, and proportionality. The principle of trust mandates adherence to diplomatic commitments, institutional credibility, and accountability. The principle of merit requires that foreign policy cadres consist of individuals with appropriate knowledge, experience, and moral competence. The research employs a qualitative, document-based, directed content analysis method. Findings demonstrate that states acting in accordance with Islamic normative principles gain moral prestige in the international arena, increase their soft power capacity, and achieve long-term strategic success. The discussion section reveals that the traditional dichotomy between normative and empirical dimensions can be transcended, and Islamic principles both define what ought to be and explain what is. The study makes distinctive contributions to international relations literature. First, it integrates the political wisdom of Islamic civilization into contemporary social science. Second, it proposes a novel methodology for how normative assessments can be utilized in foreign policy analysis. Third, it demonstrates how universal moral principles can be interpreted within different cultural contexts. In conclusion, the justice-trust-merit triad offers the possibility of reconstructing the moral foundations of foreign policy and can contribute to establishing more just, reliable, and sustainable relations in the international system. This model demonstrates that not only power but also morality can be determinant in the global order, presenting an original response to the moral crisis of contemporary international relations, drawing from the historical accumulation of Islamic civilization.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88321</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1659-1701]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/46</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Cumhuriyet Dönemi Tefsirlerinde Elmalılı Etkisi: Kadının Sosyal Konumu ve Hakları Bağlamında]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Elmalılı Effect on Republican Era Commentaries: In the Context of Women's Social Position and Rights]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Betül Sena GÜL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hasan YILMAZ -]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Elmalılı M. Hamdi Yazır, Hak Dini Kuran Dili, Cumhuriyet Dönemi Tefsirleri, Kadın. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Elmalılı M. Hamdi Yazır, Hak Dini Kuran Dili, Commentaries of the Republic Period, Woman.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Modernleşmeyle birlikte toplumlarda bir&amp;ccedil;ok şeyle beraber kadının konumu ve haklarına bakış ve yorumlayış da değişmiştir. Bu değişimden M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man toplumlar da nasibini almıştır. Asırlar &amp;ouml;ncesinden insanlığa zaman ve mek&amp;acirc;n &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml; mesajlar ileten Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın, kadınlar &amp;ouml;zelinde verdiği mesajlar n&amp;uuml;zul s&amp;uuml;recinin ilk d&amp;ouml;nemlerinden g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze değin farklı şekillerde yorumlanmıştır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle kadının tesett&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;, kadının şahitliği, kadının miras hakkı ve &amp;ccedil;alışma hayatında kadının konumu vb. konular &amp;uuml;zerine yapılan yorumların doğurduğu tartışmalar varlığını s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;rmektedir. Kuran&amp;rsquo;ın &amp;ccedil;eşitli konuları &amp;uuml;zerine yorumlar getiren m&amp;uuml;fessirler zaman zaman birbirlerinden etkilenmişlerdir. Cumhuriyet D&amp;ouml;nemi&amp;rsquo;nin ilk tefsirini yazan&lt;strong&gt; Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;rsquo;ın, yorumlarıyla sonraki m&amp;uuml;fessirleri etkilemiş olma ihtimali olduk&amp;ccedil;a y&amp;uuml;ksektir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı da Yazır&amp;rsquo;ın &lt;em&gt;Hak Dini Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n Dili&lt;/em&gt; adlı tefsirinde kadınlarla ilgili birtakım &amp;acirc;yetlere yapmış olduğu yorumları inceleyerek sonraki yıllarda yazılmış olan tefsirlerde etkisini ve bu etkinin boyutunu saptamaktır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada &amp;ldquo;Kadınların Sosyal Konumu ve Hakları&amp;rdquo; genel başlığı altında &amp;ldquo;kadının tesett&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;kadının şahitliği&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;kadının miras hakkı&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;&amp;ccedil;alışma hayatında kadın&amp;rdquo; konuları ele alınmıştır. Bu konuları muhtevi &amp;acirc;yetler, &amp;ouml;ncelikle Yazır&amp;rsquo;ın &lt;em&gt;Hak Dini Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n Dili&lt;/em&gt; tefsirinde, ardından aynı &amp;acirc;yetlere Cumhuriyet D&amp;ouml;nemi&amp;rsquo;nde kaleme alınan belirli tefsirlerde getirilen yorumlar incelenmiştir. Elmalılı&amp;rsquo;nın bu tefsirler &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisi ve bu etkinin boyutu kadınlarla ilgili &amp;acirc;yetler &amp;ouml;zelinde ortaya konulmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma neticesinde Elmalılı&amp;rsquo;nın g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerinin Cumhuriyet d&amp;ouml;nemindeki bazı m&amp;uuml;fessirler tarafından doğrudan benimsendiği, ancak bazıları tarafından da d&amp;ouml;nemsel değişimler doğrultusunda yeniden yorumlandığı tespit edilmiştir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;With the advent of modernization, perspectives on the status and rights of women&amp;mdash;among many other aspects of society&amp;mdash;have undergone significant changes. Muslim societies, too, have been affected by this transformation. The Qur&amp;rsquo;an, which has conveyed timeless and universal messages to humanity for centuries, has been interpreted in various ways with regard to women since the early stages of its revelation up to the present day. Topics such as women&amp;rsquo;s veiling (hijab), testimony, inheritance rights, and their role in working life have long been subjects of interpretation and ongoing debate. Commentators (mufassirs) who have provided exegeses on different subjects in the Qur&amp;rsquo;an have often influenced one another. As the author of the first Qur&amp;rsquo;anic exegesis of the Republican Era, it is highly likely that Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır influenced later exegetes with his interpretations. The aim of this study is to examine Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır&amp;rsquo;s interpretations of certain verses related to women in his tafsir &lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"&gt;Hak Dini Kur&amp;rsquo;an Dili&lt;/span&gt; and to determine the extent of his influence on later tafsir works written during the Republican period. Within the broader topic of women&amp;rsquo;s social status and rights, the study focuses on four key areas: women&amp;rsquo;s veiling, women&amp;rsquo;s testimony, women&amp;rsquo;s inheritance rights, and the position of women in working life. The verses pertaining to these topics are first analyzed in the context of Elmalılı&amp;rsquo;s tafsir, followed by an examination of how the same verses have been interpreted in selected tafsir works from the Republican period. The study attempts to reveal the nature and scope of Elmalılı&amp;rsquo;s influence on interpretations of verses concerning women. The findings indicate that Elmalılı&amp;rsquo;s views were directly adopted by some exegetes of the Republican period, while others reinterpreted these views in light of changing socio-historical contexts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88305</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1935-1958]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/47</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Nahiv İlmindeki Yorum Farklılıklarının Kur’ân Âyetlerinin Anlam Zemini Üzerindeki Etkisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Impact of Grammatical Diversity on Enriching the Interpretative Meanings of Qur’anic Verses]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mohamed ABDELREHEM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mahmud KADDUM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili, Nahiv, İ‘râb, Kur’ân Tefsiri, Nahiv İlminde Yorum Farklılıkları, Tefsirî Anlam Zenginliği]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language, Syntax, Iʿrāb, Qur’anic Exegesis, Grammatical Diversity, Interpretative Enrichment]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Arap&amp;ccedil;a nahiv (i&amp;lsquo;rab) ile tefsir arasındaki b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nleyici ilişkiyi merkeze alarak Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m &amp;acirc;yetlerinin yorumunda nahiv ilmindeki yorum farklılıklarının&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&amp;ouml;zellikle alternatif i&amp;lsquo;rab &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mlemelerinin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;anlamı nasıl zenginleştirdiğini ortaya koymayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m, Arap dili ilimlerinin teşekk&amp;uuml;l ettiği ana eksen olmuş; i&amp;lsquo;rab ise şer&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc; metinleri kavramak ve delaletlerini tespit etmek i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;acirc;limlerin başvurduğu temel ara&amp;ccedil;lardan biri h&amp;acirc;line gelmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, nahiv ile tefsir arasındaki bu b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nleyici bağın g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r kılınması ve farklı i&amp;lsquo;rab y&amp;ouml;nlendirmelerinin, anlam ufuklarını nasıl &amp;ccedil;oğalttığını a&amp;ccedil;ıklaması a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. B&amp;ouml;ylece Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; ifadenin genişliği ve zenginliği belirginleşmektedir. Araştırma, &amp;ldquo;Nahiv ilmindeki yorum farklılıkları, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n &amp;acirc;yetlerinin tefsirini ve anlamlarının zenginleşmesini nasıl etkiler?&amp;rdquo; sorusunu merkeze almaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede &amp;ccedil;alışma, betimsel-analitik bir y&amp;ouml;ntem izleyerek Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;in muhtelif s&amp;ucirc;&amp;shy;relerinden se&amp;ccedil;ilen ve birden &amp;ccedil;ok i&amp;lsquo;rab ihtimali taşıyan 22 &amp;ouml;rneği incelemiş; alternatif i&amp;lsquo;rab &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mlemelerinin tefsirdeki &amp;ccedil;eşitliliğe nasıl yansıdığını takip etmiştir. Bulgular, i&amp;lsquo;rabın sadece bi&amp;ccedil;imsel bir uğraş olmayıp Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; s&amp;ouml;ylemin maksatlarını a&amp;ccedil;ıklamada asl&amp;icirc; bir semantik ara&amp;ccedil; olduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Nahiv &amp;acirc;limleri arasındaki y&amp;ouml;nlendirme farklılıkları, tefsirdeki zenginliğin ve anlam &amp;ccedil;okluğunun başlıca kaynaklarındandır; buna rağmen Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n metni, i&amp;ccedil; tutarlılığını ve i&amp;lsquo;c&amp;acirc;zını muhafaza etmektedir. Ayrıca araştırma, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;i doğru bi&amp;ccedil;imde anlamanın Arap&amp;ccedil;anın yapısal ve &amp;uuml;slup imk&amp;acirc;nlarına ileri d&amp;uuml;zeyde vuk&amp;ucirc;fiyeti gerektirdiğini; metnin i&amp;lsquo;c&amp;acirc;zının &amp;acirc;yetlerin kuruluşuna ve i&amp;lsquo;rab hareketlerine kadar uzandığını ve bunların kimi zaman anlamda esaslı farklılıklara yol a&amp;ccedil;abildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak &amp;ccedil;alışma, bu alanda uygulamaya ve istatistiksel y&amp;ouml;nteme dayalı araştırmaların genişletilmesini, nahiv &amp;ccedil;alışmalarının makāsıd&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;ş-şer&amp;icirc;a ile irtibatlandırılmasını ve i&amp;lsquo;rab vecihlerinin arama yapılabilir nitelikte kataloglandırıldığı veri tabanlarının oluşturulmasını &amp;ouml;nermektedir. Bu doğrultuda, s&amp;ouml;z konusu girişimlerin &amp;ccedil;ağdaş tefsirin geliştirilmesine ve zenginleştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;This study explores the impact of grammatical diversity on enriching the interpretative meanings of Qur&amp;rsquo;anic verses by examining the intrinsic relationship between Arabic syntax (&lt;em&gt;nahw&lt;/em&gt;) and Qur&amp;rsquo;anic exegesis (&lt;em&gt;tafsīr&lt;/em&gt;). The Qur&amp;rsquo;an has long constituted the central axis around which Arabic linguistic sciences evolved, and &lt;em&gt;iʿrāb&lt;/em&gt;&amp;mdash;the system of grammatical inflection&amp;mdash;has been one of the principal tools employed by scholars to comprehend sacred texts and determine their semantic indications. The study highlights the integrative link between syntax and interpretation, demonstrating how divergent grammatical analyses can open multiple horizons of meaning, thereby revealing the breadth and richness of Qur&amp;rsquo;anic expression.&lt;br&gt;Employing both descriptive and analytical methods, the research investigates twenty-two examples selected from various Qur&amp;rsquo;anic chapters that feature multiple grammatical possibilities, tracing how alternative &lt;em&gt;iʿrāb&lt;/em&gt; analyses manifest in interpretative diversity. The findings show that &lt;em&gt;iʿrāb&lt;/em&gt; is not a merely formal discipline but a fundamental semantic instrument that clarifies the intended meanings of Qur&amp;rsquo;anic discourse. Differences among grammarians in syntactic orientation are a key source of interpretative plurality and semantic depth, while the Qur&amp;rsquo;anic text itself retains its internal coherence and inimitable eloquence.&lt;br&gt;Furthermore, the study emphasizes that accurate comprehension of the Qur&amp;rsquo;an requires advanced mastery of the Arabic language&amp;rsquo;s structural and stylistic capacities. The text&amp;rsquo;s miraculous nature extends to the syntactic architecture and inflectional patterns that can at times yield essential shifts in meaning. The research concludes by recommending broader application&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;based and statistical studies in this field, the integration of grammatical studies with &lt;em&gt;maqāṣid al-sharīʿa&lt;/em&gt; (the higher objectives of Islamic law), and the creation of searchable databases cataloging &lt;em&gt;iʿrāb&lt;/em&gt; variations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;mdash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;all of which would contribute to the advancement and enrichment of contemporary Qur&amp;rsquo;anic interpretation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88304</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[1-29]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/48</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslâm Ceza Muhakemesinde Karine: Delil Teorisi ve Modern Ceza Muhakemesiyle Karşılaştırma]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Oath in Islamic Criminal Procedure: Theory of Evidence and a Comparison with Modern Criminal Procedure]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed Emin AK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukuku, Modern Hukuk, İspat Vasıtaları, Karine, Belirti]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Law, Modern Law, Means of Proof, Presumption, Symptom]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Teknolojik gelişmeler bir&amp;ccedil;ok alanda olduğu gibi ceza ispat hukukuna da katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu katkısıyla su&amp;ccedil;luyu g&amp;uuml;venilir bir yolla tespite imk&amp;acirc;n sağlayarak adalete hizmet etmektedir. Teknolojinin sunduğu pozitif katkının klasik ceza ispat hukuku &amp;uuml;zerinde etkisinin olup olmadığı ise araştırılmaya değer bir konudur. İslam hukukunda karine, modern hukukta ise belirti kavramıyla ifade edilen delilin ceza davalarında ispata esas alınıp alınamayacağının g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde tartışılması anlamsızdır. Burada tartışılması gereken modern gelişmelerin ispat hukuku i&amp;ccedil;erisindeki katkısı ve sınırıdır. Teknoloji ile karinenin/belirtinin ş&amp;acirc;hitlik ve yeminden hatta ikrardan bile daha g&amp;uuml;venilir bir delil boyutu kazandığı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. İsl&amp;acirc;m muhakeme hukukunun karine kelimesine y&amp;uuml;klediği anlam ile modern muhakeme hukukunun belirti kavramına y&amp;uuml;klediği anlam arasında b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir fark vardır. Bu fark, teknolojik gelişmelerin sonucudur. İsl&amp;acirc;m ceza muhakemesi hukuku bağlamında mezheplerin karinelere yaklaşımı farklılık arz etmektedir. Hanef&amp;icirc;ler, Ş&amp;acirc;fi&amp;icirc;ler ve Hanbel&amp;icirc;ler&amp;rsquo;in de bir kısmına g&amp;ouml;re, kısas ve hadlerde karinelerin h&amp;uuml;kme mesnet edilememesi esas alınmaktadır. Konuya İsl&amp;acirc;m ceza siyaseti ve mak&amp;acirc;sıdı a&amp;ccedil;ısından bakıldığında ise net ve ağır bir ceza şekli olan hadlerin ispatı son derece g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;leştirilmektedir. Hadler en ufak bir ş&amp;uuml;pheyle d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lmekte, adeta uygulanmamak i&amp;ccedil;in sebepler aranmaktadır.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;İsl&amp;acirc;m ceza hukukunda hadlerde asıl olan setretmektir prensibi benimsenmektedir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bu da g&amp;ouml;stermektedir ki had cezaları su&amp;ccedil;luyu cezalandırmaktan &amp;ccedil;ok su&amp;ccedil;ları engellemeye y&amp;ouml;neliktir. Bu makalede kısas ve hadlerde naslar tarafından tayin edilen su&amp;ccedil;ların, naslar tarafından tayin edilen cezalarla cezalandırılması i&amp;ccedil;in naslar tarafından tayin edilen beyyinelerin aranması gerektiği kanaatine ulaşılmıştır. Ancak modern imk&amp;acirc;nların sanığın lehine kullanılması ve su&amp;ccedil;suz ise bu su&amp;ccedil;suzluğunun ispatlanması y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k katkıları olacaktır. Diğer taraftan nasların su&amp;ccedil; saydığı konular, eğer nassın tayin etmediği ispat imk&amp;acirc;nları ile ispat edilmişse, bu durumda yapılması gereken bu su&amp;ccedil;ların ta&amp;lsquo;z&amp;icirc;r grubu kapsamında cezalandırılması, bu yolla su&amp;ccedil;un cezasız kalmaması, haksızlıkların ve zulm&amp;uuml;n giderilmesidir. Kısaslarda ise aynı durum s&amp;ouml;z konusu olduğunda kısasa bedel diğer cezalar ile h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;m verilmelidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Technological developments have significantly influenced criminal evidence law, offering reliable methods for identifying offenders and enhancing the administration of justice. These advancements have raised questions about their impact on classical doctrines, particularly regarding the evidentiary role of presumption in both Islamic and modern legal systems. In Islamic law, the concept of qarīnah (presumption) traditionally holds limited evidentiary value, especially in cases involving ḥadd (fixed) and qiṣāṣ (retaliatory) punishments. The dominant view among the Ḥanafī, Shāfiʿī, and many Ḥanbalī scholars is that such cases must be proven through explicit, scripturally defined evidence. This strict standard stems from Islamic criminal policy and the objectives of Sharia (maqāṣid al-sharīʿa), which emphasize caution in applying severe penalties. The maxim &amp;ldquo;ḥudūd are to be suspended in case of doubt&amp;rdquo; reflects a preference for deterrence over punitive enforcement. In contrast, modern legal systems allow for broader use of indicators or circumstantial evidence. Technology has further enhanced their reliability, sometimes even surpassing traditional forms like witness testimony or confession. This paper argues that while divine legal boundaries must be respected in ḥadd and qiṣāṣ cases, modern evidentiary tools can play a crucial role in favor of the accused. If crimes defined by sacred texts are established through contemporary means not specified in scripture, punishment under taʿzīr (discretionary penalties) should be applied to prevent impunity. In qiṣāṣ cases lacking definitive evidence, alternatives such as diyah (blood money) or imprisonment are appropriate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88281</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1599-1619]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/49</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Müslim’in Sahîhi’nin Mukaddimesindeki Hadis Usûlü ile Alakalı Meseleler (Münker, Mürsel, Mevzû ve Garîb Bağlamında)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Matters Related to Hadith Usul in the Remembrance of Muslim Sahihi (In the Context of Munker, Musel, Legislation and Garib]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Reşit ÖZTÜRK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Harun Reşit DEMİREL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Sahih, Mukaddime, Müslim, Usûl]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Sahih, Mukaddima, Muslim, Methodology ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;S&amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml;kte &amp;ldquo;&amp;ouml;ne ge&amp;ccedil;mek&amp;rdquo; anlamındaki kud&amp;uuml;m mastarından t&amp;uuml;reyen ve &amp;ldquo;&amp;ouml;nde bulunan, &amp;ouml;ne ge&amp;ccedil;en&amp;rdquo; anlamlarını i&amp;ccedil;eren mukaddime kelimesi, başlangı&amp;ccedil;ta ordunun &amp;ouml;nc&amp;uuml; birliklerini ifade etmek &amp;uuml;zere &amp;ldquo;mukaddimet&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-ceyş&amp;rdquo; şeklinde kullanılmış, buradan istiare yoluyla kitaplarda ve ilm&amp;icirc; metinlerde giriş, &amp;ouml;ns&amp;ouml;z ve sunuş kısmını ifade eden terim h&amp;acirc;line gelmiştir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Kitapların giriş kısmındaki mukaddimeleri incelemek, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;deki &lt;em&gt;&amp;ldquo;Evlerinize kapılarından giriniz&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt; (el-Bakara, 2/189) ilkesinin ilm&amp;icirc; geleneğe yansıması olarak değerlendirilebilir. Zira bu b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mlerin bilinmemesi, bir eserin ilm&amp;icirc; y&amp;ouml;nteminin ve yapısının doğru anlaşılmasını g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;leştirmektedir. Hadis kaynakları, İsl&amp;acirc;m ilim geleneğinde hadis us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;uuml; ilminin temel dayanakları arasında yer almakta olup, bu eserlerdeki mukaddimeler m&amp;uuml;ellifin eserine kazandırdığı metodolojik perspektif bakımından &amp;ouml;zel bir &amp;ouml;neme sahiptir. Zira bu b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mlerde m&amp;uuml;ellifler, telif ama&amp;ccedil;larını, takip ettikleri y&amp;ouml;ntemleri, istimal ettikleri terimleri ve kendilerine &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml; rumuzları a&amp;ccedil;ıklamış; ayrıca sahih rivayetleri hatalı ve sakim rivayetlerden ayırmaya y&amp;ouml;nelik ilm&amp;icirc; kaideleri ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle hadis kitaplarının mukaddimeleri yalnızca metnin giriş kısmı değil, hadis us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n temel ilkelerini yansıtan ilm&amp;icirc; kaynaklar niteliğindedir. &amp;ldquo;Hicr&amp;icirc; &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; asır&amp;rdquo; olarak bilinen tasnif d&amp;ouml;neminde kaleme alınan ilk mukaddimeler, s&amp;ouml;z konusu geleneğin oluşum ve sistemleşmesinde belirleyici bir rol &amp;uuml;stlenmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, İmam M&amp;uuml;slim&amp;rsquo;in el-C&amp;acirc;miʿu&amp;rsquo;s-Sah&amp;icirc;h adlı eserinin mukaddimesinde yer alan hadis us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;uuml;ne dair bazı konular ele alınmıştır. Konunun genişliği sebebiyle inceleme, m&amp;uuml;nker, m&amp;uuml;rsel, mevz&amp;ucirc; ve gar&amp;icirc;b hadislerle ilgili b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mlerle sınırlandırılmış; ilgili kavramlar M&amp;uuml;slim&amp;rsquo;in metodolojik yaklaşımı &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde değerlendirilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Deriving from the verbal noun kud&amp;uuml;m, meaning &amp;ldquo;to come forward,&amp;rdquo; the term mukaddima originally referred to the vanguard units of an army, expressed as mukaddimat al-jaysh. Through metaphorical extension, it later came to denote the introductory section, foreword, or preface of books and scholarly works. Examining the mukaddimas placed at the beginning of such works may be regarded as a reflection of the Qur&amp;rsquo;anic principle, &amp;ldquo;Enter houses through their doors&amp;rdquo; (al-Baqara, 2/189), within the intellectual tradition. Indeed, ignoring these sections often prevents a correct understanding of a work&amp;rsquo;s methodological framework and scholarly structure. Hadith sources constitute one of the fundamental bases of hadith methodology within the Islamic scholarly tradition, and the mukaddimas of these works hold particular significance due to the methodological perspective conveyed by their authors. In these sections, authors clarify their aims, the methods they adopt, the terminology and symbols they employ, and the scholarly principles established to distinguish authentic narrations from weak or defective ones. Therefore, the mukaddimas of hadith books are not merely introductory passages but serve as essential scholarly sources reflecting the core principles of hadith methodology. The earliest mukaddimas, written during the &amp;ldquo;third century AH,&amp;rdquo; known as the classification period, played a decisive role in shaping and systematizing this tradition. This study examines several issues related to hadith methodology found in the introduction of Imam Muslim&amp;rsquo;s al-Jāmi&amp;lsquo; al-Sahīh. Due to the breadth of the topic, the research is limited to the sections concerning munkar, mursal, mawdu&amp;lsquo;, and gharib narrations, and these concepts are evaluated within the framework of Muslim&amp;rsquo;s methodological approach.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88208</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2193-2210]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/50</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kültürlerarası Ahlaki Eğilimlerin Nicel Sentezi: Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) Sonuçlarının Meta-Analitik İncelemesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Cross-Cultural Moral Tendencies: A Meta-Analytic Review of Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) Findings]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Derya KAYIRAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Eğitim Bilimleri, Ahlaki Temeller Ölçeği (Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ)), Ahlaki Temeller Teorisi, Meta-analiz, Değerler]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Educational Sciences, Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ), Moral Foundations Theory, Meta-analysis,  Values]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Bu araştırmanın amacı, Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eğini kullanan ulusal ve uluslararası &amp;ccedil;alışmaların bulgularını bir araya getirerek, &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eğin genel etki b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;kl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ve psikometrik tutarlılığını meta-analiz y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle incelemektir. MFQ, bireylerin ahlaki yargılarını beş temel boyutta (&lt;em&gt;Care/Harm, Fairness/Cheating, Loyalty/Betrayal, Authority/Subversion, Purity/Degradation)&lt;/em&gt; değerlendiren, evrensel nitelikte bir &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;me aracıdır.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Bu kapsamda, 2010&amp;ndash;2024 yılları arasında yayımlanmış ve MFQ&amp;rsquo;yu doğrudan kullanan altı bağımsız &amp;ccedil;alışma analize d&amp;acirc;hil edilmiştir. Araştırmaların se&amp;ccedil;imi PRISMA y&amp;ouml;nergesi doğrultusunda ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiş; etki b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;kl&amp;uuml;kleri Hedges&amp;rsquo;s g istatistiğiyle hesaplanmıştır. Analizler Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA v3.0) yazılımı kullanılarak y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Rastgele etkiler modeli sonu&amp;ccedil;larına g&amp;ouml;re MFQ&amp;rsquo;nun genel etki b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;kl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; g = 3.259 (%95 GA = 2.808 &amp;ndash; 3.711, p &amp;lt; .001) olarak bulunmuştur. Bu değer, Cohen&amp;rsquo;in (1988) sınıflamasına g&amp;ouml;re &amp;ldquo;b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k d&amp;uuml;zeyde etki&amp;rdquo; kategorisine karşılık gelmektedir. Heterojenlik analizinde Q(5)=1683.489,p&amp;lt;.001Q(5) = 1683.489, p &amp;lt; .001Q(5)=1683.489,p&amp;lt;.001 ve I2=99.70%I&amp;sup2; = 99.70\%I2=99.70% değerleri elde edilmiştir; bu durum, &amp;ccedil;alışmalar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Yayın yanlılığı testleri (Huni grafiği, Begg ve Mazumdar; Egger; Duval ve Tweedie) sonucunda k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;rneklem etkisine bağlı sınırlı bir asimetri g&amp;ouml;zlenmiş, ancak Classic Fail-safe N = 2518 değeri, sonu&amp;ccedil;ların y&amp;uuml;ksek d&amp;uuml;zeyde kararlı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Elde edilen bulgular, MFQ&amp;rsquo;nun farklı k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rlerde ve &amp;ouml;rneklemlerde ahlaki temelleri g&amp;uuml;venilir bi&amp;ccedil;imde &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;ebildiğini, &amp;ouml;zellikle &lt;em&gt;Care&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;Fairness&lt;/em&gt;boyutlarının evrensel nitelikte y&amp;uuml;ksek tutarlılık g&amp;ouml;sterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak MFQ, ahlaki psikoloji, eğitim etiği ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rler arası değer araştırmaları alanlarında ge&amp;ccedil;erli ve g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;me aracı olarak değerlendirilmektedir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;This study aims to conduct a meta-analytic review of national and international research utilizing the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ), synthesizing findings to determine its overall effect size and psychometric consistency. The MFQ is a universal tool designed to assess individuals&amp;rsquo; moral judgments across five foundational domains: Care/Harm, Fairness/Cheating, Loyalty/Betrayal, Authority/Subversion, and Purity/Degradation.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Six independent studies published between 2010 and 2024, each directly employing the MFQ, were included based on PRISMA guidelines. Effect sizes were calculated using Hedges&amp;rsquo;s&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;, and analyses were performed via Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA v3.0) software.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Under the random-effects model, the overall effect size was found to be&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 3.259 (95% CI = 2.808&amp;ndash;3.711,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; .001), indicating a "large effect" according to Cohen&amp;rsquo;s (1988) criteria. Heterogeneity analysis revealed significant variability among studies (Q(5) = 1683.489,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; .001; I&amp;sup2; = 99.70%), suggesting meaningful differences across samples. Publication bias tests (funnel plot, Begg and Mazumdar, Egger, Duval and Tweedie) indicated limited asymmetry due to small-sample effects; however, the Classic Fail-safe N = 2518 supports the robustness of the findings.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Results demonstrate that the MFQ reliably measures moral foundations across diverse cultures and samples, with Care and Fairness dimensions showing particularly high consistency. In conclusion, the MFQ is validated as a strong and culturally adaptable tool for research in moral psychology, ethics education, and cross-cultural value studies.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88177</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2073-2102]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/51</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Postmodern Dönemde Aile Krizi ve Kur’ân’ın Fıtrat ve Takva Merkezli Aile Modeli]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Family Crisis in the Postmodern Era and the Qur’an’s Fitrah- and Taqwa-Based Family Model]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ayşe Betül ORUÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Kur’ân, postmodernizm, aile, fıtrat, takva.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Qur’an, postmodernism, family, fiṭrah (human nature), taqwa (God-consciousness).]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Modernizmin ardından ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan postmodern d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce, sadece sosyal, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ve ekonomik alanları değil, aynı zamanda insanlığın en temel kurumu olan aileyi de tartışmaya a&amp;ccedil;mıştır. Postmodern anlayış bireysellik ve &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k meselesini merkeze alarak aileyi, bireyi kısıtlayan ve toplumsal işlevini kaybeden bir yapı haline d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;rmektedir. Bu anlayışa sahip olanlar bireyin &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; sınırlandırdığı iddia edilen toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarına ve &amp;ccedil;ocuk d&amp;uuml;nyaya getirme konusuna karşı birtakım itirazlarını sıralamaktadır. Aileye y&amp;ouml;nelik bu iddialar neticesinde postmodern d&amp;ouml;nemde aile krizi ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır. Bu kriz bireyi yalnız, huzursuz ve bunalımlı bir hale getirirken toplumsal hayatın temellerini sarsmakta ve toplumda &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;lmelere sebep olmaktadır. Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın insan fıtratını ve davranışlara y&amp;ouml;n veren takvayı merkeze alan aile modelinin yaşanan bu krize &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;m sunan bir model olduğu d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;lmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada postmodern d&amp;ouml;nemde aile kurumuna y&amp;ouml;neltilen iddialar karşısında Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın aile modeli ortaya konmaktadır. Son d&amp;ouml;nemde bireyin ve toplumun yaşadığı buhran karşısında bu modelin temel paradigmalarıyla kalıcı ve s&amp;uuml;rekli bir &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;m sunmak ama&amp;ccedil;lanmaktadır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;After modernism, postmodern thought has brought into question not only the social, cultural, and economic spheres but also humanity&amp;rsquo;s most fundamental institution: the family. Postmodern understanding, by centering on individuality and freedom, transforms the family into a structure that restricts the individual and loses its social function. Those who adopt this view put forward various objections regarding social gender roles&amp;mdash;claimed to limit individual freedom&amp;mdash;and the matter of procreation. As a result of such objections to the family, a family crisis has emerged in the postmodern era. This crisis renders the individual lonely, restless, and distressed, while shaking the very foundations of social life and leading to disintegration within society.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;It is thought that the Qur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;s family model, which places human nature (fitrah) and piety (taqw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;) at its center, offers a solution to this crisis. This study seeks to present the Qur&amp;rsquo;anic model of the family in the face of the claims directed against the institution of the family in the postmodern period. Through the fundamental paradigms of this model, it is aimed to provide a lasting and sustainable resolution to the individual and societal turmoil experienced in recent times.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88133</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2163-2179]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/52</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Minyatürlü Kısas-ı Enbıyâ Nüshalarında Cebrail Fıgürlü Kompozisyonlar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Compositions Featuring The Figure Of Gabriel In Illustrated Manuscripts  Of Qisas Al-Anbiya]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Seçil SEVER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Geleneksel Türk Sanatları, Minyatür Sanatı, Kısas-ı Enbiya, Hz. İbrahim, Melek, Cebrail, New York Public Library, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Bibliothèque Nationale de France]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Traditional Turkish  Arts, Miniature Art, Qisas Al-Anbiya, Prophet Abraham, Angel, Gabriel, New York Public Library, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Bibliothèque Nationale de France]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı, 16. y&amp;uuml;zyıl Safev&amp;icirc; d&amp;ouml;neminde &amp;uuml;retilmiş minyat&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml; Kısas-ı Enbiy&amp;acirc; n&amp;uuml;shalarındaki Cebrail fig&amp;uuml;rlerini; resim-metin ilişkisi, tasarım &amp;ouml;zellikleri ve kompozisyondaki yeri ile &amp;ouml;nemi a&amp;ccedil;ısından, d&amp;ouml;nemin estetik ve &amp;uuml;retim anlayışı &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Minyat&amp;uuml;r sanatı, el yazması eserlerde anlatıyı g&amp;ouml;rsel olarak destekleyen ve zenginleştiren &amp;ouml;nemli bir unsurdur. Tarih boyunca farklı toplumlarda siyaset, bilim, tıp, edebiyat, tarih ve din gibi bir&amp;ccedil;ok alanda el yazması eserler &amp;uuml;retilmiştir. Bu eserler arasında, evrenin yaratılışından başlayarak Hz. &amp;Acirc;dem, Hz. İbr&amp;acirc;him, Hz. &amp;Icirc;s&amp;acirc; ve Hz. Muhammed gibi peygamberlerin hayat hik&amp;acirc;yeleri, mucizeleri ve &amp;ouml;ğ&amp;uuml;t verici olaylarını i&amp;ccedil;eren Kısas-ı Enbiy&amp;acirc; t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; &amp;ouml;nemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n en bilinen &amp;ouml;rneklerinden biri, 11. y&amp;uuml;zyılda Nişabur&amp;rsquo;da N&amp;icirc;s&amp;acirc;b&amp;ucirc;r&amp;icirc; (Sa&amp;rsquo;leb&amp;icirc;) (&amp;ouml;. 1035) tarafından yazılmış olan Kısas-ı Enbiy&amp;acirc; adlı eserdir. Bu eserin minyat&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml; yaklaşık on dokuz n&amp;uuml;shası g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze ulaşmış olup, d&amp;uuml;nyanın farklı m&amp;uuml;ze ve koleksiyonlarında muhafaza edilmektedir. Bu el yazmalarında yer alan vahiy meleği ve baş melek olan Cebrail&amp;rsquo;in tasvirleri, minyat&amp;uuml;r sanatı a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;zel bir &amp;ouml;neme sahiptir. Tasavvuf&amp;icirc; edebiyatta melekler, nurdan yaratılmış, g&amp;ouml;zle g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmeyen ve Allah&amp;rsquo;ın emirlerine tam itaat eden ruhani varlıklar olarak tanımlanır. Minyat&amp;uuml;r sanatı aracılığıyla bu soyut kavramsal tanım, somut bir g&amp;ouml;rsel temsile d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Bu bağlamda &amp;ccedil;alışma, &amp;ouml;zellikle &amp;ldquo;Hz. İbr&amp;acirc;him&amp;rsquo;in Ateşe Atılması ve Cebrail Tarafından Kurtarılması&amp;rdquo; konulu sahnelerde yer alan Cebrail fig&amp;uuml;rlerine odaklanmaktadır. Semav&amp;icirc; dinlerin ortak peygamberlerinden biri olan Hz. İbr&amp;acirc;him, diğer peygamberler arasında merkezi bir konuma sahiptir. Hz. İbr&amp;acirc;him&amp;rsquo;in en &amp;ouml;nemli mucizelerinden biri, putları kırdığı gerek&amp;ccedil;esiyle kral Nemrut tarafından b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir ateşe atılması ve bu sırada Allah&amp;rsquo;ın emriyle başmelek Cebrail&amp;rsquo;in ateşi cennet bah&amp;ccedil;esine d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;rerek onu kurtarmasıdır.Araştırmanın &amp;ouml;rneklemini, Safev&amp;icirc; d&amp;ouml;neminde Kazvin ve Şiraz şehirlerinde &amp;uuml;retilmiş ve g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde New York Halk K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phanesi (1577 tarihli Spencer Persian 1), Berlin Devlet K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phanesi (1577 tarihli Diez Fol A.3) ve Paris&amp;rsquo;teki Fransa Ulusal K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phanesi (1595 tarihli Persan 1313) koleksiyonlarında bulunan &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; farklı Kısas-ı Enbiy&amp;acirc; n&amp;uuml;shası oluşturmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiş; &amp;ouml;nce alan yazın taraması yapılarak kuramsal &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;eve oluşturulmuş, ardından se&amp;ccedil;ilen orijinal minyat&amp;uuml;rler betimsel analiz yoluyla incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, New York ve Berlin n&amp;uuml;shalarının detaylı iş&amp;ccedil;ilik ve yoğun altın kullanımıyla &amp;ouml;zenli bir tasarım anlayışını yansıttığını; Paris n&amp;uuml;shasının ise daha sade bir iş&amp;ccedil;ilikle &amp;uuml;retildiğini g&amp;ouml;stermiştir. T&amp;uuml;m n&amp;uuml;shalarda Cebrail fig&amp;uuml;rlerinin d&amp;ouml;nemin modasına uygun şekilde giydirilmiş, beyaz tenli, estetik g&amp;uuml;zelliğe sahip insan suretinde ve &amp;ccedil;ok renkli, b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k kanatlara sahip kutsal varlıklar olarak tasvir edildiği belirlenmiştir. Bu g&amp;ouml;rsel &amp;ouml;zellikler, d&amp;ouml;nemin hem sanatsal hem de manev&amp;icirc; değerlerini yansıtan &amp;ouml;nemli g&amp;ouml;stergeler olarak değerlendirilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the depictions of the Archangel Gabriel in 16th-century Safavid illustrated Qisas al-Anbiya manuscripts, focusing on image-text relationships, design characteristics, and Gabriel&amp;rsquo;s compositional role and symbolic significance within the aesthetic and production context of the period. Miniature painting, a vital element of manuscript art, served to visually support and enrich the narrative in handwritten texts. Across various civilizations, manuscripts were produced on themes such as politics, science, medicine, literature, history, and religion. Among these, the Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) genre&amp;mdash;which conveys the lives, miracles, and instructive events of prophets from the creation of the universe through the stories of Adam, Abraham, Jesus, and Muhammad&amp;mdash;holds particular significance. One of the most renowned works in this genre is the Qisas al-Anbiya by Nisaburi (al-Thaʿlabī) (d. 1035), written in 11th-century Nishapur. Approximately nineteen illustrated copies of this work have survived and are preserved in various museum and library collections worldwide. Within these manuscripts, the depiction of Gabriel&amp;mdash;the archangel and messenger of divine revelation&amp;mdash;is of particular interest from an art historical perspective. In Sufi literature, angels are described as spiritual beings made of light, invisible to human eyes, and completely obedient to God's commands. Through miniature painting, this verbal and theological description is rendered into visual form. This study specifically examines Gabriel figures in illustrations of the scene &amp;ldquo;Abraham Being Cast into the Fire and Rescued by Gabriel&amp;rdquo;, a miracle narrative in which the Prophet Abraham is punished by King Nimrod for breaking idols and thrown into a massive fire. According to Islamic tradition, the miracle occurs when, by God&amp;rsquo;s command, Gabriel transforms the fire into a garden of paradise, saving the prophet from harm. The research sample comprises three Safavid-era illustrated manuscripts of Qisas al-Anbiya, produced in Qazvin and Shiraz and currently held in the following collections: Spencer Persian 1 (1577) at the New York Public Library, Diez Fol A.3 (1577) at Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, and Persan 1313 (1595) at the Biblioth&amp;egrave;que Nationale de France. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, the study first established a theoretical framework through literature review and then conducted a descriptive visual analysis of the original miniatures. Findings show that the New York and Berlin manuscripts demonstrate meticulous craftsmanship and extensive use of gold, reflecting a refined design aesthetic, while the Paris manuscript is characterized by simpler workmanship. Across all versions, Gabriel is portrayed as a sacred figure with large, vividly colored wings, fair skin, and dressed in garments aligned with the fashion of the time, representing the artistic and spiritual ideals of the 16th-century Safavid world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=88113</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[267-290]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/53</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Varoluşçuluk ve Kadın: Simone de Beauvoir Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Existentialism and Women: The Example of Simone de Beauvoir]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Recep Batu GÜNÖR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mustafa SARP]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sartre'ın Varoluşçuluğu, Simone De Beauvoir'ın Feminizmi, Hegel'in Köle Efendisi, Freud'un Oedipus Kompleksi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sartre's Existentialism, Simone de Beauvoir's Feminism, Hegel's Master-Slave Dialectic, Freud's Oedipus Complex]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, felsefe tarihinde yeterince ele alınmamış olan varoluş&amp;ccedil;uluk felsefesi ile "kadın" kavramı arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Kadının toplum i&amp;ccedil;inde "&amp;ouml;teki" konumuna indirgenmesinin, sosyolojik boyutlarının &amp;ouml;tesinde, temelde felsefi bir sorun olduğu savunulmaktadır. "Kadın nedir?" gibi sorular, varoluş&amp;ccedil;u felsefenin merkezindeki "var olmak", "&amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;r olmak" ve "kendi olmak" kavramlarıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Makale, bu felsefi temeli Jean-Paul Sartre'ın "varoluş &amp;ouml;zden &amp;ouml;nce gelir" ilkesi &amp;uuml;zerinden kurmaktadır. Sartre'a g&amp;ouml;re insan (kadın ya da erkek fark etmeksizin) &amp;ouml;nceden belirlenmiş bir &amp;ouml;ze sahip değildir; kendi &amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; se&amp;ccedil;imleri, eylemleri ve bu eylemlerin getirdiği sorumluluklar yoluyla inşa eder. "&amp;Ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;ğe mahkum" olan insan, bu se&amp;ccedil;imlerinde sadece kendini değil, t&amp;uuml;m insanlığı se&amp;ccedil;tiği i&amp;ccedil;in evrensel bir sorumluluk taşır. Bu &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k anlayışı, başkalarının &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; de zorunlu kılar. Bu varoluş&amp;ccedil;u &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evenin (varoluşun &amp;ouml;nceliği, se&amp;ccedil;im, sorumluluk ve &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k) &amp;ouml;nemi, Simone de Beauvoir tarafından kadın sorununa uygulanmasında yatmaktadır. Beauvoir'ın İkinci Cins eserindeki "kadın doğulmaz, olunur" şeklindeki temel savı, doğrudan Sartre'ın "varoluş &amp;ouml;zden &amp;ouml;nce gelir" ilkesine dayanır. Bu sav, kadın kimliğinin biyolojik bir kader olmadığını, toplumsal koşullar tarafından inşa edildiğini vurgular. Ayrıca, kadının dayatılan bu "&amp;Ouml;teki" rol&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; kabullenmesi, Sartre'ın "k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml; niyet" (kendi &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;nden ka&amp;ccedil;ma) kavramının bir yansıması olarak analiz edilir. Bu bağlamda &amp;ccedil;alışma, Beauvoir&amp;rsquo;ın feminist g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerini varoluş&amp;ccedil;u felsefe a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, Beauvoir &amp;uuml;zerindeki Hegel ve Sartre etkilerinin yanı sıra, onun biyolojik determinizm ve Freud&amp;ccedil;u psikanaliz eleştirileri de incelenecektir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;This study examines the complex relationship between existentialist philosophy, which has not been sufficiently addressed in the history of philosophy, and the concept of &amp;lsquo;woman&amp;rsquo;. It argues that reducing women to the position of &amp;lsquo;the other&amp;rsquo; in society is fundamentally a philosophical problem, beyond its sociological dimensions. Questions such as &amp;lsquo;What is a woman?&amp;rsquo; are directly related to the concepts of &amp;lsquo;being,&amp;rsquo; &amp;lsquo;freedom,&amp;rsquo; and &amp;lsquo;being oneself&amp;rsquo; at the heart of existentialist philosophy. The article establishes this philosophical foundation through Jean-Paul Sartre's principle that &amp;lsquo;existence precedes essence.&amp;rsquo; According to Sartre, humans (regardless of gender) do not possess a predetermined essence; they construct their own essence through their choices, actions, and the responsibilities that these actions entail. Humans, who are &amp;lsquo;condemned to freedom,&amp;rsquo; bear a universal responsibility because in their choices they choose not only themselves but all of humanity. This understanding of freedom necessitates the freedom of others. The significance of this existentialist framework (the primacy of existence, choice, responsibility, and freedom) lies in its application to the issue of women by Simone de Beauvoir. Beauvoir's fundamental assertion in The Second Sex that &amp;lsquo;one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman&amp;rsquo; is directly based on Sartre's principle that &amp;lsquo;existence precedes essence.&amp;rsquo; This claim emphasises that female identity is not a biological destiny but is constructed by social conditions. Furthermore, a woman's acceptance of this imposed &amp;lsquo;Other&amp;rsquo; role is analysed as a reflection of Sartre's concept of &amp;lsquo;bad faith&amp;rsquo; (escaping one's own freedom).In this context, the study aims to evaluate Beauvoir's feminist views from an existentialist philosophical perspective. In this regard, the influence of Hegel and Sartre on Beauvoir will be examined, as well as her critiques of biological determinism and Freudian psychoanalysis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87983</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1959-1975]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/54</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hz. Âişe’den Rivayette Bulunan Kadın Raviler ve Rivayetleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme (İbn Mâce’nin Sünen’i Özelinde)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Analysis of Female Transmitters and Their Narrations from ʿĀʾisha (ra): The Case of Sunan Ibn Mājah]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Musa ERKAYA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ramazan ERİŞGEN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, İbn Mâce, Sünen, Hz. Âişe, Kadın muhaddisler, ‘Amre bnt. ‘Abdurrahman.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Ibn Mājah, al-Sunan, ʿĀʾisha, Female Muhaddithāt, ʿAmrah bnt. ʿAbd al-Rahmān.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, erken d&amp;ouml;nem hadis rivayetinde kadınların ilm&amp;icirc; konumunu Hz. &amp;Acirc;işe&amp;rsquo;nin rivayet halkası bağlamında ele almakta, &lt;em&gt;İbn M&amp;acirc;ce&amp;rsquo;nin S&amp;uuml;nen&amp;rsquo;i &lt;/em&gt;&amp;ouml;zelinde Hz. &amp;Acirc;işe&amp;rsquo;den rivayette bulunan kadın r&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;leri tespit ederek, bu r&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;lerin ilm&amp;icirc; katkılarını isnad yapısı, rivayet i&amp;ccedil;eriği ve cerh-ta&amp;lsquo;d&amp;icirc;l değerlendirmeleri &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde analiz etmektedir. Araştırmanın temel amacı, &lt;em&gt;S&amp;uuml;nen&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ouml;zelinde kadın muhaddislerin hadis ilminin kurucu unsurlarından biri olarak tarihsel rollerini ve rivayet g&amp;uuml;venilirliklerini ortaya koymaktır. Y&amp;ouml;ntem olarak nicel ve nitel veri analizi benimsenmiş, &lt;em&gt;S&amp;uuml;nen&lt;/em&gt;'deki t&amp;uuml;m isnadlar taranarak Hz. &amp;Acirc;işe&amp;rsquo;den doğrudan veya dolaylı rivayet eden kadın r&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;ler belirlenmiştir. Bu r&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;ler hakkında biyografik inceleme, cerh-ta&amp;lsquo;d&amp;icirc;l tespiti ve rivayet i&amp;ccedil;erik &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mlemesi yapılmış; elde edilen veriler nicel olarak tablolaştırılmış ve K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;b-i Sitte&amp;rsquo;nin diğer kaynaklarıyla karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada 22 kadın r&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;ye isnat edilen 56 hadis tespit edilmiş, bunların yaklaşık %45&amp;rsquo;inin yalnızca &amp;lsquo;Amre bnt. Abdurrahman kanalıyla rivayet edildiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Rivayetlerin tematik dağılımı ibadet, tah&amp;acirc;ret, kadınlara &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml; h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mler, ailevi ilişkiler ve ahl&amp;acirc;k merkezlidir. Rivayetlerin %40&amp;rsquo;ı sah&amp;icirc;h veya hasen kabul edilirken, %60&amp;rsquo;ı zayıf veya me&amp;ccedil;hul r&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc; i&amp;ccedil;ermektedir. Ancak r&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;lerin b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; klasik cerh-ta&amp;lsquo;d&amp;icirc;l kaynaklarında &lt;em&gt;sika&lt;/em&gt; veya &lt;em&gt;h&amp;uuml;ccet&lt;/em&gt; olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonu&amp;ccedil;lar, kadın r&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;lerin sadece isnad zincirinde değil, ilm&amp;icirc; otorite ve m&amp;uuml;ft&amp;icirc;lik rolleriyle de hadis geleneğine kurucu katkı sağladıklarını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Hz. &amp;Acirc;işe&amp;rsquo;nin ilm&amp;icirc; mirası, kadın &amp;ouml;ğrencileri aracılığıyla sonraki kuşaklara intikal etmiş; bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;, kadınların erken İsl&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; bilgi &amp;uuml;retimi ve aktarımındaki s&amp;uuml;rekliliğini belgelemektedir. S&amp;ouml;z konusu bulgular, klasik hadis literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n cinsiyet temelli yeniden değerlendirilmesine imk&amp;acirc;n sunmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;This study examines the scholarly position of women in early Hadith transmission through the lens of ʿĀʾisha bint Abī Bakr&amp;rsquo;s circle of students. Focusing on &lt;em&gt;Sunan Ibn Mājah&lt;/em&gt;, it identifies female transmitters who narrated from ʿĀʾisha and analyzes their scholarly contributions through isnād structures, thematic content, and classical &lt;em&gt;jarḥ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;taʿdīl&lt;/em&gt; evaluations. The main objective is to demonstrate the historical role and transmission reliability of female &lt;em&gt;muḥaddithāt&lt;/em&gt; as foundational agents within the Hadith tradition. The study employs a quantitative and qualitative data analysis method, examining all isnād chains in &lt;em&gt;Sunan Ibn Mājah&lt;/em&gt; to identify female narrators transmitting directly or indirectly from ʿĀʾisha. Biographical profiles, critical evaluations, and narration content were analyzed and quantified, followed by comparative assessment with other canonical collections within the &lt;em&gt;al-Kutub al-Sittah&lt;/em&gt;. Findings reveal 22 female transmitters associated with 56 narrations from ʿĀʾisha, approximately 45% of which were transmitted exclusively via ʿAmrah bint ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Thematically, these reports focus on ritual purity, worship, gender-specific legal rulings, family ethics, and moral conduct. While 40% of the narrations are classified as &lt;em&gt;ṣaḥīḥ&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;ḥasan&lt;/em&gt;, 60% involve weak or unknown transmitters. Nonetheless, the majority of these women were evaluated as &lt;em&gt;thiqah&lt;/em&gt; (trustworthy) or &lt;em&gt;ḥujjah&lt;/em&gt; (authoritative) in classical &lt;em&gt;rijāl&lt;/em&gt; literature. The findings underscore the active scholarly agency of female transmitters&amp;mdash;not merely as narrators but also as legal authorities and custodians of Hadith. ʿĀʾisha&amp;rsquo;s intellectual legacy was transmitted intergenerationally through her female students, evidencing the continuity of women&amp;rsquo;s participation in Islamic knowledge production. These results invite a gender-aware reassessment of classical Hadith historiography and epistemology.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87957</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[139-165]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/55</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Cahiliye Şiirinden Günümüz Hikmetine: İmruü’l-Kays’ın “Elimmâ ‘Alâ’r-Rab’i’l-Kadîmî” Kasidesinin Türk Atasözleri ve Deyimleriyle Yorumlanması]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[From the Poetry of Ignorance to the Wisdom of Today: An Interpretation of Imru’ al-Qays' Ode 'Elimmâ ‘Alâ’r-Rab’i’l-Kadîmî' Through Turkish Proverbs.]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet YENİCE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap dili ve Belagatı, İmruulkys, Atasözü, Deyimler, Duygu ve Düşünceler.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[ Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Imru’ul-Qays, Proverbs, Idioms, Emotions and Thoughts.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;İmru&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kays, Kinde kabilesinin asil ve k&amp;ouml;kl&amp;uuml; hanedanına mensup, cahiliye d&amp;ouml;nemi Arap şiirinin en m&amp;uuml;mtaz simalarından biridir. Dedesi H&amp;acirc;ris b. Amr, Kinde Krallığı'nın en kudretli h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mdarlarından biri olarak tarih sahnesinde yerini almıştır. İmru&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kays, doğuştan gelen asaletin ve kraliyet terbiyesinin gereği olarak, yaşadığı d&amp;ouml;nemin siyaset ve savaş sanatlarında yetişmiş bir kişidir. Bunun yanında İmru&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kays hem yaşadığı d&amp;ouml;nemde hem de sonraki asırlarda Arap edebiyatının şekillenmesinde m&amp;uuml;him bir rol oynamış ve &amp;ouml;nc&amp;uuml; şairlerden biri olmuştur. Zira Arap edebiyatı tarihinin ilk safhası olarak kabul edilen cahiliye d&amp;ouml;nemi, edeb&amp;icirc; zeminini bu b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k şairlerin katkılarıyla inşa etmiştir. Her ne kadar Cahiliye d&amp;ouml;neminin şiirleri, nes&amp;icirc;b, atl&amp;acirc;l, vasf, fahr ve hicv gibi tematik unsurlardan oluşsa da; İmru&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kays&amp;rsquo;ın şiirleri, hayatının birebir izd&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;r denebilir. Fahr ile ya kendi şahs&amp;icirc; başarılarını ya da atalarının y&amp;uuml;celiğini &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkarırken, hicv ile kendisine ihanet edenleri ve &amp;ouml;zellikle Esed kabilesine karşı kendisini yalnız bırakanları hedef almıştır. Şairin hayatının ilk devresinde refah i&amp;ccedil;inde, &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rce seyahat eden bir prens olarak yaşadığı tecr&amp;uuml;beler, onun şiirinde yer alan betimlemelere zenginlik kazandırmıştır. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle, onun şiirlerinde d&amp;ouml;nemin coğrafi, sosyolojik, tarih&amp;icirc; ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel izlerini bariz şekilde m&amp;uuml;şahede etmek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. Nitekim bu şiirler, yalnızca Arap edebiyatının değil, Arap dilinin de temel kaynakları arasında yer almakta; dil bilimciler tarafından da sık&amp;ccedil;a başvurulan metinler olarak değer kazanmaktadır. İmru&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kays, &amp;ouml;zellikle gen&amp;ccedil;lik yıllarında s&amp;ouml;ylediği şiirlerle Arap şiir geleneğinde derin izler bırakmıştır. Ne var ki, hayatının ilerleyen safhalarında, şairliğinin yanı sıra y&amp;ouml;netici kimliğiyle de &amp;ouml;n plana &amp;ccedil;ıkmış; bu yeni sorumluluk şiirlerine de yansımıştır. Bu d&amp;ouml;nemde kaleme aldığı beyitlerde sadece edeb&amp;icirc; kudretini değil, aynı zamanda bir dava adamı olarak taşıdığı y&amp;uuml;ksek misyonu da g&amp;ouml;rmek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. Duygu y&amp;uuml;kl&amp;uuml; ifadeleri ve anlam derinliği bakımından bu şiirler, şairin i&amp;ccedil; d&amp;uuml;nyasını ve toplum nazarındaki ideal y&amp;ouml;netici tasavvurunu da g&amp;ouml;zler &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne serer. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, İmru&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kays&amp;rsquo;ın hayatının son d&amp;ouml;neminde kaleme aldığı kasideleri arasından bir tanesi se&amp;ccedil;ilerek incelenmiştir. Bu kasidenin, İmru&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kays&amp;rsquo;ın Rum diyarından d&amp;ouml;nerken, Ankara civarında s&amp;ouml;ylediği rivayet olunmuştur. Rivayetlere g&amp;ouml;re şair, Esed kabilesiyle olan kan davası uğruna &amp;ccedil;ıktığı yolculukta, Bizans Kayseri&amp;rsquo;nden umduğu askeri desteği almış, fakat kendisine g&amp;ouml;nderilen zehirli bir kaftanla suikasta uğramıştır. Bu ağır hastalık h&amp;acirc;li i&amp;ccedil;inde şair, artık yaklaşan &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n farkında olarak kaleme aldığı beyitlerinde, duygularının en yoğun ve samimi h&amp;acirc;lini dile getirmiştir. Araştırmanın temel gayesi, şairin bir y&amp;ouml;netici ve dava eri olarak bu kasidede vermek istediği mesajları tahlil etmek ve bu mesajları, T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e'de yaygın olarak kullanılan atas&amp;ouml;zleri ve deyimlerle yorumlayarak yeniden anlamlandırmaktır. Bu y&amp;ouml;ntem, hem şiirin evrensel y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; kavramaya yardımcı olacak hem de İmru&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kays&amp;rsquo;ın eserlerini &amp;ccedil;ağdaş okuyucu i&amp;ccedil;in daha anlaşılır ve erişilebilir kılacaktır. &amp;Ouml;te yandan, atas&amp;ouml;zleri ve deyimler, bir milletin tarih&amp;icirc; tecr&amp;uuml;besini, d&amp;uuml;nya g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel değerlerini kısa ve &amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml; ifadelerle yansıtan &amp;ouml;nemli anlatım unsurlarıdır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, İmru&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kays&amp;rsquo;ın genellikle g&amp;ouml;z ardı edilen bir y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne, yani onun bir dava şuuru taşıyan, vizyon sahibi bir y&amp;ouml;netici kimliğiyle s&amp;ouml;ylediği şiirlerdeki mesajlarına odaklanmaktadır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle hayatının son d&amp;ouml;neminde kaleme aldığı beyitlerde yer alan duygu ve d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerin, T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;ede yaygın bi&amp;ccedil;imde kullanılan atas&amp;ouml;zleri ve deyimlerle ilişkilendirilerek yorumlanması, hem şairin edeb&amp;icirc; kudretine farklı bir bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısı kazandıracak hem de şiirinin evrensel boyutunun daha iyi anlaşılmasına vesile olacaktır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmamız boyunca, şairin şahsına ve şiirine dair s&amp;uuml;bjektif ve temelsiz değerlendirmelerden uzak durulmuş; bilimsel y&amp;ouml;ntem ve kaynaklara sadık kalınmıştır. Nihayetinde, İmru&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kays&amp;rsquo;ın şiirlerinde &amp;ccedil;ağlar &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml; bir mesaj kudreti olduğu d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;lerek, bu mesajların g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z T&amp;uuml;rk k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; i&amp;ccedil;erisindeki karşılıkları tespit edilmeye &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black; background: white;"&gt;This study aims to recontextualize&amp;mdash;through Turkish proverbs and idioms&amp;mdash;a qasida by Imruʾ al-Qays, one of the founding figures of pre-Islamic (Jāhilī) Arabic poetry, which opens with the hemistich &amp;ldquo;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;أَلِمَّا عَلَى الرَّبْعِ القَدِيمِ بِعَسْعَسَا&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;rdquo; is composed in the ṭawīl meter, and employs an alif rhyme. Proceeding from the premise that, in Imruʾ al-Qays&amp;rsquo;s journey from youth to the responsibilities of leadership, poetry furnished an expressive regime that accompanied both his personal destiny and the destiny of his tribe, the study seeks to answer the following primary research questions: (a) Around which thematic axes are the poet&amp;rsquo;s sentiments, reflections, and &amp;ldquo;sense of mission&amp;rdquo; organized in the qasida? (b) How do the bridges of meaning formed between these thematic axes and Turkish proverbs and idioms expand the poem&amp;rsquo;s universal field of address? (c) In Imruʾ al-Qays&amp;rsquo;s poetics, how do the ruin-scene (aṭlāl), the illness narrative, and the discourse of &amp;ldquo;beneficence/justice&amp;rdquo; function? The rationale of the study is to make visible&amp;mdash;through an interdisciplinary lens&amp;mdash;the emphasis on statesmanship, the pursuit of justice, and sapiential reflection that emerges in the poet&amp;rsquo;s later works, in contrast to readings that reduce him to the stereotype of a mere &amp;ldquo;amorous-hunter poet.&amp;rdquo; Accordingly, the study seeks to disclose both the literary and cross-cultural possibilities of interpreting the poem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: 106%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; margin: 0cm 0cm 8.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;!-- [if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list: Ignore;"&gt;&amp;Oslash;&lt;span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 106%; color: black; background: white;"&gt;The conceptual ground of the study rests on three pillars. First is the reading of Imruʾ al-Qays&amp;rsquo;s poetry-within the framework of the classical themes of Jāhilī poetry such as &amp;ldquo;nasīb&amp;rdquo; (amatory prelude), &amp;ldquo;aṭlāl&amp;rdquo; (the deserted campsite/ruins), &amp;ldquo;waṣf&amp;rdquo; (description), &amp;ldquo;fakhr*&amp;rdquo; (boast), and &amp;ldquo;hijāʾ&amp;rdquo;&amp;rdquo; (satire)- as a &amp;ldquo;direct projection of life,&amp;rdquo; emphasizing that the axis of &amp;ldquo;fakhr/hijāʾ&amp;rdquo; intertwines with social codes such as personal honor, tribal prestige, and reckoning with the enemy. Second is the transformation, particularly salient in the poet&amp;rsquo;s later works, of narratives situated at the &amp;ldquo;threshold of illness and death&amp;rdquo; into a form of wisdom and public admonition beyond mere individual suffering; at this juncture, a comparative reading of the poem&amp;rsquo;s experiential wisdom with Turkish proverbs and idioms (e.g., &amp;ldquo;Derdi &amp;ccedil;eken bilir&amp;rdquo; only the sufferer truly knows the pain; &amp;ldquo;Su uyur d&amp;uuml;şman uyumaz&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;the water may sleep, the enemy does not&amp;rdquo;; &amp;ldquo;Ak ak&amp;ccedil;e kara g&amp;uuml;n i&amp;ccedil;indir&amp;rdquo; &amp;ndash; &amp;ldquo;save the white coin for a black day&amp;rdquo;) strengthens the poem&amp;rsquo;s cross-cultural reception. Third is the crystallization, in the construction of Imruʾ al-Qays&amp;rsquo;s persona, of the quality of a &amp;ldquo;man of mission,&amp;rdquo; whereby the discourse of justice and beneficence appears not as a merely tribal settling of scores but as an &amp;ldquo;ethos&amp;rdquo; that shelters the wronged. This framework establishes a bidirectional field of reference grounded both in the principal sources of classical Arabic literary history and in the corpus of Turkish proverbs and idioms, thereby linking the qasida&amp;rsquo;s thematic knots to cultural indices. The study&amp;rsquo;s contribution to the literature lies in enabling a reading of the poetic text not solely through philological taxonomies but also through a cross-cultural, pragmatic, and value-oriented hermeneutic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: 106%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; margin: 0cm 0cm 8.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;!-- [if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list: Ignore;"&gt;&amp;Oslash;&lt;span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 106%; color: black; background: white;"&gt;The study adopts a qualitative design, taking as its primary data the aforementioned qaṣīda of Imruʾ al-Qays. The method proceeds in three stages: (a) Intra-textual analysis: key nodes such as the ruin scene (aṭlāl), the themes of illness and solitude, the discourse of &amp;ldquo;beneficence/justice,&amp;rdquo; and the imagery of youth and strength are analyzed at the couplet level. (b) Intertextual mapping: these nodes are aligned, in terms of their semantic fields, with Turkish proverbs and idioms; functional links are drawn between the normative propositional structures carried by the proverbs in cultural memory and the poem&amp;rsquo;s experiential wisdom. (c) Contextual interpretation: the biographical background of Imruʾ al-Qays (the Kinda dynasty, the conflict with the Asad tribe, diplomatic ventures reaching the Byzantine court, and the tale of the poisoned robe) supplies an ontological context for the reading; this context is used to illuminate the historical-sociological referents of the poem&amp;rsquo;s discourse at the couplet level. For data gathering, &amp;ldquo;literature review&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;document analysis&amp;rdquo; techniques were employed, and as secondary literature both classical histories of Arabic literature and modern dictionaries/collections of proverbs were consulted. Methodologically, the aim is to produce a conservative yet multi-layered reading that balances philological rigor with cultural semiotics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt; line-height: 106%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; margin: 0cm 0cm 8.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;!-- [if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list: Ignore;"&gt;&amp;Oslash;&lt;span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 106%; color: black; background: white;"&gt;In conclusion, the qaṣīda constitutes a nodal point in Imruʾ al-Qays&amp;rsquo;s poetry where aesthetics and ethics, individual destiny and social responsibility, as well as memory and a vision of the future, are interwoven. The yearning voiced before the ruins, the existence tested by illness, the emphasis on beneficence and justice, and the call for vigilance in the face of the enemy transform the work from a merely period-bound &amp;ldquo;aṭlāl song&amp;rdquo; into a sapiential text of values. The study&amp;rsquo;s contribution to the literature lies in making visible the poem&amp;rsquo;s normative and universal message by means of a comparative reading with Turkish proverbs and idioms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black; background: white;"&gt;Recommendations:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black; background: white;"&gt;(a) A series titled &amp;ldquo;Encounters between Arabic Poetry and Turkish Culture&amp;rdquo; may be developed by conducting proverb/idiom-based comparative readings of Imruʾ al-Qays&amp;rsquo;s other qaṣīdas as well;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black; background: white;"&gt;(b) By examining the intersections of the themes of ruins, illness, and justice with Qurʾānic and Prophetic wisdom literature, the poem&amp;rsquo;s resonances within the Islamic sapiential tradition can be investigated;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black; background: white;"&gt;(c) To enhance the text&amp;rsquo;s accessibility for contemporary readers, pedagogical materials (lesson plans, workshop guides) that support couplet&amp;ndash;proverb pairings with audio-visual resources may be prepared;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black; background: white;"&gt;(d) Through comparative semantic studies, the interaction between oral and written culture can be mapped across shared conceptual fields in Arabic and Turkish (e.g., patience, loyalty, fate, justice);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black; background: white;"&gt;(e) Interdisciplinary readings that relate the poet&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;sense of mission&amp;rdquo; and political imagination to current literature in ethical and political philosophy would broaden the poem&amp;rsquo;s possibilities for contemporary interpretation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87911</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[413-424]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/56</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Karl Barth’ın Teolojisinde Vahyin Antropolojik Sınırları ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Anthropological Limits of Revelation in Karl Barth’s Theology]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kibar GÜRBÜZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, Karl Barth, Vahiy, Antropoloji, Diyalektik Teoloji, Tanrı-insan ilişkisi. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, Karl Barth, Revelation, Anthropology, Dialectical Theology, God-human relationship.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Karl Barth&amp;rsquo;ın vahiy anlayışını &amp;ouml;zellikle antropolojik sınırlar a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirmektedir. Barth, modern ve liberal teolojik yaklaşımları eleştirerek, insan aklı, deneyimi veya ahlaki sezgi gibi unsurların Tanrı bilgisinin temel kaynakları olarak &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkarılmasına karşı &amp;ccedil;ıkar. Bunun yerine teolojiyi, Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın kendi kendini a&amp;ccedil;ığa vurması &amp;uuml;zerine temellendirir. Barth&amp;rsquo;a g&amp;ouml;re insan, sonlu bir varlık olarak Tanrı&amp;rsquo;yı kendi başına kavrayamaz; Tanrı bilgisi yalnızca Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın kendini a&amp;ccedil;ığa vurması aracılığıyla m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. Bu bağlamda, İsa Mesih vahyin belirleyici &amp;ouml;znesi ve aracısı olarak merkezi bir rol oynar; Barth&amp;rsquo;ın teolojisinde Mesih merkezli yaklaşım epistemolojik olarak vazge&amp;ccedil;ilmezdir. Makale, Barth&amp;rsquo;ın diyalektik metodunu ve Tanrı-insan ilişkisine dair temel kavrayışlarını ele alarak, insan ile aşkın Tanrı arasındaki paradoksal gerilimi ortaya koymaktadır. Barth, insanın Tanrı bilgisini kendi &amp;ccedil;abasıyla elde edemeyeceğini vurgularken, insan deneyimini tamamen dışlamaz; iman aracılığıyla insan, Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın l&amp;uuml;tfuna dayalı vahyi kavrayabilir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada ayrıca Barth&amp;rsquo;ın nat&amp;uuml;ralist, rasyonalist ve modernist teoloji eleştirileri incelenmektedir. Bununla beraber Barth&amp;rsquo;ın kriz teolojisi, insanın sonluluğunu teolojik d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncenin merkezine yerleştirmesi ve vahyin ilişkisel niteliğini vurgulaması değerlendirilmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Barth&amp;rsquo;ın d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesini hem modernite eleştirisi hem de klasik Hristiyan teolojisinin yenilenmesi bağlamında ele alarak, insan bilgisinin Tanrı karşısındaki sınırlarını ortaya koymayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Araştırma Barth&amp;rsquo;ın teolojisinin &amp;ccedil;ağdaş teolojik tartışmalara katkısını, insan kavrayışının sınırları ile Mesih merkezli vahiy anlayışının &amp;ouml;nemini vurgulayarak, vahyin insani sınırları ne &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de aşabildiğini tartışarak, modern teolojik d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nceye yeni bir bakış sunmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Barth&amp;rsquo;ın teolojisi vahyin kaynağını insanda değil Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;r eyleminde temellendirerek, modern teolojide aşkınlık ve i&amp;ccedil;kinlik arasındaki gerilimi yeniden yorumlar. Nitekim Barth&amp;rsquo;a g&amp;ouml;re insan, Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın eylemiyle anlam kazanan bir varlıktır; dolayısıyla vahyin antropolojik sınırları, Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın insanla kurduğu ilişkinin derinliğini g&amp;ouml;stermekten ibarettir. Bu a&amp;ccedil;ıdan Barth&amp;rsquo;ın teolojisi, &amp;ccedil;ağdaş din felsefesi a&amp;ccedil;ısından hem Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın aşkınlığını hem de insanın bu aşkınlığa y&amp;ouml;nelişini bir arada d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nmenin imk&amp;acirc;nını sunar.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;This study examines Karl Barth&amp;rsquo;s understanding of revelation, particularly from an anthropological perspective. Criticizing modern and liberal theological approaches, Barth opposes the emphasis on elements such as human reason, experience, or moral intuition as the primary sources of knowledge of God. Instead, he grounds theology in God&amp;rsquo;s self-revelation. According to Barth, humans, as finite beings, cannot comprehend God on their own; knowledge of God is possible only through God&amp;rsquo;s self-revelation. In this context, Jesus Christ plays a central role as the determining subject and agent of revelation; a Christ-centered approach is epistemologically indispensable in Barth's theology. This article examines Barth&amp;rsquo;s dialectical method and fundamental insights into the God-human relationship, revealing the paradoxical tension between humanity and the transcendent God. While Barth emphasizes that humans cannot attain knowledge of God through their own efforts, he does not entirely exclude human experience; through faith, humans can grasp God&amp;rsquo;s grace-based revelation. This study will also examine Barth's critiques of naturalist, rationalist, and modernist theology, examining whether these approaches consider the importance of initiative in knowledge of God. Furthermore, Barth&amp;rsquo;s theology of crisis, his placing of human finitude at the center of theological thought, and his emphasis on the relational nature of revelation are evaluated. This study examines Barth's thought within the context of both the critique of modernity and the renewal of classical Christian theology, aiming to reveal the limits of human knowledge vis-&amp;agrave;-vis God. The research aims to offer a fresh perspective on modern theological thought by examining the contribution of Barth&amp;rsquo;s theology to contemporary theological debates, emphasizing the limits of human understanding and the importance of a Christ-centered understanding of revelation, and discussing the extent to which revelation transcends human boundaries. Barth's theology, by grounding the source of revelation not in humanity but in the free action of God, reinterprets the tension between transcendence and immanence in modern theology. For Barth, humanity is a being whose meaning is derived from God&amp;rsquo;s action; therefore, the anthropological limits of revelation merely reveal the depth of God&amp;rsquo;s relationship with humanity. In this respect, Barth's theology offers the possibility of considering both God&amp;rsquo;s transcendence and humanity&amp;rsquo;s orientation toward this transcendence within the context of contemporary philosophy of religion.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87880</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1977-1989]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/57</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hadislerde Muamelâta Dair Hükümlerin Umûmî veya Husûsî Olarak Değerlendirilme Kriterleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Criteria for Assessing Whether the Prophetic Rulings in Ḥadīths Related to Transactions Are General or Individual]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatih AVCI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukuku, Hadis, Hüküm, Muâmelât, Umûm-Husûs, Ruhsat, Kıyas, İstihsan]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Law, Hadith, Judgment, Muʿāmalāt, Umūm-Husūs, Rukhsa, Qiyas, Istihsan]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"&gt;İslam hukuk usul&amp;uuml;nde Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in s&amp;ouml;z, fiil ve takrirlerinin um&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc; h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mler i&amp;ccedil;erdiği genel kabul g&amp;ouml;rmekle birlikte, bazı rivayetlerde ge&amp;ccedil;en h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin sadece belirli bireylerle sınırlı olduğu da belirtilmektedir. Şahsa &amp;ouml;zel oldukları anlaşılan bu h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin genellenip genellenemeyeceği meselesinde mezhepler arasında ittifak edilmiş ilkeler bulunmamakta; değerlendirmeler genellikle fakihlerin us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc; tercihleri doğrultusunda yaptıkları i&amp;ccedil;tihatlara dayanmaktadır. Hangi h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n bireysel bir duruma &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;, hangisinin genel ge&amp;ccedil;er bir norm olduğu meselesi, zamanla fakihlerin farklı yaklaşım ve yorumlarına zemin hazırlamış; bu da aynı rivayetler &amp;uuml;zerinden birbirinden olduk&amp;ccedil;a farklı sonu&amp;ccedil;lara ulaşılmasına yol a&amp;ccedil;mıştır. Bu durumlar ise hem h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin um&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc;-hus&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc; olarak değerlendirilmesi noktasında a&amp;ccedil;mazlara sebebiyet vermiş hem de hangi kriterlerin belirleyici olduğu noktasında anlaşmazlıkların doğmasına yol a&amp;ccedil;mıştır. Bu araştırma s&amp;ouml;z konusu sorunsala y&amp;ouml;nelerek h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin mezhepler arasında um&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc;-hus&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc; olarak değerlendirilmesini ve bu bağlamda ileri s&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;len kriterleri tespit etmektedir. Literat&amp;uuml;rde bu konuya dair yapılan incelemelerin b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; rivayetlerin sened ve lafız boyutuna odaklanmakta olup h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n um&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc;-hus&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc; olması bakımından fıkh&amp;icirc; sonu&amp;ccedil;ları şekillendiren kriterlerin tespit ve analiz edildiği &amp;ccedil;alışmanın olmaması araştırmanın &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ve alana katkısını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Dolayısıyla &amp;ccedil;alışma um&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc; veya hus&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc; olarak kabul edilen h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin kriterlerini tespit ederek fıkh&amp;icirc; ihtilafların ve bu kapsamdaki art&amp;ccedil;ıl meselelerin anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Tarihsel veri d&amp;ouml;k&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; ve mukayeseli analiz y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinin kullanıldığı araştırma s&amp;uuml;recinde hem hadis şerh literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; hem de fıkıh ve us&amp;ucirc;l kaynakları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenerek mezhep i&amp;ccedil;i ve mezhepler arası farklılıkların arka planına ulaşılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda S&amp;acirc;lim&amp;rsquo;in emzirilmesine ruhsat verilmesi, Huzeyme&amp;rsquo;nin tanıklığının iki kişinin şahitliğinin yerine ge&amp;ccedil;mesi, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n &amp;ouml;ğretiminin mehir olarak kabul edilmesi, bazı erkek sahab&amp;icirc;lerin ipek giymesine ve altından protez burun takmasına izin verilmesi, Habb&amp;acirc;n b. Munkiz&amp;rsquo;e tanınan şartlı akit hakkı ve &amp;Uuml;mm&amp;uuml; Atıyye&amp;rsquo;ye verilen ağıt yakma m&amp;uuml;saadesi &amp;ouml;rnek olarak incelenmektedir. Araştırma s&amp;ouml;z konusu y&amp;ouml;ntemle ele aldığı &amp;ouml;rnek rivayetleri ve h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mleri incelemesinin neticesinde; rivayetin genel ilke ve kurallarla uygunluğu, farklı rivayetlerle &amp;ccedil;elişip &amp;ccedil;elişmediği, sahabe ve t&amp;acirc;bi&amp;ucirc;nun s&amp;ouml;z konusu rivayetle amel edip etmediği, hadislerin um&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc;liği ve mak&amp;acirc;sıda uygunluğu hususlarının birer kriter olarak benimsendiğine ulaşmakta; bu kriterlerin de rivayeti um&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc;-hus&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc; olarak tayin etmede belirleyici rol taşıdıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca Hanef&amp;icirc; ve M&amp;acirc;lik&amp;icirc;ler&amp;rsquo;in tercih ettikleri kabul kriterlerine uymaması durumunda bağlamı &amp;ouml;zel olan rivayetleri şahsa &amp;ouml;zel olarak yorumlama eğiliminde oldukları; Ş&amp;acirc;fi&amp;icirc; ve Hanbel&amp;icirc;lerin ise daha um&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc; yaklaşım benimseyerek aksine delil olmadığı s&amp;uuml;rece herhangi bir rivayetin şahsa &amp;ouml;zel olduğuna h&amp;uuml;kmetmekten ka&amp;ccedil;ındıkları g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Bunların yanı sıra mu&amp;acirc;mel&amp;acirc;t alanındaki bazı hadislerde yer alan h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin kimi fakihler tarafından her zaman genel ilke olarak değerlendirilmediği, bazı durumlarda yalnızca ilgili şahsa mahsus sayıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Gentium Plus';"&gt;In the methodology of Islamic law (uṣūl al-fiqh), it is generally accepted that the Prophet Muḥammad&amp;rsquo;s sayings, actions, and tacit approvals (taqrīr) contain universal rulings. However, some narrations convey rulings limited to specific individuals. There is no consensus among legal schools on whether such rulings can be generalized, as jurists have typically judged this issue according to their methodological preferences and interpretive reasoning (ijtihād). Determining which rulings were specific to individual cases and which conveyed universal norms has led to diverse approaches and interpretations over time, resulting in markedly different conclusions drawn from the same narrations. In particular, certain narrations within the sphere of transactions (muʿāmalāt), though authentic, were considered unsuitable for analogy (qiyās) and thus interpreted as personal dispensations granted to specific individuals. These cases created methodological dilemmas concerning how to classify rulings as general (ʿāmm) or specific (khāṣṣ) and led to disagreement over the criteria governing such distinctions. This study addresses this problem by examining how different legal schools classified prophetic rulings as general or specific and by identifying the criteria they employed. Hence, the study aims to clarify the criteria for classifying rulings as general or individual, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of related juristic disagreements. Using historical and comparative methods, the research investigates hadith commentaries alongside foundational works of fiqh and uṣūl to uncover intra- and inter-school variations in approach. Within this framework, examples such as Sālim&amp;rsquo;s breastfeeding, Khuzayma&amp;rsquo;s testimony, Qurʾān teaching as &lt;em&gt;mahr&lt;/em&gt;, permissions for silk and gold, the conditional contract of Ḥabbān b. Munqidh, and Umm ʿAṭiyyah&amp;rsquo;s mourning license are examined. The study concludes that five key criteria determine whether a narration conveys a general or individual ruling: (I) consistency with overarching legal principles, (II) coherence with other narrations, (III) practice of the Companions and Successors, (IV) linguistic generality, and (V) conformity with the objectives of the Sharīʿah (&lt;em&gt;maqāṣid&lt;/em&gt;). Furthermore, it observes that the Ḥanafī and Mālikī schools often interpret contextually restricted narrations as individual rulings when they do not align with their established acceptance criteria, whereas the Shāfiʿī and Ḥanbalī schools tend toward a universal approach, refraining from limiting a narration to a specific person without clear evidence. The study also finds that some rulings in transactional narrations were not always treated as general principles but sometimes as specific to the individuals concerned.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87868</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1703-1724]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/58</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Osmanlı Medreselerinden Materyalizm’e Reddiye: Red Ve İsbât]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Refutation Of Materialism From Ottoman Madrasas:  Red Ve İsbat]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hilmi KARAAĞAÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Materyalizm, Madde, Kuvvet, Kâinat, Reddiye.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Materialism, Matter, Force, Universe, Refutation.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Materyalizm, k&amp;acirc;inatın oluşumunu ve işleyişini madde ve maddenin nitelikleriyle a&amp;ccedil;ıklayan bir d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce akımıdır. K&amp;ouml;keni antik &amp;ccedil;ağa dayanır. İlahi dinlerin yaratılış &amp;ouml;ğretilerini reddeder. On sekiz ve on dokuzuncu asırda yaşanan bilimsel gelişmelere bağlı olarak Batı&amp;rsquo;da yeniden g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lenmiştir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle Orta&amp;ccedil;ağda Kilise merkezli din tasavvuruna karşı tepki, materyalizme zemin a&amp;ccedil;mıştır. M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man toplumlar materyalizmi B&amp;uuml;chner&amp;rsquo;in &lt;em&gt;Madde ve Kuvvet&lt;/em&gt; adlı eseri vasıtasıyla tanımışlardır. Eser bir d&amp;ouml;nem materyalizmin el kitabı olarak kabul edilmiş ve &amp;ccedil;ok pop&amp;uuml;ler olmuştur. Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun son d&amp;ouml;nemlerinde Batı&amp;rsquo;ya g&amp;ouml;nderilen &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin faaliyetleri ile İstanbul&amp;rsquo;da yayınlanan gazete ve dergiler materyalizmin tanınmasını sağlamıştır. &lt;em&gt;Madde ve Kuvvet&lt;/em&gt;, T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;eye Ahmed Nebil ve Baha Tevfik tarafından &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; cilt halinde &amp;ccedil;evirilmiştir. &lt;em&gt;Madde ve Kuvvet&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;in yayınlanmasından sonra ona bir&amp;ccedil;ok reddiye yazılmıştır. Bunlardan birisi de Harput&amp;icirc;z&amp;acirc;de Mustafa Efendi&amp;rsquo;nin yazdığı &lt;em&gt;Red ve İsb&amp;acirc;t&lt;/em&gt; adlı eserdir. Harput&amp;icirc;z&amp;acirc;de, Anadolu medreselerinde eğitim almış ve m&amp;uuml;derris olarak g&amp;ouml;rev yapmış bir &amp;acirc;limdir. Materyalizmin temeli olarak g&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; madde ve kuvvet ezelidir ve birbirinden ayrılmazlar ilkesini reddeder. Madde ve kuvvetin ezeli olmadığını, sonradan yaratıldığını ileri s&amp;uuml;rer. Ona g&amp;ouml;re &amp;acirc;lem t&amp;uuml;m unsurlarıyla sonradan yaratılmıştır. &amp;Acirc;lemin işleyişi ise ilahi kudretin m&amp;uuml;dahalesiyle olur. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmamızda &amp;ouml;ncelikle materyalizmin kısa bir tanımı verilmiş, sonra T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;ye girişine temas edilmiştir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Daha sonra konu iki kısımda incelenmiştir. Birincisinde &lt;em&gt;Madde ve Kuvvet&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;in muhtevası ve B&amp;uuml;chner&amp;rsquo;in iddia ve delillerine yer verilmiştir. İkinci b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mde ise Harput&amp;icirc;z&amp;acirc;de&amp;rsquo;nin B&amp;uuml;chner&amp;rsquo;e eleştirileri maddeler halinde sıralanmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Materialism is a philosophical doctrine that explains the origin and functioning of the universe through matter and its attributes. Its roots trace back to antiquity and it rejects the creation doctrines of divine religions. Materialism regained strength in the West during the 18th and 19th centuries due to scientific developments. Particularly in the Middle Ages, reactions against the Church-centered religious worldview laid the groundwork for the rise of materialism. Muslim societies encountered materialism primarily through Buchner&amp;rsquo;s book &lt;em&gt;Force and Matter&lt;/em&gt;. This work was once considered a handbook of materialism and gained wide popularity. In the final period of the Ottoman Empire, students sent to Europe and the newspapers and magazines published in Istanbul played a key role in spreading materialist ideas. &lt;em&gt;Force and Matter&lt;/em&gt; was translated into Turkish in three volumes by Ahmed Nebil and Baha Tevfik. Following its publication, many refutations were written against it. One such work is &lt;em&gt;Red ve İsb&amp;acirc;t (Refutation and Proof),&lt;/em&gt; authored by Harput&amp;icirc;z&amp;acirc;de Mustafa Efendi. Harput&amp;icirc;z&amp;acirc;de was a scholar educated in Anatolian madrasas who served as a professor (mudarris). He rejected the materialist principle that matter and force are eternal and inseparable. Instead, he argued that matter and force are not eternal but created later. In his view, the universe and all its components are created, and its functioning is governed by divine power. This study first provides a brief definition of materialism and discusses how it entered the Ottoman intellectual landscape. It then analyzes the issue in two parts: the first discusses the content of &lt;em&gt;Force and Matter &lt;/em&gt;and Buchner&amp;rsquo;s claims and arguments; the second presents Harput&amp;icirc;z&amp;acirc;de&amp;rsquo;s critiques of Buchner&amp;rsquo;s work, itemized in detail. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87852</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1991-2006]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/59</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Fransız Kadın Dergilerinde Müslüman Kadın İmgesi ve İslamofobi ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Image of Muslim Women and Islamophobia in French Women's Magazines]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Salih AYDEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sedanur Güllü ÖKSÜZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslamofobi, Fransa, İslam, Fransız Kadın Dergileri, Fransa İslamı, İslam ve kadın, Din Sosyolojisi, Sosyoloji ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamophobia, France, Islam, French Women's Magazines, French Islam, Islam and Women, Sociology of Religion, Sociology]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-indent: 35.4pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Modern Batı d&amp;uuml;nyası son yıllarda giderek artan bir şekilde İslam ve M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlarla ciddi problemler yaşamaktadır. Bu &amp;uuml;lkeler arasında İslam&amp;rsquo;a ve M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlara y&amp;ouml;nelik en ciddi problem yaşayan &amp;uuml;lke olarak Fransa dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekmektedir. Bunun en &amp;ouml;nemli nedeni Fransa&amp;rsquo;nın diğer Batılı &amp;uuml;lkelere g&amp;ouml;re &amp;ccedil;ok daha fazla M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man n&amp;uuml;fusa sahip &amp;uuml;lke olmasıdır. Ayrıca diğer Batılı &amp;uuml;lkelere g&amp;ouml;re laikliğin ve moderninizmin &amp;ouml;nc&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml; konumunu s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;rmeye &amp;ccedil;alışması da M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlara karşı Fransa&amp;rsquo;nın tutumunda belirleyici bir etkiye sahiptir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Son yıllarda t&amp;uuml;m batı d&amp;uuml;nyasında olduğu gibi Fransa&amp;rsquo;nın da M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlara karşı tutumunda ve M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlarla ilişkilerinde İslamofobi etkin bir bi&amp;ccedil;imde g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Toplumsal ilişki ve davranışların y&amp;ouml;nlendirilmesinde medyanın etkisi yadsınamaz. Geleneksel olarak bu etki uzun yıllar yazılı basın; dergi ve gazeteler aracılığı ile ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşmiştir. G&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde g&amp;ouml;rsel ara&amp;ccedil;ların yanı sıra sosyal medya gibi sanal iletişim ara&amp;ccedil;ları da toplumsal ilişkilerde &amp;ouml;nemli &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de belirleyici olmaktadır. Ancak bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil; yazılı basının &amp;ouml;zellikle de dergi gibi belli periyotlarda daha ciddi yayın yapan iletişim ara&amp;ccedil;larının kalıcılığını ve etkisini azaltmamıştır. Bu bakımdan Fransa&amp;rsquo;nın M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlarla ilişkilerini veya M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlara karşı tutumunu dergiler &amp;uuml;zerinden değerlendirmek isabetli sonu&amp;ccedil;lara ulaşmayı sağlayacaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; background: white; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'inherit','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;The modern Western world has increasingly encountered serious problems with Islam and Muslims in recent years. Among these countries, France stands out as the country with the most serious problems with Islam and Muslims. This is primarily due to France's significantly larger Muslim population compared to other Western countries. Furthermore, its attempt to maintain its position as a pioneer of secularism and modernism, compared to other Western countries, has a decisive influence on France's attitude towards Muslims.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; background: white; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'inherit','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: #1f1f1f; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;In recent years, as in the rest of the Western world, Islamophobia has been actively evident in France's attitudes and relations with Muslims. The media's influence in shaping social relations and behaviors is undeniable. Traditionally, this influence has long been realized through the print media, magazines, and newspapers. Today, in addition to visual media, virtual communication tools such as social media have become significant determinants of social relations. However, this process has not diminished the longevity and influence of the print media, especially those that periodically publish more serious publications, such as magazines. Therefore, evaluating France's relations with Muslims or its attitude towards Muslims through magazines will yield accurate conclusions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87847</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1725-1748]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/60</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Dede Korkut’ta Deli Dumrul Hikâyesinin Kibir, İsyan ve Affediliş Temaları Bağlamında Çözümlemesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Analysis of the Themes of Pride, Rebellion, and Forgiveness in the Deli Dumrul Story in the Book of Dede Korkut]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Merve Nur SEZGİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Halk Bilimi, Deli Dumrul, Kibir, İsyan, Affediliş]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Folklore Studies, Deli Dumrul, Arrogance, Rebellion, Forgiveness]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;T&amp;uuml;rk s&amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml; anlatı geleneğinin en k&amp;ouml;kl&amp;uuml; ve etkileyici &amp;ouml;rneklerinden biri olan Dede Korkut Hik&amp;acirc;yeleri, yalnızca tarihsel bir epik k&amp;uuml;lliyat olmaktan &amp;ouml;te, bireyin psikolojik derinliklerini, toplumsal değerleri, ahlaki y&amp;ouml;nelimleri ve insanın varoluşsal sorgulanmalarını aynı potada eriten &amp;ccedil;ok katmanlı bir k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel metindir. Bu bağlamda Duha Koca Oğlu Deli Dumrul Boyu Hik&amp;acirc;yesi, kibir, isyan, fedak&amp;acirc;rlık ve affediliş temalarını i&amp;ccedil;eren zengin sembolik yapısıyla &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkar; bireyin ilahi d&amp;uuml;zen karşısındaki konumunu derinlemesine sorgulayarak evrensel insanlık dramını betimler. Deli Dumrul, Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın kudretini k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;mseyen, doğa ile &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m yasalarını zorlayarak kendi sınırlarını aşmaya &amp;ccedil;alışan cesur fakat aşırı gururlu bir fig&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;r. K&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;nden ge&amp;ccedil;meyene dayak, ge&amp;ccedil;ene ise &amp;uuml;cret talep etme tavrı, insanın kendi kudretini mutlaklaştırma eğilimini ve ilahi d&amp;uuml;zenle rekabet etme arzusunu simgeleyen g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir alegoridir. Bu hareket, toplumsal-hakiki g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; ve stat&amp;uuml; hırsının bireyin ahlaki sorumluluklarıyla &amp;ccedil;atışmasına dair eleştirel bir not taşır; bireyin kudretinin sınırlarını bilmeden hareket etmesinin erdemli yaşamla olan mesafesini vurgular. Azrail ile karşılaşması, &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n ka&amp;ccedil;ınılmazlığı karşısında bireyin ger&amp;ccedil;ek sınavını başlatır ve i&amp;ccedil;sel d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n kırılma noktasını işaret eder. Eşinin kendi canını feda etmeye g&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ll&amp;uuml; oluşu, sevgi, fedak&amp;acirc;rlık ve teslimiyetin d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml; g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; somut bi&amp;ccedil;imde ortaya koyar; bu fedak&amp;acirc;rlık, Deli Dumrul&amp;rsquo;un kibirden arınmasına yol a&amp;ccedil;ar ve tevazu ile Tanrı&amp;rsquo;ya y&amp;ouml;nelmesini sağlar. Hik&amp;acirc;ye boyunca yaşanan dramatik anlar, yalnızca bireysel t&amp;ouml;vbe s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerini değil, toplumsal adaletin yeniden &amp;ouml;rg&amp;uuml;tlenmesi ihtiyacını da simgeleyerek, bireyin eylemleriyle ilahi d&amp;uuml;zen arasındaki gerilimin yapısal bir eleştirisini sunar. Nihayetinde Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın onaylaması ve bağışlaması, t&amp;ouml;vbe ve arınmanın nihai kurtuluş yolunu simgeler; bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;, insanın kendi benliğinden vazge&amp;ccedil;mesi, ilahi adalete teslimiyeti ve erdemli yaşamı tercih etmesiyle sonu&amp;ccedil;lanır. B&amp;ouml;ylece hik&amp;acirc;ye, benlikten vazge&amp;ccedil;işle başlayan, ilahi adalet ve toplumsal sorumluluk ekseninde y&amp;uuml;kselen evrensel bir erdemler haritası sunar ve b&amp;ouml;ylece insan olmanın &amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; &amp;uuml;zerine d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nmeye davet eder. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The Dede Korkut Tales (Dede Korkut Hik&amp;acirc;yeleri), one of the most deep-rooted and influential examples of Turkish oral narrative tradition, are more than just a historical epic corpus; they are a multi-layered cultural text that simultaneously blends the psychological depths of the individual, societal values, moral orientations, and humanity's existential inquiries. In this context, the Tale of Duha Koca Oğlu Deli Dumrul stands out with its rich symbolic structure, encompassing themes of pride, rebellion, sacrifice, and forgiveness, deeply interrogating the individual's position against the divine order and depicting the universal human drama. Deli Dumrul is a brave yet excessively proud figure who trivializes the power of God and attempts to transcend his own limits by challenging the laws of nature and death. His demand for a fee from those who pass over his bridge and a beating for those who refuse is a powerful allegory symbolizing humanity's tendency to absolutize its own power and its desire to compete with the divine order. This action carries a critical note regarding the conflict between social-real power and the ambition for status against the individual&amp;rsquo;s moral responsibilities; it emphasizes the distance between virtuous living and actions taken without knowledge of the limits of one's own power. His encounter with Azrail initiates the individual's true test in the face of the inevitability of death and marks the turning point of inner transformation. His wife's willingness to sacrifice her own life tangibly demonstrates the transformative power of love, self-sacrifice, and submission; this sacrifice leads to Deli Dumrul&amp;rsquo;s purification from pride and enables him to turn towards God with humility. The dramatic moments experienced throughout the tale symbolize not only processes of individual repentance but also the need for the reorganization of social justice, offering a structural critique of the tension between the individual&amp;rsquo;s actions and the divine order. Ultimately, God&amp;rsquo;s approval and forgiveness symbolize the final path to salvation through repentance and purification; this process culminates in the individual's surrender of the self, submission to divine justice, and the choice of a virtuous life. Thus the tale presents a universal map of virtues that begins with relinquishing the self and rises along the axis of divine justice and social responsibility, inviting contemplation on the essence of being human.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87839</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[311-326]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/61</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ahmed Şemseddîn Marmaravî’nin (ö. 910/1504-05) Etvâr-ı Seb’a Risâlesi Bağlamında Nefsin Mertebeleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Stages of the Soul in the Context of Yiğitbaşı Velî Ahmed Şemseddîn Marmaravî (d. 910/1504-05) Treatise Etvâr-ı Seb‘a]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Tuğba GÖRGÜN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf, Halvetiyye, Ahmed Şemseddîn Marmaravî, Etvâr-ı Seb’a, Nefis Mertebeleri]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sufism, Khalwatiyya, Yiğitbaşı Velî Ahmed Şemseddîn Marmaravî, al-Atwar al-Sab'a, Stages of the Nafs]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, XV. Y&amp;uuml;z yıl Osmanlı mutasavvıflarından Halvet&amp;icirc; şeyhi Yiğitbaşı Vel&amp;icirc; Ahmed Şemsedd&amp;icirc;n Marmarav&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;Etv&amp;acirc;r-ı Sebʿa&lt;/em&gt; adlı ris&amp;acirc;lesi bağlamında nefis anlayışını incelemektedir. S&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc; d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncede nefis, ruhan&amp;icirc; bir cevher olarak insanın hakikatini ve kendisini temsil eder. Nefis, gazap ve şehvet gibi olumsuz y&amp;ouml;nleri barındırsa da s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;ler i&amp;ccedil;in terbiye edilerek Allah&amp;rsquo;ın marifetine erişmenin aracıdır. Bu bağlamda insanın manev&amp;icirc; terbiyesi ve nefsi tezkiye etmesi, s&amp;uuml;rekli bir &amp;ccedil;aba ve amel&amp;icirc; disiplin gerektirir. Tasavvuf literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nde nefsin olgunlaşma s&amp;uuml;reci yedi mertebe incelenerek &amp;ldquo;etv&amp;acirc;r-ı seb&amp;rsquo;a&amp;rdquo; olarak adlandırılmıştır. Tasavvuf k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nde Etv&amp;acirc;r-ı Sebʿa yazma geleneğine katkı sağlayan &amp;ouml;nemli m&amp;uuml;elliflerden biri de XV. y&amp;uuml;zyıl Osmanlı mutasavvıflarından Halvet&amp;icirc; şeyhi Ahmed Şemsedd&amp;icirc;n Marmarav&amp;icirc;dir. O, manzum ve mensur eserleriyle din&amp;icirc;-tasavvuf&amp;icirc; edebiyat i&amp;ccedil;erisinde &amp;ouml;nemli bir yer edinmiştir. Marmarav&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin eserleri &amp;uuml;zerine &amp;ccedil;eşitli akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmalar yapılmış olsa da onun nefis anlayışını sistematik bi&amp;ccedil;imde inceleyen m&amp;uuml;stakil bir inceleme bulunmamaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Marmarav&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;Etv&amp;acirc;r-ı Sebʿa&lt;/em&gt; adlı ris&amp;acirc;lesini merkeze alarak, nefis mertebeleri, nefse nispet edilen sıfatlar ve nefsin olgunlaşma s&amp;uuml;recine dair tasavvuf&amp;icirc; g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerini b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l bir yaklaşımla analiz etmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. S&amp;ouml;z konusu ris&amp;acirc;le, bireyin i&amp;ccedil;sel d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; tasvir ederken tasavvufi seyr &amp;uuml; s&amp;uuml;l&amp;ucirc;k anlayışının hem teorik hem de pratik boyutlarını incelemesi bakımından &amp;ouml;nemlidir. Bu bağlamda, &amp;ccedil;alışma Marmarav&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n yorumlarını ortaya koyarak &lt;em&gt;Etv&amp;acirc;r-ı Sebʿa&lt;/em&gt; geleneği i&amp;ccedil;erisindeki yerini tespit etmeye y&amp;ouml;nelik katkı sunmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;This study examines the concept of nafs in the context of the risala al-Atwar al-Sab&amp;rsquo;a by the Khalwati sheikh Yiğitbaşı Vel&amp;icirc; Ahmed Şemsedd&amp;icirc;n Marmarav&amp;icirc;, an Ottoman Sufi from the 15th century. In Sufi thought, nafs represents the essence and truth of the individual as a spiritual substance. Although nafs contains negative aspects such as anger and lust, for Sufis it is a means of attaining knowledge of Allah through discipline. In this context, the spiritual discipline and purification of nafs requires constant effort and practical discipline. In Sufi literature, the process of maturation of nafs is examined in seven stages and is called &amp;ldquo;al-Atwar al-Sab'a&amp;rdquo;. One of the important authors who contributed to the tradition of al-Atwar al-Sab'a literature in Sufi culture is Ahmed Şemsedd&amp;icirc;n Marmarav&amp;icirc;, a Khalwati sheikh and 15th-century Ottoman Sufi. He earned an important place in religious-Sufi literature with his poetic and prose works. Although various studies have been conducted on Marmarav&amp;icirc;'s works, there is no independent study that systematically examines his understanding of nafs. This study aims to analyze Marmarav&amp;icirc;'s Sufi views on the stages of nafs, the attributes attributed to nafs, and the process of the maturation of nafs through a holistic approach, focusing on his risala al-Atwar al-Sab'a. This risala is significant in that it examines both the theoretical and practical dimensions of the Sufi understanding of al-Sayr wa al-Suluk while describing the individual's inner transformation. Thus, the study contributes to identifying Marmarav&amp;icirc;'s original interpretations and his place within the al-Atwar al-Sab'a tradition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87786</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[167-183]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/62</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Aile ve Kollektif Bilinç Bağlamında İbn-i Haldun ve Emile Durkheim’ın Yaklaşımları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Approaches of Ibn Khaldun and Émile Durkheim in the Context of Family and Collective Consciousnes]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nihal Arda AKYILDIZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Anahtar Kelimeler: Aile, Kollektif Bilinç, Toplumsal Yaşam, İbn-i Haldun, Emile Durkheim]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Keywords: Family, Collective Consciousness, Social Life, Ibn Khaldun, Emile Durkheim.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;z: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Toplumların anlaşılması i&amp;ccedil;in gerekli olgular, zaman i&amp;ccedil;inde s&amp;uuml;rekli yeniden tanımlanmakta ve d&amp;ouml;nemin ruhuna g&amp;ouml;re yeni anlamlar ile varlığına s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;rmektedir. T&amp;uuml;m kavramlar gibi aile kavramı da, zamanın ruhu, toplumsal alışkanlıklar, gelenek/g&amp;ouml;renekler gibi pek &amp;ccedil;ok bileşenle toplumdaki anlamının yanı sıra fonksiyonu ile de incelemeye değer bir konu olmuştur. Aile t&amp;uuml;m toplumlar i&amp;ccedil;in varlığın temel unsuru olarak kabul edilmiş ve pek &amp;ccedil;ok farklı yaklaşım ile de ele alınmıştır. Sosyolojinin &amp;ouml;nde gelen isimlerinden Emile Durkheim ve İbn-i Haldun toplumsal yaşamın dinamiklerine g&amp;ouml;re &amp;ouml;nemli g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri savunarak hem sosyoloji bilimine katkılar sunmuş hem de toplumsal birlik ve dayanışmanın sağlanmasında kolektif bilin&amp;ccedil; ve asabiyet kavramlarına a&amp;ccedil;ıklık getirmişlerdir. İki d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r de toplumsal yaşam i&amp;ccedil;inde birlik ve dayanışmayı farklı kavram perspektifleri ile a&amp;ccedil;ıklamış ve bazı ortak y&amp;ouml;nleri de vurgulamışlardır. Emile Durkheim&amp;rsquo;ın kolektif bilin&amp;ccedil; kavramı, toplumdaki ortak bilin&amp;ccedil; ve dayanışmayı ifade etmekte olup, toplumsal d&amp;uuml;zen ve birlik i&amp;ccedil;in harekete ge&amp;ccedil;irici niteklikler taşımaktadır. Bu d&amp;uuml;zen i&amp;ccedil;in toplumsal değer ve normlara uygun tutumlar, hem bireyin davranışlarını şekillendirmekte hem de kolektif bilinci inşa etmektedir. İbn-i Haldun&amp;rsquo;un asabiyet kavramı, toplumu bir arada tutan, topluluk &amp;uuml;yeleri arasındaki bağı a&amp;ccedil;ıklayan bir kavram olup, bedevilikten hadariliğe ge&amp;ccedil;işin dinamiklerine ve toplumun nasıl bir bağlılıkla ayakta kalabileceğini a&amp;ccedil;ıklamaktadır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;bst&lt;span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;t: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Tourism sector is known as an industry of service sector in which labour-intensive production is quite dominant. High level of interaction among people and services' being subject to subjective evaluations are leading the employees to make intensive effort for customer satisfaction. Busy work hours, underpayment and the requisite high performance are quite often giving rise to work under stress for tourism employees. Determining the problem is crucial for overcoming the emerging physical and psychological problems. The aim of this research is determining the relation between the organizational stress in travel agencies and the commitment of the employees to their organizations. In addition to this, some other demographic variables have been analysed to see whether they have any effects on the perceptions of travel agency employees about organizational stress and their organizational commitmentA survey has been performed with employees in travel agencies in Istanbul and a positive and significant relation between the organizational stress of the employees and their organizational commitment have been determined. According to the findings of this research, a significant relation between the perceptions of travel agency employees about organizational stress and their organizational commitment has not been determined. However, significant relation among some variables such as marital status, educational level, the duration of work in the sector, the perceptions of travel agency employees about organizational stress and their organizational commitment has been determined.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87780</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1645-1657]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/63</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Gelenbevî’de Delîl-i İnnî Ve Delîl-i Limmî Kavramları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Concepts of Dalîl-i Innî and Dalîl-i Limmî In al-Galanbavî]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Elif ÖZEL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Felsefesi, Mantık, Gelenbevi, Burhan, Kıyas]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Philosophy, Logic, al-Galanbavî, Demonstration, Syllogism]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma İsmail Gelenbev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;Burh&amp;acirc;n-ı Gelenbev&amp;icirc; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"&gt;ve &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;H&amp;acirc;şiyet&amp;uuml;'l-Burh&amp;acirc;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"&gt; adlı eserlerini merkeze alarak &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;burh&amp;acirc;n-ı inn&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt; ile &lt;em&gt;burh&amp;acirc;n-ı limm&amp;icirc;&lt;/em&gt; kavramlarının anlamlarının aydınlatılmasına odaklanmaktadır.&lt;span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"&gt; Y&amp;ouml;ntemimiz metin &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mlemesi yapma, kavramları analiz etme ve eldeki verileri betimleme şeklinde olacaktır. &lt;/span&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışma burhanın &amp;ouml;nce beş sanat i&amp;ccedil;erisindeki konumundan yola &amp;ccedil;ıkar ve daha sonra literal anlamını ortaya koyar. Bundan sonra m&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man d&amp;uuml;nyada ilk burhan yazarı olan F&amp;acirc;r&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin&lt;em&gt; Kit&amp;acirc;b&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Burh&amp;acirc;n&lt;/em&gt; adlı eserine başvurarak onun kavramsallaştırmasını analiz eder. Son olarak &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos;"&gt;Gelenbev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;burhani delil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt; kavramını inceler. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;Gelenbev&amp;icirc; burhan sanatını delil kavramının altında değerlendirir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos;"&gt;Gelenbev&amp;icirc; bu delili,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt; del&amp;icirc;l-i limm&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt; ve&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;del&amp;icirc;l-i inn&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt; kavramları &amp;uuml;zerinden inceler.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt; Bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede burhani delil, &amp;ouml;nce&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white;"&gt; del&amp;icirc;l-i limm&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white;"&gt; ve&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;del&amp;icirc;l-i inn&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt; diye ikiye ayrılır. Sonra da &lt;em&gt;del&amp;icirc;l-i inn&amp;icirc;&lt;/em&gt; de kendi i&amp;ccedil;inde birinci kısım ve ikinci kısım diye ikiye b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;Buna g&amp;ouml;re&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;akıl ile netice arasında orta(k) olan kısım, s&amp;ouml;z konusu kıyasta hem zihinde hem de hari&amp;ccedil;te (zihnin dışında) bir illet olursa o mantık&amp;icirc; kıyas, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;del&amp;icirc;l-i limm&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt; olur. S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;adece zihinde illet olursa, o mantık&amp;icirc; kıyas, &lt;em&gt;del&amp;icirc;l-i inn&amp;icirc;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;olur. Şayet mantık&amp;icirc; kıyas zihinde olmakla birlikte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt; hari&amp;ccedil;te de sonu&amp;ccedil; &amp;ouml;nermesine eşit bir netice ile ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarsa bu, &lt;em&gt;del&amp;icirc;l-i inn&amp;icirc;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;nin birinci kısmıdır. Ge&amp;ccedil;erli bir şekilde bir sebebin iki sonucu ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarsa bu da &lt;em&gt;del&amp;icirc;l-i inn&amp;icirc;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;nin ikinci kısmıdır. Gelenebev&amp;icirc; burhan konusunda bir a&amp;ccedil;ılım sağlamaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This study focuses on İsm&amp;acirc;il al-Galanbav&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s works, &lt;em&gt;Burhan-ı Galanbav&amp;icirc;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;H&amp;acirc;şiya al-Burh&amp;acirc;n&lt;/em&gt;, and aims to elucidate the meanings of the concepts of burhan-ı inn&amp;icirc; and burhan-ı limmi. Our methodology will be textual analysis, conceptual analysis, and description of the available data. The study first establishes burh&amp;acirc;n's (demonstration) position within the five arts and then reveals its literal meaning. It then analyzes the conceptualization of al-Farab&amp;icirc;, the first author of burh&amp;acirc;n (demonstration) in the Muslim world, by consulting his &lt;em&gt;Kit&amp;acirc;b&amp;uuml; al-Burh&amp;acirc;n&lt;/em&gt;. Finally, it examines al-Galanbav&amp;icirc;'s concept of burh&amp;acirc;nic (demonstrative) evidence. Al-Galanbav&amp;icirc; considers the art of burh&amp;acirc;n under the concept of evidence. Al-Galanbav&amp;icirc; examines this evidence through the concepts of limm&amp;icirc; and inn&amp;icirc;. Within this framework, demonstrative evidence is first divided into two: the limm&amp;icirc; and the inn&amp;icirc;. The inn&amp;icirc; is then further divided into two parts: the first and the second. Accordingly, if the intermediate term between the intellect and the conclusion is a logical syllogism, if there is a cause both in the mind and externally (outside the mind), that logical syllogism becomes a limm&amp;icirc;. If the cause exists only in the mind, that logical syllogism becomes a limm&amp;icirc;. If the logical syllogism is present in the mind but also externally and produces a result equal to the conclusion, this is the first part of the inn&amp;icirc;. If two conclusions of a single cause are validly produced, this is the second part of the inn&amp;icirc;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87653</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2181-2191]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/64</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Bikâî’nin Nazmüd-Dürer Tefsirinde Ahkâm Ayetlerini Yorumlama Biçimi ve Metodolojik Yaklaşımı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Bikâî's Interpretation of Verses of Jurisprudence and His Methodological Approach in the Tafsir of Nazm al-Durar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ramazan BÜLGEN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdurrahim KAPLAN  -Abdurrahman CANDAN  -Memet Zeki UYANIK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Anahtar Kelimeler: Tefsir, Bikâî, Nazmüd-Dürer, Ahkâm Ayetleri, Yorum Metodu]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Keywords: Tafsir, Bikâî, Nazm al-Durer, Verses of Rulings, Interpretation Method]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada &lt;em&gt;Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin Nazm&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;d-D&amp;uuml;rer&amp;rsquo;in&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;de Ahk&amp;acirc;m Ayetlerini Yorumlama Bi&amp;ccedil;imi ve Metodolojik Yaklaşımı konusuna yaklaşımını ve bunun eserine yansımasını ele aldık. Ahkam ayetlerinin yorumlanması, Hz. Peygamber d&amp;ouml;neminde başlayıp g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze kadar devam edegelen bir konudur. İlk d&amp;ouml;nem &amp;acirc;limler arasında ahkama tahsis edilmiş eserler olmamakla birlikte neredeyse her m&amp;uuml;fessir bu konuyu ilgili ayetler bağlamında eserinde işlemiş, bundan m&amp;uuml;stağni kalamamıştır. Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin tefsiri, ayetler arası tenas&amp;uuml;p ve surelerin i&amp;ccedil; b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; &amp;uuml;zerine yoğunlaşmasıyla tanınmakla birlikte, ahk&amp;acirc;m ayetlere y&amp;ouml;nelik a&amp;ccedil;ıklamaları da dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekicidir. Bu bağlamda &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı, Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin ahk&amp;acirc;m ayetlerine yaklaşımında benimsediği metodolojik ilkeleri, kullandığı kaynakları, rivayet-akıl dengesini ve mezhep tercihini ortaya koymaktır. Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin fıkıh usul&amp;uuml;ne dair genel prensipler, sahabe ve m&amp;uuml;fessirlerin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri ile Hanef&amp;icirc; ve Ş&amp;acirc;fi&amp;icirc; fıkhına dair referanslar da dikkat &amp;ccedil;eker. Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;, ahk&amp;acirc;mla ilgili ayetleri tefsir ederken diğer mezhep imamlarının g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerine de yer vermekte, ancak Ş&amp;acirc;fi&amp;icirc; mezhebine uygun yorumlara daha fazla ağırlık vermektedir. Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;, ahkam konulu ayetleri tefsir ederken ayetleri mezhep g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleriyle irtibatlandırmaya azami gayret g&amp;ouml;stermiş ve bu ayetler &amp;uuml;zerine birden &amp;ccedil;ok nakilde bulunmuştur. O, bu alanda bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n yorum ve tespitlere sahiptir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin tefsir anlayışında ahk&amp;acirc;m ayetlerinin &amp;ouml;zel bir yer tuttuğunu ve onun metodolojisinin hem klasik tefsir geleneğiyle uyumlu hem de &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n y&amp;ouml;nler taşıdığını g&amp;ouml;stermeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. B&amp;ouml;ylece, klasik d&amp;ouml;nem tefsir geleneğinde ahk&amp;acirc;m ayetlerine y&amp;ouml;nelik yaklaşım &amp;ccedil;eşitliliği i&amp;ccedil;inde Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n katkısı ortaya konulmaktadır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study examines Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;'s approach to the interpretation of jurisprudential verses and his methodological approach in Nazm al-Durar and its reflection in his work. The interpretation of jurisprudential verses is a subject that began in the time of the Prophet Muhammad and has continued to the present day. While there are no works dedicated to jurisprudence among early scholars, almost every exegete has addressed this topic within the context of the relevant verses, and no exceptions have been made. While Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;'s exegesis is known for its focus on the correlation between verses and the internal integrity of the surahs, his explanations of jurisprudential verses are also noteworthy. In this context, the aim of this study is to reveal the methodological principles Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; adopted in his approach to jurisprudential verses, the sources he used, the balance between narration and reason, and his school of thought. Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;'s general principles of usul al-fiqh, the views of the Companions and commentators, and references to Hanafi and Shafi'i jurisprudence are also noteworthy. While interpreting verses concerning rulings, Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; also incorporates the views of imams from other schools of thought, but he places greater emphasis on interpretations consistent with the Shafi'i school of thought. When interpreting verses concerning rulings, Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; made every effort to connect them with sectarian views and provided numerous narrations on these verses. In this respect, he possesses original interpretations and observations in this field. This study aims to demonstrate the special place that ruling verses hold in Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;'s understanding of exegesis and to demonstrate that his methodology is both compatible with the classical exegetical tradition and possesses unique aspects. Thus, Bik&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;'s unique contribution is demonstrated within the diversity of approaches to ruling verses in the classical-era exegetical tradition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87650</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[425-444]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/65</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kendi Gök Kubbemizde Ses Manzarası]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Soundscape in Kendi Gök Kubbemiz]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Şeyma BÜYÜKKAVAS KURAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Yeni Türk Edebiyatı, Soundscape, Ses, Şiir, Yahya Kemal]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Modern Turkish Literature, Soundscape, Sounds, Poem, Yahya Kemal]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Hayatın i&amp;ccedil;inde duyulan sesler, yaşanılan mek&amp;acirc;nın karakterini oluşturur ve ayrı bir dil olarak sonsuz anlamlar y&amp;uuml;klenir. Bu sesler; duyguların, inan&amp;ccedil;ların, ge&amp;ccedil;en zamanın somutlaştığı sembollere d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;r. R. Murray Schafer, The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and The Tuning of The World adlı eserinde bir &amp;ccedil;evreye ve topluma ait sesler i&amp;ccedil;in soundscape terimini kullanır. Buna g&amp;ouml;re ses manzarası; m&amp;uuml;zik bestesi, radyo programı, zil, davul ya da siren sesi, deniz, r&amp;uuml;zg&amp;acirc;r ya da kuş sesleri gibi akustik ortam unsurlarından oluşur. Edebi eserlerde topluma ve mek&amp;acirc;na ait ses manzaraları ve bu seslerin y&amp;uuml;klendiği sembolik anlamlar sanat&amp;ccedil;ının bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısıyla kaydedilir. Şairlerin &amp;ccedil;evresinde ve i&amp;ccedil; d&amp;uuml;nyasında duyduğu seslere odaklanarak şiirlerinin incelenmesi, şiirlerdeki farklı anlam katmanlarının keşfini sağlar. Yahya Kemal Beyatlı&amp;rsquo;nın Kendi G&amp;ouml;k Kubbemiz adlı eserindeki şiirler, ses manzarası (soundscape) bağlamında değerlendirilmesi gereken zengin bir i&amp;ccedil;eriğe sahiptir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada ama&amp;ccedil;, Yahya Kemal Beyatlı&amp;rsquo;nın Kendi G&amp;ouml;k Kubbemiz adlı eserindeki şiirleri ses manzarası (soundscape) bağlamında değerlendirmek ve ses g&amp;ouml;stergelerinin g&amp;ouml;sterilen y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; &amp;uuml;zerinde durmaktır. İncelemenin sonucunda Yahya Kemal&amp;rsquo;in şiirlerindeki ses manzarasının Osmanlı tarihindeki zaferleri, ince ve zengin Osmanlı k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkaracak &amp;ouml;zellikte olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu ses manzarası, şairin ge&amp;ccedil;miş g&amp;uuml;nleri bir r&amp;uuml;ya ve hayal gibi yaşamaya devam ettiğini g&amp;ouml;steren, maziye duyduğu hayranlığı ve &amp;ouml;zlemi ifade eden bir işlev y&amp;uuml;klenmiştir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"&gt;The sounds heard in life give meaning to the place where one lives and create the character of this environment. These sounds are transformed into symbols that embody emotions, beliefs and the elapsed time. R. M. Schafer uses the term soundscape for the sounds of an environment and society. Accordingly, the soundscape consists of elements of the acoustic environment such as a musical composition, the sound of bells, drums, sirens, the sound of the sea, wind or birdsong. Literature is a branch of art that reflects society and is based on sound, where the soundscapes of a society and a place are recorded from the poet&amp;rsquo;s point of view It is known that an analysis that focuses not only on what the poet sees but also on the sounds that attract his attention in his surroundings and in his inner world is effective in discovering the depths of his poetic world. The aim of this study is to evaluate the poems in the work Kendi G&amp;ouml;k Kubbemiz by Yahya Kemal, in the context of the sounds that the poet heard in his surroundings and inner world, in the context of soundscape and to reveal the signified aspect of sound indicators.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87629</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[93-106]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/66</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ehl-i Beyt’e Zekât Verilmesi Meselesine Farklı Bir Yaklaşım: Seyyid Ali Fındıkî’nin (ö. 1968) Makâsıdü’ş-Şerîa’ya Dayalı Görüşü Çerçevesinde]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Different Approach to the Issue of Giving Zakât to the Ahl al-Bayt: Within the Framework of Sayyid Ali Fındıkî’s (d. 1968) Maqâsid al-Shariah Based View]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet CENGİZ ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Fıkıh, Makâsıdü’ş-Şerîa, Zekât, Ganimet, Ehl-i Beyt, Seyyid Ali Fındıkî.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Fiqh, Makâsıdü’ş-Şerîa, Zekât, Booty, Ahl al-Bayt, Sayyid Ali Fındıkî.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in (s.a.s.) &amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;Bize sadaka/zek&amp;acirc;t almak helal değildir&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rdquo; ve &lt;a name="_Hlk208761628"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;Ey Haşimoğulları, Allah size insanların kirlerini haram kılmıştır. Bunun yerine size humus&amp;rsquo;u (ganimetten beşte birin beşte birini) vermiştir&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rdquo; hadislerinden dolayı fıkıhtaki ağırlıklı kanaate g&amp;ouml;re O&amp;rsquo;nun soyu olan ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;inin ve akrabaları olan Haşimoğulları ile Muttaliboğulları&amp;rsquo;nın zek&amp;acirc;t alması helal değildir. Ş&amp;uuml;phesiz ki Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in (s.a.s.) ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;i ve yakınları i&amp;ccedil;in devlet b&amp;uuml;t&amp;ccedil;esinin fey ve ganimet gelirlerinden belli hisseleri bulunduğunu ifade eden &amp;acirc;yet ve hadislerin varlığı bu h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n temel dayanaklarını oluşturmuştur. Ancak bu konuda fakihler; biri, ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;e ganimetten pay verilmezse dahi onların zek&amp;acirc;t alamayacağı, diğeri ise ganimetten pay verilmemesi durumunda onların zek&amp;acirc;t alabileceği şeklinde olmak &amp;uuml;zere temelde iki g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş serdetmişlerdir. Bu meselede m&amp;uuml;stakil bir risale kaleme alıp g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; hikmet &amp;uuml;zere ortaya koyan &lt;a name="_Hlk208765406"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;son devir İsl&amp;acirc;m &amp;acirc;limlerinden Seyyid Ali Fındık&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin (1892-1968) bu konudaki g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml; ise mak&amp;acirc;sıd&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;ş-şer&amp;icirc;a&amp;rsquo;nın &amp;ouml;zellikle zar&amp;ucirc;riyy&amp;acirc;t kapsamındaki hayat hakkı ile beden b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ifade eden canın korunmasını ve nesil ile kişilik g&amp;uuml;venliğini ifade eden ırzın korunmasını ortaya koyması a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. &lt;a name="_Hlk208764879"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Şırnak&amp;rsquo;ın G&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml;konak il&amp;ccedil;esine bağlı Fındık k&amp;ouml;y&amp;uuml;nden s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc; bir fak&amp;icirc;h olan Fındık&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;ye g&amp;ouml;re Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in (s.a.s.) ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;ine ve akrabalarına zek&amp;acirc;t verilmesi/verilmemesi konusunda &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş vardır: Bunlardan birinci g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şe g&amp;ouml;re konuyla ilgili hadis nasslarından dolayı ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;e zek&amp;acirc;t verilmez. Ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;in şerefli ve y&amp;uuml;ksek konumundan dolayı onlara insanların kiri sayılan zak&amp;acirc;tlarının verilmesi uygun değildir. Bu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şekilerden bazılarına g&amp;ouml;re ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;e zek&amp;acirc;t verilmemesi esastır, ancak onların zek&amp;acirc;t alması durumunda bu, onlar i&amp;ccedil;in bir g&amp;uuml;nah sebebi değildir. İkinci g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şe g&amp;ouml;re Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in (s.a.s.) ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;ine ve akrabalarına zek&amp;acirc;t verilmemesinin illeti/şartı, onlara devlet hazinesinden ganimet (humus) gelirinden pay tahsis edilmesidir. İllet ortadan kalkınca h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;m de ortadan kalkar ve bu durumda ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;e zekat verilir. &amp;Uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nce g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şe g&amp;ouml;re ise ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;e hi&amp;ccedil;bir şekilde zekat verilemez. Zira bu, ehl-i beyt i&amp;ccedil;in bir tahkir ve terzil sebebidir. İlk iki g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml; makul g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şler olarak kabul eden Fındık&amp;icirc;, eleştiri oklarını &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş sahiplerine &amp;ccedil;evirerek onları &lt;a name="_Hlk208765286"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;katı kalpli ve ta&amp;lsquo;n edici kimseler olarak niteler, s&amp;ouml;zkonusu bu kimselerin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n b&amp;acirc;tıl bir g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş olduğunu belirterek onlara reddiyelerde bulunur. Bu makalemiz, Seyyid Ali Fındık&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin ehl-i beyt&amp;rsquo;e zekat verilmesinin cevazı konusundaki g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ve bu meselede makasıd&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;ş-şer&amp;icirc;a&amp;rsquo;ya dayalı tahlillerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Due to the hadiths of the Prophet (s.a.s.), &amp;ldquo;It is not lawful for us to take sadaqa/zakat&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;Sons of Hashim, Allah has forbidden you the filth and impurities of people. Instead, He has given you the humus (one-fifth of one-fifth of the booty),&amp;rdquo; the common opinion in Fiqh is that it is not lawful for his descendants, the Ahl al-Bayt, and his relatives, the Hashimites and Muttalibites, to take zakat. Undoubtedly, the existence of verses and hadiths stating that the Ahl al-Bayt and close relatives of the Prophet (s.a.s.) had specific shares from the fey and booty revenues of the state budget formed the main basis of this ruling. However, in this matter, the fuqaha expressed two views: one, that the Ahl al-Bayt cannot take zakat even if they are not given a share from the booty; the other, that if they are not given a share from the booty, they may take zakat. The opinion of Sayyid Ali &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Fındık&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt; (1892&amp;ndash;1968), one of the later Islamic scholars who wrote an independent risala on this issue and presented his view with wisdom, is important in terms of demonstrating the protection of life&amp;mdash;which expresses the right to life and bodily integrity within the scope of the daruriyyat of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;makasıd&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;ş-şer&amp;icirc;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt; ma&amp;mdash;and the protection of honor, which expresses lineage and personal security. According to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Fındık&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;, a Sufi faqih from the village of Fındık in the G&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml;konak district of Şırnak, there are three opinions regarding the giving or not giving of zakat to the Ahl al-Bayt and the relatives of the Prophet (s.a.s.): According to the first opinion, zakat is not given to the Ahl al-Bayt due to the hadith texts on the subject. Because of the honorable and exalted status of the Ahl al-Bayt, it is not appropriate to give them the zakat of people, which is regarded as filth. According to some of those who hold this opinion, the basis is that zakat is not to be given to the Ahl al-Bayt, but if they do receive zakat, it is not considered a sin for them. According to the second opinion, the condition (&amp;lsquo;illah) for zakat not being given to the Ahl al-Bayt and the relatives of the Prophet (s.a.s.) is the allocation of a share from the booty (humus) revenues of the state treasury. When the condition disappears, the ruling also disappears, and in this case zakat may be given to the Ahl al-Bayt. According to the third opinion, zakat can in no way be given to the Ahl al-Bayt, for this is a reason for their humiliation and degradation. Accepting the first two opinions as reasonable, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Fındık&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt; turned his criticism toward those who held the third opinion, characterizing them as hard-hearted and fault-finding individuals, and stating that their opinion is a false one, he presented refutations against them. This article aims to present Sayyid Ali &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Fındık&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;rsquo;s view on the permissibility of giving zakat to the Ahl al-Bayt and his &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;makasıd&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;ş-şer&amp;icirc;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;lsquo;-based analyses of this matter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87545</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1815-1831]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/67</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Duygusal Zeka ve Manevi Gelişimin Eğitimsel Bir Bakış Açısıyla Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Evaluating Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Development from an Educational Perspective]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İsmail DEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din eğitimi, Duygusal zeka, Manevi gelişim, Bütüncül eğitim, Ahlaki değerler.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious education, Emotional intelligence, Spiritual development, Holistic education, Moral values.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın temel amacı, dijital &amp;ccedil;ağın bireyler &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisini, &amp;ouml;zellikle duygusal zek&amp;acirc; ve ruhsal gelişim bağlamında değerlendirmek ve bireylerin b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l gelişimi i&amp;ccedil;in eğitim s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde bu iki &amp;ouml;nemli alanın birlikte ele alınmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, nitel y&amp;ouml;ntemler kullanılarak yapılandırılmış ve mevcut literat&amp;uuml;r ışığında kavramsal ve teorik temellere dayanmaktadır. Dijital teknolojilerin g&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;k yaşamdaki artan etkisi, bireylerin duygusal ve ruhsal y&amp;ouml;nlerini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Araştırma sonu&amp;ccedil;ları, duygusal zek&amp;acirc;nın temel bileşenleri olan &amp;ouml;z farkındalık, empati, &amp;ouml;z kontrol ve i&amp;ccedil;sel motivasyonun, bireylerin dijital ortamlarla sağlıklı, dengeli ve bilin&amp;ccedil;li ilişkiler kurmasına &amp;ouml;nemli &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de katkıda bulunduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. &amp;Ouml;te yandan ruhsal gelişim, bireyin hayatına anlam katma, etik değerlere uygun hareket etme ve i&amp;ccedil;sel dengeyi sağlamada &amp;ouml;nemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, eğitimcilerin ve m&amp;uuml;fredat geliştiricilerinin, dijital &amp;ccedil;ağın getirdiği psikolojik, sosyal ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel zorluklara karşı daha diren&amp;ccedil;li bireyler yetiştirmek i&amp;ccedil;in duygusal zek&amp;acirc; temelli ve ruhsal gelişim odaklı yaklaşımları eğitim sistemine b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l bir şekilde entegre etmeleri b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;nem taşımaktadır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the digital age on individuals, particularly in the context of emotional intelligence and spiritual development, and to demonstrate the necessity of addressing these two important areas together in educational processes for the holistic development of individuals. The research is structured using qualitative methods and grounded in conceptual and theoretical grounding in light of existing literature. The increasing influence of digital technologies in daily life directly impacts individuals' emotional and spiritual aspects. The research results demonstrate that self-awareness, empathy, self-control, and intrinsic motivation, the core components of emotional intelligence, significantly contribute to individuals establishing healthy, balanced, and conscious relationships with digital environments. On the other hand, spiritual development plays a crucial role in giving meaning to an individual's life, acting in accordance with ethical values, and establishing inner balance. In this context, it is crucial for educators and curriculum developers to holistically integrate emotional intelligence-based and spirituality-focused approaches into the education system to cultivate individuals who are more resilient to the psychological, social, and cultural challenges brought about by the digital age. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87529</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[857-910]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/68</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Üç Şeyh Üç Post Tek Mekan: Bölünen Menzil Tarikatında Kardeş Şeyhlerin Simgesel Mücadelesinin Cepheleri ve Argümanları ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Three Sheikhs, Three Posts, One Place: The Fronts and Arguments of the Symbolic Struggle of the Brother Sheikhs in the Divided Menzil Order ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hamit AKTÜRK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Sosyolojisi, Dini Grup, Dini Gruplarda Bölünme, Şeyh, Halife, Menzil Tarikatı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Religion, Religious Group, Division in Religious Groups, Sheikh, Caliph, Menzil Order]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&amp;ouml;z&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk203563759"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışma, Temmuz 2023&amp;rsquo;te vefat eden Menzil tarikatının şeyhi Abdulbaki Erol&amp;rsquo;un halife tayin edilen &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; oğlunun arasında yaşanan daha &amp;ouml;nce benzeri g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmeyen şeyhlik m&amp;uuml;cadelesini Bourdieu kuram ve kavramlarıyla incelemektedir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışmanın problemi, kardeş şeyhlerin iktidar m&amp;uuml;cadelesi, bu m&amp;uuml;cadelenin cepheleri, m&amp;uuml;cadelede &amp;ouml;ne s&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;len arg&amp;uuml;manlardır. Yeni ve rekabet i&amp;ccedil;erisindeki şeyhler arasında s&amp;uuml;ren m&amp;uuml;cadeleyi tahlil edebilmek i&amp;ccedil;in araştırma soruları oluşturulmuş, sorular durum &amp;ccedil;alışması y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın amacı; dini gruplarda liderlik m&amp;uuml;cadelelerini, karizma &amp;uuml;retim mekanizmalarını, yatay ve dikey ilişkileri, bu ilişkileri ve mekanizmaları &amp;uuml;reten, etkileyen, d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;ren bağlamı anlayabilmektir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk203563759;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;Şeyhlerin sembolik m&amp;uuml;cadelelerinde cepheler, sermaye kavramıyla ifade edilen alanları karşılayacak şekilde ele alınmış ve bu anlamda d&amp;ouml;rt sermaye cephesinde s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;len m&amp;uuml;cadele ve bu m&amp;uuml;cadelede &amp;ouml;ne s&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;len arg&amp;uuml;manlar irdelenmiştir. M&amp;uuml;cadelenin cepheleri; sosyal sermaye, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel sermaye, ekonomik sermaye ve sembolik sermaye m&amp;uuml;cadelesi olarak tasnif edilmiştir. Her sermaye alanı kendi i&amp;ccedil;inde alt kategorilere ayrılarak derinleştirilmiş, sermayelerin birbirlerine d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ml&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;kleri ve ge&amp;ccedil;işlilikleri g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde bulundurularak bu tasnifler esnek tutulmuştur. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk203563759;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;Şeyh kardeşlerin iki yıldır devam eden, sonu&amp;ccedil;lanmamış bu rekabetinde, alanda sert bir m&amp;uuml;cadele s&amp;uuml;rerken ortanca ve k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k kardeş ağabeylerine karşı -ge&amp;ccedil;ici ve lokal- ittifak yapmış, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k kardeş M&amp;uuml;barek Erol, cephesini g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirmek i&amp;ccedil;in miras olarak devr aldığı ekonomik ve kurumsal sermayeyi sahaya s&amp;uuml;rm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. B&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k kardeş Saki Erol ise m&amp;uuml;cadeleyi t&amp;uuml;m sermaye sahalarına yayarak, ele ge&amp;ccedil;iremediği sermaye mirasına karşılık paralel sermaye ağları inşa etmeye odaklanmıştır. Bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te hem grubun merkezi Menzil k&amp;ouml;y&amp;uuml; hem de m&amp;uuml;rit kitlesi homojen olmasa da &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;e ayrılmıştır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışmada tarafların m&amp;uuml;cadele &amp;uuml;sluplarından, reflekslerinden &amp;ccedil;izdikleri liderlik profili de &amp;ccedil;ıkarılmış, b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k kardeş M. Saki Erol&amp;rsquo;un sert, m&amp;uuml;cadeleci ve karizmatik portresine karşın, k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k kardeş M. M&amp;uuml;barek Erol&amp;rsquo;un daha uzlaşmacı bir liderlik profiline sahip olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;Oğul şeyhlerin ve taraftarlarının, m&amp;uuml;ritlerin tercihlerini etkileme gayreti, b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;nen mekanın imlediği dayanışma ve b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;k kaybı, grubun mistik havasını bozmuş; tartışmalar, miras kavgaları grubun enerjisini ve itibarını hem i&amp;ccedil;erde hem dışarda azaltmıştır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;&amp;Uuml;lkemizde ve d&amp;uuml;nya genelinde dini gruplarla ilgili akademik değeri y&amp;uuml;ksek pek &amp;ccedil;ok &amp;ccedil;alışma yapılmış ve yapılmaktadır. Ancak dini grupların b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;nme s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;leri, b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;nmenin bağlamı, b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;nme s&amp;uuml;recinde liderlik ilişkileri, b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;nen par&amp;ccedil;aların birbirleriyle alan m&amp;uuml;cadelesi &amp;uuml;lkemizde hen&amp;uuml;z m&amp;uuml;stakil bir &amp;ccedil;alışmada ele alınmamıştır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;The study examines the unprecedented struggle for sheikhship between the three sons of Abdulbaki Erol, the sheikh of the Menzil order, who passed away in July 2023, using Bourdieu theories and concepts. The problem of the study is the power struggle of the brother sheikhs, the fronts of this struggle and the arguments put forward in the struggle. In order to analyze the struggle between new and competing sheikhs, research questions were formulated and analyzed using the case study method.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;The fronts in the symbolic struggles of the sheikhs have been handled in a way to meet the areas expressed by the concept of capital, and in this sense, the struggle on four capital fronts and the arguments put forward in this struggle have been examined. The fronts of the struggle are categorized as social capital, cultural capital, economic capital and symbolic capital. Each capital field has been deepened by dividing it into subcategories, and these classifications have been kept flexible by taking into account the transformations and transitivity of capitals to each other.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;In this struggle of the rival sheikh brothers, which has been going on for nearly two years and is still inconclusive, the middle and younger brothers have made a temporary and local alliance against their older brother, while the older brother has focused on building parallel capital networks in return for the capital inheritance he could not seize by spreading the struggle to all capital fields.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;In this process, both the Menzil village, the center of the group, and the mass of followers were divided into three, albeit not homogeneously. On the fronts of the symbolic struggle between the three brothers, it can be said that at the end of the last two years, the picture has crystallized as follows: M. Saki Erol gained advantages such as rebuilding his religious, institutional and social networks, being the eldest son, gaining the support of some prominent figures, and took various initiatives to transform his socio-religious capital into economic capital. On the other hand, the other two brothers allied, albeit temporarily, against their elder brother M. Saki Erol. Rather than an alliance of two equal authorities, this alliance seems to be an alliance of the younger brother M. Mubarak Erol patronizing his older brother M. Fattah Erol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;M. Mubarak Erol, the younger brother who inherited the brands identified with Menzil, such as Samarkand and Beshir, effectively used the symbolic power of these institutions to consolidate his power in the struggle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;In this symbolic polarization, the middle brother, M. Fettah Erol, apparently remained relatively weak between the two powerful leaders and allied himself with his younger brother, whom he found close to him. In our opinion, one of the reasons why the younger brother was preferred for the alliance was the determined and harsh opposition of his older brother. It is likely that he preferred a more conciliatory and relatively weaker magnetic force rather than a weak alliance with a strong and charismatic leader. For the time being, M. Fattah Erol is acting in tandem with his younger brother M. Mubarak Erol, but it is likely that he will leave the alliance as circumstances change and maintain his own independent position, perhaps in a different venue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;In the study, the leadership profile of the sides was also drawn from their struggle styles and reflexes, and it was seen that the younger brother M. Mubarak Erol had a more conciliatory leadership profile, despite the harsh and charismatic portrait of the elder brother M. Saki Erol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;The efforts of the son sheikhs and their followers to influence the preferences of the disciples, the loss of solidarity and integrity implied by the divided space, disrupted the mystical atmosphere of the group; arguments and inheritance fights diminished the group's energy and reputation both internally and externally.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 6.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;There have been and are many quality studies on religious groups in our country and around the world. However, the division processes of religious groups, the context of the division, leadership relations in the process of division, and the struggle of the divided parts with each other in the field have not yet been addressed in an independent study in our country. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87518</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1621-1643]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/69</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Manevî Değerlerin Başa Çıkma Süreçlerindeki Rolü: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Nitel Bir İnceleme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Role of Spiritual Values in Coping Processes: A Qualitative Study on University Students]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatma ULU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Maneviyat, Değerler, Manevi Değerler, Üniversite Öğrencileri]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious psychology, Spirituality, Values, Spiritual Values, University Students]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Değerler bireyin yaşamında, duygu, d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce ve sosyal ilişkilerin belirlenmesinde &amp;ouml;nemli rol &amp;lrm;oynayan unsurlardan biridir. Bireyler, sahip oldukları ya da &amp;ouml;nemsedikleri değerler bağlamında &amp;lrm;yaşadıkları sorunlarla başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma eğilimi g&amp;ouml;sterebilir; bu değerler aracılığıyla yaşamı &amp;lrm;anlamlandırabilir ve tepkilerini y&amp;ouml;nlendirebilirler. Bu araştırmanın amacı, 18-25 yaş grubundaki &amp;lrm;bireylerin g&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;k yaşam pratiklerinde karşılaştıkları durumlarda başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma amacıyla &amp;lrm;kullandıkları değerlerin belirlemektir.&amp;lrm; Araştırmada fenomenolojik yaklaşım tercih edilmiştir. &amp;lrm;Katılımcılar, T&amp;uuml;rkiye'deki bir devlet &amp;lrm;&amp;uuml;niversitesinde &amp;ouml;ğrenim g&amp;ouml;ren 18-25 yaş aralığındaki &amp;lrm;gen&amp;ccedil;lerden oluşmaktadır. Maksimum &amp;lrm;&amp;ccedil;eşitlilik &amp;ouml;rnekleme y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle &amp;lrm; se&amp;ccedil;ilen katılımcılar arasında farklı yaş seviyelerinden kadın ve &amp;lrm;erkek &amp;ouml;ğrenciler yer almaktadır. Toplam 20 katılımcı (10 kadın, 10 erkek) ile yarı yapılandırılmış &amp;lrm;g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şmeler ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında Muğla Sıtkı Ko&amp;ccedil;man &amp;Uuml;niversitesi Sosyal &amp;lrm;ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu tarafından 29.11.2023 tarihinde 230099 protokol no &amp;lrm;ve 101 karar no ile etik onay alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından &amp;lrm;geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formu kullanılmış; formda katılımcıların cinsiyet ve yaş &amp;lrm;bilgilerine ek olarak g&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;k yaşamda ve baş etmede kullandıkları değerlere ilişkin beş soruya yer &amp;lrm;verilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA 2022 yazılımı ile analiz edilmiş, a&amp;ccedil;ık kodlama &amp;lrm;sonrasında ifadeler temalara d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r.&amp;lrm; Analiz sonucunda, başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma ve manevi değerlerin hayata yansıması bağlamında &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkan &amp;lrm;değerlerin affetme, ş&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;r, azim ve sabır olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Affetme, bireyin kırgınlık, &amp;ouml;fke ve &amp;lrm;hayal kırıklığı gibi olumsuz duygulara karşı geliştirdiği bir anlamlandırma s&amp;uuml;reci olarak ortaya &amp;lrm;&amp;ccedil;ıkmıştır. Ş&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;r temasında, bireylerin yaşam ihtiya&amp;ccedil;larını karşılama, gelecek kaygısı, kendini &amp;lrm;şanslı hissetme, aileye sahip olma, başkalarından daha iyi durumda olma, sağlıklı olma, &amp;lrm;sevdiklerinin mutluluğu ve genel yaşam memnuniyeti gibi unsurları &amp;ouml;n plana &amp;ccedil;ıkardıkları &amp;lrm;belirlenmiştir. &amp;lrm;Azim temasında ise katılımcıların başarılı olma y&amp;ouml;ntemleri (hedef belirleme, &amp;ccedil;alışma, tavsiye &amp;lrm;dinleme) ve başarısızlığa verdikleri tepkiler (&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;lme, sorgulama, daha &amp;ccedil;ok &amp;ccedil;alışma, kendini &amp;lrm;su&amp;ccedil;lama) dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekmiştir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bu bağlamda, kırılganlık yaratan olumsuz duygulara rağmen &amp;lrm;sorgulama ve &amp;ccedil;aba g&amp;ouml;stermenin &amp;ouml;nemsendiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Sabır teması, &amp;ldquo;sabırlı olma&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;sabırlı &amp;lrm;olmama&amp;rdquo; y&amp;ouml;nleriyle iki boyutta ele alınmıştır. Sabırlı olma kapsamında sorunları anlamaya &amp;lrm;&amp;ccedil;alışma, kabullenme, dua etme, m&amp;uuml;zik dinleme, yardım isteme ve sakin kalma gibi kodlamalar &amp;lrm;&amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmıştır. Bu bulgular, sabrın pasif s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;ler i&amp;ccedil;ermesine rağmen, azimle birleştiğinde aktif bir &amp;lrm;başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma stratejisine d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, araştırmada &amp;uuml;niversite &amp;ouml;ğrencilerinin g&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;k yaşamda karşılaştıkları g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml;klerle &amp;lrm;başa &amp;ccedil;ıkarken en &amp;ccedil;ok affetme, ş&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;r, azim ve sabır değerlerinden yararlandıkları belirlenmiştir. &amp;lrm;Bu değerler, bireylerin hem olumsuz duygularını y&amp;ouml;netmelerinde hem de yaşamı anlamlandırma &amp;lrm;s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde &amp;ouml;nemli işlevler &amp;uuml;stlenmektedir.&amp;lrm;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Values are among the key elements that play a significant role in shaping an individual's life, emotions, thoughts, and social relationships. Individuals may tend to cope with the challenges they face within the framework of the values they hold or prioritize; through these values, they can make sense of life and guide their reactions. The aim of this study is to identify the values utilized by individuals aged 18&amp;ndash;25 in coping with situations they encounter in their daily lives. A phenomenological approach was adopted in this research. The participants consisted of young adults aged between 18 and 25 who were studying at a public university in Turkey. Using the maximum variation sampling method, participants were selected to include both male and female students from different age groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 20 participants (10 female, 10 male). Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee for Social and Human Sciences Research at Muğla Sıtkı Ko&amp;ccedil;man University on 29.11.2023 with protocol number 230099 and decision number 101. As the data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher was used. In addition to demographic questions regarding participants&amp;rsquo; gender and age, the form included five questions related to the values they employ in daily life and coping processes. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2022 software. Following open coding, expressions were transformed into themes. The analysis revealed that the values of forgiveness, gratitude, perseverance, and patience were prominent in the context of coping and the reflection of spiritual values in life. Forgiveness emerged as a meaning-making process developed by individuals in response to negative emotions such as resentment, anger, and disappointment. Within the theme of gratitude, elements such as meeting basic life needs, concerns about the future, feeling fortunate, having a family, being in a better situation than others, being healthy, the happiness of loved ones, and general life satisfaction were emphasized. In the theme of perseverance, participants highlighted methods for achieving success (setting goals, studying, listening to advice) and their reactions to failure (feeling upset, questioning, working harder, self-blame). In this context, it was observed that despite the presence of vulnerability-inducing negative emotions, individuals placed importance on questioning and effort. The theme of patience was addressed in two dimensions: being patient and not being patient. Within the scope of being patient, codes such as trying to understand problems, acceptance, praying, listening to music, seeking help, and staying calm came to the forefront. These findings suggest that although patience involves passive processes, when combined with perseverance, it can transform into an active coping strategy. In conclusion, the study found that university students most frequently draw upon the values of forgiveness, gratitude, perseverance, and patience in coping with the difficulties they encounter in daily life. These values play significant roles both in the management of negative emotions and in the process of making sense of life.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87428</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[367-396]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/70</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Türkiye'de Din Sosyolojisi Alanında 2018-2025 Yılları Arasında Yazılan Doktora Tezlerinin Konu ve Yöntem Eğilimleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Topic and Method Trends in Doctoral Dissertations Written in the Sociology of Religion in Türkiye (2018–2025)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdurrahman YALÇİ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Sosyolojisi, Konu Eğilimleri, Yöntem Eğilimleri, Konu ve Yöntem Matrisi, Raporlama Standartları]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Religion, Subject Trends, Methodological Trends, Subject and Methodology Matrix, Reporting Standards]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018-2025 yılları arasında T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de din sosyolojisi alanında tamamlanan 118 doktora tezinin konu ve y&amp;ouml;ntem eğilimlerini sistematik bi&amp;ccedil;imde haritalamayı ama&amp;ccedil;layan &amp;ccedil;alışmamız, veri setini yıllara ve &amp;uuml;niversitelere g&amp;ouml;re d&amp;uuml;zenlenmiş tez şablonlarından derlemektedir. Nitel i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi ve sistematik dok&amp;uuml;man incelemesi tasarımı bağlamında yapılan kodlamalar, sıfır tahmin ilkesi ile yalnızca tezlerin y&amp;ouml;ntem kısımlarında a&amp;ccedil;ık&amp;ccedil;a beyan edilen veri toplama ve analiz tekniklerine dayanmaktadır. Konu sınıflaması ise, literat&amp;uuml;re uyumlu bi&amp;ccedil;imde y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Y&amp;ouml;ntem t&amp;uuml;rleri nitel, nicel ve karma olarak standardize edilmekte; kuramsal ve belge temelli &amp;ccedil;alışmalar nitel kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Bulgular, tezlerin 85&amp;rsquo;inin nitel, 23&amp;rsquo;&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n nicel, 10&amp;rsquo;unun karma desenle y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Konu yoğunlaşmasının başta dindarlık, din&amp;icirc; y&amp;ouml;nelim ve sosyalleşme olmak &amp;uuml;zere kuramsal, tarihsel ile siyaset&amp;ndash;din, din-kimlik ve mezhep-din&amp;icirc; grup k&amp;uuml;melerinde toplandığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Yıllık eğilimde 2019-2021 d&amp;ouml;neminde &amp;uuml;retim belirgin bi&amp;ccedil;imde artmakta, 2021 tepe yılı sonrasında 2023&amp;rsquo;te d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ş ve 2024&amp;rsquo;te kısmi toparlanma izlenmektedir. &amp;Uuml;niversiteler arası karşılaştırmada ampirik y&amp;ouml;nelim Ankara &amp;Uuml;niversitesi ve Marmara &amp;Uuml;niversitesi&amp;rsquo;nde belirginleşirken, S&amp;uuml;leyman Demirel &amp;Uuml;niversitesi&amp;rsquo;nde&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;kuramsal-belge ağırlığı &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmakta, Uludağ &amp;Uuml;niversitesi&amp;rsquo;nde ise teorik-ampirik denge dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekmektedir. Konu ve y&amp;ouml;ntem eşleşmeleri, dindarlık ve din&amp;icirc; y&amp;ouml;nelim başlığında nicel &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;ekli tasarımların; kimlik, mezhep ve siyaset&amp;ndash;din başlıklarında nitel sahaya dayalı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme ve dok&amp;uuml;man-s&amp;ouml;ylem analizlerinin baskın olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmamız, T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de din sosyolojisi doktora &amp;uuml;retiminin ampirikleşen bir hatta ilerlediğini, ancak raporlama standartlarında (COREQ/SRQR-STROBE) ve veri analiz şeffaflığında iyileştirme payı bulunduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bulgular, konu ve y&amp;ouml;ntem tercihlerinin &amp;uuml;niversite ekolleri ve erişilebilir saha ve arşiv ağlarıyla ilişkilendiğini; &amp;ccedil;evre, su&amp;ccedil;, ekonomi, pop&amp;uuml;ler k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r gibi az &amp;ccedil;alışılmış alt alanlarda &amp;ccedil;eşitlenmenin artırılmasının kurumsal ekolojiyi dengeleyeceğini d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;rmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Our study, which aims to systematically map the topic and method trends of 118 doctoral dissertations completed in the sociology of religion in T&amp;uuml;rkiye between 2018 and 2025, compiles its dataset from thesis templates organized by year and university. The codings made in the context of a qualitative content analysis and systematic document analysis design are based on the zero-inference principle and rely only on data collection and analysis techniques explicitly stated in the methods sections of the theses. The topic classification is carried out in line with the literature. Method types are standardized as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed; theoretical and document-based studies are evaluated within the qualitative scope. The findings show that 85 of the theses were conducted with a qualitative design, 23 with a quantitative design, and 10 with a mixed design. They also show that topic concentration is clustered primarily in religiosity, religious orientation, and socialization, as well as in theoretical and historical studies, and in the clusters of religion&amp;ndash;politics, religion&amp;ndash;identity, and sect&amp;ndash;religious group. In the annual trend, production increases markedly during 2019&amp;ndash;2021, with a decline after the peak year of 2021 and a partial recovery in 2024. In the inter-university comparison, empirical orientation becomes evident at Ankara University and Marmara University, while a theoretical-document emphasis stands out at S&amp;uuml;leyman Demirel University, and a theoretical&amp;ndash;empirical balance is noteworthy at Uludağ University. The topic&amp;ndash;method matches reveal that quantitative scale-based designs are dominant under the heading of religiosity and religious orientation; and that interview- and document/discourse-analysis-based qualitative field studies are dominant under the headings of identity, sect, and religion&amp;ndash;politics. Our research shows that doctoral production in the sociology of religion in T&amp;uuml;rkiye is advancing along an empiricizing trajectory, but that there remains room for improvement in reporting standards (COREQ/SRQR-STROBE) and data-analysis transparency. The findings suggest that topic and method preferences are related to university schools and accessible field and archive networks, and that increasing diversification in under-studied subfields such as environment, crime, economy, and popular culture will balance the institutional ecology.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87362</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2331-2355]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/71</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[“Aslı Yoktur” Kavramının Tarihi Serencamı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ Historical Development of the Concept “Has No Basis”]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed AKDOĞAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadîs, lâ asla leh, Lâ a‘rifu lehu aslen, Lem ecid lehu aslen, Lem ekıf lehu alâ aslin, Leyse lehu aslun, Lâ yu’rafu lehu aslun, Lem yûced lehu aslun.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Lā asla lah, Lā a‘rifu lahu alan, Lam ajid lahu aslan, Lam aqif lahu ‘alâ aslin, Laysa lahu aslun, Lā yu‘rafu lahu aslun, Lam yūjad lahu aslun.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, hadis terminolojisinde sık&amp;ccedil;a kullanılan &amp;ldquo;aslı yoktur&amp;rdquo; kavramının tarihsel gelişimini kapsamlı bi&amp;ccedil;imde incelemektedir. Makale, &amp;ouml;zellikle hadislerin zayıf veya uydurma olup olmadığını belirlemede kullanılan &amp;ldquo;l&amp;acirc; asla leh&amp;rdquo; ve t&amp;uuml;revleri &amp;uuml;zerinde durmaktadır. Araştırma, erken d&amp;ouml;nem hadis otoritelerinden başlayarak sonraki asırlarda bu kavramın kullanım alanlarının nasıl genişlediğini ve varsa nasıl değiştiğini kronolojik bir yaklaşımla ortaya koymaktadır. Hadislerin sahih, hasen, zayıf ve mevz&amp;ucirc; olarak tasnifinde kullanılan lafızların, zamanla ortak bir ıstılah haline gelmesinin s&amp;uuml;rece yayıldığı belirtilmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede &amp;ldquo;aslı yoktur&amp;rdquo; anlamına gelen farklı ifadeler &amp;ndash;&amp;ldquo;l&amp;acirc; asla leh&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;l&amp;acirc; a&amp;lsquo;rifu lehu aslen&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;lem ecid lehu aslen&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;lem ekıf lehu al&amp;acirc; aslin&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;leyse lehu aslun&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;l&amp;acirc; yu&amp;lsquo;rafu lehu aslun&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;lem y&amp;ucirc;ced lehu aslun&amp;rdquo;&amp;ndash; detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın ana g&amp;ouml;vdesinde, s&amp;ouml;z konusu lafızları kullanan muhaddisler, kullanım &amp;ouml;rnekleri ve bağlamları ele alınmaktadır. Makale, bu kavramların yalnızca uydurma hadisler i&amp;ccedil;in değil, aynı zamanda s&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;n yanlış kişiye isn&amp;acirc;dı, merf&amp;ucirc;-mevk&amp;ucirc;f ayrımı, riv&amp;acirc;yetin m&amp;uuml;t&amp;acirc;bi&amp;icirc;, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n veya sah&amp;icirc;h s&amp;uuml;nnetle &amp;ccedil;elişmesi gibi durumlarda da kullanıldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bazı riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin &amp;ldquo;aslı yoktur&amp;rdquo; lafzıyla birlikte &amp;ldquo;b&amp;acirc;tıl&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;m&amp;uuml;nker&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;mevz&amp;ucirc;&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;kezib&amp;rdquo; gibi terimlerle birlikte değerlendirildiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Bu bağlamda kavramın işlevselliğinin sadece zayıf veya mevz&amp;ucirc; hadisleri belirtmekle sınırlı olmadığı, hadis metin ve isn&amp;acirc;dının problemli olduğu durumlarda kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın sonu&amp;ccedil; b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;nde, erken d&amp;ouml;nem &amp;acirc;limlerinin kullandığı &amp;ldquo;l&amp;acirc; asla leh&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;leyse lehu aslun&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;l&amp;acirc; yu&amp;rsquo;rafu lehu&amp;rdquo; gibi lafızların sonraki d&amp;ouml;nemlerde farklı varyantlarla zenginleştiği, &amp;ouml;zellikle mevz&amp;ucirc; ve m&amp;uuml;ştehir had&amp;icirc;s literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nde yaygınlaştığı belirtilmektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak &amp;ldquo;aslı yoktur&amp;rdquo; kavramının, hadislerin sıhhat değerlendirmesinde &amp;ouml;nemli bir terminolojik ara&amp;ccedil; olduğu; ancak tek başına riv&amp;acirc;yetin uydurma olduğuna h&amp;uuml;kmetmek i&amp;ccedil;in yeterli olmayıp, bağlamına g&amp;ouml;re farklı anlam katmanları taşıdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırma, hadis terminolojisinin tarih&amp;icirc; s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;teki gelişimini, muhaddislerin riv&amp;acirc;yetleri değerlendirme usullerini ve &amp;ldquo;aslı yoktur&amp;rdquo; kavramının &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu kullanımını ortaya koyarak, hadis tenkidinde kullanılan teknik terimlerin kavramsal zenginliğine ışık tutmaktadır. B&amp;ouml;ylece hadis araştırmalarında kullanılan klasik terminolojinin tarih&amp;icirc; k&amp;ouml;kenlerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır.&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study comprehensively examines the historical development of the concept frequently used in hadith terminology as &amp;ldquo;it has no basis.&amp;rdquo; The article focuses particularly on the expression &amp;ldquo;lā asla lah&amp;rdquo; and its derivatives, which are employed to determine whether hadiths are daʿīf or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;mawdūʿ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;. The research, by adopting a chronological approach, reveals how the scope of this concept expanded and, if applicable, transformed from the early hadith authorities to later centuries. It is emphasized that the terms used in the classification of hadiths as sahīh, hasan, daʿīf, and mawdūʿ became established as a shared terminology over time. Within this framework, different expressions meaning &amp;ldquo;it has no basis&amp;rdquo;&amp;mdash;&amp;ldquo;lā asla lah,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;lā aʿrifu lahu aslan,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;lam ajid lahu aslan,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;lam aqif lahu ʿalā aslin,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;laysa lahu aslun,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;lā yuʿrafu lahu aslun,&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;lam yūjad lahu aslun&amp;rdquo;&amp;mdash;are examined in detail. In the main body of the research, the hadith scholars who used these expressions, their usage examples, and contexts are discussed. The article demonstrates that these concepts were employed not only for &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;mawdūʿ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;hadiths, but also in cases such as misattributing a statement to the wrong person, distinguishing between marfūʿ and mawqūf reports, the absence of corroborating transmissions, or contradictions with the Qurʾān or authentic Sunnah. Moreover, it is observed that some reports labeled with the expression &amp;ldquo;it has no basis&amp;rdquo; were also evaluated together with terms such as &amp;ldquo;bātil&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;munkar&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;mawdūʿ&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;kadhb&amp;rdquo;. In this respect, it is identified that the functionality of the concept is not limited to indicating daʿīf or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;mawdūʿ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt; hadiths, but it was also used in situations where the text or isnād of the hadith was problematic. In the conclusion of the study, it is stated that the expressions employed by early scholars such as &amp;ldquo;lā asla lah,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;laysa lahu aslun,&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;lā yuʿrafu lahu&amp;rdquo; became enriched with different variants in later periods and became widespread particularly in mawdūʿ and mushtahir hadith literature. As a result, it is concluded that the concept of &amp;ldquo;it has no basis&amp;rdquo; is an important terminological tool in the evaluation of hadith authenticity; however, it is not sufficient on its own to judge a narration as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;mawdūʿ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;, since it carries different layers of meaning depending on the context. This research, by revealing the historical development of hadith terminology, the methods of hadith scholars in evaluating narrations, and the multidimensional usage of the concept &amp;ldquo;it has no basis,&amp;rdquo; sheds light on the conceptual richness of technical terms employed in hadith criticism. Thus, it contributes to a better understanding of the historical origins of the classical terminology used in hadith studies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87307</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1581-1598]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/72</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tefsirde Yapay Zeka Uygulamaları: Alan Araştırması ve Chatgpt-4o, Google Gemini Advanced 1.5 Pro İle Microsoft Copilot’un Karşılaştırması]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence Applications in Tafsir: Field Research and Chatgpt-4o, Comparison of Google Gemini Advanced 1.5 Pro and Microsoft Copilot]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdullatif DOĞRU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Esra HACIMÜFTÜOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Kur’an, Microsoft Copilot, Google Gemini Advanced 1.5 Pro, ChatGPT-4o.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Qurʾān, Microsoft Copilot, Google Gemini Advanced 1.5 Pro, ChatGPT-4o]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt 10.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;z: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde ilk ciddi adımlarını atmaya başlayan yapay zeka teknolojisi g&amp;uuml;n ge&amp;ccedil;tik&amp;ccedil;e hayatın her alanında kendini daha fazla hissettirmeye devam etmektedir. Yapay zekanın kendinin hissettirdiği ve ilişki kurduğu &amp;ouml;nemli alanlardan biri de sosyal bilimler başlığı altında olan ilahiyat alanıdır. Bu bağlamda makale Tefsir ve yapay zeka ilişkisi incelenecektir. Makale iki aşamalı olarak dizayn edilmiştir. İlk aşama &amp;ldquo;Kur'an Tefsiri &amp;Ccedil;alışmalarında Yapay Zek&amp;acirc; Uygulamaları: İnceleme ve Değerlendirme&amp;rdquo; adlı anket &amp;ccedil;alışmasıdır. S&amp;ouml;z konusu anket, Atat&amp;uuml;rk &amp;Uuml;niversitesi&amp;rsquo;nde &amp;ouml;ğrenim g&amp;ouml;ren 540 &amp;ouml;ğrenciye uygulanmıştır. &amp;Ouml;rneklem se&amp;ccedil;imi tabakalı rastgele &amp;ouml;rnekleme y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle yapılmıştır. Katılımcılar g&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ll&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;k esasına g&amp;ouml;re belirlenmiş ve etik kurul izni alındıktan sonra anket uygulanmıştır. Anket &amp;ccedil;alışmasının amacı; &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin tefsir ve yapay zeka ile ilgili eğilimleri saptamak ve katılımcıların ilgisini &amp;ccedil;eken bazı soruları yapay zeka botlarına sormaktır. Makalenin ikinci aşamasında ise katılımcıların ilgisini &amp;ccedil;eken sorulardan bazıları yapay zeka uygulamalarından Microsoft copilot, Google Gemini Advanced 1.5 Pro ve ChatGPT-4o Chat botlarına karşılaştırmalı olarak sorulmuştur. Uygulamalardan alınan cevapların listelenmiş sonrasında ise yanıtların i&amp;ccedil;erdiği bilgiler nitel veri analizi y&amp;ouml;ntemleriyle ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Buna g&amp;ouml;re Yapay Zeka uygulamaların verdiği bilgilerin sıhhati, g&amp;uuml;venilirliği ve kullanılabilirliği analiz edilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma sonucunda genel olarak İslami ilimlerde &amp;ouml;zel olarak da Tefsir ilminde yapay zeka uygulamalarının kullanılabilirliği ve nelere dikkat edilmesi gerektiği hususları incelenmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt 10.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Anahtar Kelimeler:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt; Tefsir, Kur&amp;rsquo;an, Microsoft Copilot, Google Gemini Advanced 1.5 Pro, ChatGPT-4o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt 10.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;bst&lt;span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;t: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Artificial intelligence technology, which is taking its first serious steps today, continues to make its presence increasingly felt in every aspect of life. One of the key areas where artificial intelligence is making its presence felt and connecting is theology, which falls under the heading of social sciences. In this context, the article will examine the relationship between Tafsir and artificial intelligence. The article is designed in two stages. The first stage is a survey titled "Artificial Intelligence Applications in Quranic Tafsir Studies: Review and Assessment." The survey was administered to 540 students at Atat&amp;uuml;rk University. The sample was selected using a stratified random sampling method. Participants were selected on a voluntary basis, and the survey was administered after obtaining approval from the ethics committee. The purpose of the survey is to identify students' tendencies regarding tafsir and artificial intelligence and to ask some questions of interest to the participants to the artificial intelligence bots. In the second phase of the article, some of the questions that interested the participants were posed to AI applications such as Microsoft Copilot, Google Gemini Advanced 1.5 Pro, and ChatGPT-4o Chatbots in a comparative manner. The responses received from the applications were listed, and then the information contained within the responses was examined in detail using qualitative data analysis methods. Accordingly, the accuracy, reliability, and usability of the information provided by AI applications were analyzed. The study examined the usability of AI applications in Islamic sciences in general and Tafsir in particular, and the key considerations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87246</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1867-1891]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/73</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İbn Mâcid ve Arap Denizcilik Geleneği: es-Sufâliyye Kasidesi Işığında Vasco Da Gama’nın Portekiz Seferlerinin İzleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Ibn Majid and the Arab Maritime Tradition: Traces of Vasco da Gama’s Portuguese Expeditions in the Light of the Sufaliyya Ode]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ömer Faruk KARAKUŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Şiiri, Arap denizciliği, Hint Okyanusu, Seyrüsefer, İbn Mâcid]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic poetry, Arab Navigation, Indian Ocean, Seafaring, Ibn Mâjid ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Avrupalıların Hint Okyanusu&amp;rsquo;na siyasi, ticari ve toplumsal ama&amp;ccedil;larla a&amp;ccedil;ılmaya başlamasından &amp;ccedil;ok &amp;ouml;nce, bu b&amp;ouml;lgelerdeki yerel halkların &amp;ouml;nemli bir denizcilik birikimine sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle Doğu Afrika kıyılarından &amp;Ccedil;in&amp;rsquo;e uzanan geniş bir coğrafyada faaliyet g&amp;ouml;steren Arap denizciler, seyr&amp;uuml;seferleri sırasında edindikleri bilgileri, s&amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml; ve yazılı seyir rehberlerine d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;rerek sistematik h&amp;acirc;le getirmiştir. Başta Portekizliler olmak &amp;uuml;zere Avrupalılar, Orta &amp;Ccedil;ağ s&amp;uuml;resince Arapların denizcilik ilminden yararlanmaya &amp;ccedil;alışmış ve bu bilgiler, coğrafi keşiflerin &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; a&amp;ccedil;mıştır. Bu k&amp;ouml;kl&amp;uuml; denizcilik geleneğinin IX/XV. y&amp;uuml;zyıldaki en &amp;ouml;nemli temsilcisi İbn M&amp;acirc;cid (&amp;ouml;.1501), denizcilik ve coğrafya alanındaki &amp;ouml;nc&amp;uuml; rol&amp;uuml;yle tanınmaktadır. Babası ve dedesinden kendine miras kalan deneyimlere kendi bilgi ve becerilerini ekleyerek denizcilikte ustalaşan İbn M&amp;acirc;cid&amp;rsquo;in, urc&amp;ucirc;zeler şeklinde kaleme aldığı eserleri, &amp;ouml;zellikle Hint Okyanusu&amp;rsquo;ndaki denizcilikle ilgili olanlar Orta &amp;Ccedil;ağ&amp;rsquo;ın en değerli denizcilik el yazmaları arasında yerini alır. Ger&amp;ccedil;ekliği tartışmalı olsa da Avrupalılar tarafından Vasco da Gama&amp;rsquo;ya Malindi-Kalk&amp;uuml;ta arasında rehberlik ettiği d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;len İbn M&amp;acirc;cid &amp;uuml;zerine yapılan araştırmalar &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla onun denizcilik bilgisine ve seyr&amp;uuml;sefer tekniklerine odaklanmış, edeb&amp;icirc; y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; ise genelde ihmal edilmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, İbn M&amp;acirc;cid&amp;rsquo;in hayatı ve eserlerine kısaca değinilip onun Arap denizciliğine yaptığı katkılardan bahsedildikten sonra Portekizlilerin Doğu Afrika ve Hint Okyanusu&amp;rsquo;na yaptığı seferlerle ilgili bilgiler ihtiva eden &lt;em&gt;es-Suf&amp;acirc;liyye&lt;/em&gt; adlı kasidesi ana hatlarıyla incelenecektir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;It is known that long before Europeans began venturing into the Indian Ocean for political, commercial, and social purposes, the local populations in these regions already possessed significant maritime expertise. Arab navigators, who operated across a vast geography stretching from the East African coast to China, systematized the knowledge they acquired during their voyages by compiling oral and written navigational guides. Europeans, particularly the Portuguese, sought to benefit from Arab maritime science throughout the Middle Ages, and this knowledge paved the way for the Age of Discovery. The most prominent representative of this deep-rooted maritime tradition in the 15th century was Ibn Mājid &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;(&amp;ouml;.1501)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;, renowned for his pioneering role in navigation and geography. Building on the expertise inherited from his father and grandfather, Ibn Mājid honed his maritime skills and authored works in the form of&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;urjūzah&lt;/em&gt;. His writings on navigation in the Indian Ocean are among the most valuable maritime manuscripts of the Middle Ages. Although its authenticity is debated, the claim that Ibn Mājid guided Vasco da Gama between Malindi and Calicut has led scholars to focus predominantly on his navigational knowledge and techniques, often overlooking his literary contributions. In this study, after briefly addressing Ibn Mājid&amp;rsquo;s life, works, and contributions to Arab navigation, his ode&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;es-Sufāliyya&lt;/em&gt; which contains critical information about Portuguese expeditions to East Africa and the Indian Ocean will be analyzed in its broad outlines.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87197</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2007-2034]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/74</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ayet ve Hadis Kaynaklı Arap Atasözlerinin Türkçe Karşılıklarına Dair Bir Deneme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Attempt at Exploring Arabic Proverbs Rooted in Quranic Verses and Hadith with Their Turkish Equivalents]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Halil UYSAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dil, Ayet, Hadis, Arap Dili, Atasözü, Arap Atasözleri, Türk Atasözleri, Karşılaştırmalı Atasözleri.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Language, Quran, Hadith, Arabic Language, Proverbs, Arabic Proverbs, Turkish Proverbs, Comparative Proverbs.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Milletler arasındaki dil, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r ve yaşam tarzı &amp;ccedil;eşitliliğine rağmen, temel insani değerler, duygular ve ortak tecr&amp;uuml;beler evrensel bir nitelik taşımaktadır. Bu evrensellik, farklı dillerde ifade edilen atas&amp;ouml;zlerinde ortak tema ve duyguların yer almasıyla g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r hale gelmektedir. Atas&amp;ouml;zleri, oluşum s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde kaynaklandıkları k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ve manevi yapılardan etkilenir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle ayetler ve hadislerden esinlenerek meydana gelen atas&amp;ouml;zleri, Arap toplumunda manevi değerlerin bir yansıması olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, ayet ve hadis temelli Arap atas&amp;ouml;zlerinin T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e atas&amp;ouml;zleriyle karşılaştırılmasını hedefleyen bir inceleme ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın amacı; ortak bir inancı paylaşan T&amp;uuml;rk ve Arap k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rlerinin benzer atas&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; &amp;ouml;rnekleri oluşturup oluşturmadığını sorgulamak ve bu ifadelerin T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e aktarım s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerini incelemektir. Araştırma kapsamında ayet ve hadislerden hareketle şekillenmiş bazı Arap atas&amp;ouml;zleri se&amp;ccedil;ilmiş, bu atas&amp;ouml;zlerinin T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e karşılıkları ve anlamları ışığında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te &amp;ouml;zellikle T&amp;uuml;rk atas&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; dağarcığından yararlanmanın &amp;ouml;nemine vurgu yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Arap&amp;ccedil;a atas&amp;ouml;zlerinin T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e karşılıklarının belirlenmesinde dilbilim ve s&amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml;kbilim perspektifinden yaklaşımlar geliştirilmiş, bu bağlamda karşılaştırmalı &amp;ccedil;alışmalar i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ouml;neriler sunulmuştur. Sonu&amp;ccedil; b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;nde, Arap&amp;ccedil;a atas&amp;ouml;zlerinin T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;eye aktarımı sırasında yaşanan zorluklar ve bu zorlukların aşılması i&amp;ccedil;in geliştirilebilecek y&amp;ouml;ntemler ele alınmıştır. &amp;Ouml;neriler arasında, T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e ve Arap&amp;ccedil;a atas&amp;ouml;zlerini hem anlamsal hem de k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel a&amp;ccedil;ıdan eşleştiren &amp;ccedil;ift y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; bir modelin geliştirilmesi ve modern teknolojiden faydalanarak iki dili kapsayan interaktif bir atas&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; veri tabanının oluşturulması bulunmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın temel kaynağı olarak S&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc; ve arkadaşlarının Mu&amp;rsquo;cemu&amp;rsquo;l-Ems&amp;acirc;li&amp;rsquo;l-Arabiyye adlı eseri ile diğer ilgili kaynaklar kullanılmıştır. Araştırma s&amp;uuml;recinde, T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e ve Arap&amp;ccedil;a atas&amp;ouml;zleri arasındaki karşılıkların genelde a&amp;ccedil;ıklama ve &amp;ccedil;eviri bi&amp;ccedil;iminde olduğu, doğrudan T&amp;uuml;rk atas&amp;ouml;zleri ile eşleştirme &amp;ouml;rneklerinin ise sınırlı sayıda kaldığı saptanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, gelecekteki araştırmalarda Arap atas&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ne y&amp;ouml;nelik daha kapsamlı yaklaşımlar geliştirilmesi gerektiği &amp;ouml;zellikle vurgulanmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma aynı zamanda iki toplum arasındaki k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel bağların ortak değerler &amp;uuml;zerinden incelenmesine y&amp;ouml;nelik katkılar sunmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Despite the diversity in language, culture, and lifestyles among nations, fundamental human values, emotions, and shared experiences have a universal character. This universality becomes evident through proverbs, which, although expressed in different languages, often reflect common themes and emotions. Proverbs are influenced by the cultural and spiritual structures of the societies in which they originate. In Arab societies, for instance, proverbs inspired by Quranic verses and Hadiths are seen as reflections of spiritual values. This study explores and compares Arabic proverbs rooted in verses and Hadiths with their Turkish counterparts. The primary aim is to investigate whether the shared faith between Turkish and Arab cultures has led to the creation of similar proverbs and to analyze how these expressions have been adapted into Turkish. In the research process, a selection of Arabic proverbs shaped by Quranic and Hadith influences were examined alongside their Turkish equivalents and meanings. Emphasis was placed on utilizing the rich repository of Turkish proverbs for comparative analysis. Linguistic and lexicographic approaches were employed to identify corresponding meanings and expressions, providing recommendations for further comparative studies. The study also highlights the challenges encountered in translating Arabic proverbs into Turkish and proposes methods to overcome them. Suggestions include developing a dual-directional model that aligns proverbs both semantically and culturally while incorporating modern technologies to create an interactive database encompassing both languages. Key references for the study included S&amp;icirc;ni and colleagues' work, "Mu&amp;rsquo;cemu&amp;rsquo;l-Ems&amp;acirc;li&amp;rsquo;l-Arabiyye", along with other relevant sources. Findings revealed that most connections between Turkish and Arabic proverbs rely on explanatory translations rather than direct equivalences, with only limited matches found. This underscores the need for future research to adopt more comprehensive approaches to the Arabic proverb corpus. The study ultimately aims to enhance understanding of the cultural ties between the two societies through their shared values, offering insights into how these connections are expressed linguistically.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87166</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[397-411]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/75</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İlahi İmge ve Teknolojik İnsan: Transhümanizm ile Dinî Geleneklerin Kur'an Kursu Öğreticileri Perspektifinden İncelenmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Divine Image and Technological Man: An Investigation of Transhumanism and Religious Traditions from the Perspective of Qur'an Course Instructors]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muradiye VAROL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Sosyolojisi, İlahi İmge, Dinî Gelenek, Kur'an Kursu Öğreticisi, Teknolojik İnsan, Transhümanizm]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Religion, Divine Image, Religious Tradition, Qur'an Course Instructor, Technological Human, Transhumanism]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif;"&gt;Bu araştırmanın amacı, transh&amp;uuml;manizm ve dijital teknolojilerin, din&amp;icirc; gelenekler ve ibadet pratikleri &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkilerini Kur&amp;rsquo;an kursu &amp;ouml;ğreticilerinin perspektifinden incelemektir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinden durum &amp;ccedil;alışması deseni ile ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme, y&amp;ouml;ntemi ile toplanmış ve i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın &amp;ouml;rneklemi, Ankara'nın merkez il&amp;ccedil;elerinde (&lt;span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"&gt;&amp;Ccedil;ankaya, Altındağ, Ke&amp;ccedil;i&amp;ouml;ren, Mamak ve Yenimahalle) &lt;/span&gt;g&amp;ouml;rev yapan 15 Kur&amp;rsquo;an kursu &amp;ouml;ğreticisi olup, ama&amp;ccedil;lı &amp;ouml;rnekleme y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle se&amp;ccedil;ilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan bir g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi yapılmış ve temalarla ilişkilendirilen veriler yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma, ge&amp;ccedil;erlik ve g&amp;uuml;venilirlik &amp;ccedil;alışmalarıyla desteklenmiş ve g&amp;uuml;venilir sonu&amp;ccedil;lar elde edilmiştir. Araştırma, dijital ara&amp;ccedil;ların din&amp;icirc; rit&amp;uuml;ellere erişim sağlama ve eğitimde fırsatlar sunduğunu, ancak toplu ibadetlerde manevi derinliği zayıflatabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Katılımcılar, transh&amp;uuml;manist fikirlerin insan doğasına m&amp;uuml;dahale ederek ilahi d&amp;uuml;zenle &amp;ccedil;atışma yaratabileceğini ancak sağlık alanında faydalı olabileceğini ifade etmişlerdir. Dijital teknolojiler ve yapay zek&amp;acirc;, bireysel manevi deneyimleri g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirebilirken, toplumsal eşitsizliklere ve manevi değerlerin aşınmasına yol a&amp;ccedil;ma riski taşımaktadır. Teknolojik insan kavramının din&amp;icirc; &amp;ouml;ğretilerle uyumlu olabilmesi i&amp;ccedil;in etik sınırlarla dengelenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, dijitalleşme ve teknolojik gelişmelerin, manevi değerlerle uyumlu ve toplumun eşitlik&amp;ccedil;i yararına olacak şekilde uygulanması gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın bulgularına dayanarak, dijital ara&amp;ccedil;ların ve teknolojilerin din&amp;icirc; rit&amp;uuml;ellerde ve eğitimde daha etkin bir şekilde kullanılabilmesi i&amp;ccedil;in, din&amp;icirc; &amp;ouml;ğreticilerin teknolojik gelişmeler ve transh&amp;uuml;manizm hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinmeleri sağlanmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk202880742"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The aim of this study is to examine the effects of transhumanism and digital technologies on religious traditions and worship practices from the perspective of Qur'an course instructors. This study was conducted with a case study design from qualitative research methods. The data were collected by interview method and evaluated by content analysis. The sample of the research is 15 Qur'an course instructors working in the central districts of Ankara (&amp;Ccedil;ankaya, Altındağ, Ke&amp;ccedil;i&amp;ouml;ren, Mamak and Yenimahalle) and selected by purposive sampling method. An interview form consisting of semi-structured questions developed by the researcher was used as a data collection tool. Content analysis was used to analyze the data and the data associated with themes were interpreted. The research was supported by validity and reliability studies and reliable results were obtained. The study found that digital tools offer opportunities for access to religious rituals and education, but can undermine spiritual depth in collective worship. Participants stated that transhumanist ideas may interfere with human nature and create conflict with the divine order, but may be beneficial in the field of health. While digital technologies and artificial intelligence can strengthen individual spiritual experiences, they risk leading to social inequalities and the erosion of spiritual values. It was emphasized that the concept of technological human beings should be balanced with ethical boundaries in order to be compatible with religious teachings. As a result, digitalization and technological developments should be implemented in a way that is compatible with spiritual values and for the egalitarian benefit of society. Based on the findings of this study, religious educators should learn more about technological developments and transhumanism so that digital tools and technologies can be used more effectively in religious rituals and education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=87056</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2291-2308]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/76</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tabersî’nin Mecmau’l-Beyan İsimli Tefsirinde İstifhâmın Soru Dışında Kullanılması]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Use of Istifhâm Outside the Question in Tabarsî’s Commentary Entitled Majma al-Bayan]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mücahid KESKİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Tahsin YILDIRIM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Belâgatı, Tefsir, Tabersî, Mecmau’l-Beyan, Meânî, İstifhâm]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Tafsir, Tabersî, Majma al-Bayân, Maânî, Istifhâm.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;İmamiyye Ş&amp;icirc;ası&amp;rsquo;nın &amp;ouml;nde gelen m&amp;uuml;fessirlerinden Fazl b. Hasan et-Tabers&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;. 548/1153) Şi&amp;acirc; mezhebi i&amp;ccedil;erisinde derin izler bırakmış &amp;ouml;nemli &amp;acirc;limlerden biridir. Tefsir alanına &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; kıymetli eser kazandırmıştır. Bu tefsirler arasında en değerlisi ş&amp;uuml;phesiz Mecmau&amp;rsquo;l-Bey&amp;acirc;n isimli tefsiridir. Tabers&amp;icirc;, s&amp;ouml;z konusu eserinde tefsirle yetinmemiş sarf, nahiv ve bel&amp;acirc;gat gibi dilbilimlerine ilişkin konulara da geniş bir şekilde yer vermiştir. Bel&amp;acirc;gat kısımlarından me&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; ilminin altbaşlıklarından birini inş&amp;acirc; oluşturmaktadır. İnş&amp;acirc; ise emir, nehiy, nid&amp;acirc;, temenn&amp;icirc; ve istifh&amp;acirc;mdan meydana gelmektedir. İstifh&amp;acirc;m soru soranın hakkında mal&amp;ucirc;matı olmadığı bir bilgiyi &amp;ouml;ğrenmek istemesidir. Ancak istifh&amp;acirc;m, her zaman yalnızca bilgi talebine y&amp;ouml;nelik kullanılmamakta, bağlama g&amp;ouml;re emir, nehiy, onaylama, ink&amp;acirc;r, y&amp;uuml;celtme, k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;mseme, tehdit, uyarma ve benzeri farklı anlam boyutları da kazanabilmektedir. Bu durum, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın bel&amp;acirc;gat zenginliğini ve lafızlarının &amp;ccedil;ok katmanlı işlevselliğini ortaya koymaktadır. İşte bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın temel amacı, Tabers&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin Mecmau&amp;rsquo;l-Bey&amp;acirc;n f&amp;icirc; Tefs&amp;icirc;ri&amp;rsquo;l-Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n adlı eserinde istifh&amp;acirc;m &amp;uuml;sl&amp;ucirc;bunun kazandığı farklı anlam ve işlevleri sistematik bir bi&amp;ccedil;imde tesbit etmek ve bunları ilm&amp;icirc; bir &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede değerlendirmektir. Araştırma s&amp;uuml;recinde yalnızca Tabers&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin mezk&amp;ucirc;r eseriyle sınırlı kalınmamış, klasik tefsir literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n temel eserlerinden olan Me&amp;acirc;lim&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;t-Tenz&amp;icirc;l, Keşş&amp;acirc;f ve Env&amp;acirc;ru&amp;rsquo;t-tenz&amp;icirc;l gibi eserlerden de istifade edilmiştir. B&amp;ouml;ylelikle, Tabers&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri derinlemesine incelenmiş, onun istifh&amp;acirc;m konusundaki değerlendirmelerine doğrudan yer verilmiş, akabinde ise diğer m&amp;uuml;fessirlerin istifh&amp;acirc;m anlayışına dair tespit ve yorumları derlenerek karşılaştırmalı bir analize tabi tutulmuştur. Bu y&amp;ouml;ntem, hem Tabers&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin istifh&amp;acirc;ma y&amp;uuml;klediği &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; anlamların daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamakta, hem de farklı tefsir geleneklerinin bu meseleye yaklaşımlarını mukayeseli bir perspektifle ortaya koymaktadır. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; background: white; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"&gt;Among the prominent exegetes of the Im&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; Sh&amp;icirc;a, Faḍl b. Ḥasan al-Ṭabars&amp;icirc; (d. 548/1153) occupies a distinguished place as a leading scholar who left a profound mark on the Sh&amp;icirc;&amp;icirc; intellectual tradition. He authored three significant works in the field of Qur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;nic exegesis, the most important of which is undoubtedly his Majma al-Bay&amp;acirc;n f&amp;icirc; Tafs&amp;icirc;r al-Qur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n. In this work, al-Ṭabars&amp;icirc; does not confine himself merely to exegetical commentary but also devotes considerable attention to linguistic sciences such as morphology, syntax, and rhetoric. Within the domain of rhetoric, one of the sub-disciplines of ilm al-ma&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; is insh&amp;acirc;. Insh&amp;acirc; itself comprises several categories, namely command, prohibition, vocative, optative, and istifh&amp;acirc;m. Istifhām, in its basic sense, refers to the act of seeking information concerning something about which the speaker has no prior knowledge. However, istifh&amp;acirc;m is not always employed solely for the purpose of requesting information; depending on the context, it may acquire additional rhetorical dimensions, such as command, prohibition, affirmation, negation, glorification, belittlement, threat, admonition, and other related functions. This diversity of meaning illustrates both the rhetorical richness of the Qurʾ&amp;acirc;n and the multilayered functionality of its expressions. The primary aim of the present study is to identify, classify, and evaluate the various meanings and functions assumed by the istifh&amp;acirc;m mode in al-Ṭabars&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s Majma al-Bay&amp;acirc;n f&amp;icirc; Tafs&amp;icirc;r al-Qur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n, within a systematic and scholarly framework. In the course of this research, the scope has not been limited solely to al-Ṭabars&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s exegetical work; rather, other foundational works of classical tafs&amp;icirc;r, such as Ma&amp;acirc;lim al-Tanz&amp;icirc;l, al-Kashsh&amp;acirc;f, and Anw&amp;acirc;r al-Tanz&amp;icirc;l, have also been consulted. In this way, al-Ṭabars&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s views have been examined in depth, his assessments regarding istifh&amp;acirc;m have been presented in detail, and subsequently the perspectives of other exegetes on istifhām have been compiled and subjected to comparative analysis. This methodological approach not only contributes to a clearer understanding of the multifaceted meanings attributed to istifhām by al-Ṭabars&amp;icirc;, but also situates these interpretations within a broader comparative framework that highlights the approaches of different exegetical traditions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86970</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2103-2120]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/77</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur’an Kıssalarında Eleştirel Düşünme ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Critical Thinking in the Qur’anic Narratives]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ramazan BARMAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Kıssa, Toplumsallık, Dindarlık, Eleştirel Düşünme]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Narrative, Sociality, Religiosity, Critical Thinking]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MP TNR Trans'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; background: #FEFEFE; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MP TNR Trans'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı Kur&amp;rsquo;an kıssalarındaki eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nmeyi incelemektir. Kur&amp;rsquo;an, insanın yery&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;ndeki varoluş ser&amp;uuml;venini anlatırken yanılgılarını, zan ve &amp;ouml;nyargılarını eleştirel değerlendirmelerle ibret olarak haber vermektedir. İnsan, bir&amp;ccedil;ok peygamberin uyarı ve eleştirilerine rağmen tarih boyunca uhrevilik ile d&amp;uuml;nyevilik arasında bir denge kuramamıştır. Hatta m&amp;uuml;lkiyet &amp;uuml;zerinden elde ettiği g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;le stat&amp;uuml; odaklı toplumsal yaşam bi&amp;ccedil;imini kurgulamıştır. İnsanın, Allah-insan/toplum ve evrenle ilişkilerinin sağlıklı bir s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te ilerlemesi, bu varlıklara dair&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;edinilen bilgilerin, eleştirel bir s&amp;uuml;zge&amp;ccedil;ten ge&amp;ccedil;mesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Kur&amp;rsquo;an kıssalarında, insanların inan&amp;ccedil;ları, tasavvurları, d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nceleri ve sosyal yaşamı tevhid bağlamında sorgulanmaktadır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle peygamberlerin davet s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde toplumların g&amp;ouml;sterdiği diren&amp;ccedil;, eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nmeyi engelleyen sosyal yapıların varlığına işaret etmektedir. Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;da sık&amp;ccedil;a vurgulanan "&lt;em&gt;atalar dini&lt;/em&gt;" ifadesiyle bireyin d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nme yetisini &amp;ouml;nyargı, zan ve&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;geleneksel normlara bağlı olması nedeniyle kullan(a)madıği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Kur&amp;rsquo;an kıssaları, insanın yalnızca zihinsel bir s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil; olarak d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nme faaliyetinde bulunmasının yeterli olmadığını, aynı zamanda ahlaki ve eleştirel bir sorumluluk taşıdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu araştırma sonucunda Kur&amp;rsquo;an kıssaları, bireyin eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nme s&amp;uuml;recinde akıl ve vahiy arasındaki ilişki vurgulanarak eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nmeyle ahlak boyutuna vurgu yapıldığı&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca kıssalarda atalar k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;ne dayanan pop&amp;uuml;ler din anlayışlarına eleştiler g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; background: white; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n, insanlık tarihini kesitler halinde sunduğu kıssalarda, Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;ın nazil olduğu Mekke d&amp;ouml;nemi arasında benzer eleştirel yaklaşımlar ortaya koymaktadır. Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;da kıssalardan g&amp;uuml;ncele doğru ilahi eleştirilerle bağlantı kurulduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bu araştırmada Kur&amp;rsquo;an kıssalarındaki eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nme &amp;ouml;rnekleri ele alınmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt; Eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nme, insanın toplumsal &amp;ouml;ğrenme ile edindiği bilgiyi rasyonel temellerde sınamasına imkan sağlamaktadır. Eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nme, insanın ve toplumun bilgi, inan&amp;ccedil; ve değerler sistemini sorgulamasını gerektiren rasyonel bir s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;tir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; background: white; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma ile e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;leştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nmenin tefsir yazın alanında yer alması umulmaktadır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışmada literat&amp;uuml;r taraması elde edilen veriler eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nme bağlamında ele alınmıştır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Kıssalarda toplumsal yaşama yansıyan batıl inan&amp;ccedil;ların eleştirme s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;leri incelenirken betimsel analiz y&amp;ouml;nteminden faydalanılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; background: white; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu araştırmada kıssalardaki kesitlerden &amp;ouml;rneklem olarak se&amp;ccedil;ilen veriler, nitel araştırma &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Abstract: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine critical thinking in the stories of the Qur'an. While narrating the story of human existence on earth, the Qur'an critically evaluates human errors, assumptions, and prejudices and presents them as lessons to be learned. Despite the warnings and criticisms of many prophets, humans have been unable to strike a balance between the spiritual and the material throughout history. In fact, they have constructed a status-oriented social lifestyle based on the power they have gained through property. For humanity's relationships with God, society, and the universe to progress in a healthy manner, the knowledge acquired about these entities must be filtered through a critical lens. In the stories of the Qur'an, people's beliefs, perceptions, thoughts, and social life are questioned in the context of tawhid. In particular, the resistance shown by societies during the invitation processes of the prophets points to the existence of social structures that hinder critical thinking. The expression &amp;ldquo;religion of the ancestors,&amp;rdquo; which is frequently emphasized in the Qur'an, shows that individuals do not use their thinking abilities due to prejudice, assumptions, and traditional norms. The stories in the Qur'an reveal that it is not enough for humans to engage in thinking as a purely mental process; they also have a moral and critical responsibility. As a result of this research, it has been concluded that the stories in the Qur'an emphasize the relationship between reason and revelation in the individual's critical thinking process, highlighting the moral dimension of critical thinking. In addition, the stories contain criticisms of popular religious understandings based on ancestor worship. The Qur'an presents human history in segments through stories and reveals similar critical approaches between the Mecca period when the Qur'an was revealed and the present day. In the Qur'an, divine criticism is seen to be connected to the present day through stories. This study examines examples of critical thinking in the stories of the Qur'an. Critical thinking enables humans to test the knowledge they have acquired through social learning on rational grounds. Critical thinking is a rational process that requires humans and society to question their systems of knowledge, beliefs, and values. This study aims to establish critical thinking in the field of exegesis. The data obtained from the literature review were examined in the context of critical thinking. Descriptive analysis was used to examine the processes of criticizing superstitions reflected in social life in the stories. In this study, the data selected as samples from the stories were evaluated in the context of critical thinking using content analysis as a qualitative research method.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86954</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[71-92]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/78</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ortaöğretim Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Öğretmenlerinin Sorunları ve Okul Yönetiminden Beklentileri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Secondary Education Religious Culture and Ethics Teachers' Expectations from School Administration]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet KARADAĞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ramazan ATASOY -Ahmet COŞKUN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Eğitim Yönetimi, Ortaöğretim, Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersi, Öğretmen Sorunları, Beklentiler]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Education Administration, Secondary Education, Religious Culture and Ethics Course, Teacher Problems, Expectations]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;ğretmenler eğitim &amp;ouml;ğretimle ilgili g&amp;ouml;revlerini yerine getirirken bazı sorunlarla karşılaşmaktadır. Olumlu bir okul iklimi oluşturmayı başaran okul y&amp;ouml;neticileri &amp;ouml;ğretmenlerin karşılaştığı bu sorunlara daha kolay &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;m &amp;uuml;retmektedir. Bu nedenle Din K&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; ve Ahlak Bilgisi &amp;ouml;ğretmenlerinin okulun t&amp;uuml;m paydaşlarından kaynaklı sorunları ve okul y&amp;ouml;netiminden beklentilerini analiz etmek olduk&amp;ccedil;a &amp;ouml;nemlidir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, orta&amp;ouml;ğretim Din K&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; ve Ahlak Bilgisi &amp;ouml;ğretmenlerinin okul y&amp;ouml;netiminden beklentilerini ve okulda karşılaştıkları sorunları incelemeyi ve literat&amp;uuml;re katkıda bulunmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;nteminde ve olgubilim deseninde tasarlanmış olup yarı yapılandırılmış g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme tekniği ile veriler toplanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma grubu 2024-2025 eğitim-&amp;ouml;ğretim yılında Şanlıurfa ilinin Eyy&amp;uuml;biye, Haliliye ve Karak&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml; il&amp;ccedil;elerinde orta&amp;ouml;ğretim kademesinde g&amp;ouml;rev yapan 33 DKAB &amp;ouml;ğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formları ile elde edilen verilerin analizi i&amp;ccedil;in i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi y&amp;ouml;nteminden&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"&gt;faydalanılmıştır. &lt;/span&gt;Bulgular, b&amp;ouml;lgede h&amp;acirc;len etkisini s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;ren batıl inan&amp;ccedil;ların DKAB &amp;ouml;ğretiminde zorluklara yol a&amp;ccedil;tığını, mevsimlik tarım iş&amp;ccedil;isi olarak &amp;ccedil;alışan &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin eğitim s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde &amp;ccedil;eşitli sorunlara neden olduğunu, ayrıca velilerin eğitimin &amp;ouml;nemi konusunda yeterli bilin&amp;ccedil; d&amp;uuml;zeyine sahip olmamasının okul y&amp;ouml;netimine ek sorumluluklar y&amp;uuml;klediğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Kalabalık sınıfların hedeflere ulaşmayı zorlaştırdığı da ifade edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, sosyolojik ve ekonomik koşullar g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde bulundurularak okul y&amp;ouml;netiminin DKAB dersine gerekli &amp;ouml;nemi vermesi, &amp;ouml;ğretmenlerle etkili iletişim kurması, eşitlik ve adalet ilkelerine hassasiyet g&amp;ouml;stermesi, istişare k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; geliştirmesi ve &amp;ouml;ğretmenleri desteklemesi gerektiği ortaya konulmuştur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Teachers face some problems while performing their educational duties. School administrators who manage to create a positive school climate can more easily find solutions to these problems faced by teachers. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the expectations of Religious Culture and Ethics teachers from the school &lt;a name="_Hlk206022516"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;administration. The study aims to examine the expectations of secondary school &lt;a name="_Hlk206019131"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;RCE teachers from the school administration and the problems they encounter at school. The study was designed with a qualitative research method and phenomenological pattern, and data was collected using a semi-structured interview technique. The study group consists of 33 RCE teachers working at the secondary education level in Eyy&amp;uuml;biye, Haliliye and Karak&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml; districts of Şanlıurfa province in the 2024-2025 academic year. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data obtained from the interview forms used in the research. Findings show that superstitious beliefs, which are still effective in the region, cause difficulties in teaching RCE, cause various problems in the education process of students working as seasonal agricultural workers, and that parents' lack of sufficient awareness about the importance of education imposes additional responsibilities on the school administration. It has also been stated that crowded classes make it difficult to achieve goals. As a result of the research, it was revealed that, taking into account the sociological and economic conditions, the school administration should give the necessary importance to the RCE course, communicate effectively with teachers, be sensitive to the principles of equality and justice, develop a culture of consultation and support teachers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86913</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1155-1173]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/79</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ahlak Hadisleri Literarünün Bir Örneği Olan Taberânî’nin Mekârimü’l-ahlâk Adlı Eserinin Hadis İlmi Açısından İncelenmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Evaluation of al-Ṭabarānī’s Makārim al-Akhlāq as an Example of Ethical Ḥadīth Literature from the Perspective of Ḥadīth Scholarship]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet TURAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Taberânî, Ahlâk, Mekârimu’l-Ahlâk, Metot.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ḥadīth, Ṭabarānī, Akhlāq, Makārim al-Akhlāq, Methodology]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Taber&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;, hadis ilmindeki birikimi, rivayetlere olan titiz yaklaşımı ve metodolojik hassasiyetiyle İslam ilim tarihinde &amp;ouml;nemli izler bırakmış bir &amp;acirc;limdir. G&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; hafızası ve geniş rivayet ağı sayesinde hadis ilminin g&amp;uuml;venilir isimlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmiş, bu mirası talebeleri aracılığıyla sonraki nesillere başarıyla taşımıştır. Taber&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin katkıları sadece hadisle sınırlı kalmamış; kıraat, tefsir ve tarih gibi diğer İslami ilim dallarında da kendini g&amp;ouml;stermiştir. Hadis ilminde sergilediği metodolojik yaklaşım ve ahlak &amp;uuml;zerine derlediği rivayetler, onun İslam ilim geleneğindeki &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; kimliğini ve kalıcı etkisini ortaya koymaktadır. Taber&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; yansıtan en &amp;ouml;nemli &amp;ccedil;alışmlarından biri de Mek&amp;acirc;rim&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-ahl&amp;acirc;k adlı eseridir. Kaleme aldığı bu eser, ahlakla ilgili 250 riv&amp;acirc;yeti ihtiva etmektedir. Nispeten k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k hacimli bu eser, M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların g&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;k hayatında ihtiya&amp;ccedil; duyduğu temel ahl&amp;acirc;k ilkelerini sunmaktadır. Ahl&amp;acirc;k konusuna ve bu alanda yapılan &amp;ccedil;alışmalara tarih boyunca b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;nem verildiği i&amp;ccedil;in ve fert veya toplumların olumlu anlamda y&amp;uuml;kseliş ve gelişimi ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; değerlerle doğrudan ilişkili olduğundan, her d&amp;ouml;nemde ahl&amp;acirc;k &amp;uuml;zerine &amp;ccedil;alışmalar devam etmiştir. Taber&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin Mek&amp;acirc;rim&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-ahl&amp;acirc;k eseri de bu geleneğin &amp;ouml;nemli bir par&amp;ccedil;asını oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla makale, ahl&amp;acirc;k konularını ele alan &amp;ouml;nemli bir &amp;ccedil;alışma olmasından hareketle, bu eserin temel metodolojisini ve Taber&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin y&amp;ouml;ntemini hadis ilmi a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirilmesini konu edinmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in s&amp;uuml;nnetinin ahl&amp;acirc;k hadisleri &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde incelenmesini, Taber&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin eserde izlediği y&amp;ouml;ntemi ortaya koyarak hadis literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; ve bu sahadaki akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmalara katkıda bulunmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Makalede, Taber&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin eserde tercih ettiği sened kullanımı, metinlerin durumu, hadis &amp;ccedil;eşitleri ve hadis ilmi bağlamındaki bazı durumları ele almaktadır. Bu vesileyle hadis metinleri incelenerek kullanılan hadislerin/riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin sistematiği ortaya konulmuş olacaktır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Tabarānī was a scholar who left a significant mark on the history of Islamic sciences through his profound knowledge in the field of hadith, his meticulous approach to narrations, and his methodological precision. Owing to his strong memory and extensive network of transmitters, he was recognized as one of the most reliable figures in hadith studies and successfully transmitted this scholarly legacy to subsequent generations through his students. His contributions, however, were not limited to the field of hadith; he also made notable advancements in other Islamic disciplines such as Qur&amp;rsquo;anic recitation (qirāʾāt), exegesis (tafsīr), and history. The methodological rigor he demonstrated in hadith studies and the narrations he compiled on ethics reflect his multifaceted scholarly identity and enduring impact within the Islamic intellectual tradition. One of the most prominent works that reflects this aspect of Tabarānī&amp;rsquo;s scholarship is his &lt;em&gt;Makārim al-Akhlāq&lt;/em&gt;. This work comprises 250 narrations related to ethics. Despite its relatively concise volume, the work offers essential moral principles required in the daily lives of Muslims. Given the historical significance attached to the subject of ethics and the academic attention it has received over the centuries, studies in this field have consistently been viewed as crucial. Since the development and advancement of both individuals and societies are directly linked to ethical values, scholarship on morality has remained a consistent area of interest across different periods. In this context, Tabarānī&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;Makārim al-Akhlāq&lt;/em&gt; constitutes a significant part of this longstanding tradition. Accordingly, this article focuses on evaluating the fundamental methodology of &lt;em&gt;Makārim al-Akhlāq&lt;/em&gt; and Tabarānī&amp;rsquo;s scholarly approach from the perspective of hadith studies, based on the significance of the work as a contribution to Islamic ethics. Furthermore, the study aims to examine the ethical sayings of the Prophet within the framework of hadiths, reveal the methodological preferences Tabarānī adopted in this work, and contribute to the broader hadith literature and academic research in the field. Within this scope, the article addresses Tabarānī&amp;rsquo;s use of isnād, the textual integrity of the narrations, the categorization of the hadiths, and certain aspects of hadith science as they appear in the work. By doing so, the article seeks to shed light on the systematization of the narrations employed and offer a deeper understanding of the structure and scholarly value of the text.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86907</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[345-365]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/80</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Endülüs Müfessiri Bakî b. Mahled’in Kısa Hayat Hikâyesi ve Zındıklıkla İtham Edilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Brief Biography of Baqi ibn Mahled, the Andalusian Commentator, and His Accusation of Heresy]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mustafa TUNÇER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Endülüs, Zındıklık, Bakî b. Mahled'in Hayatı, Bakî b. Mahled'in Zındıklıkla Suçlanması.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Andalusia, Heresy, Baki b. Mahled 's Life, Baki b. Mahled's Accusation of Heresy.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;z: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bak&amp;icirc; b. Mahled End&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;s&amp;rsquo;&amp;uuml;n yetiştirdiği tefsir ve hadis &amp;acirc;limlerinden biridir. Onu ayrıcalıklı kılan konuların başında doğu İslam d&amp;uuml;nyasına 34 yıl gibi uzun s&amp;uuml;reliğine ilim gezisi (rıhle) yapması neticesinde orada elde ettiği bilgi birikimi ve kıymetli eserlerle End&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;s havzasının mevcut hadis algısını değiştirmesidir. Bak&amp;icirc;, kendisinden &amp;ouml;nce bu b&amp;ouml;lgede daha &amp;ccedil;ok İmam Malik&amp;rsquo;in &lt;em&gt;el-Muvatta&lt;/em&gt; adlı eserini merkeze alan rey eksenli d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce yapısını &amp;ouml;zel gayreti ile eser (hadis) odaklı bir anlayışa d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;rme konusunda b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k başarı sağlamıştır. End&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;s&amp;rsquo;te kimi g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlere g&amp;ouml;re tefsir alanının ilk kitabını kaleme alan Baki, aynı zamanda hadis alanının hem &amp;ldquo;m&amp;uuml;sned&amp;rdquo; hem de &amp;ldquo;musannef&amp;rdquo; t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; &amp;ouml;zelliği ile sınıfının ilk eserini v&amp;uuml;cuda getirmiştir. Ancak farklı fikirlere tahamm&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml; olmayan bazı &amp;acirc;limler tarafından kınanmış ve yoğun bir şekilde eleştirilmiştir. Bu eleştirinin dozu zamanla artarak zındıklık su&amp;ccedil;lamasına kadar ulaşmıştır. Bak&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin zındıklıkla su&amp;ccedil;lanmasının temel nedeni ilm&amp;icirc; seyahatlerinden elde ettiği zengin birikimi ile End&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;s&amp;rsquo;te daha &amp;ouml;nce g&amp;uuml;ndeme gelmeyen ihtilaflı fıkh&amp;icirc; g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri dillendirmiş olmasıdır. End&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;s&amp;rsquo;te Bak&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;ye karşı oluşan olumsuz tutumun ve karşı duruşun mezhep taassubundan veya yeniliğe kapalı bir anlayışın sergilenmiş olmasından kaynaklandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada ş&amp;ouml;hreti &amp;uuml;lke sınırlarını aşan Bak&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin, End&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;s havzasının ilmi havasını değiştirenlerden biri olarak kabul edilmesine rağmen onunla ilgili yapılan zındıklık su&amp;ccedil;lamasının nasıl anlaşılması gerektiği ve bu su&amp;ccedil;lamanın haklılık payının bulunup bulunmadığı irdelenmektedir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;bst&lt;span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;t: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bak&amp;icirc; b. Mahled is one of the exegesis and hadith scholars raised in Andalusia. What sets him apart is that he traveled extensively (rıhlah) throughout the Islamic world for 34 years, acquiring a wealth of knowledge and valuable works that changed the existing perception of hadith in Andalusia. Bak&amp;icirc; achieved great success in transforming the opinion-based intellectual framework that had previously centered on Imam Malik's work al-Muwatta into a hadith-focused understanding through his special efforts. According to some opinions, Baki, who wrote the first book in the field of exegesis in Andalusia, also produced the first work of its kind in the field of hadith, combining the characteristics of both the &amp;ldquo;m&amp;uuml;sned&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;musannef&amp;rdquo; genres. However, he was criticized and heavily condemned by some scholars who could not tolerate different ideas. The intensity of this criticism increased over time, eventually reaching the point of accusing him of heresy. The primary reason Bak&amp;icirc; was accused of heresy was that he articulated controversial legal opinions that had not previously been discussed in al-Andalus, drawing on the wealth of knowledge he had acquired during his scholarly travels. It is understood that the negative attitude and opposition toward Bak&amp;icirc; in al-Andalus stemmed from sectarian fanaticism or a mindset closed to innovation. In this study, despite Baki being recognized as one of the individuals who transformed the intellectual climate of the Andalusian region, the nature of the heresy accusation made against him and whether it holds any validity are examined.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86803</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2275-2290]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/81</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İki Medeniyet, Tek Hüzün: El-Hansâ ve Bâkî’nin Mersiyelerinde Kültürel ve Tematik Yansımalar	]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Two Cıvılızatıons, One Grıef: Cultural And Thematıc Reflectıons In The Marsıyas Of Al-Khansāʾ And Bâkî]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Neslihan BOZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet ÇİTİL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat, Mersiye, el-Hansâ, Bâkî, Arap Edebiyatı, Türk Edebiyatı, Kültürel Yansımalar]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Comparative Literature, Elegy, al-Khansāʾ, Bâkî, Arabic Literature, Turkish Literature, Cultural Reflections]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;K&amp;ouml;kleri insanlık tarihinin derinliklerine uzanan mersiye, &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m ve kayıp karşısında kaleme alınan bir nazım t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; olarak, zamanla kuralsız s&amp;ouml;ylemlerden sıyrılıp m&amp;uuml;stakil bir şiir t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ne d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Arap ve T&amp;uuml;rk edebiyatlarının temel poetik unsurlarından biri olan bu t&amp;uuml;r, hangi k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rde ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıksa da &amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; y&amp;uuml;zyıllar boyunca koruyarak yazıldığı d&amp;ouml;nemin psiko-sosyal dokusunu ustalıkla yansıtmıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, farklı y&amp;uuml;zyıl ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rlerde yaşamış iki &amp;ouml;nemli şair olan el-Hans&amp;acirc; (&amp;ouml;. 24/645) ile B&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc;'nin (&amp;ouml;. 1600) mersiyelerini karşılaştırmalı olarak inceleyerek, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel farklılıkların şiirsel ifadeye yansımalarını belirlemeyi ve mersiye t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n evrensel niteliklerini ortaya koymayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Araştırmanın temel sorusu, her iki şairin eserlerinde ortak temaların nasıl işlendiği ve bu işleyiş bi&amp;ccedil;imlerinin arkasındaki k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel dinamiklerin neler olduğudur. El-Hans&amp;acirc;'nın Divanı'ndaki mersiyeler ile B&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc;'nin Kanun&amp;icirc; Sultan S&amp;uuml;leyman mersiyesi karşılaştırmalı edebiyat y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle incelenmiş, altı temel tema (mersiyeye başlama şekilleri, &amp;ouml;vg&amp;uuml; tarzları, acı-keder-h&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;n dokusu, savaş tasvirleri ve kahramanlık teması, din&amp;icirc; inan&amp;ccedil;ların yansıması ve mersiyeyi sonlandırma bi&amp;ccedil;imleri) &amp;uuml;zerinden metin analizi tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz bulguları, el-Hans&amp;acirc;'nın g&amp;ouml;zyaşlarına doğrudan seslenen duygusal ve coşkun bir &amp;uuml;slup benimsediğini, B&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc;'nin ise d&amp;uuml;nyanın faniliği &amp;uuml;zerinden felsefi ve olgun bir giriş tercih ettiğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. &amp;Ouml;vg&amp;uuml; b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mlerinde el-Hans&amp;acirc; kardeşlerinin bireysel kahramanlıklarına odaklanırken, B&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; Sultan S&amp;uuml;leyman'ın devlet adamlığını ve İslami hizmetlerini vurgulamıştır. Din&amp;icirc; unsurların kullanımında belirgin farklılıklar g&amp;ouml;zlenmiş; el-Hans&amp;acirc;'nın şiirlerinde İslami motifler sınırlı d&amp;uuml;zeyde kalırken, B&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc;'nin mersiyesi İslami inan&amp;ccedil; ve kavramlarla &amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m karşısında duyulan evrensel acının farklı k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rlerde benzer duygusal tepkilere yol a&amp;ccedil;tığını, ancak bu tepkilerin ifade bi&amp;ccedil;imlerinin k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel, din&amp;icirc; ve toplumsal bağlama g&amp;ouml;re şekillendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmanın literat&amp;uuml;re en &amp;ouml;nemli katkısı, mersiye geleneğinin k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rlerarası karşılaştırmalı analizini sunarak bu t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n evrensel boyutlarını a&amp;ccedil;ığa &amp;ccedil;ıkarmasıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The elegy (mersiye), with roots extending deep into human history, has evolved from unstructured expressions of grief into an independent poetic genre in response to death and loss. As a fundamental poetic element in both Arabic and Turkish literatures, this genre has preserved its essential character across centuries while masterfully reflecting the psycho-social context of its era, regardless of its cultural origin. This study aims to identify how cultural differences are reflected in poetic expression and reveal the universal dimensions of the elegy genre by comparing the elegiac works of two significant poets from different centuries and cultures: al-Khansā' (d. 24/645) and B&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; (d. 1600). The primary research question explores how common themes are treated in both poets' works and what cultural dynamics underlie these treatments. The elegies in al-Khansā's Dīwān and B&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc;'s elegy for Sultan S&amp;uuml;leyman the Magnificent were examined using comparative literary methodology, with text analysis techniques applied to six fundamental themes: opening conventions, praise styles, the texture of pain-sorrow-grief, battle descriptions and heroism, religious reflections, and closing techniques. The analysis reveals that al-Khansā' employs an emotional and passionate style directly addressing tears, while B&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; adopts a more philosophical and mature opening discussing the transience of the world. In praise sections, al-Khansā' focuses on her brothers' individual heroism, whereas B&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; emphasizes Sultan S&amp;uuml;leyman's statesmanship and Islamic services. Significant differences emerge in the use of religious elements; while Islamic motifs remain limited in al-Khansā's poetry, B&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc;'s elegy is thoroughly interwoven with Islamic beliefs and concepts. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that while universal grief in the face of death generates similar emotional responses across cultures, the modes of expression are shaped by cultural, religious, and social contexts. The most significant contribution of this research to the literature lies in presenting a cross-cultural comparative analysis of the elegiac tradition and revealing the universal dimensions of this genre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86746</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[831-855]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/82</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arap Edebiyatında Hadisle İstişhâd Meselesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Use of Hadith as Evidence in Arabic Literary Discourse]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sadullah TİLKİTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap dili ve Belâgatı, İstişhâd, Edebi sanat, Hadis, Sıhhat.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Istishhad, Literary Devices, Hadith, Authenticity.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bel&amp;acirc;gat ilmi, s&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;n fasih, yerinde ve muhatabın seviyesine uygun bi&amp;ccedil;imde kullanılmasını konu edinen bir disiplindir. Bu bağlamda, delil getirme y&amp;ouml;ntemi bel&amp;acirc;gat &amp;ccedil;alışmalarında &amp;ouml;nemli bir yer tutmakta; genellikle Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m, Arap şiiri ve hadis-i şeriflere m&amp;uuml;racaat edilmektedir. Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in gerek dini tebliğ esnasında gerekse g&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;k konuşmalarında kullandığı dil, fesahati ve beliğ &amp;uuml;sl&amp;ucirc;buyla dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekmektedir. Onun s&amp;ouml;zlerinde yer alan edeb&amp;icirc; g&amp;uuml;zellikler ve mecazlı anlatımlar, yalnızca i&amp;ccedil;eriğiyle değil, &amp;uuml;slup a&amp;ccedil;ısından da bel&amp;acirc;gat ilminde istişh&amp;acirc;d değeri taşımakta ve Arap dilinin ifade g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ortaya koymaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, bel&amp;acirc;gat ilmine dair meselelerde kaynaklarda istişh&amp;acirc;d amacıyla zikredilen hadislerin değeri ele alınmış; ilgili rivayetlerin tahr&amp;icirc;ci yapılmak suretiyle sıhhat durumları değerlendirilmiş ve i&amp;ccedil;erdiği s&amp;ouml;z sanatlarıyla ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada ağırlıklı olarak bel&amp;acirc;gatın bed&amp;icirc;&amp;lsquo; başlığı altındaki edeb&amp;icirc; sanatlara dair &amp;ouml;rneklere yer verilmiş, yer yer beyan b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;nde değerlendirilen s&amp;ouml;z sanatları da incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, &amp;ccedil;alışmada hadislerin dil ve &amp;uuml;slup y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nden istişh&amp;acirc;d amacıyla kullanımına dair klasik d&amp;ouml;nem &amp;acirc;limlerinin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri sunulmuş; istişh&amp;acirc;dı kabul eden ve reddeden yaklaşımlar ile bu yaklaşımların dayandığı deliller ortaya konulmuştur. &amp;Ccedil;alışma kapsamında, yirmi bir başlık altında otuz rivayet ele alınmıştır. Ele alınan kaynaklarda bazı m&amp;uuml;elliflerin hadislere yoğun bi&amp;ccedil;imde yer verdiği, bazılarının ise bu rivayetlerden sınırlı &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de faydalandığı tespit edilmiştir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The science of &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Balagha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (Arabic rhetoric) focuses on the eloquent, contextually appropriate, and audience-sensitive use of language. Within this discipline, the method of adducing textual evidence (&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;istishhād&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) holds significant importance. Scholars frequently reference the Qur&amp;rsquo;an, pre-Islamic Arabic poetry, and Hadith in their rhetorical analyses. The Prophet Muhammad's language, marked by eloquence and rhetorical mastery both in his religious teachings and everyday speech, is particularly noteworthy. His use of figurative expressions and literary beauty not only conveys content but also reflects stylistic excellence, thus serving as a valuable reference in the study of &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Balagha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and demonstrating the expressive power of the Arabic language. This study evaluates the scholarly use of Hadith as evidentiary sources in discussions related to Arabic rhetoric. The selected Hadiths have been analyzed through the process of &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;takhrīj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (source authentication), with an assessment of their reliability and their relation to rhetorical devices. The research primarily focuses on literary arts categorized under the &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;badīʿ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; section of &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Balagha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, while also occasionally examining examples from the &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;bayān&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; section. Furthermore, the views of classical scholars regarding the rhetorical citation of Hadiths are presented, encompassing both supportive and critical perspectives along with their respective arguments. The study investigates thirty Hadith narrations under twenty-one rhetorical headings, revealing that while some authors extensively incorporate Hadiths in their works, others make limited use of them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86700</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[327-344]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/83</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslam Eğitim Tarihinde Rihle Metodu ve Günümüz Öğrenci Değişim Programları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Rihla Method in The History of Islamic Education and Student Exchange Programs Today]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Uğur GÜNERHAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Seyyid SANCAK  -Murat KOBYA  -Kamil ÇOŞTU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[                              .تاريخ التربية الإسلامية، الرحلة، برنامج الفارابي للتبادل الطلابي، برنامج مولانا للتبادل الطلابي، برنامج إيراسموس للتبادل الطلابي ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Islamic Education, Rihla, Al-Farabi Student Exchange Program, Mawlana Student Exchange Program, Erasmus Student Exchange Program.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة تراث الرحلات، الذي يحظى بمكانة بارزة في تاريخ التعليم الإسلامي، وكشف أوجه التشابه والاختلاف بينه وبين برامج تبادل الطلاب المعاصرة. بدأت الرحلات في عهد النبي محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم) بهدف التعرف عليه والدعوة إلى دينه، واكتسبت بمرور الوقت بُعدًا منهجيًا للمعرفة ونشرها. في المجتمعات الإسلامية المبكرة، أصبحت الرحلات العلمية وسيلة تعليمية لا غنى عنها، لا سيما للعلماء الراغبين في تعميق معارفهم في الحديث والعلوم الدينية. قام العلماء أحيانًا برحلات طويلة وشاقة للتعلم من رواد تلك الفترة، مما ساهم في نموهم الفردي ومكّنهم من نقل المعرفة من خلال التفاعل مع الثقافات المختلفة. في هذا السياق، يدرس البحث أهداف الرحلات العلمية المبكرة في التاريخ الإسلامي والتحديات التي واجهتها وآثارها الاجتماعية؛ ويقارنها ببرامج تبادل الطلاب المعاصرة مثل برنامج المزلانا والفارابي وإيراسموس. في هذا البحث، وباستخدام منهج البحث النوعي، تم فحص المصادر الإسلامية الكلاسيكية، والسير الذاتية، والوثائق المتعلقة بالبرامج الحديثة باستخدام تقنية تحليل الوثائق. تشير النتائج إلى أن أشكال التنقل التقليدية والحديثة تؤدي وظائف متشابهة من حيث التنمية الفردية، والتبادل الثقافي، ومشاركة المعرفة. ومع ذلك، لوحظ أيضًا أن البرامج المعاصرة توفر هياكل أكثر مؤسسية وتخطيطًا ودعمًا. وبالتالي، يُعتقد أن هذا التقليد من السفر العلمي، المتجذر بعمق في العالم الإسلامي، يمكن إحياءه من خلال دمجه في أنظمة التعليم المعاصرة، مما يساهم في نهج تعليمي شامل يجمع بين قيم الماضي وفرص الحاضر.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study aims to examine the Rihla (Journey of knowledge) tradition, which has an important place in the history of Islamic education, and to reveal the similarities and differences of this tradition with today's student exchange programs. Rihlas, which began during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) with the aim of knowing him and preaching the religion, over time gained a systematic dimension for the purpose of learning and disseminating knowledge. In early Islamic societies, scientific journeys became an indispensable educational method especially for scholars who wanted to deepen their knowledge in hadith and religious sciences. Scholars sometimes undertook long and arduous scientific journeys in order to learn from the leading scholars of the period, thus both contributing to their individual development and making it possible to transfer knowledge by interacting with different cultures. In this context, the research examines the objectives, challenges encountered, and social impacts of the early scientific journeys in Islamic history; they are compared with contemporary student exchange programs such as Mawlana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt; Farabi and Erasmus. In the research, using the qualitative research method, classical Islamic sources, biographical works and documents related to modern programs are examined using the document analysis technique; the findings indicate that both traditional and modern forms of mobility serve similar functions in terms of individual development, cultural exchange, and knowledge sharing. However, it has also been observed that contemporary programs offer more institutionalized, planned, and supportive structures. As a result, it is thought that this tradition of Rihla, deeply rooted in the Islamic world, can be re-functionalized by integrating it with contemporary education systems, which can contribute to a holistic understanding of education that combines the values of the past with the opportunities of the present&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86668</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1057-1082]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/84</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Seyyîd Ca‘fer Kemâlî’nin Rumkale Güzeller-nâmesi Türk Edebiyatının İlk Şehrengîzi Olabilir mi? ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Could Seyyid Jafar Kemali’s Rumkale Güzeller-nâme be the First Sehrenghiz of Turkish Literature?]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Arif Edip AKSOY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Türk İslam Edebiyatı, İlk şehrengiz, Rumkale Güzeller-nâmesi/Şehrengîzi, Mûnisü’l-‘uşşâk, Seyyîd Ca‘fer Kemâlî, Rumkale, Yunus Bey, Ayıntab.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Turkish Islamic Literature, First shehrenghiz, Rumkale Güzeller-nâmesi/Shehrenghîz, Mûnisü’l-‘uşşâk, Seyyîd Jafar Kemâlî, Rumkale, Yunus Bey, Ayıntab.  ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Şehreng&amp;icirc;zler, bir şehrin ve o şehir i&amp;ccedil;indeki insanların g&amp;uuml;zelliklerini anlatan manzum eserlerdir. Bug&amp;uuml;ne kadar Mes&amp;icirc;h&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Edirne Şehreng&amp;icirc;zi&lt;/em&gt; ve Z&amp;acirc;t&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Edirne Şehreng&amp;icirc;zi&lt;/em&gt; T&amp;uuml;rk Edebiyatının ilk iki şehreng&amp;icirc;zi olarak kabul edilmekteydi. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; ilim alemi Seyy&amp;icirc;d Ca&amp;lsquo;fer Kem&amp;acirc;l&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin 915/1509 senesinde telif ettiği &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale G&amp;uuml;zeller-n&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;nden haberdar değildi. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada tanıtmaya &amp;ccedil;alıştığımız&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo;tam telif tarihi belli olan&amp;rdquo;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Kem&amp;acirc;l&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin 915/1509 yılında kaleme aldığı &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;, şehreng&amp;icirc;z t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n ilk &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; &amp;ouml;rneğinden biri, belki de birincisi olarak edebiyat tarihimizdeki yerini almaya adaydır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada yazma n&amp;uuml;shası yeni tespit edilen &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;M&amp;ucirc;nis&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l&lt;/em&gt;-&amp;lsquo;&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;uşş&amp;acirc;k&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&amp;rsquo;nin&lt;/em&gt; tanıtımı yapılmıştır. Eserin n&amp;uuml;sha ve şekil &amp;ouml;zellikleri tespit edildikten sonra Seyy&amp;icirc;d Ca&amp;lsquo;fer Kem&amp;acirc;l&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin hayatına dair bilgiler ortaya konmuş, başka bir şehreng&amp;icirc;z m&amp;uuml;ellifi olan Defterd&amp;acirc;r-z&amp;acirc;de İsm&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;l Kem&amp;acirc;l&amp;icirc; ile aralarındaki farklar belirtilmiştir. &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Şehreng&amp;icirc;zi&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;nin neden T&amp;uuml;rk edebiyatının ilk &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; şehreng&amp;icirc;zinden biri olduğu delilleri ile g&amp;uuml;n y&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkarılmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. Kem&amp;acirc;l&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;ni sunduğu Yunus Bey ve devri hakkında bilgiler verilmeye gayret edilmiş, Ayıntab, Fırat Nehri, Merz&amp;uuml;man Deresi ve Rumkale şehri hakkında esere dayalı tarihi bilgiler tahlil edilmiştir. &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;nin 538 beyitlik hacmi ile T&amp;uuml;rk edebiyatının en hacimli &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; şehreng&amp;icirc;zi olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Eserin tam metnini oluşturma y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ndeki &amp;ccedil;alışmalarımız devam etmekte olup bu araştırmada eserin b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mlerinden se&amp;ccedil;ilmiş olan ve eseri daha iyi anlamamıza yardımcı olacağını d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z 140 beyit civarındaki muhtasar metin bilim d&amp;uuml;nyasının dikkatine sunulmuştur. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Shehrenghiz are poetic works that depict the beauty of a city and its people. Until now, Mes&amp;icirc;h&amp;icirc;'s &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Edirne Shehrenghiz&lt;/em&gt; and Z&amp;acirc;t&amp;icirc;'s &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Edirne&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Shehrenghiz&lt;/em&gt; were considered the first two shehrenghiz in Turkish literature. This was because the scholarly world was unaware of Seyyid Jafar Kemal&amp;icirc;'s &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;, written in 915/1509. The &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;, whose exact date of publication is known and written by Kemal&amp;icirc; in 915/1509, is a candidate for a place in our literary history as one of the first three examples of the shehrenghiz genre, perhaps the first. This study introduces the newly discovered manuscript of &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;M&amp;ucirc;nis&amp;uuml;'l&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;'uşş&amp;acirc;k&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;. After identifying the manuscript and formal characteristics of the work, information about Seyyid Jafar Kemal&amp;icirc;'s life is presented, and the differences between him and another shehrenghiz author, Defterdar-z&amp;acirc;de İsmail Kemal&amp;icirc;, are highlighted. An attempt is made to demonstrate, with evidence, why &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Şehreng&amp;icirc;zi&lt;/em&gt; is one of the first three shehrenghizs of Turkish literature.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;An effort has been made to provide information about Yunus Bey and his era, to whom Kemal&amp;icirc; presented the &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;. Historical information based on the work has been analyzed regarding Ayıntab, the Euphrates River, Merz&amp;uuml;man Stream, and the city of Rumkale. It has been determined that the &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Rumkale&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;G&amp;uuml;zeller&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;n&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;, with its 538 couplets, is the third-largest shehrenghiz in Turkish literature. Our work to compile the full text of the work is ongoing, and in this research, a summary of approximately 140 couplets, selected from all sections of the work and believed to be helpful in further understanding the work, has been presented to the scholarly community&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86635</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[733-753]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/85</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ziya Gökalp'in Din Sosyolojisi Kuramı: Tarihsel ve Teorik Bir Analiz]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Ziya Gökalp's Theory of Religious Sociology: A Historical and Theoretical Analysis]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mahmut ERDİL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ziya Gökalp, Din sosyolojisi, milliyetçilik, laiklik.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ziya Gökalp, Sociology of religion, nationalism, secularism.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;Bu makale, Ziya G&amp;ouml;kalp&amp;rsquo;in din sosyolojisi kuramını milliyet&amp;ccedil;ilik ve laiklik d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nceleriyle ilişkili olarak sosyolojik bir &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede değerlendirmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. G&amp;ouml;kalp&amp;rsquo;in din anlayışı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu&amp;rsquo;nun &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;lme s&amp;uuml;recinde ve T&amp;uuml;rkiye Cumhuriyeti&amp;rsquo;nin kuruluş aşamasında modernleşme ve ulus inşası gereksinimlerine yanıt veren bir model olarak ele alınmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada teorik analiz ve literat&amp;uuml;r taraması y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle, G&amp;ouml;kalp&amp;rsquo;in din, milliyet&amp;ccedil;ilik ve laiklik kavramlarını Durkheimcı pozitivist sosyoloji ilkeleriyle nasıl sentezlediği kavramsal karşılaştırmalarla tartışılmıştır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle hars (k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r) ve medeniyet ayrımı &amp;uuml;zerinden G&amp;ouml;kalp&amp;rsquo;in dinin toplumsal dayanışmayı g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendiren bir k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel unsur olarak konumlandırılması ve bu konumun modern ulus-devlet yapısına uyarlanması incelenmiştir. Makalede, G&amp;ouml;kalp&amp;rsquo;in milliyet&amp;ccedil;ilik anlayışının dinsel değerleri dışlamadığı, aksine dini milli k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n bir par&amp;ccedil;ası olarak yeniden tanımladığı vurgulanmıştır. Aynı zamanda, din-devlet işlevlerinin ayrışması gerektiğini savunarak, dinin kamusal alanda değil bireysel ve ahlaki alanda yer bulmasını &amp;ouml;neren laiklik anlayışı değerlendirilmiştir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak &amp;ccedil;alışma, G&amp;ouml;kalp&amp;rsquo;in T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de din sosyolojisinin kurucu isimlerinden biri olarak, din-toplum-devlet &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;genine ilişkin sunduğu denge modelinin g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z sosyolojik tartışmalarında &amp;ouml;nemini koruduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bu model, hem &amp;ccedil;ağdaş kimlik ve sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme tartışmaları hem de ulus-devletin k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel temellerinin analizinde temel bir referans &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesi sunmaktadır. Ne Yusuf Ak&amp;ccedil;ura gibi tamamen T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;k etrafında ne Ahmet Ağaoğlu gibi Batı liberal bir d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce de g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerini beyan etmiştir. G&amp;ouml;kalp&amp;rsquo;in yaklaşımı, din&amp;icirc; ve milli değerlerin modernleşme s&amp;uuml;reciyle uyum i&amp;ccedil;inde ele alınabileceğini g&amp;ouml;steren &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n bir sentez olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Onun amacı toplumsal b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nleşme cabası olarak &amp;ccedil;atışan unsurları uyuma g&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;rmektir. T&amp;uuml;rk toplumundaki din olgusuna adeta hibrit model tasarlayarak din sosyolojisi kuramını ortaya koyduğunu s&amp;ouml;yleyebiliriz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;This article aims to evaluate Ziya G&amp;ouml;kalp's theory of the sociology of religion within a sociological framework in relation to nationalism and secularism. G&amp;ouml;kalp's understanding of religion is examined as a model that responded to the needs of modernization and nation-building during the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the founding of the Republic of Turkey. Through theoretical analysis and literature review, the study discusses how G&amp;ouml;kalp synthesized the concepts of religion, nationalism, and secularism with Durkheimian positivist sociology principles through conceptual comparisons. In particular, G&amp;ouml;kalp's positioning of religion as a cultural element that strengthens social solidarity and the adaptation of this position to the modern nation-state structure are examined through the distinction between culture and civilization. The article emphasizes that G&amp;ouml;kalp's understanding of nationalism does not exclude religious values but rather redefines religion as part of national culture. At the same time, the understanding of secularism, which argues that the functions of religion and the state should be separated and suggests that religion should find its place in the individual and moral sphere rather than in the public sphere, is evaluated. In conclusion, the study shows that G&amp;ouml;kalp, as one of the founding figures of the sociology of religion in Turkey, offers a model of balance between religion, society, and the state that remains relevant in today's sociological debates. This model provides a fundamental frame of reference for both contemporary identity and secularization debates and the analysis of the cultural foundations of the nation-state. Neither Yusuf Ak&amp;ccedil;ura, who focused entirely on Turkism, nor Ahmet Ağaoğlu, who espoused Western liberal thought, expressed their views. G&amp;ouml;kalp's approach is considered an original synthesis that shows that religious and national values can be reconciled with the modernization process. His aim is to bring conflicting elements into harmony as an effort toward social integration. We can say that he established the theory of the sociology of religion by designing a hybrid model for the phenomenon of religion in Turkish society.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86613</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[973-987]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/86</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arapça Öğretiminde Okuma Becerisi: Karşılaşılan Güçlükler ve Öğretim Yaklaşımları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Reading Skills in Arabic Language Teaching: Challenges and Instructional Approaches]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Zeynep AKREŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Anahtar Kelimeler: Arapça, Öğretim, Okuma becerisi, Öğretim stratejileri, Dil edinimi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Keywords: Arabic language instruction, reading skills, instructional strategies, language acquisition, preparatory classes.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt .05pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Okuma becerisi, T&amp;uuml;rkiye'deki &amp;uuml;niversitelerde &amp;ouml;zellikle Arap&amp;ccedil;a hazırlık sınıflarında &amp;ouml;ğrenen &amp;ouml;ğrenciler i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ouml;ğrenim s&amp;uuml;recinin temel unsurlarından biri olarak &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır. Bu beceri, teorik bilgi ile uygulamalı yetkinlik arasında k&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml; oluşturma işlevi taşır. &amp;Ouml;ğrenciler, bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te sembollerle sesleri ilişkilendirme, yeni bağlamlarda anlam &amp;ccedil;ıkarma, anlama g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml;kleri ve akıcılık eksiklikleri gibi farklı zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Bu makalede sesli, sessiz ve dinleyerek okuma y&amp;ouml;ntemleri detaylı bir şekilde incelenerek, harflerden başlayıp c&amp;uuml;mle yapılarına kadar ilerleyen kademeli &amp;ouml;ğretimin &amp;ouml;nemine dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekilmektedir. &amp;Ouml;te yandan, &amp;ouml;ğrenme s&amp;uuml;recini daha &amp;ouml;ğrenci odaklı h&amp;acirc;le getirmek i&amp;ccedil;in iş birliğine dayalı &amp;ouml;ğrenme y&amp;ouml;ntemleri değerlendirilmektedir. Makalede ayrıca, okuma becerisi yalnızca teknik bir yeterlilik olarak değil, aynı zamanda bilgi &amp;uuml;retimi ve eleştirel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nme aracı olarak ele alınmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;ğrencilerin motivasyon eksikliği, geleneksel y&amp;ouml;ntemlerin sınırlılığı, kelime dağarcığı sorunları ve dikkat dağınıklığı gibi temel engeller ele alınmakta; bu sorunlara karşı STAD, Jigsaw, TGT ve CI gibi iş birlikli &amp;ouml;ğrenme yaklaşımları &amp;ouml;nerilmektedir. Ayrıca T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de Arap&amp;ccedil;a &amp;ouml;ğretiminde okuma becerisi &amp;uuml;zerine yapılan araştırmaların yetersizliğine dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekilmekte ve bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın ilgili boşluğu doldurmaya y&amp;ouml;nelik bir katkı sunması ama&amp;ccedil;lanmaktadır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, okuma becerisinin geliştirilmesi; &amp;ouml;ğretim y&amp;ouml;ntemi &amp;ccedil;eşitliliği, &amp;ouml;ğrenci motivasyonunun artırılması, bilişsel ve psikolojik engellerin giderilmesi, teknolojinin etkili kullanımı ve hedef &amp;ouml;ğrenci grubuna uygun &amp;ouml;ğretmen yetiştirilmesi gibi &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu bir yaklaşımı zorunlu kılmaktadır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Reading proficiency serves as a foundational component in teaching Arabic, especially for Turkish students in preparatory classes at universities. His skill connects theory to practice. Students often encounter challenges in this phase, including associating symbols with sounds, extracting meaning in new contexts, understanding difficulties, and lack of fluency. This study explores different types of reading&amp;mdash;oral, silent, and listening-based&amp;mdash;and emphasizes the significance of gradual instruction from letters to sentence structures. In order to promote student-centered learning, cooperative learning strategies are discussed. The paper argues that reading is not merely a technical ability but also a means of constructing knowledge and enhancing critical thinking. It also addresses major obstacles such as low motivation, the limitations of traditional teaching methods, vocabulary issues, and attention deficits. To address these challenges, cooperative learning approaches such as STAD, Jigsaw, TGT, and CI are proposed. In addition, the present study underscores a dearth of research regarding reading instruction in the Turkish context of the Arabic language and has positioned itself to attempt to fill this void. Driving reading skills improvement is a multidimensional endeavor that includes a variety of instructional modes, heightened student motivation, the removal of cognitive and psychological hindrances, the efficient application of technology, and the training of teachers to effectively respond to the various needs of learners of Arabic as a foreign language.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86611</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[717-732]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/87</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ev (أو) Edatının Kur'ân-ı Kerîm ve Câhiliye Şiirinde Meânî ve Belâgat Açısından İncelenmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Analysis of the Conjunction (أو/aw) in the Qur’an and Pre-Islamic Poetry in Terms of Ma‘ānī and Balāghah]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Tahsin YILDIRIM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Belâgatı, Kur’ânî Anlam Bilimi, (أو) Bağlacı, Câhiliye Dönemi Şiiri, Dilbilgisel Edatlar, Belâgat, Nahivsel Belirsizlik.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Qur’ānic Semantics, Conjunction (أو), Pre-Islamic Poetry, Grammatical Particles, Balāghah, Syntactic Ambiguity]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; tab-stops: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Bu makale, Arap Dili ve Bel&amp;acirc;gatı disiplini &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde, Arap&amp;ccedil;a&amp;rsquo;nın &amp;ouml;nemli gramer unsurlarından biri olan (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;أو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;) bağlacının Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m ve C&amp;acirc;hiliye D&amp;ouml;nemi şiirindeki kullanımlarını anlam ve anlatım a&amp;ccedil;ısından incelemektedir. Arap dilinde &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; bir işlevselliğe sahip olan bu edat, klasik dilciler ve m&amp;uuml;fessirler nezdinde yalnızca s&amp;ouml;zdizimsel değil; aynı zamanda semantik ve pragmatik d&amp;uuml;zeyde de zengin anlam katmanlarına sahip bir unsur olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;أو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;) edatının ş&amp;uuml;phe (şek), belirsizlik (ibh&amp;acirc;m), tercih (tahy&amp;icirc;r), serbest bırakma (ib&amp;acirc;ha), kategorilendirme (taks&amp;icirc;m), &amp;ouml;nceki anlamdan vazge&amp;ccedil;me (idr&amp;acirc;b) ve mutlak cem&amp;lsquo; gibi başlıca yedi işlevi tespit edilmiş; ayrıca sembolik ve metaforik kullanımlarına da değinilmiştir. Y&amp;ouml;ntem olarak betimleyici ve karşılaştırmalı analiz tercih edilmiş; başta Zemahşer&amp;icirc;, C&amp;uuml;rc&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;, Sakkākī, Ferr&amp;acirc; ve Mur&amp;acirc;d&amp;icirc; gibi klasik dil &amp;acirc;limlerinin eserleri temel kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;de (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;أو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;) edatı, bağlamına g&amp;ouml;re bazen ihtimal bildirir, bazen se&amp;ccedil;enekler sunar, bazen de anlamın genişlemesine veya muhataba serbestlik tanınmasına hizmet eder. C&amp;acirc;hiliye şiirinde ise bu bağla&amp;ccedil;, anlam derinliği ve ifade &amp;ccedil;eşitliliği sağlamak &amp;uuml;zere daha sanatsal ve &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rce kullanılmıştır. B&amp;ouml;ylece (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;أو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;), yalnızca dilbilgisel bir unsur değil, anlamı ve &amp;uuml;slubu şekillendiren &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; bir anlatım aracı olarak &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır. Modern metinler kapsam dışı bırakılarak, klasik metinler ve otoritelerin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri esas alınmış; bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle &amp;ccedil;alışma, klasik Arap&amp;ccedil;anın retorik g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;ne ve edatların anlam &amp;uuml;retme kapasitesine dair katkı sunmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This article, within the framework of Arabic Language and Rhetoric, examines the meanings and rhetorical functions of the conjunction (&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;أو&lt;/span&gt;) as used in the Qur&amp;rsquo;an and Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry. Recognized as a grammatically versatile element in Arabic, this particle is evaluated by classical grammarians and exegetes not only as a syntactic connector but also as a semantic and pragmatic device that contributes to textual richness. The study identifies seven primary functions of the conjunction (&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;أو&lt;/span&gt;): doubt (shakk), ambiguity (ibhām), choice (takhyīr), permissibility (ibāḥa), categorization (taqṣīm), retraction (idrāb), and inclusive enumeration (mutlaq jamʿ). In addition, its symbolic and metaphorical uses are also considered. The methodology adopted is descriptive and comparative, based primarily on the works of classical scholars such as al-Zamakhsharī, al-Jurjānī, al-Sakkākī, al-Farrāʾ, and al-Murādī. In the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān, the conjunction (&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;أو&lt;/span&gt;) serves different functions depending on the context&amp;mdash;at times expressing uncertainty, at others presenting alternatives, expanding semantic range, or offering interpretive flexibility to the addressee. In contrast, in Pre-Islamic poetry, it is employed in a more artistic and liberal manner to enrich meaning and diversify expression. Thus, (&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;أو&lt;/span&gt;) is shown not merely as a syntactic element but as a multifaceted rhetorical device shaping both meaning and stylistic composition. This study excludes modern Arabic texts and contemporary usage, focusing instead on classical sources and textual traditions. In doing so, it seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the rhetorical power of classical Arabic and the semantic potential of grammatical particles in early Arabic discourse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=86564</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1545-1564]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/88</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Âkif ve Muhammed İkbal’de Terakki, İçtihât ve İslam Birliği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Progress, Ijtihad, and Islamic Unity in the Thought of Mehmet Akif and Muhammad Iqbal]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sibel BAYRAM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Muhammed İkbal, İslam birliği, içtihât, terakki. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Muhamamd Iqbal, Islamic unity, ijtihad, progress.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Sanat ve edebiyat, toplumların zorlu tarihi s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerde dirilişi i&amp;ccedil;in kritik bir işlev g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Sanat&amp;ccedil;ılar, toplumsal sorunları adeta bir anten gibi hisseder, bu meseleleri s&amp;uuml;zge&amp;ccedil;ten ge&amp;ccedil;irerek toplumun g&amp;uuml;ndemine taşırlar. Bu anlamda sanat, toplumun aynasıdır ve sanat&amp;ccedil;ılar bu aynayı toplumun &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne tutarlar. Yazılan bir roman ya da s&amp;ouml;ylenen bir şiir, bazen &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k ve adalet uğruna halk hareketlerini başlatabilir, topluma moral ve yol g&amp;ouml;sterici olabilir. Pakistan ve T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;nin mill&amp;icirc; şairleri olan Muhammed İkbal ve Mehmet &amp;Acirc;kif Ersoy, bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle dikkate değer fig&amp;uuml;rlerdir. Her iki şair de yaşadıkları farklı coğrafyalara rağmen, İslam&amp;rsquo;ı ve mill&amp;icirc; değerleri savunmuş; eserleri g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde de Pakistan ve T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;nin mill&amp;icirc; kimliklerini şekillendirmede &amp;ouml;nemli bir rol oynamışlardır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Her iki d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r de M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man d&amp;uuml;nyasının gerileme yaşadığı, s&amp;ouml;m&amp;uuml;rge egemenliğinin h&amp;acirc;kim olduğu ve sosyo-politik &amp;ccedil;alkantıların yoğunlaştığı bir d&amp;ouml;nemde ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkmıştır. Ulusal ve dilsel bağlamları farklı olsa da, her ikisi de Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın dinamik yapısından beslenen ve &amp;ccedil;ağdaş ger&amp;ccedil;ekliklerle uyumlu bir i&amp;ccedil;tih&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #212529; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;acirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;d anlayışı yoluyla &amp;uuml;mmetin zihinsel uyanışını hedeflemiş, İslam alaeminin birliğini savunmuşlardır. İkbal, kurumsal i&amp;ccedil;tih&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #212529; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;acirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;dın gerekliliğini felsefi d&amp;uuml;zlemde temellendirirken, &amp;Acirc;kif i&amp;ccedil;tih&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #212529; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;acirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;dın ahlaki ve manevi boyutunu şiirsel bir dille ifade etmiştir. Bu karşılaştırmalı &amp;ccedil;alışma, İkbal&amp;rsquo;in &lt;em&gt;İslam&amp;rsquo;da Dini D&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncenin Yeniden Yapılandırılması&lt;/em&gt; eseri ile &amp;Acirc;kif&amp;rsquo;in &lt;em&gt;Safahat &lt;/em&gt;adlı şiir k&amp;uuml;lliyatı başta olmak &amp;uuml;zere, temel metinlerine dayanarak, her iki d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n İslami uyanışa dair kesişen vizyonlarını ortaya koymayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0in;"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Art and literature have played a critical role in the revival of societies during times of historical hardship. Artists, like antennas, sense social problems and bring them to the public agenda through their creative lenses. In this sense, art serves as a mirror of society, and artists hold that mirror up for the people to see themselves. A novel or a poem can sometimes ignite mass movements in the name of freedom and justice, offering both moral strength and guidance to society. In this regard, the national poets of Pakistan and Turkey&amp;mdash;Muhammad Iqbal and Mehmet Akif Ersoy&amp;mdash;are particularly noteworthy figures. Despite coming from different geographies, both poets defended Islam and national values, and their works have continued to shape the national identities of Pakistan and Turkey to this day.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Both thinkers emerged at a time when the Muslim world was in decline, marked by colonial domination and intense socio-political upheaval. Though they belonged to different linguistic and national contexts, they each envisioned a revival of the Muslim Ummah through a renewed understanding of Ijtihad&amp;mdash;one that drew on the dynamic structure of the Qur&amp;rsquo;an and was compatible with the conditions of the modern world. They also advocated for the unity of the Islamic world. Iqbal philosophically articulated the necessity of institutional Ijtihad, while Akif expressed its moral and spiritual dimensions through poetic language. This comparative study draws on Iqbal&amp;rsquo;s The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam and Akif&amp;rsquo;s poetic collection Safahat, among other foundational texts, to illuminate their intersecting visions of Islamic revival.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=85944</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[811-830]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/89</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Körfez’de Bir Medya Hafızası: XX. Asırda Bahreyn’de Basın ve Yayıncılığın Serüveni]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Media Memory in the Gulf: The Journey of Press and Publishing in Bahrain in the 20th Century]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Leyla YAKUPOĞLU BORAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap dili ve edebiyatı, Arap Körfezi, Bahreyn basını, matbaa, Savtu’l-Bahreyn, Cerîdetu’l-Bahreyn.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic language and literature, Arabian Gulf, Bahrain press, printing press, Sawt al-Bahrain, Newspaper of Bahrain.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;XX. asırda K&amp;ouml;rfez &amp;uuml;lkelerinden biri olan Bahreyn&amp;rsquo;in matbaa ve yazılı basınının gelişim ser&amp;uuml;venini tarihsel bir bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısıyla ele alan bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, ekonomik ve teknik olanaklar dışında &amp;uuml;lkenin siyas&amp;icirc; ve sosyal durumunun Bahreyn&amp;rsquo;de gazete ve dergi yayıncılığının gelişimde &amp;ouml;nemli bir fakt&amp;ouml;r olduğunu ve belirgin bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu minvalde &amp;ouml;zellikle İngiliz manda y&amp;ouml;netimi ile 1971 sonrası bağımsızlık d&amp;ouml;neminin siyasetine dair izlerin bulunabileceği bu makale, Bahreyn&amp;rsquo;in sosyal ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel alandaki modernleşme s&amp;uuml;recine de ışık tutmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Osmanlı sonrası İngiliz manda y&amp;ouml;netiminin g&amp;ouml;lgesinde şekillenen basın politikaları, siyas&amp;icirc; sans&amp;uuml;r ve toplumsal muhalefetle birlikte değerlendirilmekte; bağımsızlık sonrası d&amp;ouml;nemde ise k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel, sosyal ve entelekt&amp;uuml;el gelişmelerin basın &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkilerine odaklanılmaktadır. Abdullah ez-Z&amp;acirc;yid gibi &amp;ouml;nc&amp;uuml; isimlerin matbaa kurma ve gazete &amp;ccedil;ıkarma &amp;ccedil;abalarının yanı sıra Abdurrahm&amp;acirc;n el-B&amp;acirc;kir, Ali Seyy&amp;acirc;r ve Mahm&amp;ucirc;d el-Merd&amp;icirc; gibi entelekt&amp;uuml;ellerin yayıncılık faaliyetleri kapsamındaki m&amp;uuml;cadeleleri de bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada vurgulanmaktadır. Aynı zamanda XX. asırda Bahreyn&amp;rsquo;in &amp;ouml;nde gelen yayınlarından &lt;em&gt;Cer&amp;icirc;detu&amp;rsquo;l-Bahreyn&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Savtu&amp;rsquo;l-Bahreyn&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Sah&amp;icirc;fetu&amp;rsquo;l-Ham&amp;icirc;le&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;el-K&amp;acirc;file&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;el-Vatan&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;el-M&amp;icirc;z&amp;acirc;n&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;eş-Şu&amp;lsquo;le&lt;/em&gt; gibi gazete ve dergilerin y&amp;uuml;klendiği misyona ve Bahreyn basınının gelişimdeki rol&amp;uuml;ne dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekilmektedir. Ayrıca basın-yayın faaliyetlerinin haber alma vasıtası olma dışında ulusal ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel kimliğin oluşturulması ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması, kamuoyunun d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerinin ve taleplerinin ilgili merciye iletilmesi gibi m&amp;uuml;him vazifeler &amp;uuml;stlendiği de ifade edilmeye &amp;ccedil;alışılmaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada metin analizine dayalı nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi kullanılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study, which examines the development of printing and the written press in Bahrain, one of the Gulf countries, in the 20th century from a historical perspective, reveals that, in addition to economic and technical capabilities, the political and social situation of the country was an important factor in the development of newspaper and magazine publishing in Bahrain and played a significant role. In this context, this article, which traces the political developments of the British Mandate period and the post-1971 independence era, aims to shed light on Bahrain's modernization process in the social and cultural spheres. Press policies shaped under the shadow of the British mandate administration after the Ottoman Empire are evaluated in conjunction with political censorship and social opposition, while the post-independence period focuses on the effects of cultural, social and intellectual developments on the press. In addition to the efforts of pioneering figures such as Abdallah al-Zaid to establish printing presses and publish newspapers, the struggles of intellectuals such as Abdurrahman al-Bakeer, Ali Sayyar, and Mahmoud al-Mardi in the field of publishing are also highlighted in this study. At the same time, the mission undertaken by newspapers and magazines such as Newspaper of al-Bahrain, Sawt al-Bahrain, Newspaper of Khamela, al-Qafila, al-Watan, al-Mizaan and al-Şu&amp;lsquo;la, which were among the leading publications of Bahrain in the 20th century, and their role in the development of the Bahraini press are highlighted. Furthermore, it is attempted to express that press and publishing activities have assumed important duties beyond being a means of obtaining news, such as forming national and cultural identity and transmitting it to future generations and conveying the thoughts and demands of the public to the relevant authorities.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;In this study, a qualitative research method based on text analysis is used.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=83869</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1521-1544]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/90</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Makâsıd-Vesâil Ayırımı Bağlamında Misvak Rivayetleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Study on Miswak Narrations in the Context of the Makâsid-Vesâ’il Distinction]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Rahmet KOLUMAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Sünnet, Makâsıd, Vesâil, Misvak Rivayetleri.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Sunnah, Maqâsid, Wasâ’il, Miswak Narrations.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in s&amp;uuml;nneti, yalnızca din&amp;icirc; h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin ikinci kaynağı olmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların bireysel ve toplumsal hayatını şekillendiren evrensel bir rehber niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu rehberliğin doğru anlaşılabilmesi, s&amp;uuml;nnetin sadece lafz&amp;icirc; ve şekilsel y&amp;ouml;nleriyle değil; aynı zamanda taşıdığı gaye, maksat ve hikmet boyutlarıyla birlikte değerlendirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, İslam hukuk d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinde &amp;ouml;nemli bir y&amp;ouml;ntemsel ayrım olan mak&amp;acirc;sıd (ama&amp;ccedil;lar) ve ves&amp;acirc;il (ara&amp;ccedil;lar) &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde, s&amp;uuml;nnetin &amp;ccedil;ağın değişen toplumsal ihtiya&amp;ccedil;larına uygun bi&amp;ccedil;imde yorumlanmasına katkı sağlanması ama&amp;ccedil;lanmıştır. Bu bağlamda misvak hadisleri &amp;ouml;rnek olarak se&amp;ccedil;ilmiş ve nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemleriyle analiz edilmiştir. &lt;em&gt;K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;b-i Sitte&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;de yer alan misvakla ilgili rivayetler tespit edilmiş, tematik başlıklar altında sınıflandırılmış ve i&amp;ccedil;erik a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, misvakın bizzat kendisinden ziyade, onunla sağlanan ağız ve diş temizliğinin s&amp;uuml;nnetin asıl gayesi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Misvakın rivayetlerde &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla fiil kalıplarıyla yer alması, ilgili rivayetlerin genellikle tah&amp;acirc;ret ve temizlik b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mlerinde bulunması, misvakın faziletine dair rivayetlerin zayıf kabul edilmesi ve Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in zaman zaman misvak dışında farklı ara&amp;ccedil;larla da ağız temizliği yaptığına dair sahih rivayetlerin bulunması, misvakın temizlik amacına hizmet eden tarihsel bir ara&amp;ccedil; olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, s&amp;uuml;nnette bazı uygulamaların doğrudan maksat değil, bu maksatlara ulaştıran ara&amp;ccedil;lar olduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Dolayısıyla gayenin korunması şartıyla ara&amp;ccedil;ların zaman ve şartlara g&amp;ouml;re değişebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, s&amp;uuml;nnetin şekilci ve literal bir anlayışla değil, maksat merkezli bir yaklaşımla yorumlanması gerektiği vurgulanmış; bu doğrultuda, s&amp;uuml;nnetin yerine getirilmesinde kullanılan ara&amp;ccedil;ların değişebilir, ancak taşıdığı ama&amp;ccedil;ların sabit ve evrensel olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad is not only the second source of Islamic rulings but also serves as a universal guide that shapes the individual and social life of Muslims. A proper understanding of this guidance requires evaluating the Sunnah not merely through its literal and formal aspects, but also by considering its purposes, objectives, and underlying wisdom. This study aims to contribute to the interpretation of the Sunnah in accordance with the changing social needs of the time, within the methodological framework of maq&amp;acirc;sid (objectives) and was&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;il (means), which is an important distinction in Islamic legal thought. In this context, hadiths concerning the use of the miswāk were selected as a case study and analyzed using qualitative research methods. The miswak related reports found in the Kutub al-Sittah were identified, categorized under thematic headings, and evaluated in terms of content. The analysis revealed that the true objective of the Sunnah lies not in the miswak itself, but in the oral and dental cleanliness it facilitates. The fact that miswak is mostly mentioned in action-based narrations, appears in the sections on purification and cleanliness, that hadiths regarding its merit are generally considered weak, and that there are authentic reports indicating the Prophet sometimes used other tools for oral hygiene, all point to the miswāk being a historical means serving the goal of cleanliness. This suggests that certain practices in the Sunnah are not ultimate objectives but means to achieving those objectives. Therefore, it is concluded that as long as the ultimate goal is preserved, the means can change depending on time and circumstances. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the Sunnah should not be interpreted through a rigidly formalistic or literal approach, but rather through an objective-centered perspective. Accordingly, while the tools used to fulfill the Sunnah may vary, the purposes they aim to realize remain constant and universal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=83074</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2121-2143]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/91</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Bir Mucizât-ı Nebî Örneği: Hikâyet-i Ebu’l-Hacer (İnceleme-Metin)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Example of the Prophet Muhammed's Miracles : The Story of Abu’l-Hacer (Analysis and Text)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hasan KARACA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Yeni Türk dili, Ebu’l-Hacer, Osmanlı Türkçesi, eski Anadolu Türkçesi, yazma eser, mucize]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Turkish language, Ebu’l-Hacer, Ottoman Turkish, old Anatolian Turkish, manuscript, miracle.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Yazma eserler, d&amp;ouml;nemlerinin dil ve d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce d&amp;uuml;nyasını tanıklar. T&amp;uuml;rklerin M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man olmasıyla birlikte din&amp;icirc; terc&amp;uuml;me ve telif eserler de ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkmaya başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Hik&amp;acirc;yet-i Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-Hacer,&lt;/em&gt; T&amp;uuml;rk edebiyatında genel adı &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Muciz&amp;acirc;t-ı Neb&amp;icirc; &lt;/em&gt;olan mucize metinlerindendir. Mill&amp;icirc; K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phane Yazmalar Koleksiyonu&amp;rsquo;nda 06 Hk 1637/4 katalog bilgisiyle kayıtlıdır. Eserde babasının vasiyeti &amp;uuml;zerine Hz. Muhammed&amp;rsquo;i g&amp;ouml;rmeye giden San&amp;rsquo;a padişahının oğlu Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-Hacer&amp;rsquo;in başına gelenler anlatılır. Hik&amp;acirc;ye eğitici, &amp;ouml;ğretici din&amp;icirc; bir metin olup ahlak&amp;icirc; değerleri g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirme, din&amp;icirc; şuuru geliştirme ve doğru davranışları kazandırma işlevine sahiptir. Eserde Hz. Muhammed&amp;rsquo;in deveyi konuşturması ve Ebu&amp;rsquo;l Hacer&amp;rsquo;i diriltmesi mucizeleri yer almaktadır. Yazım &amp;ouml;zelliği olarak Arap-Fars yazı geleneği ile Uygur yazı geleneği &amp;ouml;zellikleri i&amp;ccedil; i&amp;ccedil;edir. Dili sade ve anlaşılırdır. Genel s&amp;ouml;z varlığı, din&amp;icirc; terminoloji kaynaklı Arap&amp;ccedil;a ve Fars&amp;ccedil;a kavramlar dışında T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;edir. &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Hik&amp;acirc;yet-i Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-Hacer&lt;/em&gt;'in fonetik ve morfolojik &amp;ouml;zellikleri bir yanıyla telif edildiği Eski Anadolu T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;esi d&amp;ouml;nemini diğer yanıyla istinsah edildiği 18. y&amp;uuml;zyıl Osmanlı T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;esi d&amp;ouml;nemini yansıtmaktadır. Dudak uyumu, sadece d&amp;uuml;z ya da yuvarlak&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml; bi&amp;ccedil;imi kullanılan ekler, hem d&amp;uuml;z hem yuvarlak &amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml; bi&amp;ccedil;imi kullanılan ekler, birtakım ses değişmeleri, fonetik d&amp;uuml;şme ve t&amp;uuml;remeler, arkaik kullanımlar s&amp;ouml;z konusu ge&amp;ccedil;iş d&amp;ouml;nemini tanıklamaktadır. &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Hik&amp;acirc;yet-i Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-Hacer,&lt;/em&gt; T&amp;uuml;rk-İslam d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinin Anadolu&amp;rsquo;da dil ve edebiyat olarak şekillenmesi, kimlik bulması ve somutlaşıp yaygınlaşmasının bir &amp;ouml;rneğini teşkil etmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada s&amp;ouml;z konusu metin transkribe edilerek t&amp;uuml;r, yazım &amp;ouml;zellikleri ve dil incelemesiyle tanıtıldı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Manuscripts serve as witnesses to the linguistic and intellectual world of their periods. With the conversion of the Turks to Islam, religious translations and original works began to emerge. In this context, &lt;em&gt;Hik&amp;acirc;yet-i Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-Hacer&lt;/em&gt; is one of the miracle narratives in Turkish literature, generally categorized under &lt;em&gt;Mu&amp;lsquo;ciz&amp;acirc;t-ı Neb&amp;icirc;&lt;/em&gt; (Miracles of the Prophet). It is registered in the Manuscripts Collection of the National Library under the catalog number 06 Hk 1637/4. The narrative tells the experiences of Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-Hacer, the son of the ruler of San&amp;lsquo;a, who makes a journey to see the Prophet Muhammad following his father&amp;rsquo;s will. The text is a didactic and instructive religious work, aiming to reinforce moral values, enhance religious consciousness, and instill virtuous behavior. There are two miracles depicted in the work, one is the Prophet Muhammad's ability to make a camel speak and the other is his resurrecting Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-Hacer. The manuscript exhibits an interplay between the Arabic-Persian and the Uyghur script traditions. The language is plain and comprehensible. Apart from Arabic and Persian terms derived from religious terminology, the general vocabulary is in Turkish. The phonetic and morphological features of &lt;em&gt;Hik&amp;acirc;yet-i Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-Hacer&lt;/em&gt; reflect both the period it was originally composed (Old Anatolian Turkish) and the period it was copied (18th-century Ottoman Turkish era). The text bears witness to this linguistic transition through features such as labial harmony, suffixes that appear either in rounded or unrounded vowel forms, phonetic changes, sound elisions and additions, as well as archaic usages. &lt;em&gt;Hik&amp;acirc;yet-i Ebu&amp;rsquo;l-Hacer&lt;/em&gt; serves as an example of how Turkish-Islamic thought took linguistic and literary form in Anatolia, contributing to the shaping, identification, and dissemination of this intellectual tradition. In this study, I have transcribed the text and analyzed its genre, orthographic features, and linguistic characteristics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=83057</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[197-217]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/92</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Özbekçe Meallerde Hakikat ve Mecaz Aktarımı ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Transmission of Literal and Figurative Meanings in Uzbek Qur'anic Translations]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yunus ABDURAHİMOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kur’ân, Âyet, Meâl, Hakikat, Mecâz]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Quran, Verse, Translation, Truth, Metaphor]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Mecaz kelimesi l&amp;uuml;gatte yol, bir yeri adımlayarak ge&amp;ccedil;me, hedefe doğru mesafeleri katetme, yolculuk yapma gibi anlamlara gelmektedir. Istılah olarak ise, kelimenin vaz edildiği şekliyle anlaşılmasının imk&amp;acirc;n d&amp;acirc;hilinde olmadığı bu nedenle benzetme veya bir karine dolayısıyla hakikat anlamının dışında ikincil bir manada kabul edilmesidir. İlahi kaynaklı Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ı Kerim muhatab olarak insanı alması y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle onun dikkatini &amp;ccedil;eken, idrakine yerleşmeyi kolaylaştıran edebi bir dil ve metod kullanmaktadır. Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın zikredilen &amp;ouml;zelliği &amp;acirc;yetlerin arap&amp;ccedil;a aslından başka bir dile terc&amp;uuml;me edildiğinde nasıl ve ne &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de yansımaktadır. &amp;Acirc;yetler farklı dillere terc&amp;uuml;me edildiğinde &amp;acirc;yetlerin &amp;uuml;slubunda barındırdığı edebi sanatlar da olduğu gibi aktarılabiliyor mu gibi sorulara cevaplar aranmaktadır. Orta Asya Coğrafyasında yaşayan m&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man t&amp;uuml;rkler uzun bir s&amp;uuml;re Sovyetler Birliğinin siyasi ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel hegamonyasında kalmışlardır. Bu nedenle hem inan&amp;ccedil;larını hem de onu ifade edecek dillerini &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rce hayata ge&amp;ccedil;iremedikleri gibi geliştirme imkanından da yoksun kalmışlardır. Nitekim inan&amp;ccedil; ve dil birlikteliğini, aralarındaki ilişkiyi en iyi yansıtacak veri Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n me&amp;acirc;lleridir. Bu bağlamda &amp;ccedil;alışmada &amp;Ouml;zbek diliyle yazılan me&amp;acirc;llerde m&amp;uuml;ellifler tarafından &amp;acirc;yetlerin anlamını belirlerken hakikat ve mecazdan faydalanma y&amp;ouml;nleri inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. Zira Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;daki her ifadeyi temel anlamıyla almak m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n değildir. Makalede işlenen konu &amp;Ouml;zbekistan&amp;rsquo;ın bağımsızlığı sonrası yazılmış olan d&amp;ouml;rt Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n me&amp;acirc;liyle sınırlandırılmıştır. Metod olarak se&amp;ccedil;ilen teliflerin mecazı yansıtabilecekleri &amp;acirc;yetlere verdikleri anlam ve onları ifade y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinin tesbit edilmesi, değerlendirilmesi ve karşılaştırılması benimsenmiştir. Bunun sonucunda &amp;Ouml;zbek diliyle yazılmış bu eserlerde mecaz anlama dair a&amp;ccedil;ıklamaların sınırlı olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Zira bu t&amp;uuml;r teliflerde temel ama&amp;ccedil; halka en yalın ve anlaşılır şekilde Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın ulaştırılması hedeflenmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; zikredilen eserler &amp;ouml;zelinde Orta Asya&amp;rsquo;da yer alan devletler uzun s&amp;uuml;re Sovyetler Birliği Devletinin egemenliğinde kalmışlardır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;The word metaphor literally means "road," "passing by foot," "covering distances toward a goal," or "journey." Terminologically, it refers to the impossibility of understanding the word in its original form, and therefore, due to analogy or a presumption, it is accepted in a secondary meaning beyond its literal meaning. The divinely inspired Quran, addressing humans, uses a literary language and method that attracts their attention and facilitates comprehension. How and to what extent are the aforementioned characteristics of the Quran reflected when the verses are translated from their original Arabic into a language other than their original? Questions such as whether the verses can be conveyed when translated into different languages, as well as the literary art inherent in the verses' style, are sought. Muslim Turks living in Central Asia remained under the political and cultural hegemony of the Soviet Union for a long time. Consequently, they were unable to freely practice their faith or the language to express it, and were deprived of the opportunity to develop it. Indeed, the best way to reflect the unity of faith and language, and the relationship between them, is through the translations of the Quran.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;In this context, this study examines the authors' use of literal and metaphorical meanings in determining the meaning of verses in Uzbek translations. It is impossible to take every expression in the Quran literally. The subject of this article is limited to four Quranic translations written after Uzbekistan's independence. The method adopted is to identify, evaluate, and compare the meanings given by the selected translations to verses that could reflect metaphor, as well as their methods of expression. As a result, it has been observed that explanations of figurative meaning in these Uzbek works are limited. The primary goal in such translations is to convey the Quran to the public in the simplest and most understandable way. This is because, in the case of the mentioned works, the states in Central Asia were under the rule of the Soviet Union for a long time.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=83031</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[701-716]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/93</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Abdî’nin Hz. İsmail Anlatısı: Nev-zuhûr ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Abdi’s Narrative of Prophet Ishmael: Naw-dhour]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatma Sabiha KUTLAR OĞUZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatih UĞUR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Klasik Türk edebiyatı, XVIII. yüzyıl, Abdî Çelebi, Nev-zuhûr, Hz. İbrahim, Hz. İsmail Seyyid Mahmûd Âgâh]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Classical Turkish literatüre, 18th century, Abdi Chelebi, Naw-dhour (Nev-zuhûr), Abraham, Ishmael, Sayyid Mahmoud Agah]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma XVIII. y&amp;uuml;zyıl şairlerinden Abd&amp;icirc; &amp;Ccedil;elebi tarafından 1167/1753-54 yılında kaleme alınan &lt;em&gt;Nev-zuh&amp;ucirc;r&lt;/em&gt; adlı mesnevi ve bu mesnevinin 1277/1860-61 yılında Seyyid Mahm&amp;ucirc;d &amp;Acirc;g&amp;acirc;h isimli bir m&amp;uuml;stensih tarafından istinsah edilen n&amp;uuml;shası &amp;uuml;zerinedir. Adı ge&amp;ccedil;en mesnevide Abd&amp;icirc;, temelde &lt;em&gt;Kur&amp;rsquo;an-ı Kerim&lt;/em&gt; kaynaklı bir kıssa olan Hz. İsmail&amp;rsquo;in kurban edilme hadisesini anlatmıştır. Ancak eser incelendiğinde, şairin anlatıyı kurarken Tevrat, mitoloji, halk anlatıları gibi kaynaklardan da beslendiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Fedak&amp;acirc;rlık, teslimiyet ve sabır gibi temalar etrafında şekillenen hik&amp;acirc;yeye g&amp;ouml;re Hz. İbrahim, g&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; bir r&amp;uuml;ya neticesinde oğlu Hz. İsmail&amp;rsquo;i kurban etmek istemiş; ancak elindeki bı&amp;ccedil;ak Allah&amp;rsquo;ın emriyle &amp;ccedil;ocuğun boğazını kesmemiştir. Ardından Allah, kendisine kurban etmesi i&amp;ccedil;in bir ko&amp;ccedil; g&amp;ouml;ndermiş, b&amp;ouml;ylece o g&amp;uuml;n kurban bayramı olarak kutlanır olmuştur. Abd&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin s&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; ge&amp;ccedil;en kıssayı anlattığı &lt;em&gt;Nev-zuh&amp;ucirc;r&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;un elimizdeki tek n&amp;uuml;shasının en dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekici y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; ise 1277/1860-61&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;yılında Mahm&amp;ucirc;d &amp;Acirc;g&amp;acirc;h tarafından istinsah ve tashih edilmesidir. &amp;Acirc;g&amp;acirc;h, orijinal metne doğrudan m&amp;uuml;dahale etmiş, uygun bulmadığı kimi s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;kleri ve s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;beklerini değiştirmiş, hatta manzumeye bir beyit de ilave etmiştir. Eserin sonunda da yaptığı m&amp;uuml;dahalelerin gerek&amp;ccedil;esini anlatttığı mensur bir par&amp;ccedil;a ile bunun yanı sıra toplamda yirmi d&amp;ouml;rt beyitlik iki manzumeye yer vermiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada mesnevinin farklı y&amp;ouml;nleri &amp;uuml;zerinde durulmakla birlikte &amp;ouml;zellikle anlatıda kullanılan motifler, bunların kutsal kitaplarda ve &amp;ccedil;eşitlik k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rlere ait mitik anlatılarda s&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; ge&amp;ccedil;en benzer motiflerle ilişkisi, dinler tarihi ve mitoloji bağlamda ele alınmış, ardından metnin &amp;ccedil;eviriyazısı verilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This study focuses on the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Naw-dhour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; background: white; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Nev-zuh&amp;ucirc;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;, a mesnevi written in 1167/1753-54 by Abdi Chelebi, one of the 18th-century poets, and the copy of this work transcribed in 1277/1860-61 by a scribe named Sayyid Mahmoud Agah. In the work, Abdi narrates the incident of the sacrifice of Prophet Ishmael, a story fundamentally based on the Qur&amp;rsquo;an. However, upon close examination, it becomes evident that the poet also drew inspiration from other sources such as the Torah, mythology, and folk narratives while constructing the story. The tale, shaped around themes such as sacrifice, submission, and patience, recounts how Prophet Abraham, following a dream, intended to sacrifice his son Ishmael. However, by God&amp;rsquo;s command, the knife did not cut the boy&amp;rsquo;s throat. Then, God sent a ram to be sacrificed instead, and that day began to be celebrated as Eid al-Adha. The most striking aspect of Abd&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s work that this study examines is the fact that the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Naw-dhour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;(Nev-zuh&amp;ucirc;r) was transcribed and revised by Mahmoud Agah in 1277/1860-61. Agah directly intervened in the original text, altering words and phrases he deemed inappropriate and even adding a couplet. At the end of the work, he included a prose piece justifying his editorial interventions, along with two poetic passages totaling twenty-four couplets. In this study, a transliteration of the text has been carried out, and the motifs within the work have been examined. Their connections to similar motifs found in holy scriptures and mythical narratives from various cultures have been evaluated in the context of the history of religions and mythology.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82995</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1239-1272]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/94</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Eğitim Yoluyla Sekülerleşme: Din, Modernite ve Değişimin Kesişimi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Secularızatıon Through Educatıon: The Intersectıon of Relıgıon, Modernıty And Change]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ersin YAĞAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Eğitim Sosyolojisi, Sekülerleşme, Din, Modernite, Değişim]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Education, Secularization, Religion, Modernity, Change]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, sek&amp;uuml;lerleşmenin eğitim yoluyla nasıl ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştiğini incelemektedir. Eğitim sistemlerinin din, modernite ve toplumsal d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mle nasıl bir etkileşim i&amp;ccedil;inde olduğunu analiz etmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle sanayi devrimi sonrası eğitim kurumları, dini bilgi formlarının yerini bilimsel, akılcı ve laik bilgi bi&amp;ccedil;imlerine bırakmaya başlamıştır. Bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil; kutsalın toplumsal etkisinin form değiştirmesiyle sonu&amp;ccedil;lanmıştır. Araştırmanın temel sorusu, eğitimin modern toplumlarda kutsalın yeniden tanımlanması ya da d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ne nasıl katkı sunduğudur. Sek&amp;uuml;lerleşmenin dini tamamen ortadan kaldırmadığı; aksine, kutsal olanın farklı bi&amp;ccedil;imlerde yeniden &amp;uuml;retildiği bir s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil; olduğu varsayılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, eğitim sek&amp;uuml;lerleşmenin yalnızca bir yansıması değil; aynı zamanda onu &amp;uuml;reten, şekillendiren ve toplumsallaştıran bir alandır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışmada nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi benimsenmiş ve literat&amp;uuml;r taramasına dayalı kuramsal &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mleme yapılmıştır. Durkheim, Comte, Asad, Habermas ve Taylor gibi d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;rlerin kuramları merkeze alınarak farklı &amp;uuml;lkelerdeki eğitim sistemleri incelenmiştir. Fransa, Japonya, &amp;Ccedil;in ve T&amp;uuml;rkiye &amp;ouml;rnekleri &amp;uuml;zerinden karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapılmıştır. Eğitim yoluyla aktarılan değerlerin, sek&amp;uuml;ler ideolojilerin yeniden &amp;uuml;retiminde ve yeni kutsalların inşasında oynadığı rol vurgulanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, eğitimin sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme s&amp;uuml;recinde merkezi ve kurucu bir işlev g&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Eğitim, yalnızca bilgi değil, aynı zamanda ideoloji taşıyıcısıdır. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle eğitim, sek&amp;uuml;lerliğin s&amp;uuml;rekliliğini sağlayan temel toplumsal aygıtlardan biridir. Bu bağlamda, eğitim sistemi sek&amp;uuml;lerleşmenin hem tetikleyicisi hem de &amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;r. Ancak bu d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m, dinin toplumsal etkisinin ortadan kalkması anlamına gelmemektedir. Din, form değiştirerek yeni bir toplumsal konum edinmektedir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle bireysel d&amp;uuml;zeyde inan&amp;ccedil; bi&amp;ccedil;imlerinin yeniden yapılandığı bir evreye girilmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study examines how secularization occurs through education. It aims to analyze how educational systems interact with religion, modernity, and social transformation. Particularly after the industrial revolution, educational institutions began to replace religious forms of knowledge with scientific, rational, and secular ones. This process resulted in a shift in the social influence of the sacred. The fundamental question of this research is how education contributes to the redefinition or transformation of the sacred in modern societies. Secularization is assumed not to eliminate religion; on the contrary, it is a process in which the sacred is reproduced in different forms. In this context, education is not merely a reflection of secularization; it is also a field that produces, shapes, and socializes it. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The study adopted a qualitative research method and conducted a theoretical analysis based on literature review. Education systems in different countries were examined, focusing on the theories of thinkers such as Durkheim, Comte, Asad, Habermas, and Taylor. A comparative analysis was conducted using the examples of France, Japan, China, and T&amp;uuml;rkiye. The role played by values ​​transmitted through education in the reproduction of secular ideologies and the construction of new sacred values ​​is emphasized. The findings demonstrate that education plays a central and constitutive function in the secularization process. Education is not only a carrier of knowledge but also of ideology. In this respect, education is one of the fundamental social instruments that ensure the continuity of secularism. In this context, the education system is both a trigger and a product of secularization. However, this transformation does not mean the disappearance of the social influence of religion. Religion is changing form and acquiring a new social position. We are entering a phase of restructuring of belief systems, particularly at the individual level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82991</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1503-1519]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/95</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arnold van Gennep’in Kuramına Göre Yahudilikte Geçiş Dönemi Ritüelleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Rites of Passage in Judaism According to Arnold van Gennep’s Theory]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Reyhan Gökben SALUK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Folklor, Dinler Tarihi, Yahudilik, İnanç, Ritüel.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Folklore, History of Religions, Judaism, Belief, Ritual.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Fransız&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;folklorist&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Arnold van Gennep, 1909 yılında yayımladığı klasik eseri Les Rites de Passage&amp;rsquo;da bir nevi eşik aşamalarını ifade eden ge&amp;ccedil;iş rit&amp;uuml;ellerini, bireylerin bir toplumsal ya da din&amp;icirc; stat&amp;uuml;den başka bir stat&amp;uuml;ye ge&amp;ccedil;iş s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerini inşa eden sembolik yapılar olarak tanımlar. Bu s&amp;uuml;reci &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; ardışık aşamayla a&amp;ccedil;ıklar: ayrılma (&amp;ouml;nceki kimlikten kopuş), ge&amp;ccedil;iş ya da liminalite (belirsizlik ve d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m d&amp;ouml;nemi) ve yeniden katılım (yeni stat&amp;uuml;ye ya da topluluğa dahil olma). Van Gennep&amp;rsquo;in bu &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; aşamalı modeli, yalnızca bireysel d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mleri değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerini de analiz etmek i&amp;ccedil;in kapsamlı bir kuramsal &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;eve sunar.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Yahudi yaşam d&amp;ouml;ng&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml; rit&amp;uuml;elleri -Brit Milah (s&amp;uuml;nnet), Bar/Bat Mitzvah, evlilik ve &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m t&amp;ouml;renleri- bu ge&amp;ccedil;iş rit&amp;uuml;ellerinin tipik &amp;ouml;rneklerini oluşturur. Bu rit&amp;uuml;eller yalnızca biyolojik ya da toplumsal stat&amp;uuml; değişimlerini değil, aynı zamanda din&amp;icirc; kimlikteki ve cemaat aidiyetindeki derin d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mleri de simgeler. Yahudi geleneğinde her bir ge&amp;ccedil;iş, belirli din&amp;icirc; kurallar ve sembolik uygulamalarla net bir şekilde sınırlandırılmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Yahudi rit&amp;uuml;ellerinin Van Gennep&amp;rsquo;in ge&amp;ccedil;iş evreleriyle g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bi&amp;ccedil;imde nasıl &amp;ouml;rt&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; sorgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, bu rit&amp;uuml;eller yalnızca bireyi hayattaki kritik eşiklerden ge&amp;ccedil;irerek d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;rmekle kalmaz; aynı zamanda Yahudi cemaatinin kolektif kimliğini, s&amp;uuml;rekliliğini, toplumsallaşma dinamiklerini ve b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; de rit&amp;uuml;el d&amp;uuml;zlem ekseninde pekiştirir. B&amp;ouml;ylece Yahudi ge&amp;ccedil;iş rit&amp;uuml;elleri, bireysel d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m kadar sosyo-din&amp;icirc; yapılanmanın da temel ara&amp;ccedil;ları olarak işlev g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;r.&lt;span class="Apple-converted-space"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;French folklorist Arnold van Gennep, in his seminal 1909 work Les Rites de Passage, defines rites of passage -representing transitional thresholds- as symbolic structures that construct the process through which individuals move from one social or religious status to another. He explains this process through three successive stages: separation (detachment from a previous identity), transition or liminality (a period of ambiguity and transformation), and incorporation (integration into a new status or community). Van Gennep&amp;rsquo;s tripartite model offers a comprehensive theoretical framework not only for analyzing individual transformations but also for understanding broader social and cultural processes of change. Jewish life cycle rituals -Brit Milah (circumcision), Bar/Bat Mitzvah, marriage, and funerary ceremonies- serve as archetypal examples of such rites of passage. These rituals symbolize not only changes in biological age or social roles but also deeper transformations in religious identity and communal belonging. Within Jewish tradition, each transitional stage is clearly delineated by specific religious laws and symbolic practices. This study explores the extent to which Jewish rituals align with Van Gennep&amp;rsquo;s stages of passage. Furthermore, it argues that these rituals not only guide individuals through life&amp;rsquo;s critical thresholds but also reinforce the collective identity, continuity, socialization dynamics, and cohesion of the Jewish community. Thus, Jewish rites of passage function as fundamental mechanisms for both individual transformation and socio-religious structuring.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82953</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[249-266]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/96</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Seyyid Ali Hemedânî’nin Silsilenâmesi:  Risale-i Silsile-i Evliyâ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Spiritual Genealogy of Sayyid Ali Hamadani: Treatise on the Chain of Saints']]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdülrakip ARSLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf, Seyyid Ali Hemedânî, Risale-i Silsile-i Evliyâ, Kübreviyye Tarikatı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sufism, Seyyid Ali Hamedânî, Risāla-yi Silsilat al-Awliyāʾ, Kubrawiyya Order.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, K&amp;uuml;brev&amp;icirc;yye meş&amp;acirc;yihinden Seyyid Ali Hemed&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;ye nispet edilen ve S&amp;uuml;leymaniye K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phanesi Şehid Ali Paşa Koleksiyonu&amp;rsquo;nda (No: 2794) kayıtlı bulunan yazma bir silsilen&amp;acirc;me risalesini konu edinmektedir. Hacim olarak m&amp;uuml;tevazı nitelikte olan bu tasavvuf&amp;icirc; risalede, silsileye ge&amp;ccedil;ilmeden &amp;ouml;nce s&amp;acirc;like y&amp;ouml;nelik birtakım ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; ve manev&amp;icirc; &amp;ouml;ğ&amp;uuml;tlere yer verilmekte; ardından Seyyid Ali Hemed&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;ye ulaşan manev&amp;icirc; silsile sıralanmaktadır. Silsile &amp;ouml;ncesi b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mde, tasavvuf&amp;icirc; hayatın temel esasları arasında yer alan z&amp;uuml;hd, cehd, tevekk&amp;uuml;l, sabır, rız&amp;acirc;, yakaza ve f&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;vvet gibi kavramların &amp;ouml;nemi vurgulanmakta; haram ve bid&amp;lsquo;atlardan sakınmanın gerekliliği ifade edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, kişinin nefsini arındırması (tasfiye) ve g&amp;uuml;zel ahl&amp;acirc;kla donanması (tahall&amp;icirc;) i&amp;ccedil;in dikkat etmesi gereken ilkeler vasiyet tarzında sunulmuştur. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle risale, yalnızca bir silsilen&amp;acirc;me değil, aynı zamanda s&amp;acirc;likin manev&amp;icirc; terbiyesi i&amp;ccedil;in kaleme alınmış bir ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; nasihat metnidir. Eserin devamında, Seyyid Ali Hemed&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin bağlı bulunduğu manev&amp;icirc; silsile sırasıyla aktarılmış ve bu zincir, Hz. Ali vasıtasıyla Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e (sallall&amp;acirc;hu aleyhi ve sellem) ulaştırılmıştır. Risalenin yazarı, telif tarihi ve yazım yeri hakkında herhangi bir bilgi bulunmamaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;This study examines a manuscript treatise on spiritual lineage (silsilan&amp;acirc;me) attributed to Seyyid Ali Hamed&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;, one of the masters of the Kubrawiyya order, preserved in the Şehid Ali Paşa Collection of the S&amp;uuml;leymaniye Library (Old Registry No: 2794). Modest in length, this Sufi treatise begins with a series of moral and spiritual admonitions addressed to the spiritual aspirant (s&amp;acirc;lik) prior to presenting the lineage itself. In this introductory section, the significance of key concepts such as zuhd (asceticism), cehd (spiritual struggle), tevekk&amp;uuml;l (trust in God), sabr (patience), rız&amp;acirc; (contentment), yakaza (spiritual wakefulness), and futuwwa (chivalry) is emphasized. Moreover, the necessity of avoiding religiously prohibited actions (haram) and innovations (bid&amp;lsquo;a) is underlined. Within this framework, the principles required for purification of the self (tasfiya) and the acquisition of virtuous character traits (taḥallī) are conveyed in the form of ethical counsel. In this regard, the treatise functions not only as a spiritual genealogy but also as a manual of moral guidance composed for the spiritual refinement of the aspirant. In the latter part of the work, the spiritual chain to which Seyyid Ali Hamed&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; belongs is presented in sequence, ultimately tracing back to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib. The treatise contains no information regarding its author, date of composition, or place of writing.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82936</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[755-774]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/97</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Teşrî Kavramı Parlamentoların Faaliyetleri İçin Kullanılabilir mi? (Manastırlı İsmail Hakkı Bey ve Mustafa Sabri Efendi’nin Tartışmalarına Zeyl)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Can the Concept of Teşrî be Used for the Activities of Parliaments? (An Analysis in the Context of the Debates of Manastırlı İsmail Hakkı Bey and Mustafa Sabri Efendi)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nizamettin KARATAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Anahtar Kelimeler: Teşrî, Yasama, Kanun, Parlamento, Mustafa Sabri Efendi, İsmail Hakkı Bey]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Keywords: Teşrî, Legislation, Law, Parliament, Mustafa Sabri Efendi, İsmail Hakkı Bey]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;z: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;Toplumsal d&amp;uuml;zeni sağlayan hukuk kurallarının kanun formunda yazılıp y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;ğe girmesi devletin temel kurumlarından yasama meclisleri vasıtasıyla yapılmakta ve bu faaliyete de yasama faaliyeti denmektedir. Modern &amp;ouml;ncesi İslam toplumlarında yasama meclisleri gibi resmi bir kurum olmadığı i&amp;ccedil;in toplumsal d&amp;uuml;zeni sağlamak i&amp;ccedil;in vaz edilen hukuk kuralları kanunnameler ve fakihlerin ictihad ve fetvaları vasıtası ile yapılmıştır. Klasik fıkıh literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nde fakihlerin fıkhi/hukuki &amp;ccedil;alışmalarına teşr&amp;icirc; değil ictihad, fetva, tercih ve tahric gibi farklı isimler verilmiştir. Osmanlının son d&amp;ouml;nem &amp;acirc;limlerinden Manastırlı İsmail Hakkı Bey &amp;Acirc;yan Meclisi&amp;rsquo;nin faaliyetlerine teşr&amp;icirc; faaliyeti demiştir. Bunun &amp;uuml;zerine d&amp;ouml;nemin Şeyh&amp;uuml;lislamı Mustafa Sabri Efendi bu kullanıma itiraz etmiştir. Her iki alim de tartışmalarını Bey&amp;acirc;n&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l Hak dergisi &amp;uuml;zerinden yapmışlardır. Manastırlı İsmail Hakkı Bey teşr&amp;icirc; kelimesinin &amp;Acirc;yan Meclisi&amp;rsquo;nin faaliyetleri i&amp;ccedil;in kullanılmasında bir mahsur olmadığı kanaatini, bu kelimenin ve aynı k&amp;ouml;kten t&amp;uuml;reyen diğer kelimelerin Arap&amp;ccedil;a l&amp;uuml;gatlerdeki manalarından yola &amp;ccedil;ıkarak temellendirmektedir. Mustafa Sabri Efendi ise kelimelerin delaletinin insanların istek ve iradelerinden bağımsız olduğunu ileri s&amp;uuml;rm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Kanun koyma faaliyeti anlamına gelen teşr&amp;icirc; kelimesinin şeriat tesisi manasını da ihtiva etmesinden dolayı bu kelimenin parlamento faaliyetleri i&amp;ccedil;in kullanımını doğru bulunmamıştır.&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt; Modern parlamentoların yasama faaliyetleri ile İslam hukukundaki teşr&amp;icirc;in temel paradigmaları bakımından farklı olduğu d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Teşr&amp;icirc;, İslam hukukunda sadece Ş&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;ye ait bir yetki olarak kabul edilmekte, fakihlerin veya M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man devlet başkanının yasama ile ilgili tasarrufları sınırlı ve bağlı bir &amp;ouml;zellik arz etmektedir. Oysa modern parlamentoların faaliyetleri bu kayıtlarla sınırlı olmadığı gibi genellikle sek&amp;uuml;ler ve laik bir yapıya sahiptir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;bst&lt;span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;t: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk197355796"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;The writing and enactment of legal rules that ensure social order in the form of laws is carried out through legislative assemblies, which are among the basic institutions of the state, and this activity is called legislative activity. Since there was no official institution such as legislative assemblies in pre-modern Islamic societies, the rules of law enacted to ensure social order were made through legal codes and the jurisprudence and fatwas of jurists. In the classical fiqh literature, the fiqh/legal works of the jurists were given different names such as ijtihad, fatwa, preference and tahric, not teşr&amp;icirc;. Manastırlı İsmail Hakkı Bey, one of the scholars of the last period of the Ottoman Empire, called the activities of the Assembly of &amp;Acirc;yan as teşri' activities. Upon this, Mustafa Sabri Efendi, the Shaykhulislam of the period, objected to this usage. Both scholars made their arguments through the magazine Bey&amp;acirc;n&amp;uuml;'l Hak. Manastirlı İsmail Hakkı Bey justifies his opinion that there is no problem in using the word teşri' for the activities of the Assembly of Āyan based on the meanings of this word and other words derived from the same root in Arabic dictionaries. Mustafa Sabri Efendi, on the other hand, argued that the meaning of words is independent of people's wishes and wills. He did not find it right to use the word teşri', which means law-making activity, for parliamentary activities since it also contains the meaning of establishing the Sharia. It is thought that the legislative activities of modern parliaments are different from the basic paradigms of legislation in Islamic law. Legislation is accepted as an authority that belongs only to the Shari'ah in Islamic law, and the legislative actions of the jurists or the Muslim head of state are limited and dependent. However, the activities of modern parliaments are not limited to these records and generally have a secular and laic structure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk197355796;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk197355796;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82764</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1189-1209]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/98</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur’an Kursu Mezunlarının Din Eğitimi Süreçleri Hakkındaki Görüşleri: Kestanepazarı Kur’an Kursu Mezunları Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Opinions of Quran Course Graduates on Religious Education Processes: The Case of Kestanepazarı Quran Course Graduates]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Akif SAVAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din eğitimi, Kur’an kursu, hafızlık eğitimi, Kestanepazarı Kur’an Kursu, mezun görüşleri]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious education, Quran course, memorization education, Kestanepazarı Quran Course, graduate perspectives]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Kestanepazarı Kur&amp;rsquo;an Kursu mezunlarının eğitim-&amp;ouml;ğretim s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerine ilişkin deneyimlerini ve din eğitimiyle ilgili algılarını nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle incelemeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Araştırmada, mezunların sosyo-demografik &amp;ouml;zellikleri, eğitici nitelikleri, ders i&amp;ccedil;erikleri, mesleki y&amp;ouml;nelimleri ve y&amp;uuml;ksek&amp;ouml;ğrenim s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerine ilişkin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri analiz edilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma grubu, farklı d&amp;ouml;nemlerde Kestanepazarı Kur&amp;rsquo;an Kursu'nda hafızlık ya da Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;ı Kerim&amp;rsquo;i y&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;nden okuma eğitimi almış mezunlardan kartopu &amp;ouml;rnekleme y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şmeler formuyla toplanmıştır. Daha sonra veriler, i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi tekniği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Kestanepazarı Kur&amp;rsquo;an Kursu, geleneksel İslam eğitim geleneğinin bir temsilcisi olarak adını yanı başındaki Kestanepazarı Camii&amp;rsquo;nden almıştır. Osmanlı D&amp;ouml;nemi&amp;rsquo;nde y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;len eğitim &amp;ouml;ğretim faaliyetleri hakkında kesin bilgiler bulunmamakla birlikte caminin kuruluşu ile birlikte burada Kur&amp;rsquo;an ve hafızlık eğitimi yapıldığına dair bilgiler mevcuttur. T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de din eğitimi ve &amp;ouml;ğretimi alanında yaşanan gelişmeler &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde, farklı yaş gruplarındaki &amp;ouml;ğrencilere y&amp;ouml;nelik Kur&amp;rsquo;an ve hafızlık eğitimi faaliyetleri halen devam etmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, mezunların b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k oranda d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;k ve orta gelir d&amp;uuml;zeyine sahip ailelerden geldiğini; eğitim s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde Kur&amp;rsquo;an eğitimiyle birlikte İslami ilimler alanında da sistematik bir bilgi birikimi edindiklerini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Kursun pedagojik yapısı, başarı odaklı değerlendirme sistemi ve disiplin anlayışı ile &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır. Mezunların y&amp;uuml;ksek&amp;ouml;ğretim y&amp;ouml;nelimi a&amp;ccedil;ısından burada alınan eğitimin &amp;ouml;zellikle ilahiyat fak&amp;uuml;ltelerine hazırlayıcı bir işlev &amp;uuml;stlendiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Bununla birlikte, mezunların bir kısmı kursun gruplama sistemine dayalı eğitim modelini, bireysel farklılıkları g&amp;ouml;zetmemesi nedeniyle eleştirmiştir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, Kestanepazarı Kur&amp;rsquo;an Kursu'nun sunduğu din eğitimi modeli, hem akademik hem mesleki y&amp;ouml;nelimlerde belirleyici rol oynayan &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu bir &amp;ouml;zellik arz etmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, hafızlık ve Kur&amp;rsquo;an eğitimine y&amp;ouml;nelik din eğitimi modellerinin geliştirilmesinde ve benzer kurumların eğitim modellerinin iyileştirilmesinde yararlanılabilecek nitelikte &amp;ouml;nemli ipu&amp;ccedil;ları sunmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study aims to examine the experiences of graduates of the Kestanepazarı Qur'an Course regarding their educational processes and their perceptions of religious education through a qualitative research method. The study analyzes the graduates&amp;rsquo; socio-demographic characteristics, educator qualifications, course content, professional orientations, and views on higher education processes. The study group was determined through the snowball sampling method, consisting of individuals who received memorization (ḥifz) or Qur'anic recitation education at the Kestanepazarı Qur'an Course during different periods. Data were collected through semi-structured interview forms and subsequently analyzed using content analysis techniques.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Kestanepazarı Qur'an Course derives its name from the adjacent Kestanepazarı Mosque and stands as a representative of the traditional Islamic education heritage. Although precise information about the educational activities conducted during the Ottoman period is lacking, there is evidence indicating that Qur&amp;rsquo;anic and memorization education were provided alongside the mosque since its establishment. In line with developments in religious education and instruction in Turkey, Qur'an and memorization education for various age groups continue to be offered at the institution. Findings from the study reveal that most of the graduates come from low to middle-income families and have acquired a systematic body of knowledge in Islamic sciences alongside Qur&amp;rsquo;anic education. The course is distinguished by its pedagogical structure, achievement-oriented assessment system, and disciplinary framework. Regarding the graduates&amp;rsquo; orientation towards higher education, the training received at the course appears to have played a preparatory role, particularly for faculties of theology. However, some graduates criticized the grouping-based education model for not considering individual differences. In conclusion, the religious education model offered by the Kestanepazarı Qur'an Course possesses multidimensional characteristics that play a decisive role in shaping both academic and professional pathways. The findings provide valuable insights for improving religious education models, especially those focused on Qur&amp;rsquo;an memorization and instruction, and can be utilized in enhancing the educational frameworks of similar institutions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82667</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2233-2251]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/99</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ Usûlî’nin Kaleminden İbrahim Gülşenî Mersiyesi Üzerine]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[On İbrahim Gülşeni Elegy From Usûlî's Pen]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nilüfer KARADAVUT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Usulî, Gülşenîlik, Şeyh İbrahim Gülşenî, mersiye, üslûp]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Usûlî, Gülşenî order, Sheikh İbrâhim Gülşenî, elegy, style]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;l&amp;uuml;m, insanın doğduğu andan itibaren bildiği ve değiştiremediği tek ger&amp;ccedil;ektir. En ilkel toplumlardan en gelişmiş toplumlara kadar insanlar sevin&amp;ccedil;lerini, mutluluklarını &amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;nt&amp;uuml;lerini hatta &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m karşısında duydukları acı ve h&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;nleri &amp;ccedil;eşitli g&amp;ouml;sterilerle, şiirlerle, m&amp;uuml;zikle ifade ederek zengin k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel &amp;ouml;ğelere d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;rm&amp;uuml;şlerdir. &amp;Ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n edeb&amp;icirc; eserlerdeki ifadesi sagu, mersiye, ağıt ya da tazarru olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;r. Arap&amp;ccedil;a res&amp;acirc; k&amp;ouml;k&amp;uuml;nden gelen ve temel ifadesiyle &amp;ouml;lenin iyiliklerini sayıp d&amp;ouml;kmek anlamına gelen mersiye, edeb&amp;icirc; bir terim olarak &amp;ouml;len birinin ardından duyulan &amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;nt&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml; dile getirmek, o kişinin iyiliklerini anlatmak i&amp;ccedil;in s&amp;ouml;ylenen şiirlere denir. Mersiye t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n klasik T&amp;uuml;rk şiirinde pek &amp;ccedil;ok &amp;ouml;rneği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. 16. y&amp;uuml;zyılın &amp;ouml;nemli şairlerinden biri olan Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin vefat eden şeyhi İbrahim G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc; i&amp;ccedil;in s&amp;ouml;ylediği mersiye, bu t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n karakteristik &amp;ouml;rneklerinden biridir. Vardar Yenicesi'nde d&amp;uuml;nyaya gelen Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc;, &amp;ouml;ğrenimi tamamladıktan sonra Mısır&amp;rsquo;a gider ve burada Halvet&amp;icirc; şeyhi İbr&amp;acirc;him G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc;'ye bağlanır. Şeyhinin vefatının ardından Vardar Yenicesi'ne geri d&amp;ouml;nen Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc;, Rumeli&amp;rsquo;de G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc;liği yayar. Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc;, eserlerinde sıklıkla Şeyh İbr&amp;acirc;him G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc;'ye duyduğu derin muhabbet ve bağlılığı dile getirir. Şeyhinin vefatından duyduğu &amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;nt&amp;uuml; ile bir de mersiye kaleme alır. &amp;ldquo;Mersiye-i Merh&amp;ucirc;m u Magf&amp;ucirc;r Şeyh G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc;&amp;rdquo; başlığını taşıyan mersiye terkib-i bend nazım şekliyle yazılmış olup iki bendden meydana gelmektedir. Bu mersiye, Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc;'nin Şeyh İbr&amp;acirc;him G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc;'ye olan sadakatinin ve ona duyduğu sevginin edebi bir tezah&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; olarak dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekmektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin Şeyh İbrahim G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc; i&amp;ccedil;in yazdığı mersiyenin bi&amp;ccedil;im ve muhtevası değerlendirilecektir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Death is the only truth known and unchangeable for humans from the moment they are born. From the most primitive societies to the most advanced ones, people have transformed their joys, happiness, sorrows, and even the pain and grief they feel in the face of death into rich cultural elements through various performances, poems, and music. The expression of death in literary works appears as sagu, mersiye (elegy), ağıt (lament), or tazarru (supplication). The term mersiye, derived from the Arabic root res&amp;acirc; and meaning to enumerate the virtues of the deceased is a literary term referring to poems expressing grief after someone&amp;rsquo;s death and praising that person's goodness. There are many examples of this genre in classical Turkish poetry. One of the characteristic examples of the genre is the elegy written by Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc;, a prominent poet of the 16th century, for his deceased sheikh İbrahim G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc;. Born in Vardar Yenicesi, Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc; went to Egypt after completing his education and became a disciple of the Halvet&amp;icirc; sheikh İbr&amp;acirc;him G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc;. After the death of his sheikh, he returned to Vardar Yenicesi and spread the G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc; order in Rumelia. Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc; frequently expressed his deep affection and devotion to Sheikh İbr&amp;acirc;him G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc; in his works. He also composed an elegy expressing his sorrow over the sheikh&amp;rsquo;s passing. The elegy, titled &amp;ldquo;Mersiye-i Merh&amp;ucirc;m u Magf&amp;ucirc;r Şeyh G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc;,&amp;rdquo; is written in the terkib-i bend verse form and consists of two stanzas. This elegy stands out as a literary manifestation of Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s loyalty and love for Sheikh İbr&amp;acirc;him G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc;. In light of this information, this study evaluates the form and content of the elegy written by Us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;icirc; for Sheikh İbr&amp;acirc;him G&amp;uuml;lşen&amp;icirc;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82649</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1175-1188]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/100</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Richard Swinburne ve Dinî Çoğulculuk]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Richard Swinburne and Religious Pluralism]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Faik AYTEMİZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Faruk KARACA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tanrı, din, inanç, teizm, çeşitlilik.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[God, religion, faith, theism, diversity]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 1.25pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Dinlerin; hakikat iddiaları, pratik rit&amp;uuml;elleri ve değerleri bakımından ger&amp;ccedil;ek farklılıklara sahip olduğunu ve s&amp;ouml;z konusu farklılıkların y&amp;uuml;zeyselliklerle sınırlı bulunmadığını m&amp;uuml;şahede etmekteyiz. Din&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;eşitlilik/&amp;ccedil;oğulculuk din felsefesinin ana konularından biridir. Din&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;oğulculuğa g&amp;ouml;re, b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k din&amp;icirc; geleneklerdeki başlıca tapınma objeleri arasındaki derin farklılıklar, b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de, tek bir aşkın ger&amp;ccedil;ekliğin insan yaşamında tecr&amp;uuml;be edilme ve kavranma bi&amp;ccedil;imlerinin farklı olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. G&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde yapılan din&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;oğulculuk tartışmaları daha &amp;ccedil;ok, John Hick&amp;rsquo;in d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nceleri etrafında d&amp;ouml;nmektedir. Richard Swinburne, eski bir iddia olan ancak yakın zamanda Hick tarafından yeniden canlandırılan, b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k dinler tarafından &amp;ouml;v&amp;uuml;len yaşam bi&amp;ccedil;imlerinin eşit ahlaki değere sahip olduğu ve bu dinlerin inan&amp;ccedil;larının en iyi şekilde aynı ebedi hakikatin farklı mitlerin yardımıyla ifade edilmesi olarak anlaşıldığı iddiası &amp;uuml;zerine odaklanmaktadır. Swinburne&amp;rsquo;&amp;uuml;n dini soruşturmaya ve dolayısıyla din&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;eşitliliğe yaklaşımı, bir din&amp;icirc; inancın ideal olarak yeterli araştırma ve nesnel olarak doğru t&amp;uuml;mevarım kriterlerinin sonucu olması gerektiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nden doğmakta, o, b&amp;ouml;yle bir inanca &amp;ldquo;rasyonel&amp;rdquo; bir inan&amp;ccedil; demektedir. Swinburne, Hıristiyan vahyinin muhtemelen doğru olduğuna, herhangi bir dinin doğru olduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermenin yolunun pozitif arg&amp;uuml;manlarla ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştiğine ve Hristiyanlığın pozitif bir arg&amp;uuml;man verdiğine inandığını ifade etmekte ve dolayısıyla diğer rakip dinleri ayrıntılı olarak inceleme ihtiyacı hissetmediğini belirtmektedir. O, hak bir dinin neye benzediğine dair&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;a priori&lt;/em&gt; beklentileri olduğunu ve bunların yalnızca Hıristiyanlık tarafından karşılandığını d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nmektedir. Ona g&amp;ouml;re, t&amp;uuml;m dinler kurtuluşu teşvik eder ancak onun belirli bir dine (yani Hıristiyanlığa) olan inancı başka herhangi bir dini genel olarak dışlayarak savunduğunu, genelde &amp;ldquo;aynı ebedi Hakikat&amp;rdquo;a vurgu yapmakla birlikte, &amp;ouml;zelde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk198660135;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk198660135;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Hristiyanlığı &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkardığını, &amp;ldquo;Nih&amp;acirc;i Hakikat&amp;rdquo; ile olan temasın Hristiyanlıkta daha yakından, daha rasyonel ve daha kapsamlı bulduğunu s&amp;ouml;ylemek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. G&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z din felsefesinin Plantinga ile birlikte en &amp;ouml;nemli temsilcisi sayılan, rasyonel teizmin ve delilci teizmin savunucularından Richard Swinburne&amp;rsquo;&amp;uuml;n d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinde din&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;eşitlik / din&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;oğulculuk anlayışın ele alındığı bu makalede, Swinburne&amp;rsquo;&amp;uuml;n probleme yaklaşımı, din&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;oğulculuk anlayışının ana unsurları ve dayandığı epistemolojik ilkeler tespit edilip değerlendirilmeye &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 1.25pt; tab-stops: 63.0pt; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Religions have real differences in truth claims, practical rituals and values, and these differences are not limited to superficialities. According to religious pluralism, the profound differences between the main objects of worship in the major religious traditions are largely due to the different ways in which a single transcendent reality is experienced and apprehended in human life. Richard Swinburne focuses on the old claim, recently revived by Hick, that the ways of life praised by the great religions are of equal moral value and that their beliefs are best understood as expressions of the same eternal truth through different myths. Swinburne's approach to religious inquiry, and hence to religious diversity, arises from his view that a religious belief should ideally be the result of adequate inquiry and objectively correct inductive criteria. Swinburne states that he believes that Christian revelation is probably true, that the way to show that any religion is true is by positive argument, and that Christianity gives a positive argument. He thinks that there are a priori expectations of what a true religion looks like, and that only Christianity fulfills them. According to him, all religions promote salvation, but it can be said that he defends Christianity to the general exclusion of any other religion, that while he emphasizes &amp;ldquo;the same eternal Truth&amp;rdquo; in general, he emphasizes Christianity in particular, and that he finds the contact with &amp;ldquo;Ultimate Truth&amp;rdquo; closer, more rational and more comprehensive in Christianity. In this article, in which the understanding of religious diversity/religious pluralism in the thought of Richard Swinburne, perhaps the most important representative of contemporary philosophy of religion, is discussed, Swinburne's approach to the problem, the main elements of his understanding of religious pluralism and the epistemological principles on which it is based are identified and evaluated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82616</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1749-1780]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/101</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Osmanlı Toplumunda Avârız Vakıfları ve İşlevi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Avârız Foundatıons and Theır Functıons in Ottoman Socıety]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nasi ASLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukuku, Osmanlı, Avarız Vakıfları, Para Vakıfları, Yardımlaşma]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Law, Ottoman Empire, Avârız Foundations, Cash Waqfs, Social Solidarity.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;İslam medeniyetinin en k&amp;ouml;kl&amp;uuml; sosyal kurumlarından biri olan vakıf, zaman i&amp;ccedil;erisinde yalnızca din&amp;icirc; hizmetlerin y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lmesiyle sınırlı kalmamış, aynı zamanda toplumun ekonomik ve sosyal ihtiya&amp;ccedil;larına &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;m &amp;uuml;reten bir sistem h&amp;acirc;line gelmiştir. Bu sistemin Osmanlı toplumunda ulaştığı zirve noktalardan biri de sosyal yardımlaşmayı kurumsallaştıran ve kolektif sorumluluğu esas alan av&amp;acirc;rız vakıflarıdır. Bu vakıflar, &amp;ouml;zellikle savaş d&amp;ouml;nemlerinde halktan toplanan tek&amp;acirc;l&amp;icirc;f-i &amp;ouml;rfiyye t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; vergilerin (av&amp;acirc;rız ak&amp;ccedil;esi) &amp;ouml;denmesinde zorluk yaşayan dar gelirli mahalle ve k&amp;ouml;y halkına destek sağlamak amacıyla kurulmuştur. Ancak zamanla yalnızca vergi yardımıyla sınırlı kalmayan bu kurumlar, yangın, sel, deprem gibi afet durumlarında ya da olağan&amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml; sosyal buhranlar karşısında dayanışma sağlayan &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; birer sosyal g&amp;uuml;venlik mekanizmasına d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Av&amp;acirc;rız vakıflarının &amp;ouml;nemli bir kısmı nakd&amp;icirc; sermaye &amp;uuml;zerinden yapılandırılmıştır. Bu vakıflarda sermayenin korunması ve artırılması amacıyla kredi uygulamalarına başvurulmuş; kredi verirken kefalet, rehin ve teminat şartlarına riayet edilmiştir. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle vakıflar, hem tefecilik gibi s&amp;ouml;m&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; mekanizmalarının &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; kesmiş, hem de esnaf ve zanaatk&amp;acirc;rların ekonomik faaliyetlerini destekleyerek mikro &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;ekte bir finansal adalet mekanizması oluşturmuştur. Tarih&amp;icirc; olarak bu kurumların menşei, Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in hav&amp;acirc;it-i sebʿa olarak bilinen hurmalıklarını, ani savunma ihtiya&amp;ccedil;larını karşılamak i&amp;ccedil;in ayırması d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesine kadar g&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lebilir. Bu bağlamda, av&amp;acirc;rız vakıfları hem İslam&amp;rsquo;ın dayanışma ilkelerine dayanan tarihsel k&amp;ouml;kleri, hem de Osmanlı uygulamalarıyla modern sosyal sigorta sistemlerine benzerliği a&amp;ccedil;ısından dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekici bir &amp;ouml;rneklik sunmaktadır. G&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde sosyal yardım, mikrofinans ve yerel dayanışma ağları &amp;uuml;zerine yapılan &amp;ccedil;alışmalar a&amp;ccedil;ısından bu vakıfların yeniden incelenmesi hem teorik hem de uygulamalı anlamda &amp;ouml;nemli katkılar sunabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;One of the most deeply rooted social institutions of Islamic civilization, the waqf (endowment), has over time evolved beyond the provision of merely religious services, becoming a system that addresses the economic and social needs of society. In the Ottoman context, this institutional structure reached its peak with the emergence of av&amp;acirc;rız foundations, which institutionalized social solidarity and embraced collective responsibility. These foundations were initially established to assist low-income residents of neighborhoods and villages in paying tek&amp;acirc;l&amp;icirc;f-i &amp;ouml;rfiyye&amp;mdash;extraordinary taxes (known as av&amp;acirc;rız ak&amp;ccedil;esi) collected especially during times of war. However, over time, these foundations expanded their role beyond tax assistance and became versatile mechanisms of social protection, offering aid during natural disasters such as fires, floods, and earthquakes, as well as during extraordinary social crises. A significant portion of the av&amp;acirc;rız foundations were structured as cash endowments. In order to preserve and increase their capital, they provided credit under strict conditions, including the requirements of guarantorship, collateral, and security. In this respect, they not only blocked exploitative mechanisms such as usury but also supported artisans and tradespeople, thereby creating a micro-level system of financial justice. Historically, the origins of these institutions can be traced back to the Prophet Muhammad&amp;rsquo;s allocation of the so-called hawāit al-sabʿa (seven orchards) for unexpected defense needs. In this regard, av&amp;acirc;rız foundations present a compelling model that reflects both the Islamic tradition of solidarity and the Ottoman implementation of an early form of social insurance. Revisiting these foundations within the context of contemporary discussions on social assistance, microfinance, and local solidarity networks can offer both theoretical insights and practical contributions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82613</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[797-810]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/102</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Müslüman Anaerkil Minangkabau Toplumunda Kadın-Erkek Rolleri ve Aile Yapısı Üzerine Bir İnceleme  -Gelenekten Moderniteye-]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Study on Male-Female Roles and Family Structure in Muslim Matriarchal Minangkabau Society -From Tradition to Modernity- ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ülfet GÖRGÜLÜ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Zekiye DEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Minangkabau, Anasoylu, Evlilik, Âdât, Modernleşme, Göç.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Minangkabau, Matrilineal, Marriage, Custom, Modernization, Migration.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Endonezya&amp;rsquo;nın Batı Sumatra b&amp;ouml;lgesinde yaşamakta olan M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man Minangkabau toplumu d&amp;uuml;nyanın en b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k anasoylu etnisitesi olmasıyla dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekmektedir. Bu sistemde kadınlar miras ve soyun devamında merkezi bir rol oynarken, erkekler anne tarafından ailelerine bağlı olarak sosyal ve ekonomik katkıda bulunur. Aile yapısı, kadınların m&amp;uuml;lkiyet ve sosyal sorumluluklarda &amp;ouml;n planda olduğu bir d&amp;uuml;zen sunar. Ancak modernleşme, eğitim, g&amp;ouml;&amp;ccedil;, değişen toplumsal değerler gibi bileşenler Minangkabauların geleneksel aile yapısında &amp;ouml;nemli d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mler yaratmıştır. Bunun bir sonucu olarak &amp;ccedil;ekirdek ailelerin &amp;ouml;nemi artarken, geniş aile ve klan dayanışması eskiye oranla zayıflamıştır. Bu araştırmanın konusunu modern zamanlarda geleneksel anaerkil yapılarındaki değişimle birlikte Minangkabauların kadın-erkek rollerine bakışı ve aile yapılarının incelenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda &amp;ccedil;alışmada nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi dok&amp;uuml;man inceleme tekniği kullanılarak, anaerkil sistemin ne olduğu, kadın ve erkek rollerini nasıl şekillendirdiği, evlilik, m&amp;uuml;lkiyet ve miras konularında kadın ve erkekler arasındaki g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; dinamikleri, modernleşme ve g&amp;ouml;&amp;ccedil; s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinin geleneksel aile yapısı &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisi Minangkabaular &amp;ouml;zelinde ele alınmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The Minangkabau people, a Muslim ethnic group residing in Indonesia&amp;rsquo;s West Sumatra region, are noteworthy for constituting the world&amp;rsquo;s largest matrilineal society. Within this system, women play a central role in inheritance and lineage, while men contribute socially and economically through their maternal kinship ties. However, factors such as modernization, education, migration, and shifting societal values have led to significant transformations in the traditional Minangkabau family structure. As a result, the prominence of the nuclear family has increased, while the solidarity of extended families and clan-based affiliations has relatively diminished. This study focuses on examining Minangkabau perceptions of gender relations and family structures in the context of changes within their traditional matrilineal system in modern times. The study examines what the matriarchal system is, how it shapes the roles of women and men, the power dynamics between women and men in matters of marriage, property and inheritance, and the impact of modernisation and migration processes on the traditional family structure, specifically in the Minangkabau community&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82609</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1039-1056]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/103</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Türk Din Musikîsi Formu Olarak Rifâî Âyini]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Rifai Rite as a Form of Turkish Religious Music]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Meriç DÜZBAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Türk Musikîsi, Türk Din Musikîsi, Rifâî Âyini, Rifâîlik, Âyin]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Turkish Music, Turkish Religious Music, Rifai Rite, Rifaiy, Rite]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;T&amp;uuml;rk din m&amp;ucirc;sik&amp;icirc;si formlarının c&amp;acirc;mi m&amp;ucirc;sik&amp;icirc;si ve tekke m&amp;ucirc;sik&amp;icirc;si olmak &amp;uuml;zere iki ana başlık altında incelendiği bilinmektedir. C&amp;acirc;mi m&amp;ucirc;sik&amp;icirc;si, herhangi bir &amp;ccedil;algı kullanılmaksızın yalnızca insan sesiyle icr&amp;acirc; edilen geleneksel formları i&amp;ccedil;inde barındırırken tekke m&amp;ucirc;sik&amp;icirc;si, c&amp;acirc;mi m&amp;ucirc;sik&amp;icirc;si formlarının yanı sıra zikir ve raksla beraber icr&amp;acirc; edilmek suretiyle kullanılan bazı formları da b&amp;uuml;nyesinde barındırır. Tekke musikisi formları i&amp;ccedil;inde &amp;acirc;yin formu literat&amp;uuml;rde yalnızca Mevlev&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yini ile &amp;ouml;zdeşleştirilmiştir. Oysa Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;lik, Sa&amp;lsquo;d&amp;icirc;lik, Kadir&amp;icirc;lik ve Bedev&amp;icirc;lik gibi &amp;ouml;zellikle kıy&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; us&amp;ucirc;lde &amp;acirc;yin icr&amp;acirc; eden tar&amp;icirc;katların da kendine &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n &amp;acirc;yin yapıları bulunmaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın odağını oluşturan Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yini, kıy&amp;acirc;m kelime-i tevh&amp;icirc;di, kıy&amp;acirc;m ism-i cel&amp;acirc;li ve devr&amp;acirc;n gibi temel zikir, raks ve musiki r&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;nlerinin yanında Beyy&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc;, demdeme, Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; g&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml; ve dalga tevhidi gibi &amp;ouml;zel zikir ve raks r&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;nlerinden oluşmakta ve musik&amp;icirc;sine eşlik eden ney, reb&amp;acirc;b, mazhar ve bendir gibi &amp;ccedil;algıların da kullanılması ile koreografik ve estetik a&amp;ccedil;ıdan zengin bir icr&amp;acirc; bi&amp;ccedil;imi sunmaktadır. Daha &amp;ouml;nce Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yini hakkında bazı &amp;ccedil;alışmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak bu &amp;ccedil;alışmaların tamamı kısıtlı &amp;ouml;rneklemlerde yapılmış &amp;ccedil;alışmalar olduğundan genel hakkında bu &amp;ccedil;alışmalar &amp;uuml;zerinden bilimsel bir yargıya varmak m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n olamamaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada T&amp;uuml;rk din musikisi formları i&amp;ccedil;inde bulunmayan Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yini lit&amp;uuml;rjik olarak ele alınmıştır. Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yininin zikir, raks ve musik&amp;icirc; r&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;nleri belirlenmeye &amp;ccedil;alışılmış, kıy&amp;acirc;m kelime-i tevh&amp;icirc;di, kıy&amp;acirc;m ism-i cel&amp;acirc;li ve devr&amp;acirc;n b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mleri i&amp;ccedil;in daha anlaşılabilir olması adına bir kılavuz bi&amp;ccedil;iminde tasarlanan şemalar oluşturulmuştur. B&amp;ouml;ylelikle yazılı kaynaklarda konuya y&amp;ouml;nelik eksik bilginin tamamlanması hedeflenmiştir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yininin de tıpkı Mevlevi &amp;acirc;yini gibi m&amp;uuml;nferit bir form bi&amp;ccedil;imi olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;It is known that the forms of Turkish religious music are examined under two main categories: &lt;em&gt;mosque music&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;tekke music&lt;/em&gt;. While mosque music comprises traditional forms performed solely with the human voice and without the use of any musical instruments, tekke music includes not only the forms of mosque music but also certain forms performed with dhikr (remembrance of God) and ritual movement (raks). Among the forms of tekke music, the term &lt;em&gt;&amp;ldquo;&amp;acirc;yin&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt; has been associated in the literature exclusively with the &lt;em&gt;Mevlev&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yin&lt;/em&gt; (Mevlevi Ritual Ceremony). However, Sufi orders such as the Rif&amp;acirc;iyya, Sa'diyya, Qadiriyya, and Bektashiyya, which perform their rituals in the &lt;em&gt;qiyām&amp;icirc;&lt;/em&gt; style (standing dhikr), also possess their own unique ritual structures. The focus of this study is the &lt;em&gt;Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yin&lt;/em&gt;, which includes primary ritual components such as &lt;em&gt;qiyām kalimat al-tawḥīd&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;qiyām ism al-jalālī&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;devrān&lt;/em&gt;, as well as distinctive dhikr and movement elements like &lt;em&gt;Beyy&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;demdeme&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; rose&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;wave tawḥīd&lt;/em&gt;. It also incorporates musical instruments such as the &lt;em&gt;ney&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;rebab&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;mazhar&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;bendir&lt;/em&gt;, resulting in a performance rich in choreography and aesthetic quality. Although some previous studies have addressed the Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yin, their limited scope makes it difficult to draw comprehensive scientific conclusions. In this study, the Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yin absent from the general classification of Turkish religious music forms is examined liturgically. The dhikr, raks, and musical components of the ritual are identified, and schematic guides are developed for sections such as &lt;em&gt;qiyām kalimat al-tawḥīd&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;qiyām ism al-jalālī&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;devrān&lt;/em&gt; to enhance clarity. Consequently, it is concluded that the Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yin, like the Mevlev&amp;icirc; &amp;acirc;yin, constitutes a distinct and independent musical-liturgical form.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82583</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[947-971]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/104</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İmla Meclisleri Geleneği Bağlamında Kahire’nin Hadis Kültürünün Gelişimindeki Rolü]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Role of Cairo in the Development of Hadith Culture within the Framework of the Amālī Tradition]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed Furkan DOĞAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Kahire, İmlâ Meclisi, Emâlî, Hicrî IX. Yüzyıl]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Cairo, Dictation Sessions, Amālī, 9th Century AH]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, hicr&amp;icirc; IX. y&amp;uuml;zyılda Kahire&amp;rsquo;nin hadis k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n şekillenmesindeki belirleyici rol&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;, iml&amp;acirc; meclisleri geleneği bağlamında ele almaktadır. Rivayetlerin s&amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml; olarak dikte edilip yazıya ge&amp;ccedil;irilmesi esasına dayanan hadis iml&amp;acirc; meclisleri, erken d&amp;ouml;nemlerden itibaren İslam ilim geleneğinde &amp;ouml;nemli bir yer edinmiştir. Ancak bu gelenek, hicr&amp;icirc; VII. y&amp;uuml;zyıldan itibaren zayıflamış ve yaklaşık bir bu&amp;ccedil;uk asır s&amp;uuml;ren bir duraklama d&amp;ouml;nemine girmiştir. Bu makalede, Kahire&amp;rsquo;nin Zeyn&amp;uuml;ddin el-Ir&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; &amp;ouml;nc&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;nde bu geleneği nasıl yeniden ihy&amp;acirc; ettiği ve bu ihy&amp;acirc; s&amp;uuml;recinin nasıl kurumsallaştığı detaylı bi&amp;ccedil;imde analiz edilmektedir. İbn Hacer el-Askal&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;, Veliyyudd&amp;icirc;n el-Ir&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc;, Seh&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc; ve S&amp;uuml;y&amp;ucirc;t&amp;icirc; gibi &amp;ouml;nde gelen muhaddislerin katkıları &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde Kahire'de ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşen meclislerin yapısı, m&amp;uuml;stamli uygulamaları, ilm&amp;icirc; etkileri ve sosyal katılım boyutları ele alınmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, iml&amp;acirc; meclislerinin sadece bir rivayet aracı değil; aynı zamanda Kahire&amp;rsquo;nin ilm&amp;icirc; kimliğini inşa eden ve IX. y&amp;uuml;zyıl boyunca hadis k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n kurumsal hafızasını temsil eden yapılar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="TR"&gt;This study explores the central role of Cairo in shaping hadith culture during the 9th century AH within the framework of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;imlāʾ&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;tradition. Rooted in the oral dictation and transcription of prophetic reports,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;imlāʾ&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;gatherings had long held a prominent place in the Islamic scholarly tradition. However, this practice experienced a period of decline from the 7th century AH onward. The revival of this tradition in Cairo under the leadership of Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī marked a turning point in its institutional and intellectual development. This article examines how Cairo became the epicenter of this renewed momentum and how the practice was re-established and formalized. The contributions of key figures such as Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Waliyy al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī, al-Sakhāwī, and al-Suyūṭī are analyzed in detail, with special attention to the structure of these gatherings, the use of&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;mustamlīs&lt;/em&gt;, scholarly participation, and the broader social impact. Ultimately, the article argues that&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;imlāʾ&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;gatherings in Cairo not only preserved hadith transmission but also played a fundamental role in constructing the scholarly identity of the city and institutionalizing hadith culture throughout the century.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82564</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[127-138]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/105</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Neml Sûresindeki Metaforik Anlatımların İşârî Tefsirlere Yansıması: Bursevî Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Reflection of Metaphorical Expressions in Sūrat al-Naml on Ishārī Commentary: The Case of al-Bursavī]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Faruk GÖRGÜLÜ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, Neml Sûresi, İsmâil Hakkı Bursevî, Rûhu’l-Beyân, İşârî Tefsir, Metafor.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Commentary, Qur’an, Sūrat al-Naml, Ismāʿīl Ḥaqqī al-Burūsawī, Rūḥ al-Bayān, Ishārī Commentary, Metaphor. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Metafor, dilbilgisi ve edeb&amp;icirc; a&amp;ccedil;ıdan, ifade edilmek istenen kavramı doğrudan değil, temsil&amp;icirc; ve sembolik yollarla aktaran bir anlatım aracıdır. Bu &amp;uuml;slup, &amp;ouml;zellikle din&amp;icirc; metinlerde derin anlamların aktarımında vazge&amp;ccedil;ilmez bir rol oynar. Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m, kendine &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml; edeb&amp;icirc; &amp;uuml;slubu ve &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu anlam yapısıyla, metaforik dili en etkili bi&amp;ccedil;imde kullanan il&amp;acirc;h&amp;icirc; bir metindir. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle metaforlar, Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;ın hem edeb&amp;icirc; y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; hem de semantik zenginliğini ortaya koymakta, bunun yanı sıra soyut hakikatlerin zihinlerde daha a&amp;ccedil;ık ve kalıcı bir bi&amp;ccedil;imde yer etmesine imk&amp;acirc;n sağlamaktadır. Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;da yer alan bu tarz ifadeler, i&amp;lsquo;c&amp;acirc;zın bir g&amp;ouml;stergesi olarak hem nazmın kudretini hem de mananın inceliğini g&amp;ouml;zler &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne sermektedir. Bu bağlamda Neml S&amp;ucirc;resi, i&amp;ccedil;erdiği sembolik ifadeler ve zengin metaforik unsurlar bakımından, Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;ın edeb&amp;icirc; y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; en belirgin şekilde yansıtan s&amp;ucirc;relerden biridir. S&amp;ucirc;re, hem anlatım tekniği hem de kullandığı metaforik dil a&amp;ccedil;ısından Kur&amp;rsquo;an'ın belağ&amp;icirc; &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n somut bir &amp;ouml;rneğini sunmaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı, Neml s&amp;ucirc;resindeki metaforik anlatımların tasavvuf&amp;icirc; tefsir geleneğine yansımasını ortaya koymak, &amp;ouml;zelde ise Osmanlı tasavvuf&amp;icirc; tefsir ekol&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n &amp;ouml;nemli simalarından İsm&amp;acirc;il Hakkı Bursev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &amp;ldquo;R&amp;ucirc;hu&amp;rsquo;l-Bey&amp;acirc;n&amp;rdquo; adlı eserinde bu anlatımların nasıl te&amp;rsquo;vil edildiğini tahlil etmektir. Bursev&amp;icirc;, Hz. S&amp;uuml;leyman ile Sebe Mel&amp;icirc;kesi arasında ge&amp;ccedil;en kıssayı yorumlarken; karınca, H&amp;uuml;dh&amp;uuml;d kuşu ve Belkıs&amp;rsquo;ın tahtı gibi unsurları sadece z&amp;acirc;hir&amp;icirc; anlamlarıyla değil, aynı zamanda nefsin mertebeleri, kalbin seyr u s&amp;uuml;l&amp;ucirc;ku, marifet, fen&amp;acirc; ve bek&amp;acirc; gibi temel tasavvuf&amp;icirc; kavramlarla ilişkilendirerek tefsir etmiştir. Bu yaklaşım, Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;daki metaforların yalnızca birer edeb&amp;icirc; anlatım ara&amp;ccedil;ları olmadığını, aynı zamanda insanın m&amp;acirc;nev&amp;icirc; tek&amp;acirc;m&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;ne rehberlik eden &amp;ccedil;ok katmanlı m&amp;acirc;n&amp;acirc;lar barındırdığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Araştırma, nitel y&amp;ouml;ntem esas alınarak ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiş; R&amp;ucirc;hu&amp;rsquo;l-Bey&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;da ilgili &amp;acirc;yetlere dair yorumlar sistematik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Bursev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin yorumları klasik iş&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc; tefsirlerle mukayeseli olarak ele alınmış, b&amp;ouml;ylece metaforik anlatımın tasavvuf&amp;icirc; tefsir geleneği i&amp;ccedil;erisindeki yeri ve işlevi somut &amp;ouml;rneklerle ortaya konulmuştur. Sonu&amp;ccedil; itibarıyla bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Neml S&amp;ucirc;resi&amp;rsquo;ndeki metaforik anlatımın hem edeb&amp;icirc; hem de tasavvuf&amp;icirc; boyutta &amp;ccedil;ok katmanlı ve kapsamlı bir yapı arz ettiğini ortaya koymakta; Bursev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin tefsir anlayışının, Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;daki mecazi anlatımların, insanın i&amp;ccedil; d&amp;uuml;nyasına y&amp;ouml;nelik derin m&amp;acirc;n&amp;acirc;larla buluşturan &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n bir perspektif sunduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Metaphor, in both linguistic and literary terms, is a means of expression through which the intended meaning is conveyed not directly but symbolically and representatively. This stylistic feature plays an indispensable role, especially in the transmission of profound meanings in religious texts. The Qur&amp;rsquo;an, with its unique literary style and multilayered semantic structure, is a divine scripture that employs metaphorical language in the most effective manner. In this respect, metaphors not only reveal the literary depth and semantic richness of the Qur&amp;rsquo;an but also facilitate the clearer and more enduring internalization of abstract truths in the human mind. Such expressions in the Qur&amp;rsquo;an exemplify the concept of i&amp;lsquo;jāz (inimitability), manifesting both the power of its composition and the delicacy of its meanings. Within this framework, Sūrat al-Naml is one of the chapters that most vividly reflect the literary aspect of the Qur&amp;rsquo;an, owing to its rich symbolic expressions and metaphorical content. The Sūrah, in both its narrative technique and use of metaphorical language, offers a tangible illustration of the Qur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;s rhetorical supremacy. The objective of this study is to examine the reflection of metaphorical expressions in Sūrat al-Naml within the tradition of Sufi exegesis, with particular focus on how these expressions are interpreted in Rūḥ al-Bayān, the renowned tafsīr work of Ismāʿīl Ḥaqqī al-Burūsawī, a prominent figure in the Ottoman Sufi exegetical tradition. While commenting on the narrative of Prophet Sulaymān and the Queen of Sheba, Burūsawī interprets elements such as the ant, the hoopoe bird, and the throne of Bilqīs not solely in their apparent meanings but also through key Sufi concepts like the stages of the nafs (soul), the journey of the heart (sayr u sulūk), gnosis (maʿrifa), annihilation (fanāʾ), and subsistence (baqāʾ). This approach illustrates that the metaphors in the Qur&amp;rsquo;an are not merely literary devices but contain multilayered meanings that guide the spiritual journey of the human being. This research has been conducted through a qualitative method. The relevant interpretations of the verses in Rūḥ al-Bayān were systematically analyzed and compared with classical Sufi exegetical texts, thus revealing concrete examples of how metaphorical language functions within the Sufi tafsīr tradition. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the metaphorical expressions in Sūrat al-Naml present a multilayered and comprehensive structure both in literary and mystical dimensions. Moreover, the exegetical methodology of Burūsawī offers a unique perspective that associates the Qur&amp;rsquo;anic metaphors with profound spiritual meanings pertaining to the inner world of the human being.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82547</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1013-1037]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/106</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Dijital Çağda Analog İnsan ve Din: 21. Yüzyılda Toplumsal Değişim]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Analog Man and Religion in the Digital Age: 21. Social Change in the Century]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Habib  KARTAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din, Toplumsal Değişme, Çelik Kabuk, Dijital Kabuk, Analog İnsan.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religion, Social Change, Steel Shell, Digital Shell, Analog Human.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="wpaicg-chat-message"&gt;Teknolojinin g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zdeki hızlı gelişimi, insanları, onların iletişim bi&amp;ccedil;imlerini, toplumsal hayatı, inan&amp;ccedil; sistemlerini k&amp;ouml;kten değiştirmiştir. Daha &amp;ouml;nce benzeri g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmemiş bu toplumsal değişim, insanla kendi &amp;uuml;rettiği dijital d&amp;uuml;nyayı karşı karşıya getiren bir s&amp;uuml;reci doğurmuştur. Bu makalede, dijital d&amp;uuml;nyanın insan yaşamı &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkileri &amp;uuml;zerinden insanın ve dinin bu d&amp;uuml;nya karşısındaki pozisyonu ele alınmıştır. Konu ele alınırken hem Weber&amp;rsquo;in metaforu hareket noktası olarak se&amp;ccedil;ilmiş hem de varlığa karşı doğal pozisyonunu koruma gayreti i&amp;ccedil;inde olan Analog İnsan kavramı ile Dijital yenid&amp;uuml;nya karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, dijitalleşmenin bireylerin dini deneyimlerini nasıl d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ve analog insanın bu yeni ortamda nasıl bir varlık olarak kalmaya &amp;ccedil;alıştığını anlamaktır.&lt;/span&gt; Dijital yenid&amp;uuml;nya&lt;span class="wpaicg-chat-message"&gt; bireylerin dini inan&amp;ccedil;larını pekiştirdiği gibi, sorgulamalarına da yol a&amp;ccedil;maktadır. Dijital alanda farklı inan&amp;ccedil;larla tanışılmakta ve karşılaştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, dijital ortamda yaşanan dezenformasyon, derin dini deneyimlerin yaşanmasını zorlaştırmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-converted-space"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="wpaicg-chat-message"&gt;Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, dijital d&amp;uuml;nya, analog insanın dini deneyimlerini hem zenginleştiren hem de karmaşıklaştıran bir alan haline gelmiştir. Bu makale, toplumsal değişimin şimdi, ge&amp;ccedil;miş ve gelecek arasındaki ilişkisini anlamak adına &amp;ouml;nemlidir. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml;&lt;/span&gt; Toplumsal değişimin teknolojik iyimserlik ya da k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;mserlik şeklinde sınıflandığı, karşıt gruplar oluşmasının değişimin ge&amp;ccedil;miş, şimdi ve gelecekle alakasının anlaşılmasını zorlaştırdığı anlaşılmaktadır. Y&amp;ouml;ntem olarak nitel araştırmanın dok&amp;uuml;man analizi y&amp;ouml;ntemi kullanılarak disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımla farklı kaynaklar taranmış, incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="wpaicg-chat-message"&gt;Today's rapid development of technology has radically changed people, their communication styles, social life and belief systems. This unprecedented social change has led to a process that confronts people with the digital world they have produced. In this article, the position of man and religion against this world is discussed through the effects of the digital world on human life. While discussing the subject, Weber's metaphor was chosen as the starting point and a comparison was made with the concept of Analog Human, which strives to protect its natural position against existence, and the Digital new world. The purpose of this article is to understand how digitization is transforming individuals' religious experiences and how the analog human is trying to remain an asset in this new environment.&lt;/span&gt; The digital new world&lt;span class="wpaicg-chat-message"&gt; not only reinforces the religious beliefs of individuals, but also causes them to question them. In the digital field, different beliefs are met and comparisons are made. However, digital disinformation makes it difficult to have deep religious experiences.&amp;nbsp;As a result, the digital world has become a field that both enriches and complicates the religious experiences of analog man. This article is important for understanding the relationship between the present, past and future of social change. Because&lt;/span&gt; it is understood that social change is classified as technological optimism or pessimism, and the formation of opposing groups makes it difficult to understand the relevance of change to the past, present and future. Using the document analysis method of qualitative research as a method, different sources were scanned, examined and analyzed with an interdisciplinary approach.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82476</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2035-2055]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/107</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İmâm Rabbânî’de Letâif Düşüncesi: Ruhânî Seyrüsülûkta Kavramsal ve Sistematik Bir İnşa]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Concept of Latāʾif in Imām Rabbānī: A Conceptual and Systematic Construction in Spiritual Journeying (Sayrusulūk)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İdris POLAT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nuran DÖNER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf, Seyrüsülûk, Letâif, İmâm Rabbânî, Müceddidiyye.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sufism, Sayrusulūk, Latāʾif, Imām Rabbānī, Mujaddidiyya.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Makalenizi bu şablona g&amp;ouml;re hazırlamanız gerekmektedir. Şablon kullanılmadan ve belirtilen kurallara Tasavvuf tarihinde let&amp;acirc;if kavramı genellikle teorik ve sezgisel bir unsur olarak değerlendirilmiş; klasik seyr&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;l&amp;ucirc;k y&amp;ouml;ntemleri ise ağırlıklı olarak nefs tezkiyesi ve riy&amp;acirc;zet pratikleri &amp;uuml;zerinden şekillenmiştir. İm&amp;acirc;m Rabb&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; Ahmed Sirhind&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;. 1034/1624), tasavvuf&amp;icirc; eğitim anlayışında &amp;ouml;nemli bir d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirerek, let&amp;acirc;ifleri ilk kez kapsamlı, sistematik ve uygulanabilir bir eğitim metodolojisinin merkezine yerleştirmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada Rabb&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin let&amp;acirc;if kavramına y&amp;uuml;klediği &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n anlam, seyr&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;l&amp;ucirc;k s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde yaptığı metodolojik yenilikler ve onun tasavvuf tarihinde oluşturduğu paradigmatik değişim ele alınmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada kavramsal analiz, tarihsel inceleme ve karşılaştırmalı analiz y&amp;ouml;ntemleri kullanılmıştır. Rabb&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;, let&amp;acirc;ifleri &amp;ldquo;emir ve halk &amp;acirc;lemi&amp;rdquo; ayrımı bağlamında yeniden yorumlayarak, bunların bedendeki yerlerini, zikrullah pratiklerini ve fen&amp;acirc;-bek&amp;acirc; s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;leriyle bağlantılarını sistematik bir eğitim programına d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;rm&amp;uuml;ş; ayrıca peygamberlerin m&amp;acirc;nev&amp;icirc; makamları ile let&amp;acirc;ifler arasında a&amp;ccedil;ık ve somut ilişkiler kurmuştur. Let&amp;acirc;if merkezli bu yeni yaklaşım, tasavvuf tarihinde ilk defa &amp;ldquo;nefs&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;r&amp;ucirc;h&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rdquo; seyr&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;l&amp;ucirc;k y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinin ayrışmasını sağlamış, &amp;ouml;zellikle Nakşibendiyye&amp;rsquo;nin M&amp;uuml;ceddid&amp;icirc;-H&amp;acirc;lid&amp;icirc; geleneklerinde etkili olmuş ve tasavvuf eğitimine kalıcı bir paradigma kazandırmıştır. Makale, Rabb&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin oluşturduğu bu metodolojik &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evenin, m&amp;acirc;nev&amp;icirc; eğitim s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerini a&amp;ccedil;ık, anlaşılır ve takip edilebilir kıldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca Rabb&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; sonrası d&amp;ouml;nemde let&amp;acirc;if merkezli uygulamaların &amp;ouml;zellikle M&amp;uuml;ceddidiyye ve H&amp;acirc;lidiyye gibi tar&amp;icirc;katlarda sistematik bir eğitim modeli h&amp;acirc;line d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;ne dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekilerek, bu alandaki ileriki akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmalara zemin hazırlanmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Throughout the history of Sufism, the concept of latāʾif has often been understood primarily at a theoretical and intuitive level, while classical spiritual journey (&lt;em&gt;sayrusulūk&lt;/em&gt;) methodologies have mainly focused on the purification of the nafs and ascetic practices (riyāḍāt). Imām Rabbānī Aḥmad Sirhindī (d. 1034/1624) introduced a significant transformation within the tradition by placing the latāʾif at the heart of a comprehensive, systematic, and practical spiritual education. Employing conceptual analysis, historical inquiry, and comparative methodology, this study examines Rabbānī&amp;rsquo;s distinctive interpretation of latāʾif, his methodological innovations in spiritual education, and the paradigmatic shift he initiated within Sufi tradition. Rabbānī systematically redefined latāʾif through the distinction between the realms of command (ʿālam al-amr) and creation (ʿālam al-khalq), explicitly detailing their bodily locations, methods of dhikr practice, and their relationships with the spiritual states of annihilation (fanāʾ) and subsistence (baqāʾ). Additionally, he structured explicit and tangible correlations between prophetic spiritual stations and individual latāʾif. For the first time in Sufi history, Rabbānī&amp;rsquo;s latāʾif-centered approach clearly distinguished between &amp;ldquo;nafsānī&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;rūḥānī&amp;rdquo; methodologies of spiritual journeying. This novel framework became influential, especially within the Mujaddidī-Khālidī branches of the Naqshbandiyya, transforming the nature of Sufi educational practice. Thus, Rabbānī&amp;rsquo;s methodological contributions have made spiritual training more explicit, accessible, and systematically applicable, laying significant groundwork for future research into latāʾif-based practices within Mujaddidiyya and Khālidiyya traditions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82422</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1377-1397]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/108</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Semavi Dinlerde Mağara Sembolizminin İşlevleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Functions of Cave Symbolism in Abrahamic Religions]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Zeynep İrem DEGER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Semavi Dinler, Kutsal Mekân, Vahiy, İnziva, Mağara Sembolizmi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Abrahamic religions, Sacred space, Revelation, Retreat, Cave Symbolism.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Mağaralar, tarih boyunca fiziksel sığınak olmanın &amp;ouml;tesinde, ibadet, vahiy, kutsal doğum ve ruhsal arınma mek&amp;acirc;nları olarak kutsal bir anlam kazanmıştır. Eski T&amp;uuml;rk inan&amp;ccedil;larında, T&amp;uuml;rk mitolojisinde ve Şamanizm&amp;rsquo;de de mağara, korunma ve ruhsal d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m alanı olarak &amp;ouml;nemli bir yer tutmuştur. Musevilikte Hz. İbrahim&amp;rsquo;in mağarada doğması, Hristiyanlıkta Hz. İsa&amp;rsquo;nın doğumunun mağarada ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşmesi ve Yuhanna&amp;rsquo;nın vahiy aldığı Patmos mağarası; mağaranın doğum, vahiy ve kutsal tecelli mek&amp;acirc;nı olarak işlev g&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ortaya koymaktadır. İslam&amp;rsquo;da ise Hira ve Sevr mağaraları, hem vahyin başlangı&amp;ccedil; noktası hem de ilahi korumanın tezah&amp;uuml;r ettiği yerler olarak kabul edilmektedir. Tasavvufi gelenekte mağara, &amp;ldquo;&amp;ccedil;ilehane&amp;rdquo; kavramı ile bireyin nefs terbiyesi, zikir ve tefekk&amp;uuml;rle ruhsal kemale ulaşmasını sağlayan bir inziva alanıdır. Hoca Ahmet Yesev&amp;icirc;, Hacı Bektaş Vel&amp;icirc; ve İbrahim bin Edhem gibi s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;lerin mağaralarda inzivaya &amp;ccedil;ekilmesi bu anlayışın &amp;ouml;rnekleridir. Ashab-ı Kehf (Yedi Uyurlar) anlatısında ise mağara, ilahi koruma ve yeniden dirilişin sembol&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;r. Ayrıca Makpela Mağarası gibi &amp;ouml;rneklerde, ebediyete ge&amp;ccedil;işle de ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu makale, tarih boyunca insanlık i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; bir mek&amp;acirc;n olan mağaranın, semavi dinler (Musevilik, Hristiyanlık ve İslam)&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;ve mistik gelenekler bağlamında kazandığı sembolik anlamları ve işlevleri karşılaştırmalı bir yaklaşımla ele almaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada ama&amp;ccedil;lanan mağaranın &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k dinde ortak bir sembol olarak nasıl karanlıktan aydınlığa ge&amp;ccedil;işin, yeniden doğuşun ve kutsal temasın mek&amp;acirc;nı h&amp;acirc;line geldiğini ortaya koymaktır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak mağara, hem bireysel hem de kolektif d&amp;uuml;zeyde karanlıktan aydınlığa ge&amp;ccedil;işi, i&amp;ccedil;sel arınmayı ve kutsal olanla buluşmayı simgelemektedir. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle mağara, semavi dinlerde yalnızca bir mek&amp;acirc;n değil, aynı zamanda ilahi tecr&amp;uuml;benin yoğunlaştığı bir sembold&amp;uuml;r. Makale, bu sembolizmin dinler arası s&amp;uuml;rekliliğini ve &amp;ccedil;ok katmanlı yapısını ortaya koymaktadır.&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Throughout history, caves have acquired sacred significance beyond being mere physical shelters, serving as places of worship, revelation, sacred birth, and spiritual purification. In ancient Turkish beliefs, Turkish mythology, and Shamanism, the cave also held an important place as an area of protection and spiritual transformation. In Judaism, the birth of Prophet Abraham in a cave, and in Christianity, the birth of Jesus Christ in a cave and the Patmos cave where John received revelations, demonstrate the cave's function as a place of birth, revelation, and sacred manifestation. In Islam, the Hira and Sevr caves are considered both the starting point of revelation and places where divine protection was manifested. In the Sufi tradition, the cave, through the concept of "&amp;ccedil;ilehane" (a retreat for spiritual discipline), is a place of seclusion that enables an individual's self-discipline, remembrance and contemplation to achieve spiritual perfection. The retreats of Sufis such as Hoca Ahmed Yesevi, Hacı Bektaş Veli, and Ibrahim ibn Edhem into caves are examples of this understanding. In the narrative of the Ashab el-Kehf (Companions of the Cave/Seven Sleepers), the cave is a symbol of divine protection and resurrection. Furthermore, in examples like the Cave of Machpelah, it has been associated with the transition to eternity. This article examines the symbolic meanings and functions acquired by the cave, a multifaceted space for humanity throughout history, in the context of Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) and mystical traditions using a comparative approach. The study aims to reveal how the cave, as a common symbol in the three major religions, became a space for transition from darkness to light, rebirth, and sacred contact. In conclusion, the cave symbolizes the transition from darkness to light, inner purification, and encountering the sacred, both individually and collectively. In this respect, the cave is not merely a place in Abrahamic religions but also a symbol where divine experience is concentrated. The article reveals the interreligious continuity and multilayered structure of this symbolism.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82394</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[893-922]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/109</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Eyyûbîler Döneminde Hanefî Hukuku: Mısır’da Yükselişi ve Kurumsallaşması]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Hanafi Law in The Ayyubid Perıod: Its Rise and Institutionalization in Egypt]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ömer MENEKÇE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Fıkıh Tarihi, İslam Hukuku, Hanefî Mezhebi, Eyyûbîler, Mısır]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Fiqh, Islamic Law, Hanafi School, Ayyubids, Egypt]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Eyy&amp;ucirc;b&amp;icirc;ler, XII-XIII. y&amp;uuml;zyıllar arasında Orta Doğu&amp;rsquo;nun geniş bir coğrafyasında- Mısır, Mezopotamya, Şam, Hicaz, Yemen ve Kuzey Afrika&amp;rsquo;da- h&amp;acirc;kimiyet s&amp;uuml;rm&amp;uuml;ş bir İsl&amp;acirc;m devletidir. Eyy&amp;ucirc;b&amp;icirc;ler İsl&amp;acirc;m d&amp;uuml;nyasının birliğini sağlama &amp;ccedil;abaları ve Ha&amp;ccedil;lı seferlerine karşı askeri başarıları ile &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmış, siyas&amp;icirc; alanın yanı sıra k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r ve bilim alanında da &amp;ouml;nemli izler bırakmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Eyy&amp;ucirc;b&amp;icirc;lerin ilm&amp;icirc; ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel faaliyetlerini en yoğun bir şekilde s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; yerlerden birisi Mısır&amp;rsquo;dır. Mısır, s&amp;ouml;z konusu d&amp;ouml;nemde siyas&amp;icirc;, asker&amp;icirc; ve ekonomik bir merkez olmanın yanı sıra bilimsel ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel etkinliklerin de &amp;ouml;nemli bir odağı haline gelmiştir. Eyy&amp;ucirc;b&amp;icirc;ler, İsl&amp;acirc;m d&amp;uuml;nyasında temel eğitim kurumları olan medreselerin inşasına Mısır&amp;rsquo;da &amp;ouml;zel bir &amp;ouml;nem vermiş ve &amp;ouml;zellikle fıkıh alanındaki &amp;ccedil;alışmalarla hukuk&amp;icirc; d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncenin gelişimine ve kurumsallaşmasına &amp;ouml;nemli katkılarda bulunmuşlardır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, F&amp;acirc;tım&amp;icirc; hakimiyetinin ardından Eyy&amp;ucirc;b&amp;icirc;ler d&amp;ouml;neminde (12-13. y&amp;uuml;zyıllar) Mısır'da Hanef&amp;icirc; mezhebinin yayılım s&amp;uuml;recini, hukuk&amp;icirc; ve kurumsal gelişimini incelemektedir. Araştırma, &amp;ouml;zellikle Şi&amp;icirc; hukukunun h&amp;acirc;kim olduğu bir coğrafyada S&amp;uuml;nn&amp;icirc; hukuk sisteminin yeniden inşası ve d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; s&amp;uuml;recine odaklanmakta, bu d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n sosyo-politik dinamiklerini, kurumsal yapıların şekillenme s&amp;uuml;recini ve Hanef&amp;icirc; mezhebinin b&amp;ouml;lgedeki kurumsal kimlik kazanım s&amp;uuml;recini analiz etmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu bağlamda araştırmada, Eyy&amp;ucirc;b&amp;icirc;ler d&amp;ouml;neminde Hanef&amp;icirc; mezhebinin gelişimi tarih&amp;icirc; ve ilm&amp;icirc; bir perspektifle ele alınarak, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;mezhebin Mısır&amp;rsquo;daki etkileri ve d&amp;ouml;nemin İslam hukuk tarihindeki yeri değerlendirilecektir. Zira Şafiilik devletin resm&amp;icirc; mezhebi olsa da Hanef&amp;icirc;lik de sultanların desteğiyle &amp;ouml;nemli bir gelişim g&amp;ouml;stermiştir. Daha &amp;ouml;nce M&amp;acirc;lik&amp;icirc; ve Ş&amp;acirc;fi&amp;icirc; mezheplerinin h&amp;acirc;kim olduğu Mısır&amp;rsquo;da, Hanef&amp;icirc; mezhebi de giderek g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r h&amp;acirc;le gelmiş ve fıkıh eğitiminde &amp;ouml;nemli bir yer edinmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;The Ayyubids were an Islamic state that ruled over a vast geography in the Middle East during the 12th-13th centuries - including Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hidjaz, Yemen, and North Africa. The Ayyubids stood out for their efforts to ensure the unity of the Islamic world and their military successes against the Crusades, leaving significant marks not only in the political sphere but also in culture and science.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Egypt was one of the primary locations where the Ayyubids conducted their most intensive scientific and cultural activities. During this period, Egypt became not only a political, military, and economic center but also a crucial focal point for scientific and cultural activities. The Ayyubids paid special attention to establishing madrasas (educational institutions) in Egypt and made significant contributions to the development and institutionalization of legal thought, especially in the field of fiqh. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;This study examines the spread, legal development, and institutionalization of the Ḥanafī school of law in Egypt during the Ayyubid period (12th&amp;ndash;13th centuries), following the end of Fāṭimid rule. The research focuses particularly on the reconstruction and transformation of the Sunni legal system in a region previously dominated by Shīʿī jurisprudence. It analyzes the socio-political dynamics of this transformation, the formation of legal institutions, and the process by which the Ḥanafī school gained institutional recognition in the region. In this context, the study approaches the development of the Ḥanafī school during the Ayyubid era from both historical and scholarly perspectives, assessing its influence in Egypt and its place within the broader history of Islamic law. Although the Shāfiʿī school was the official madhhab of the state, the Ḥanafī school experienced significant growth with the support of the sultans. In Egypt&amp;mdash;where Mālikī and Shāfiʿī schools had previously prevailed&amp;mdash;the Ḥanafī school gradually became more prominent and secured an important position in legal education.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82335</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1273-1295]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/110</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Öğretici Görüşlerine Göre 4-6 Yaş Kur’an Kurslarında Kullanılan Öğretim Yöntem ve Materyalleri (Giresun İli Örneği)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Teaching Methods and Materials Used in 4-6 Year Old Qur'an Courses According to Instructor Opinions (Giresun City Case)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İlhan TETİK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, 4-6 Yaş Kur’an Kursları, Materyal, Yöntem, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, 4-6 Age Qur'an Courses, Material, Method, Presidency of Religious Affairs]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.7pt; border: none; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-border-shadow: yes;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black;"&gt;Okul &amp;ouml;ncesi eğitimi &amp;ccedil;ocuğun dini duygularının gelişimi aşamasında en &amp;ouml;nemli d&amp;ouml;nemlerden birini oluşturur. Bu d&amp;ouml;nemdeki &amp;ccedil;ocuğa verilecek din eğitiminde belirli ilkeler g&amp;ouml;zetilmelidir. İlk &amp;ccedil;ocukluk olarak nitelendirilen 7 yaşa kadar olan d&amp;ouml;nem, &amp;ccedil;ocuğun bedensel zihinsel ve duyusal y&amp;ouml;nden gelişiminin en hızlı olduğu d&amp;ouml;nemdir. Dini gelişim de bu d&amp;ouml;nemin en &amp;ouml;nemli aşamasıdır. Diyanet işleri Başkanlığı&amp;rsquo;nın 2013 yılından itibaren okul &amp;ouml;ncesi d&amp;ouml;nemdeki &amp;ccedil;ocuklara y&amp;ouml;nelik verdiği eğitim, bu alandaki boşluğu doldurmaya y&amp;ouml;neliktir. Din eğitiminde kullanılan y&amp;ouml;ntem ve materyaller kurslardan beklenen niteliği doğrudan etkileyecektir. Bu bağlamda &amp;ccedil;alışmanın temel problemi 4-6 yaş Kur&amp;rsquo;an kurslarında g&amp;ouml;rev yapan &amp;ouml;ğreticilerin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri doğrultusunda bu kurslarda kullanılan y&amp;ouml;ntem ve materyallerin tespiti olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinden durum &amp;ccedil;alışması kullanılmıştır. K&amp;uuml;me &amp;ouml;rneklem yoluyla Giresun ilinde 4-6 yaş Kur&amp;rsquo;an Kurslarında &amp;ccedil;alışan 28 &amp;ouml;ğretici belirlenmiştir. G&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ll&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;k esasına dayanılarak araştırmaya katılım sağlayan &amp;ouml;ğreticilerle 2024 yılında g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. G&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formunun hazırlanmasında daha &amp;ouml;nce yapılan bilimsel araştırmalardan ve alan uzmanlarından yararlanılmıştır.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniğiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularından hareketle kursların fiziki imkanlarının artırılması, &amp;ccedil;ocuklara verilen hediye ve oyuncakların geliştirilmesi, bilgi teknolojileri ile m&amp;uuml;ziğin kurslarda kullanım alanının genişletilmesi sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.65pt; border: none; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-border-shadow: yes; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 35.4pt;"&gt;&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black;"&gt;Preschool education is one of the most important periods in the development of the child's religious feelings. Certain principles should be observed in the religious education to be given to children in this period. The period up to the age of 7, which is characterized as early childhood, is the period when the child's physical, mental and sensory development is the fastest. Religious development is the most important stage of this period. The education provided by the Presidency of Religious Affairs for preschool children since 2013 is intended to fill the gap in this area. The methods and materials used in religious education will directly affect the quality expected from the courses. In this context, the main problem of the study was determined as the determination of the methods and materials used in these courses in line with the opinions of the teachers working in 4-6 years old Qur'an courses. In this study, a case study from qualitative research methods was used. Through cluster sampling, 28 instructors working in 4-6 years old Qur'an courses in Giresun province were identified. Based on the principle of volunteerism, interviews were conducted with the teachers who participated in the study in 2024. In the preparation of the interview form, previous scientific researches and field experts were utilized. The data obtained were evaluated with descriptive analysis technique. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that the physical facilities of the courses should be increased, the gifts and toys given to children should be improved, and the use of information technologies and music should be expanded in the courses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82288</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2253-2273]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/111</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Divan Şiirinde Firavun]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Pharaoh in Divan Poetry]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hanzade GÜZELOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Eski Türk edebiyatı, Divan şiiri, Divan şairi, Benzetme, Firavun, Mısır]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Old Turkish literature, Divan poetry, Divan poet, Metaphor, Pharaoh, Egypt]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Divan şairlerinin şiir d&amp;uuml;nyasında ortak ve hazır bir malzeme olarak aşk, sevgilinin g&amp;uuml;zellik unsurları, &amp;acirc;şığın sıfatları ve &amp;acirc;şıklık halleri i&amp;ccedil;in kullanılan benzetmeler arasında coğrafya da yer almaktadır. Edebiyatta ortak coğraf&amp;icirc; unsur olarak &amp;ouml;zellikle antik Mısır ve Mısır medeniyetine ait unsurların ele alındığını g&amp;ouml;rmek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. &amp;Ccedil;eşitli beyitlerde Mısır&amp;rsquo;ı konu alan ve Mısır redifli m&amp;uuml;stakil şiirlerin de kaleme alınması Mısır&amp;rsquo;ın &amp;ouml;nemli bir coğraf&amp;icirc; unsur olduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Mısır, Nil nehri, ıtriyat, beyaz şeker olan &amp;ldquo;kand&amp;rdquo;, kılı&amp;ccedil;lar gibi meşhur &amp;ouml;zellikleriyle s&amp;ouml;z konusu edilmektedir. G&amp;ouml;rev, gezi, yolculuk g&amp;uuml;zergahı &amp;uuml;zerindeki bir yer gibi &amp;ccedil;eşitli vesilelerle Mısır&amp;rsquo;da bulunmuş şairlerin de şiirlerinde Mısır&amp;rsquo;ı konu edindiği ve &amp;uuml;lkenin g&amp;uuml;zellikleri ve zenginliğini &amp;ouml;vd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;, &amp;uuml;lkeyle ilgili izlenimlerini anlattıkları bağımsız şiirleri de s&amp;ouml;z konusudur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Edebiyatta b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n unsurlarıyla sık&amp;ccedil;a bahsedilen Yusuf u Z&amp;uuml;leyha maceralarının Mısır&amp;rsquo;da ge&amp;ccedil;mesi ve Hz. Musa hikayesi sebebiyle Mısır; Yusuf, Z&amp;uuml;leyha, Yakub, Musa, zindan, sultan, r&amp;uuml;ya, as&amp;acirc; gibi unsurlarla birlikte beyitlerde ge&amp;ccedil;er. Mısır&amp;rsquo;ın &amp;ouml;nemli simgesi olan firavun da şiirde bu vesileyle bahsedilen bir tiptir. S&amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml;klerde &amp;ldquo;azamet ve ceberr&amp;uuml;t sahibi&amp;rdquo; anlamıyla yer alan Arap&amp;ccedil;a firavun kelimesi, eski Mısır krallarının unvanıdır. Bazı beyitlerde ise Fars&amp;ccedil;a &amp;ldquo;&amp;ccedil;ok, fazla&amp;rdquo; anlamı olan fir&amp;acirc;v&amp;acirc;n kelimesiyle de &amp;ccedil;oğu zaman tevriye i&amp;ccedil;inde kullanılır. Genel olarak olumsuz bir şahsiyet olan firavun, acımasızlığı, kibri, ordusuyla denizde yok oluşu, karanlık g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;leri, m&amp;uuml;nkir oluşu vb. &amp;ouml;zellikleriyle Hz. Musa hikayesine telmihen bahsedilmektedir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışmada farklı y&amp;uuml;zyıllara ait divanlar taranarak divan şairlerinin firavun tipine hangi tasavvurlar i&amp;ccedil;erisinde yer verdiği tespit edilmeye &amp;ccedil;alışılacaktır. Se&amp;ccedil;ilen &amp;ouml;rnek beyitler &amp;uuml;zerinden divan şairlerinin firavunla ilgili olarak şiirlerinde hangi benzetme ve hayal unsurlarını kullandıkları &amp;uuml;zerinde durulacaktır. Konuyla ilgili genel bir değerlendirmenin yapılabilmesi i&amp;ccedil;in herhangi bir y&amp;uuml;zyıl veya şair sınırlandırması yapılmamıştır. Firavunla ilgili &amp;ouml;rnekler, divan şiir malzemesinin &amp;ccedil;eşitliğini ve zenginliğini bir kez daha g&amp;ouml;sterdiği gibi şairlerin hayal d&amp;uuml;nyasının derinliğini ve renkliliğini de ortaya koymaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Among the common and ready material in the poetry world by divan poets for love, the beauty elements of the beloved, the adjectives of the lover, geographic elements are also take place. It is possible to see that in literature ancient Egypt and Egyptian civilization are especially mentioned as common geographical elements. Also independent works about Egypt and the poems with the rhyme &amp;ldquo;Egypt&amp;rdquo; shows that this country was an important geographical element in literature. Egypt is mentioned with its famous elements such as perfumery, the Nile River, white sugar and swords. Because the adventures of Yusuf and Zuleyha take place in Egypt and the story of Prophet Moses, Egypt is mentioned in the couplets together with elements such as Yusuf, Zuleyha, Jacob, Musa, dungeon, sultan, dream and baton. The pharaoh, an important symbol of Egypt, is also a character mentioned in poetry on various occasions. The Arabic word pharaoh, which is included in dictionaries as &amp;ldquo;possessor of majesty and authority&amp;rdquo;, is the title of ancient Egyptian kings. In some couplets Arabic &amp;ldquo;firavun&amp;rdquo; (pharaoh) like the word fir&amp;acirc;v&amp;acirc;n, which means &amp;ldquo;many&amp;rdquo; in Persian, is often used as a metaphor. Pharaoh, who is generally a negative person, is mentioned as an allusion to the story of Prophet Moses with his cruelty, arrogance and his army being destroyed in the sea. In this study, divans from different centuries will be scanned and an attempt will be made to determine in which contexts the divan poets imagened the pharaoh type. Through the selected sample couplets it will be emphasized which metaphors and imagination elements the divan poets used in their poems about the pharaoh. Examples related to the pharaoh once again demonstrate the diversity and richness of the divan poetry material as well as the depth and colourfulness of the poets&amp;rsquo; imagination.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82282</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[183-196]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/112</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kindî’nin Felsefesinde ‘Cisim’, ‘Hareket’ ve ‘Zaman’ Kavramları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Concepts of ‘Body’, ‘Motion’ and ‘Time’ in al-Kindī's Philosophy]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yakup ÖZKAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Felsefesi, Kindî, cisim, Hareket, Zaman, Doğal Nedenler, Dört Unsur, İlk Nitelikler, Göksel Küre ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Philosophy, Al-Kindī, Body, Motion, Time, Natural Causes, Four Elements, First Qualities, Celestial Sphere ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk195207304"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu araştırmada Kind&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin felsefesinin &lt;em&gt;cisim&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;hareket&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;zaman &lt;/em&gt;kavramlarını, Muhammed Abd&amp;uuml;lh&amp;acirc;d&amp;icirc; Eb&amp;ucirc; R&amp;icirc;de&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;Res&amp;acirc;il&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kind&amp;icirc; el-felsefiyye &lt;/em&gt;adlı yayımı &amp;uuml;zerinden ayrıntılı incelemeye &amp;ccedil;alıştık. Bu kavramlar ile ilgili Kind&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin kitap ve ris&amp;acirc;lelerine dağıtılmış olan b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n ifadeleri bir araya getirerek mantıksal bağıntılarının g&amp;ouml;sterilmesi &amp;uuml;zerinden &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mlemeye &amp;ccedil;alıştık.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; Bu &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; şey, varoluşta birbirlerine bağlıdır. Bu nedenle, bunlardan hi&amp;ccedil;biri varolmada bir diğerinden &amp;ouml;nce gelemez. Hareket, belli bir &lt;em&gt;değişim&lt;/em&gt;dir. Hareketin altı t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; vardır ve bunların her birinde belli bir değişim vardır. Bu altı t&amp;uuml;r; &lt;em&gt;yersel&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;artış&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;azalış&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;h&amp;acirc;l değişimi&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;oluş&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;bozuluş&lt;/em&gt;tur. Son ikisi &amp;ouml;zseldir, diğerleri ise ilinekseldir. Hareket ile cisim &lt;em&gt;zorunlu olarak&lt;/em&gt; birbirine bağlıdır. Zaman da ancak hareket ile vardır. &lt;em&gt;Hareket&lt;/em&gt;e bağlı olan &lt;em&gt;değişim&lt;/em&gt;, cismin s&amp;uuml;resinin sayısını sayandır. Başka deyişle &lt;em&gt;değişim&lt;/em&gt; değişenin s&amp;uuml;resinin sayısıdır. &lt;em&gt;Hareket&lt;/em&gt; de değişenin s&amp;uuml;resini sayandır. Değişen, cisimdir. Zaman da değişime bağlıdır ve hareketin saydığı bir s&amp;uuml;redir. Her cismin bir s&amp;uuml;resi vardır. Yani s&amp;uuml;rede cismin varoluşu vardır. Başka deyişle s&amp;uuml;re cismin varoluşunun kendisinde olduğu şeydir. S&amp;uuml;rekli cismin ayrılmayanı olan &lt;em&gt;cismin s&amp;uuml;resi&lt;/em&gt;, s&amp;uuml;rekli cismin ayrılmayanı olan &lt;em&gt;cismin hareketinin saydığı&lt;/em&gt;dır. Dolayısıyla &lt;em&gt;cisim&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;hareket&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;zaman&lt;/em&gt; varlıkta birliktedir. Cisim, cinsi olan cevherden ve ayrımı olan &lt;em&gt;uzun&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;geniş &lt;/em&gt;ve &lt;em&gt;derin&lt;/em&gt;den birleşir. Buna g&amp;ouml;re cisim, &lt;em&gt;&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; boyutu olan bir şeydir&lt;/em&gt;. Sonsuz bir cismin olması m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n değildir.&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;Bu nedenle&lt;em&gt; hareket&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;zaman&lt;/em&gt; da yalnızca kuvvede sonsuzdur. Bir şeyin fiilde sonsuz olması m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n değildir. Cisim, iki yalın ilk cevherler olan &lt;em&gt;madde&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;s&amp;ucirc;ret&lt;/em&gt;ten birleşendir. Birleşim ise birleşim olmayan h&amp;acirc;lin değişmesidir ve bir harekettir. Doğal nedenler ya &lt;em&gt;maddesel&lt;/em&gt; ya &lt;em&gt;s&amp;ucirc;retsel &lt;/em&gt;ya &lt;em&gt;f&amp;acirc;ilsel&lt;/em&gt; ya da &lt;em&gt;tamlık &lt;/em&gt;olur. &lt;em&gt;Madde&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; s&amp;ucirc;retlerin y&amp;uuml;klenmesi i&amp;ccedil;in konu olan edilgin bir g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;t&amp;uuml;r.&lt;em&gt; S&amp;ucirc;ret&lt;/em&gt; ise kendisiyle şeyin &lt;em&gt;o olarak o&lt;/em&gt; olduğudur. Bir şey olan d&amp;icirc;n&amp;acirc;rda &lt;em&gt;madde&lt;/em&gt; altındır, &lt;em&gt;s&amp;ucirc;ret&lt;/em&gt; ise altın ile birleşerek d&amp;icirc;n&amp;acirc;rın olduğu d&amp;icirc;n&amp;acirc;rın s&amp;ucirc;retidir. Şey duyusal ya da akılsal olsun&lt;a name="_Hlk195203951"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;onu o şey yapan onun s&amp;ucirc;reti&lt;/em&gt;dir. &lt;em&gt;F&amp;acirc;il&lt;/em&gt;, d&amp;icirc;n&amp;acirc;rın s&amp;ucirc;retini altınla birleştiren d&amp;icirc;n&amp;acirc;rın yapıcısıdır. &lt;em&gt;Tamlık&lt;/em&gt; ise kendisi i&amp;ccedil;in yapıcının d&amp;icirc;n&amp;acirc;rın s&amp;ucirc;retini altınla birleştirdiği şeydir. Maddesel olan cevherlerde şu beş şey bulunur: &lt;em&gt;madde&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;s&amp;ucirc;ret&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;mek&amp;acirc;n&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;hareket&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;zaman&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Madde&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;s&amp;ucirc;ret&lt;/em&gt;, her şeyin varlığının kendilerinden olduğu &lt;em&gt;ilkeler&lt;/em&gt;dir. Her şey gibi &lt;em&gt;sıcak&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;soğuk&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ıslak&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;kuru&lt;/em&gt; olan d&amp;ouml;rt unsur da &lt;em&gt;madde&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;s&amp;ucirc;retten&lt;/em&gt;dir. Bu iki ilke yalındır. D&amp;ouml;rt unsur; &lt;em&gt;ateş&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;hava&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;su&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;toprak&lt;/em&gt;tır ve &lt;em&gt;yalın cisimler&lt;/em&gt;dir. Bunlar i&amp;ccedil;in ilk nitelikler ise &lt;em&gt;sıcaklık&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;soğukluk&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ıslaklık &lt;/em&gt;ve &lt;em&gt;kuruluk&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;tur. İlk ikisi, &lt;em&gt;f&amp;acirc;il&lt;/em&gt;dir. Diğer ikisi ise edilgindir. B&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; olan &lt;em&gt;sıcaklık&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ateş&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;hava&lt;/em&gt;ya baskın gelir. K&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; olan &lt;em&gt;soğukluk&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;toprak&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;su&lt;/em&gt;ya baskın gelir. Yine, b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; olan &lt;em&gt;kuruluk&lt;/em&gt;, harekette hızlı olan ateş ve toprağa baskın gelir. K&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; olan &lt;em&gt;ıslaklık&lt;/em&gt; ise hareketi yavaş olan &lt;em&gt;hava&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;su&lt;/em&gt;ya baskın olur. Sıcaklık hafifliğin, soğukluk ise ağırlığın f&amp;acirc;ilidir. &lt;em&gt;Toprak&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;en ağır cisim&lt;/em&gt;dir. &lt;em&gt;Ateş &lt;/em&gt;ise &lt;em&gt;en hafif cisim&lt;/em&gt;dir. Su da havadan ağırdır. Bu d&amp;ouml;rt unsurun hareketleri &lt;em&gt;doğrusal&lt;/em&gt;dır. &lt;em&gt;Su &lt;/em&gt;ve &lt;em&gt;toprak&lt;/em&gt; ortaya doğru hareket ederler,&lt;em&gt; ateş&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;hava&lt;/em&gt; ise ortadan hareket ederler. D&amp;ouml;rt unsurdan olup &lt;em&gt;renk&lt;/em&gt; taşıyan &lt;em&gt;toprak&lt;/em&gt;tır. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; d&amp;ouml;rt unsur arasında yoğunluğa sahip olan ve şeffaflıktan yoksun olan topraktır. Dolayısıyla oluşsal ve bozuluşsal olanın hepsinde renklerin oluşumu g&amp;ouml;rsel bir engel olan &lt;em&gt;topraksallık&lt;/em&gt; iledir. Beş şeyden, yani beş cevherden biri olan mek&amp;acirc;n, cismin sınırlarıdır; kuşatan ile kuşatılanın iki sınırının karşılaşmasıdır. Oluş-bozuluş, ancak Ay feleğinin altında olur. Burada &lt;em&gt;ateş&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;hava&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;su&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;toprak &lt;/em&gt;olarak d&amp;ouml;rt unsur ve bunlardan birleşmiş şeyler vardır. Ay-altı felek, t&amp;uuml;m bu d&amp;ouml;rt unsur ve bunlardan olan bileşikler i&amp;ccedil;in bir &lt;em&gt;mek&amp;acirc;n&lt;/em&gt;dır. Zaman ise feleğin hareketinin sayısıdır. Zaman, aynı zamanda &lt;em&gt;b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n cismi&lt;/em&gt;nin zamanıdır, s&amp;uuml;residir. &lt;em&gt;Felek&lt;/em&gt; bir &lt;em&gt;cisim&lt;/em&gt;dir ve canlıdır, &lt;em&gt;duyarlı&lt;/em&gt;dır ve &lt;em&gt;hareketli&lt;/em&gt;dir. Felekler zorunlu olarak &lt;em&gt;d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nen&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;işiten &lt;/em&gt;ve &lt;em&gt;g&amp;ouml;rendir. &lt;/em&gt;Feleğin kuşattığı her oluşanın-bozulanın f&amp;acirc;il yakın nedeni felektir. Feleğin cismi ise oluşan ve bozulan değildir,&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;ama bir şeyden olmadan yokluktan ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarılmıştır. Felek; sıcaklık, soğukluk, ıslaklık, kuruluk ve hızlılık, yavaşlık, hafiflik, ağırlıkta unsurların hi&amp;ccedil;bir sıfatını taşımaz. Dolayısıyla da o ne hafiftir ne ağırdır ne sıcaktır ne soğuktur ne ıslaktır ne de kurudur. Felek, &lt;em&gt;yersel&lt;/em&gt; hareket olarak &lt;em&gt;dairesel&lt;/em&gt; hareket eder. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;In this research, we tried to analyze the concepts of body, motion, and time in al-Kindī's philosophy in detail through the publication of Abū R&amp;icirc;dah's &lt;em&gt;Rasāʽil al-Kindī al-falsafiya&lt;/em&gt;. We tried to analyze all the statements about these concepts scattered in al-Kindī's books and treatises by bringing them together and showing their logical relations. These three things depend on each other in existence. Therefore, none of them can precede the other in existence. Motion is a certain change. There are six types of movement, and in each of them there is a certain change. These six types are local, increase, decrease, change of state, becoming, and decay. The last two are essential, the others are accidental. Motion and &lt;a name="_Hlk195197547"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;body are necessarily connected. Time exists only with motion. The change that depends on motion is the one that counts the number of the duration of the body. In other words, change is the number of the duration of what changes. Motion is the one that counts the duration of what changes. What changes is the body. Time also depends on change and is a duration counted by motion. Every body has a duration. That is, there is existence of the body in duration. In other words, duration is that in which the existence of the body is. The duration of a body, which is the inseparable of a continuous body, is what is counted by the motion of the body, which is the inseparable of a continuous body. Therefore, body, motion and time are together in existence. The body is united from the substance, which is its genus, and from the long, wide, and deep, which are its distinctions. Accordingly, a body is something with three dimensions. It is not possible for an infinite body to exist. Therefore, motion and time are infinite only in potentiality. It is not possible for something to be infinite in actuality&lt;strong&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt;A body is a combination of two simple first substances, matter and form. Composition is a change of a non-compositional state and is a movement. Natural causes are either matter, form, efficient, or completeness. Matter is a passive power that is the subject for the predication of forms. A form is that by which a thing is that which it is as that which it is. In the dīnār, which is a thing, the matter is gold, and the form is the form of the dīnār, which is the dīnār in union with gold. Whether the thing is sensory or intellectual, it is its form that makes it that thing. The efficient is the maker of the dīnār who unites the form of the dīnār with gold. Completeness is that for which the maker unites the form of the dīnār with gold. In material substances, there are five things: matter, form, space, motion, and time. Matter and form are the principles from which everything exists. Like everything else, the four elements of hot, cold, wet and dry are of matter and form. These two principles are simple. The four elements are fire, air, water, and earth and are simple bodies. The first qualities for them are heat, coldness, wetness, and dryness. The first two are efficient. The other two are passive. The great power, heat, dominates fire and air. Coldness, the minor power, dominates earth and water. Again, the great power of dryness dominates fire and earth, which are fast in movement. Wetness, which is a minor force, dominates air and water, which are slow in movement. Heat is the efficient of lightness and coldness is the efficient of heaviness. Earth is the heaviest body. Fire is the lightest body. Water is heavier than air. The movements of these four elements are linear. Water and earth move towards the center, while fire and air move from the middle. Of the four elements, earth is the one with color. Because among the four elements, it is the earth that has density and lacks transparency. Therefore, in all that is generative and decaying, the formation of colors is through earthiness, which is a visual obstacle. Space, one of the five things, i.e. the five substances, is the boundaries of the body; it is the meeting of the two boundaries of the encompassing and the encompassed. Creation and destruction only occur under the moon&amp;rsquo;s sphere. Here there are the four elements of fire, air, water, and earth, and the things that are united from them. The sub-lunar celestial orb is a space for all these four elements and their compounds. Time is the number of the movement of the celestial orb. Time is also the time and duration of the body of the whole. The celestial orb is a body and is alive, sensitive and mobile. The celestial spheres are necessarily thinking, hearing and seeing. It is the proximate efficient cause of all that is formed and destroyed that the celestial sphere encompasses. The body of the celestial sphere, on the other hand, is not formed and corrupted, but was created out of nothing without anything. The celestial orb has none of the attributes of the elements, such as warmth, coldness, wetness, dryness, speediness, slowness, lightness, or heaviness. Therefore, it is neither light nor heavy, hot nor cold, wet nor dry. The celestial movement is circular as a terrestrial movement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82235</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1317-1359]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/113</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sahabî Abdullâh b. Ebî Evfâ ve Hadis Rivâyetindeki Yeri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Sahabî Abdullāh b. Abī ’Awfā and His Role in the Transmission of Hadīth]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hikmetullah ERTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, İbn Ebî Evfâ, İbn Sâ’id, Müsnedu ʿAbdillâh b. Ebî Evfâ, Rivâyet ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Ibn Abī ’Awfā, Ibn Sa'id, Musnad al-Abdillāh b. Abī Awfā, Narration.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışmamız gen&amp;ccedil; sahab&amp;icirc;lerden Abdull&amp;acirc;h b. Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;yı konu almakta, biyografisi, İbn S&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;id&amp;rsquo;in M&amp;uuml;snedu ʿAbdill&amp;acirc;h b. Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;sının tahlili, diğer riv&amp;acirc;yetleri temelinde hadis riv&amp;acirc;yetindeki yerine dair m&amp;uuml;tev&amp;acirc;zı değerlendirmelerimizi ihtiva etmektedir. İbn Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc; Hz. Peygamber ile birlikte pek &amp;ccedil;ok sefere katılmış Huneyn gazvesinde yaralanmış bir gazidir. Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in vefatı sonrası K&amp;ucirc;fe&amp;rsquo;ye yerleşmiştir. Eb&amp;ucirc; Han&amp;icirc;fe&amp;rsquo;nin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;, kendisinden hadis aktardığı sahab&amp;icirc;lerden olan Abdull&amp;acirc;h&amp;rsquo;tan &amp;ccedil;ok sayıda riv&amp;acirc;yet nakledilmiş, K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;b-i Sitte başta olmak &amp;uuml;zere hadis musennef&amp;acirc;tında ondan menk&amp;ucirc;l mebz&amp;ucirc;l miktarda riv&amp;acirc;yet vardır.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;İbn S&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;id (&amp;ouml;. 318/930) ise İbn Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc; riv&amp;acirc;yetlerine d&amp;acirc;ir M&amp;uuml;snedu ʿAbdill&amp;acirc;h b. Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc; adıyla m&amp;uuml;stakil bir &amp;ccedil;alışma yapmıştır. Araştırmamızın amacı mezk&amp;ucirc;r m&amp;uuml;sned ile birlikte onun b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n rivayetlerini, rivayetlerinin sıhhat ve tematik &amp;ouml;zellikleri vb hususiyetlerine muhtev&amp;icirc; bir &amp;ccedil;alışma yapmaktır. Bunun i&amp;ccedil;in ulaşılabildiğimiz kadarıyla hadis, tefsir, fıkıh, tarih, akaid, tabak&amp;acirc;t eserleri taranmış elde edilen veriler toplanmış analiz edilmiştir Araştırmamıza g&amp;ouml;re İbn Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;nın rivayetlerinin sayısı doksan iki olup İbn S&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;id&amp;rsquo;in naklettikleri ile beraber toplam y&amp;uuml;z sekizdir. Bu veri İbn Hazm, Makdis&amp;icirc; ve Ali Yardım&amp;rsquo;ın bu husustaki kanaatleri ile &amp;ouml;rt&amp;uuml;şmemektedir. Kronolojik olarak bakıldığında riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir kısmının musannef ve m&amp;uuml;sned t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; eserlerde yer aldığı en &amp;ccedil;ok rivayet edenlerin başında İbn Eb&amp;icirc; Şeybe ile Bezz&amp;acirc;r&amp;rsquo;ın geldiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;r. &amp;Ouml;te yandan İbn Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc; rivayetleri genellikle kavli hadislerden oluşmuştur. O, rivayetleri daha &amp;ccedil;ok &amp;ldquo;sem&amp;acirc;&amp;rdquo; ile almış ve aktarmış, bir kısmını ise &amp;ldquo;kit&amp;acirc;bet&amp;rdquo; ile nakletmiştir. Riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin yarıya yakını fıkh&amp;icirc; konular ile ilgili olup namaza d&amp;acirc;ir hadisler diğerlerine g&amp;ouml;re &amp;ccedil;oktur. Bunların bir kısmı Abdull&amp;acirc;h&amp;rsquo;ın uygulamaları diğer kısmı ise ona y&amp;ouml;neltilen sorulara Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e atıfta bulunarak verdiği cevaplardan oluşur. Bu durum Abdull&amp;acirc;h b. Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;nın f&amp;acirc;kih y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ile ilgili olmalıdır. Rivayetlerin sıhhat durumuna gelince, ondan menk&amp;ucirc;l riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin &amp;ccedil;oğu sahih olmakla birlikte sayıları azda olsa (tespitimize g&amp;ouml;re % 15 oranında) şed&amp;icirc;du&amp;rsquo;d-da&amp;rsquo;f/mevzu olarak değerlendirilen riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin bulunduğunu s&amp;ouml;ylemek gerekir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ccedil;alışmamız gen&amp;ccedil; sahab&amp;icirc;lerden Abdull&amp;acirc;h b. Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;yı konu almakta, biyografisi, İbn S&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;id&amp;rsquo;in M&amp;uuml;snedu ʿAbdill&amp;acirc;h b. Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;sının tahlili, diğer riv&amp;acirc;yetleri temelinde hadis riv&amp;acirc;yetindeki yerine dair m&amp;uuml;tev&amp;acirc;zı değerlendirmelerimizi ihtiva etmektedir. İbn Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc; Hz. Peygamber ile birlikte pek &amp;ccedil;ok sefere katılmış Huneyn gazvesinde yaralanmış bir gazidir. Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in vefatı sonrası K&amp;ucirc;fe&amp;rsquo;ye yerleşmiştir. Eb&amp;ucirc; Han&amp;icirc;fe&amp;rsquo;nin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;, kendisinden hadis aktardığı sahab&amp;icirc;lerden olan Abdull&amp;acirc;h&amp;rsquo;tan &amp;ccedil;ok sayıda riv&amp;acirc;yet nakledilmiş, K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;b-i Sitte başta olmak &amp;uuml;zere hadis musennef&amp;acirc;tında ondan menk&amp;ucirc;l mebz&amp;ucirc;l miktarda riv&amp;acirc;yet vardır.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;İbn S&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;id (&amp;ouml;. 318/930) ise İbn Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc; riv&amp;acirc;yetlerine d&amp;acirc;ir M&amp;uuml;snedu ʿAbdill&amp;acirc;h b. Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc; adıyla m&amp;uuml;stakil bir &amp;ccedil;alışma yapmıştır. Araştırmamızın amacı mezk&amp;ucirc;r m&amp;uuml;sned ile birlikte onun b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n rivayetlerini, rivayetlerinin sıhhat ve tematik &amp;ouml;zellikleri vb hususiyetlerine muhtev&amp;icirc; bir &amp;ccedil;alışma yapmaktır. Bunun i&amp;ccedil;in ulaşılabildiğimiz kadarıyla hadis, tefsir, fıkıh, tarih, akaid, tabak&amp;acirc;t eserleri taranmış elde edilen veriler toplanmış analiz edilmiştir Araştırmamıza g&amp;ouml;re İbn Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;nın rivayetlerinin sayısı doksan iki olup İbn S&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;id&amp;rsquo;in naklettikleri ile beraber toplam y&amp;uuml;z sekizdir. Bu veri İbn Hazm, Makdis&amp;icirc; ve Ali Yardım&amp;rsquo;ın bu husustaki kanaatleri ile &amp;ouml;rt&amp;uuml;şmemektedir. Kronolojik olarak bakıldığında riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir kısmının musannef ve m&amp;uuml;sned t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; eserlerde yer aldığı en &amp;ccedil;ok rivayet edenlerin başında İbn Eb&amp;icirc; Şeybe ile Bezz&amp;acirc;r&amp;rsquo;ın geldiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;r. &amp;Ouml;te yandan İbn Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc; rivayetleri genellikle kavli hadislerden oluşmuştur. O, rivayetleri daha &amp;ccedil;ok &amp;ldquo;sem&amp;acirc;&amp;rdquo; ile almış ve aktarmış, bir kısmını ise &amp;ldquo;kit&amp;acirc;bet&amp;rdquo; ile nakletmiştir. Riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin yarıya yakını fıkh&amp;icirc; konular ile ilgili olup namaza d&amp;acirc;ir hadisler diğerlerine g&amp;ouml;re &amp;ccedil;oktur. Bunların bir kısmı Abdull&amp;acirc;h&amp;rsquo;ın uygulamaları diğer kısmı ise ona y&amp;ouml;neltilen sorulara Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e atıfta bulunarak verdiği cevaplardan oluşur. Bu durum Abdull&amp;acirc;h b. Eb&amp;icirc; Evf&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;nın f&amp;acirc;kih y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ile ilgili olmalıdır. Rivayetlerin sıhhat durumuna gelince, ondan menk&amp;ucirc;l riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin &amp;ccedil;oğu sahih olmakla birlikte sayıları azda olsa (tespitimize g&amp;ouml;re % 15 oranında) şed&amp;icirc;du&amp;rsquo;d-da&amp;rsquo;f/mevzu olarak değerlendirilen riv&amp;acirc;yetlerin bulunduğunu s&amp;ouml;ylemek gerekir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Our study is about &amp;lsquo;Abdullāh b. Abī &amp;rsquo;Awfā, one of the young Companions, and includes his biography, the analysis of Ibn Sā'id's Musnān al-Musnad, and our modest evaluations of his place in hadīth narration on the basis of his other narrations. Ibn Abī Awfā was a veteran who participated in many expeditions with the Prophet and was wounded in the Battle of Hunayn. He lived a long life, settled in Kufa after the Prophet's death. Many narrations were transmitted from &amp;lsquo;Abdullāh, who was one of the Companions whom Abū Hanīfa met and from whom he narrated hadīth, and there are a great number of narrations from him in the hadīth collections, especially in the Qutub al-Sitta. Ibn Sā'id (d. 318/930), on the other hand, made an independent study of Ibn Abī Awfā's narrations under the title Musnad al-Musnad al-Abdillāh b. Abī Awfā. In the work written by Ibn Sa'id, sixteen narrations are narrated from ten of &amp;lsquo;Abdullāh's students. Ibn Sa'id collected hadiths regardless of health, collected as much as he could reach. According to our research, the number of Ibn Abī Awfā's narrations is ninety-two and the total number of Ibn Sa'id's narrations is one hundred and eight. This data does not coincide with the opinions of Ibn Hazm, al-Maqdisī and Ali Yardim. A chronological analysis reveals the fact that most of the narrations were included in the musannaf and musnad, with Ibn Abi Shaybah and Bezzār being the most prominent narrators. On the other hand, Ibn Abī Awfā's narrations are generally composed of categorical hadiths. He received and transmitted the narrations mostly by &amp;lsquo;sema&amp;rsquo; and preferred the way of &amp;lsquo;scripture&amp;rsquo; in the transmission of some of the narrations. About half of the narrations are related to jurisprudence and the hadiths on prayer are more numerous than the others. Some of them consist of &amp;lsquo;Abdullāh's practices and some of them consist of his answers to questions addressed to him with reference to the Prophet. This situation must be related to &amp;lsquo;Abdullāh b. Abī &amp;rsquo;Awfā's intellectual aspect. As for the authenticity of the narrations, although most of the narrations narrated from him are sahih, it must be said that there are a small number of narrations (15% according to our determination) that are considered as shadīd al-da'f/mawz&amp;uacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82192</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1913-1933]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/114</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Osmanlı İlim Hayatına Katkı: Hamidiye Kütüphanesi ve Enderunlu Lala İsmail Efendi’nin Rolü]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Contribution to Ottoman Scientific Life: Hamidiye Library and the Role of Lala İsmail Efendi of Enderunlu]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Tahsin HAZIRBULAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tarih, I. Abdülhamid, Hamidiye Kütüphanesi, Lala İsmail Efendi, Kitap Vakfı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History, Abdülhamid I, Hamidiye Library, Lala İsmail Efendi, Book Foundation]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Osmanlı İmparatorluğu&amp;rsquo;nda k&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phane vakıfları, ilim ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r hayatının gelişiminde &amp;ouml;nemli rol oynamıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Sultan I. Abd&amp;uuml;lhamid tarafından İstanbul Bah&amp;ccedil;ekapı&amp;rsquo;da kurulan Hamidiye K&amp;uuml;lliyesi b&amp;uuml;nyesindeki k&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phaneyi ve Lala İsmail Efendi&amp;rsquo;nin bu k&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phaneye katkılarını incelemektedir. 1780 (H. 1194) yılında tamamlanan k&amp;uuml;lliyenin vakfiyesi 1781&amp;rsquo;de d&amp;uuml;zenlenmiştir. Hamidiye K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phanesi, bazı kaynaklarda padişahlar tarafından cami dışında m&amp;uuml;stakil binada tesis edilen ilk k&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phane olarak kabul edilmektedir. Koleksiyonunda, I. Abd&amp;uuml;lhamid&amp;rsquo;in vakıf m&amp;uuml;hr&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; taşıyan 1.504 yazma ve 48 basma eser bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmamızın diğer bir odak noktası olan Lala İsmail Efendi, Enderun teşkilatında g&amp;ouml;rev yapmış ve Sultan I. Abd&amp;uuml;lhamid&amp;rsquo;in oğlu Şehzade Mehmed&amp;rsquo;e lalalık vazifesini &amp;uuml;stlenmiştir. Hayatı hakkında detaylı bilgi bulunmayan İsmail Efendi, vefatından &amp;ouml;nce 1784 (H. 1199) yılında d&amp;uuml;zenlediği vakfiye ile Hamidiye K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phanesi&amp;rsquo;ne kitap bağışlamış ve koleksiyonun zenginleşmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, arşiv belgeleri ve konuyla ilgili araştırma eserleri ışığında, Hamidiye K&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phanesi&amp;rsquo;nin kuruluşu ve işleyişini incelerken, Lala İsmail Efendi&amp;rsquo;nin hayatını, k&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;phaneye yaptığı vakfın mahiyetini, kitap vakıflarını ve Osmanlı k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r hayatındaki yerini değerlendirmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Library foundations played an important role in the development of scientific and cultural life in the Ottoman Empire. This study analyses the library within the Hamidiye Complex founded by Sultan Abd&amp;uuml;lhamid I in Bah&amp;ccedil;ekapı, Istanbul and the contributions of Lala İsmail Efendi to this library. Completed in 1780 (H. 1194), the foundation of the complex was issued in 1781. The Hamidiye Library is considered by some sources to be the first library established by the sultans in an independent building outside the mosque. In its collection, 1,504 manuscripts and 48 printed works bearing the foundation seal of Abd&amp;uuml;lhamid I were identified. Lala İsmail Efendi, another focal point of our research, served in the Enderun organisation and served as a squire to Sultan Abd&amp;uuml;lhamid I&amp;rsquo;s son, Prince Mehmed. İsmail Efendi, about whose life there is no detailed information, donated books to the Hamidiye Library with a waqfiye he organised in 1784 (H. 1199) before his death and contributed to the enrichment of the collection. This study, in the light of archival documents and research works on the subject, aims to examine the establishment and functioning of the Hamidiye Library and to evaluate the life of Lala İsmail Efendi, the nature of his endowment to the library, book foundations and their place in Ottoman cultural life. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82150</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1115-1137]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/115</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Alim Bir Kadın: Fâtıma Binti Abbas ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Scholar Woman: Fatima Binti Abbas]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Meliha KÖSE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mohammed Fadıl HASAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kadın Tarihi, Fâtıma binti Abbas, Ribatü’l-Bağdadiyye, Kadın Alim, Ribat, Şeyha]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Women’s History, Fatima bint Abbas, Ribat al-Baghdadiyya, Female Scholar, Ribat, Sheikha]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Literat&amp;uuml;r taraması &amp;uuml;zerinden y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;len&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı, Orta&amp;ccedil;ağ İsl&amp;acirc;m d&amp;uuml;nyasında kadınların ilim sahasında geldiği noktayı g&amp;ouml;steren ve&amp;nbsp; kadınlara &amp;ouml;rneklik teşkil eden F&amp;acirc;tıma binti Abbas&amp;rsquo;ı ele almaktır. Hicr&amp;icirc; yedinci y&amp;uuml;zyılda Bağdat&amp;rsquo;ta doğduğu kabul edilen F&amp;acirc;tıma binti Abbas&amp;rsquo;ın itibarlı bir aileye mensup olduğu d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Kaynaklarda &amp;Uuml;mm&amp;uuml; Zeyneb F&amp;acirc;tıma binti Abbas bin Ebi&amp;rsquo;l-Feth bin Muhammed el-Bağdadiyye ismiyle bahsedilmektedir. İlim tahsili i&amp;ccedil;in gen&amp;ccedil; yaşta Şam&amp;rsquo;a gitmiş ve sonrasında Mısır&amp;rsquo;a ge&amp;ccedil;miştir. Hanbel&amp;icirc; mezhebine mensup, &amp;acirc;lim, vaiz, m&amp;uuml;ft&amp;uuml; ve fakihdir.İbn Teymiyye ve Şemseddin bin Eb&amp;icirc; &amp;Ouml;mer el Makdis&amp;icirc; gibi alimlerden dersler almıştır. G&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; zek&amp;acirc;sı ve hafızasıyla, &amp;ouml;zellikle İbni Teymiyye&amp;rsquo;nin &amp;ouml;vg&amp;uuml;lerine ve hayranlığına mazhar olmuştur. F&amp;acirc;tıma binti Abbas, d&amp;ouml;nemin kaynaklarında &amp;ldquo;zamanının kadınlarının en &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;&amp;rdquo; olarak anılmıştır. İyiliği emreden, k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; nehyeden, cesur, &amp;acirc;bid, zahid ve hayırsever bir kadındır. Edindiği bilgi birikimiyle hem Şam&amp;rsquo;da hem de Kahire&amp;rsquo;de &amp;ccedil;ok sayıda kadının eğitimine katkıda bulunmuştur. Toplumsal alandaki en &amp;ouml;nemli katkılarından biri, Kahire&amp;rsquo;de Sultan Baybars&amp;rsquo;ın kızı Tidk&amp;acirc;r Bay Hatun tarafından onun adına inşa edilen ve şeyhalığını yaptığı &amp;ldquo;Ribat&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Bağdadiyye&amp;rdquo;de, kimsesiz ve aciz kadınlara sahip &amp;ccedil;ıkmasıdır. İhtiya&amp;ccedil; sahibi kadınların eğitilmesine ve topluma yeniden kazandırılmasına &amp;ccedil;aba g&amp;ouml;stermiştir. M&amp;uuml;tevazi bir hayat yaşayan F&amp;acirc;tıma binti Abbas, d&amp;ouml;neminde herhangi bir siyasi g&amp;ouml;rev almamış, yaptığı eğitim, irşad ve ahlaki ıslah &amp;ccedil;alışmalarıyla toplumu derinden etkilemiştir. Zamanının &amp;ccedil;ok &amp;ouml;tesinde toplumsal bir liderlik &amp;ouml;rneği g&amp;ouml;stermiştir. Seksenli yaşlarında iken Hicri 714&amp;rsquo;de Zilhicce ayında (Miladi 1314), Kahire&amp;rsquo;nin Z&amp;acirc;hir semtinde vefat etmiştir. Cenaze t&amp;ouml;renine b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir kalabalık katılmıştır. Cenaze t&amp;ouml;renindeki bu kalabalık, onun toplum i&amp;ccedil;indeki saygınlığını ve itibarını da g&amp;ouml;stermektedir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;The aim of this study, which is based on a literature review, is to examine Fatima binti Abbas, who is an example to women in the field of science in the medieval Islamic world. It is thought that Fātima bint Abbas, who was born in Baghdad in the seventh century of the Hijra, belonged to a prestigious family. She is also mentioned in the sources as Umm Zaynab Fātima bint Abbas bin Abi'l-Fath bin Muhammad al-Bagdadiyya. She went to Damascus at a young age to study and later moved to Egypt. She was a scholar, preacher, mufti and jurist who belonged to the Hanbalite sect. She took lessons from scholars such as Ibn Taymiyya and Shams al-Din ibn Ab&amp;icirc; Umar al-Maqdis&amp;icirc;. She was especially praised and admired by Ibn Taymiyya for her strong intellect and memory. Fātima bint Abbas was referred to as &amp;ldquo;the greatest of the women of her time&amp;rdquo; in the sources. She was a brave, devout, ascetic and charitable woman who enjoined good deeds and forbade immorality. With her knowledge, she contributed to the education of many women both in Damascus and Cairo. One of her most important contributions in the social sphere was to take care of orphaned and helpless women in the &amp;ldquo;Ribat al-Bagdadiyya&amp;rdquo;, which was built in her name by Tidk&amp;acirc;r Bay Khatun, the daughter of Sultan Baybars, in Cairo. She made efforts to educate women in need and to reintegrate them into society. Fātima bint Abbas, who lived a modest life, did not hold any political office in her time, but she deeply influenced society with her education, guidance and moral reform activities. She became an example of social leadership far beyond her time. She died in the Zahir district of Cairo in 1314 AD when she was in her eighties. A large crowd attended her funeral. The crowd at the funeral also showed her prestige and reputation in the community.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82136</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[235-247]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/116</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Faiz Yasağının Normatif Çerçevesi: Yahudi ve Hanefî Geleneklerde İç-Dış Ayrımı ve Modern Finansal Etkileri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Normative Framework of the Prohibition of Interest: Internal–External Distinctions and Modern Financial Implications in Jewish and Ḥanafī Traditions]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet KAVUT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukuku, Ribâ, Heter İska, Hanefî Fıkhı, Halakha, İkili Etik, Hukukî Kurgu, Finansal Teoloji, Karşılaştırmalı Hukuk.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslamic Law, Ribā, Heter İska, Ḥanafī Jurisprudence, Halakha, Dual Ethics, Legal Fiction, Financial Theology, Comparative Law.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Faiz, Mezopotamya&amp;rsquo;dan g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze dek uzanan tarihsel s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te, ekonomi ile din arasındaki etkileşimin merkezinde yer almıştır. Faiz, &amp;ouml;zellikle Yahudi geleneğinde &amp;ldquo;kardeşe yasak, yabancıya serbest&amp;rdquo; ilkesiyle şekillenen ikili etik standardı sayesinde, hem i&amp;ccedil; toplumsal dayanışmayı teşvik eden hem de dış ekonomik ilişkilerde rekabet avantajı sağlayan &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n bir kurumsal &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;eve sunmuştur. Ancak bu modelin Orta &amp;Ccedil;ağ Avrupa kredi piyasalarındaki rol&amp;uuml; ile modern finans etiğine etkileri, literat&amp;uuml;rde b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l bir yaklaşımla hen&amp;uuml;z kapsamlı bi&amp;ccedil;imde ele alınmamıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Tevrat&amp;rsquo;ta temellenen ikili faiz yasağının tarihsel gelişimini ortaya koymayı; Talmud sonrası d&amp;ouml;nemde geliştirilen heter iska form&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml; aracılığıyla s&amp;ouml;z konusu yasağın nasıl işlevsel bi&amp;ccedil;imde aşıldığının a&amp;ccedil;ıklanmasını; Orta &amp;Ccedil;ağ Avrupa&amp;rsquo;sında faiz (interest) ile aşırı faiz (usury) ayrımının ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkışında Yahudi finansal pratiğinin etkisini analiz etmeyi ve nihayet, bu mirasın modern d&amp;ouml;nemdeki sek&amp;uuml;ler faiz politikaları ile diaspora topluluklarındaki faizsiz bor&amp;ccedil; uygulamalarına nasıl yansıdığını karşılaştırmalı bi&amp;ccedil;imde tartışmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi olarak kutsal metin analizi, klasik halakha metin taraması ve sosyo-ekonomik ikincil literat&amp;uuml;r incelemesi benimsenmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada kullanılan veriler, tarihsel faiz oranları, dini-hukuki kaynaklardan elde edilen bilgiler ve finansal kurum &amp;ouml;rnekleri &amp;uuml;zerinden derlenmiş ve i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi yoluyla değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, ikili faiz yasağının Yahudilik yapısında ekonomik dayanışmayı g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirdiğini; buna karşın, dış gruplarla ekonomik ilişkilerde rekabet&amp;ccedil;i bir ara&amp;ccedil; olarak kullanıldığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Heter iska form&amp;uuml;lasyonu, faiz yasağını ihlal etmeksizin k&amp;acirc;r-zarar ortaklığı &amp;uuml;zerinden sermaye yatırımı yapılmasına imk&amp;acirc;n sağlayarak, halakha normları korurken ekonomik işlemleri m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n kılmıştır. Orta &amp;Ccedil;ağ&amp;rsquo;da Katolik kilisesinin uyguladığı mutlak faiz yasağının zamanla interest ve usury ayrımı ile esnetildiği ve bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te Yahudi kredi pratiklerinin hem antisemitik s&amp;ouml;ylemleri hem de meşru faiz &amp;ouml;ğretilerinin evrimini etkilediği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Modern d&amp;ouml;nemde İsrail Devleti&amp;rsquo;nin merkez&amp;icirc; faiz politikaları, tarihsel ikili standardın etkisini kamusal d&amp;uuml;zeyde sınırlarken; diaspora topluluklarında faaliyet g&amp;ouml;steren Hebrew Free Loan Society gibi kurumlar, faizsiz bor&amp;ccedil; verme geleneğini s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;rmektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, ikili etik standardın arkasındaki kurucu mantık, din&amp;icirc; yasakların katılığı ile ekonomik ihtiya&amp;ccedil;lar arasındaki gerilimi hukuk&amp;icirc; mek&amp;acirc;sıd d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nceleriyle dengeleyen tarihsel stratejiler geliştirmiştir. Bu durum, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde İsl&amp;acirc;m fıkhında rib&amp;acirc; yasağı ekseninde geliştirilen katılım bankacılığı modelleriyle yapısal benzerlikler taşımakta ve karşılaştırmalı finans etiği literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ne &amp;ouml;nemli katkılar sunmaktadır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The concept of interest has occupied a central position in the historical interaction between economy and religion from Mesopotamia to the present. Particularly in the Jewish tradition, the ethical dichotomy of &amp;ldquo;forbidden to the brother, permitted to the stranger&amp;rdquo; shaped a dual moral standard that provided a unique institutional framework&amp;mdash;one that fostered internal social solidarity while offering a competitive advantage in external economic relations. However, the role of this model in medieval European credit markets and its influence on modern financial ethics has not yet been comprehensively addressed in the literature. This study aims to trace the historical development of the dual prohibition of interest rooted in the Torah; to explain how this prohibition was functionally circumvented through the post-Talmudic &lt;em&gt;heter iska&lt;/em&gt; formula; to analyze the impact of Jewish financial practices on the emergence of the interest&amp;ndash;usury distinction in medieval Europe; and finally, to comparatively examine how this legacy is reflected in modern secular interest policies and the interest-free lending practices of Jewish diaspora communities. The methodology combines textual analysis of sacred scriptures, classical Halakhic texts, and a review of socio-economic secondary literature. The data are drawn from historical interest rates, religious-legal sources, and examples of financial institutions, and are assessed through content analysis. Findings indicate that the dual prohibition strengthened intra-communal economic solidarity in Jewish society, while functioning as a competitive instrument in external financial dealings. The &lt;em&gt;heter iska&lt;/em&gt; mechanism enabled capital investment through profit&amp;ndash;loss partnerships without violating Halakhic norms. It is further observed that the Catholic Church&amp;rsquo;s absolute prohibition of interest was eventually relaxed through the interest&amp;ndash;usury distinction, with Jewish credit practices influencing both anti-Semitic discourse and the evolution of legitimate interest doctrines. In the modern era, while Israel&amp;rsquo;s centralized interest policies have limited the normative effect of the dual standard at the public level, institutions such as the Hebrew Free Loan Society continue to uphold the tradition of interest-free lending in diaspora communities. Ultimately, the underlying logic of the dual ethical standard reflects historical strategies that mediate the tension between strict religious prohibitions and economic necessity through legal objectives (&lt;em&gt;maqāṣid&lt;/em&gt;). This structure bears striking resemblance to Islamic finance models, particularly participation banking systems, and offers significant contributions to the literature on comparative financial ethics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82133</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[525-539]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/117</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Eskatolojinin Siyasal Okunuşu / Sekülerin Kutsanması ya da Bir Çelişkinin Teolojik İfadesi Olarak Katechon]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Political Reading of Eschatology / The Sanctification of the Secular or the Katechon as the Theological Expression of a Contradiction]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ayhan ÖZTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Felsefe, Carl Schmitt, teoloji, siyasal, katechon. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy, Carl Schmitt, theology, political, katechon. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;z:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; Filozoflar d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerini &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla bazı &amp;ouml;zel kavramlar &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde şekillendirirler. Ge&amp;ccedil;tiğimiz y&amp;uuml;zyılda Almanya&amp;rsquo;nın yetiştirdiği &amp;ouml;nemli d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;rlerden birisi olan Carl Schmitt&amp;rsquo;in (1888-1985) d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerinin merkezindeki kavram da &amp;ldquo;katechon&amp;rdquo;dur. Bu, onun teolojiden siyaset felsefesine taşıdığı bir kavramdır. Katechon, onun metinlerinde sık&amp;ccedil;a karşılaştığımız bir s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;k değildir. Bununla birlikte Schmitt, araştırmalarında ve kendi d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce d&amp;uuml;nyasında kavramın olduk&amp;ccedil;a uzun bir ge&amp;ccedil;mişe sahip olduğundan s&amp;ouml;z eder. O, bu s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n, bir Hristiyan olarak tarihi anlamanın ve anlamlı bulmanın tek olasılığı olduğunu s&amp;ouml;ylemekte, orijinal Hristiyan inancı i&amp;ccedil;in katechondan başka tarihsel bir kavramın olmadığını iddia etmektedir. Schmitt, bazı a&amp;ccedil;ıklamalarında s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n kendi d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce d&amp;uuml;nyasındaki merkezi konumuyla ilgili ifadeler de kullanmaktadır. Metinlerinde &amp;ccedil;ok sık rastlamasak da s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n onun siyaset felsefesindeki bir t&amp;uuml;r i&amp;ccedil;kinliğinden s&amp;ouml;z etmek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. Schmitt&amp;rsquo;in siyaset felsefesi, teoloji ve siyasal arasında kurmuş olduğu ilişkiye dayanmaktadır. Bu ilişkilendirme, iki alanın temel kavramları arasında var olduğunu d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; sosyolojik paralellik &amp;uuml;zerine kurulur. Eskatoloji ile ilgili bir s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;k olan katechonun konumu, teolojik a&amp;ccedil;ıdan olduğu kadar Schmitt&amp;rsquo;in d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerinin analizi a&amp;ccedil;ısından da &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. Schmitt, kavramı siyasal bağlamda okumakta ve farklı kişi ve kurumlarla ilişkilendirmektedir. Bu ilişkilendirmeler, Schmitt&amp;rsquo;in s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;ğe y&amp;uuml;klediği anlam &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesindedir. Tarihsel s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;ğe farklı anlamlar y&amp;uuml;klendiği i&amp;ccedil;in, Schmitt ilişkilendirmeleri, Tertullian&amp;rsquo;ın yorumundan hareketle geliştirmiş olduğu anlam ve misyon bağlamında yapmaktadır. Schmitt, hukuk&amp;ccedil;u kimliğinin yanında bir siyaset felsefecisidir; teoloji ve siyasal arasında kurduğu ilişkide siyasal tarafındadır. O, teolojik tartışmalara girmez; onun i&amp;ccedil;in teoloji, siyasalı anlamlandırmada atıf yapabileceği materyale sahiptir. Varoluş&amp;ccedil;u d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nceye sahip Schmitt, s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;ğe y&amp;uuml;klenen farklı anlamlardan Tertullian&amp;rsquo;ın yorumunu tercih eder; zira bu yorum, somutlaştırıcı karar ihtiva etmesi nedeniyle Schmitt&amp;ccedil;i siyasi d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce ile paralellik arz etmektedir. Bu okuma şekli, teoloji-siyasal ilişkilendirmesinde Schmitt&amp;rsquo;in siyasalı &amp;ouml;nceleyen d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesiyle uygunluk arz etmektedir. Diğer taraftan siyasal i&amp;ccedil;in teolojiden &amp;ouml;d&amp;uuml;n&amp;ccedil; aldığı bu s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;k, yaptığı ilişkilendirmeler ve y&amp;uuml;klediği anlamlar nedeniyle, birtakım &amp;ccedil;elişki ve teolojik problemi de i&amp;ccedil;ermektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, Schmitt&amp;rsquo;in katechon kavramına y&amp;uuml;klediği anlamlar analitik bir yaklaşımla incelenerek, siyasal-teolojik ilişkide ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan kuramsal sorunlar değerlendirilmektedir. &lt;span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;h2 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk197618106"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Abstract: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk197618106;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Philosophers usually shape their thoughts around some special concepts. The concept at the center of the thoughts of Carl Schmitt (1888-1985), one of the important thinkers raised in Germany in the last century, is the &amp;ldquo;katechon&amp;rdquo;. This is a concept that he carried from theology to political philosophy. Katechon is not a word that we encounter frequently in his texts. However, Schmitt mentions that the concept has a very long history in his research and in his own world of thought. He says that this word is the only possibility of understanding and finding meaning in history as a Christian, and claims that there is no other historical concept other than katechon for the original Christian faith. In some of his explanations, Schmitt also uses expressions regarding the central position of the word in his world of thought. Although we do not come across it very often in his texts, it is possible to talk about a kind of immanence of the word in his political philosophy. Because Schmitt&amp;rsquo;s political philosophy is based on the relationship he established between theology and politics. This association is based on the sociological parallelism that he thinks exists between the basic concepts of the two fields. The position of katechon, a word related to eschatology, is important from a theological perspective as well as from the analysis of Schmitt&amp;rsquo;s thoughts. Schmitt reads the concept in a political context and associates it with different people and institutions. These associations are shaped within the meaning that Schmitt attributes to the word. Since different meanings have been attributed to the word throughout history, Schmitt makes the associations in the context of the meaning and mission he developed based on Tertullian&amp;rsquo;s interpretation. Schmitt is a political philosopher as well as a jurist; he is on the political side in the relationship he establishes between theology and politics. He does not enter into theological discussions; for him, theology has material that he can refer to in making sense of the political. Schmitt, who has an existential idea, prefers Tertullian&amp;rsquo;s interpretation among the different meanings attributed to the word; because this interpretation is parallel to Schmittian political thought because it contains a concretizing decision. This way of reading is in line with Schmitt&amp;rsquo;s thought that prioritizes the political in his theology-politics association. On the other hand, this word borrowed from theology for the political also contains some contradictions and theological problems due to the associations it makes and the meanings it imposes. In this study, the meanings that Schmitt attributes to the concept of katechon are examined with an analytical approach and the theoretical problems that arise in the political-theological relationship are evaluated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82131</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1361-1376]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/118</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hatip eş-Şirbîni’nin Teâdül ve Tercih Konularına Yaklaşımı ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Approach of Khatîb al-Shirbînî to the Issues of Exchange and Preference]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İsmail NARİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammet Abdullah SEYDAOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam hukuku, Hatîb eş-Şirbînî, Teâdül, Tercih, Şâfi mezhebi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic law, Khatîb al-Shirbînî, Ta‘âdul, Tarjîh, Shâfiʿî sect.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu makale, İslam hukukunda &amp;ouml;nemli bir yere sahip olan te&amp;acirc;d&amp;uuml;l ve tercih kavramlarını Hat&amp;icirc;b eş-Şirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri doğrultusunda incelemektedir. Bu konunun ele alınması İslam hukukunun temel meselelerinden biri olan delillerin değerlendirilmesi ve h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin &amp;ouml;nceliklendirilmesi meselesine &amp;ouml;nemli bir katkı sunmaktadır. Bu kavramdan biri olan te&amp;acirc;d&amp;uuml;l, iki delilin eşit olması durumunu ifade ederken; tercih, bu eşitlik durumunda bir delilin diğerine &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml;n kılınması s&amp;uuml;recidir. Hat&amp;icirc;b eş-Şirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc;, bu kavramları &amp;ouml;zellikle fıkıh usul&amp;uuml; bağlamında detaylı bir şekilde analiz etmiş ve delillerin değerlendirilmesi, &amp;ccedil;elişkilerin &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; ve h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin uygulanması i&amp;ccedil;in sistematik y&amp;ouml;ntemler geliştirmiştir. Şirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc;, te&amp;acirc;d&amp;uuml;l durumlarında delillerin sahihliğini ve uygulanabilirliğini değerlendirirken; tercih s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde ravilerin g&amp;uuml;venilirliği, metinlerin i&amp;ccedil;eriği, illetlerin g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml; ve delillerin tarihi gibi fakt&amp;ouml;rlere &amp;ouml;nem vermiştir. Şirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin bu yaklaşımı, İslam hukukunda adalet, denge ve tutarlılığı &amp;ouml;n plana &amp;ccedil;ıkaran bir y&amp;ouml;ntem sunar. Ayrıca onun g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri, delillerin &amp;ccedil;eliştiği durumlarda uygulanabilecek y&amp;ouml;ntemler ve İslam hukukuna katkıları a&amp;ccedil;ısından hem teorik hem de pratik bir rehber niteliğindedir. Onun te&amp;acirc;d&amp;uuml;l kavramına dair derinlemesine değerlendirmeleri, zann&amp;icirc; ve kat&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc; delillerin ayrımını vurgulamakla birlikte, &amp;ccedil;elişkilerin uzlaştırılması veya tercihin hangi şartlarda yapılabileceği hususunda &amp;ouml;nemli ilkeler ortaya koymaktadır. Makale, bu bağlamda Şirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin İslam hukukuna olan katkılarını detaylı bir şekilde tartışmaktadır. Onun eserleri, yalnızca kendi d&amp;ouml;nemindeki ilmi tartışmalara değil, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zdeki fıkıh &amp;ccedil;alışmaları i&amp;ccedil;in de değerli bir kaynak niteliğindedir. Bu bağlamda, Şirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri, İslam hukukunun evrensel prensiplerinin anlaşılmasında ve uygulanmasında yol g&amp;ouml;sterici bir rehber olarak değerlendirilebilir.&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This article examines the concepts of ta&amp;lsquo;&amp;acirc;dul and tarj&amp;icirc;h, which hold a significant place in Islamic law, through the perspectives of Khat&amp;icirc;b al-Shirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc;. Addressing this topic contributes substantially to the fundamental issue of evaluating evidences in Islamic jurisprudence. Ta&amp;lsquo;&amp;acirc;dul refers to the state of equality between two pieces of evidence, while tarj&amp;icirc;h denotes the process of favoring one piece of evidence over another in such a situation of equality. Khat&amp;icirc;b al-Shirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc; extensively analyzed these concepts within the framework of us&amp;ucirc;l al-fiqh and developed systematic methodologies for evaluating evidences, resolving contradictions, and applying rulings. In situations of ta&amp;lsquo;&amp;acirc;dul, al-Shirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc; assessed the validity and applicability of evidences. During the tarj&amp;icirc;h processes, he prioritized factors such as the reliability of narrators, the content of texts, the strength of underlying causes, and the historical precedence of evidences. His approach offers a method that emphasizes justice, ta&amp;lsquo;&amp;acirc;dul and tarj&amp;icirc;h, and consistency in Islamic law. Furthermore, his perspectives serve as both a theoretical and practical guide for addressing situations where evidences conflict and for understanding their implications for Islamic jurisprudence. Al-Shirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s in-depth analysis of the concept of ta&amp;lsquo;&amp;acirc;dul underscores the distinction between speculative (zann&amp;icirc;) and definitive (qat&amp;rsquo;&amp;icirc;) evidences. Additionally, he established significant principles regarding the reconciliation of contradictions or the conditions under which tarj&amp;icirc;h can be made. This article thoroughly discusses al-Shirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s contributions to Islamic law in this context. His works not only influenced scholarly debates during his time but also continue to be a valuable resource for contemporary studies in Islamic jurisprudence. Thus, al-Shirb&amp;icirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s views can be regarded as a guiding framework for understanding and applying the universal principles of Islamic law.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=82059</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2145-2162]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/119</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[1960-1980 Döneminde Türkiye'de Din-Devlet İlişkileri ve Siyasi Partilerin Din Politikaları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Religion-State Relations and Religious Policies of Political Parties in Turkey in the 1960-1980 Period]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hüseyin ARSLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din, Laiklik, MSP, CHP, MHP]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religion, Secularism, MSP, CHP, MHP]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;1960-1980 d&amp;ouml;nemi, T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de din-devlet ilişkileri ve siyasi partilerin din politikalarının yoğun olarak tartışıldığı bir d&amp;ouml;nemdir. 1960 darbesi ve 1961 Anayasası, bazı y&amp;ouml;nleriyle &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml; bir &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;eve sunsa da T&amp;uuml;rk Ceza Kanunu&amp;rsquo;nun 141, 142 ve 163. maddeleri fikir ve inan&amp;ccedil; &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;klerini sınırlandırmıştır. Milli Birlik Komitesi d&amp;ouml;neminde, dinin devlet politikalarındaki yeri tartışmalı bir konu olmuştur. MBK, dinin siyasi bir ara&amp;ccedil; olarak kullanılmasına karşı &amp;ccedil;ıkmış ve dini "saf ve lekesiz" tutma amacını benimsediğini iddia etmiştir. Ancak bu d&amp;ouml;nemde dinin toplumsal hayattaki etkisi tamamen g&amp;ouml;z ardı edilmemiş, hatta bazı subaylar tarafından dinin milli birliğin sağlanmasında &amp;ouml;nemli bir rol oynadığı vurgulanmıştır. 1961-1971 yıllarında koalisyon h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;metleri, din eğitimi ve Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı&amp;rsquo;nın rol&amp;uuml; &amp;uuml;zerinde durmuş, imam hatip okullarının kapatılması veya artırılması gibi konular tartışılmıştır. Bu d&amp;ouml;nemde AP ve CHP gibi partiler, din eğitimi ve Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı&amp;rsquo;nın rol&amp;uuml; &amp;uuml;zerinde durmuşlardır. İsmet İn&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; ve S&amp;uuml;leyman Demirel gibi liderler, dinin siyasete alet edilmemesi gerektiğini vurgularken, aynı zamanda "aydın din adamları" adı altında devlet nezdinde makbul M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man yetiştirme hedefini benimsemişlerdir. 1971-1980 d&amp;ouml;neminde ise askeri m&amp;uuml;dahaleler ve koalisyon h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;metleri, din eğitimine y&amp;ouml;nelik adımlar atmış, &amp;ouml;zellikle CHP-MSP koalisyonu imam hatip okullarının orta kısımlarını a&amp;ccedil;mış ve imamlara kadro tahsisi sağlanmıştır. Milliyet&amp;ccedil;i Cephe h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;metleri d&amp;ouml;neminde din, milli birliğin korunmasında &amp;ouml;nemli bir ara&amp;ccedil; olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;ş, ancak dinin siyasete alet edilmesi riski de artmıştır. Bu d&amp;ouml;nem, laiklik ile dini değerler arasında denge arayışının yoğun yaşandığı bir s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil; olmuştur.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;The 1960-1980 period was a period of intense debate on religion-state relations and the religious policies of political parties in Turkey. Although the 1960 coup d'&amp;eacute;tat and the 1961 Constitution provided a libertarian framework in some aspects, Articles 141, 142 and 163 of the Turkish Penal Code restricted freedoms of thought and belief. During the period of the National Unity Committee, the place of religion in state policies was a controversial issue. The MBK opposed the use of religion as a political tool and claimed to have adopted the aim of keeping religion &amp;ldquo;pure and untainted&amp;rdquo;. Between 1961 and 1971, coalition governments emphasized religious education and the role of the Presidency of Religious Affairs, and issues such as the closure or increase of imam hatip schools were discussed. In the 1971-1980 period, military interventions and coalition governments took steps towards religious education, especially the CHP-MSP coalition opened the middle sections of imam hatip schools and allocated staff for imams. During the period of the Nationalist Front governments, religion was seen as an important tool for the protection of national unity, but the risk of religion being used for politics increased. This period was characterized by an intense search for a balance between secularism and religious values.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81871</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[775-796]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/120</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
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      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Birleşik Krallık’ta Alevilerin İç ve Dış Mekânlardaki İnanç Algısına Dair Semboller]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Symbols Regarding the Perception of Faith in Indoor and Outdoor Spaces of Alevis in the United Kingdom]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yavuz ÇOBANOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Alevilik, Alevilikte Semboller, Kültürel Kimlik, Birleşik Krallık, Mekânın Sembolizmi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Alevism, Symbols in Alevism, Cultural Identity, United Kingdom, The Symbolism of Space]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; mso-hyphenate: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;"&gt;K&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rler, sembollerin vitrinleridir. Her k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r, bağlı olduğu topluluğun somut veya soyut t&amp;uuml;m sembollerinin taşıyıcısıdır. Burada semboller, zamanla toplumsal anlamların saklı olduğu k&amp;uuml;meler haline gelirler. Bununla birlikte g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;nt&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n artık her t&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml; anlamın &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne ge&amp;ccedil;tiği bir d&amp;uuml;nyada yaşıyoruz. B&amp;ouml;ylesi bir d&amp;uuml;nyada semboller, kolektif k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel kimlikler i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ldquo;g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r olmanın&amp;rdquo; da ilk şartıdır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle anavatanlarından uzakta &amp;ldquo;azınlık&amp;rdquo; olarak yaşayan k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel topluluklar i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ldquo;g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;r olmak&amp;rdquo; artık sadece meşruiyet değil, aynı zamanda bir varoluş meselesidir. B&amp;ouml;ylesi topluluklar i&amp;ccedil;in bu meselenin &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;m yollarından birisinin ise toplumsal mek&amp;acirc;nlarında sembollerin kullanımı olduğu s&amp;ouml;ylenebilir. Bu a&amp;ccedil;ıdan d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;nde semboller (ve onlar &amp;uuml;zerinden &amp;uuml;retilen sembolizm), bazı işlevsel &amp;ouml;zelliklere de sahiptir. Benzer bir işlevsellik kavramların zihinlerde yer alan anlamları i&amp;ccedil;in de ge&amp;ccedil;erlidir. Nitekim anlam, zihinde yaşayan basit bir d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce demeti değil, ortaklıkları kuran birleştirici bir unsurdur. Birleşik Krallık&amp;rsquo;ta bir yıl s&amp;uuml;ren bir saha araştırmasının pek &amp;ccedil;ok bulgusunun bir b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ne dayanan bu makalenin merak konusu da bu &amp;uuml;lkedeki Alevi topluluğunun i&amp;ccedil; ve dış mek&amp;acirc;nlarında kullandığı sembollerin işlevsel &amp;ouml;zellikleridir. Birleşik Krallık&amp;rsquo;taki Alevi mek&amp;acirc;nlarındaki k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel semboller &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml;nden Alevi kimliğinin nasıl inşa edildiği, &amp;uuml;retildiği ve aktarıldığı soruları makalenin ilgi sınırlarını oluşturmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma s&amp;uuml;resince sembollerin alt anlam okumalarına en uygun araştırma tekniği olarak s&amp;ouml;ylem analizi y&amp;ouml;ntemi se&amp;ccedil;ilmiştir. Bu ilgi etrafında aşağıdaki makalenin nihai amacı, anavatandan uzaktaki Alevi kimliğinin sembolik ifadelerini ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarmak, b&amp;ouml;ylece Alevilik araştırmaları alanına yeni katkılar sunabilmektir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; mso-hyphenate: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Cultures are showcases of symbols. Every culture is the carrier of all the symbols, tangible or intangible, of the community to which it belongs. Here symbols become clusters in which social meanings are hidden over time. However, we now live in a world where the image overrides all kinds of meanings. In such a world, symbols are the first condition of &amp;lsquo;being visible&amp;rsquo; for collective cultural identities. Especially for cultural communities living as &amp;lsquo;minorities&amp;rsquo; far away from their homeland, &amp;lsquo;being visible&amp;rsquo; is no longer only a matter of legitimacy, but also a matter of existence. One of the solutions to this problem for these communities can be said to be the use of symbols in their social spaces. From this point of view, symbols (and the symbolism produced through them) also have some functional features. A similar functionality applies to the meanings of concepts in the mind. Indeed, meaning is not a simple bundle of thoughts living in the mind, but a unifying element that establishes commonalities. Based on many of the findings of a year-long field research in the United Kingdom, this article is interested in the functional characteristics of the symbols used by the Alevi community in the interior and exterior spaces of the Alevi community in this country. The questions of how Alevi identity is constructed, produced and transmitted through cultural symbols in Alevi spaces in the UK constitute the limits of interest of the article. Throughout the study, the discourse analysis method has been chosen as the most appropriate research technique for sub-meaning readings of symbols. The ultimate aim of the following article around this interest is to reveal the symbolic expressions of Alevi identity far from the homeland, thus offering new contributions to the field of Alevism studies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81759</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[363-384]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/121</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Müslümanların Roma Seferleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Muslim Expeditions to Rome]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatih GÜZEL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Tarihi, İtalya, Roma, Müslüman Fetihleri, Bâri Emirliği, Taranto Emirliği.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic History, Italy, Rome, Muslim Conquests, Emirate of Bâri, Emirate of Taranto]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Batıya y&amp;ouml;nelik M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man Araplar tarafından ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilen &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; İsl&amp;acirc;m fetih dalgası Abb&amp;acirc;s&amp;icirc;ler d&amp;ouml;neminde Ağleb&amp;icirc;ler eliyle Akdeniz adaları, Sicilya ve İtalya anakarası &amp;uuml;zerine ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşmiştir. 827 tarihinden itibaren Sicilya adasının b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n ele ge&amp;ccedil;iren Ağleb&amp;icirc;ler, İtalyan şehir devletlerinin birbiriyle m&amp;uuml;cadelesinden istifade ederek Tiren Denizindeki adaların bir b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; ile G&amp;uuml;ney İtalya&amp;rsquo;nın bazı liman şehirlerini ele ge&amp;ccedil;irmişlerdir. G&amp;uuml;ney İtalya&amp;rsquo;ya yerleşen M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlar, Hıristiyanların &amp;ldquo;Ebed&amp;icirc; Şehir&amp;rdquo; olarak tarif ettikleri Roma şehrini tehdit eder hale gelmişlerdir. Katolik Hıristiyanlığın merkezi olan Roma&amp;rsquo;yı ele ge&amp;ccedil;irmek isteyen M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlar, iki defa Roma &amp;uuml;zerine sefer d&amp;uuml;zenlemişlerdir. Roma &amp;uuml;zerine ilk M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man akını Ağustos 846 tarihinde vuku bulmuştur. Korsika&amp;rsquo;dan yola &amp;ccedil;ıkan binlerce asker y&amp;uuml;kl&amp;uuml; İsl&amp;acirc;m donanması Roma&amp;rsquo;dan ge&amp;ccedil;en Tiber nehrinin denize d&amp;ouml;k&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; Ostia liman şehrini ele ge&amp;ccedil;irmiştir. 26 Ağustos 846 tarihinde Roma&amp;rsquo;ya ulaşarak şehri muhasara eden M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlar, Vatikan&amp;rsquo;ın merkezi olarak kabul edilen Saint Peter ve Saint Paul katedralleri M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlar tarafından yağmalanmıştır. G&amp;uuml;neye y&amp;ouml;nelen M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlar, Nisan 847 tarihine kadar Fondi ve Gaeta şehirlerini muhasara etmişlerdir. Roma&amp;rsquo;ya y&amp;ouml;nelik ikinci M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man akını 849 tarihinde ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşmiştir. M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man donanması ile m&amp;uuml;ttefik Hıristiyan donanması Ostia a&amp;ccedil;ıklarında karşılaşmıştır. Savaş bir g&amp;uuml;n boyunca sonu&amp;ccedil;suz devam etmiş ancak savaşın ikinci g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; patlak veren şiddetli bir fırtına M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man donanmasına ağır zarar vermiştir. Fırtınadan kurtulmak amacıyla karaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man askerler ya &amp;ouml;ld&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;ş ya da esir alınmıştır. M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlar G&amp;uuml;ney İtalua&amp;rsquo;da kurdukları k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k emirliklerle Roma &amp;uuml;zerinde baskı kurmuşlardır. M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manalrın Roma seferleri her ne kadar başarısız olsa da Hıristiyanların kutsal şehirlerinin M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlar tarafından tehdit edilmesi Hıristiyanlar arasında infiale sebep olmuş, Ha&amp;ccedil;lı ittifakı fikirlerinin oluşmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bir&amp;ccedil;ok tarih&amp;ccedil;i tarafından İtalya&amp;rsquo;daki M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man emirliklerinin faaliyetleri daha sonraki y&amp;uuml;zyıllarda milyonlarca insanın hayatını etkileyecek b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k olayların başlangıcı olarak kabul edilmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Muslim forces prepared several attempts to conquer the West during the Abbasid period, with the Aghlebids engaging in military operations across the Mediterranean islands, Sicily, and mainland Italy. Beginning in 827, the Aghlebids proceeded to conquer a substantial portion of Sicily. They successfully captured several ports in the Tyrrhenian Sea and other southern Italian cities. The Muslims who settled in Southern Italy became a threat to the city of Rome, which Christians described as the "Eternal City". In response, the Muslims, seeking to conquer Rome, the nexus of Catholic Christianity, orchestrated two expeditions against the city. The first Muslim raid on Rome took place in August 846. The Islamic fleet, comprising thousands of soldiers, embarked from Corsica and captured the port city of Ostia, where the river Tiber flows into the sea. On 26 August 846, the Muslims advanced as far as Rome itself, which they sacked. The cathedrals of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, which were considered the centre of the Vatican, were sacked by the Muslims. Subsequently, the Muslims advanced southwards, capturing the cities of Fondi and Gaeta before April 847.The second Muslim raid on Rome occurred in 849. The Muslim fleet and the allied Christian fleet encountered each other off the coast of Ostia. During the battle, a violent storm broke out, causing significant damage to the Muslim fleet. The present article aims to provide a comprehensive study of this significant battle: Ostia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81611</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1101-1113]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/122</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Mâtûrîdî Kelamında Eskatolojik Bir Aşama. Sûr ve Ba's]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Eschatological Stage in Māturīdī Kalām: Trumpet and Resurrection]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İrem CEYHAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kelâm, Matürîdî, Eskatoloji, Sûr, Bâ’s]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kalam, al-Maturîdî, Eschatology, Trumpet, Resurrection]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Eskatoloji, tarihin, d&amp;uuml;nyanın ve yazgının sonunu, &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; ve d&amp;uuml;nya hayatının bitimini ifade etmek i&amp;ccedil;in kullanılan bir kavram, aynı zamanda da ilgili konularda yapılan bilimsel, felsefi ve teolojik araştırmaları kendisine konu edinmiş olan bir bilim dalı olarak karşımıza &amp;ccedil;ıkar. Bu makale &amp;ccedil;alışmasında, İsl&amp;acirc;m dininde eskatoloji konusu, &amp;acirc;hiret hayatının ilk aşamaları olarak zikredilen s&amp;ucirc;r ve ba&amp;rsquo;s meseleleri &amp;uuml;zerinden ele alınacaktır. S&amp;ucirc;r kavramı nedir? S&amp;ucirc;r&amp;rsquo;a ka&amp;ccedil; defa &amp;uuml;flenecektir? S&amp;ucirc;r&amp;rsquo;a &amp;uuml;flenmesinin gayesi nedir? gibi sorular s&amp;ucirc;r konusu bağlamında merak uyandırırken; b&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;s&amp;rsquo;ın mahiyeti, keyfiyeti ve hikmeti de b&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;s konusunda g&amp;uuml;ndeme gelen ve ele alınan konular olarak karşımıza &amp;ccedil;ıkar. İsl&amp;acirc;m kelamında sem&amp;rsquo;iyy&amp;acirc;t bahsinde ele alınan s&amp;ucirc;r ve b&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;s konuları, gaybi &amp;ouml;zellikler taşıması nedeniyle bir&amp;ccedil;ok farklı yorumla da muhatap olmuş ve b&amp;ouml;ylelikle de literat&amp;uuml;rde olduk&amp;ccedil;a geniş bir yer tutmuştur. Konunun daha spesifik bir şekilde ele alınabilmesi i&amp;ccedil;in makalede, M&amp;acirc;t&amp;uuml;r&amp;icirc;d&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri bağlamında s&amp;ucirc;r ve b&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;s konusu ele alınacaktır. Zira Mat&amp;uuml;r&amp;icirc;d&amp;icirc;, ilmi y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; ve kel&amp;acirc;mi perspektifiyle Ehli S&amp;uuml;nnet&amp;rsquo;in Mat&amp;uuml;r&amp;icirc;d&amp;icirc;lik ekol&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n kurucusu olan &amp;ouml;nemli bir şahsiyettir ve konu hakkındaki g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerinin ortaya konması hem Mat&amp;uuml;r&amp;icirc;d&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin perspektifinin anlaşılması hem de literat&amp;uuml;re katkı sağlaması bakımından &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. Makale, nitel bir sosyal bilimler araştırması olup, dok&amp;uuml;man analizi y&amp;ouml;ntemi ile kaleme alınacaktır. &amp;Ouml;nce literat&amp;uuml;r taraması yapılacak ardından elde edilen veriler betimsel bir analizle sunulacaktır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Eschatology is a concept used to refer to the end of history, the end of the world and destiny, death and the end of the life of the world, and at the same time, it is a branch of science that has been the subject of scientific, philosophical and theological research on related issues. In this article, the subject of eschatology in Islam will be examined through the issues of trumpet and resurrection, which are mentioned as the first stages of the afterlife. What is the concept of trumpet? How many times will it be blown? While questions such as &amp;ldquo;What is the purpose of blowing the trumpet?&amp;rdquo; arouse curiosity in the context of the trumpet, the nature, quality, and wisdom of resurrection are the issues that come up and are discussed in the context of resurrection. In Islamic theology, the topics of trumpet and resurrection, which are dealt with in the discussion of eschatological matters, have been subjected to many different interpretations due to their unseen characteristics, and thus have occupied a very large place in the literature. In order to deal with the subject more specifically, this article will discuss the issue of trumpet and resurrection in the context of al-Māturīdī's views. Because al-Maturīdī, with his scholarly and kalami perspective, is an important figure who is the founder of the school of al-Maturīdī of the Ahl al-Sunnah, and the presentation of his views on the subject is important both in terms of understanding al-Maturīdī's perspective and contributing to the literature. The article is a qualitative social sciences research and will be written with document analysis method. First, a literature review will be conducted and then the data obtained will be presented through a descriptive analysis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81566</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1833-1845]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/123</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sümer-Akkad Krallarının Meşruiyeti, Doğa Güçlerinin Kişileştirilmiş Formları Olan Tanrılar Aracılığıyla Doğrudan Yaşam’dan Gelir (MÖ 2350-1763)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Political Legitimacy of Sumero-Akkadian Kings Comes Directly from Life through the Gods, the Personified Forms of the Forces of Nature (2350-1763 BCE)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İzzet ÇIVGIN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Siyaset felsefesi, Mitoloji, Meşruiyet, Sümer ve Akkad, Yaşam, Kozmik ve siyasal düzen]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Political philosophy, Mythology, Legitimacy, Sumer and Akkad, Life, Cosmic and political order]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Yazı, M&amp;Ouml; 4. binyılın sonlarında Aşağı Dicle-Fırat ve Aşağı Nil havzalarında neredeyse eşzamanlı olarak doğdu. Her iki yazı da M&amp;Ouml; 3. binyılın ikinci yarısında mitolojik anlatılar aracılığıyla ideolojik, siyasi ve hatta felsefi metinler &amp;uuml;retmek i&amp;ccedil;in yeterince yetkin hale geldiler. Yazı aracılığıyla d&amp;uuml;zenlenen mitolojik anlatıların en &amp;ouml;nemli işlevi, panteonu oluşturan doğa g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lerini kişileştirmek ve doğa&amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml; unsurlar olarak sunmaktı. Panteonun tanrıları Mezopotamya uygarlığının temelini oluşturan kentler ve tapınaklarla b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nleştiğinde, uygarlığın &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Yaşam&lt;/em&gt;'ın s&amp;uuml;rekliliği i&amp;ccedil;in en uygun toplum bi&amp;ccedil;imi olduğu savunulacak ve tanrılar hem kozmik hem de toplumsal d&amp;uuml;zeni kuran unsurlar olarak sunulabilecekti. Buna g&amp;ouml;re, kişileştirilmiş G&amp;ouml;k olan An, yery&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml; krallığındaki Durağan-Potansiyel Otoriteyi temsil ediyordu. G&amp;ouml;ksel Krallığın Efendisi Enlil (Atmosfer) ise yery&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml; krallığında Kurucu ve Yıkıcı G&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml; (Somut G&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;) temsil ediyordu. Ana-tanrı&amp;ccedil;a Ninhursag, krallığın babadan oğula ge&amp;ccedil;işini temsil ediyordu. Tatlı suların efendisi Enki, uygarlığın d&amp;uuml;zenini kuran kurumları-kuralları-makamları temsil ediyordu. Bu d&amp;ouml;rt kişileştirilmiş doğa g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n ardından Nanna (Ay) insan kralların topluma bereket getirme g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;, Ninurta (Fırtına) tarla ve otlaklardaki bereketi, Utu (G&amp;uuml;neş) doğruluk ve adaleti, İşkur (Yağış) asi topluluklara boyun eğdirmeyi, İnanna ise savaş-cinsellik-gen&amp;ccedil;lik-doğurganlığı temsil ediyordu. S&amp;uuml;mer-Akkad mitolojisinin temel amacı, &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Yaşam&lt;/em&gt;'ı ve onu oluşturan t&amp;uuml;m unsurları kişileştirerek kutsallaştırmak ve g&amp;ouml;ksel krallığın (kozmosun) yery&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;ne devlet olarak yansıdığını iddia etmekti. Devletin temel işlevi &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Yaşam d&amp;ouml;ng&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;&lt;/em&gt;n&amp;uuml; garanti altına almak olduğundan g&amp;ouml;ksel krallıktaki hiyerarşinin aynısını yery&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;nde kurmak (toplumsal işb&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; y&amp;ouml;netmek) bir zorunluluktu. Yazgıları kozmik-tanrısal g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;ler tarafından belirlenen kralların en başta gelen yetkileri de ekonomik-siyasal se&amp;ccedil;kinlerin ve diğer b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n uyrukların yazgılarını tayin ederek insan toplumları i&amp;ccedil;in &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Yaşam&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;ı s&amp;uuml;rekli kılmaktı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The aim of the article is to reveal the sources of the political conception that dominated Lower Mesopotamia from 2350 BCE, when the city-state order that lasted for 1000 years in came to an end and the territorial states emerged, to 1763 BCE, when Hammurabi of Babylon united Lower and Middle Mesopotamia. For this purpose, we focus on Sumero-Akkadian mythology and conclude that the Mesopotamian elites based their legitimacy on the Mesopotamian pantheon, which was also characterized as the &amp;ldquo;heavenly kingdom&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The most important function of the mythological narratives that were organized through writing was to personify the forces of nature that constituted the pantheon and present them as supernatural elements. When the gods of the pantheon were integrated with the cities and temples that formed the basis of Mesopotamian civilization, it would be argued that the civilization was the most appropriate form of society for the continuity of Life and the gods could be presented as elements that established both cosmic and social order. Accordingly, An, the personified heavens, represented the Static-Potential Authority in the earthly kingdom. Enlil (Atmosphere), the Lord of the Heavenly Kingdom, represented the Founding and Destructive Power (Tangible Power) in the earthly kingdom. Mother goddess Ninhursag represented the transmission of the kingdom from father to son. Enki, the lord of the freshwater, represented the institutions-rules-offices-crafts that established the order of civilization. Following these four personified forces of nature, Nanna (Moon) represented the power of human kings to bring fertility to society, Ninurta (Storm-Rain) represented abundance in fields and pastures, Utu (Sun) represented righteousness and justice, Ishkur (Rain) represented the subjugation of rebellious communities, and Inanna represented war-sexuality-youth-fertility. The main purpose of Sumerian-Akkadian mythology was to sanctify Life and all its constituent elements by depicting them as deities, and to claim that the entire cosmos, defined as the heavenly kingdom, was reflected on earth as state. For human societies, &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Life&lt;/em&gt; meant the seasonal cycle, rainfall, freshwater, agriculture and pasture. Even the urban population (artisans, merchants, soldiers, bureaucrats) was dependent on the surplus products transported from the fields and pastures to the cities. Interrupting the cycle of life could have fatal consequences for everyone, and the main function of the king was to guarantee the cycle. The king, of course, could not control the rainfall, but he could regulate the flow of freshwater through canals and he could assume the redistribution of the surplus product. Since human societies' understanding of Life was that the Routine should not be disrupted by the surprises that Nature had prepared for them, especially drought, the political elite had to convince the masses that the main function of the State was to maintain the Routine, and therefore Order. Kings were not just randomly placed at the head of cities or larger territorial states; they were figures chosen by a divine council (destined to be kings).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81539</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[857-891]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/124</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Fıkıh Literatüründe Kölelik Olgusu Ontolojik Sapmadan Paradoksal Epistemolojiye]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Phenomenon of Slavery in Fıqh Literature From Ontological Deviation to Paradoxical Epistemology]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdulbaki DENİZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukuku, Fıkıh, Köle, Cariye, Kefaret, Savaş, Fetihler.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Law, Fıqh, Slave, Concubine, Atonement, War, Conquests.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ligatures: standardcontextual; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;İslam hukuku, vadettiği d&amp;uuml;nya ve ahiret saadeti hedefine ulaşmak i&amp;ccedil;in insanları sıkıntıya d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ren sorunları tamamen ortadan kaldırmak yahut imkanlar &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;nde asgariye indirmek i&amp;ccedil;in evrensel ve erdemli ilkelerle insanlığa &amp;ouml;rnek olmuştur. Din ve d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncede &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k, sosyal ve ekonomik hayatta adalet, eğitim, sağlık, seyahat ve &amp;ccedil;alışma hakkı gibi temel hususlarda eşitlik s&amp;ouml;z konusu ilkelerin başında gelmektedir. Dolayısıyla İslam hukuku, bir istismar aracı olarak k&amp;ouml;lelik olgusuna karşı a&amp;ccedil;ık bir duruş sergilemiş, k&amp;ouml;lelik sistemini b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n sebep ve sonu&amp;ccedil;larıyla ortadan kaldırmak i&amp;ccedil;in ciddi bir savaşım i&amp;ccedil;ine girmiştir. Bu kapsamda vahiy ve nebev&amp;icirc; s&amp;uuml;nnet k&amp;ouml;leliği &amp;uuml;reten ve &amp;ccedil;oğaltan b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n kapıları kapatmış, onu ortadan kaldıran yahut azaltan b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n ara&amp;ccedil;ları kullanmıştır. Ancak toplumda k&amp;ouml;k salmış diğer k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml; alışkanlıklarda olduğu s&amp;uuml;recin sağlıklı tamamlanması ve mevcut stokların eritilmesi i&amp;ccedil;in ge&amp;ccedil;ici bazı d&amp;uuml;zenlemelere yer verilmesi ihtiyacı hasıl olmuştur. Bu durum, İslam&amp;rsquo;ın k&amp;ouml;lelik sistemini kabul ettiği ve i&amp;ccedil;selleştirerek ona y&amp;ouml;nelik ahk&amp;acirc;m vazettiği anlamına gelmemektedir. Buna rağmen siyas&amp;icirc;, sosyal ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel bazı sebeplerden dolayı s&amp;ouml;z konusu ge&amp;ccedil;ici d&amp;uuml;zenlemelere evrensel nitelik atfedilerek kalıcı h&amp;acirc;le getirilmiştir. Fıkıh eserlerinde de yer verilen k&amp;ouml;lelikle ilgili h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man k&amp;ouml;le ve cariyeleri de kapsayacak şekilde genişletilmesi ciddi bir sorun ve &amp;ccedil;elişki &amp;ouml;rneği olarak tevar&amp;uuml;s etmiştir. Bunun genel anlamda dinin, &amp;ouml;zel anlamda da İslam hukukunun temel maksatlarına hizmet etmediği a&amp;ccedil;ıktır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada s&amp;ouml;z konusu durumun sebep ve sonu&amp;ccedil;ları &amp;uuml;zerinde durulmuştur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ligatures: standardcontextual; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Islamic law has set an example for humanity with universal and virtuous principles in order to completely eliminate or minimize the problems that trouble people in order to reach the promised goal of happiness in this world and the hereafter. Freedom in religion and thought, justice in social and economic life, equality in basic issues such as education, health, travel and work rights are at the forefront of these principles. Therefore, Islamic law has taken a clear stance against the phenomenon of slavery as a means of exploitation and has entered into a serious struggle to eliminate the slavery system with all its causes and consequences. In this context, revelation and the Prophetic Sunnah have closed all the doors that produce and increase slavery and have used all the tools that eliminate or reduce it. However, as with other bad habits that have taken root in society, there has been a need to include some temporary regulations in order to complete the process healthily and to melt down the existing stocks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: #1f1f1f; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ligatures: standardcontextual; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This does not mean that Islam accepted the slavery system and internalized it and imposed rules against it. Despite this, due to some political, social and cultural reasons, the temporary regulations in question were made permanent by attributing universal quality to them. The extension of the provisions on slavery, which are also included in the works of fiqh, to include Muslim slaves and concubines has been inherited as a serious problem and contradiction. It is clear that this does not serve the basic purposes of religion in general and Islamic law in particular. This study focuses on the reasons and consequences of this situation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81496</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1847-1866]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/125</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İşârî Tefsirlerde Kur’an İlimlerine Yaklaşım: Letâifü’l-İşârât Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Approach to Qur'an Scıences in Sufi Commentarıes: The Example of Letāif al-Isharāt]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet KAYA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, İşârî Tefsir, Kur’an İlimleri, Kuşeyrî, letâifu’l-İşârât ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Isharī tafsīr, Science of Interpretation, Qushayrī, Letāif al-Isharāt.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk194370714"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk194370784"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk194370714;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada Tefsir ilminin bir usul&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n olup olmadığı tartışmalarından vareste olarak bu ilmin i&amp;ccedil;erisinde bir ekol olan iş&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc; tefsirde Kur&amp;rsquo;an ilimlerine nasıl yaklaşıldığı incelenecektir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın &amp;ouml;rneklemi Kuşeyr&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin (&amp;ouml;. 465/1072) &lt;em&gt;Let&amp;acirc;if&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-iş&amp;acirc;r&amp;acirc;t&lt;/em&gt; isimli eseri olacaktır. Bug&amp;uuml;ne kadar &amp;uuml;lkemizde yapılan &amp;ccedil;alışmalar zahir tefsirlerde Kur&amp;rsquo;an ilimlerinin ele alınışına ilişkin olup bir y&amp;ouml;ntemi olmadığı iddiasından hareketle Tefsir olarak sayılması konusunda tartışma olan İş&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc; tefsirler hakkında m&amp;uuml;stakil bir &amp;ccedil;alışma yapılmamış olması bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın kaleme alınmasındaki temel gerek&amp;ccedil;eyi oluşturmaktadır. Nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;nteminin dok&amp;uuml;man incelemesi tekniğine dayalı olarak kaleme alınan bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada Kuşeyr&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;Let&amp;acirc;if&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-İş&amp;acirc;r&amp;acirc;t&lt;/em&gt; isimli eseri &amp;ouml;rnekliğinde İş&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc; tefsirlerde Kur&amp;rsquo;an ilimlerine nasıl yaklaşıldığı sorusu cevaplanmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılacaktır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada mezk&amp;ucirc;r eserin tercih edilmesinin gerek&amp;ccedil;esi eserde zahir ve batın anlamın bir arada yapılıyor olması ve Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n ilimlerine ilişkin yoğun bir veri i&amp;ccedil;ermesidir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmayla s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;lerin Kur&amp;rsquo;an yorumunda tamamen &amp;ouml;znel davrandıkları ve herhangi bir usul takip etmedikleri y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ndeki iddiaların doğruluğu tespit edilmeye &amp;ccedil;alışılacaktır. B&amp;ouml;ylelikle &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla iş&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc; y&amp;ouml;ntem a&amp;ccedil;ısından ele alınan tasavvuf&amp;icirc; tefsirlerin teknik boyutu da ortaya konulmuş olacaktır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada &amp;ouml;nce birbiri yerine kullanılan Kur&amp;rsquo;an ilimleri ve Tefsir us&amp;ucirc;l&amp;uuml; kavramları ile s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;lerin tefsir metodolojisi hakkında bilgi verilmiş ardından da Kuşeyr&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;Let&amp;acirc;if&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-iş&amp;acirc;r&amp;acirc;t&lt;/em&gt; adlı tefsirinde Kur&amp;rsquo;an ilimlerine yaklaşımı incelenmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma sonucunda Kuşeyr&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin, mezk&amp;ucirc;r eserinde &amp;acirc;yetleri yorumlarken on altı Kur&amp;rsquo;an ilmine başvurduğu, bunları &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla d&amp;uuml;alist bir yaklaşımla ele aldığı ve bu ilimler aracılığıyla okuyucuya &amp;ccedil;eşitli mesajlar verdiği g&amp;ouml;zlemlenmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;In this study, aside from the discussions on whether the science of Tafsir has a methodology, how the Quranic sciences are approached in Isharī tafsir, which is a school within this science, will be examined. The sample of this study will be Qushayr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;ī&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;rsquo;s (d. 465/1072) work called &lt;em&gt;Letāif&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Isharāt&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The main reason for writing this study is that the studies conducted in our country to date are about the treatment of Quranic sciences in exoteric commentaries, and that no independent study has been conducted on Isharite commentaries, which are controversial in terms of being considered as commentaries, based on the claim that they do not have a method.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;In this study, which is based on the document review technique of the qualitative research method, the question of how the Qur'anic sciences are approached in the Isharite commentaries will be answered by taking Qushayr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;ī&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;rsquo;s work &lt;em&gt;Letāif&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Isharāt&lt;/em&gt; as an example. The reason for choosing the aforementioned work in the study is that the apparent and hidden meanings are made together in the work and it contains intensive data on the Qur'anic sciences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This study will attempt to determine the truth of the claims that sufis are completely subjective in interpreting the Quran and do not follow any method. Thus, the technical dimension of sufi interpretations, which are mostly handled in terms of the Isharī method, will also be revealed. In the study, first, information is given about the concepts of Quranic sciences and Tafsīr methodology, which are used interchangeably, and then Qushayr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk194446738;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;ī&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;rsquo;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; approach to Quranic sciences in his commentary titled &lt;em&gt;Letāif al-Isharāt&lt;/em&gt; is examined.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;As a result of the study, it was observed that Qushayr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;ī&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; referred to sixteen Quranic sciences while interpreting the verses in his work, handled them mostly with a dualistic approach and gave various messages to the reader through these sciences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81479</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1211-1238]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/126</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tatar Türkçesinde Tefsir Çalışmaları (Düzeltme)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Tafsirs in the Tatar Language (Erratum)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Faima ISRAFILOVA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[.....]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[.....]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;D&amp;uuml;zeltme: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Turkish Studies- Language and Literature dergisinin on sekizinci cildinin &amp;uuml;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;sayısında yer alan &amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Tatar T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;esinde Tefsir &amp;Ccedil;alışmaları. &lt;em&gt;Turkish Studies - Language&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;18&lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;3)&lt;/em&gt;, 271-285. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.69942&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&amp;rdquo; referanslı makalede yazar tarafından d&amp;uuml;zeltme talep edilmiştir. Bu hatadan dolayı yazar, okuyuculardan &amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;r dilemektedir. Makaledeki bu hatanın giderilmesi amacıyla yapılan d&amp;uuml;zeltme ve a&amp;ccedil;ıklamalar aşağıda sunulmuştur.&lt;span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&amp;ldquo;Tafsir Studies in Tatar Turkish.&amp;rdquo; in the third issue of the eighteenth volume of Turkish Studies - Language and Literature. Turkish Studies - Language, 18(3), 271-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.69942&amp;rdquo;, a correction was requested by the author. The authors apologize to the readers for this error. The corrections and explanations made to eliminate this error in the article are presented below.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81423</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[215-216]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/127</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Şami Mushafı ile Türk Mushafı Arasındaki Duraklama ve Başlangıç İşaretlerinin Karşılaştırılması ve Anlama Etkisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Comparison of the Punctuation and Starting Marks between the Sham Mushaf and the Turkish Mushaf and Their Impact on Meaning]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmed ALDYAB]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili, Belagat, Anlam, Duraklama ve Başlangıç, Kur'an.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language, Rhetoric, Meaning, Pause and Beginning, Qur'an.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Duraklama ve başlangı&amp;ccedil;, Kur'an ilimlerinde &amp;ouml;nemli konulardan biridir ve ayetlerin anlamlarını anlamada ve doğru bir şekilde okunmasında b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir rol oynar. Kur'an'da duraklama, ayetin veya c&amp;uuml;mlenin belirli bir noktasında okumanın durdurulmasıdır ve bunun amacı, Kur'an'daki farklı anlamlar veya c&amp;uuml;mleler arasında ayrım yapmaktır. Başlangı&amp;ccedil; ise duraklamanın ardından belirli bir noktadan okumaya devam etmektir ve başlangıcın doğru bir yerde yapılması, anlamın değişmemesini sağlamak i&amp;ccedil;in gereklidir. Duraklama ve başlangı&amp;ccedil; kuralları, Kur'an'ı doğru anlamak i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ouml;ğrenilmesi gereken ince bilimlerden biridir. Bu kurallar, okuyucunun Kur'an'ı okurken durması gereken yerleri ve duraklamanın ardından başlanacak yerleri belirler ve her biri anlam &amp;uuml;zerinde doğrudan bir etkiye sahiptir. &amp;Ouml;rneğin, eğer duraklama yanlış bir yerde yapılırsa, ayetin anlamının değişmesine veya anlamın belirsizleşmesine yol a&amp;ccedil;abilir, bu da yanlış bir yoruma neden olur. Bu nedenle, doğru yerlerde duraklama, anlamın korunmasına ve a&amp;ccedil;ıklığa kavuşturulmasına yardımcı olur. Duraklama ve başlangı&amp;ccedil; &amp;uuml;zerine yapılan &amp;ccedil;alışma, Kur'an ilimlerinin ve tecvit ilminin yanı sıra Arap dilinin t&amp;uuml;m belagat, gramer ve morfoloji dallarının temel bir par&amp;ccedil;asıdır. Bu kurallar doğrultusunda Kur'an'ı okumak, anlamları net ve doğru bir şekilde iletmeye yardımcı olur. Ayrıca, bu kuralların doğru bir şekilde anlaşılması, tecvidi g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirir ve okuma kalitesini artırarak Kur'an'dan en iyi şekilde faydalanmayı sağlar. &amp;Ouml;te yandan, duraklama ve başlangı&amp;ccedil; konusu, Arap belagatı ve anlam bilimini incelemek i&amp;ccedil;in verimli bir alan sunar. Bu araştırma, duraklama ve başlangıcın, Arap belagat ilimleri ve anlamla olan ilişkisini vurgulamayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Araştırmacı, bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada başlıca betimsel, analiz edici ve karşılaştırmalı y&amp;ouml;ntemleri kullanmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The topics of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;pause (waqf)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;and&lt;strong&gt; &lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;beginning (ibtida)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; are central themes in the sciences of the Qur'an, as they play a significant role in understanding the meanings of verses and ensuring their correct recitation. In the Qur'an, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;pause&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; refers to halting the reading at a specific point in a verse or sentence to separate different meanings or distinct clauses within the Qur'an&lt;strong&gt;. &lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Beginning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, on the other hand, refers to resuming the reading from a particular point after the pause, and it must occur at the correct spot to ensure that the meaning remains unchanged. The rules of pause and beginning are detailed sciences that every reader must learn to understand the Qur'an correctly. These rules define where the reader should pause during recitation and where to begin after a pause, and each has a direct impact on the meaning. For instance, if a pause is made at an incorrect point, it could alter the meaning of the verse or cause ambiguity in understanding, which leads to misinterpretation. Therefore, pausing at the correct places helps preserve and clarify the meaning. The study of pause and beginning is an essential part of Qur'anic sciences, Tajweed sciences, and all branches of Arabic linguistics, including rhetoric, grammar, and morphology. Reciting the Qur'an according to these rules helps convey meanings accurately and clearly. Additionally, a correct understanding of these rules enhances Tajweed and improves overall recitation, allowing for the fullest benefit from reciting the Qur'an. On the other hand, the topic of pause and beginning provides a fertile ground for studying Arabic rhetoric and semantics. This research aims to highlight the importance of pause and beginning and their relationship with Arabic rhetoric sciences on the one hand and with meaning on the other. The researcher has employed several approaches in this study, the most important being the descriptive method, the analytical method, and the comparative method.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81395</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[55-70]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/128</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arap Şiirinde Bedi‘iyyât: Estetik ve Eğitimsellik Arasında – İbnü‘l-Halûf’un Bedi‘iyyası Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Badi‘iyyat in Arabic Poetry Between Aesthetics and Education: The Badi‘iyyah of Ibn al-Khuluf as a Model]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ali ALBAYRAK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Belâgat İlmi, Dil, Bedi‘iyyât Analizi, Medih Nebevî, Bedî‘ İlmi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Rhetorical Science, Language, Analysis of Badi‘iyyat, Prophetic Panegyric, ‘Ilm al-Badi‘.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Hz. Peygamber&amp;lsquo;i &amp;ouml;vmeyi ve bel&amp;acirc;gat ilimlerini kullanmayı bir araya getiren bedi&amp;lsquo;iyy&amp;acirc;t sanatını ele almakta, bu sanatın b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l bir &amp;ouml;rneği olarak İbn&amp;uuml;&amp;lsquo;l-Hal&amp;ucirc;f&amp;rsquo;un bedi&amp;lsquo;iyyatını merkeze almaktadır. Araştırmada, bedi&amp;lsquo;iyy&amp;acirc;tın VIII. (Hicr&amp;icirc;) y&amp;uuml;zyılda ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkışı, şairler arasında yaygınlaşma sebepleri ve bu t&amp;uuml;r &amp;uuml;zerine geliştirilen eleştirel yaklaşımlar incelenmekte, ayrıca Arap bel&amp;acirc;gatinin gelişimindeki rol&amp;uuml;ne ışık tutulmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada bediiyyatın sadece &amp;ouml;ğretici bir ara&amp;ccedil; olmadığını, aynı zamanda hem edeb&amp;icirc; yaratıcılığı hem de bel&amp;acirc;gatı bir araya getiren &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n bir şiir sanatı olduğunu kanıtlamak ama&amp;ccedil;lanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, İbn&amp;uuml;&amp;lsquo;l-Hall&amp;ucirc;f&amp;rsquo;un bediiyyatındaki bel&amp;acirc;gat yapısı analiz edilerek, anlamı destekleyen bedii sanatların ne derece başarılı bir şekilde kullanıldığı ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca, bedi&amp;lsquo;iyy&amp;acirc;tın bedii ilmi &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisi ve bu ilmin me&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; ve bey&amp;acirc;n ilimleriyle ilişkisi değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırma, eleştirel-analitik y&amp;ouml;ntemi benimseyerek, geleneksel bedi&amp;lsquo;iyy&amp;acirc;t anlayışı ile modern değerlendirmeleri karşılaştırmalı olarak ele almakta ve &amp;ccedil;eşitli eleştirmenlerin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerini incelemektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, bedi&amp;lsquo;iyy&amp;acirc;tın yalnızca didakik bir şiir t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; olmadığını, aksine şairlerin bel&amp;acirc;gat becerilerini yansıtan ve Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e duydukları derin sevgiyi yenilik&amp;ccedil;i bir &amp;uuml;slupla ifade eden b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;kl&amp;uuml; bir sanat olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sanatın, Safiyy&amp;uuml;dd&amp;icirc;n el-Hill&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;&amp;ldquo;el-K&amp;acirc;fiye el-Bed&amp;icirc;iyye&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt; adlı eseriyle başladığı ve genellikle bas&amp;icirc;t vezni ile m&amp;icirc;m kafiyesini koruduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bedi&amp;lsquo;iyy&amp;acirc;tlar, uzun yapıları ve &amp;ccedil;ok sayıda bedii sanatı i&amp;ccedil;ermeleriyle dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekmektedir. İbn&amp;uuml;&amp;lsquo;l-Hall&amp;ucirc;f&amp;rsquo;un bediiyyatı, 200&amp;lsquo;den fazla bedii sanat t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; i&amp;ccedil;ermesi ve Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e duyulan derin sevdayı yansıtması bakımından zengin bir &amp;ouml;rnek teşkil etmektedir. Eser, şiirsel g&amp;uuml;zellik ile belagat&amp;icirc; kullanımı arasında dengeli bir yapı sergilemekte, yapmacıklıktan uzak bir &amp;uuml;slupla bel&amp;acirc;gatı okuyucuya yaklaştıran ve uygulamalı hale getiren etkili bir ara&amp;ccedil; olarak &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;This research explores the art of Badi&amp;lsquo;iyyat a poetic genre that combines praise of the Prophet (peace be upon him) with the application of rhetorical sciences. The study focuses on the Badi&amp;lsquo;iyyah of Ibn al-Khulluf as a comprehensive model of this art form. It traces its emergence in the 8th century AH, examines the reasons for its spread among poets, and discusses the critical approaches that have addressed it, highlighting its role in advancing Arabic rhetoric. The research establishes that Badi&amp;lsquo;iyyat are not merely educational tools but rather a fully developed poetic genre that merges creativity with eloquence. It analyzes the rhetorical structure of Ibn al-Khulluf&amp;lsquo;s Badi&amp;lsquo;iyyah, demonstrating its success in employing rhetorical embellishments (muhassināt badī&amp;lsquo;iyyah) to serve the meaning, while assessing its impact on the science of badī&amp;lsquo; and and its relationship with &amp;lsquo;ilm al-ma&amp;lsquo;ānī and &amp;lsquo;ilm al-bayān. The study adopts an analytical and critical methodology, presenting the views of critics and comparing traditional perspectives on Badi&amp;lsquo;iyyat with modern reevaluations. The study concludes that Badi&amp;lsquo;iyyat are not merely didactic poetry but an integrated art form reflecting the rhetorical skills of poets and expressing their deep love for the Prophet in an innovative style. This genre originated with Ṣafī al-Dīn al-Hillī&amp;lsquo;s al-Kāfiyah al-Badī&amp;lsquo;iyyah and maintained the basīṭ meter and a rhyme ending with a broken mīm (Arabic &amp;lsquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SY" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: #4C09; mso-bidi-language: AR-SY;"&gt;م&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;&amp;rsquo; letter carrying a kasrah, which has the final vowel pronounced with a short -i). Badi&amp;lsquo;iyyat are characterized by their length and the inclusion of a vast number of rhetorical devices. Ibn al-Khulluf&amp;lsquo;s Badi&amp;lsquo;iyyah serves as a rich example, containing over 200 types of badī&amp;lsquo;, alongside a profound emotional depth that reflects intense love for the Prophet. It also excels in maintaining a balance between poetic beauty and rhetorical application without affectation, making it an effective tool for bringing rhetoric closer to audiences and applying it practically.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81355</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[31-53]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/129</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ Depremzede Bireylerin Hayatı Anlamlandırma Dindarlık ve Başa Çıkma Açısından Sabırlarının Rolü (Osmaniye Örneklemi)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Role Religiousness And Patience In Coping In Individuals Who are Earthquake Victims In Giving Sense To Their Life (Osmaniye Sample).]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Beyazıt Yaşar SEYHAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hayatın anlamı, inanç-dindarlık, sabır çeşitleri, deprem, Osmaniye.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[The meaning of life, faith-religiosity, types of patience, earthquake, Osmaniye.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="WW-NormalWeb1" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; color: black;"&gt;Osmaniye &amp;ouml;rnekleminde depremzede olan bireylerin depremden sonraki s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te hayatı anlamlandırması, dindarlık algıları, başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma a&amp;ccedil;ısından sabırlarının tutumlarını tespit amacı ile bu araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırma a&amp;ccedil;ık u&amp;ccedil;lu yarı yapılandırılmış m&amp;uuml;lakat sorulara dayanmaktadır. Araştırmanın ana problemi &lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&amp;ldquo;Depremzede bireylerin depremin &amp;uuml;zerinden yıllar ge&amp;ccedil;tik&amp;ccedil;e hayatını anlamlandırırken dini inan&amp;ccedil;ları/dindarlıkları ile sabır tutumları hali hazırda nasıldır?&amp;rdquo; sorusuna dayanmaktadır. &lt;/span&gt;Araştırmaya 6 katılımcı depremi ağır atlatan, 3 katılımcı da depremi daha hafif atlatan bireyler olarak katılmıştır. 6 Şubat Depremi t&amp;uuml;m bireylerin deprem sonrasında hayatı anlamlandırmasına sebep olmuştur. Depremzede bireylerin &amp;ouml;len yakınlarının şehitlik inancı veya &amp;ouml;te d&amp;uuml;nyada iyi bir şekilde oldukları algısı travmaları atlatmalarına yardım etmiştir. Ayrıca t&amp;uuml;m depremzedeler depremden daha ağır bir şekilde kurtulma ihtimali farkındalığı ile hayatlarını anlamlandırmaktadırlar. Kadın katılımcıların hepsi din&amp;icirc; inan&amp;ccedil;larını hayatlarını anlamlandırmada ve acılarını azaltmada kullanmışlarken &lt;u&gt;bazı erkek katılımcılar ise din&amp;icirc; inan&amp;ccedil;larına depremden sonra mesafeli olmuşlardır.&lt;/u&gt; &amp;ldquo;Deprem gibi olağan&amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml; olaylar insanların kısa vadede dini inan&amp;ccedil;lara y&amp;ouml;nlendirse de bazı kişilerde uzun vadede dini inan&amp;ccedil;lardan kopmasına da sebep olabilir.&amp;rdquo; Deprem gibi olağan&amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml; durumlar insanların hayatının anlamını genelde değiştirebilir ama her zaman &lt;u&gt;din&amp;icirc; inan&amp;ccedil; ve davranışları değiştirmeyebilir.&lt;/u&gt; Depremzede bireylerin bir&amp;ccedil;oğu psikolojik yardım almış aldıkarı terapilerin y&amp;ouml;nergelerine uymaları depremzedelerin pasif sabır i&amp;ccedil;inde kalmayıp aktif sabra doğru gitmektedirler. T&amp;uuml;m depremzede bireyler kimseye muhta&amp;ccedil; olmadan haksızlığa uğramadan hayata tutunmayı istemektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;In Osmaniye this research was conducted to determine the meaning of life, perceptions of religiosity, attitudes of patience in terms of coping in the process after the earthquake. The research is based on open-ended semi-structured interview questions. The main problem of the research is based on the question &amp;lsquo;How are the religious beliefs / religiosity and patience attitudes of the earthquake survivors while making sense of their lives as the years pass after the earthquake?&amp;rsquo;. Six participants participated in the study as individuals who survived the earthquake severely and three participants as individuals who survived the earthquake less severely. 6 February Earthquake caused all individuals to make sense of life after the earthquake. The belief of martyrdom of the deceased relatives of the earthquake victims or the perception that they were in a good way in the afterlife helped them to overcome the traumas. In addition, all earthquake survivors make sense of their lives with the awareness of the possibility of surviving the earthquake in a more severe way. While all of the female participants used their religious beliefs to make sense of their lives and reduce their pain, some male participants distanced themselves from their religious beliefs after the earthquake. &amp;lsquo;Although extraordinary events such as earthquakes lead people to religious beliefs in the short term, it may also cause some people to break away from religious beliefs in the long term.&amp;rsquo; Extraordinary events such as earthquakes can change the meaning of people's lives in general, but they may not always change religious beliefs and behaviours. Many of the earthquake survivors received psychological help and following the instructions of the therapies they received, the earthquake survivors do not remain in passive patience but move towards active patience.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81324</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1417-1456]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/130</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tabersî Tefsirinde Kırâatlerin Şiirle İstişhadı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[To Adduce Proofs of the Reciting With Poetry in the Tafsir of Tabersi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nazım ÇETİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kırâat, Tefsir, Tabersî, Şiir, İstişhâd, Mezhep.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Recitation, Commentary, Tabersî, Poetry, Prove, Sectar.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Arap şiiri, gramer kurallarının tespitinde &amp;ouml;nemli bir yer tutar. C&amp;acirc;hiliye d&amp;ouml;nemi ş&amp;acirc;irleri bir taraftan halk arasında kullanılan kelimelerin leh&amp;ccedil;e farklılıklarını kayıt altına alırken diğer taraftan da Arap&amp;ccedil;a&amp;rsquo;nın gramer kurallarının temelini oluşturur. M&amp;uuml;fessirler tefsirlerinde gar&amp;icirc;b&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n lafızlarını a&amp;ccedil;ıklamak ve kır&amp;acirc;at farklılıklarını delillendirmek amacıyla Arap şiirine başvurmuştur. Onların kır&amp;acirc;at tercihleri &amp;acirc;yetlere verdikleri manayı şekillendirdiği i&amp;ccedil;in her bir m&amp;uuml;fessirin şiirle istişh&amp;acirc;d y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n belirlenmesi &amp;ouml;nemli bir yere sahiptir. Şi&amp;icirc; m&amp;uuml;fessir Tabers&amp;icirc; de &lt;em&gt;Mecma&amp;rsquo;u&amp;rsquo;l-bey&amp;acirc;n f&amp;icirc; tefs&amp;icirc;ri&amp;rsquo;l-Kur&amp;acirc;n&lt;/em&gt; adlı tefsirinde kır&amp;acirc;atlerin izahında Arap şiirinden &amp;ouml;rnekler vermiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın kapsamını Tabers&amp;icirc; tefsirinden se&amp;ccedil;tiğimiz &amp;acirc;yetlerle sınırlandırdık. Bu ama&amp;ccedil;la Tabers&amp;icirc; tefsirinden kır&amp;acirc;at farklılıkları ve şiirden getirilen delilleri i&amp;ccedil;eren on &amp;acirc;yet tespit ettik.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Se&amp;ccedil;ilen &amp;acirc;yetlerde Tabers&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin kıraat a&amp;ccedil;ıklamalarında şiirle istişh&amp;acirc;d y&amp;ouml;ntemini tespit etmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktayız. Bu makalemizde Tabers&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;kır&amp;acirc;at ile ilgili izahlarını &amp;ldquo;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;القراة&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; başlığı altında incelediği, onun tefdirindeki şiirlerin bazılarını T&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;et-Tiby&amp;acirc;n&lt;/em&gt; adlı eserinden bazılarını da Taber&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;el-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;C&amp;acirc;mi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;ʿ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;u&amp;rsquo;l-bey&amp;acirc;n ‛an te&amp;rsquo;v&amp;icirc;li &amp;acirc;yi&amp;rsquo;l-Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt; adlı tefsirinden alıntı yaptığı, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;kır&amp;acirc;at farklılıklarını lafızlarda değişiklik olarak d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;, kelimedeki okuyuş farklılıklarını nahiv kaynaklı hareke değişikliği olarak g&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;, kır&amp;acirc;at değerlendirmelerinde kelimelerin diğer &amp;acirc;yetlerdeki anlamını da g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde bulundurduğu, kır&amp;acirc;atlerin nakil unsurları ile ilgili hi&amp;ccedil;bir a&amp;ccedil;ıklama yapmadığı, kır&amp;acirc;atler arasında a&amp;ccedil;ık&amp;ccedil;a bir tercihte bulunmadığı bununla birlikte onun kır&amp;acirc;at değerlendirmelerinden tercihi hakkında bir sonuca varılabildiği, onun bazı ayetlerde kelimelerin ş&amp;acirc;z okunuşlarını da verirken bazılarında ş&amp;acirc;z kır&amp;acirc;atlara hi&amp;ccedil; değinmediği tespit edilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; background: white; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk193446003"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"&gt;Arabic poetry has an important place in determining grammatical rules. While the poets of the period of ignorance recorded the dialect differences of the words used among the people, they also formed the basis of the grammatical rules of Arabic. In their commentaries, commentators have resorted to Arabic poetry in order to explain the words of the unknown Qur'an and to prove the differences in recitation. It is important to determine the direction of each commentator's istishhad with poetry, as their recitation preferences shape the meaning they give to the verses. The Shiite commentator Tabersi also gave examples from Arabic poetry in his commentary called Majma'u'l-bey&amp;acirc;n f&amp;icirc; tafs&amp;icirc;ri'l-Kuran in explaining the recitations. We limited the scope of the study to the verses we selected from the Tabarsi commentary. For this purpose, we identified ten verses from the Tabarsi commentary that include differences in recitation and evidence from poetry. We aim to identify the method of istishhad with poetry in Tabersi's explanations of recitation in the selected verses. In this article, it has been determined that Tabersi examined his explanations about recitation under the title of &amp;ldquo;&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;القراة&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;, that he quoted some of the poems in his commentary from T&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s work called et-Tiby&amp;acirc;n and some from Taber&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s commentary called el-Jamiʿu&amp;rsquo;l-bey&amp;acirc;n ‛an te&amp;rsquo;v&amp;icirc;li &amp;acirc;yi&amp;rsquo;l-Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n, that he considered the differences in recitation as changes in words, that he considered the differences in reading as changes in vowels originating from grammar, that he took into consideration the meanings of the words in other verses in his recitation evaluations, that he did not make any explanations about the transmission elements of the recitations, that he did not make a clear preference among the recitations, however, a conclusion can be reached about his preference from his recitation evaluations, that he gave the shaz readings of the words in some verses while he did not mention the shaz recitations at all in others.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81314</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[107-125]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/131</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[XX. Yüzyıl Arap Romanında Öne Çıkan Temalar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Prominent Themes Of The Arabic Novel in 20th Century]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammet Selim İPEK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı, Arap Romanı, Filistin Meselesi, İç Savaş, Kimlik ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Literature, Arabic Novel, The Palestinian Issue, Civil War, Identity]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;XX. y&amp;uuml;zyıl Arap romanında &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkan temalar, toplumsal değişim, kimlik arayışı, bireysel &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k, siyasi baskılar ve gelenek ile modernite arasındaki &amp;ccedil;atışmalar etrafında şekillenmiştir. Bu d&amp;ouml;nemde Arap romanı, &amp;ouml;zellikle s&amp;ouml;m&amp;uuml;rgecilik, bağımsızlık m&amp;uuml;cadelesi ve post-kolonyal d&amp;ouml;nemle ilgili derinlemesine eleştiriler sunmuştur. Aynı zamanda, aile yapısı, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve din&amp;icirc; inan&amp;ccedil;lar gibi geleneksel değerlerin etkisi de vurgulanmıştır. Yazarlar, bireylerin i&amp;ccedil;sel d&amp;uuml;nyalarını ve toplumsal yapılarla olan ilişkilerini sorgularken, halkın kolektif hafızası ve tarihsel bağlam da romanlarda &amp;ouml;nemli bir yer tutmuştur. Bu temalar, Arap romanının hem modernleşme s&amp;uuml;recindeki yerini hem de birey ve toplum arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi anlamaya y&amp;ouml;nelik g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir ara&amp;ccedil; olmasını sağlamıştır. XX. y&amp;uuml;zyıl Arap romanında, modernleşmenin getirdiği sosyal ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mlerin yanı sıra, halkın ge&amp;ccedil;mişle y&amp;uuml;zleşme ve tarihsel kimliğini yeniden inşa etme &amp;ccedil;abaları da dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekmektedir. Bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;, &amp;ouml;zellikle milliyet&amp;ccedil;ilik, &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k m&amp;uuml;cadelesi ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel direniş temalarıyla derinleşmiştir. Arap d&amp;uuml;nyasında geleneksel değerler ve modern d&amp;uuml;nya arasındaki gerginlik, romanlarda sıklıkla yer bulmuş; bireysel &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k, toplumsal normlara karşı başkaldırı ve bireyin kimlik arayışı &amp;ouml;n plana &amp;ccedil;ıkmıştır. Ayrıca, Arap romanı, toplumsal eşitsizlik, yoksulluk, kadın hakları gibi &amp;ccedil;ağdaş sorunları ele alarak, okuyucuya toplumsal ger&amp;ccedil;eklikleri sorgulatmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamıştır. Bununla birlikte, dil ve anlatım tarzındaki yeniliklerle birlikte, Arap romancıları Batı edebiyatıyla da etkileşimde bulunarak, kendi k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel kimliklerini yaratma yolunda &amp;ouml;nemli adımlar atmışlardır. T&amp;uuml;m bu temalar, Arap romanının XX. y&amp;uuml;zyıldaki gelişimini şekillendiren ve onu evrensel bir edebi gelenekle buluşturan temel unsurlar arasında yer almaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The prominent themes in 20th-century Arabic novels have been shaped around social change, the search for identity, individual freedom, political pressures, and the conflicts between tradition and modernity. During this period, Arabic novels have provided in-depth critiques, particularly regarding colonialism, the struggle for independence, and the post-colonial era. At the same time, the influence of traditional values such as family structure, gender roles, and religious beliefs has also been emphasized. Writers, while questioning the inner worlds of individuals and their relationship with social structures, have also given significant importance to the collective memory of the people and the historical context in their novels. These themes have made the Arabic novel a powerful tool in understanding both its place in the modernization process and the complex relationship between the individual and society. In the 20th-century Arabic novel, in addition to the social and cultural transformations brought by modernization, the people's effort to confront the past and reconstruct their historical identity has also been notable. This process has deepened through themes such as nationalism, the struggle for freedom, and cultural resistance. The tension between traditional values and the modern world has often appeared in novels, with individual freedom, rebellion against social norms, and the search for personal identity coming to the forefront. Moreover, Arabic novels have aimed to make readers question social realities by addressing contemporary issues such as social inequality, poverty, and women's rights. Along with innovations in language and narrative style, Arabic novelists have also interacted with Western literature, taking important steps in creating their own cultural identity. All these themes are among the fundamental elements that shaped the development of the Arabic novel in the 20th century and connected it to a universal literary tradition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81296</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue Ö1[445-461]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/132</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimleri ve Dini Ayrımcılıkları Arasındaki İlişki]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ Relationship Between Social Dominance Orientations and Perceptions of Religious Discrimination Among University Students]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hatice ŞINGIR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Furkan ÇOLAK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psikoloji, Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi, Dini Ayrımcılık, Ünversite Öğrencileri, Din Psikolojisi, Sosyal Psikoloji.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology, Social Dominance Orientation, Religious Discrimination, University Students, Social Psychology, Psychology of Religion.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Sosyal bir varlık olarak, bir kişi aile, din ve etnik gruplar gibi &amp;ccedil;eşitli gruplara aittir. Bir bireyin ait olduğu bu gruplar, bireyi sosyal olarak şekillendiren ilk kimlik modellerini sağlar ve tanımlanan sosyal gruplar duygularını, d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerini ve sosyal davranışlarını belirleyebilir. Sosyal baskınlık y&amp;ouml;nelimi, Sosyal Baskınlık Teorisi'nin en &amp;ouml;nemli kavramlarından biridir. Sosyal Baskınlık Teorisi, her toplumda grup tabanlı sosyal hiyerarşiler olduğunu varsayar.&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, &amp;uuml;niversite &amp;ouml;ğrencileri arasında sosyal baskınlık y&amp;ouml;nelimi ile dini ayrımcılık arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemekte ve sosyal baskınlık y&amp;ouml;neliminin dini ayrımcılığı yordayıp yordamadığını araştırmaktadır. Araştırmaya 336'sı (%64,7) kadın ve 174'&amp;uuml; (%33,5) erkek olmak &amp;uuml;zere toplam 510 &amp;uuml;niversite &amp;ouml;ğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan veri toplama ara&amp;ccedil;ları Sosyal Baskınlık Y&amp;ouml;nelimi &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği (SDO), Dini Ayrımcılık &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği (RD) ve araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan Kişisel Bilgi Formu'dur. Sosyal baskınlık ile dini ayrımcılık arasında .36'lık anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, sosyal baskınlık y&amp;ouml;neliminin dini ayrımcılığı pozitif y&amp;ouml;nde yordadığı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Katılımcıların inan&amp;ccedil;-ideolojilerine (İslam, Ateizm, Deizm ve diğerleri) g&amp;ouml;re sosyal baskınlık y&amp;ouml;nelimi d&amp;uuml;zeylerinde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde, dini ayrımcılık d&amp;uuml;zeyleri de katılımcıların ideolojilerine g&amp;ouml;re anlamlı şekilde farklılaşmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;SDO puanlarının analizi, ateist olarak tanımlanan bireylerin deist, M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man veya diğer din gruplarına mensup olarak tanımlananlara kıyasla daha y&amp;uuml;ksek sosyal baskınlık y&amp;ouml;nelimi d&amp;uuml;zeyleri sergilediğini ortaya koydu. İlgin&amp;ccedil; bir şekilde, ateistlerin en y&amp;uuml;ksek dini ayrımcılık d&amp;uuml;zeylerini deneyimlediği bulunsa da, sosyal baskınlık y&amp;ouml;neliminde diğer gruplara g&amp;ouml;re daha y&amp;uuml;ksek puan aldılar. &amp;Uuml;niversite &amp;ouml;ğrencilerinin sosyal baskınlık y&amp;ouml;nelimlerinde ve dini ayrımcılık algılarında cinsiyete g&amp;ouml;re anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Sonu&amp;ccedil;lar ilgili literat&amp;uuml;r &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde tartışılmıştır. Araştırma i&amp;ccedil;in gerekli izinler, Gazi &amp;Uuml;niversitesi etik kurulu 20.04.2023 tarihli E-77082166-604.01.02-639263 sayılı karara g&amp;ouml;re onaylanmıştır.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;As a social being, a person belongs to various groups such as family, religion, and ethnic groups. These groups to which an individual belongs provide the first models of identification, shaping the individual socially, and the identified social groups can determine their emotions, thoughts, and social behaviors. Social dominance orientation is one of the most important concepts of Social Dominance Theory. Social Dominance Theory posits that there are group-based social hierarchies in every society. This study examines the relationship between social dominance orientation and religious discrimination among university students and investigates whether social dominance orientation predicts religious discrimination. A total of 510 university students participated in the research, consisting of 336 (64.7%) women and 174 (33.5%) men. The data collection tools used in the study were the Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO), the Religious Discrimination Scale (RD), and a Personal Information Form prepared by the researchers. A significant relationship of .36 was found between social dominance and religious discrimination. Additionally, it was observed that social dominance orientation positively predicts religious discrimination. Significant differences in levels of social dominance orientation were found based on participants' belief-ideology (Islam, Atheism, Deism, and others). An analysis of SDO scores revealed that individuals identifying as atheists exhibited higher levels of social dominance orientation compared to those identifying as deists, Muslims, or belonging to other religious groups. Interestingly, although atheists were found to experience the highest levels of religious discrimination, they also scored higher in social dominance orientation than other groups. Similarly, religious discrimination levels significantly differed according to participants' ideologies. Significant differences were found in university students' social dominance orientations and perceptions of religious discrimination based on gender. The results were discussed within the relevant literature. The necessary permissions for the research were approved according to the decision of Gazi University ethics committee dated 20.04.2023 and numbered E-77082166-604.01.02-639263.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81261</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1139-1153]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/133</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Nahl Suresi 90. Ayet Bağlamında "Münker" Kavramının Fıkhi İncelenmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Legal Examination Of the Concept Of Munkar' in The Context Of Verse 90 Of Surah An-Nahl]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ali ALBAYRAK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslâm Hukuku, inkâr, Münker, Kur’an, Sünnet.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic law, condemnation, Al-Munkar, Qur'an, Sunnah.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu makale, Nahl S&amp;ucirc;resi&amp;rsquo;nin 90. &amp;acirc;yetinde ge&amp;ccedil;en ("Allah, ş&amp;uuml;phesiz, hay&amp;acirc;sızlığı, k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; ve zorbalığı yasaklar.") m&amp;uuml;nkeri (Al-Munkar) yasaklama kavramını ele almaktadır. Al-Munkar, Allah&amp;rsquo;ın emirlerine aykırı olan, İsl&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; değerlere zıt d&amp;uuml;şen ve sağduyu ile doğru &amp;ouml;rf tarafından reddedilen her şeyi ifade eder. &amp;Acirc;limler, Al-Munkarın Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n ve S&amp;uuml;nnet tarafından a&amp;ccedil;ık&amp;ccedil;a yasaklanmış t&amp;uuml;m fiilleri kapsadığı konusunda g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş birliğine varmıştır. Al-Munkarın yasaklanması, İsl&amp;acirc;m ahl&amp;acirc;kının korunması ve toplumun b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n sağlanması a&amp;ccedil;ısından hayati bir &amp;ouml;neme sahiptir. Bu, sadece din&amp;icirc; bir tavsiye değil, g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml; yeten her M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man &amp;uuml;zerine farz olan bir y&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;ml&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;kt&amp;uuml;r. Nitekim Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.v) ş&amp;ouml;yle buyurmuştur: "Sizden kim bir k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;k g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;rse onu eliyle değiştirsin..." Makalede iki temel mesele ele alınmaktadır. Birincisi, Al-Munkarı belirleyen otoritenin &amp;ouml;rf m&amp;uuml; yoksa şeriat mı olduğudur. Hukuk&amp;icirc; bir ilke olarak kabul edilen &amp;ouml;rf, sosyal k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;klerin tespitinde belirli bir rol oynayabilir; ancak bu, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n ve S&amp;uuml;nnet&amp;rsquo;in nasslarına aykırı olmadığı s&amp;uuml;rece ge&amp;ccedil;erlidir. Buna rağmen, &amp;ouml;rfe dayalı h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;m vermenin sınırlandırılması gerekmektedir; aksi h&amp;acirc;lde İsl&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mler tahrif edilebilir. &amp;Ouml;rf, şeriatta a&amp;ccedil;ık&amp;ccedil;a ele alınmamış bazı konuların belirlenmesine katkıda bulunabilir, ancak bağımsız bir otorite olarak kabul edilemez. İkinci mesele, hakkında ihtilaf bulunan konularda m&amp;uuml;nkerin yasaklanıp yasaklanamayacağıdır. Bazı &amp;acirc;limler, a&amp;ccedil;ık bir zarar s&amp;ouml;z konusu olduğunda m&amp;uuml;nkerin yasaklanmasının zorunlu olduğunu savunurken, bazıları ise eğitim ve nezaketin &amp;ouml;n planda tutulması gerektiğini, zorlayıcı y&amp;ouml;ntemlerden ka&amp;ccedil;ınılması gerektiğini ifade etmektedir. Makale, şeriatın toplumsal b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; korurken fıkh&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;eşitliliğe saygı duyulmasını sağlamak amacıyla diyalog ve dengeyi &amp;ouml;nceliklendirdiği sonucuna varmaktadır. Araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi, bu &amp;acirc;yetin diğer Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n &amp;acirc;yetleri, hadisler ve &amp;acirc;limlerin yorumlarıyla karşılaştırılmasına dayanmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, Al-Munkarın tanımı, yasaklanmasının gerekliliği, m&amp;uuml;fessirlerin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri, m&amp;uuml;nkeri yasaklayan kişilerin taşıması gereken nitelikler, bu g&amp;ouml;revin &amp;ouml;nemi ve &amp;ouml;rf ile ihtilaflı meselelerde m&amp;uuml;nkerin yasaklanması konularını ele alan altı b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mden oluşmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This article examines the concept of prohibiting Al-Munkar in the 90th verse of Surah An-Nahl: "Indeed, Allah forbids indecency, wrongdoing, and oppression." Al-Munkar refers to anything that contradicts Allah&amp;rsquo;s commands, opposes Islamic values, and is rejected by sound reason and righteous custom. Scholars unanimously agree that Al-Munkar encompasses all actions explicitly prohibited by the Qur&amp;rsquo;an and Sunnah. The prohibition of Al-Munkar is of vital importance for preserving Islamic ethics and ensuring societal cohesion. This is not merely a religious recommendation but an obligatory duty upon every Muslim who has the ability to enforce it. As the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stated: "Whoever among you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand&amp;hellip;"&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The article addresses two fundamental issues. The first concerns the authority that defines Al-Munkar: is it determined by custom (ʿurf) or by the Shariah? ʿUrf, as a legal principle, may play a role in identifying social evils, but only to the extent that it does not contradict the clear injunctions of the Qur&amp;rsquo;an and Sunnah. Nevertheless, the reliance on ʿurf as a basis for legal rulings must be carefully restricted; otherwise, Islamic rulings may be distorted. While ʿurf can contribute to defining matters not explicitly addressed in Shariah, it cannot be regarded as an independent authority. The second issue concerns whether Al-Munkar can be prohibited in cases of scholarly disagreement. Some scholars argue that if clear harm is evident, the prohibition of Al-Munkar is necessary, whereas others emphasize the need for education and courteous engagement while avoiding coercive measures. The article concludes that Shariah prioritizes dialogue and balance, ensuring both the preservation of social cohesion and respect for legal diversity within Islamic jurisprudence. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81245</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 21 Issue 1[187-222]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/134</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Türkiye'de ve Fransa'da Din Eğitiminin Kıyaslamalı Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Comparative Evaluation of Religious Education in Türkiye and France]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İsmail DEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, Laiklik, Fransa, Türkiye, İslam, Eğitim Politikaları, Müfredat.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Secularism, France, Türkiye, Islam, Education Policies, Curriculum.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu makale, Fransa ve T&amp;uuml;rkiye'deki din eğitiminin tarihsel, yasal, sosyolojik ve sosyo-k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ve pedagojik boyutlarını karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifte incelemektedir. Laiklik anlayışlarında farklı yaklaşımlar benimseyen iki &amp;uuml;lke arasında din eğitimi a&amp;ccedil;ısından da &amp;ouml;nemli farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Fransa'da 1905yılında y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;ğe giren &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;laiklik yasası din ve devlet işleri arasında net bir ayrım yapmış, din eğitimi resmi olarak devlet m&amp;uuml;fredatından &amp;ccedil;ıkarılarak &amp;ouml;zel okullar ve ailelerin sorumluluğuna verilmiştir. T&amp;uuml;rkiye'de din eğitimi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndan Cumhuriyet'e ge&amp;ccedil;iş s&amp;uuml;recinde farklı aşamalardan ge&amp;ccedil;miş olup, 1980'den sonra din eğitimi i&amp;ccedil;in daha esnek kurallar geliştirilmiştir. Bug&amp;uuml;n ise T&amp;uuml;rkiye'de din k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; ve ahlak bilgisi dersleri zorunlu olup, imam hatip liseleri ve ilahiyat fak&amp;uuml;lteleri gibi kurumsal yapılar tarafından daha sistematik din eğitimi verilmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı, Fransa ve T&amp;uuml;rkiye'deki din eğitimi politikalarını karşılaştırmak, iki farklı laiklik vizyonunun din eğitimi &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkilerini incelemek ve bu bağlamda M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man toplulukların din&amp;icirc; kimliklerini koruma s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerini değerlendirmektir. Makale, din eğitiminin toplumsal barışa ve bireysel haklara nasıl katkıda bulunabileceğini &amp;ouml;zel olarak ele almaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, literat&amp;uuml;r taraması, karşılaştırmalı analiz ve resmi eğitim politikasının incelenmesi yoluyla nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemleri kullanılarak y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Fransa ve T&amp;uuml;rkiye'deki eğitim sistemlerinin din eğitimi a&amp;ccedil;ısından nasıl şekillendiğini, her iki &amp;uuml;lkede de dinsel kimlik ve toplum &amp;uuml;zerindeki belirgin etkilerini, ayrıca pedagojik yaklaşımları ve m&amp;uuml;fredat farklılıklarını &amp;ouml;n plana &amp;ccedil;ıkararak analiz etmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This article examines the historical, legal, socio-cultural, and pedagogical dimensions of religious education in France and Turkey in a comparative perspective. There are also significant differences in religious education between the two countries, which adopt different approaches in their understanding of secularism. In France, the 1905 secularism law established a clear separation between religion and state affairs, with religious education being removed from the official state curriculum and placed under the responsibility of private schools and families. Religious education in Turkey went through different stages during the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic, and more flexible rules for religious education were developed after 1980. Today, in Turkey, there are compulsory courses on religious culture and ethics, and more systematic religious education is provided by institutional structures such as Imam Hatip high schools and theology faculties. The aim of this study is to compare religious education policies in France and Turkey, to examine the effects of two different visions of secularism on religious education and, in this context, to assess the processes of Muslim communities in preserving their religious identities. The article specifically addresses how religious education can contribute to social peace and individual rights. The study was conducted using qualitative research methods through a literature review, a comparative analysis and an examination of official education policy. It analyses how the education systems in France and Turkey are shaped in terms of religious education, its effects on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81232</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[923-945]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/135</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İbn Mu‘tî’nin “el-Bedî‘ fî ‘ilmi’l-bedî‘” Adlı Manzum Eserindeki Metodu]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Method of Ibn Mu‘ti in His Poetic Work “Al-Badi‘ fi ‘Ilm al-Badi‘”]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdulmalik ÖMER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Evren TORBALI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Belâgat, Yahyâ bin Mu‘tî, el-Bedî‘ fî ‘ilmi’l-bedî‘, Manzume, Beyân, Me‘ânî, Bedî‘]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Rhetoric, Al-Badi‘ fi ‘ilm al-Badi‘, Yahya ibn mu‘ti, poetic work, Al-Bayan, Al-Ma‘ani, Al-Badi‘]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="Abstractz-KeywordsAnahtarKelimelerBurdurlahiyatDergisi" style="margin-top: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;z &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Bilim insanları, manzum anlatımın ezberlenme kolaylığı ve etkileyiciliği nedeniyle ilimleri şiirsel formda ifade etmeyi tercih etmişlerdir. Nahiv ve dil bilimlerinde erken benimsenen bu y&amp;ouml;ntem, bel&amp;acirc;gat alanında ancak &lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;. hicr&amp;icirc; y&amp;uuml;zyılda yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu bağlamda, İbn Mu&amp;lsquo;t&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;&amp;ldquo;el-Bed&amp;icirc;&amp;lsquo; f&amp;icirc; &amp;lsquo;ilmi&amp;rsquo;l-bed&amp;icirc;&amp;lsquo;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt; adlı eseri, bel&amp;acirc;gat alanındaki erken manzum eserlerden biridir ve bel&amp;acirc;gat &amp;ouml;ğretimine &amp;ouml;nemli bir katkı sunmuştur. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, eserin belirli bir kaynağa dayanıp dayanmadığı, bel&amp;acirc;gat alanındaki ilk manzum eser olup olmadığı, yazarın &amp;uuml;sl&amp;ucirc;bu ve kullanılan ar&amp;ucirc;z kalıplarının &amp;ccedil;eşitliliği ele alınmıştır. İncelemeler, eserin yalnızca bed&amp;icirc;&amp;lsquo; sanatlarını değil, bey&amp;acirc;n ve me&amp;lsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; ilimlerini de i&amp;ccedil;eren toplam 48 farklı bel&amp;acirc;gat sanatını kapsadığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bu geniş kapsam, İbn Mu&amp;lsquo;t&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin bel&amp;acirc;gatı b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l bir disiplin olarak ele aldığını ortaya koymaktadır. &amp;Uuml;sl&amp;ucirc;p a&amp;ccedil;ısından İbn Mu&amp;lsquo;t&amp;icirc;, bazı konuları ayrıntılı, bazılarını ise olduk&amp;ccedil;a &amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml; bi&amp;ccedil;imde sunmuştur. Bel&amp;acirc;gat terimlerini bazen doğrudan tanımlarken, bazen a&amp;ccedil;ıklamadan ge&amp;ccedil;miştir. Klasik Arap şiirinden zengin &amp;ouml;rnekler kullanarak okuyucunun kavrayışını g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirmiştir. Yazarın bilgileri kademeli olarak sunması, eserin eğitsel y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; desteklemektedir. Kaynak incelemeleri, eserin doğrudan bir kaynağa dayanmadığını, ancak &lt;em&gt;&amp;ldquo;el-K&amp;acirc;f&amp;icirc; f&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;l-ar&amp;ucirc;z ve&amp;rsquo;l-kav&amp;acirc;f&amp;icirc;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt; adlı eserle benzerlikler taşıdığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bazı bel&amp;acirc;gat &amp;ouml;rneklerinin iki eserde birebir &amp;ouml;rt&amp;uuml;şmesi, İbn Mu&amp;lsquo;t&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin bu kaynaktan etkilenmiş olabileceğini d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;rmektedir. Bel&amp;acirc;gat alanında bilinen ilk manzum eserlerden biri olan &lt;em&gt;&amp;ldquo;el-Bed&amp;icirc;&amp;lsquo; f&amp;icirc; &amp;lsquo;ilmi&amp;rsquo;l-bed&amp;icirc;&amp;lsquo;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt;, şiirsel anlatımı kullanarak bel&amp;acirc;gat &amp;ouml;ğretiminde &amp;ouml;nemli bir yenilik sunmuştur. Eserde hem &amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml; hem akıcı bir anlatım tercih edilmiş, kimi zaman kısa ve yoğun ifadeler, kimi zaman ayrıntılı a&amp;ccedil;ıklamalar kullanılmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;eşitli edeb&amp;icirc; &amp;ouml;rnekler, kuralların pekiştirilmesine katkıda bulunarak eseri &amp;ouml;nemli bir didaktik kaynak h&amp;acirc;line getirmiştir. Bu y&amp;ouml;nleriyle &lt;em&gt;&amp;ldquo;el-Bed&amp;icirc;&amp;lsquo; f&amp;icirc; &amp;lsquo;ilmi&amp;rsquo;l-bed&amp;icirc;&amp;lsquo;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt;, yalnızca teorik bir katkı sunmakla kalmamış, aynı zamanda bel&amp;acirc;gat bilgisini sistematik ve &amp;ouml;ğretici bir &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede sunan bir eğitim modeli geliştirmiştir. Şiirsel formu sayesinde bel&amp;acirc;gat eğitiminin daha anlaşılır ve ezberlenebilir h&amp;acirc;le gelmesini sağlamış, bu alandaki &amp;ouml;ğretim y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinin gelişiminde &amp;ouml;nemli bir aşamayı temsil etmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="Abstractz-KeywordsAnahtarKelimelerBurdurlahiyatDergisi" style="margin-top: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Abstract &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Scientists have preferred expressing sciences in poetic form due to the ease of memorization and the impact of verse narration. While this method was adopted early in grammar and linguistics, it only became prevalent in rhetoric during the 7th Hijri century. In this context, Ibn Mu&amp;lsquo;ti&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;al-Badi&amp;lsquo; fi &amp;lsquo;Ilm al-Badi&amp;lsquo;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt; is one of the earliest poetic works in the field of rhetoric and has made a significant contribution to its teaching. This study examines whether the work is based on a specific source, whether it is the first poetic work in the field of rhetoric, the author&amp;rsquo;s style, and the variety of prosodic meters used. Analyses show that the work does not only address badi&amp;lsquo; (embellishments) but also includes bayan (eloquence) and ma&amp;lsquo;ani (semantics), covering a total of 48 different rhetorical arts. This broad scope reveals that Ibn Mu&amp;lsquo;ti regarded rhetoric as a comprehensive discipline. In terms of style, Ibn Mu&amp;lsquo;ti presents some topics in detail while expressing others concisely. He defines some rhetorical terms explicitly while omitting explanations for others. By incorporating rich examples from classical Arabic poetry, he enhances the reader&amp;rsquo;s comprehension. His gradual presentation of information reinforces the educational value of the work. Source analyses indicate that the book does not directly reference any particular work but shows similarities to &amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;al-Kafi fi al-&amp;lsquo;Aruḍ wa al-Qawafi&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt;. The overlap of certain rhetorical examples in both texts suggests that Ibn Mu&amp;lsquo;ti may have been influenced by this source. Recognized as one of the earliest known poetic works in rhetoric, &amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;al-Badi&amp;lsquo; fi &amp;lsquo;Ilm al-Badi&amp;lsquo;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt; introduced a significant innovation by using poetic narration for rhetorical instruction. The work features both concise and fluid expression, alternating between brief, dense statements and detailed explanations. The diverse literary examples reinforce key principles, making the book a valuable didactic resource. With these qualities, &amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;al-Badi&amp;lsquo; fi &amp;lsquo;Ilm al-Badi&amp;lsquo;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt; not only provides a theoretical contribution but also establishes a systematic and instructive educational model for rhetoric. Through its poetic form, it has enhanced the comprehensibility and memorability of rhetorical studies, marking a crucial stage in the development of teaching methods in this field.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81225</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1457-1468]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/136</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Seküler Bir Teoloji Mümkün Müdür? Din Dışı Teolojik Yaklaşımların Anlamı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Is a Secular Theology Possible? An Assessment of the Meaning of Non-Religious Theological Approaches]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdulhan ÜNLÜSOY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Felsefe, Din Felsefesi, Teoloji, Seküler Teoloji, A/teizm.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, Theology, Secular Theology, A/theism.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, teoloji alanında olduk&amp;ccedil;a yeni hatta heyecan verici bir gelişme olarak alınabilecek sek&amp;uuml;ler teoloji hakkındadır. Sek&amp;uuml;ler teoloji, bir y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; bizzat felsefenin kendisini diğer y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; ise teolojik alanı ilgilendiren iki temel &amp;ouml;nemi haizdir. Ve bu iki temel alanda geleneksel yaklaşımları aşarak onlardaki bir d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m durumunun sonucudur. Bu alanlardan ilki felsefe alanıdır. Sek&amp;uuml;ler teoloji, felsefeyle teoloji arasındaki ilişkinin yeniden ve başka bir t&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml; d&amp;uuml;zenlenmesinin bir sonucu olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lebilir. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; bu t&amp;uuml;r bir d&amp;uuml;zenlemeyle geleneksel felsefeye tamamen teolojik bir g&amp;ouml;rev y&amp;uuml;klenmiş hatta felsefenin tamamen teolojiye d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şmesi gerektiği iddia edilmiştir. Burada felsefi gayret, b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n bir aşkınlık bi&amp;ccedil;imlerinin ve bir &amp;ouml;te d&amp;uuml;nya fikrine bağlı kavramların y&amp;uuml;klerinden kurtularak tamamen bir i&amp;ccedil;kinlik d&amp;uuml;zlemi i&amp;ccedil;inde yaşamın ve d&amp;uuml;nyaya bağlanmanın bir yolu olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;r. Ve bu yolda felsefe, yaşamı ve d&amp;uuml;nyayı bahsi ge&amp;ccedil;en i&amp;ccedil;kinlik d&amp;uuml;zlemine bağlı kalarak teolojik a&amp;ccedil;ıdan bir anlamlandırma gayreti olarak anlaşılır. B&amp;ouml;yle bir gayrette felsefe ile teoloji arasındaki ilişki farklı bir bi&amp;ccedil;imde kurulup felsefi gayret yeniden tanımlanmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılır. Geleneksel yaklaşımların aşılıp k&amp;ouml;kl&amp;uuml; değişimlerin yaşandığı iki temel alandan diğeri teoloji alanıdır. Bu alanda geleneksel teolojilerin yaşamın &amp;ouml;tesinde konumlanan bir aşkın fikrine bağlı olarak d&amp;uuml;nyayı yorumlamalarından vazge&amp;ccedil;ilmeye &amp;ccedil;alışılır. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; b&amp;ouml;yle bir d&amp;uuml;nya yorumu, bir &amp;ouml;teye bağlanma durumunun bir sonucu olarak d&amp;uuml;nyayı değersizleştirir, aşkın bir ideal ufkunu benimseyerek de yaşamı ıskalama durumunu g&amp;uuml;ndeme getirir. Bu iki alandaki bahsettiğimiz değişimler, bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın konusu olan teoloji ve felsefenin bir birlikteliğiyle d&amp;uuml;nya ve yaşamı yeni ve farklı bir bi&amp;ccedil;imde yorumlama gayretlerini g&amp;uuml;ndeme getirmiştir. Bu gayretlerden teoloji alanıyla ilgili olanı şudur: Teolojinin; tamamen i&amp;ccedil;kin, felsefenin olanaklarıyla her t&amp;uuml;r dini gelenek ya da kabul edilmiş aşkın Tanrı fikrine bağlı olmaksızın ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmesinin m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n olup olmaması. B&amp;ouml;yle bir anlayışının &amp;ouml;zellikle teoloji alanında radikal sonu&amp;ccedil;ları meydana getireceği olduk&amp;ccedil;a a&amp;ccedil;ık bir durumdur. Dolayısıyla g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z d&amp;uuml;nyasının, bu bağlamda ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşen sek&amp;uuml;ler bir teolojinin imk&amp;acirc;nının olduk&amp;ccedil;a yoğun bir bi&amp;ccedil;imde tartışıldığı bir zaman dilimi olduğu s&amp;ouml;ylenilebilir. Yani sek&amp;uuml;ler bir teoloji, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z akademik d&amp;uuml;nyasının felsefi bağlamda karşılaşılan son d&amp;ouml;nem ilgi alanlarından biri haline gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda sek&amp;uuml;ler teoloji, &amp;ccedil;ağdaş felsefi eğilimlerin kavramsal ve terminolojik yardımını alarak teolojide yeni a&amp;ccedil;ılımlar, yeni potansiyellikler, yeni olanaklar arama denemesidir. Bu t&amp;uuml;r bir deneme teoloji alanında &amp;ouml;nemli, verimli fakat aynı zamanda tehlikeli d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mleri g&amp;uuml;ndeme getiren karmaşık bir gayret olmak durumundadır. Peki teoloji alanında kendisini sek&amp;uuml;ler bir tarzda konumlandıran bir teoloji t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n teolojik alana bir katkısı ve faydası olabilir mi? B&amp;ouml;yle bir soruya olumlu cevap vermek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; her t&amp;uuml;r teolojinin sahibi olması gereken eleştirel ve kritik y&amp;ouml;ne, bir teoloji t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; olarak sek&amp;uuml;ler teoloji de sahiptir. Sek&amp;uuml;ler teoloji, sahibi olduğu bu eleştirel ve kritik y&amp;ouml;nle teolojik alana ciddi ve &amp;ouml;nyargısız eğilmeyi, bu alanı tekrar ve yeniden g&amp;ouml;zden ge&amp;ccedil;irerek yolunda gitmeyen durumlara yoğunlaşmayı gerektirir. B&amp;ouml;yle bir gayret teoloji alanına s&amp;uuml;rekli bir ilgiyi g&amp;uuml;ndeme getirerek bu alanın diri ve canlı tutulması a&amp;ccedil;ısından da &amp;ouml;nemlidir. İşte bu &amp;ccedil;alışma sek&amp;uuml;ler bir teolojinin imk&amp;acirc;nını, teoloji alanındaki kavramsal ve terminolojik a&amp;ccedil;ılımlarını, avantaj ve dezavantajlarını ele alma denemesidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;This study is about secular theology, which can be considered as a new and even exciting development in the field of theology. Secular theology has two fundamental importances, one of which concerns philosophy itself and the other theological field. And it is the result of a transformation in these two fundamental fields by transcending traditional approaches. The first of these fields is the field of philosophy. Secular theology can be seen as the result of a reorganization of the relationship between philosophy and theology in a different way. Because with such an organization, traditional philosophy is given a completely theological task and it is even claimed that philosophy should be completely transformed into theology. Here, philosophical endeavor is seen as a way of connecting to life and the world within a completely immanent plane, freeing itself from the burdens of all forms of transcendence and concepts related to the idea of an afterlife. And in this path, philosophy is understood as an effort to make sense of life and the world from a theological perspective by adhering to the aforementioned immanent plane. In such an endeavor, the relationship between philosophy and theology is established in a different way and the philosophical endeavor is tried to be redefined. The other of the two main areas where traditional approaches are overcome and radical changes are experienced is the field of theology. In this area, attempts are made to abandon the interpretation of the world by traditional theologies based on a transcendent idea positioned beyond life. Because such an interpretation of the world devalues the world as a result of being attached to something beyond, and adopts a transcendent ideal horizon, thus missing life. The changes we mentioned in these two areas have brought to the agenda the efforts to interpret the world and life in a new and different way with the unity of theology and philosophy, which is the subject of this study. The one related to the field of theology is as follows: Whether theology can be realized completely immanently, with the possibilities of philosophy, without being dependent on any kind of religious tradition or accepted transcendent idea of God. It is quite obvious that such an understanding will bring about radical results, especially in the field of theology. Therefore, it can be said that today's world is a period in which the possibility of a secular theology realized in this context is discussed quite intensely. In other words, secular theology is becoming one of the recent areas of interest encountered in the philosophical context of today's academic world. In this context, secular theology is an attempt to seek new openings, new potentialities, and new possibilities in theology by taking the conceptual and terminological help of contemporary philosophical trends. Such an attempt must be a complex effort that brings important, productive, but also dangerous transformations to the field of theology. So, can a type of theology that positions itself in a secular manner in the field of theology contribute and benefit the field of theology? It is possible to answer such a question positively. Because secular theology, as a type of theology, also has the critical and critical aspect that every type of theology should have. Secular theology, with this critical and critical aspect it possesses, requires a serious and unprejudiced approach to the field of theology, to review this field again and again and to focus on situations that do not go well. Such an effort is also important in terms of bringing a continuous interest to the field of theology and keeping this field alive and vibrant. This study is an attempt to address the possibility of a secular theology, its conceptual and terminological expansions in the field of theology, and its advantages and disadvantages.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81224</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1487-1502]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/137</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Prososyallik, Ahlâkî Zekâ ve Dindarlık İlişkisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Relationship Between Prosociality, Moral Intelligence and Religiosity]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Selahattin YAKUT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din psikolojisi, Prososyallik, Ahlaki zeka, Din, Dindarlık]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of religion, Prosociality, Moral intelligence, Religion, Religiosity]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Sosyal bilimlerde insanın biyo-psiko-sosyo-k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel bir varlık olarak anlamlandırılması, onun &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu ve farklı kaynaklardan beslenen yapısına atıf niteliğindedir. Bu yapının şekillenmesinin ve işlevsel hale gelmesinin en temel dinamiği olarak kalıtım ve &amp;ccedil;evre etkileşimini g&amp;ouml;stermek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. S&amp;ouml;z konusu etkileşimi, insanın duygusal, bilişsel, zihinsel, psikolojik d&amp;uuml;nyasının şekillenmesinde ve hayata dair d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce kalıplarının oluşmasında da g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir belirleyici olarak nitelemek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. Bu bağlamda başkalarına yarar sağlama niyetini ifade eden pro-sosyalliği, bireysel ve toplumsal anlamda en doğru ve en yararlı olanın bilin&amp;ccedil;li tercihine atıfta bulunan ahlaki zekayı, evrensel insani değerleri &amp;ouml;nceleyen bir yaklaşımı dile getiren dindarlığı, bu s&amp;uuml;recin bir par&amp;ccedil;ası olarak anlamlandırmak m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. Bu doğrultuda &amp;ccedil;alışmamız prososyallik, ahlaki zeka ve dindarlık arasındaki ilişkinin niteliğini, olası ilişkinin y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ve şiddetini anlama ve &amp;ccedil;eşitli değişkenlerin bu olgular &amp;uuml;zerindeki etki d&amp;uuml;zeylerini belirleme amacı taşımaktadır. Veriler, &amp;ccedil;alışmamıza g&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ll&amp;uuml; olarak katılan 216 kadın (%65.9)&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;ve 112 erkek (%34.1) olmak &amp;uuml;zere toplam 338 katılımcıya&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;google form &amp;uuml;zerinden online olarak &amp;ldquo;Kişisel Bilgi Formu&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Prososyallik &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Ahlaki Zeka &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;İ&amp;ccedil;sel Dini Y&amp;ouml;nelim &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği&amp;rdquo; uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 22.0 programın kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım aralığında olmadıkları tespitinden hareketle nonparametrik testlerden Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H, Spearman Korelasyon analizi ve gruplar arası fark i&amp;ccedil;in de post hoc testi anlamlılık d&amp;uuml;zeyi p&amp;lt;0.05 olarak kabul edilerek uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda prososyallik, ahlaki zeka ve dindarlık arasındaki ilişki pozitif y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; ve anlamlı bulunmuş; ekonomik durum, yaş ve eğitim d&amp;uuml;zeyi değişkenlerinin de prososyallik, ahlaki zeka ve dindarlık &amp;uuml;zerinde anlamlı farklar oluşturdukları tespit edilmiştir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 3.0pt 0cm 3.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;In social sciences, the meaning of man as a bio-psycho-socio-cultural being is a reference to his multidimensional structure that is fed by different sources. It is possible to show the interaction of heredity and environment as the most fundamental dynamic of the formation and functioning of this structure. It is also possible to describe the interaction in question as a strong determinant in the formation of the emotional, cognitive, mental and psychological world of man and the formation of thought patterns about life. In this context, it is possible to interpret pro-sociality, which expresses the intention to benefit others, moral intelligence, which refers to the conscious choice of what is most correct and most useful in individual and social terms, and religiosity, which expresses an approach that prioritizes universal human values, as a part of this process. In this direction, our study aims to understand the nature of the relationship between prosociality, moral intelligence and religiosity, the direction and intensity of the possible relationship, and to determine the levels of influence of various variables on these phenomena. Data were obtained by applying the &amp;ldquo;Personal Information Form&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Prosociality Scale&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Moral Intelligence Scale&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;Internal Religious Orientation Scale&amp;rdquo; to a total of 338 participants, 216 female (%65.9) and 112 male (%34.1) who volunteered for our study, online via Google Form. SPSS 22.0 program was used in the analysis of the data. Based on the determination that the data were not in the normal distribution range, nonparametric tests such as Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H, Spearman Correlation analysis and post hoc test for the difference between groups were applied by accepting the significance level as p&amp;lt;0.05. As a result of the research, the relationship between prosociality, moral intelligence and religiosity was found to be positive and significant; it was determined that the variables of economic status, age and education level also created significant differences on prosociality, moral intelligence and religiosity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 3.0pt 0cm 3.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81222</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[2309-2330]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/138</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Çağdaş Alimlerden Mehdî el-Mahzûmî ve Nahiv İlminin Kolaylaştırmasına Dair Çabaları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Contemporary Scholars: Mehdî al-Mahzûmî and His Efforts in Simplifying the Science of Arabic Syntax]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hamit SALİHOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap dili ve Belagatı, Gramer, Mehdî el-Mahzûmî, Nahiv İlminin Kolaylaştırılması ve Yenilenmesi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Grammar, Mehdî al-Mahzûmî, Simplification and Renewal of the Science of Syntax.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; tab-stops: 35.45pt 74.3pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Nahiv ilmi, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m ve hadislerin doğru anlaşılmasında b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k rol&amp;uuml; olan, kişiyi dil hatalarından koruyan, Arap dili gramerinin en &amp;ouml;nemli bilim dalıdır. Başta Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;in korunması amacıyla kurulan nahiv, zamanla dilciler tarafından yavaş yavaş, asıl amacından uzaklaştırılmış ve kendi başına bir disiplin haline gelmiştir. Nitekim bu bilim dalının kaide ve kuralları dilciler tarafından tesis edilirken, usul ve esasları belirlenirken, başta &amp;acirc;mil teorisi olmak &amp;uuml;zere bu ilim dalıyla alakası olmayan bazı felsefi ve kelam&amp;icirc; terim ve ıstılahlar onlar tarafından icat edilmiştir. Nahiv ilminin yabancı olduğu bu terim ve ıstılahların, nahiv ilmine n&amp;uuml;fuz etmesiyle bu ilim asıl amacından uzaklaşmış, Arap dili &amp;ouml;zelliklerinden yoksun olmuş, anlaşılması zor bir bilim dalına d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şm&amp;uuml;ş ve diyalektik bir disipline b&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Nahiv bilginleri de bu ilme dair yeni problemleri varsayarak onlara &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mler getirmek amacıyla akli ve mantıki olan tahlillerini bu alanda ortaya sergilemeye &amp;ccedil;alışmış ve nahiv ilminin Arap kelamına olan faydasını ve temel g&amp;ouml;revini ikinci plana atmışlardır. Nahiv ilminin ıslah ve ihyası i&amp;ccedil;in birka&amp;ccedil; dilci tarafından bazı girişimler olmuş ise de bu girişimler, istenilen sonucu vermemiş, nahiv ilminin kaybettiği g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml; ve canlılığını ona kazandırmamış, bazı şekilsel yeniliklerin dışında nahiv ilminin b&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nm&amp;uuml;ş olduğu durumu d&amp;uuml;zeltmemiş ve ona yeni bir metot sunmamıştır. Zamanla nahiv ilmine sirayet eden felsefi bilgilerin, mantık ve kelam ilmine dair y&amp;ouml;ntem, kavram ve terimlerin, nahiv ilminden &amp;ccedil;ıkarmak amacıyla Mehd&amp;icirc; el-Mahz&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc; tarafından &amp;ouml;nemli &amp;ccedil;alışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede nahiv ilminin kolaylaştırmasına y&amp;ouml;nelik geniş &amp;ccedil;aplı ve kapsayıcı girişimleri olmuştur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="tr" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: #001F;"&gt;The science of syntax (nahiv) plays a significant role in the correct understanding of the Qur&amp;rsquo;an and hadith, protects individuals from language mistakes, and is one of the most important branches of Arabic grammar. Initially established to preserve the Qur'an, syntax was gradually diverted from its original purpose by linguists and evolved into an independent discipline. While the rules and principles of this science were established by linguists, some philosophical and theological terms and concepts unrelated to the field such as the theory of agents (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;acirc;mil theory) were invented by them during the establishment of its principles. As these foreign terms infiltrated the science of syntax, it strayed from its original goal, lost its connection to the characteristics of the Arabic language, became a complex and difficult discipline, and transformed into a dialectical science. Syntax scholars, in an attempt to solve emerging problems, provided intellectual and logical analyses, but in doing so, they sidelined the original function of syntax in Arabic discourse. Although some linguists made efforts to revive and reform syntax, these initiatives did not yield the desired results, and the power and vitality that syntax had lost were not restored. Except for some formal innovations, these attempts did not correct the state of syntax nor offer a new methodology. Over time, Mehd&amp;icirc; al-Mahz&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc; conducted significant work to remove philosophical knowledge and terms related to logic and theology that had infiltrated the field of syntax. In this context, he made extensive and comprehensive efforts toward the renewal and simplification of syntax.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81182</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1399-1416]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/139</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Dijital İletişim ve Din]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Digital Communication and Religion]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet BÖLÜKBAŞI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dijital İletişim, Din, Sosyal Yaşantı, Medya, Covid-19]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Digital Communication, Religion, Social Life, Media, Covid-19]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;G&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde dijital iletişim, yalnızca teknik y&amp;ouml;nleriyle değil, toplumsal hayatımıza olan etkileriyle de &amp;ouml;nemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Tarih boyunca insanlık, mevcut limitlerin &amp;ouml;tesine ge&amp;ccedil;erek yeni teknolojiler yaratmış ve bu yenilikler, toplumların d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ne katkıda bulunmuştur. İletişim alanındaki ilerlemeler, bireylerin toplumla ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerini k&amp;ouml;kl&amp;uuml; bir şekilde değiştirmiştir. 1990'lı yıllarda hayatımıza giren internet, bize zamandan ve mek&amp;acirc;ndan bağımsız bir etkileşim alanı sunarak sosyal bağlantılarımızı dijital platformlara taşımış ve yeni bir k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ortamın oluşmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Din, tarih boyunca &amp;ouml;nemli bir toplumsal kurum olarak sosyal yaşam &amp;uuml;zerinde g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir etkiye sahip olmuş ve toplumların iletişiminin gelişiminde dini iletişim de teknolojiden etkilenmiştir. İ&amp;ccedil;inde bulunduğumuz dijital &amp;ccedil;ağda, dini pratikler de bu teknolojik gelişmelerden b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de etkilenmiştir. Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında, pek &amp;ccedil;ok insan dinin rahatlatıcı ve destekleyici etkisine ihtiya&amp;ccedil; duyarak dini uygulamalarını &amp;ccedil;evrim i&amp;ccedil;i ortamlara taşımıştır. Bu d&amp;ouml;nemde artan manevi ihtiya&amp;ccedil;lar, bireylerin sosyal ve fiziksel izolasyon nedeniyle ibadethanelerden uzak kalmalarına yol a&amp;ccedil;mış, bu da dijital platformların yeni bir alan olarak benimsenmesine sebep olmuştur. Sosyal medyanın y&amp;uuml;ksek etkileşim imk&amp;acirc;nı sunan yapısı, dini vaazlar ve s&amp;ouml;yleşilerin yapılabildiği, dini pratiklerin &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rce uygulanabildiği bir yer olarak tercih edilmiştir. Bu platformlar sayesinde insanlar, karşılıklı soru sorma ve cevap alma etkinliklerine katılıp ve sohbeti izleyen diğer kullanıcılarla iletişim kurabilir hale gelmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı, iletişim teknolojilerindeki değişimlerle dini pratikler arasındaki dijitalleşme ile din arasındaki ilişkiye dair katkıda bulunmaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Today, digital communication plays an important role not only in its technical aspects but also in its impact on our social life. Throughout history, humanity has created new technologies by going beyond existing limits and these innovations have contributed to the transformation of societies. Advances in the field of communication have radically changed the relations of individuals with society and with each other. The internet, which entered our lives in the 1990s, has provided us with an interaction area independent of time and space, moved our social connections to digital platforms and paved the way for the formation of a new cultural environment. Religion has had a strong impact on social life as an important social institution throughout history, and religious communication has been affected by technology in the development of societies' communication. In the digital age we are in, religious practices have also been greatly affected by these technological developments. During the Covid-19 pandemic, many people moved their religious practices to online environments, needing the comforting and supportive effect of religion. Increasing spiritual needs in this period led individuals to stay away from places of worship due to social and physical isolation, which led to the adoption of digital platforms as a new space. The highly interactive structure of social media has been preferred as a place where religious sermons and conversations can be held and religious practices can be freely practised. Thanks to these platforms, people can participate in mutual questioning and answering activities and communicate with other users who follow the conversation. The aim of this study is to contribute to the relationship between digitalization and religion, between changes in communication technologies and religious practices.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81177</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 4[1801-1814]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/140</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ayetin Muhkem Oluşunun Mensuh Oluşuna Öncelenmesi: Nisâ Suresinin 15 ve 16. Ayetleri Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[On Prioritizing Validating (İhkam) over Abrogating (Naskh): Example of Verses 15 and 16 of Surah An-Nisa]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdulsalam YOUUSEF]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Maşallah TURAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İhkam, Nesih, Zina, Lezbiyen, Livata.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[: İhkam, Nesih, Zina, Lezbiyen, Livata]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 14.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin: 3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;Kur'an-ı anlamanın &amp;ouml;nemli bir usul kuralı ayetler arası ihkamın nesihten evla oldu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;udur. Dolayısıyla nesih sadece iki ayet arasındaki zahiri bir &amp;ccedil;eli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;kiden dolayı ileri s&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lmemelidir. Belki ikincisi birincinin a&amp;ccedil;ıklaması, tahsisi, istisnası ya da &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;ayesidir. Bu durumlarda da birincinin neshedildi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;ini s&amp;ouml;ylemek do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;ru de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;ildir. Konuyu -uzun uzadıya- tartı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;mak ve ele almak i&amp;ccedil;in, bir &amp;ouml;rnek &amp;uuml;zerinden zikretmek gerekiyor: Nisa suresinin 15. ve 16. ayetleri... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;İ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;lki kadınların hapsedilmesinden, ikincisi ise erkeklerin zarar vermesinden bahsediyor. &amp;Ccedil;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;u ki&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;i, bu iki ayetin Nur suresinin ikinci ayeti olan kırba&amp;ccedil; ayetiyle neshedildi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;i g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;&amp;uuml;ndeyken, bazıları da iki ayetin muhkem kabul edildi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;i g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;&amp;uuml;ndedir. Daha sonra bu bazıları da iki ayetin muhkemlik y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; noktasında ihtilafa d&amp;uuml;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;t&amp;uuml;ler. Bu makale konuyu t&amp;uuml;mevarım metodu kullanarak analitik bir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;ekilde ele almı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;tır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak Nisa suresindeki iki ayetin muhkem oldu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;u ve Nur suresindeki ayet ile neshedilmedi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;ini ortaya koymu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;tur. Bu husus iki y&amp;ouml;nden ortaya konulmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;tur. Birincisi, hapis, zarar verme ve kırba&amp;ccedil;lamanın farklı olması, bunların birle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;tirilebilen farklı cezalar olması ve aralarında herhangi bir &amp;ccedil;eli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;ki olmaması a&amp;ccedil;ısından bunları Nur suresindeki ayet ile uzla&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;tırmak veya burada bir genelleme, beyan ve tahsis oldu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ğ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;unu s&amp;ouml;ylemek. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;İ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;kincisi: Nis&amp;acirc; suresindeki iki ayet, kadın ve erkek arasındaki zinaya ili&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;kin iki farklı h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mden s&amp;ouml;z etmektedir. Lezbiyenlik ve livatadan s&amp;ouml;z etmektedir ve bu, bazı m&amp;uuml;fessir, usulc&amp;uuml; ve b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k fıkıh&amp;ccedil;ıların g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"&gt;ş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;r&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 107%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif;"&gt;Among the principles of how to interpret the Holy Qur'an: That is, validating a verse is more appropriate than abrogating it, i.e., saying that a verse is valid is more appropriate than saying that it is abrogated. Therefore, it is not valid to say that a verse is abrogated just because of an initial contradiction between two verses, as the second verse may be a clarification of the first, a particularization of it, an exclusion from it, or a directive to an ultimate objective, thus, it is not valid to say that the first verse is abrogated. To address this issue further, it is necessary to mention an example, namely: The fifteenth and sixteenth verses of Surah al-Nisa, where the first verse addresses the imprisonment of women, while the second verse addresses causing hurt to men. Most scholars have argued that the second verse of Surah al-Nur - the verse about lashing - has nullified the two verses, while others have argued that the two verses are authoritative and valid. Then these other scholars disagreed in indicating the validation and interpretation of the two verses so that the ostensible contradiction is removed&lt;span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The article deals with this topic through a comparative inductive analytical methodology. It concludes that the two verses in Surah al-Nisa are mu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;ḥ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;kamah (valid) and have not been abrogated by the verse in Surah al-Nur. This is achieved through directing these verses from two aspects, the first of which is to reconcile them with the verse of al-Nur in terms of the distinction between imprisonment, harm and lashing, and that they are different punishments that can be combined without contradicting each other, or that there is a generalization, clarification and particularization in this regard. The second is that the two verses in Surah al-Nisa refer to two different judgments about adultery between a man and a woman, as they relate to lesbianism and sodomy, a view held by some interpreters, usulis, and major fiqh scholars&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=81155</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1565-1580]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/141</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Günümüz Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Örgün Eğitiminde Din Dersi Olmalı mı? Psikolojik Açıdan Bir Değerlendirme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Should Religion be Taught in Early Childhood Period of Formal Education Today? An Evaluation from a Psychological Perspective]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hümeyra Nazlı TAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Din Eğitimi, DKAB Dersi, Erken Çocukluk Dönemi, Örgün Eğitim]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Religious Education, Religion and Morality Lesson, Early Childhood Period, Formal Education ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"&gt;Erken &amp;ccedil;ocukluk d&amp;ouml;neminde din eğitimi sıklıkla ve pek &amp;ccedil;ok a&amp;ccedil;ıdan tartışılan bir konudur. Son MEB Ş&amp;ucirc;ra toplantısında &amp;ldquo;T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de erken &amp;ccedil;ocukluk d&amp;ouml;nemi &amp;ouml;ğretim programlarında din ve ahlak temalı dersler yer almalı&amp;rdquo; kararı ile birlikte bu konu yeniden g&amp;uuml;ndeme gelmiş ve konunun &amp;ccedil;eşitli boyutlarıyla ele alınıp incelenmesi, &amp;ouml;zellikle g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z şartlarına uygun bir şekilde bu eğitiminin nasıl olması gerektiği konusu temel bir araştırma problemi olarak ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkmıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede araştırma, erken &amp;ccedil;ocukluk d&amp;ouml;nemi &amp;ouml;rg&amp;uuml;n eğitim programlarına d&amp;acirc;hil edilmesi &amp;ouml;ng&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;len din ve ahlak eğitimini, insan psikolojisinin bilişsel ve duyuşsal fonksiyonları a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirmeyi ve &amp;ouml;zellikle g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z şartlarına uygun bir şekilde bu eğitiminin nasıl olması gerektiği y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde bir bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırma ayrıca bu kapsamda &amp;ccedil;ok sık tartışılan &amp;ldquo;g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;z erken &amp;ccedil;ocukluk d&amp;ouml;nemi &amp;ouml;rg&amp;uuml;n eğitiminde din dersi olmalı mı?&amp;rdquo; sorusu etrafındaki tartışmaları da din eğitiminin psikolojik temelleri &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde ele alıp incelemektedir. Bu doğrultuda alan yazını taranmış, elde edilen veriler nitel araştırma deseninde &amp;ouml;nceden belirlenen temalara g&amp;ouml;re d&amp;uuml;zenlenmiştir.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"&gt;Araştırmanın sonucuna g&amp;ouml;re; son d&amp;ouml;nemlerde yapılan bilimsel &amp;ccedil;alışmalarla, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde erken &amp;ccedil;ocukluk d&amp;ouml;nemi &amp;ouml;rg&amp;uuml;n din eğitiminin, psikolojik a&amp;ccedil;ıdan farklı bir bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısı ile temellendirilebileceği tespit edilmiştir. Erken &amp;ccedil;ocukluk d&amp;ouml;nemindeki din eğitiminin &amp;ccedil;ocuğun bilişsel gelişim aşamaları &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde kısıtlanması gerektiği ya da sakıncalı olduğu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ndeki tezler bazı genellemelere dayanmakta ve realiteyi tam olarak yansıtmamaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;ocukların erken yaşlardan itibaren dinle olan reel ilişkilerinin ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarılması, organize edilmiş &amp;ouml;rg&amp;uuml;n bir din eğitiminin, &amp;ccedil;ocuk psikolojisi a&amp;ccedil;ısından ne kadar &amp;ouml;nemli bir ihtiya&amp;ccedil; olduğunu g&amp;ouml;zler &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne sermektedir. Bu nedenle araştırmada bu d&amp;ouml;nemdeki &amp;ccedil;ocuklara, ihtiya&amp;ccedil;larına uygun din ve maneviyat eğitimi verilmesinin, eğitimin genel ama&amp;ccedil;ları doğrultusunda faydalı olacağı kanaati paylaşılmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;ocukların &amp;ouml;zellikle son zamanlarda daha &amp;ccedil;ok gelişen &amp;ouml;zellikleri yani tıpkı yetişkinler gibi kendi yollarıyla deneyimledikleri &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m, yalnızlık, anlam ve &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k gibi meseleler &amp;uuml;zerine geliştirdikleri teolojik d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nme yetenekleri ve bu doğrultudaki kozalite anlayışları g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde bulundurularak erken &amp;ccedil;ocukluk d&amp;ouml;nemi &amp;ouml;rg&amp;uuml;n din &amp;ouml;ğretim programlarının geliştirilmesine ihtiya&amp;ccedil; duyulmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Religious education in early childhood is a controversial topic in many respects. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"&gt;Recent resolutions in the Ministry of National Education&amp;rsquo;s coordination meetings have raised the topic of adding religion- and morality-themed courses to early childhood curricula in Turkey. Addressing this question, the study intends to assess early childhood religious and moral education that is intended to be a part of formal education programs in Turkey in terms of human psychology&amp;rsquo;s cognitive and affective functions and offer an opinion on how this education ought to be in line with current circumstances. The article essentially frames all these issues around the question, &amp;ldquo;Should religious education be part of early childhood formal education?&amp;rdquo; To answer this question, we conducted a literature review and organized the collected data using pre-established themes in a qualitative study design. In conclusion, the study shows that recent scientific research has grounded early childhood formal religious education in a different psychological perspective. Accordingly, the theses that religious education in early childhood should be restricted or objectionable within the framework of the child&amp;rsquo;s cognitive developmental stages are based on some generalizations and do not fully reflect reality. Exploring children&amp;rsquo;s real relationship with religion from an early age reveals how important organized, formal religious education is for child psychology. Formal education processes cannot ignore children&amp;rsquo;s real relationship with religion from an early age. This situation emphasizes the importance of religious education in terms of child psychology. In this regard, the study expressed the belief that tailoring religious and spiritual education to the needs of children can be beneficial and align with the overall goals of education. The need for the development of early childhood formal religious education programs is felt more strongly when we consider the theological thinking skills and understanding of causality that children develop on issues such as death, loneliness, meaning, and freedom, which they experience in their own way, just like adults.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80884</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[637-655]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/142</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kışkırtmanın İslam Hukukunda Suç Sayılması Geleneksel ve Çağdaş Yaklaşımlar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Kışkırtmanın İslam Hukukunda Suç Sayılması Geleneksel ve Çağdaş Yaklaşımlar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Shavish MURAD]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Fıkıh, Suç, Kışkırtma, Geleneksel, Modernite.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Jurisprudence, Crime, Incitement, Authenticity, Contemporary.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, kışkırtma kavramını, t&amp;uuml;rlerini ve ara&amp;ccedil;larını a&amp;ccedil;ıklamayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamakta; aynı zamanda, kışkırtmanın su&amp;ccedil; sayılmasına dair fıkhi bir okuma sunarak, konuyla ilgili Kur&amp;rsquo;an ayetlerini ve hadisleri incelemektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, fıkıh &amp;acirc;limlerinin kışkırtmaya bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısını ele alarak, alimler tarafından kışkırtmanın su&amp;ccedil; sayıldığı en belirgin &amp;ouml;rnekleri de ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmada, kışkırtma kavramının dini ve sosyal bağlamlardaki anlamını incelemek amacıyla analitik y&amp;ouml;ntem kullanılmış; dini metinler ile şiddete veya su&amp;ccedil;lara teşvik i&amp;ccedil;eren somut olaylar analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kışkırtma kavramının zaman i&amp;ccedil;indeki gelişimini ortaya koymak, farklı fıkhi g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri incelemek ve kışkırtmaya dair şer&amp;rsquo;&amp;icirc; ve fıkhi delilleri toplamak i&amp;ccedil;in betimsel y&amp;ouml;ntemden yararlanılmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada, kışkırtmanın bir kişiyi belirli bir fiili işlemeye teşvik etme veya y&amp;ouml;nlendirme anlamına geldiği vurgulanmıştır; bu fiil iyi de olabilir k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml; de. Kur&amp;rsquo;an-ı Kerim&amp;rsquo;de kışkırtma, m&amp;uuml;minleri savaşa teşvik etme bağlamında ele alınırken, fıkıh terminolojisinde teşvik, cesaretlendirme veya &amp;ouml;zendirme olarak tanımlanır. Kışkırtma, başkalarını su&amp;ccedil; işlemeye veya ahlaki, dini ya da toplumsal a&amp;ccedil;ıdan k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml; kabul edilen fiillere y&amp;ouml;nlendirme anlamına da gelir. Kışkırtma t&amp;uuml;rleri arasında; g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; kullanımını teşvik eden şiddet kışkırtması, fitne &amp;ccedil;ıkarmayı veya h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;metlere karşı isyanı ama&amp;ccedil;layan siyasi kışkırtma, toplumsal ve manevi d&amp;uuml;zeni tehdit eden yozlaşma, nefret ve ırk&amp;ccedil;ılık kışkırtması yer almaktadır. Kışkırtma ara&amp;ccedil;ları olduk&amp;ccedil;a &amp;ccedil;eşitlidir; para veya makam vaatleri, tehdit, aldatma, fiziksel zarar verme ve yetki kullanarak zararlı eylemlere teşvik etme gibi unsurlar bunlar arasında sayılabilir. Modern &amp;ccedil;ağda, sosyal medyanın en tehlikeli kışkırtma ara&amp;ccedil;larından biri h&amp;acirc;line geldiği, olumsuz fikirlerin hızla ve geniş &amp;ccedil;apta yayılmasına imk&amp;acirc;n sağladığı vurgulanmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, İslam hukukuna g&amp;ouml;re haram fiillere kışkırtmanın su&amp;ccedil; teşkil ettiğini, Kur&amp;rsquo;an ve hadislerin fitne ve k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;ğe teşviki yasakladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Fıkıh &amp;acirc;limleri, şiddet veya bozgunculuğa &amp;ccedil;ağrılardan ka&amp;ccedil;ınılması gerektiğini vurgulamakta ve kışkırtmanın toplumların yıkımına yol a&amp;ccedil;abileceğini ifade etmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This study aims to clarify the concept of incitement, its types and means, in addition to presenting a jurisprudential reading of the criminalization of incitement by reviewing the Qur'anic texts and hadiths related to it. the study also addresses the jurists' views on incitement and reviews the most prominent examples of cases in which incitement has been criminalized by scholars, the study adopted the analytical approach to study the concept of incitement in religious and social contexts by analyzing religious texts and actual cases of incitement to violence or crime, ıt also used the descriptive method to present the evolution of the concept of incitement over time, review the different jurisprudential opinions about it, and collect legal and jurisprudential evidence related to incitement and its punishment, the study emphasized that incitement means enticing or pushing towards a certain action, whether good or evil, and that in the Quran it is manifested in urging the believers to fight. In jurisprudential terminology, incitement is defined as enticing or encouraging an act or tempting it. Incitement also deals with pushing others to commit crimes or bad deeds, whether moral, religious or social, types of incitement include incitement to violence, which calls for the use of force, political incitement that aims to stir up sedition or rebellion against governments, and incitement to corruption, hatred, and racism that threatens the social and spiritual order, the means of incitement are multiple, such as the promise of money or positions, threats, deception, physical harm, and the use of power to incite harmful actions, with the development of the era, social media has become one of the most dangerous means of incitement, as negative ideas can be spread quickly and widely. The study showed that incitement to harmful acts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80872</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1297-1316]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/143</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Meânî Kurallarının Kur’ân Meâllerine Yansıması]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Reflection of Rules of Maānī on Qur’ānic Translations]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Tunahan ERDOĞAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kübra YÜCE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Belâgatı, Belâgat, Meânî, Kur’ân, Çeviri, Meâl]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Rhetoric, Semantic, Qur’ān, Translation, Qur’ān translations]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n, dil ve şiirde &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml;n meziyetlere sahip olup bel&amp;acirc;gat ve fes&amp;acirc;hat y&amp;ouml;nleri ile temay&amp;uuml;z eden ve bunun iftihar vesilesi sayıldığı bir toplumda ne kadar &amp;ccedil;aba harcansa da kendisinin bir benzerinin getirilemeyeceği şeklinde bir meydan okuma (tehadd&amp;icirc;) ile n&amp;acirc;zil olmuştur. Bu meydan okuma Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e (s.a.v.) verilen ve kıyamete kadar devam edecek bir mucize olup aynı zamanda n&amp;uuml;b&amp;uuml;vvetinin ispatı olarak kabul edilmiştir Ali er-Rumm&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;l. 384/994) ve onu takip eden bel&amp;acirc;gat&amp;ccedil;ılar bel&amp;acirc;gatı en y&amp;uuml;ksek, en d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;k ve orta olmak &amp;uuml;zere &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; dereceye ayırmıştır. Bu taksimata g&amp;ouml;re bel&amp;acirc;gatın en y&amp;uuml;ksek seviyesi i&amp;lsquo;c&amp;acirc;z derecesi olup bu makam sadece Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;a mahsustur İ&amp;lsquo;c&amp;acirc;z Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n hakkında kullanıldığında &amp;ldquo;Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın, sahip bulunduğu edeb&amp;icirc; &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;k ve muhteva zenginliği sebebiyle benzerinin meydana getirilememesi &amp;ouml;zelliği&amp;rdquo; demektir Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın i&amp;lsquo;c&amp;acirc;zına dair meseleler i&amp;lsquo;c&amp;acirc;zu&amp;rsquo;l-Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n adı altında hicr&amp;icirc; ikinci asırdan itibaren İsl&amp;acirc;m &amp;acirc;limlerinin g&amp;uuml;ndemine girmeye başlamış ve bel&amp;acirc;gat ilmine dair &amp;ccedil;alışmalara ivme kazandırmıştır.Eb&amp;ucirc; Bekr el-B&amp;acirc;kıll&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;l. 403/1013), Abdulkāhir el-C&amp;uuml;rc&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;l. 471/1078-79) ve Fahreddin er-R&amp;acirc;z&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;l. 602/1012) gibi &amp;acirc;limlerin bel&amp;acirc;gata dair eserler telif etmelerinde temel hareket noktası Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın i&amp;lsquo;c&amp;acirc;zını ortaya koymak, anlamak, hissetmek ve bu i&amp;lsquo;c&amp;acirc;zın nereden kaynaklandığını tespit etmeye &amp;ccedil;alışmaktır. T&amp;uuml;m bunların yanında tarihsel s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te &amp;ccedil;eşitli milletlerin m&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man olmasıyla birlikte Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın farklı dillere aktarılması ka&amp;ccedil;ınılmaz bir ihtiya&amp;ccedil; olarak ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkmış ve Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n &amp;ccedil;eşitli dillere terc&amp;uuml;me edilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;eviri &amp;ldquo;Bir kaynak dilde &amp;uuml;retilmiş metin ve iletiyi yapı, anlam ve işlev d&amp;uuml;zleminde eşdeğerlik sağlamaya &amp;ccedil;alışarak başka bir dile (erek dile) aktarma işlemi; bu işlem sonucu ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan &amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n.&amp;rdquo; şeklinde tarif edilmiştir. Tarifte ge&amp;ccedil;en &amp;ldquo;eşdeğerlik sağlamaya &amp;ccedil;alışarak&amp;rdquo; ifadesi, kaynak metindeki b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n &amp;ouml;gelerin hedef dile tamamen aktarılamayacağına ve aynen ifade edilemeyeceğine işaret etmektedir. Herhangi bir edeb&amp;icirc; &amp;ccedil;eviri metninde durum b&amp;ouml;yle iken bel&amp;acirc;gat ve fes&amp;acirc;hat y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; ile mu&amp;lsquo;ciz kabul edilen Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın, başka bir dile lafzan veya anlam kaybı olmadan terc&amp;uuml;mesini iddia etmek hem m&amp;uuml;fessirler hem de dil bilimciler tarafından m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmemiştir. Bu bağlamda &amp;uuml;lkemizde başta Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır (&amp;ouml;l. 1878-1942) olmak &amp;uuml;zere pek &amp;ccedil;ok me&amp;acirc;l yazarının telif ettikleri Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n &amp;ccedil;evirileri i&amp;ccedil;in terc&amp;uuml;me kelimesini kullanmaktan &amp;ccedil;ekinerek &amp;ldquo;bir şeyi eksiltmek&amp;rdquo; anlamına gelen &amp;ldquo;me&amp;acirc;l&amp;rdquo; kavramını kullandıkları g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;eviride &amp;ouml;nemli olan bir diğer unsur kaynak dildeki metin kendine &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml; bir uzmanlık gerektiriyorsa m&amp;uuml;tercimler bu bilgiye de sahip olmalarıdır. Bu doğrultuda Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n me&amp;acirc;li yazmak isteyen bir kimsenin bel&amp;acirc;gat ilminden ve kurallarından habersiz kalması d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;lemez. Cumhuriyet d&amp;ouml;neminden g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze kadar &amp;uuml;lkemizde &amp;ccedil;ok sayıda me&amp;acirc;l yazılmıştır. S&amp;ouml;z konusu me&amp;acirc;ller &amp;ccedil;eşitli y&amp;ouml;nlerden eleştirilmiştir. Bu eleştiriler arasından bel&amp;acirc;gat kurallarının me&amp;acirc;llerde ne şekilde yer bulduğuna dair yapılan &amp;ccedil;alışma sayısı olduk&amp;ccedil;a az g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;nmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada bel&amp;acirc;gat ilminin &amp;ouml;nemli bir b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; olan me&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; kurallarının ne &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n me&amp;acirc;llerine yansıtıldığı ele alınmıştır. Zira Arap dilinin incelikleri ve sırları bel&amp;acirc;gat ilmi sayesinde bilinmektedir. Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın i&amp;lsquo;c&amp;acirc;zı da bel&amp;acirc;gat ile anlaşılmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada ele alınan kurallar ve bu kurallara verilen &amp;ouml;rnekler m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n mertebe &amp;ouml;nceki &amp;ccedil;alışmalarda incelenen &amp;acirc;yetlerden farklı se&amp;ccedil;ilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada bel&amp;acirc;gat kitaplarının me&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mlerindeki kuralların Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n me&amp;acirc;llerine ne &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de yansıtıldığı mukayeseli veri analizi y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle ele alınmıştır. Karşılaştırmalar sonucunda bel&amp;acirc;gat unsurlarını T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;eye en doğru haliyle yansıtmayı başarabilen me&amp;acirc;ller tespit edilmiştir. Me&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; kurallarının herhangi bir me&amp;acirc;l tarafından yansıtılamadığını tespit ettiğimizde ise tarafımızca yeni &amp;ccedil;eviri &amp;ouml;rnekleri sunulmuştur. Bulgulara g&amp;ouml;re bel&amp;acirc;g&amp;icirc; anlamı yansıtma noktasında dipnot parantez gibi tekniklerde bir b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;k bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca uygun bulunan terc&amp;uuml;melerin me&amp;acirc;ller arasında &amp;acirc;yetten &amp;acirc;yete değişiklik g&amp;ouml;sterdiği fark edilmiş, dolayısıyla baştan sona bir meal kitabının tercih edilemeyeceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The Qur&amp;rsquo;ān was revealed with a challenge (taḥadd&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk189478936;"&gt;ī&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk189478936;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;) that no one could ever have done better, no matter how much effort was put into it, and that it was a source of pride for a society that had superior qualities in language and poetry, and was distinguished by its eloquence and fluency. This challenge was a miracle given to the Prophet (pbuh) that would continue until the Day of Judgment and was also accepted as proof of his prophethood. Ali al-Rummānī (d. 384/994) and the rhetoricians who followed him divided eloquence into three categories: the highest, the lowest and the middle. According to this division, whether the highest level of eloquence is the degree of miraculousness or not, this rank is only specific to the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān. I&amp;lsquo;cāz means the dispersion about the Qur&amp;rsquo;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk189479002;"&gt;ā&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk189479002;"&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;, &amp;ldquo;the feature of the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān that the next one does not occur due to its literary superiority and richness of content&amp;rdquo;. The issues about the miraculousness of the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān have been under the name of miraculousness of the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān since the second century of the Hijra, and this has continuously accelerated the science of eloquence. The basic starting point for scholars such as Abu Bakr al-Bāḳillanī (d. 403/1013), Abdulḳāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 471/1078-79) and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 602/1012) in compiling dairy products for eloquence is the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān&amp;rsquo;s to reveal its miraculousness is to try to determine where it is told, felt and where this miraculousness originates from. In addition to all these, with the conversion of various nations to Islam in the financial process, the translation of the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān into different languages ​​has emerged as an inevitable need and the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān has been translated into various languages. Translation has been defined as &amp;ldquo;the process of transferring a text and message produced in a source language to another language (target language) in terms of its structure, meaning and functional range and usability in the same direction; the product that emerges as a result of this process.&amp;rdquo; The statement &amp;ldquo;equivalence continues&amp;rdquo; in the definition indicates that not all elements in the source text can be completely transferred to the target language and expressed exactly as they are. While this is the case in any literary translation text, it has not been deemed possible by both commentators and linguists to claim that the Quran, which is considered miraculous in terms of eloquence and fluency, can be translated into another language without any loss of wording or meaning. In this context, it is seen that many translation writers, especially Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır (d. 1878-1942), hesitate to use the word translation for the translations of the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān for which they have copyrights, and use the &amp;ldquo;me&amp;acirc;l&amp;rdquo; method, which means "reducing something". What is important in translation is that if there is a unique part in the text from another source, translators should have these effects. In this context, it is unthinkable for someone who wants to write a translation of the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān to be unaware of the science of rhetoric and its rules. A large number of translations produced from the Republican period to the present have been stated. The translations in question have been criticized from various aspects. Among these points, the number of studies conducted on how the places where there is a loss of rhetoric are found are seen to be quite few. It has been discussed to what extent the meaning, which is an important part of this successful science of rhetoric, is reflected in the translations of the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān. Because the subtleties and secrets of the Arabic language are known thanks to the science of rhetoric. The miraculousness of the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān is also understood through eloquence. The rules and examples given for these rules were selected as different as possible from the previously separated verses. In the study, the extent to which the rules for the protection of the meaning of the books of eloquence were reflected in the Qur&amp;rsquo;ānic translations was taken with the comparative data analysis method. As a result of the comparisons, translations that managed to reflect the most accurate signs to Turkish, whose eloquence they were not sure of, were determined. When we determined that it could not be reflected by any translation that was not meaningful, we presented new translation examples. According to the findings, it was determined that there was an integrity in techniques such as footnotes and parentheses expressing the eloquent meaning. In addition, it was noticed that the translations of the translations found suitable varied from verse to verse, so it was concluded that a cookbook could not be preferred.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80862</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[411-427]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/144</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Cahiliye Dönemi Şiirinde Hurma Ağacının Gizil Kültürel Yönünü İfade Eden Dizimler]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The latent cultural frameworks of the palm tree in pre-Islamic poetry]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hafel ALYOUNES]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Belagatı, Hurma Ağacı, Kültürel Dizimler, Yok oluş, Cahiliye Dönemi Şiiri.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language And Rhetoric, Palm Tree, Cultural Frameworks, Obliteration, Emptiness, Pre-Islamic Poetry.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Hurma ağacı, c&amp;acirc;hiliye şairlerinin kasidesini inşa ederken dayandığı en &amp;ouml;nemli k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel unsurlardan biri olduğu s&amp;ouml;ylenebilir. Zira bu ağacın s&amp;ouml;z konusu şairlerin kavimleri i&amp;ccedil;in taşıdığı &amp;ouml;nem ve onların yaşam s&amp;uuml;reci i&amp;ccedil;indeki rol&amp;uuml; yadsınamaz. Hatta o d&amp;ouml;nemdeki bir&amp;ccedil;ok kişi, hurmayı kutsal bir varlık olarak g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;ş ve onu doğadaki diğer cansız unsurlardan &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml;n tutmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra, hurmanın eski &amp;ccedil;ağlarda yaşamış Arapların dışındaki diğer toplumların k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rleriyle de bağlantılı olduğu ve bu topluluklara hem yarar hem de dini değerler a&amp;ccedil;ısından hizmet ettiği bir ger&amp;ccedil;ektir. Bu ağacın hem maddi hem de manevi a&amp;ccedil;ısından b&amp;ouml;ylesine y&amp;uuml;ce bir konumda olması şaşırtıcı değildir. Nitekim hurma ağacı şairlerin şiirlerinde g&amp;ouml;ze &amp;ccedil;arpan bir şekilde yer almış ve neredeyse kasideyi oluşturan diğer unsurlarla yarışır hale gelmiştir. Hurma, şiirlerde harabeye d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şm&amp;uuml;ş diyarlar, sevgililerin ayrılığı, develerin taşındığı tahtırevan gibi sahneler bağlamında yoğun olarak yer bulmuş ve taşıdığı derin sembolik anlamlarla b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;nem kazanmıştır. Ancak, cahiliye d&amp;ouml;nemi şairi, yalnızca mahfe i&amp;ccedil;indeki kadınlar ile hurma ağa&amp;ccedil;ları arasındaki fiziksel ve geometrik benzerlikleri vurgulamakla kalmamış, aynı zamanda hurmanın eski &amp;ccedil;ağlara dayanan mitolojik k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rlerden aldığı yeniden doğuş, bereket ve yenilenme gibi d&amp;ouml;nemin şairlerinin kalplerinin derinliklerinde k&amp;ouml;k salmış olan anlamları da ortaya koymaya &amp;ccedil;alışmıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, hurmanın cahiliye d&amp;ouml;nemi şiirindeki &amp;ouml;rt&amp;uuml;k k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel kodlarını araştırmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Hurmanın k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel arka planını ve estetik niteliklerini ele almış, yok oluş ve yeniden doğuş, boşluk ve doluluk gibi temaları incelemiştir. Ayrıca, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel kod kavramını ve bunun k&amp;ouml;kenlerini a&amp;ccedil;ıklığa kavuşturarak ilgili meseleleri tartışmıştır. Araştırma, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel y&amp;ouml;ntemle ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiş ve sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak yok oluş ve yeniden doğuş ile boşluk ve doluluk temalarının cahiliye şiirinde hurma aracılığıyla nasıl tezah&amp;uuml;r ettiğini ortaya koymuştur.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;The palm tree stands as one of the most significant cultural pillars upon which the pre-Islamic poet relied in crafting his poetry. This prominence stems from the palm&amp;rsquo;s crucial role in the lives of his people. Many among them even elevated the palm tree to a sacred status, favoring it over other elements of the inanimate natural world. It is deeply intertwined with the cultures of ancient civilizations, as it embodies both practical and spiritual values for those peoples. In their poetry, the palm tree held a prominent place, symbolizing both tangible and intangible meanings. It emerged as a central motif, leaving a profound cultural, poetic, and intellectual legacy in their similes and metaphors, reflecting the mindset and beliefs of the time. This influence is evident in the structure of their poems, particularly in contexts such as lamenting abandoned dwellings, the departure of loved ones, scenes of camel litters, and similar themes. However, the pre-Islamic poet did not merely highlight the geometric and structural resemblance between palm trees and the shapes of litters; he also pursued deeper meanings of rebirth, fertility, and renewal&amp;mdash;concepts drawn from mythological traditions associated with the palm tree in ancient times. This study endeavors to uncover the latent cultural frameworks linked to the palm tree in pre-Islamic poetry, shedding light on its cultural significance and aesthetic qualities. It also explores the dual dimensions of obliteration and revival, emptiness and fullness. The research delves into these themes while offering insights into the concept of cultural frameworks and their historical foundations. By employing a cultural methodology, the study has uncovered significant findings, revealing the dual paradigms of obliteration and revival, as well as emptiness and fullness, as they relate to the palm tree in pre-Islamic poetry&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80846</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[265-284]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/145</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Afîfuddîn Tilimsânî’de İlahi Aşkın Tezahürü: ‘Lâkin Küllü’l-Kevnü Yeşûkuhu’ Şiirinin Tasavvufî Analizi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Manifestation of Divine Love in Afîf al-Dîn at-Tilimsânî: A Sufi Analysis of the Poem 'Lâkin Kullu’l-Kevnu Yeşûkuhu']]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdülrakip ARSLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf, Afîfuddîn Tilimsânî, Tasavvûfi Şiir, Vahdet-i vücûd, İlahi Aşk]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sufism, Sufi poetry, Afîf al-Dîn at-Tilimsânî, wahdat al-wujud, divine love.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Af&amp;icirc;f&amp;uuml;dd&amp;icirc;n Tilims&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;, Hicr&amp;icirc; 7. y&amp;uuml;zyılın &amp;ouml;nde gelen tasavvuf ehli ve şairlerinden biri olup, İbn&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Arab&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerini takip eden ve vahdet-i v&amp;uuml;cut anlayışını benimseyen &amp;ouml;nemli bir mutasavvıftır. Hem tasavvuf&amp;icirc; hem de edeb&amp;icirc; alanlarda derin birikimi olan Tilims&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;, yaşamı boyunca ilahi aşk ve manevi yolculuk konularında dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekici eserler kaleme almıştır. Tasavvuf&amp;icirc; şiirlerini topladığı Div&amp;acirc;nı, bu alandaki derinliğini ve anlayışını en iyi yansıtan eserlerden biridir. Onun L&amp;acirc;kin K&amp;uuml;ll&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Kevn&amp;uuml; Yeş&amp;ucirc;kuhu adlı şiiri, tasavvuf&amp;icirc; edebiyatın en &amp;ccedil;arpıcı ve derinlikli &amp;ouml;rneklerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Şair, ilahi aşkın evrenselliğini doğa unsurlarıyla harmanlayarak, manevi bir yolculuğun estetik ve felsef&amp;icirc; anlatısını sunmuştur. İlahi sevgiliye duyulan &amp;ouml;zlem, fedak&amp;acirc;rlık ve teslimiyet gibi tasavvufun temel kavramları, şiirde hem tematik hem de sembolik bir derinlikle işlenmiştir. Tilims&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;, tasavvufun soyut kavramlarını şiirsel bir &amp;uuml;slupla somutlaştırarak, ilahi aşkın derinliğini ve evrenselliğini eserlerinde ustalıkla yansıtmıştır. Şiir, yalnızca insanın Hakk&amp;rsquo;a olan &amp;ouml;zlemini değil, evrendeki her varlığın Allah&amp;rsquo;a duyduğu sevgiyi ve teslimiyeti ifade ederek tasavvuf&amp;icirc; edebiyatın estetik ve d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nsel zenginliğini g&amp;ouml;zler &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne sermektedir. Ayrıca, bu eser, tasavvuf&amp;icirc; şiirin yalnızca bireysel bir deneyimden ibaret olmadığını, aynı zamanda kozmik bir aşk anlayışını da i&amp;ccedil;erdiğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Tilims&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin ilahi aşkı dile getiriş tarzını ve tasavvuf&amp;icirc; d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncenin şiirle nasıl buluştuğunu analiz ederek, hem edeb&amp;icirc; hem de manevi boyutlarıyla bu eşsiz eseri değerlendirmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Onun şiirlerinde, varlık ve aşk arasındaki derin ilişki, insanın hakikate ulaşma &amp;ccedil;abası ve tasavvuf&amp;icirc; d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncenin şiirsel yansımaları, mistik edebiyat a&amp;ccedil;ısından dikkate değer bir perspektif sunmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Af&amp;icirc;f al-D&amp;icirc;n at-Tilims&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; was one of the leading Sufi figures and poets of the 7th century Hijri, following the ideas of Ibn al-&amp;lsquo;Arab&amp;icirc; and embracing the concept of wahdat al-wuj&amp;ucirc;d (the unity of being). With profound knowledge in both Sufi and literary fields, al-Tilims&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; composed remarkable works throughout his life, focusing on divine love and the spiritual journey. His D&amp;icirc;w&amp;acirc;n, in which he compiled his mystical poetry, stands as one of the best reflections of his depth and understanding in this domain. His poem L&amp;acirc;kin Kullu&amp;rsquo;l-Kevnu Yeş&amp;ucirc;kuhu is regarded as one of the most striking and profound examples of Sufi literature. In this poem, the poet intertwines the universality of divine love with elements of nature, presenting an aesthetic and philosophical narrative of the spiritual journey. Fundamental Sufi concepts such as longing for the divine beloved, sacrifice, and submission are intricately woven into the poem, both thematically and symbolically. Al-Tilims&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc; masterfully concretizes abstract Sufi concepts through a poetic style, reflecting the depth and universality of divine love in his works. This poem not only expresses the human yearning for the Truth (al-Haqq) but also illustrates the love and submission of all beings in the universe toward God, revealing the aesthetic and intellectual richness of Sufi literature. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that Sufi poetry is not merely an individual experience but also encompasses a cosmic notion of love. This study aims to analyze al-Tilims&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;s approach to expressing divine love and how Sufi thought converges with poetry, evaluating this unique work in both its literary and spiritual dimensions. His poetry offers a remarkable perspective on mystical literature by exploring the deep connection between existence and love, humanity&amp;rsquo;s quest for truth, and the poetic reflections of Sufi thought.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80802</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[285-306]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/146</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Fenomenolojik Açıdan Dinin Boyutları ve Dindarlık Tipleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Dimensions of Religion and Types of Religiosity from a Phenomenological Perspective]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yasin GÖKHAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, Fenomenolojik Yöntem, Dinin Boyutları, Dindarlık Tipleri, Doğrulamacı Analiz, Fonksiyonel Analiz, Multifonksiyonel Din Paradigması]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, Phenomenological Method, Dimensions of Religion, Types of Religiosity, Confirmatory Analysis, Functional Analysis, Multifunctional Religion Paradigm]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;İnsanın aşkın olana y&amp;ouml;nelimi ve bu konudaki duyarlılığı, yalnızca biyolojik ve psikolojik gereksinimlerini veya d&amp;uuml;nyevi-insani faaliyetlerini d&amp;uuml;zenleyen zorunlu bir etik seviye ile sınırlı kalmamaktadır. Bu y&amp;ouml;nelim; varoluşsal, entelekt&amp;uuml;el ve organizasyonel boyutlarda kendini g&amp;ouml;stermekte, doğrudan g&amp;ouml;zlemlenmesi m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n olmayan iman fenomeni aracılığıyla eylemleri, s&amp;ouml;ylemleri ve ahlaki davranışları etkilemektedir. Din&amp;icirc; rit&amp;uuml;eller, sanatsal etkinlikler, kurumsal yapılar ve hukuki tutumlar gibi &amp;ccedil;eşitli toplumsal ilişkilerde, başka bir t&amp;uuml;re indirgenemeyen &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;yle ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan bu fenomen, soyut doğasına rağmen dindarlık kurumunu somut bir sosyal organizma olarak olgusal bir yapıya d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;rerek bilimsel incelemeyi m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n kılmaktadır. Dinin, &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu ve dinamik değerler b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; olarak sunduğu yapının kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılması, indirgemeci ve t&amp;uuml;ketici &amp;ouml;zsel teorilerle yapılan a&amp;ccedil;ıklamaların sınırlılıklarını g&amp;ouml;zler &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne sermektedir. Bu t&amp;uuml;r a&amp;ccedil;ıklama modelleri, dinin kompleks ve &amp;ccedil;ok işlevli doğasını tam anlamıyla kapsayamadığı i&amp;ccedil;in bu &amp;ccedil;eşitliliğe zarar vermektedir. Dolayısıyla din ve dindarlık t&amp;uuml;rlerinin incelenmesinde politetik, &amp;ccedil;oğulcu ve b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l a&amp;ccedil;ıklama modellerinin kullanımı, ka&amp;ccedil;ınılmaz bir gereklilik olarak &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, dinin &amp;ccedil;ok fonksiyonlu yapısı ve dindarlık tipleri, fenomenolojik y&amp;ouml;ntemin "değer yargısızlık" ilkesi doğrultusunda ele alınmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, dinin fonksiyonlarına dair ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilen akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmalar betimsel analiz y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle değerlendirilecektir. Fenomenolojik yaklaşım, din&amp;icirc; deneyimlerin &amp;ouml;znel ve &amp;ccedil;ok boyutlu doğasına odaklanarak, &amp;ouml;n yargılardan arındırılmış bir bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısını hedeflemektedir. İşlevsel ve &amp;ccedil;oğulcu a&amp;ccedil;ıklama modellerinin katkısı, din&amp;icirc; fenomenleri yalnızca "ne" oldukları &amp;uuml;zerinden değil, "nasıl" ve "neden" var oldukları &amp;uuml;zerinden de incelemeyi olanaklı kılarak, dinin birey ve toplum &amp;uuml;zerindeki &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; etkilerini, anlam yaratma s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerini ve insan deneyimine kattığı zenginliği derinlemesine anlamayı sağlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda ele alınan fenomenolojik y&amp;ouml;ntem, dinin &amp;ccedil;ok boyutluluğunu dikkate alan b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l bir analiz imk&amp;acirc;nı sunarak, bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın metodolojik &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesini oluşturmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;The human tendency towards the transcendent and its sensitivity in this regard are not limited to a mandatory ethical level that regulates only biological and psychological needs or worldly-human activities. This tendency manifests itself in existential, intellectual and organizational dimensions, and affects actions, discourses and moral behaviors through the phenomenon of faith that cannot be directly observed. This phenomenon, which emerges with its uniqueness that cannot be reduced to another type in various social relations such as religious rituals, artistic activities, institutional structures and legal attitudes, makes scientific examination possible by transforming the institution of religiosity into a concrete social organism as a factual structure despite its abstract nature. A comprehensive understanding of the structure that religion presents as a multidimensional and dynamic set of values ​​reveals the limitations of explanations made with reductionist and exhaustive essential theories. Such explanation models damage this diversity because they cannot fully encompass the complex and multifunctional nature of religion. Therefore, the use of polythetic, pluralistic and holistic explanation models in the examination of types of religion and religiosity stands out as an inevitable necessity. In this study, the multifunctional structure of religion and types of religiosity are addressed in line with the "value-free" principle of the phenomenological method. In this context, academic studies on the functions of religion will be evaluated using the descriptive analysis method. The phenomenological approach aims for a perspective free of prejudices by focusing on the subjective and multidimensional nature of religious experiences. The contribution of functional and pluralistic explanation models enables the examination of religious phenomena not only in terms of "what" they are, but also in terms of "how" and "why" they exist, thus providing a deep understanding of the multifaceted effects of religion on individuals and society, the processes of creating meaning, and the richness it adds to human experience. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;In this context, the phenomenological method considered constitutes the methodological framework of this study by providing a holistic analysis opportunity that takes into account the multidimensionality of religion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80670</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[989-1012]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Liyakat-Şahsiyet İlişkisi Bağlamında Hz. Muhammed’in Uygulamaları: Genç Sahâbîler Örnekliği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Relationship Between Merit and Personality in the Context of Prophet Muhammad’s Practices: The Example of Young Sahabah’s]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatih Muhammed ÇAKMAK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Tarihi, Hz. Muhammed, Sahabe, Şahsiyet, Liyakat, Liderlik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic History, Prophet Muhammad, Sahabah, Personality, Leadership, Meritocracy.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Hz. Muhammed (sav) iman, ibadet, muamelat ve ahl&amp;acirc;k konuları başta olmak &amp;uuml;zere toplumsal hayata d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;k bir&amp;ccedil;ok alanda ilk İsl&amp;acirc;m toplumuna y&amp;ouml;n veren etkin bir liderlik &amp;ouml;rnekliği ortaya koymuştur. S&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil; i&amp;ccedil;erisinde &amp;ccedil;eşitli ihtiya&amp;ccedil; durumlarında ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan idari, adli, askeri ve ilmi alanlarda bazı g&amp;ouml;revlendirmeler yapmış ve &amp;ccedil;eşitli istihdam alanları oluşturmuştur. Kendi d&amp;ouml;nem ve koşullarını g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde tutarak geliştirdiği g&amp;ouml;revlendirme anlayışına Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;ın idare ve y&amp;ouml;netim hususlarındaki perspektifini de katarak belirli kriterlerin g&amp;ouml;zetildiği bir liyakat ilkesi ortaya koymuştur. Onun liderlik tarzı ve liyakat ilkesi adalet, yetenek, tecr&amp;uuml;be, akl-ı selim ve ahl&amp;acirc;k &amp;uuml;zerine bina edilmiştir ve bu &amp;ouml;zellikler aynı zamanda onun liderlik mirasının temelini oluşturmuştur. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Bu kapsamda araştırmada gen&amp;ccedil; sah&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc;ler &amp;ouml;rnekliğinde ve liyakat bağlamında Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in &amp;ldquo;şahsiyet inşası&amp;rdquo; konusu &amp;uuml;zerinde durulmaktadır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle idari, adli, askeri ve ilmi alanlarda gen&amp;ccedil; sah&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc;lere yaptığı g&amp;ouml;revlendirmeler araştırmanın kapsamını oluşturmaktadır. Hz. Muhammed&amp;rsquo;in gen&amp;ccedil; sah&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc;lerin şahsiyetli bireyler olarak yetişmesi i&amp;ccedil;in yaptığı faaliyetler nelerdir? Şahsiyet, liyakat ve vazifelendirme ilişkisi arasında ne t&amp;uuml;r bir bağ kurmuştur? Şahsiyet ve liyakati g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde bulundurarak gen&amp;ccedil; sah&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc;lere ne t&amp;uuml;r g&amp;ouml;revler vermiştir? Mekke&amp;rsquo;de D&amp;acirc;r&amp;uuml;lerkam&amp;rsquo;ın ve Medine&amp;rsquo;de Mescid-i Nebev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin gen&amp;ccedil; sah&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc;lerin liyakat kazanımı ve şahsiyet inşasındaki rol&amp;uuml; nedir? Medine&amp;rsquo;de Hz. Muhammed tarafından hayata ge&amp;ccedil;irilen mu&amp;acirc;h&amp;acirc;tlaşmanın gen&amp;ccedil; sah&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc;lerin şahsiyet inşasına nasıl bir etkisi olmuştur? soruları &amp;ccedil;alışmanın problematiğini i&amp;ccedil;ermektedir. Bu ve benzeri sorular &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde, Hz. Muhammed&amp;rsquo;in liderliğinde temay&amp;uuml;z eden şahsiyet modelinin ve y&amp;ouml;netimin temel ilkesi olan liyakat esasının, erken d&amp;ouml;nem İsl&amp;acirc;m tarihinden g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze yansımalarının ortaya koyulması ama&amp;ccedil;lanmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemine dayalı olarak odak noktaları itibarıyla araştırma, &amp;ldquo;Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in Şahsiyet İnşasında Liyakatin Temel Unsurları&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;Gen&amp;ccedil; Sah&amp;acirc;b&amp;icirc;lerin Şahsiyet İnşasında Mek&amp;acirc;n, Eğitim-&amp;Ouml;ğretim ve Sosyal &amp;Ccedil;evre Boyutu&amp;rdquo; başlıklarıyla iki ana başlıktan oluşmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili mevcut literat&amp;uuml;r g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde bulundurularak ilk olarak, İsl&amp;acirc;m siyaset d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinde ve y&amp;ouml;netim anlayışında liyakat kavramının tamamlayıcı hususları olarak &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkan meşruiyet ve g&amp;uuml;ven, ahl&amp;acirc;k, istiş&amp;acirc;re/ş&amp;ucirc;ra ve kişisel yetenek unsurlarının Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in g&amp;ouml;revlendirmelerindeki etkisi ele alınmaktadır. İkinci olarak ise, araştırmayı &amp;ouml;nceki &amp;ccedil;alışmalardan ayıran ve &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n yanını oluşturan, bireylerin şahsiyet inşasına doğrudan etki eden mek&amp;acirc;n, eğitim-&amp;ouml;ğretim ve sosyal &amp;ccedil;evre boyutlarının, şahsiyet inşası ve liyakat ilişkisi bağlamında, nasıl bir işlevselliğe sahip olduğu hususu işlenmektedir. Liyakat-şahsiyet ilişkisini bir arada incelemesi bakımından &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n olan &amp;ccedil;alışmanın Hz. Muhammed&amp;rsquo;in liderlik ve y&amp;ouml;netim anlayışına ilişkin yeni araştırmalara vesile olması; sah&amp;acirc;be &amp;ouml;rnekliğinde insan unsurunu şekillendirmesine dair farklı &amp;ccedil;alışmaların yapılmasına &amp;ouml;nc&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;k etmesi umulmaktadır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has established himself as an influential leader, guiding the early Islamic society in matters of faith, worship, transactions, and ethics. His leadership extended beyond the community, as he made appointments in administrative, judicial, military, and scholarly domains to address emerging needs, thereby creating various employment opportunities. Considering his own era and circumstances, he incorporated the perspective of the Quran on these matters and developed a merit-based approach to appointments, adhering to certain principles. His leadership style and meritocracy were founded on justice, talent, experience, sound reasoning, and ethics, which formed the foundation of his leadership legacy. This approach resulted in a collective experience and knowledge shared by the Sahabah, encompassing women, men, and individuals from all age groups, fostering Islamic brotherhood and solidarity. The responsibilities and duties undertaken by the youth during this period are of utmost importance for future generations to understand and learn from.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;The research focuses on the &amp;ldquo;Personality Construction&amp;rdquo; aspect, specifically through the lens of young Sahabah and the concept of meritocracy. It examines the Prophet&amp;rsquo;s appointments of young Sahabah in administrative, military, and judicial capacities, aiming to investigate the fundamental elements and dimensions of the Prophet&amp;rsquo;s personality construction. The study explores the activities undertaken by the Prophet to nurture young Sahabah into individuals of strong character, the connections he established between personality, merit, and assignment of duties, and the types of responsibilities he entrusted to young Sahabah, considering their personality and merit. Additionally, it delves into the role of Darul Erkam in Mecca and the Prophet&amp;rsquo;s Mosque in Medina in the personality development and merit acquisition of young Sahabah? The research also investigates the impact of the Prophet&amp;rsquo;s implementation of the Muahat system in Medina on the personality development of young Sahabah? These questions form the core of the research&amp;rsquo;s problematization. By addressing these and similar inquiries, the study aims to elucidate the reflections of the leadership model of personality education and the principle of meritocracy, as exemplified by Prophet Muhammad, from history to the present day, particularly through the example of young Sahabah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;The research, focusing on these key points, is structured around two main headings: &amp;ldquo;Fundamental Elements of Meritocracy in Prophet Muhammad&amp;rsquo;s Personality Construction&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;The Dimension of Space, Education-Training, and Social Environment in the Personality Construction of Young Sahabah.&amp;rdquo; The first focus examines the impact of complementary elements of meritocracy, such as trust, ethics, consultation/shura, and personal abilities, on the Prophet&amp;rsquo;s appointments. The second focus aims to identify how the dimensions of space, education-training, and social environment, which directly influence the personality construction of individuals, functioned in the context of the Prophet&amp;rsquo;s guidance of young Sahabah, particularly in relation to personality construction and meritocracy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80427</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[328-348]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/148</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslam Düşüncesinde Zamanın Ontolojik Yapısı: Kelamcılar ve Filozoflar Arasında Bir İnceleme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Ontological Structure of Time in Islamic Thought: An Analysis Between Theologians and Philosophers]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İbrahim Halil ERDOĞAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kelam, İslam Felsefesi, Zaman, Dehrî, İslam Düşüncesi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kalām, Islamic Philosophy, Time, Dahriyyah, Islamic Thought.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Zaman, insanlık i&amp;ccedil;in her zaman derin ve gizemli bir kavram olmuştur. İnsan varoluşunun başlangıcından itibaren, zamanın doğası ve &amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; &amp;uuml;zerine d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nmek, felsefe, din ve doğa bilimlerinin temel konuları arasında yer almıştır. Zamanın akışıyla şekillenen deneyimler, insan d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesini derinden etkilemiş, İslam d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce geleneği i&amp;ccedil;erisinde zamanın doğası ve sınırları, farklı disiplinlerden d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;rler ve &amp;acirc;limler tarafından &amp;ccedil;eşitli a&amp;ccedil;ılardan ele alınmıştır. İslam teolojisinde, Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın zamanın yaratıcısı olduğu ve zamanın &amp;ouml;tesinde m&amp;uuml;nezzeh bir varlık olarak kabul edilmesi temel bir ilkedir. Zamanın yaratılmış (h&amp;acirc;dis) bir varlık olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmesi, Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın ezel&amp;icirc; ve ebed&amp;icirc; doğasını vurgular. Bu bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısı, Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın başlangıcı ve sonu olmayan bir varlık olduğunu, zamana tabi olmadığını ortaya koyar. Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın her şeyi &amp;ouml;nceden bilmesi ve her şeyi takdir etmesi, O&amp;rsquo;nun bilgisinin ve iradesinin mutlak olduğunu g&amp;ouml;sterir ve zamanın hi&amp;ccedil;bir anının O&amp;rsquo;nun kontrol&amp;uuml; dışında olmadığını pekiştirir. Bu teolojik &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;eve, zamanın b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;yle Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın h&amp;acirc;kimiyeti altında olduğunu ortaya koyar. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, İslam filozofları ve kelamcılarının zamanı nasıl tanımladıklarını ve bu tanımların Tanrı&amp;rsquo;nın ezel&amp;icirc; ve ebed&amp;icirc; doğası ile nasıl bir etkileşim i&amp;ccedil;inde olduğunu incelemektedir. Bu perspektiflerin analiz edilmesiyle, İslam d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinde zamanın teolojik ve felsefi boyutları a&amp;ccedil;ıklığa kavuşturulmaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, zaman kavramının metafizik, teoloji ve insan deneyimi arasındaki bağlantıyı kuran bir olgu olarak kalıcı &amp;ouml;nemini vurgulamakta ve bu disiplinlerin birbirini nasıl tamamladığını ortaya koymaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Time has always been a profound and enigmatic concept for humanity. From the beginning of human existence, reflecting on the nature and essence of time has remained a fundamental concern across philosophy, religion, and the natural sciences. The experiences shaped by the flow of time have profoundly influenced human thought, with the nature and limits of time being a key topic within the Islamic intellectual tradition. Thinkers and scholars from diverse disciplines in the Islamic world have explored time from various perspectives, often linking it to theological and philosophical considerations. In Islamic theology, the belief that God is the creator of time and transcendent over it constitutes a foundational principle. The conception of time as a created (hādith) entity emphasizes God&amp;rsquo;s eternal and preexistent nature. This view asserts that God, being timeless and beyond temporal constraints, is not subject to beginnings or ends. His omniscience and omnipotence are reflected in His foreknowledge and preordination of all events, affirming that no moment in time falls outside His dominion. This theological framework highlights the absoluteness of divine knowledge and will, reinforcing the notion that time is entirely subordinate to God&amp;rsquo;s control. This study examines how Islamic philosophers and theologians have defined time and the ways in which their conceptualizations interact with the belief in God&amp;rsquo;s eternal and infinite nature. By analyzing these perspectives, the study seeks to illuminate the theological and philosophical dimensions of time within Islamic thought, offering insights into how these disciplines complement and enrich one another in addressing the profound relationship between the temporal and the eternal. Through this analysis, the study underscores the enduring relevance of time as a concept that bridges the domains of metaphysics, theology, and human experience.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80409</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[395-410]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/149</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sokak Çocuklarına Yönelik Din Eğitimi (Cakarta Örneği)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education for Street Children (The Case of Jakarta)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Süleyman GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nazihah NAZİHAH]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, Cakarta, Sokak Çocukları, Etkinlikler, Yöntemler]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Jakarta, Street Children, Activities, Methods.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Endonezya, &amp;ouml;zellikle Jakarta gibi b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k şehirlerde &amp;ouml;nemli bir sokak &amp;ccedil;ocuğu sorunu ile karşı karşıyadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;ocuklar genellikle eğitim, sağlık ve barınma gibi temel haklardan mahrum kalmakta ve risk altında yaşamaktadır. M&amp;uuml;dahale programları, &amp;ccedil;ocukları sokak yaşamından uzaklaştırarak barınma ve eğitim imkanları sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te, din eğitimi, &amp;ccedil;ocukların manevi ve maddi gelişiminde &amp;ouml;nemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Jakarta&amp;rsquo;da, sokak &amp;ccedil;ocuklarına y&amp;ouml;nelik din eğitimi faaliyetleri y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ten &amp;ccedil;eşitli resmi ve sivil toplum kuruluşları bulunmaktadır. Resmi kurumlar, sosyal evler ve merkezler aracılığıyla yapılandırılmış programlar sunarken, sivil toplum kuruluşları ise daha esnek ve topluluk odaklı yaklaşımlar benimseyerek &amp;ccedil;ocukların bireysel ihtiya&amp;ccedil;larına y&amp;ouml;nelik eğitimler d&amp;uuml;zenlemektedir. Din eğitimi programları; Kur&amp;rsquo;an, tevhit, hadis, peygamber kıssaları ve ahl&amp;acirc;k gibi temel derslerden oluşmaktadır. Ayrıca, manevi rehberlik, ibadet uygulamaları ve zikir gibi ders dışı etkinlikler de bu programların bir par&amp;ccedil;asıdır. Ancak, bu programlar sınırlı kaynaklar, s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lebilirlik sorunları ve toplumsal damgalama gibi zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Din eğitimi, sokak &amp;ccedil;ocuklarının ahlaki değerlerini geliştirmekte, sosyal entegrasyonlarını desteklemekte ve onları bağımsız bir yaşama hazırlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, din eğitiminin daha kapsamlı sosyal destek sistemlerine entegre edilmesi, &amp;ccedil;ocukların geleceği i&amp;ccedil;in hayati &amp;ouml;nem taşımaktadır.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, Cakarta&amp;rsquo;daki sokak &amp;ccedil;ocuklarına y&amp;ouml;nelik din eğitimi programlarını y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ten kuruluşların faaliyetleri ve bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te kullandıkları etkinlikler, uyguladıkları y&amp;ouml;ntemler ele alınmaktadır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, Endonezya&amp;rsquo;da sokak &amp;ccedil;ocuklarına y&amp;ouml;nelik din eğitimi faaliyetlerinin kapsamını, i&amp;ccedil;eriğini ve kullanılan pedagojik yaklaşımları ortaya koymaktır. Bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te, verilerinin toplanmasında literat&amp;uuml;r tarama y&amp;ouml;ntemi, analizinde ise betimsel i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi uygulanmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Indonesia faces a significant issue with street children, particularly in major cities like Jakarta. These children are often deprived of basic rights such as education, health, and shelter, living in conditions of risk and vulnerability. Intervention programs aim to remove these children from street life by providing shelter and educational opportunities. In this process, religious education plays a crucial role in supporting the spiritual and material development of street children. In Jakarta, various official and non-governmental organizations carry out religious education activities for street children. While official institutions offer structured programs through social homes and centers, non-governmental organizations adopt more flexible and community-oriented approaches, organizing education tailored to the individual needs of the children. Religious education programs include fundamental subjects such as the Qur'an, tawhid, hadith, prophetic stories, and ethics. Additionally, extracurricular activities such as spiritual counseling, worship practices, and dhikr are integral parts of these programs. However, these initiatives face challenges such as limited resources, sustainability issues, and societal stigmatization. Religious education contributes to the moral development of street children, supports their social integration, and prepares them for independent living. Therefore, integrating religious education into broader social support systems is vital for the future of these children. This study examines the activities of organizations conducting religious education programs for street children in Jakarta, focusing on the activities and methods they employ during this process. The primary aim of the research is to reveal the scope, content, and pedagogical approaches used in religious education activities for street children in Indonesia. The study employs a literature review for data collection and descriptive content analysis for data analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80313</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[463-489]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/150</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Fazlurrahman Düşüncesinde İnsan ve Tabiatın Yaratılışı Bağlamında Evrim]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Evolution in the Context of the Creation of Man and Nature in Fazlurrahman's Thought]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fırat KARADAĞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ruhattin YAZOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din felsefesi, bilim, evrim teorisi, insanın yaratılışı, doğanın yaratılışı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, science, evolution theory, creation of man, creation of nature]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada Fazlurrahman d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinde insanın ve tabiatın yaratılışı bağlamında evrim konusu incelenecektir. İlk &amp;ouml;nce genel anlamda evrim teorisine ve Fazlurrahman&amp;rsquo;ın bilim anlayışına yer verilecektir. B&amp;ouml;ylelikle elde edilen sonu&amp;ccedil;lar temel konumuz olan Fazlurrahman d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinde Allah&amp;rsquo;ın insanı ve tabiatı yaratışı meselesinin evrimle irtibatı noktasında daha iyi bir değerlendirme yapılmasını sağlayacaktır. Daha sonra ise insanın ve tabiatın yaratılışı meselesini &amp;ouml;zellikle Kur&amp;rsquo;an ayetlerinden yola &amp;ccedil;ıkarak anlatmaya &amp;ccedil;alışan Fazlurrahman&amp;rsquo;ın evrim teorisini ne şekilde ele aldığı incelenecektir. Bu konuda elde edilen veriler ise Kur&amp;rsquo;an merkezli yaratılış anlayışına sahip olan bir m&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manın evrim teorisini hangi anlamda kullanması gerektiği ve evrim ile Kur&amp;rsquo;an arasında irtibatın nasıl kurulacağı sonucuna ulaştıracaktır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmamızda en temelde Fazlurrahman&amp;rsquo;ın eserleri, insan ve tabiatın yaratılışı ile ilgili yazılmış kitap ve makaleler incelenerek literat&amp;uuml;r taraması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Kur&amp;rsquo;an ve evrim teorisinin konu hakkındaki a&amp;ccedil;ıklamaları karşılaştırmalı bir y&amp;ouml;ntemle analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemleriyle yaptığımız değerlendirmeler g&amp;ouml;steriyor ki &amp;ldquo;değişim ve gelişim&amp;rdquo; a&amp;ccedil;ısından Kur&amp;rsquo;an, insanın ve tabiatın yaratılışında evrimsel bir s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;ten bahsetmektedir. Fazlurrahman da evrim konusunu &amp;ouml;zellikle bu gelişim-değişim s&amp;uuml;reci &amp;uuml;zerinden kabul etmektedir. Fakat bu yaklaşım Fazlurrahman&amp;rsquo;ın, Darwin&amp;rsquo;nin evrim teorisini tamamıyla kabul ettiği anlamına gelmemelidir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmamız g&amp;ouml;steriyor ki evrim teorisi bilimsel a&amp;ccedil;ıdan hen&amp;uuml;z doğrulanmamış veya &amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;ş bir&amp;ccedil;ok hipotezi barındırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla insan ve tabiatın nasıl var olduğu meselesinde temel dayanak olarak kullanılabilecek bir teori değildir. Fakat evrim teorisi hakkında yapılan doğrulanmış bilimsel veriler ile Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;ın bizlere ilettiği mesaj arasında bir k&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml; kurarak insan ve tabiat hakkında &amp;ouml;nemli sonu&amp;ccedil;lara ulaşabilir. Kısacası Fazlurrahman, bilim ile İsl&amp;acirc;m d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesi arasında bir k&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml; kuran evrim yaklaşımı sergilemektedir. B&amp;ouml;yle bir yaklaşım, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde bir&amp;ccedil;ok tartışmaya ve bilim-din &amp;ccedil;atışmasına sebep olan evrim konusunda faydalı olacaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;In this study, we will examine the issue of evolution in the context of the creation of man and nature in Fazlurrahman's thought. Firstly, the theory of evolution and Fazlurrahman's understanding of science will be given in general terms. Thus, the results we have obtained will enable us to make a better evaluation of the issue of Allah's creation of man and nature in Fazlurrahman's thought, which is our main subject, at the point of its connection with evolution. Then, we will try to examine how Fazlurrahman, who tries to explain the issue of the creation of man and nature, especially based on the verses of the Qur'an, deals with the theory of evolution. With the data we have obtained on this subject, we will try to reach the conclusion in which sense a Muslim who has a Qur'an-centred understanding of creation should use the theory of evolution and how to establish a connection between evolution and the Qur'an. In our study, a literature review was conducted by analysing Fazlurrahman's works, books and articles on the creation of human and nature. In addition, the explanations of the Qur'an and the theory of evolution on the subject have been analysed with a comparative method. The evaluations we have made with these research methods show us that in terms of &amp;lsquo;change and development&amp;rsquo;, the Qur'an mentions an evolutionary process in the creation of man and nature. Fazlurrahman also accepts evolution especially through this process of development and change. However, this approach does not mean that Fazlurrahman fully accepts Darwin's theory of evolution. Our study shows that the theory of evolution contains many hypotheses that have not yet been scientifically confirmed or refuted. Therefore, it is not a theory that can be used as the main basis for the question of how man and nature came into existence. However, by building a bridge between the verified scientific data on the theory of evolution and the message of the Qur'an, we can reach important conclusions about man and nature. In short, Fazlurrahman exhibits an approach to evolution that builds a bridge between science and Islamic thought. We think that such an approach will be useful in the subject of evolution, which causes many debates and science-religion conflicts today.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80212</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[511-523]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/151</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslâm’ın Ahlak Boyutunun Dinin Tecrübe Boyutları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Evaluation of The Moral Dimension of Islam in Terms of The Experıential Dimensions of Religion]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ercan ÇELİK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Sosyolojisi, İslâm, Ahlâk, Dini Tecrübe, Dinin Ahlak boyutu.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Religion, Islam, Morality, Religious Experience, Morality Dimension of Religion.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Dinin tecr&amp;uuml;be boyutu &amp;uuml;zerine yapılan araştırmalar &amp;ouml;nce Batı&amp;rsquo;da &amp;ouml;zellikle kilise dindarlığı &amp;uuml;zerine başlamış daha sonra b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n dinleri kapsayacak şekilde tipolojiler geliştirilmiştir. Dinin tecr&amp;uuml;be boyutları Joachim Wach, G. Lenski, Charles Y. Glock, J. M. Yinger, G. Menshing ve G. Le Bras gibi &amp;ouml;nemli din sosyologları tarafından ele alınmış ve kategorize edilmiştir. Alman din sosyoloğu Wach, dinin tecr&amp;uuml;be boyutlarını teorik, pratik ve sosyolojik olmak &amp;uuml;zere başlıca &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; başlık altında toplamıştır. Bu boyutlar her dinde ortaktırlar. Teorik boyut soyut olan inan&amp;ccedil; alanını form&amp;uuml;le ederken, pratik boyut ibadet ve rit&amp;uuml;elleri kapsar. Teorik ve pratik boyut dinin birbirini tamamlayan iki ana unsurudur. Dinin sosyolojik boyutu ise dini tecr&amp;uuml;benin teorik ve pratik y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; tamamlayan tezah&amp;uuml;rlerdir. Dinin pratik boyutu grubun zihin d&amp;uuml;nyasını inşa etmede ve kimliğini oluşturmada etkindir. Toplumsal hafızanın aktarımı ve s&amp;uuml;rekliliğini sağlar. Dinler insanlar arasındaki ilişkileri sahip oldukları ahlak&amp;icirc; sistemler ile d&amp;uuml;zenlerler. Dinin gerek pratik gerek sosyolojik boyutu ahlak&amp;icirc; bir zemin &amp;uuml;zerinde y&amp;uuml;kselir. B&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n dinlerde ahlak&amp;icirc; boyuttan s&amp;ouml;z etmek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. Ahlak boyutunun olmadığı toplumsal bir yaşam neredeyse imk&amp;acirc;nsızdır. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; dinler ahlak&amp;icirc; boyut ile toplumsal yaşamı d&amp;uuml;zenler ve ona katkı sunarlar. İslam dini de olduk&amp;ccedil;a g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir ahlaki boyuta sahiptir. Temel iki kaynak olan Kur&amp;rsquo;an-ı Kerim ve s&amp;uuml;nnet g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; ahlak&amp;icirc; prensipler ile insanlara y&amp;ouml;n verir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı dinin tecr&amp;uuml;be boyutlarından olan ahlak boyutu a&amp;ccedil;ısından İslam dininin ele alınmasıdır. Dinin tecr&amp;uuml;be boyutlarına ahlak boyutunun eklenmesi &amp;ouml;nemli bir esas teşkil edecektir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma İslam dininin tecr&amp;uuml;be boyutlarının kendi dinamikleri &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde yeniden ele alınmasına bir katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir. Makale yorumsamacı y&amp;ouml;ntemle ele alınmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Research on the experiential dimension of religion first started in the West, especially on church religiosity, and then typologies were developed to cover all religions. The experiential dimensions of religion have been discussed and categorized by important sociologists of religion such as Joachim Wach, G. Lenski, Charles Y. Glock, J. M. Yinger, G. Menshing and G. Le Bras. The German sociologist of religion Wach categorized the experiential dimensions of religion under three main headings: theoretical, practical and sociological. These dimensions are common to all religions. While the theoretical dimension formulates the abstract field of belief, the practical dimension includes worship and rituals. The theoretical and practical dimensions are two main elements of religion that complement each other. The sociological dimension of religion is the manifestations that complement the theoretical and practical aspects of religious experience. The practical dimension of religion is effective in building the mental world of the group and forming its identity. It ensures the transmission and continuity of social memory. Religions regulate the relations between people with their moral systems. Both the practical and sociological dimensions of religion rise on a moral ground. It is possible to speak of a moral dimension in all religions. A social life without a moral dimension is almost impossible. Because religions organize and contribute to social life with a moral dimension. Islam also has a very strong moral dimension. The two main sources, the Holy Quran and the Sunnah, guide people with strong moral principles. The aim of this study is to examine the Islamic religion in terms of the moral dimension, which is one of the experiential dimensions of religion. Adding the moral dimension to the experiential dimensions of religion will constitute an important basis. The study aims to make a contribution to the reconsideration of the experiential dimensions of Islamic religion within the framework of its own dynamics. The article is based on the interpretivist method.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80197</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[349-361]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/152</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Çocuklara Yönelik Din Eğitimi: Hikâyelerle Çocuklara 40 Hadis Örneği Üzerinden Bir Analiz]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education for Children: An Analysis Based on 40 Hadith Examples for Children Through Stories]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hamza AKTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, Hikâye Anlatımı, Hadis Eğitimi, Çocuk Gelişimi, Değer Aktarımı.  ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Storytelling, Hadith Education, Child Development, Value Transmission.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu araştırma, &amp;ccedil;ocuklara y&amp;ouml;nelik din eğitiminde etkili y&amp;ouml;ntemleri belirlemeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamakta ve &amp;ouml;zellikle "Hik&amp;acirc;yelerle &amp;Ccedil;ocuklara 40 Hadis" kitabını merkeze alarak hik&amp;acirc;ye anlatımı ile hadislerin pedagojik etkilerini incelemektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, dini ve ahlaki değerlerin aktarımında hik&amp;acirc;ye anlatımının d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml; g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; vurgulamakta, soyut kavramların somutlaştırılması yoluyla &amp;ccedil;ocukların kavrayışlarını g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda hadislerin, &amp;ccedil;ocukların ahlaki gelişimini desteklemede &amp;ouml;nemli bir rol &amp;uuml;stlendiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel analiz y&amp;ouml;ntemi kullanılarak hik&amp;acirc;yelerin pedagojik etkileri, yaş gruplarına uygunlukları ve eğitsel işlevsellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, hik&amp;acirc;yelerin &amp;ccedil;ocukların ilgisini &amp;ccedil;ekerek dini kavramları daha anlaşılır hale getirdiğini ve hadislerin değer aktarımı i&amp;ccedil;in g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir ara&amp;ccedil; sağladığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Hik&amp;acirc;ye ve hadis kombinasyonlarının, &amp;ccedil;ocukların dini eğitime olan ilgisini artırdığı, anlamalarını kolaylaştırdığı ve &amp;ouml;ğrenme s&amp;uuml;recini daha kalıcı ve etkili kıldığı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Araştırma, &amp;ouml;zellikle yaş gruplarına g&amp;ouml;re uygun materyallerin se&amp;ccedil;imi, g&amp;ouml;rsel ve işitsel desteklerin kullanımı, interaktif etkinliklerin entegrasyonu ve ebeveyn katılımının teşvik edilmesinin eğitim s&amp;uuml;recinde verimliliği artıracağını vurgulamaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, &amp;ccedil;ocukların bilişsel ve duygusal gelişimlerine hitap eden hik&amp;acirc;ye ve hadis temelli eğitim programlarının, değer aktarımında etkili bir strateji sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda, soyut dini kavramları somutlaştırmak i&amp;ccedil;in hik&amp;acirc;yelerin kullanılmasının, &amp;ccedil;ocukların din eğitimine karşı ilgilerini artırdığı ve kalıcı &amp;ouml;ğrenme sağladığı belirtilmiştir. Araştırmada &amp;ouml;nerilen y&amp;ouml;ntemlerin, &amp;ccedil;ocukların ahlaki ve dini kimliklerinin inşasında g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir temel oluşturabileceği ifade edilmektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, araştırma, din eğitimi s&amp;uuml;recinde hik&amp;acirc;ye anlatımı ve hadislerin entegrasyonunun pedagojik g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; vurgulamakta ve eğitimcilere, ebeveynlere rehberlik edecek &amp;ouml;nemli &amp;ouml;neriler sunmaktadır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle, yaşa uygun i&amp;ccedil;erik tasarımı, interaktif &amp;ouml;ğrenme ara&amp;ccedil;ları ve ebeveyn desteğinin teşvik edilmesi gibi stratejilerle &amp;ccedil;ocukların manevi ve ahlaki gelişiminin daha etkili bir şekilde desteklenebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, gelecekteki araştırmalara da temel oluşturabilecek bir &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;eve sunarak din eğitimine y&amp;ouml;nelik yeni yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study aims to identify effective methods in religious education for children, focusing particularly on the pedagogical impact of storytelling and hadiths, as examined through the book "40 Hadiths for Children Through Stories." The research highlights the transformative power of storytelling in conveying religious and moral values, emphasizing its role in concretizing abstract concepts to enhance children's understanding. It also underscores the significance of hadiths in supporting children's moral development. The study employs a qualitative analysis method to evaluate the pedagogical effectiveness, age appropriateness, and functionality of the selected materials. Findings reveal that storytelling captures children's interest, simplifies religious concepts, and serves as a powerful medium for transmitting values through hadiths. The combination of stories and hadiths was found to increase children's engagement in religious education, facilitate comprehension, and make the learning process more memorable and effective. The research highlights the importance of selecting age-appropriate materials, integrating visual and auditory aids, incorporating interactive activities, and encouraging parental involvement to enhance the educational process. This study demonstrates that story- and hadith-based educational programs, which cater to children's cognitive and emotional development, present an effective strategy for value transmission. It further emphasizes that using storytelling to concretize abstract religious concepts not only heightens children's interest in religious education but also fosters long-lasting learning outcomes. The proposed methods in this research are shown to provide a strong foundation for building children's moral and religious identities. In conclusion, the study underscores the pedagogical value of integrating storytelling and hadiths in religious education. It offers practical recommendations for educators and parents, including age-appropriate content design, interactive learning tools, and parental engagement strategies, to better support children's moral and spiritual development. This research provides a framework for future studies, contributing to the development of innovative approaches to religious education.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=80067</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[237-264]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/153</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hakikat ve Mecâz: Enbiyâ Suresi 63. Ayet Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Truth and Metaphor: The Example of Surah Al-Anbiya Ayat 63]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İsmail ERKEN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Belagatı, Hakikat, Mecâz, Hz. İbrahim, Enbiyâ Suresi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Truth, Metaphor, Hz. Ibrahim, Surah Anbiyâ.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Hz. İbrahim, ilahi mesajın tebliği ve putperestliğin &amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lmesi a&amp;ccedil;ısından son derece &amp;ouml;nemli bir yere sahiptir. Enbiy&amp;acirc; Suresi 63. ayette Hz. İbrahim'in putlara ibadet edenlere verdiği cevap, hakikat ve mec&amp;acirc;z arasındaki ilişkiyi sorgulamamıza imk&amp;acirc;n tanıyan derin bir anlam taşır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma Enbiya Suresi 63. ayette yer alan Hz. İbrahim&amp;rsquo;in kendisine sorulan soru &amp;uuml;zerine verdiği cevap bağlamında hakikat ve mec&amp;acirc;z konusunu ele alır. Konu ile ilgili Hz. İbrahim&amp;rsquo;in bu s&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; yalan olarak vasfeden hadis &amp;ouml;nemlidir. Fakat &amp;ccedil;alışma bir hadis &amp;ccedil;alışması kapsamına girmemektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın sorusu, Hz. İbrahim&amp;rsquo;in Enbiy&amp;acirc; Suresi 63. ayette yer alan s&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;n bir s&amp;ouml;z sanatı olup olmadığıdır. &amp;Ccedil;alışma alanyazın taraması, değerlendirme ve karşılaştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemine dayanmaktadır. Mec&amp;acirc;z ve hakikat konusu ile Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;da mec&amp;acirc;zın varlığı konusuna giriş kısmında değinilmiştir. Ayet ile ilgili dil bilgisi ve sure bağlamında değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Tefsirler, hadis şerhleri ve Arap dili ile ilgili eserler incelenmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma sırasında daha &amp;ccedil;ok belagat terimlerinin sınırlarının &amp;ccedil;izilmediği d&amp;ouml;nemdeki eserler incelenmeye &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. Bazı klasik kaynaklarda Enbiy&amp;acirc; Suresi 63. ayette Hz. İbrahim&amp;rsquo;in putperestlerin sorusuna verdiği cevabın yalan olduğunu kabul eden g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şler mevcut olduğu gibi yalan olmadığını belirten g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şler de mevcuttur. Bu cevap ile ilgili yalan olmadığını belirten g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerin mec&amp;acirc;z bağlamında değerlendirilmesi m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Ayet metni ve sure bağlamı, Hz. İbrahim'in putların acizliğini ve işe yaramazlığını vurgulamak i&amp;ccedil;in mecaz kullandığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Enbiya Suresi 63. ayette Hz. İbrahim'in putperestlere verdiği cevap, hakikat ve mecaz arasındaki ilişkinin ustaca bir &amp;ouml;rneğidir. Bu cevabı hakiki anlamda yalan olarak nitelendirmek yerine, mecaz bağlamında değerlendirmek, ayetin derin anlamını kavramamızı ve Hz. İbrahim'in mesajını daha iyi anlamamızı sağlar. &amp;Ccedil;alışmanın ayırt edici &amp;ouml;zellikleri konuya dil perspektifinden bakması ve ayetin konunun merkezine alındığı bir y&amp;ouml;ntem ile değerlendirilmesidir.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Prophet Abraham has an extremely important place in terms of conveying the divine message and refuting idolatry. In Surat al-Anbiya, ayat 63, Prophet Abraham's response to those who worship idols carries a deep meaning that allows us to question the relationship between reality and metaphor. This study deals with the issue of truth and metaphor in the context of the Prophet Abraham's answer to the question asked to him in Surat al-Anbiya, ayat 63. The hadith on the subject, which characterises this statement of Abraham as a lie, is important. However, the study does not fall within the scope of a hadith study. The question of the study is whether Abraham's statement in Surat al-Anbiya ayat 63 is a figure of speech. The study is based on literature review, evaluation and comparison method. The subject of metaphor and truth and the existence of metaphor in the Qur'an are mentioned in the introduction. The ayat is evaluated in the context of grammar and surah. Commentaries, hadith commentaries and works on Arabic language were analysed. During the study, the books of the period when the boundaries of rhetorical terms were not defined were tried to be analysed. In some classical sources, there are views that accept that the answer given by Abraham to the pagans' question in Surat al-Anbiya ayat 63 is a lie, as well as views that state that it is not a lie. It is possible to evaluate the views stating that this answer is not a lie in the context of metaphor.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The text of the ayat and the context of the surah show that Abraham used metaphor to emphasise the impotence and uselessness of idols. In Surat al-Anbiya, ayat 63, Abraham's response to the idolaters is a masterly example of the relationship between truth and metaphor. Instead of characterising this answer as a lie in the literal sense, evaluating it in the context of metaphor allows us to grasp the deeper meaning of the ayat and to better understand the message of Abraham. The distinctive features of the study are that it looks at the subject from the perspective of language and evaluates the ayat with a method that puts the ayat at the centre of the subject. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79955</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[429-445]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/154</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tarihî Türkçe Kur’an Tercümeleri Üzerine Araştırmalar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Research on Historical Turkısh Quran Translations]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[M.Selda KARAŞLAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kuran, tercüme, Türkçe, tarihi, araştırma.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Koran, translation, Turkish, date, research]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"&gt;G&amp;ouml;k tanrı inancı ile g&amp;ouml;&amp;ccedil;ebe ve akıncı bir yaşamın i&amp;ccedil;inde olan K&amp;ouml;kt&amp;uuml;rklerin yazılı metinlerinde dini terimler &amp;ccedil;ok az olup daha &amp;ccedil;ok asker&amp;icirc; ve savaş terimler bulunmaktadır. K&amp;ouml;kt&amp;uuml;rklerin devamında Uygurlar, benimsedikleri Manihaizm ve Budizm gibi dinlerin etkisiyle, diğer T&amp;uuml;rk boylarından farklı bir k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel &amp;ccedil;evreye girmişlerdir. K&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r &amp;ccedil;evresini değiştirebilen bir topluluğun dilinde de değişiklikler meydana gelmiş ve bağlı oldukları dinleri asıl kaynaklarından &amp;ouml;ğrenme ve yayma d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesi ile Uygurcaya, &amp;Ccedil;ince, Sanskrit&amp;ccedil;e, vd. dillerden &amp;ccedil;eviriler yapılmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;eviri yoluyla T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;enin s&amp;ouml;z varlığında değişmeler olmuş; ancak s&amp;ouml;z varlığı T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e &amp;ouml;zelliğini kaybetmemiş, yeni s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;kler T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;enin imk&amp;acirc;nlarıyla yaratılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"&gt;Karahanlıların İslamiyeti &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;kabul etmesiyle birlikte de bağlı oldukları dinleri asıl kaynaklarından &amp;ouml;ğrenme ve yayma d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesi devam etmiş, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;daki din&amp;icirc; terimlere T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e karşılıklar aranmış &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e s&amp;ouml;z ya da dil bilgisinden yararlanılmıştır. Kutsal bir metin olan Kurˈ&amp;acirc;n-ı Kerim karşısında, din&amp;icirc; bir mesuliyetle hareket eden ilk m&amp;uuml;tercimler Arap&amp;ccedil;a s&amp;ouml;z dizimi ve yapı bilgisiyle şekillenmiş s&amp;ouml;z bilgisine eşdeğerlikler ararken genellikle birebir s&amp;ouml;z ve yapı bakımından uyan karşılıklar aramışlardır. &amp;Ouml;yle ki, bu ama&amp;ccedil;la bazen T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e gramer bilgisinin imk&amp;acirc;nları da zorlanarak yeni bi&amp;ccedil;im birimlerini t&amp;uuml;retmişlerdir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"&gt;Kurˈ&amp;acirc;n-ı Kerim&amp;rsquo;in T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e ilk terc&amp;uuml;mesinin &amp;lsquo;ne zaman, nerede ve nasıl&amp;rsquo; yapıldığı hakkında bug&amp;uuml;n i&amp;ccedil;in kesin bir bilgi bulunmamasına rağmen, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ze ulaşan Doğu ve Batı T&amp;uuml;rk yazı dillerinde yazılmış terc&amp;uuml;me ve tefsirlerin dili incelendiğinde Kurˈ&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın; Karahanlı, Harezm, &amp;Ccedil;ağatay ve Oğuz illerinde &amp;ccedil;eşitli T&amp;uuml;rk leh&amp;ccedil;elerine terc&amp;uuml;me edildiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Tarih&amp;icirc; T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e Kur&amp;rsquo;an Terc&amp;uuml;meleri &amp;uuml;zerine yapılan incelemeler tarihsel s&amp;ouml;z varlığı, dilbilgisi, din ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r konularına ışık tutarak T&amp;uuml;rkoloji &amp;ccedil;alışmalarına katkı sağlamaktadır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: -.2pt; background: white; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;The written texts of the G&amp;ouml;kt&amp;uuml;rks, who lived a nomadic and raiding lifestyle with the belief in the Sky God, contain very few religious terms and mostly military and warfare-related terminology. Following the G&amp;ouml;kt&amp;uuml;rks, the Uighurs, influenced by the religions they adopted such as Manichaeism and Buddhism, entered a different cultural environment compared to other Turkic tribes. When a community can change its cultural environment, changes also occur in its language. Driven by the desire to learn and spread the religions they adhered to from their original sources, the Uighurs made translations into Uighur from languages like Chinese, Sanskrit, and others. Through these translations, changes occurred in the Turkish lexicon; however, the lexicon did not lose its Turkish character, and new words were created with the possibilities of the Turkish language. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: -.2pt; background: white; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;With the acceptance of Islam by the Karakhanids, the idea of learning and spreading the religions they adhered to from their original sources continued. Turkish equivalents were sought for religious terms in the Qur'an, and mostly Turkish words or grammar were utilized. In the face of the Qur'an, a sacred text, the first to act with religious responsibility&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: -.2pt; background: white; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;Translators, while looking for equivalences in the vocabulary shaped by Arabic syntax and grammar, generally sought counterparts that matched word-for-word and in terms of structure. To achieve this, they sometimes pushed the boundaries of Turkish grammar, creating new morphological units. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: -.2pt; background: white; mso-fareast-language: TR;"&gt;Although there is no definitive information today about "when, where, and how" the first Turkish translation of the Qur'an was made, when examining the language of translations and interpretations written in the Eastern and Western Turkish written languages that have survived to the present day, it is seen that the Qur'an was translated into various Turkish dialects in the regions of Karakhanids, Khwarezm, Chagatai, and Oghuz. Studies on historical Turkish Qur'an translations contribute to Turkology research by shedding light on historical vocabulary, grammar, religion, and cultural topics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79865</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[209-213]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/155</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Nebi ve Resullere Atılan Sihir ve Sihirbaz İftiralarının Teolojik Psikososyal Arka Planı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Theological Psychosocial Background of Slanders of Magic and Magicians Hurled at Prophets and Messengers]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Osman ORAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kelam, Sihir, Sihirbaz, İftira, Nebi, Resul.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kalam, Magic, Magician, Slander, Prophet, Mesenger.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Kur&amp;rsquo;an, ilah&amp;icirc; mesajlara &amp;ldquo;sihir&amp;rdquo;, el&amp;ccedil;ilere &amp;ldquo;sihirbaz, sihirlenmiş ve mecnun&amp;rdquo; gibi iftiralar atıldığını bildirir. Hz. S&amp;uuml;leyman&amp;rsquo;ın m&amp;uuml;lk&amp;uuml; sihirle kazandığı ve y&amp;ouml;nettiği iddiasını b&amp;acirc;tıl ve tutarsız bulur. &amp;Acirc;ileyi ve sosyal birliği bozma gibi fesat amelleri yapan sihirbazın başarıya ulaşamayacağını, insanları aldatma ve yalan &amp;uuml;zerine kurulu sihrin k&amp;uuml;f&amp;uuml;r ve nank&amp;ouml;rl&amp;uuml;k ameli olduğunu belirtir. Hz. M&amp;ucirc;s&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;nın as&amp;acirc;sı gibi doğru ve ger&amp;ccedil;eklerin a&amp;ccedil;ıklanmasıyla sihrin psikososyal etkilerinin ortadan kalkacağını a&amp;ccedil;ıklar. Sihir ve sihirbaz iftirasının arka planında; şeytan fakt&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml; nefs&amp;icirc; arzular, aklı dışlama ve takl&amp;icirc;d, ceh&amp;acirc;let ve gaflet, alay, şımarıklık, azgınlık, d&amp;uuml;nya ve makam sevgisi, kibir, baskı, korku, haset, zul&amp;uuml;m, ink&amp;acirc;r, şirk, aşırı sevgi, yanlış din algıları gibi psikososyal gerek&amp;ccedil;eler sayılabilir. İlah&amp;icirc; mesajları hafife alan ya da ink&amp;acirc;r eden, Allah ve din hakkında sorgulamadan geleneksel ata k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; taklid eder, hakkı gizler, b&amp;acirc;tıla hak elbisesi giydirerek insanları aldatır. Hayatın normal akışını bozar, &amp;uuml;retimi ve ekonomik kazanımları rib&amp;acirc;, gasb ve r&amp;uuml;şvet gibi haksızlıklarla s&amp;ouml;m&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;r. İlah&amp;icirc; mesajları y&amp;uuml;klenen kavramları tahrif eder ya da başka kelimelerle değiştirir. Sihir ve sihirbaz iftirasının asıl amacı; &amp;ouml;ld&amp;uuml;kten sonra dirilmeyi, hesaplaşmayı ink&amp;acirc;r edip sorumluluğu başkalarına y&amp;uuml;klemektir. Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;da sihir anlatımının hikmeti; kişiye psikolojik motivasyon desteği, yaratılış kuralları ve ilimlere g&amp;uuml;venmesi, hile ve kandırmalardan etkilenmeden &amp;ccedil;alışmaya, başarıya ve mutluluğa odaklanmasıdır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Nitel bir araştırma tarzı ve belge &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mleme y&amp;ouml;ntemi kullanılan bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada; nebi ve resullere atılan &amp;ldquo;sihir&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;sihirbaz&amp;rdquo; iftirasının teolojik psikososyal arka planı Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;a g&amp;ouml;re incelenmekte kel&amp;acirc;m ilmi &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde değerlendirilmektedir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The Qur&amp;rsquo;an informs that slanders such as &amp;ldquo;magic&amp;rdquo; are hurled at to the divine messages and &amp;ldquo;magicians, fascinated and madmen&amp;rdquo; at the messengers. He finds the prophet Solomon&amp;rsquo;s claim that he gained and managed the property by magic to be superstitious and inconsistent. He states that a magician who does evil deeds such as disrupting the family and social union cannot achieve success, and that magic based on deceiving people and lying is an act of blasphemy and ingratitude. It is stated that the magic performed with the intention of Decoupling between husband and wife is a blasphem deed. He explains that the psychosocial effects of magic will disappear with the explanation of truths and facts such as the staff of prophet Moses. Psychosocial reasons such as self-desires, exclusion and imitation of the mind, ignorance and heedlessness, mockery, hypocrisy, rebellion, love of the world and office, arrogance, oppression, fear, envy, cruelty, denial, polytheism, excessive love, false perceptions of religion can be considered behind these magic and magician slanders. The fate of the nebi and messengers who defend and teach the book, i.e. the Qur&amp;rsquo;an and universal knowledge; liar, unintelligent, sinister, magician, poet, etc. it is to be exposed to slanders and psychological violence. Those who underestimate or deny the divine messages imitate the traditional ancestral culture without questioning about Allah and religion, hide the truth, deceive people by dressing up falsehood in the dress of truth. It disrupts the normal course of life, exploits production and economic gains with injustices such as riba, extortion and bribery. The main purpose of slandering prophet and messengers as &amp;ldquo;magicians&amp;rdquo; and revelation as &amp;ldquo;magic&amp;rdquo; is to deny the resurrection and reckoning after death and to assign responsibility to others. The wisdom of the narration of magic in the Qur'an is that it provides psychological motivation support to a person, trusts the rules of creation and sciences, focuses on work, success and happiness without being affected by tricks and deceptions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;In this study, which uses a qualitative research style and document analysis method, the theological psychosocial background of the slander of &amp;ldquo;magic&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;magician&amp;rdquo; hurled at the prophets and the messengers is examined according to the Qur&amp;rsquo;an and evaluated within the framework of kalam science.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79748</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[587-605]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/156</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Lâzımu Mezhebi’l-İmam Kavramı ve Bunun Tahrîcle İlişkisi Çerçevesinde Bazı Usulî ve Fıkhî Örneklerin Tespit ve Analizi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Identification and Analysis of Some Usulī and fiqhī Examples within the Framework of the Concept of Lâzımu Mezhebi al-Imam and its Relationship with Tahrîc]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hidayet ZERTÜRK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslâm Hukuku, Tahrîc, Lâzımu Mezhebi’l-İmam, İkâle, Tekfir.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Law, Tahrîc, Lâzımu Mezhebi al-Imam, Iqaala, Takfir.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Mezheb imamının usul, kaide ve kavillerinden hareketle h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml; a&amp;ccedil;ıklanmayan benzeri bir meselede onun adına h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;m verme anlamı taşıyan tahr&amp;icirc;c ile mezheb imamının doğrudan s&amp;ouml;z ve g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nden değil de bunun delalet ettiği bir kısım l&amp;acirc;zim&amp;icirc;/&amp;ccedil;ağrıştırma t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; anlamlarından kaynaklı mezheb imamı adına h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;m istinbatı &amp;ccedil;abası sayılan l&amp;acirc;zımu&amp;rsquo;l-mezheb, mahiyet, netice ve &amp;ouml;rnekleme a&amp;ccedil;ısından birbiriyle benzeşmektedir. Usul ve fıkıh &amp;acirc;limlerinin her iki kavramı bazen birbirlerinin yerinde kullanmaları bazen de bir kısım uygulama ve &amp;ouml;rneklerde aralarındaki farka işareten ayrıştırma yoluna gitmeleri, l&amp;acirc;zımu&amp;rsquo;l-mezhebi, tahr&amp;icirc;cin bir b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; ya da onun başka bir versiyonu şeklinde algılamamıza yol a&amp;ccedil;mıştır. L&amp;acirc;zımu&amp;rsquo;l-mezhebin tahr&amp;icirc;cten sayılıp sayılmadığı tartışıldığı ve bu bağlamda ortaya konan &amp;ouml;rneklerin her iki tarafa da &amp;ccedil;ekilebildiği g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne alındığında bu araştırmanın &amp;ouml;nemi daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Makalede mezk&amp;ucirc;r kavramla tahr&amp;icirc;c arasındaki ilişki ve bunlarla ilgili &amp;ouml;rnekler değerlendirilecektir. Burada l&amp;acirc;zımu&amp;rsquo;l-mezhebin ne t&amp;uuml;r bir mahiyete sahip olduğu ve bunun tahr&amp;icirc;cten sayılıp sayılmayacağı ayrıca hangi y&amp;ouml;nlerden tahr&amp;icirc;cle kesiştiği ya da ondan ayrıştığı, us&amp;ucirc;l ve fıkıhla ilgili eserlerde s&amp;ouml;z konusu tahr&amp;icirc;c &amp;ouml;rneklerinin kısmen de olsa bu kavramla ilişkisinin ne d&amp;uuml;zeyde olduğu gibi sorulara cevap aranacaktır. Metot olarak &amp;ouml;nce l&amp;acirc;zımu&amp;rsquo;l-mezheb kavramının mahiyetini tespit maksadıyla i&amp;ccedil;eriğinde temel noktayı oluşturan l&amp;acirc;zım s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; &amp;ouml;nemine binaen dil, mantık ve us&amp;ucirc;l bilginlerinin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde tanımlama yoluna gidilecektir. Zira bu s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;k mezk&amp;ucirc;r kavramın mahiyetini tespitte &amp;ouml;nemli bir unsuru oluşturmaktadır. Akabinde s&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; edilen kavramın tahr&amp;icirc;cle kesiştiği ya da ayrıştığı hususlar tayine &amp;ccedil;alışılacaktır. Araştırmada hem us&amp;ucirc;l hem de fıkıhla ilgili &amp;ouml;rnekler tahlil edilip bunların l&amp;acirc;zımu&amp;rsquo;l-mezhebten mi yoksa tahr&amp;icirc;cten mi sayılacağı tartışılacaktır. Tahr&amp;icirc;cle mezk&amp;ucirc;r kavram arasındaki ilişki aynı metotla ana &amp;ccedil;izgileriyle tespite &amp;ccedil;alışılacaktır. L&amp;acirc;zımu&amp;rsquo;l-mezhebin &amp;ndash; tahr&amp;icirc;cten sayılsın ya da sayılmasın- tahr&amp;icirc;c derecesinde &amp;uuml;zerinde durulmadığı ayrıca bunun bilin&amp;ccedil;sizce kullanımından bazı yanlış g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş ve fetvaların bir kısım imam ya da m&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;tehitlere nisbet edildiği ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır. Eb&amp;ucirc; Han&amp;icirc;fe&amp;rsquo;ye (&amp;ouml;. 150/767) nisbet edilen Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın salt manadan ibaret olduğu anlayışı buna &amp;ouml;rnek g&amp;ouml;sterilebilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Tahrij, which means making a judgement on behalf of the imam of the madhhab in a similar matter whose ruling is not explained based on his procedures, principles and sayings, and lazım al-mezhhab, which is considered as an effort to infer a ruling on behalf of the imam of the madhhab, not directly from his direct words and opinions, but from some of the lazimi/invitation type meanings implied by this, are similar in terms of nature, result and exemplification. The fact that the scholars of usul al-fiqh and fiqh sometimes use both concepts interchangeably and sometimes differentiate them by pointing out the difference between them in some applications and examples has led us to perceive the concept of ought al-masheb as a part of tahr&amp;icirc;c or another version of it. The importance of this research is better understood when it is taken into consideration that it is debated whether al-maḍām al-madhhab counts as tahrīj or not, and the examples put forward in this context can be taken to both sides. In this article, the relationship between this concept and tahrīj and examples related to them will be evaluated. Here, we will seek answers to questions such as what kind of a nature al-maṣḥīd al-madhhab has and whether it can be considered as tahrīj, in which aspects it intersects with or differs from tahrīj, and to what extent the examples of tahrīj in the works on usul al-usūl and fiqh are related to this concept, even partially. As a method, firstly, in order to determine the nature of the concept of al-āzīm al-madhhab, the word al-āzīm, which constitutes the main point in its content, will be defined within the framework of the views of language, logic and usul scholars. Because this word constitutes an important element in determining the nature of the aforementioned concept. Subsequently, it will be tried to determine the points where the mentioned concept intersects or diverges with tahrīj. In this study, examples related to both usul al-usūl and fiqh will be analysed and it will be discussed whether they are considered to be from al-maṣl al-madhhab or from tahrīj. The relationship between tahrīl and the aforementioned concept will be analysed with the same method. It is also evident that the importance of the lāḍim al-madhhab, whether or not it is counted as tahrīj, is not emphasised to the extent of tahrīj, and that some wrong opinions and fatwas are attributed to some imams or mujtahids due to its unconscious use. The understanding attributed to Abū Hanīfa (d. 150/767) that the Qur'ān consists only of meaning can be given as an example.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79521</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[683-699]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/157</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Fransa’da Tarih Dersi Programları ve Kitaplarında İslam Din Eğitimi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Religious Education in History Curriculums and Textbooks in France]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet BAHÇEKAPILI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din eğitimi, İslam din eğitimi, Fransa, laik yaklaşım, Tarih dersi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious education, Islamic religious education, France, secular approach, History course,.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Avrupa&amp;rsquo;da bir&amp;ccedil;ok &amp;uuml;lkenin yerel, b&amp;ouml;lgesel ve ulusal bağlamlarından kaynaklanan dini, sosyal ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel farklılıkları sebebiyle din eğitimine y&amp;ouml;nelik yaklaşım ve uygulamalarında &amp;ccedil;eşitlilik g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle &lt;span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"&gt;Fransa din eğitimi uygulamaları noktasında, diğer Avrupa &amp;uuml;lkelerinden olduk&amp;ccedil;a farklı bir yere sahiptir. Fransa&amp;rsquo;da din eğitiminin ge&amp;ccedil;irdiği hukuki ve yapısal d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mlerin temelinde laiklik anlayışı bulunmaktadır. 19. y&amp;uuml;zyılın sonlarında eğitimin laikleştirilmesini i&amp;ccedil;eren yasal d&amp;uuml;zenlemeler sonrasında din ile devlet arasında siyasi ve hukuki ayrışmaların ardından eğitim alanın da d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mler yaşanmıştır. 1905 Eğitim Yasası sonrasında okullarda başlıca bir ders olarak din &amp;ouml;ğretimine yer verilmezken, 20 y&amp;uuml;zyılın son &amp;ccedil;eyreğinde din eğitimi alanında g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;len eksiliği gidermek amacıyla dinler hakkında &amp;ouml;ğretim temelinde Fransızca, Tarih, Sanat tarihi gibi dersler i&amp;ccedil;erisinde dinler hakkında bilgi verilmesine karar verilmiştir. Bu bağlamda bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, Tarih dersi kapsamında İslam dininin nasıl sunulduğu ortaya konulmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. Nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi temelinde dok&amp;uuml;man analizi ve anlam analizi tekniklerine başvurulan araştırmada veri kaynağı olarak Fransa Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından &amp;ldquo;26 Kasım 2015&amp;rsquo;de yayımlanan ilkokuldan lise sona kadar okutulan Tarih dersi &amp;ouml;ğretim programı ve ile Emilie Blanchard ve Arnaud Mercier edit&amp;ouml;rl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;nde Mart 2016&amp;rsquo;da basılan ve &amp;uuml;lke &amp;ccedil;apında okutulan &amp;ldquo;Histoire-G&amp;eacute;ographie: Enseignement moral er civique. 5e adlı Tarih dersi kitabı&amp;rdquo; kullanılmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde İslam dininin inan&amp;ccedil;, ibadet ve ahlaki konuları ile İslam medeniyeti ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ne ait konuların eğitsel a&amp;ccedil;ından son derece başarı bir şekilde sunulduğu; dini bilgilerin i&amp;ccedil;eriği a&amp;ccedil;ısından ise genel olarak fenomonolojik yaklaşımın temel ilkelerine uyulduğu ancak, Ha&amp;ccedil;lı seferleri ve k&amp;ouml;le ticareti konularında benzer yaklaşımın g&amp;ouml;sterilmediği belirlenmiştir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;In Europe, approaches and practices in religious education display significant diversity due to the religious, social, and cultural differences arising from the local, regional, and national contexts of various countries. France occupies a particularly distinct position in terms of religious education practices compared to other European countries. The foundation of the legal and structural transformations in religious education in France lies in its understanding of secularism (la&amp;iuml;cit&amp;eacute;). Following the legal regulations that secularized education in the late 19th century, the separation of religion and state in political and legal spheres was accompanied by transformations in the field of education. After the 1905 Education Law, religious instruction ceased to be a primary subject in schools. However, in the last quarter of the 20th century, to address the perceived deficiencies in religious education, it was decided to provide information about religions within other subjects such as French, History, and Art History. In this context, in this study, it has been tried to reveal how the religion of Islam is presented in the History course. In the study, in which document analysis and meaning analysis techniques were used on the basis of qualitative research method, the data source was the History curriculum published by the French Ministry of Education on 26 November 2015 and the &amp;lsquo;Histoire-G&amp;eacute;ographie: Enseignement moral er civique. 5e History textbook&amp;rsquo; was used. The findings indicate that topics related to the beliefs, practices, and ethics of Islam, as well as Islamic civilization and culture, are presented with high educational quality. While the content of religious information generally adheres to the principles of the phenomenological approach, the same level of neutrality and balance is not observed in discussions of topics such as the Crusades and the slave trade. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79497</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 4[435-468]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/158</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Batılıların Ortadoğu'ya Demokrasi Getirme İddialarının Ahlakî Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Ethical Evaluation of the Western Claims to Bring Democracy to the Middle East]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sait POLAT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, Ahlak, Demokrası, Batılı Devletler, Ortadoğu]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, Morality, Democracy, Western States, Middle East]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu makale, Batılı devletlerin Ortadoğu'ya demokrasi getirme iddialarını ahlak&amp;icirc; bir perspektiften değerlendirmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Ortadoğu&amp;rsquo;ya y&amp;ouml;nelik m&amp;uuml;dahaleler genellikle insan hakları, &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;k ve demokrasinin yaygınlaştırılması gerek&amp;ccedil;eleriyle meşrulaştırılmıştır. Ancak bu m&amp;uuml;dahalelerin ve iddiaların sonu&amp;ccedil;ları etik a&amp;ccedil;ıdan sorgulanmasını gerektirmektedir. Irak, Libya, Suriye ve Mısır gibi &amp;uuml;lkelerde yaşanan asker&amp;icirc; ve siyas&amp;icirc; m&amp;uuml;dahaleler, sadece bu &amp;uuml;lkelerin toplumsal ve politik yapılarında derin yaralar a&amp;ccedil;makla kalmamış, aynı zamanda Batı'nın demokrasi anlayışının i&amp;ccedil;sel &amp;ccedil;elişkilerini de g&amp;ouml;zler &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne sermiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, &amp;ouml;ncelikle Batı&amp;rsquo;nın Ortadoğu&amp;rsquo;daki demokrasi teşebb&amp;uuml;slerinin tarihsel arka planını ve bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan ahlak&amp;icirc; paradoksları inceleyecektir. ABD&amp;rsquo;nin Irak işgali ve Arap Baharı gibi somut &amp;ouml;rnekler &amp;uuml;zerinden, Batı&amp;rsquo;nın demokrasi ihracı s&amp;ouml;yleminin uygulamada nasıl bir başarısızlığa d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; ve bu başarısızlığın Ortadoğu toplumları &amp;uuml;zerindeki yıkıcı etkileri ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca Batı&amp;rsquo;nın insan hakları ve demokrasi s&amp;ouml;yleminin uygulamadaki &amp;ccedil;ifte standartları ve ahlak&amp;icirc; tutarsızlıkları tartışılacaktır. Makalenin temel arg&amp;uuml;manı, Batı&amp;rsquo;nın Ortadoğu&amp;rsquo;ya y&amp;ouml;nelik demokrasi getirme iddialarının ahlak&amp;icirc; a&amp;ccedil;ıdan savunulabilir olmaktan uzak olduğudur. Bu iddiaların b&amp;ouml;lgede kalıcı barış ve istikrar yerine, daha fazla &amp;ccedil;atışma ve toplumsal b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;nmelere yol a&amp;ccedil;tığı vurgulanmaktadır. Batı demokrasi ve insan hakları s&amp;ouml;ylemini Ortadoğu&amp;rsquo;da yaygınlaştırma iddiasındayken, aynı zamanda otoriter rejimlerle iş birliği yapmış, b&amp;ouml;lgesel m&amp;uuml;ttefiklerinin insan hakları ihlallerine g&amp;ouml;z yummuştur. Bu &amp;ccedil;elişkili tutum, Batı'nın ahlak&amp;icirc; meşruiyetini &amp;ouml;nemli &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de zedelemiş ve demokrasi ihra&amp;ccedil; etme s&amp;ouml;yleminin g&amp;uuml;venilirliğini tartışmalı hale getirmiştir. Batı&amp;rsquo;nın bu &amp;ccedil;ifte standartlarının ele alınabilmesi i&amp;ccedil;in ahlak&amp;icirc; yeniden değerlendirme yapılması ve demokrasi ile insan hakları s&amp;ouml;yleminin daha tutarlı ve evrensel bir temelde yeniden yapılandırılması gerekmektedir. Batılı &amp;uuml;lkeler ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirdikleri m&amp;uuml;dahalelerin sonu&amp;ccedil;larından doğrudan sorumludur ve bu sorumluluğun gerekleri olan hesap verebilirlik ve zararların telafisi konularında ciddi eksiklikler bulunmaktadır. Batı&amp;rsquo;nın bu sorumluluğunu kabul etmesini ve ge&amp;ccedil;mişte yapılan hatalardan ders alarak gelecekte daha etik bir yaklaşım benimsemesini gerektirir. Bu değerlendirmeler ışığında, Batı&amp;rsquo;nın Ortadoğu&amp;rsquo;da izlediği politikaların yeniden g&amp;ouml;zden ge&amp;ccedil;irilmesi ve demokrasiyi evrensel bir değer olarak değil, b&amp;ouml;lgesel dinamiklere saygı duyan bir s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil; olarak ele alması gerekir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This article aims to evaluate the Western claims to bring democracy to the Middle East from an ethical perspective. Interventions in the Middle East have often been justified on the grounds of promoting human rights, freedom, and democracy. However, the outcomes of these interventions and claims necessitate ethical scrutiny. Military and political interventions in countries such as Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Egypt have not only inflicted deep wounds on the social and political structures of these nations but have also revealed the inherent contradictions within the Western understanding of democracy. The study will first examine the historical background of the West&amp;rsquo;s attempts to introduce democracy in the Middle East and the moral paradoxes that have emerged in this process. Through concrete examples such as the U.S. invasion of Iraq and the Arab Spring, the paper will explore how the Western rhetoric of exporting democracy has failed in practice and how this failure has had devastating effects on Middle Eastern societies. Furthermore, the double standards and moral inconsistencies in the West&amp;rsquo;s discourse on human rights and democracy will be discussed. The main argument of the article is that the Western claims of bringing democracy to the Middle East are far from being ethically defensible. Rather than leading to lasting peace and stability, these claims have resulted in more conflict and social fragmentation in the region.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79427</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[607-635]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/159</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslam Perspektifinden Ehl-i Zimme'nin Konumu]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Ibn al-Zimmah Position from an Islamic Perspective]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Emin ESER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dinler Tarihi, Ehl-i zimme, Sözleşme, Yahudi, Hristiyan.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Religions, Ahl al-Dhimma, Covenant, Jew, Christian.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu araştırma, İslam perspektifinden "ehl-i zimme" kavramını ele alarak, İslam&amp;rsquo;ın hoşg&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml; ve adalet ilkeleri &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde farklı din ve inan&amp;ccedil;lardan bireylerle olan ilişkilerini derinlemesine incelemektedir. "Ehl-i zimme", İslam toplumlarında yaşayan, ancak M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man olmayan bireyleri ifade eder ve bu kavram, İslam&amp;rsquo;ın kapsayıcı ve adaletli doğasının bir yansıması olarak değerlendirilir. İslam, tarihsel ve toplumsal bağlamda farklı inan&amp;ccedil;lardan insanlarla bir arada yaşama ilkesini benimsemiş ve bu yaklaşımını, toplumsal uyumu, barışı ve hoşg&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml; teşvik etmek amacıyla geliştirmiştir. Kur'an-ı Kerim ve Peygamber Efendimiz'in (s.a.v) &amp;ouml;ğretileri, ehl-i zimme mensuplarının haklarını, din&amp;icirc;, sosyal ve ekonomik a&amp;ccedil;ıdan g&amp;uuml;vence altına almış; onlara inan&amp;ccedil; &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;, mal-m&amp;uuml;lk dokunulmazlığı gibi haklar tanımıştır. Ayrıca, bu hakların uygulanmasında Raşit halifelerinin ve sah&amp;acirc;belerin g&amp;ouml;sterdiği tutum, İslam'ın hoşg&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml; ve adalet ilkelerinin somut &amp;ouml;rnekleri olarak dikkat &amp;ccedil;eker. Halifeler, ehl-i zimme ile adil bir şekilde muamele etmiş, onlara sadece dini değil, aynı zamanda sosyal ve ekonomik haklar sağlamışlardır. Bu tutum, İslam toplumunun &amp;ccedil;ok dinli yapısını ve hoşg&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml; k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; beslemiş, farklı topluluklar arasında uyum ve barış i&amp;ccedil;inde bir arada yaşamayı m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n kılmıştır. İslam&amp;rsquo;ın ehl-i zimme yaklaşımı, sadece bir hukuk&amp;icirc; stat&amp;uuml; değil, aynı zamanda insan onuruna, haklarına ve &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml;klerine saygı g&amp;ouml;stermenin bir ifadesidir. Bu anlayış, İslam'ın evrensel değerlerine dayanan bir toplum d&amp;uuml;zeninin temelini oluşturur. Din&amp;icirc; inan&amp;ccedil;lar ve kimlikler arasında ayrım yapmaksızın t&amp;uuml;m insanlara eşit haklar tanıyan İslam, toplumsal adaletin sağlanmasında &amp;ouml;nemli bir rol oynamıştır. Bu bağlamda, İslam toplumlarında farklı dinlerden bireylerle bir arada yaşamanın, toplumun k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel &amp;ccedil;eşitliliğini artırarak, sosyal uyum ve dayanışma duygusunu pekiştirdiği vurgulanabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This research delves into the concept of "dhimmi" from an Islamic perspective, examining the relationships between individuals of different religions and beliefs within the framework of Islam&amp;rsquo;s principles of tolerance and justice. "Dhimmi" refers to non-Muslim individuals living in Islamic societies, and this concept is considered a reflection of Islam's inclusive and just nature. Throughout history and within a social context, Islam has embraced the principle of coexisting with people of different beliefs, developing this approach to promote social harmony, peace, and tolerance. The Qur'an and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) have guaranteed the rights of dhimmi individuals in terms of religious, social, and economic protection, including religious freedom and the inviolability of property. Furthermore, the attitudes displayed by the Rashidun Caliphs and the companions (Sahabah) in applying these rights serve as concrete examples of Islam&amp;rsquo;s principles of tolerance and justice. The caliphs treated the dhimmi with fairness, ensuring not only their religious rights but also their social and economic rights. This attitude fostered the multi-religious structure and culture of tolerance within Islamic society, making peaceful coexistence among different communities possible. Islam&amp;rsquo;s approach to the dhimmi is not just a legal status; it is also an expression of respect for human dignity, rights, and freedoms. This understanding forms the foundation of a societal order based on Islam&amp;rsquo;s universal values. Islam, by granting equal rights to all people regardless of their religious beliefs and identities, has played a significant role in ensuring social justice. In this context, the co-existence of individuals from different religions within Islamic societies has helped enhance the cultural diversity of the community and strengthen feelings of social solidarity and unity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79261</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[447-462]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/160</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ahmed er-Rifâî’ye Göre Zâhir-Bâtın Dengesi Açısından Sûfî-Fakih İlişkisi ve Şathiye]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Sufi-Faqīh Relationship in Terms of Dhāhir-Bāṭin According to Ahmad al-Rifāʽī and Shathiyya]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Saki ÇAKIR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf, Ahmed er-Rifâî, Zâhir, Bâtın, Şeriat, Hakikat, Şathiye]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sufism, Ahmad al-Rifāʽī, Dhāhir, Bāṭin, Sharīʿa, Haqīqa, Shathiyya]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Erken d&amp;ouml;nemden itibaren ehl-i s&amp;uuml;nnet tasavvuf anlayışını benimseyen s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;ler, z&amp;acirc;hir-b&amp;acirc;tın/şeriat-hakikat ilişkisinde alan farklılığına dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekerek dengeyi g&amp;ouml;zetmişlerdir. Bu hususu tarikatların kuruluş d&amp;ouml;neminde de g&amp;ouml;rmekteyiz. Tasavvufun kitlelere yayılmasından sonra ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan ilk tarikatlardan biri olan Rif&amp;acirc;iyye tarikatının kurucusu Ahmed er-Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;. 578/1182) de eserlerinde z&amp;acirc;hir-b&amp;acirc;tın konusunu işlemiştir. Ahmed er-Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc; &amp;ldquo;tarikat şeriattır&amp;rdquo; s&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;yle klasik d&amp;ouml;nem s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;leri gibi tasavvufi yaşantıda şeriat kurallarının merkezde olması gerektiğini d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nmektedir. Bu bağlamda m&amp;uuml;ridlerine alimlerin ve fakihlerin hukukuna riayet etmelerini telkin etmiş ve bunu ihmal etmeyi cehalet olarak g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. &amp;Ouml;te yandan z&amp;acirc;hirle yetinip b&amp;acirc;tıni ilimlerden faydalanmayan z&amp;acirc;hir ulemasını da maneviyat a&amp;ccedil;ısından noksan bulmuştur. Tasavvufta Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e tabi olmanın l&amp;uuml;zumuna dair hadisler paylaşan Ahmed er-Rif&amp;acirc;&amp;icirc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!-- [if supportFields]&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:&#13;
10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";&#13;
mso-ansi-language:TR;mso-fareast-language:TR;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'&gt;&lt;span&#13;
style='mso-element:field-begin'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; XE "Ahmed Rifâî" &lt;/span&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!-- [if supportFields]&gt;&lt;span&#13;
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:&#13;
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:TR;mso-fareast-language:TR;mso-bidi-language:&#13;
AR-SA'&gt;&lt;span style='mso-element:field-end'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&amp;rsquo;ye g&amp;ouml;re, s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;ler hadisleri &amp;ouml;ğrenip s&amp;uuml;nnete t&amp;acirc;bi olmaya &amp;ouml;zen g&amp;ouml;stermelidir. Ona g&amp;ouml;re z&amp;acirc;hir-b&amp;acirc;tın dengesini g&amp;ouml;zeterek marifetullaha ulaşmak ancak nebevi ahlakı miras edinmeyle ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşebilir. Yine sahabenin izinden gidilmesi gerektiğine dair rivayet edilen hadisleri şerh edip bunu tarikatın m&amp;uuml;him bir esası olarak g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;r. S&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;-f&amp;acirc;kih ilişkisine temas ederken dini ilimlerdeki yetkinliklerinden s&amp;ouml;z eder. Ona g&amp;ouml;re fakihi inkar eden s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc; ilahi imtihanı kaybederken, s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;nin halini inkar eden fakih ise dinin maneviyatından yoksun kalır. Z&amp;acirc;hir-b&amp;acirc;tın dengesinde z&amp;acirc;hire aykırı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;nen şathiyeler hakkında ise m&amp;uuml;teşerriʻ s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc; kimliğiyle dikkat &amp;ccedil;eker. Ona g&amp;ouml;re bu s&amp;ouml;zler istiğrak halinde sadır olduğundan, şeriata aykırı olduğu takdirde zahiren kabul edilmesi doğru değildir. Bunun yerine tevil edip şathiyenin nispet edildiği k&amp;acirc;mil s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc; hakkında h&amp;uuml;sn&amp;uuml; zan beslemelidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Sufis who adopted the Ahl as-Sunnah sufism understanding from the early period observed the balance in the relationship between the dhāhir-bāṭin/the sharīʿa-ḥaqīqa. We also see this issue in the founding period of sufi orders. Ahmed al-Rifāʽī (d. 578/1182), the founder of the Rifāiyya order, one of the first orders to emerge after sufism spread to the masses, also dealt with the subject of the dhāhir-bāṭin in his works. With his words, &amp;ldquo;Ṭarīqa is sharīʿa,&amp;rdquo; al-Rifāʽī thinks that the rules of sharīʿa should be at the center of sufi life, like the sufis of the classical period. In this context, he inculcated his disciples to abide by the law of ʻulama&amp;rsquo; and fuqahā&amp;rsquo;, and regarded neglecting this as ignorance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;According to al-Rifāʽī, who shared hadiths about the necessity of following the Prophet, sufis should be careful to learn the hadiths and follow the Sunnah. Likewise, following in the footsteps of the ṣaḥābah an important foundation of the order. While touching upon the sufi-faqīh relationship, he mentions their competence in religious sciences. According to him, a sufi who denies the faqīh loses the divine test, while a faqīh who denies the state of the sufi is deprived of the spirituality of religion.He keeps his distance from the shathiyyas. According to him, it is not right to accept the shathiyyas that seem to be contrary to the dhāhir. Instead, one should interpret them and have a good opinion about the &lt;em&gt;kāmil sufi&lt;/em&gt; to whom the shathiyya is attributed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79147</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[1-12]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/161</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[René Guénon’un Düşünsel Yolculuğu ve Modern Avrupa’ya Bakışı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[René Guénon’s Intellectual Journey and His View of Modern Europe]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Samet ZENGİNOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sosyoloji, René Guénon, Modern Avrupa, Metafizik, Doğu-Batı.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology, René Guénon, Modern Europe, Metaphysics, East-West.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Avrupa tarihi a&amp;ccedil;ısından modern d&amp;ouml;nemin başlangıcı ve sonrasında yaşanan gelişmeler sadece Avrupa&amp;rsquo;yı değil d&amp;uuml;nyanın bir&amp;ccedil;ok noktasını etkileyen s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;leri ve sonu&amp;ccedil;ları beraberinde getirmiştir. 19. y&amp;uuml;zyıldan itibaren sanat, edebiyat, siyaset, ekonomi, felsefe, mimari gibi bir&amp;ccedil;ok alanı etkisi altına alan modernizm s&amp;uuml;reci doğal olarak bir&amp;ccedil;ok bilimsel disiplin i&amp;ccedil;in yeni tartışma alanları ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarmıştır. Bu b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k kırılma noktasını Avrupa &amp;ouml;zelinde anlamak ve analiz etmek esasında modern d&amp;uuml;nyanın g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; analiz edebilmek adına da &amp;ouml;nem arz etmiştir. Dolayısıyla modern Avrupa&amp;rsquo;nın inşasına y&amp;ouml;nelik d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nsel girişimler s&amp;ouml;z konusu olabildiği gibi, esasında modern Avrupa&amp;rsquo;nın getirdiği tehlikeleri, tehditleri ve riskleri ifade eden &amp;ccedil;alışmalar ve d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;rler de s&amp;ouml;z konusu olmuştur. İşte Ren&amp;eacute; Gu&amp;eacute;non, bu eksende deyim yerindeyse ikinci boyutta yer alan d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;rlerden birisini temsil etmiştir. Yani onun eserlerinde modernizmin hem &amp;ouml;ncelikle Avrupa i&amp;ccedil;in hem de Doğu medeniyetleri i&amp;ccedil;in ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarmış olduğu tehditlere dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekilmiştir. Bu nedenle Gu&amp;eacute;non&amp;rsquo;un eserleri, &amp;ccedil;ok geniş bir alanı kapsamış olmasına karşın onun modern Avrupa &amp;ouml;zelindeki &amp;ccedil;alışmalarının dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekici olduğu d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;lmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; metafizik alandan uzaklaşma, niceliğin egemenliği, rasyonalizm, h&amp;uuml;manizm ve Doğu uygarlıklarının bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil; karşısındaki durumu gibi fakt&amp;ouml;rleri kaleme almıştır. Bu genel &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;eve dahilinde bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada Gu&amp;eacute;non&amp;rsquo;un &amp;ldquo;modern Avrupa&amp;rdquo; &amp;ouml;zelindeki g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerine ve değerlendirmelerine yer verilmiştir. İlgili g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şler ve değerlendirmeler ekseninde &amp;ccedil;izilen yol haritasında Gu&amp;eacute;non&amp;rsquo;un eserleri &amp;uuml;zerinden hareket edilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;In terms of European history, the beginning of the modern period and its aftermath brought about processes and results that affected not only Europe but also many parts of the world. Since the 19th century, the process of modernism, which has influenced many fields such as art, literature, politics, economy, philosophy and architecture, has naturally created new areas of discussion for many scientific disciplines. Understanding and analyzing this major breaking point in Europe has also been important in order to analyze the appearance of the modern world. Therefore, there have been intellectual attempts to construct modern Europe, as well as studies and thinkers expressing the dangers, threats and risks brought by modern Europe. On this axis, Ren&amp;eacute; Gu&amp;eacute;non represented one of the thinkers in the second dimension, so to speak. In other words, in his works, attention has been drawn to the threats posed by modernism both primarily for Europe and for Eastern civilizations. For this reason, although Gu&amp;eacute;non&amp;rsquo;s works cover a very wide area, it is thought that his work on modern Europe is remarkable. Because he wrote about factors such as distancing from metaphysics, the dominance of quantity, rationalism, humanism and the situation of Eastern civilizations in the face of this process. Within this general framework, Gu&amp;eacute;non&amp;rsquo;s views and evaluations on &amp;ldquo;modern Europe&amp;rdquo; are included in this study. The road map drawn on the axis of the relevant views and evaluations is based on Gu&amp;eacute;non&amp;rsquo;s works.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79094</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[197-207]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/162</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sekülerleşme Tezleri Üzerine Bibliyometrik Bir Analiz]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Bibliometric Analysıs On Secularization Thesis]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Harun TUNÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Sosyolojisi, Sekülerleşme Tezleri, Bibliyometrik Analiz, İçerik Analizi, Akademik Üretkenlik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Religion, Secularization Theses, Bibliometric Analysis, Content Analysis, Academic Productivity]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu araştırmada T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de &amp;ldquo;sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme&amp;rdquo; kapsamındaki y&amp;uuml;ksek lisans ve doktora tezleri incelenmektedir. Bu ama&amp;ccedil; doğrultusunda tezlerin verileri i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi ile toplanmış ve bibliyometrik analiz ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın &amp;ouml;rneklemini 111 tez oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda tezlerin yıl, dil, yazar ve danışman cinsiyeti, &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkan danışmanlar, &amp;uuml;niversite, enstit&amp;uuml;, anabilim dalı, anahtar kelime, y&amp;ouml;ntem, varsayım, hipotez, &amp;ouml;rneklem ve veri analiz aracına g&amp;ouml;re dağılımı sınıflandırılarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda yayın sayısında yıllar i&amp;ccedil;erisinde dikkat &amp;ccedil;eken bir artışın olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bu da gelişim d&amp;ouml;neminde olan bir alan i&amp;ccedil;in dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekicidir. Sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme konusunu ele almada Ankara ve İstanbul&amp;rsquo;daki k&amp;ouml;kl&amp;uuml; &amp;uuml;niversiteler başı &amp;ccedil;ekmektedir. Ayrıca konunun en fazla Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Anabilim Dalında ele alındığı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Bunların yanı sıra erkeklerin daha &amp;ccedil;ok sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme konusunu &amp;ccedil;alıştırdığı ve &amp;ccedil;alıştığı tespit edilmektedir. Ayrıca konunun &amp;ccedil;oğunlukla teorik d&amp;uuml;zlemde &amp;ccedil;alışıldığı oysa bilakis sahayı ilgilendiren sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme konusunun bu a&amp;ccedil;ıdan zayıf kaldığı tespit edilmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmalardaki &amp;ouml;rneklemlere bakıldığında ise &amp;ccedil;alışmaların belli bir alana sıkıştırılmadığı s&amp;ouml;ylenebilirse de T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;nin doğusu ve batısı ya da k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k ve b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k kentler g&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;yle bakıldığında birinci tarafındaki &amp;ouml;rneklemin ikinci tarafına g&amp;ouml;re daha zayıf kaldığı ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır. Ayrıca sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme ile ilgili &amp;ccedil;eşitli paradigmalar olmasına karşılık tezlerin &amp;ccedil;ok b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ccedil;oğunluğunda sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme olgusunun algılanışı ve ele alınışı klasik sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme paradigmasının etkisi altında şekillendiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bunun da aslında sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme alanını bir noktaya d&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;mleyerek bir sınırlamaya doğru y&amp;ouml;nelttiği d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;lmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study examines master&amp;rsquo;s and doctoral theses in Turkey within the scope of &amp;ldquo;secularization&amp;rdquo;. For this purpose, the data of the theses were collected using content analysis and evaluated using bibliometric analysis. The sample of the study consists of 111 theses. In this context, the distribution of theses was classified and examined according to year, language, gender of the author and advisor, prominent advisors, university, institute, department, keyword, method, assumption, hypothesis, sample and data analysis tool. As a result of the analysis, it is seen that there has been a remarkable increase in the number of publications over the years. This is also remarkable for a field that is in its development phase. Well-established universities in Ankara and Istanbul take the lead in addressing the issue of secularization. It is also seen that the issue is mostly addressed in the Department of Philosophy and Religious Sciences. In addition, it is determined that men mostly study and work on the issue of secularization. In addition, it is determined that the issue is mostly studied on a theoretical level, whereas the issue of secularization, which concerns the field, remains weak in this respect. When the samples in the studies are examined, it can be said that the studies are not confined to a certain area, but when looked at from the perspective of the east and west of Turkey or small and large cities, it is revealed that the sample in the first part is weaker than the second part. In addition, although there are various paradigms related to secularization, it is understood that the perception and handling of the phenomenon of secularization in the vast majority of theses are shaped under the influence of the classical secularization paradigm. It is thought that this actually leads the field of secularization to a point and leads it towards a limitation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79064</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[179-196]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/163</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tefekkürün Manevi İyi Oluşla İlişkisi (Yetişkinler Üzerine Bir Araştırma)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Relationship of Contemplation with Spiritual Well-Being (Reserch on Adults)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Gülvade KÖROĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Saffet KARTOPU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Maneviyat psikolojisi, manevi iyi oluş, tefekkür, aşkınlık, anomi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of spirituality, spiritual well-being, contemplation, transcendence, anomie]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="HititBalk" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı, tefekk&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n manevi iyi oluş ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Tefekk&amp;uuml;r d&amp;uuml;zeyine g&amp;ouml;re manevi iyi oluş d&amp;uuml;zeyinde farklılaşma olup olmadığı temel problemimizi oluşturmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bu bağlamda, Ankara ilinde ikamet eden 18-65 yaş arası yetişkin bireylerden tesad&amp;uuml;fi y&amp;ouml;ntemle belirlenen &amp;ouml;rneklem grubunun tefekk&amp;uuml;r ve manevi iyi oluş d&amp;uuml;zeyleri belirlendikten sonra, tefekk&amp;uuml;r ile manevi iyi oluş ilişkisi ortaya konulmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. Araştırma, nicel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeline g&amp;ouml;re tasarlanmıştır. Verilerin toplanması aşamasında katılımcıların tefekk&amp;uuml;r ve manevi iyi oluş d&amp;uuml;zeylerini belirlemek amacıyla tefekk&amp;uuml;r &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği ve &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; fakt&amp;ouml;rl&amp;uuml; sprit&amp;uuml;el iyi oluş &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği ile katılımcıların sosyo demografik &amp;ouml;zelliklerini belirlemek i&amp;ccedil;in kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 22.0 istatistik paket programı kullanılmıştır. &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;ek puanlarının demografik değişkenlere g&amp;ouml;re karşılaştırılmasında Mann Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis H analizleri ile &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;ek puanlarının arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesinde Spearman Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna g&amp;ouml;re araştırmaya katılanların tefekk&amp;uuml;r d&amp;uuml;zeyleri ile manevi iyi oluşa ilişkin aşkınlık d&amp;uuml;zeyi arasında (r=,700; p&amp;lt;0,05) ve toplam manevi iyi oluş d&amp;uuml;zeyi arasında (r=,663; p&amp;lt;0,05) pozitif ve orta d&amp;uuml;zeyin &amp;uuml;zerinde anlamlı ilişki olduğu, tefekk&amp;uuml;r d&amp;uuml;zeyleri ile doğayla uyum d&amp;uuml;zeyi arasında (r=,571; p&amp;lt;0,05) pozitif ve orta d&amp;uuml;zeyde anlamlı ilişki olduğu, tefekk&amp;uuml;r d&amp;uuml;zeyleri ile anomi d&amp;uuml;zeyi arasında (r=-,382; p&amp;lt;0,05) negatif ve orta d&amp;uuml;zeyin altında anlamlı ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Buna g&amp;ouml;re tefekk&amp;uuml;r d&amp;uuml;zeyi arttık&amp;ccedil;a aşkınlık ve doğayla uyum d&amp;uuml;zeyi artmakta, anomi d&amp;uuml;zeyi ise azalmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;As it is known, the most important feature that distinguishes man from other beings is his ability to contemplate. Comprehension refers to a cognitive process in which knowledge is considered and understood in depth. In this process, the individual experiences a deep encounter with his or her own self, society, environment and God. The process of contemplation, which begins with one wanting to know oneself, ends with knowing the other, recognizing the environment, and ultimately, knowing God. The meaning, satisfaction and satisfaction that man derives from these fields, contemplating areas such as self, society, environment and God, constitute his spiritual well-being. Therefore, a relationship between contemplation and spiritual well-being emerges. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of contemplation with spiritual well-being. Whether there is differentiation at the level of spiritual well-being according to the level of contemplation constitutes our main problem. In this context, after the contemplation and spiritual well-being levels of the sample group determined by the incidental method from the adult individuals who reside in Ankara province between the ages of 18-65 years, contemplation and spiritual well-being were tried to be revealed. The research is designed according to the relational screening model from quantitative research methods. In order to determine the level of contemplation and spiritual well-being of the participants in the data collection phase, a contemplation scale and a three-factor spiritual well-being scale and a personal information form were used to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. In the analysis of the data, SPSS 22.0 statistical package program was used. In the comparison of scale scores by demographic variables, Spearman Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H analyses and scale scores. According to the results of the research, between the contemplation levels of the participants and the level of transcendence related to spiritual well-being (r=,700; p&amp;lt;0,05) and the total level of spiritual well-being (r=,663; p&amp;lt;0,05) is a positive and medium-level meaningful relationship, between contemplation levels and the level of harmony with nature (r=,571; p&amp;lt;0,05), in which there is a positive and medium-level meaningful relationship, it has been found that there is a significant relationship between contemplative levels and anomie level (r=-,382; p&amp;lt;0,05), below the negative and middle level.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Accordingly, as the level of transcendence and harmony with nature increases and the level of anomie decreases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79063</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[559-586]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/164</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kudüs veya Mescid-i Aksâ ile İlgili Ayetlerin Bağlamında Verilen Mesajlar Doğrultusunda İsrail İşgalinden Kurtulmanın İmkânı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Possibility of Liberation from Israeli Occupation through Messages in the Context of Verses Related to Jerusalem or Al-Aqsa Mosque]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdurrahim KIZILŞEKER ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Ayet, Mescid-i Aksâ, Kudüs, İsrail’in İşgalinden Kurtulma]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Verse, Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, Liberation from Occupation.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk50243642;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"&gt;Birinci D&amp;uuml;nya Savaşı sonrasında İngiltere&amp;rsquo;nin işgali altına giren Filistin topraklarında, 1948 yılında İsrail devleti kurulmuştur. Bu tarihten itibaren &amp;ouml;zellikle Kud&amp;uuml;s ve &amp;ccedil;evresinde M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların h&amp;acirc;kimiyetinde barış i&amp;ccedil;inde yaşayan semav&amp;icirc; din mensuplarının yaşadığı coğrafya, artık kan, katliam, tahribat ve g&amp;ouml;zyaşının eksik olmadığı bir yer h&amp;acirc;line gelmiştir. 7 Ekim 2023&amp;rsquo;te uzun s&amp;uuml;redir kuşatma altında yaşayan ve sistematik olarak katliama uğrayan Filistin halkının daha fazla tahamm&amp;uuml;l edememesi &amp;uuml;zerine İsl&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; Direniş Hareketi olan Hamas tarafından &amp;ldquo;Aks&amp;acirc; Tufanı&amp;rdquo; adıyla İsrail&amp;rsquo;e y&amp;ouml;nelik bir operasyon d&amp;uuml;zenlenmiştir. İsrail, bu operasyonu bahane ederek &amp;ccedil;ok daha b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir yıkıma imza atmış; on binlerce sivili şehit etmiş, kat kat fazlasını yaralamıştır. Uluslararası kurumlar ise bu insanlık dramına kayıtsız kalmıştır. Bu kriz karşısında d&amp;uuml;nyanın d&amp;ouml;rt bir yanındaki M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlar, &amp;uuml;zerlerine bomba yağan ve &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;me terkedilen kardeşleri i&amp;ccedil;in ne yapabileceklerini ve bu zul&amp;uuml;m girdabından &amp;ccedil;ıkış yollarını aramaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;de &amp;ouml;zellikle İsr&amp;acirc; S&amp;ucirc;resi başta olmak &amp;uuml;zere Kud&amp;uuml;s ve Mescid-i Aks&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;ya doğrudan ya da dolaylı bi&amp;ccedil;imde işaret eden ayetlerin ışığında İsrail işgalinden kurtuluşun yollarını ortaya koymaktır. Y&amp;ouml;ntem olarak ilgili ayetlerin bağlamsal ve tefsir&amp;icirc; tahlili yapılmakta, tarih&amp;icirc; ger&amp;ccedil;ekliklerle birlikte ele alınarak bug&amp;uuml;ne dair &amp;ccedil;ıkarımlar elde edilmektedir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın Yahudilerle ilgili verdiği bilgiler ve uyarılar dikkate alındığında; ink&amp;acirc;r, fısk, tekebb&amp;uuml;r, zul&amp;uuml;m ve ifsad gibi fiillerin İsrail&amp;rsquo;in sonunu getireceği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Buna karşılık M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların bu m&amp;uuml;barek topraklarda daima var olabilmeleri i&amp;ccedil;in istikamet &amp;uuml;zere olmaları, tevekk&amp;uuml;l etmeleri, sabırlı davranmaları, secde ve istiğfara sarılmaları, ş&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;r ehli olmaları, ihsan mertebesine ulaşmaları, zikir ve tesbihten ayrılmamaları, seyyid, has&amp;ucirc;r ve s&amp;acirc;lih kullar h&amp;acirc;line gelmeleri gerekmektedir. Nihayetinde İsrail işgalinin son bulması ancak M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların siyasi ittifaklar kurması ve gerektiğinde İsrail&amp;rsquo;e karşı fiziki g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; kullanmalarıyla m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n olacaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Following the First World War, the territory of Palestine came under British occupation, and in 1948, the state of Israel was established. Since that time, the region&amp;mdash;especially Jerusalem and its surroundings&amp;mdash;where followers of the Abrahamic religions once lived peacefully under Muslim rule, has become a land plagued by bloodshed, massacres, genocide, destruction, and tears. On October 7, 2023, after enduring a prolonged siege and systematic genocide, the Palestinian people could no longer bear the oppression. As a result, the Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas, launched an operation against Israel under the name &amp;ldquo;Al-Aqsa Flood.&amp;rdquo; Israel, using this operation and the hostages taken by Hamas as a pretext, carried out a far greater destruction, martyring tens of thousands of civilians and injuring many more. Unfortunately, international institutions remained indifferent to this humanitarian tragedy. In response to this deepening crisis, Muslims across the world are questioning what they can do for their brothers and sisters who are being bombed and left to die, and they are searching for ways to escape this spiral of oppression. The purpose of this article is to explore, in the light of the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān&amp;mdash;especially through the verses in Surah al-Isrā&amp;rsquo; that refer directly or indirectly to Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque&amp;mdash;the possible paths to liberation from the Israeli occupation. The method employed involves contextual and exegetical analysis of the relevant verses, interpreting them alongside historical realities to derive conclusions applicable to today&amp;rsquo;s circumstances. As a result, when the Qur&amp;rsquo;ān&amp;rsquo;s information and warnings regarding the Jews are taken into account, it becomes evident that actions such as disbelief (kufr), corruption (fisq), arrogance (takabbur), oppression (zulm), and spreading corruption (ifsād) will ultimately lead to Israel&amp;rsquo;s downfall. Conversely, for Muslims to continue to exist permanently in these sacred lands, they must remain steadfast upon the right path (istiqāmah), place their trust in God (tawakkul), practice patience (ṣabr), engage in prostration and seek forgiveness (sujūd and istighfār), be grateful (shukr), strive to reach the level of spiritual excellence (iḥsān), be devoted to remembrance and glorification of God (dhikr and tasbīḥ), and become among the ranks of the noble, chaste, and righteous servants (sayyid, ḥasūr, and ṣāliḥ). Ultimately, the end of Israel&amp;rsquo;s occupation will only be possible through the political unity of Muslims and, when necessary, the use of physical force against Israel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79048</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[541-558]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/165</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ümmî Sinân’ın Aşk Ekseninde Nasihat Anlayışı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Ummî Sinân's Understanding of Advice in the Axis of Love]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ömer DİLMEN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf, Nasihat, Ümmî Sinan, Dîvân, Aşk.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sufism, Advice, Ummî Sinan, Dīwān, Love.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;D&amp;uuml;nyaya belli sorumluluklarla gelen insan, iyilik ve k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;k yapma eğilimine sahip bir varlıktır. Unutan&lt;br&gt;bir varlık olması, ona iyilikleri ve k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;kleri hatırlatma ihtiyacını ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarmıştır. İşte insanın bu yapısından&lt;br&gt;dolayı onu iyiliğe y&amp;ouml;nlendirmek, k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;kten alıkoymak amacıyla edebiyatımızda nasihatname ve pendname&lt;br&gt;t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; pek &amp;ccedil;ok eser yazılmıştır. Bu eserler, insanları iyiye, g&amp;uuml;zele y&amp;ouml;nlendiren, k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;kten alıkoyan, onlarda&lt;br&gt;erdemli davranışların oluşmasına katkı sağlayacak bir i&amp;ccedil;eriğe sahiptir. T&amp;uuml;rk İslam edebiyatında nasihatn&amp;acirc;me,&lt;br&gt;pendn&amp;acirc;me şeklinde nasihat i&amp;ccedil;erikli pek &amp;ccedil;ok eser yazılmıştır. Nasihate dair m&amp;uuml;stakil eserlerin dışında yazılan&lt;br&gt;din&amp;icirc;-tasavvuf&amp;icirc; i&amp;ccedil;erikli eserlerde de konu ele alınmıştır. Toplumu iyiliğe y&amp;ouml;nlendirmek, k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;kten alıkoymak&lt;br&gt;amacı ile yazılan m&amp;uuml;stakil veya diğer eserlerin i&amp;ccedil;eriğinde yer alan nasihat konusu, yazanın bulunduğu ilm&amp;icirc; ve&lt;br&gt;manev&amp;icirc; ortamın etkisinin izlerini taşımaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada 17. y&amp;uuml;zyılın &amp;ouml;nemli mutasavvıflarından Niy&amp;acirc;z&amp;icirc;-i&lt;br&gt;Mısr&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin şeyhi &amp;Uuml;mm&amp;icirc; Sin&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın aşk ekseninde nasihat anlayışı D&amp;icirc;v&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ında yer alan şiirleri bağlamında ortaya konmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. &amp;Uuml;mm&amp;icirc; Sin&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın D&amp;icirc;v&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;daki şiirleri doğrudan veya dolaylı anlatımla aşk ve aşkla irtibatlı&lt;br&gt;konulardaki nasihat i&amp;ccedil;erikli olmaları y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; ile incelenmiştir. &amp;Uuml;mm&amp;icirc; Sin&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın aşk merkezli nasihat anlayışında&lt;br&gt;g&amp;uuml;ndelik hayata dair konulardan uzak, s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc; bir bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısı ile aşk başta olmak &amp;uuml;zere varlık-yokluk-benlikten&lt;br&gt;ge&amp;ccedil;mek, tevhid, kalp, d&amp;uuml;nya-m&amp;acirc;sivallah, z&amp;acirc;hid, irf&amp;acirc;n-&amp;acirc;rif-ilm-i led&amp;uuml;n, fen&amp;acirc;-bek&amp;acirc;, ins&amp;acirc;n-ı k&amp;acirc;mil-kem&amp;acirc;l&amp;acirc;t, zikir,&lt;br&gt;Hak yol-b&amp;acirc;tıl yol, Hakk&amp;rsquo;a dostluk-bağlılık, f&amp;acirc;il-i mutlak, akıl, şeriat-tarikat-marifet-hakikat konularına temas&lt;br&gt;ettiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Bu da bir s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;nin yaşadığı &amp;ccedil;ağın g&amp;uuml;ndelik hayatı i&amp;ccedil;inde kendini sınırlamadığı, her zaman&lt;br&gt;m&amp;acirc;nev&amp;icirc; gelişim i&amp;ccedil;in gerekli aşk gibi ana konuları değişmez g&amp;uuml;ndem yapması y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml; ile dikkate değer bir&lt;br&gt;durumdur.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Coming into the world with certain responsibilities, man is a being with the tendency to do good&lt;br&gt;and evil. The fact that he is a forgetful being has created the need to remind him of good and evil deeds. Because&lt;br&gt;of this nature of man, many works of advice and pendname have been written in our literature in order to guide&lt;br&gt;him to goodness and prevent him from evil. These works have a content that directs people to the good, the&lt;br&gt;beautiful, prevents them from evil, and contributes to the formation of virtuous behavior in them. Many works&lt;br&gt;of advice in the form of nasihatn&amp;acirc;me, pendn&amp;acirc;me were written in Turkish Islamic literature. Apart from detached&lt;br&gt;works on advice, the subject was also discussed in religious-sufic works. The subject of advice in the content&lt;br&gt;of detached or other works written with the aim of directing the society to goodness and preventing it from evil&lt;br&gt;bears the traces of the influence of the scientific and spiritual environment in which the writer was located. In&lt;br&gt;this study, &amp;Uuml;mm&amp;icirc; Sin&amp;acirc;n, the sheikh of Niy&amp;acirc;z&amp;icirc;-i Mısr&amp;icirc;, one of the important Sufis of the 17th century, has tried&lt;br&gt;to reveal his understanding of advice on the axis of love in the context of his poems in his D&amp;icirc;w&amp;acirc;n. &amp;Uuml;mm&amp;icirc; Sin&amp;acirc;n's&lt;br&gt;poems in D&amp;icirc;v&amp;acirc;n have been analyzed in terms of their direct or indirect expression of advice on love and loverelated subjects. In Ummī Sinān's love-centered understanding of advice, far from the issues of daily life, with&lt;br&gt;a Sufi perspective, love, especially love, existence-existence-passing through ego, tawhid, heart, worldmāsivallah, zāhid, It has been observed that he touches upon the subjects of irf&amp;acirc;n-&amp;acirc;rif-ilm-i led&amp;uuml;n, fen&amp;acirc;-bek&amp;acirc;,&lt;br&gt;human-k&amp;acirc;mil-kem&amp;acirc;l&amp;acirc;t, dhikr, the path of truth and the path of falsehood, friendship and devotion to the truth,&lt;br&gt;f&amp;acirc;il-i absolute, intellect, sharia-tar&amp;icirc;qat-marifat-truth. This is noteworthy in the sense that a Sufi does not limit&lt;br&gt;himself to the daily life of the age in which he lives, but always makes the main topics necessary for spiritual&lt;br&gt;development, such as love, a constant agenda.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79021</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[159-178]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/166</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Türkiye’de Hanefî Mezhebi ve Kurucu İmamları Hakkında Yapılmış Araştırma Makalelerinin Bibliyometrik Analizi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Bibliometric Analysis of Research Articles on the Hanafi School and Its Founding Imams in Turkey]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammet Ali ÇAĞLAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mustafa Serdar ÖZCAN  -Selim KARAKAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukuku, Fıkıh, Hanefî Mezhebi, Kurucu İmamlar, Bibliyometrik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Law, Fiqh, The Hanafi School, Founding Imams, Bibliometric]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de Hanef&amp;icirc; mezhebinin en &amp;ccedil;ok m&amp;uuml;ntesibi olan fıkhi mezhep olduğu dikkate alındığında, bu mezhebin konumu ve T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de Hanef&amp;icirc; mezhebi &amp;uuml;zerine yapılan &amp;ccedil;alışmaların incelenmesi araştırılmaya değer bir konudur. T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de bug&amp;uuml;ne kadar Hanefi mezhebi ile ilgili pek &amp;ccedil;ok &amp;ccedil;alışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen yapılan &amp;ccedil;alışmaların sayısal verilerini sunan bibliyometrik bir &amp;ccedil;alışma tespit edilebildiği kadarıyla kaleme alınmamıştır. Bu alandaki eksikliğin biraz olsun giderilmesi amacıyla T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de Dergi Park ve İSAM İlahiyat makaleleri veri tabanında kataloglanan dergilerde yayımlanan araştırma makalelerinin bibliyometrik analizi bu &amp;ccedil;alışmaya konu edilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, Hanef&amp;icirc; mezhebi ve kurucu imamları hakkında yapılan araştırmaların nicel istatistiklerini sunmakta ve T&amp;uuml;rkiye'de yayımlanan araştırma makaleleri &amp;uuml;zerinden belirli sonu&amp;ccedil;lara ulaşmaktadır. Dil, yazar, konu, dergi ve yıl bazlı 697 araştırma makalesine ait sayısal bulgular okuyuculara sunulmuştur. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada, yayınların b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ccedil;oğunluğunun T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e yazıldığı ve &amp;ccedil;eviri eserlerin olduk&amp;ccedil;a az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, &amp;ccedil;alışmaların 1/7'sinin 16 yazar tarafından kaleme alındığı ve ortak yazarlı &amp;ccedil;alışmaların olduk&amp;ccedil;a az olduğu, makalelerin yaklaşık 3/4'&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n fıkıh alanında yazıldığı ve en fazla &amp;ccedil;alışmanın fıkıh usul&amp;uuml; alanında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Fıkıh alt dalları arasında muamelata dair &amp;ccedil;alışmalar en y&amp;uuml;ksek orana sahiptir. Ayrıca, en &amp;ccedil;ok makalenin İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi&amp;rsquo;nde yayımlandığı ve imamlar hakkında yapılan &amp;ccedil;alışmalarda Eb&amp;ucirc; Han&amp;icirc;fe&amp;rsquo;ye dair &amp;ccedil;alışmaların ilk sırada olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Bunlar, &amp;ccedil;alışmanın en dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekici sonu&amp;ccedil;ları arasında sayılabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Given that the Hanafi school of thought has the largest number of adherents in Turkey, examining its position and the studies conducted on the Hanafi school in Turkey is a topic worth exploring. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the Hanafi school in Turkey to date, as far as can be determined, no bibliometric study providing quantitative data on these works has been written. In order to address this gap to some extent, this study focuses on the bibliometric analysis of research articles published in journals cataloged in the Dergi Park and ISAM Theology Articles databases in Turkey. The study, which provides quantitative statistics on research conducted about the Hanafi school and its founding imams, presents certain conclusions based on research articles published in Turkey. Numerical findings related to language, authorship, topics, journals, and publication years of 697 identified research articles are presented to readers. The study reveals that the vast majority of the publications are written in Turkish, with very few translations. Additionally, 1/7th of the works are authored by 16 individuals, with very few collaborative studies. Approximately 3/4 of the articles are written in the field of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), with the highest number of studies in the field of usul al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence). Among the subfields of fiqh, studies on muamalat (transactions) have the highest proportion. Furthermore, it is noted that the majority of articles were published in the "Journal of Islamic Law Studies" and in studies concerning the imams, works on Abu Hanifa rank first. These are among the most striking results of the study.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79007</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[307-328]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/167</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Abay Kunanbay’ın İnsan, Toplum ve Ahlâk Üzerine Düşünceleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Abay Kunanbay's Thoughts On The Human, Society and Morality]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Fatih KALIN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, Abay Kunanbay, insan, ahlâk, toplum, kültür.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, Abay Kunanbay, human, morality, society, culture.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;Abay, erken &amp;ccedil;ocukluk d&amp;ouml;neminden itibaren i&amp;ccedil;inde yaşadığı Kazak toplumunun g&amp;uuml;ndelik hayatının siyasi, sosyal, tarihi ve ekonomik alanlarındaki değişimlere aktif olarak katılmış bir d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;r. Abay&amp;rsquo;ın yaşadığı zor d&amp;ouml;nemler g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne alındığında, toplumun i&amp;ccedil;inden ge&amp;ccedil;tiği &amp;ccedil;alkantılı s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerin &amp;uuml;stesinden gelmeye &amp;ccedil;alıştığını s&amp;ouml;ylemek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. Zenginlik, ş&amp;ouml;hret ve itibar gibi pek &amp;ccedil;ok d&amp;uuml;nyevi değere sahip olmasına rağmen, i&amp;ccedil;inde bulunduğu kaygılı durumun kendi &amp;ccedil;ıkarlarından değil, &amp;uuml;lkesinin ve halkının i&amp;ccedil;inde bulunduğu durumdan kaynaklandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bilge Abay&amp;rsquo;ın &amp;ccedil;eşitli konuları ve yeni fikirleri incelemesinde d&amp;ouml;neminin diğer m&amp;uuml;tefekkirlerinden ayrılmasında &amp;ccedil;ocukluğundan itibaren Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;ı incelemesi gelmektedir. Ayrıca &amp;ccedil;ocukluktan itibaren devlet y&amp;ouml;netimi siyasetine ilgi duyması da bir etkendir. &amp;Ccedil;ocuk yaşta başlayan devlet y&amp;ouml;netimi Abay&amp;rsquo;ın halkı yakından tanımasına yol a&amp;ccedil;mıştır. Halkın t&amp;uuml;m &amp;ouml;rf ve adetlerini, yaşanmış iyi ve k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml; olayları kendi g&amp;ouml;zleriyle g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;ş ve bu sayede halkını d&amp;uuml;zeltmek i&amp;ccedil;in erken yaşta &amp;ccedil;alışmaya başlamıştır. Modern Kazak d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinde ilk realist yazar olarak da kabul edilen Abay, edebiyatı halkı eğitmek i&amp;ccedil;in bir ara&amp;ccedil; olarak kullanmıştır. İnsan ve doğa sevgisini, bilimsel ilerlemeyi, Kazak T&amp;uuml;rklerinin gelenek ve g&amp;ouml;reneklerini konu alan şiirleri, bozkır hayatından yerleşik hayata ge&amp;ccedil;işte bir k&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml; vazifesi g&amp;ouml;rm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Kazakistan&amp;rsquo;ın sosyolojisi ve dil yapısı &amp;uuml;zerine bir&amp;ccedil;ok bilimsel araştırma yapan Abay, adalet, insanlık, sanat ve bilim i&amp;ccedil;in m&amp;uuml;cadele etmiştir. Onu halkın g&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;nde değerli kılan en &amp;ouml;nemli &amp;ouml;zelliklerinden biri de Kazak halkına rehberlik yapmasıdır. O, halkı d&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;st olmaya, &amp;ccedil;alışmaya, ger&amp;ccedil;ekleri araştırmaya, evrensel insanlık ideallerini ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirmeye &amp;ccedil;ağırmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"&gt;Abay is a thinker who, from early childhood, actively participated in the changes in the political, social, historical and economic spheres of the daily life of the Kazakh society in which he lived. Considering the difficult periods in which Abay lived, it is possible to say that he tried to overcome the turbulent processes through which society was going through. Despite the fact that he possessed many worldly values such as wealth, fame and reputation, it is understood that his anxious situation was caused not by his own interests, but by the situation of his country and people. Bilge Abay differs from other thinkers of his time in his study of various topics and new ideas in that he studied the Qur'an from childhood. In addition, his interest in the politics of state administration from childhood is also a factor. The state administration, which began at a young age, led to Abay's close acquaintance with the people. He saw with his own eyes all the customs and traditions of the people, the good and bad events that had happened, and thus began to work at an early age to correct his people. Abay, who is also considered the first realist writer in modern Kazakh thought, used literature as a tool for educating the people. His poems about the love of man and nature, scientific progress, traditions and customs of the Kazakh Turks served as a bridge from steppe life to settled life. Abay, who conducted many scientific researches on the sociology and language structure of Kazakhstan, fought for justice, humanity, art and science. One of the most important features that made him valuable in the eyes of the people is that he guided the Kazakh people. He called on the people to be honest, to work, to search for the truth, to realize the ideals of universal humanity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=79004</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[83-96]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/168</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arapçanın Kendisini Yenilemesi, Genişletmesi ve Evrensel Bir Dile Dönüştürmesini Sağlayan Genel Bazı Özellikleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Some General Features of Arabic That Allow It to Renew, Expand and Transform Itself into a Universal Language]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Halis DEDE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Belagati, Arapça, Arapçanın Özellikleri, Dil, Kelime Dağarcığı.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Arabic, Features of Arabic, Language, Vocabulary.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Arap&amp;ccedil;a, doğal yapısıyla zamana ayak uyduran, gelişme ve değişmelere karşı dayanıklı, kendini ve varlıkları ifade edebilme yeteneğine sahip evrensel bir dildir. Bu vasıflandırılanların &amp;ouml;tesinde o, Allah Te&amp;acirc;l&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;nın ebedi mesajının dili, Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in (s.a.v.) tertemiz s&amp;uuml;nnetinin taşıyıcısı, ilim yolunda bir &amp;ouml;ğretmen ve dini anlamanın anahtarı olan bir dildir. Bedevi Arapların elinde m&amp;uuml;kemmellik noktasına ulaşmış, kelime dağarcığının zenginliği ve doğruluğu bakımından diğer dilleri geride bırakmıştır. Milyonlarca kişinin resmi ve din dili olarak kullanılıp konuşulduğu canlı, akıcı ve etkileyici bir işleve sahiptir. Arap&amp;ccedil;a, fonetik, sarf, nahiv ve belagat gibi alanlarda pek &amp;ccedil;ok eşsiz &amp;ouml;zelliği vardır. O, İslam diniyle irtibatlı olup ilahi koruma altında ve şahitliğin tam manasıyla kendisiyle oluşabildiği yeg&amp;acirc;ne bir dildir. Yine kelime &amp;ccedil;okluğu a&amp;ccedil;ısından dillerin en zengini olup iştikak ve tevlid mekanizmasına sahip olarak t&amp;uuml;retmeye elverişli bir yapıya sahiptir. Aynı zamanda o,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;k yapısı noktasında mutedil &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de olup somut-soyut kavramları kullanabilme kolaylığına ve kelimelerin farklı anlamlara &amp;ccedil;ekilebilme esnekliğine de sahiptir. Bunların yanı sıra zek&amp;acirc; ve davranışlar &amp;uuml;zerinde etkili olup aruz &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;ne, iʻrab olgusuna, fonetik ve g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;nt&amp;uuml; dili olma &amp;ouml;zelliğine sahip olup mantık kurallarına uygun ve akli delilleri en &amp;ccedil;ok kullanan beynelmilel bir dildir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada Arap&amp;ccedil;anın, kendisine has genel bazı &amp;ouml;zellikleri, diğer diller i&amp;ccedil;erisinde onu ayrıcalıklı bir konuma getiren nitelikleri ele alınmış ve tanıtılmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. Memleketimizde burada ele alınan &amp;ouml;zellikleri işlemiş herhangi bir &amp;ccedil;alışmanın olmayışı, bu makalenin hazırlanmasına vesile olmuştur. &amp;Ccedil;alışma Arap&amp;ccedil;anın s&amp;ouml;z konusu genel bazı vasıflarını olabildiğince tanıtmayı ve okurun merakını uyandırıp Arap&amp;ccedil;aya karşı bir iştiyakı, &amp;ouml;ğrenimi ve y&amp;ouml;nelimi meydana getirmeyi hedeflemektir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Arabic is a universal language that keeps up with time with its natural structure, is resistant to development and change, and has the ability to express itself and beings. Beyond these qualifications, it is the language of the eternal message of Allah Almighty, the carrier of the pure Sunnah of the Prophet (pbuh), a teacher on the path of knowledge, and a language that is the key to understanding religion. It reached perfection in the hands of Bedouin Arabs, leaving other languages behind in terms of the richness and accuracy of its vocabulary. It has a lively, fluent, and impressive function, used and spoken by millions of people as the official and religious language. Arabic has many unique features in areas such as phonetics, grammar, grammar, and rhetoric. It is related to the religion of Islam, is under divine protection, and is the only language with which witnessing can be fully formed. It is also the richest of languages in terms of vocabulary and has a structure that is suitable for derivation by possessing the mechanism of teqtiq and tevlid. At the same time, it is moderate in terms of word structure and has the ease of using concrete and abstract concepts and the flexibility of words to be drawn to different meanings. In addition to these, it is an international language that is effective on intelligence and behaviors, has the aruz meter, the phenomenon of i'rab, the feature of being a phonetic and visual language, and is in accordance with the rules of logic and uses rational evidence the most. In this study, some general characteristics of Arabic, the qualities that give it a privileged position among other languages, are discussed and tried to be introduced. The absence of any study in our country that has dealt with the characteristics discussed here has been the reason for the preparation of this article. The study aims to introduce some of the general characteristics of Arabic as much as possible and to arouse the curiosity of the reader and create a desire, learning and orientation towards Arabic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78957</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[47-62]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/169</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Abdurrahmân eş-Şarkâvînin Romanlarında Ekonomik Problemlerin Analizi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Analysis of Economic Issues in Abdurrahman al-Sharqawis Novels]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hasan HARMANCI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı, Mısır Romanı, Abdurrahman eş-Şarkâvî, Sosyal Problemler, Ekonomi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Literature, Egyptian Novel, Abdurrahman al-Sharqawi, Social Problems, Economy.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, son d&amp;ouml;nem modern Arap edebiyatının &amp;ouml;nde gelen isimlerinden olan Abdurrahm&amp;acirc;n eş-Şark&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;nin romanlarında ekonomik problemlerin tahlilini incelemektedir. eş-Şark&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;, 1920 yılında d&amp;uuml;nyaya gelmiş ve Mısır&amp;rsquo;ın maruz kaldığı İngiliz işgaline, toplumun yaşadığı değişim ve sancılara &amp;ccedil;ocukluğundan itibaren şahitlik etmiştir. eş-Şark&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;, Mısır&amp;rsquo;ın m&amp;uuml;cadelesinin yanı sıra, k&amp;ouml;yden kente g&amp;ouml;&amp;ccedil;, sanayileşme, geleneksel &amp;uuml;retim bi&amp;ccedil;iminden modern &amp;uuml;retim bi&amp;ccedil;imlerine ge&amp;ccedil;iş ve toplumsal yozlaşma gibi konuları eserlerinde işlemiştir. Tarihi ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel a&amp;ccedil;ıdan &amp;ouml;neminin yanı sıra jeopolitik olarak Mısır m&amp;uuml;stakil bir değeri haizdir. &amp;Uuml;lkenin iki kıta arasında k&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml; konumunda bulunması; bu &amp;ouml;nem sebebiyle yaşanan bireysel ve toplumsal sorunlar, eş-Şark&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc; tarafından eserlerine konu edilmiştir. XIX. y&amp;uuml;zyılda Mısırın Osmanlı Devletinden kopması, yine bu coğrafyada hemen hemen her alanda yaşanan gerileme, XX. y&amp;uuml;zyılda patlak veren iki b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k d&amp;uuml;nya savaşı &amp;uuml;lkenin karşısına &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;lmesi gereken pek &amp;ccedil;ok mesele &amp;ccedil;ıkarmıştır. Bir diğer taraftan sanayi devrimi sonucu geleneksel &amp;uuml;retim bi&amp;ccedil;iminin değişmesi, tarım toplumundan sanayi toplumuna ge&amp;ccedil;iş; bunun sonucunda k&amp;ouml;y n&amp;uuml;fusunun şehirlere doğru giderek artan bir hızla akmasına sebep olmuş ve bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil; iktisat alanında da kendini somut bir şekilde g&amp;ouml;stermiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada Abdurrahm&amp;acirc;n eş-Şark&amp;acirc;v&amp;icirc;nin d&amp;ouml;rt romanındaki (el-Arz, Kul&amp;ucirc;b H&amp;acirc;liye, eş-Şev&amp;acirc;riul-Halfiyye, el-Fell&amp;acirc;h) ekonomik meseleler edebiyatın yanı sıra tarih ve sosyoloji gibi alanlar vasıtasıyla interdisipliner bir &amp;ccedil;izgide ele alınmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılacaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;This study examines the analysis of economic problems in the novels of Abdurrahman al-Sharqawi, one of the leading names in recent modern Arabic literature. Al-Sharqawi was born in 1920 and has mentioned the British occupation that Egypt was subjected to, the changes and pains experienced by the society from his childhood. In addition to Egypts struggle, al-Sharqawi also dealt with problems such as migration from village to city, industrialization, the transition from the beginning of traditional production to modern production methods and social degeneration. At this point, the strategic importance of the schemas belonging to the geography to which Abdurrahman al-Sharqawi belonged and the time period in which he lived emerges. In addition to the historical and cultural shrinkage, Egypt has an independent value geopolitically. It is in the position of a bridge between the two continents of the country; Individual and social problems resulting in this importance were the subject of al-Sharqawis works. The breakaway of Egypt from the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, the regression experienced in almost every field in this geography, and the two major world wars that broke out in the 20th century have brought many issues to the forefront of the country. As a result of another economic revolution, the transition of the traditional mode of production from the agricultural society to the industrial society; as a result, it caused the village to flow towards the cities at an increasing speed and this process has also shown itself in the field of Economics. The economic economies in the four novels of this influential Abdurrahm&amp;acirc;n al-Sharqawi (al-Arz, Kul&amp;ucirc;b H&amp;acirc;liye, al-Şev&amp;acirc;riul-Halfiyye, al-Fell&amp;acirc;h) will be tried to be addressed in an interdisciplinary line such as history and areas of use as well as literature. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78935</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 4[503-518]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/170</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ca‘fer b. Ebî Tâlib’in, “Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) Bizlere Şunları Emrediyor, Şunları Yasaklıyordu” Rivayeti Perspektifinde Mekke’de Stratejik Değişim ve Dönüşümler]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Strategic Changes and Transformations Mecca in the Perspective of Ja'far b. Abi Talib's Narration: The Prophet (pbuh) used to command us this and forbid us that]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nizamettin ÇELİK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Risâlet, Mekke Gündemi, Tevhîd, Ahlakî Değerler, Stratejik Değişim.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Prophethood, Meccan agenda, Monotheism, Moral values, Strategic Change.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;İnsanlık tarihi s&amp;uuml;recinde toplumları doğruluğa, hakkaniyet ve istikamete y&amp;ouml;nlendirmede peygamberlerin &amp;ouml;nemli bir rol&amp;uuml; olmuştur. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) de Mekke toplumunu; tevh&amp;icirc;d inancı, iyilik, doğruluk ve erdemlilik gibi ahlak&amp;icirc; değerlerle yeniden tanıştırarak Mekke&amp;rsquo;de b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir stratejik değişim ve d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m yaşatmıştır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada ris&amp;acirc;letin 5. yılında M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml; Ca&amp;lsquo;fer b. Eb&amp;icirc; T&amp;acirc;lib&amp;rsquo;in (&amp;ouml;. 8/629) Habeşistan&amp;rsquo;da h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mdarın huzurunda peygamberliğin beş yılını &amp;ouml;zetler mahiyette yaptığı veciz diplomatik konuşma &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in Mekke toplumunda oluşturduğu stratejik değişimlerin izlerini s&amp;uuml;rmeye &amp;ccedil;alışacağız. S&amp;ouml;z konusu riv&amp;acirc;yette ilkeli insan, ilkeli toplum oluşturmanın ilk imar s&amp;uuml;recinin; inan&amp;ccedil; sistemi, doğruluk, g&amp;uuml;venirlik, ahde vef&amp;acirc;, en yakınlarından başlayarak h&amp;uuml;sn&amp;uuml; civar, yardımlaşma ve dayanışma, toplumda zayıf ve kimsesizleri koruma şeklindeki ilkeler &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu suretle Mekke D&amp;ouml;nemi&amp;rsquo;nde bireysel inşaya dair kişilik inşası ve &amp;ccedil;ekirdek kadro oluşturma stratejisi takip edilirken toplumsal inşa boyutunda ise tevhid, namaz, insani ve ahlaki değerlerin toplumsal zemini oluşturulmuştur. Diğer taraftan Mekke y&amp;ouml;netiminin yaptığı propaganda, uyguladığı baskı ve şiddete rağmen gen&amp;ccedil; ve g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir kadro olan ilk M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların Mekke y&amp;ouml;neticilerine karşı fiili bir m&amp;uuml;cadele yoluna başvurmadıkları g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Mekke&amp;rsquo;de sah&amp;acirc;beye uygulanan bu fiili şiddete rağmen Hz. Peygamber, i&amp;ccedil; i&amp;ccedil;e oldukları sosyal ve siyasi stat&amp;uuml;koya karşı fiili bir m&amp;uuml;cadeleye izin vermemiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada rivayetin tahlili ve kritiği yapılarak peygamberliğin beşinci yılında ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşen Habeşistan&amp;rsquo;a hicret, Mekke y&amp;ouml;netiminin diplomatik girişimleri ve Ca&amp;lsquo;fer&amp;rsquo;in diplomatik bir &amp;uuml;slupla dile getirdiği hakikatler &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in bireysel ve toplumsal inşaya dair ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirdiği değişim ve d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mlerin derin analizi yapılmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılacaktır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada ayrıca Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in m&amp;uuml;minlerin g&amp;uuml;venliğini sağlamaya dair izlediği strateji &amp;uuml;zerine odaklanacak ve cahiliye toplumuyla birlikte yaşama k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; irdelenecektir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Throughout human history, prophets have played an important role in guiding societies towards truth, righteousness and direction. The Prophet (s.a.s.) also brought about a great strategic change and transformation in Mecca by reintroducing the Meccan society to moral values such as the belief in tawheed, goodness, righteousness and virtue. In this study, we will try to trace the traces of the strategic changes that the Prophet (pbuh) brought about in the Meccan society within the framework of the laconic diplomatic speech made by the spokesperson of the Muslims, Ja'far b. Abī Thālib (d. 8/629), in the fifth year of the prophethood, in the presence of the ruler in Abyssinia, summarizing the five years of the prophethood. In the narration in question, it is understood that the first reconstruction process of creating a principled person and a principled society was realized within the framework of principles such as belief system, truthfulness, trustworthiness, loyalty to covenant, good behavior starting from the closest ones, cooperation and solidarity, and protection of the weak and orphans in society. In this way, in the Makkan period, the strategy of personality construction and the formation of a core cadre was followed in terms of individual construction, while in the dimension of social construction, the social ground of tawhid, prayer, humanitarian and moral values was formed. On the other hand, it is seen that the first Muslims, who were a young and strong cadre, did not resort to an actual struggle against the rulers of Mecca despite the propaganda, oppression and violence of the Meccan administration. Despite this actual violence against the Companions in Mecca, the Prophet did not allow an actual struggle against the social and political status quo in which they were intertwined. The study will analyze and critique the narration and try to make a deep analysis of the changes and transformations that the Prophet realized regarding individual and social construction within the framework of the emigration to Abyssinia in the fifth year of the prophethood, the diplomatic initiatives of the Meccan administration and the truths expressed by Ja'far in a diplomatic style. The study will also focus on the Prophet's strategy to ensure the safety of the believers and the culture of coexistence with the ignorant society.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78924</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[13-28]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/171</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İnanç mı Yoksa Delüzyon mu? Psikopatolojide Dini Delüzyonlar ve Din İlişkisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Faith or Delusion? The Relationship Betweeen Religious Delusions and Religion in Psychopathology]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Turgay ŞİRİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Psikopatoloji, Delüzyon, Din, Ruh Sağlığı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Psychopathology, Delusion, Religion, Mental Health]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Din ve psikopatoloji ilişkisi, her zaman &amp;ouml;nemli bir konu olmuştur. Bu durum del&amp;uuml;zyonlar s&amp;ouml;z konusu olduğunda daha da &amp;ouml;nemli bir hal almaktadır. Nitekim inan&amp;ccedil; ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r, del&amp;uuml;zyonel hastalıkların etyolojisinden prevelansına ve prognozuna dek pek &amp;ccedil;ok alanda etkili sayılmaktadır. Bu makale, psikopatoloji ve din ilişişi bağlamında, del&amp;uuml;zyonların &amp;ouml;zel bir t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; olan dini del&amp;uuml;zyonların psikopatolojisini incelemeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Literat&amp;uuml;r taraması modeli kullanılan araştırma kapsamında İngilizce literat&amp;uuml;rde 1950 ile 2024 yılları arasında yayınlanmış olan &amp;ccedil;alışmalardan &amp;ldquo;religious delusion&amp;rdquo; etiketiyle tarama yapılmıtır. Aynı şekilde T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e literat&amp;uuml;r de taranmış &amp;ldquo;dini del&amp;uuml;zyon, dini sanrı, dinsel sanrı, dini hezeyan&amp;rdquo; gibi kelimeleri barındıran &amp;ccedil;alışmalar incelenmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada temel olarak dini del&amp;uuml;zyonların etyolojisi, farklı k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rlerde ve T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;deki prevelansı araştırılmış, dini inan&amp;ccedil; ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n dini del&amp;uuml;zyonla ilişkisi irdelenmiştir. Araştırma sonu&amp;ccedil;ları, g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde &amp;ouml;zellikle yabancı literat&amp;uuml;rde zamanla daha fazla araştırmacının klinisyenler i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ouml;nemi nedeniyle, dini del&amp;uuml;zyonların dinle ilişkisini ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel değişkenliğini anlamaya &amp;ccedil;alıştığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Ancak T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e alanyazında dini del&amp;uuml;zyonlarla ilgili neredeyse yok denecek kadar az sayıda &amp;ccedil;alışma olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Alanyazında giderek artan bu bilgi birikimi, psikiyatrik tanı, değerlendirme ve tedavide dinin potansiyel olarak yapıcı ve yıkıcı rollerine daha fazla dikkat edilmesi gerektiğinin altını &amp;ccedil;izmektedir. Yine dini del&amp;uuml;zyonların sağlık inan&amp;ccedil; modellerini etkileyebileceği, bununla birlikte dini i&amp;ccedil;erikli del&amp;uuml;zyonların k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml; bir prognozla ilişkisi olduğunu ifade eden &amp;ccedil;alışmalar yanında olumlu dini başa&amp;ccedil;ıkmanın iyi sonu&amp;ccedil;lar verdiğini raporlayan &amp;ccedil;alışmalara da rastlanmaktadır. Dini del&amp;uuml;zyonlarda genetik ve beyin ile ilgili fakt&amp;ouml;rler yanında din ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n de etkisi olduğu literat&amp;uuml;rden anlaşılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda mental sorunlara yaklaşımda, insanların i&amp;ccedil;inde bulundukları k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r ve sahip oldukları inancı g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde bulundurmak ve tedaviye d&amp;acirc;hil etmenin etkili olacağı anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak dini del&amp;uuml;zyonlarla ilgili nicel ve nitel daha fazla araştırma yapılması ihtiyacı da anlaşılmaktadır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak geleceğin klinisyenlerine, hastalarının dini ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel altyapılarını keşfetmeleri i&amp;ccedil;in ne kadar şey &amp;ouml;ğretildiğinin psikolojinin geleceğini etkileyebileceği s&amp;ouml;ylenebilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The relationship between religion and psychopathology has always been an important issue. This becomes even more important when it comes to delusions. Indeed, faith and culture are thought to be influential in many areas, from the etiology to the prevalence and prognosis of delusional disorders. The purpose of this article is to examine the psychopathology of religious delusions, a specific type of delusion, in the context of the relationship between psychopathology and religion. Within the scope of the research using the literature review model, the studies published in the English literature between 1950 and 2024 with the label "religious delusion" were searched. Similarly, the Turkish literature was also searched and studies containing words such as "religious delusion, religious delusion, religious delusion, religious delusion, religious delusion" were examined. The results of the study show that more and more researchers, especially in the english literature, are trying to understand the relationship of religious delusions with religion and their cultural variability due to their importance for clinicians. However, it has been observed that there are almost no studies on religious delusions in the Turkish literature. This growing body of knowledge underscores the need to pay more attention to the potentially constructive and destructive roles of religion in psychiatric diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. From the literature, it is understood that religion and culture have an impact on religious delusions in addition to genetic and brain-related factors. In this direction, it is understood that in approaching mental problems, it would be effective to take into account the culture and beliefs that people have and include them in the treatment. However, the need for more quantitative and qualitative research on religious delusions is also understood. In conclusion, how much future clinicians are taught to explore the religious and cultural backgrounds of their patients may affect the future of psychology.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78875</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 4[597-619]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/172</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hakkında Âyet İnen Müslümanların İnen Âyet(ler)e Yönelik Tutumları (Vâhidî’nin Esbâbü Nüzûli’l-Kur’ân’ı Bağlamında)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Attitudes of Muslims about Whom Verse(s) Were Revealed Toward the Revealed Verse(s) (In the Context of al-Wahidī's Asbāb al-Nuzūl al-Qur'ān)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nurdoğan TÜRK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Âyet, Nüzûl, Müslümanlar, Tutum, Vâhidî, Esbâbü nüzûli’l-Kur’ân.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsîr, Verse, el-Nuzūl, Muslims, Attitude, al-Wahidī, Asbāb al-nuzūl al-Qur'ān.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Vahyin canlı tanıkları olan ilk M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların, &amp;acirc;yetlerin inişi sırasında veya sonrasında sergiledikleri bireysel ya da topluluk temelli tavırları ve s&amp;ouml;ylemleri, vahye nasıl tepki verdiklerini g&amp;ouml;stermesi a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. Nitekim onlar, inen vahye hayranlık uyandıran bir bağlılık ve teslimiyet &amp;ouml;rneği ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu y&amp;uuml;zden Hz. Peygamber (s.a.v.), ash&amp;acirc;bını g&amp;ouml;kteki yıldızlara benzeterek onları &amp;ouml;vm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Bu makalede, V&amp;acirc;hid&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin (&amp;ouml;l. 468/1076) &lt;em&gt;Esb&amp;acirc;b&amp;uuml; n&amp;uuml;z&amp;ucirc;li&amp;rsquo;l-Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;ı &amp;ouml;zelinde istatistiksel bir araştırı ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. Buna g&amp;ouml;re &amp;ccedil;alışma, zikri ge&amp;ccedil;en kitapla ve haklarında &amp;acirc;yet inen S&amp;acirc;bit b. Kays b. Şemm&amp;acirc;s (&amp;ouml;l. 12/633), Eb&amp;ucirc; Bekr es-Sıdd&amp;icirc;k (&amp;ouml;l. 13/634), Hiş&amp;acirc;m b. el-&amp;Acirc;s b. V&amp;acirc;il (&amp;ouml;l. 13/634), &amp;Ouml;mer b. el-Hatt&amp;acirc;b (&amp;ouml;l. 23/644), Al&amp;icirc; b. Eb&amp;icirc; T&amp;acirc;lib (&amp;ouml;l. 40/661), Abdull&amp;acirc;h b. Sel&amp;acirc;m (&amp;ouml;l. 43/663-64), Eb&amp;ucirc; Eyy&amp;ucirc;b el-Ens&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;l. 49/669), Huveytıb b. Abdiluzz&amp;acirc; (&amp;ouml;l. 54/674 [?]), &amp;Acirc;işe (&amp;ouml;l. 58/678), Ma&amp;lsquo;kıl b. Yes&amp;acirc;r (&amp;ouml;l. 59/679 [?]), Kuteyle bint Abdiluzz&amp;acirc; (&amp;ouml;l.?), Esm&amp;acirc; bint Eb&amp;icirc; Bekir (&amp;ouml;l. 73/692), Havle bint Sa&amp;rsquo;lebe (&amp;ouml;l.?), Evs b. S&amp;acirc;mit (&amp;ouml;l.?) ve Gataf&amp;acirc;n kabilesinden bir adam olmak &amp;uuml;zere toplam on beş kişinin &amp;acirc;yetler indikten sonraki tutumlarıyla sınırlandırılmıştır. Zira V&amp;acirc;hid&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin s&amp;ouml;z konusu eserinde zikredilen sekiz y&amp;uuml;z seksen &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; rivayette, sadece bu on beş kişinin tutumları yer almaktadır. Bu meyanda &amp;ccedil;alışmada verilen kişi ve topluluk bazlı istatistik tablolarının sunulmasındaki ama&amp;ccedil;, &amp;ccedil;alışmanın neden on beş kişi ile sınırlandırıldığını gerek&amp;ccedil;elendirmektir. Konunun daha iyi anlaşılması i&amp;ccedil;in M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların &amp;acirc;yetler nazil olduktan sonraki topluluk bazlı tutumları ayrıca ele alınmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, &amp;ouml;ncelikle anılan on beş kişinin &amp;acirc;yetler nazil olduktan sonraki bireysel tavırlarına, sonra M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların &amp;acirc;yetlerin inişinden sonraki topluluk temelli davranışlarına değinilmiştir. B&amp;ouml;ylece konu, b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l bir perspektifle ortaya konmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; itibariyle s&amp;ouml;z konusu eserdeki toplam sekiz y&amp;uuml;z seksen &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; rivayet &amp;ouml;zelinde; hakkında &amp;acirc;yet inen M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların toplam sayısı, y&amp;uuml;z altmış d&amp;ouml;rt olup yirmi beşi kadın, y&amp;uuml;z otuz dokuzu erkektir. Ayrıca aralarında adı zikredilmeyen kişiler de bulunmaktadır. Kişi bazlı istatistiğe g&amp;ouml;re bu rivayetlerde bizzat ismi ge&amp;ccedil;en ya da adı s&amp;ouml;ylenmeyen M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlar hakkında inen &amp;acirc;yet sayısı, &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; y&amp;uuml;z altmış dokuz; topluluk bazlı istatistiğe g&amp;ouml;re topluluk olarak zikredilen M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manlar hakkında nazil olan &amp;acirc;yetlerin sayısı ise kırk birdir. Buna g&amp;ouml;re inen toplam &amp;acirc;yet sayısı, d&amp;ouml;rt y&amp;uuml;z ondur. Kişi bazlı inen toplam iki y&amp;uuml;z on altı &amp;acirc;yetin, Mekk&amp;icirc; s&amp;ucirc;relere nazaran &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;te ikisinin Meden&amp;icirc; s&amp;ucirc;relerde bulunduğu ve topluluk bazlı nazil olan otuz dokuz &amp;acirc;yet i&amp;ccedil;in biri dışında t&amp;uuml;m &amp;acirc;yetlerin Meden&amp;icirc; s&amp;ucirc;relerde ge&amp;ccedil;tiği s&amp;ouml;ylenebilir. Başkaca hakkında &amp;acirc;yet inen M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;manların bireysel ve topluluk bazlı tutumları bağlamında, ortaya konulan m&amp;uuml;şahhas &amp;ouml;rnek davranışların yak&amp;icirc;n iman, samimiyet, teslimiyet, saygı, dini hassasiyet, dini yaşama, kardeşlik, istişare gibi mefhumlara ger&amp;ccedil;ek manada anlam kazandırdığı ileri s&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lebilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The behaviour and discourses of the early Muslims, who were the living witnesses of the revelation, during or after the revelation of the verses, either individually or collectively, are important in terms of showing how they reacted to the revelation. As a matter of fact, they showed an admirable example of devotion and submission to the revelation. For this reason, the Prophet (PBUH) praised his companions by likening them to the stars in the sky. In this article, a statistical research has been carried out on al-Wahidī&amp;rsquo;s (d. 468/1076) &lt;em&gt;Asbāb al-nuzūl al-Qur'ān&lt;/em&gt;. Accordingly, the study is limited to the aforementioned book and Sābit b. Qays b. Shammās (d. 12/633), Abū Bakr al-Siddiq (d. 13/634), Hishām b. al-ʿAs b. Wāil (d. 13/634), &amp;lsquo;Umar b. al-Khattāb (d. 23/644), &amp;rsquo;Alī b. Ab&amp;icirc; T&amp;acirc;lib (d. 40/661), &amp;lsquo;Abdull&amp;acirc;h b. Sal&amp;acirc;m (d. 43/663-64), Ab&amp;ucirc; Ayy&amp;ucirc;b al-Ans&amp;acirc;r&amp;icirc; (d. 49/669), Huwaytib b. &amp;ldquo;Abdiluzz&amp;acirc; (d. 54/674 [?]), &amp;rdquo;Ā'ishah (d. 58/678), Ma'kıl b. Yathār (d. 59/679 [?]), Qutayla bint &amp;lsquo;Abdiluzzā (d.?), Asmā bint Abī Bakr (d. 73/692), Hawla bint Sa'lāba (d.?), Aws b. Sāmit (d.?), and a man from the tribe of Ghatafān the attitudes of a total of fifteen people about whom the verses were revealed after the verses were revealed. Because in the eight hundred and eighty-three narrations mentioned in al-Wahidī's work, only the attitudes of these fifteen people are included. In this respect, the purpose of presenting the individual and group-based statistical tables in this study is to justify why the study was limited to fifteen people. For a better understanding of the subject, the community-based attitudes of Muslims after the verses were revealed are discussed separately. Therefore, in this study, firstly the individual attitudes of the aforementioned fifteen people after the verses were revealed, and then the community-based behaviour of Muslims after the verses were revealed. Thus, the subject has been tried to be presented in a holistic perspective. As a result, the total number of Muslims about whom a verse was revealed is one hundred and sixty-four, of whom twenty-five are women and one hundred and thirty-nine are men, out of a total of eight hundred and eighty-three narrations in this work. In addition, there are also people whose names are not mentioned. According to the person-based statistics, the number of verses revealed about the Muslims who are mentioned in these narrations or not mentioned is three hundred and sixty-nine; according to the community-based statistics, the number of verses revealed about the Muslims mentioned as a community is forty-one. Accordingly, the total number of verses revealed is four hundred and ten. It can be said that two-thirds of the total two hundred and sixteen verses that were revealed on an individual basis are found in the Medinan suras compared to the Meccan suras, and for the thirty-nine verses that were revealed on a community basis, all but one of the verses are found in the Medinan suras. In the context of the individual and community-based attitudes of the Muslims about whom verses were revealed, it can be argued that the concrete exemplary behaviours put forward give real meaning to concepts such as firm faith, sincerity, submission, respect, religious sensitivity, religious living, brotherhood, and consultation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78809</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[657-682]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/173</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Suça Sürüklenen Çocukların Dini Deneyimleri ve Din Eğitimi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Religious Experiences of Children Driven to Crime and Religious Education]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Teceli KARASU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, Suç, Suça Sürüklenen Çocuk, Suçlu Çocuk, Muş.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Crime, Child Driven to Crime, Criminal Child, Muş.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Su&amp;ccedil;, yasaların cezalandırdığı davranış veya topluma zarar verdiği yasa koyucu tarafından kabul edilen ve a&amp;ccedil;ık olarak tanımlanan eylem ve hareketlerdir. &amp;Ccedil;ocuk su&amp;ccedil;u, 18 yaşını doldurmamış, yani kanunen reşit sayılmayan bireyler tarafından işlenen su&amp;ccedil;lar olarak tanımlanır ve bu durum, sadece mevcut d&amp;ouml;nemi değil, gelecekteki yaşamlarını da tehdit ettiği i&amp;ccedil;in erken m&amp;uuml;dahale gerektiren bir sorundur. &amp;Ccedil;ocuk su&amp;ccedil;una y&amp;ouml;nelik geliştirilen pek &amp;ccedil;ok yaklaşım, &amp;ccedil;ocuğun maneviyatını g&amp;ouml;z ardı etmiş ve su&amp;ccedil;un &amp;ouml;nlenmesi konusunda din eğitiminin rol&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; ihmal etmiştir. Ancak inanma ve maneviyat, insanın ayrılmaz ve tatmin edilmesi gereken en &amp;ouml;nemli par&amp;ccedil;asıdır. Maneviyat alanındaki eksiklik, bireyin diğer gelişim alanlarını da olumsuz etkileyebilir ve bu, doğru kararlar alma, d&amp;uuml;zg&amp;uuml;n bir yaşam s&amp;uuml;rme ve topluma fayda sağlama kapasitesini zayıflatabilir. Bu nedenle su&amp;ccedil;a s&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;klenen &amp;ccedil;ocukların din eğitimi, bilimsel bir yaklaşımla ele alınması gereken &amp;ouml;nemli bir konudur. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, &amp;ccedil;ocukların su&amp;ccedil;a y&amp;ouml;nelme sebeplerini, din ve su&amp;ccedil; arasındaki ilişkiyi ve din eğitiminin su&amp;ccedil;tan uzaklaşma s&amp;uuml;recinde nasıl bir rol oynayabileceğini ortaya koymayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinden biri olan durum &amp;ccedil;alışması deseni tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın &amp;ccedil;alışma grubunu su&amp;ccedil;a s&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;klenmiş, g&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ll&amp;uuml; 9 &amp;ccedil;ocuk oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama s&amp;uuml;reci, yarı yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formu kullanılarak ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiş ve veriler, betimsel analiz y&amp;ouml;ntemi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, din eğitiminin yetersiz olduğunu ve uygun bir din eğitiminin &amp;ccedil;ocukları bilişsel ve duyuşsal y&amp;ouml;nden g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lendirerek su&amp;ccedil;tan uzak tutabileceğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Ancak bunun ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşebilmesi i&amp;ccedil;in din &amp;ouml;ğreticilerinin karakter, alan bilgisi ve y&amp;ouml;ntemsel becerilerinin yeterli d&amp;uuml;zeyde olması gerektiği tespit edilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt 2.85pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Crime is the behavior punishable by law or actions and movements that are recognized and clearly defined by the legislator as causing harm to society. &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Juvenile delinquency is defined as crimes committed by individuals who have not reached the age of 18, i.e. who are not legally considered minors, and this is a problem that requires early intervention as it threatens not only the current period but also their future lives. Many approaches to juvenile crime have ignored the spirituality of the child and neglected the role of religious education in crime prevention. However, belief and spirituality are inseparable and the most important parts of human beings that need to be satisfied. A deficiency in the area of spirituality can negatively affect the individual's other areas of development and this can weaken his/her capacity to make the right decisions, lead a decent life and benefit society. For this reason, religious education of children who are dragged into crime is an important issue that needs to be addressed with a scientific approach. This study aims to reveal the reasons why children turn to crime, the relationship between religion and crime, and what role religious education can play in the process of staying away from crime. Case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was preferred in the study. The study group consisted of 9 volunteer children who were dragged into crime. The data collection process was carried out using an interview form consisting of semi-structured questions and the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The findings of the research show that religious education is inadequate and that an appropriate religious education can keep children away from crime by strengthening them cognitively and emotionally.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;However, in order for this to happen, it has been determined that the character, field knowledge and methodological skills of religious teachers should be at an adequate level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78770</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 4[487-502]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/174</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sebeb-i Vürûdda Kadın Faktörü ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Female Factor in the Cause of Virtue]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Emin ÇİFTÇİ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hz. Peygamber, Hadis, Rivayet, Sebeb-i vürûd, Kadınlar.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Prophet Muhammad, Hadith, Narration, Reason for Virtue, Women.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Sebeb-i v&amp;uuml;r&amp;ucirc;d ilmi; hadislerin v&amp;uuml;r&amp;ucirc;d sebeplerini, rivayetlerin zaman, mek&amp;acirc;n, olay ve muhatap ile ilgili hususlarını konu alan ilim dalıdır. Rivayetlerin hangi ortam ve şartlarda varid olduğu ve kime ve hangi sebeplerden dolayı s&amp;ouml;ylendiğinin bilinmesi, hadislerin doğru anlaşılması hususunda &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; hadislerin v&amp;uuml;r&amp;ucirc;d sebeplerinin bilinmesi, mesajın doğru anlaşılmasını sağlamakta ve hadislerde yer alan h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mlerin illetlerini g&amp;ouml;sterdiğinden, benzer meseleleri bu illetlere kıyasla değerlendirme imk&amp;acirc;nını oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca bazı haberler sebepten bağımsız değerlendirildiğinden s&amp;uuml;nnetin yanlış anlaşılmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bir&amp;ccedil;ok konuda olduğu gibi kadınlarla ilgili haberlerde de bunu g&amp;ouml;rmek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. Bazı d&amp;ouml;nem ve toplumlarda olduğu gibi M&amp;uuml;sl&amp;uuml;man toplumunda kadınlara karşı bazı olumsuz g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şler ve yaklaşımlar olmuştur. H&amp;acirc;lbuki Hz. Peygamber (sas) kadınlarla ilgili olumsuz durumların d&amp;uuml;zeltilmesi i&amp;ccedil;in eylem ve s&amp;ouml;ylemlerde bulunmuştur. Kadınlar kendilerine değer verildiğini ve muhatap alındığını g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;nce &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;ven kazanmışlar ve &amp;ccedil;ekinmeden a&amp;ccedil;ıklanmasını istedikleri her meseleyi Res&amp;ucirc;lullah&amp;rsquo;a (s.a.v.) sormuş ve cevaplarını almışlardır. Dolayısıyla kadınların irad edilmesine sebep oldukları bir&amp;ccedil;ok rivayet bulunmaktadır. Bu rivayetlerin sebepleriyle beraber tahri&amp;ccedil; ve değerlendirilmesi hem rivayetlerin doğru anlaşılması hem de kadınların hadis ilmine ve hadislerin varid olmasına olan katkılarının tespiti a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada kadınların sebep oldukları rivayetler tahri&amp;ccedil; edilip onların dinin anlaşılmasına olan katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma makale hacmini aşmama adına k&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;b-i sitte ile sınırlandırmaya gayret edilmiştir. Ancak nadir de olsa diğer m&amp;uuml;teber kaynaklara da başvurulmuştur. Tahri&amp;ccedil; ve tasnif edilen rivayetler hakkında &amp;acirc;limlerin a&amp;ccedil;ıklamaları ve konu ile ilgili verilen h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mler değerlendirilmiştir. Kadınların v&amp;uuml;r&amp;ucirc;duna sebep olduğu haberler kadınların &amp;ouml;zel durumları, hakları, evlilikleri, boşanmaları, iddet, nafaka ve ibadet hayatları ile ilgili rivayetler başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Ayrıca kadınların sebep oldukları rivayetler bağlamında İsl&amp;acirc;m&amp;rsquo;ın kadına verdiği değer ve onların dinin yayılması ve anlaşılmasına olan katkıları tespit edilmeye &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The science of the reason for the occurrence of hadiths is the branch of science that deals with the reasons for the occurrence of hadiths, the issues related to the time, place, event and addressee of the narrations. It is important to know in which environment and conditions the narrations were transmitted and to whom and for what reasons they were told. Because knowing the reasons for the occurrence of hadiths ensures that the message is understood correctly and since it shows the causes of the rulings in the hadiths, it creates the opportunity to evaluate similar issues in comparison with these causes. In addition, since some news are evaluated independently of the cause, it causes the sunnah to be misunderstood. As in many issues, it is possible to see this in news about women. As in some periods and societies, there have been some negative views and approaches towards women in the Muslim society. However, the Prophet (pbuh) took actions and statements to correct the negative situations regarding women. When women saw that they were valued and addressed, they gained self-confidence and asked the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) without hesitation about any issue they wanted to be explained and received answers. Therefore, there are many narrations that women caused to be narrated. The narrations and evaluation of these narrations along with their reasons are important both for the correct understanding of the narrations and for determining the contributions of women to the science of hadith and the transmission of hadiths. In this study, the narrations that women caused were narrated and their contributions to the understanding of religion were evaluated. In order not to exceed the scope of the study, an effort was made to limit it to Kutub al-Sittah. However, although rare, other reliable sources were also consulted. The explanations of scholars and the rulings given on the subject were evaluated regarding the narrations that were narrated and classified. The news that women caused to be narrated were examined under the titles of narrations related to women's special situations, rights, marriages, divorces, iddah, alimony and worship life. In addition, in the context of the narrations caused by women, an attempt was made to determine the value that Islam gives to women and their contribution to the spread and understanding of the religion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78676</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[29-46]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/175</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İlmi Tefsir Geleneğinin Kritiği: İbn Âşûr Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Critique of the Scientific Exegesis Tradition: The Example of Ibn Âshûr]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hüseyin HALİL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, İlmî Tefsir Metodu, İbn Âşûr, et-Tahrîr ve’t-Tenvîr, Kevnî Ayetler.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsîr, Scientific Exegesis Method, Ibn Âshûr, at-Tahrir wa’t-Tanwir, Cosmic Verses.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Klasik ilmi tefsir metodu, bilimsel ilerlemelerle Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n metni arasında bir bağ kurarak Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın zaman ve mekanla sınırlı olmayan &amp;ccedil;ağlar &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml; ilahi bir kitap olduğunu ispatlamaya &amp;ccedil;alışan bir anlayıştır. Zaman i&amp;ccedil;inde bu anlayışı bir adım daha ileri g&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;ren bu metod taraftarları Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın ge&amp;ccedil;mişte var olmuş ve gelecekte keşfedilecek olan t&amp;uuml;m ilimleri kapsadığını ileri s&amp;uuml;rerek Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ı b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n ilimlerin kaynağı olarak saymıştır. Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;a bu şekilde bir rol verilmesi ve i&amp;ccedil;eriğinin dini olmaktan &amp;ccedil;ıkartılıp bilimsel bir hale getirilmesi bir&amp;ccedil;ok İslam entelekt&amp;uuml;elinin tepkisini &amp;ccedil;ekmiştir. Bu tepkiyi doğrudan olmasa da dolaylı olarak, ilmi tefsire konu olan ayetler hakkında yaptığı yorumlarla, g&amp;ouml;sterenlerden birisi de İbn &amp;Acirc;ş&amp;ucirc;r&amp;rsquo;dur. Aslında onun ilmi tefsir anlayışı klasik tefsir geleneğini modern bilimsel perspektiflerle harmanlayan bir niteliğe sahiptir. Bu yaklaşım, hem tarihsel bağlamda Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunur hem de d&amp;ouml;nemin bilimsel gelişmeleri ile etkileşim i&amp;ccedil;inde yeni yorumlar sunar. Bununla birlikte o, klasik ilmi tefsir taraftarlarının aksine, ilmi tefsire konu olan ayetleri ve kevn&amp;icirc; mucizeleri dilsel ve tarihsel bağlamları i&amp;ccedil;inde değerlendirmeyi tercih ettiği i&amp;ccedil;in, n&amp;uuml;zul d&amp;ouml;neminin ilmi seviyesine uygun olmayan ve ayet metinlerinin l&amp;uuml;gav&amp;icirc; ve tarihsel bağlamına ters d&amp;uuml;şen aşırı bilimsel yorumlardan sakınmaya ve daha &amp;ccedil;ok ayetin &amp;ouml;z manasına sadık kalmaya &amp;ccedil;alışmıştır. İşte bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı İbn Aş&amp;ucirc;r&amp;rsquo;un ilmi tefsir y&amp;ouml;nteminin, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;ın bilimle olan bağlantısını nasıl şekillendirdiğini, klasik ilmi tefsir anlayışından hangi y&amp;ouml;nlerden ayrıldığını ve onun ilmi bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısının ilmi tefsir alanına nasıl katkı sağladığını analiz etmektir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The classical method of scientific exegesis seeks to establish a connection between scientific advancements and the Qur'anic text, aiming to demonstrate that the Qur&amp;rsquo;an is a divine book beyond the confines of time and space. Proponents of this approach have taken it a step further, arguing that the Qur&amp;rsquo;an encompasses all past and future sciences, positioning it as the source of all knowledge. However, attributing such a role to the Qur'an, and transforming its content from a religious text into a scientific one, has drawn criticism from many Islamic intellectuals. One of those who, albeit indirectly, expressed this criticism through his interpretations of verses subject to scientific exegesis is Ibn &amp;Acirc;sh&amp;ucirc;r. His approach harmonizes the classical exegesis tradition with modern scientific perspectives. This method contributes both to the historical understanding of the Qur'an and offers new interpretations in interaction with the scientific developments of his time. However, unlike classical proponents of scientific exegesis, Ibn &amp;Acirc;sh&amp;ucirc;r prefers to interpret verses and cosmic miracles within their linguistic and historical contexts, avoiding extreme scientific interpretations that do not align with the linguistic or historical context of the verses. This study aims to analyze how Ibn &amp;Acirc;sh&amp;ucirc;r's method shapes the relationship between the Qur&amp;rsquo;an and science, where it diverges from classical scientific exegesis, and how his approach contributes to the field. Moreover, this paper is unique in that it includes Ibn &amp;Acirc;sh&amp;ucirc;r&amp;rsquo;s work, &lt;em&gt;Al-Tahr&amp;icirc;r wa'l-Tanw&amp;icirc;r&lt;/em&gt;, in the realm of scientific exegesis, presenting him as a figure who integrates the Qur&amp;rsquo;an with modern sciences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78589</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[491-510]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/176</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Alevi-Bektaşi Velâyetnâmelerinde Maddî ve Manevî İktidarın Yansımaları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Reflections of Material and Spiritual Power in Alevi-Bektashi Hagiographies]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Serdar GÜRÇAY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Alev DURAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Alevi-Bektaşi, velâyetnâme, veli, iktidar, siyasal iktidar, çatışma/mücadele.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Alevi-Bektashi, velâyetnâme (hagiographie), veli/sufi, material strenght, spiritual power, conflict/relation.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk59614503"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk50243642"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk59614503;"&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Alevilik, temellerini 13. y&amp;uuml;zyılda Orta Asya&amp;rsquo;dan Anadolu&amp;rsquo;ya g&amp;ouml;&amp;ccedil; eden T&amp;uuml;rkmen dervişlerinden alan kendine has &amp;ouml;ğretileri, deyişleri, nefesleri, mitik anlatıları ile geleneğin ruhunu yansıtan rit&amp;uuml;elleri bulunan sentez&amp;icirc; bir inan&amp;ccedil;tır. Yaklaşık on asır gibi uzun bir ge&amp;ccedil;mişe sahip olan bu inan&amp;ccedil; sisteminin tarihsel gelişim s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;leri netlik kazanmasa da pek &amp;ccedil;ok s&amp;ouml;ylence ve efsanelerle &amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml; bir yapı arz ettiği s&amp;ouml;ylenebilir. Bu durumun neticesinde geleneğe eklektik olarak bağlanmış &amp;ccedil;ok farklı bakış a&amp;ccedil;ıları ve pratiklerin ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıktığı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Alevi topluluğu din&amp;icirc; rit&amp;uuml;elleri, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel gelenekleri ve sosyal yapılanmalarıyla dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekici &amp;ouml;zellikler sergilemektedir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle cemevi ve diğer din&amp;icirc; t&amp;ouml;renler gibi rit&amp;uuml;ellerini kapalı-gelenek&amp;ccedil;i bir bi&amp;ccedil;imde s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;regelen bu yapı; tarihsel, din&amp;icirc; kimlik, k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel aidiyet ve toplumsal dinamikler a&amp;ccedil;ısından derinlemesine ve mukayeseli olarak araştırmacılar tarafından halen araştırılmakta ve araştırılacaktır. Tarihsel ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel değişimlerden etkilenmesi, tarih boyunca bir&amp;ccedil;ok farklı k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel ve toplumsal değişimler yaşanması da Alev&amp;icirc;lik&amp;rsquo;i &amp;ouml;nemli bir araştırma konusu haline getirmektedir. Horasan coğrafyasından getirilen başta Şamanlık olmak &amp;uuml;zere eski T&amp;uuml;rk inan&amp;ccedil; ve inanışlarıyla harmanlanan yapının yanı sıra bilhassa Sel&amp;ccedil;uklu ve Osmanlı d&amp;ouml;nemlerinin karmaşık din&amp;icirc; ve sosyal yapılarının anlaşılmasında &amp;ouml;nemli rol oynayan bu araştırmalarda Alevilik&amp;rsquo;in &amp;ccedil;ok y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; bir k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel fraksiyon sergilediği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Din ve siyaset arasındaki &amp;ccedil;atışma, tarih boyunca pek &amp;ccedil;ok toplumda g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;len bir olgudur. Bu &amp;ccedil;atışma, genellikle dinin toplumsal ve siyasal alanlara m&amp;uuml;dahale etmesi ya da siyasetin din&amp;icirc; değerlere karşıt bir duruş sergilemesi şeklinde ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkar. &amp;Ccedil;alışmamızın amacı, Alevi-Bektaşi geleneğinin temel yazılı kaynaklarından olan vel&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;melerde ge&amp;ccedil;en, mezhebin ulusu olarak kabul edilen manev&amp;icirc; iktidar sahibi veliler ile d&amp;uuml;nyevi iktidar sahiplerinin uyum ve &amp;ccedil;atışmalarını tespit edip bu durumu geleneğin/s&amp;ucirc;f&amp;icirc;lerin bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirmektir. Topluma hizmet i&amp;ccedil;in g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; ve iktidar şarttır. H&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;mdarlar, diğer y&amp;ouml;neticiler ve kahraman savaş&amp;ccedil;ılar Tanrı'nın d&amp;uuml;zenini sağlamak adına işg&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml;klerinden Tanrı'nın yery&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;ndeki temsilcileri olarak kabul ediliyorlardı. Manev&amp;icirc; iktidar sahiplerinin y&amp;ouml;netmek i&amp;ccedil;in yurt verme, madd&amp;icirc; iktidarı tevdi etme, d&amp;uuml;zenin ihdası ve s&amp;uuml;rekliliği i&amp;ccedil;in tahta kılı&amp;ccedil; kuşandırma, devlet y&amp;ouml;netimine m&amp;uuml;dahale ederek egemenliğin batın&amp;icirc; y&amp;ouml;nden kaynağı olmak gibi pek &amp;ccedil;ok farklı etkiyle karşılandığı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. İ&amp;ccedil;erik analizi ve dok&amp;uuml;mantasyon tarama y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Hacı Bekt&amp;acirc;ş-ı Vel&amp;icirc; Vil&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Koyun Baba Vel&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Abd&amp;acirc;l M&amp;ucirc;s&amp;acirc; Vel&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Otman Baba Vel&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;mesi&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;nden tespit edilen pasajların sunulduğu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, geleneğin kutsallaştırdığı veliler ile siyasal erk arasındaki uyum ve gerilimlerden a&amp;ccedil;ığa &amp;ccedil;ıkan bakış a&amp;ccedil;ısının vel&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;meler doğrultusunda &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mlenmesinin geleneğe y&amp;ouml;nelik &amp;ouml;nyargıların ortadan kaldırılması, toplumsal uyum ve hoşg&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml; a&amp;ccedil;ısından kritik olduğu d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesindeyiz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Alevism is a synthesized faith with its own teachings, sayings, breaths, mythical narratives, and rituals that reflect the spirit of tradition, rooted in the Turkmen dervishes who migrated from Central Asia to Anatolia in the 13th century. Although the historical development processes of this belief system, which has a long history of about ten centuries, are not clear, it can be said that it has a structure woven with many myths and legends. As a result of this situation, it is seen that many different perspectives and practices that are eclectically connected to tradition have emerged. The Alevi community exhibits remarkable characteristics with its religious rituals, cultural traditions and social structures. These structures, especially the cemevi and other religious ceremonies, are still being and will continue to be researched in depth and comparatively by researchers in terms of historical, religious identity, cultural belonging and social dynamics. The fact that Alevism is affected by historical and cultural changes, and that it has experienced many different cultural and social changes throughout history makes it an important research topic. These studies, which play an important role in understanding the complex religious and social structures of the Seljuk and Ottoman periods, as well as the structure blended with ancient Turkish beliefs and beliefs, especially Shamanism, show that Alevism exhibits a multifaceted cultural faction. The conflict between religion and politics is a phenomenon seen in many societies throughout history. This conflict usually manifests itself in the form of religion interfering in social and political spheres or politics taking a stance against religious values. The aim of our study is to identify the harmony and conflicts between the guardians, who are accepted as the sect's great ones, and the political power holders in the vel&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;mas, which are the main written sources of the Alevi-Bektashi tradition, and to evaluate this situation from the perspective of the tradition/suffis. It is seen that spiritual power holders are met with many different influences such as giving a homeland to rule, entrusting material power, equipping the sword, intervening in the state administration and being the source of sovereignty in the superstitious aspect. In this study, in which the passages identified from Hacı Bekt&amp;acirc;ş-ı Vel&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;mesi (Hagiography), Koyun Baba Vel&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;mesi, Abd&amp;acirc;l M&amp;ucirc;s&amp;acirc; Vel&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;mesi and Otman Baba Vel&amp;acirc;yetn&amp;acirc;mesi are presented through content analysis and documentation scanning method, we believe that analyzing the perspective that emerges from the harmony and tensions between the guardians sanctified by tradition and political hegemony in line with the vel&amp;acirc;yn&amp;acirc;mes is critical in terms of eliminating prejudices against tradition, social harmony and tolerance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78555</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1083-1100]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/177</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Şaban’ın On Beşinci Gecesiyle İlgili Hadislerin Sıhhat Derecelerinin Araştırılması ve Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Investigation and Evaluation of the Hadiths Related to the Fifteenth Night of Sha'ban]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İbrahim HANEK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Şaban Ayı, Kandil Geceleri, Şaban’ın On Beşinci Gecesi, Berat Gecesi. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Month of Sha'ban, Kandil Nights, Fifteenth Night of Sha'ban, Berat Night.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Kaynaklarda Şaban&amp;rsquo;ın on beşinci gecesinin faziletine dair bir&amp;ccedil;ok hadis bulunmaktadır. Ancak &amp;acirc;limler bunların sıhhatinde ihtilaf etmektedir. Nitekim İbn&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Arab&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;. 543/1148) ve İbn Dihye (&amp;ouml;. 633/1235) gibi &amp;acirc;limler bunların hi&amp;ccedil;birinin sah&amp;icirc;h olmadığını iddia ederken, Ukayl&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;. 322/934) ve İbn Hibb&amp;acirc;n (&amp;ouml;. 354/965) gibi diğer bir kesim de bunun aksini savunmaktadır. Burada &amp;ouml;ncelikle Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;de mezk&amp;ucirc;r gecenin faziletine dair herhangi bir işaretin bulunup bulunmadığı araştırılmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılacaktır. Akabinde bu konuda mevz&amp;ucirc; olduğu hususunda ittifak edilen riv&amp;acirc;yetler ile mevk&amp;ucirc;f olanlar hari&amp;ccedil;, s&amp;ouml;z konusu geceyle ilgili ulaşılabilen hadislerin tamamı farklı isnad ve metinleriyle birlikte araştırılacak ve sıhhat dereceleri ortaya konulmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılacaktır. Buna ilave olarak konuyla ilgili tespit edilebilen zayıf hadislerin dereceleri ve bunlara ait tar&amp;icirc;klerin farklılaşmasıyla zayıflıktan kurtulup kurtulamayacağı hususuna dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekilecektir. Neticede Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;de mezk&amp;ucirc;r geceyle ilgili herhangi bir işaretin varlığından s&amp;ouml;z etmek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;n değildir. Şaban&amp;rsquo;ın on beşinci gecesiyle ilgili hadisleri ise iki grupta m&amp;uuml;talaa etmek m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. Birincisi, za&amp;lsquo;fı şiddetli olup her h&amp;acirc;l&amp;uuml;k&amp;acirc;rda reddedilmesi gereken riv&amp;acirc;yetlerdir. İkincisi ise za&amp;lsquo;fı hafif olup herhangi bir vasıtayla zayıf olmaktan &amp;ccedil;ıkarılabilen hadislerdir. İbn&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;l-Arab&amp;icirc; ve İbn Dihye gibiler bu gibi hadisleri m&amp;uuml;stakillen değerlendirdikleri i&amp;ccedil;in bu konuda zayıf h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;yle yetinmektedir. Buna mukabil Ukayl&amp;icirc; ve İbn Hibb&amp;acirc;n gibiler, mezk&amp;ucirc;r geceyle ilgili hadisleri topluca değerlendirdikleri i&amp;ccedil;in bu konuda sah&amp;icirc;h h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; tercih etmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;There are many hadiths in the sources about the virtue of the fifteenth night of Sha'ban. However, scholars disagree on their authenticity. Indeed, scholars such as Ibn al-'Arabī (d. 543/1148) and Ibn Dihya (d. 633/1235) claim that none of them are authentic, while others such as al-Uqaylī (d. 322/934) and Ibn Hibbān (d. 354/965) argue the opposite. Here, first of all, it will be tried to investigate whether there is any indication of the virtue of the night mentioned in the Qur'&amp;acirc;n al-ker&amp;icirc;m. Subsequently, all of the hadiths about the night in question will be investigated with their different isnads and texts, except for the narrations that are unanimous on this subject and the mawqūf ones, and their degree of authenticity will be tried to be revealed. In addition, attention will be drawn to the degrees of the weak hadiths that can be identified on the subject and whether they can be saved from weakness by the differentiation of their tarīqs. As a result, it is not possible to mention the existence of any sign in the Qur'&amp;acirc;n al-ker&amp;icirc;m about the night in question. The hadiths about the fifteenth night of Sha'ban can be divided into two groups. The first is the narrations whose weakness is severe and should be rejected in any case. The second is a hadith whose weakness is mild and can be removed from being weak by any means. Since people like Ibn al-'Arabī and Ibn Dihya have evaluated such hadiths independently, they are content with the judgement of weakness in this matter. On the other hand, the likes of al-'Uqaylī and Ibn Hibbān, who collectively evaluate the hadīths related to the night in question, prefer the sahīh judgement on this issue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78477</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[63-81]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/178</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İlahiyat Fakültesi Lisans Öğrencilerinin Bilim ve Din Hakkındaki Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Qaulitative Study on Examination of the Views of Undergraduate Students of the Faculty of Theology on Science and Religion]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hatice KELEŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nurcan KELEŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dinler Tarihi, Fen Bilimleri, Din Bilimleri, Lisans Öğrencileri, İçerik Analizi, Din- Bilim İlişkisi ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Religions, Science, Religious Sciences, Undergraduate Students, Content Analysis, Religion-Science Relationship ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada İlahiyat Fak&amp;uuml;ltesi b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;nde okuyan &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin bilim ve din konusu &amp;uuml;zerine olan g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerinin ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarılması ama&amp;ccedil;lanmıştır. Dini olgular ve inan&amp;ccedil; sistemleri her ne kadar &amp;ccedil;ıktıkları g&amp;uuml;nden bu yana aynı kalmış olsa da dinden uzaklaşan bir&amp;ccedil;ok İlahiyat &amp;ouml;ğrencisi de bulunmaktadır. Bu a&amp;ccedil;ıdan gelecek nesillerin gittik&amp;ccedil;e daha da gelişen ve normal hayatla i&amp;ccedil; i&amp;ccedil;e yaşam koşullarında yer alan bilim ve sabit bir inan&amp;ccedil; sistemine sahip olan din arasındaki &amp;ccedil;atışma veya uyum noktasında birtakım tartışmalar olabilmektedir. Bu noktada ilahiyat &amp;ouml;ğrencilerinin se&amp;ccedil;ilme sebebi ise bu kesimin hem gelenek&amp;ccedil;i/radikal hem de modern d&amp;uuml;nyada yetişmiş bireylerin oluşturduğu karma bir yapı arz etmesidir. Bu sebeple araştırmada nitel y&amp;ouml;ntem kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak da &amp;Ccedil;akmak ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilen &lt;em&gt;Din-Bilim Tutum &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği&lt;/em&gt; (2022), kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eğe dayalı olarak geliştirilen nitel &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;me aracının maddeleri dikkate alınarak "Din ve Bilim G&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme Formu" adı verilen yarı yapılandırılmış g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formu hazırlanmıştır. İlahiyat fak&amp;uuml;ltesi 4. sınıf &amp;ouml;ğrencilerine &lt;em&gt;Din Bilim &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği&lt;/em&gt; uygulanarak durum deseni incelemesi yapılmıştır ve yarı yapılandırılmış g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formu ile de veriler toplanmıştır. Temaların &amp;ouml;nceden net olmaması nedeniyle verilerin analizinde i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi y&amp;ouml;ntemi kullanılmıştır. İ&amp;ccedil;erik analizi yapılarak maddelere verilen cevaplar &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; kategoriye ayrılmıştır. &amp;Ouml;ğrencilerin yarı yapılandırılmış &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eğe g&amp;ouml;re verdikleri cevaplar, ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan nedenlerin (kodların) frekans ve y&amp;uuml;zdeleri hesaplanarak her bir soru i&amp;ccedil;in sırasıyla hazırlanan tablolarda g&amp;ouml;sterilmiştir. &amp;Ouml;ğrencilerden alınan &amp;ouml;rnek a&amp;ccedil;ıklamalar her tablonun sonunda gerek&amp;ccedil;eleriyle birlikte verilmiştir. B&amp;ouml;ylece &amp;ouml;ğrencilerden elde edilen verilerle g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şler daha detaylı olarak sunulmuştur. Bu ama&amp;ccedil;la, kullanılan sorulara g&amp;ouml;re &amp;ouml;ğrencilerin bilim ve din hakkında &amp;ccedil;eşitli g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlere sahip oldukları bulunmuştur. Bu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şler de tartışma ve sonu&amp;ccedil; kısmında değerlendirilmiştir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This study aims to reveal the opinions of students studying at Faculty of Theology on the subject of science and religion. Although religious facts and belief systems have remained the same since the day they were first published, there are many theology students who have moved away from religion. In this respect, there may be some debates about the conflict or harmony between science, which is increasingly developed and intertwined with normal life, and religion, which has a fixed belief system, for future generations. At this point, the reason why theology students are chosen is that this group has a mixed structure consisting of both traditionalist/radical and individuals raised in the modern world. Accordingly, qualitative method was used in this research. The Religion-Science Attitude Scale (2022), developed by &amp;Ccedil;akmak et al., was used as the data collection tool. A semi-structured interview form called "Religion and Science Interview Form" was prepared, considering the items of the qualitative measurement tool developed based on the scale used. A situational pattern analysis was conducted by applying the Religious Science Scale to 4th grade students at the Faculty of Theology, and data was collected with a semi-structured interview form. Since the themes were not clear in advance, the content analysis method was used to analyze the data. By conducting content analysis, the answers to the items were divided into three categories. The students&amp;rsquo; answers were shown in the tables prepared respectively for each question by calculating the frequencies and percentages of the reasons (codes) that emerged. Sample explanations received from students are given with their justifications at the end of each table. Thus, the data and opinions obtained from the students were presented in more detail. For this purpose, it was found that students had various views about science and religion according to the questions used. These opinions were also evaluated in the discussion and conclusion section.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78325</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[97-120]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/179</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[el-Mesnevî el-Arabî en-Nûrî Adlı Eserin Mukaddimesi: Bir Üslup Çalışması ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Introduction of "Al-Mathnawi Al-Arabi Al-Nuri". A Stylistic Study]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmed Mahmoud Zakaria TAWFIK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap dili ve edebiyatı, üslup, dilbilim, Nursi, el-Mesnevi el-Arabi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap dili ve edebiyatı, üslup, dilbilim, Nursi, el-Mesnevi el-Arabi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bir metnin stilistik &amp;ccedil;alışması, edebiyat ve dil bilimleri alanında &amp;ouml;nemli analitik ara&amp;ccedil;lardan biri olarak kabul edilir; bu y&amp;ouml;ntem metnin estetik y&amp;ouml;nlerini ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarmada yazara yardımcı olur ve yazarın iletmeye &amp;ccedil;alıştığı mesajları daha etkili bir şekilde aktarmasına olanak tanır. Bu metinleri b&amp;ouml;lerek ve &amp;ccedil;eşitli yorumlar sunarak daha a&amp;ccedil;ık ve anlaşılır hale getirir. Bedi&amp;uuml;zzaman Said Nursi, T&amp;uuml;rkiye'de &amp;ouml;nde gelen İslam &amp;acirc;limleri ve d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;rleri arasında yer almaktadır; &amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; bilim, din ve felsefeyi bir araya getiren yazıları ile tanınır. Ayrıca d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerini ve &amp;ouml;ğretilerini ifade etmedeki &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n tarzıyla da dikkat &amp;ccedil;eker. Bundan dolayı, onun en &amp;ouml;nemli eserlerinden biri olan Arap&amp;ccedil;a Mesnev&amp;icirc;-i Nuriye'sinin girişini stilistik bir &amp;ccedil;alışma ile incelemeyi tercih ettik. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı yazarın yazmış olduğu metinlerde kullandığı dili, yapı, retorik teknikleri ve &amp;ccedil;eşitli edebi tekniklerini analiz etmek, metnin nasıl inşa edildiğini, nasıl d&amp;uuml;zenlediğini, kelime ve c&amp;uuml;mle kullanımında istenilen etkiyi elde etmek i&amp;ccedil;in nasıl bir yol izlediğini ortaya koymaya &amp;ccedil;alışmaktır. Metodumuz betimsel ve analitik olup, veri analizinin sonu&amp;ccedil;larından faydalanmaktadır. Makale, yazar ve eserini tanıtan kısa bir teorik girişle başlar, ardından araştırmanın uygulama kısmına ge&amp;ccedil;ilir bu kısım &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; aşamada ele alınır: İlk aşama, metin i&amp;ccedil;inde kullanılan kelime dağarcığını ve c&amp;uuml;mle yapısını inceler, bağlamda tekrarın anlamını belirtir, ardından dilbilimsel ve yapısal unsurların analizini, metinsel b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n &amp;ouml;zelliklerini i&amp;ccedil;erir. İkinci aşama, metin i&amp;ccedil;indeki ritim ve uyum &amp;ouml;ğelerinin ve bunların anlam &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisinin analiz edilmesiyle ses &amp;ouml;zelliklerinin analizi yapılmıştır. &amp;Uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; aşamada ise, imgesel ve edebi s&amp;uuml;slemelerin analizini i&amp;ccedil;eren belirgin &amp;ouml;zelliklerin analizini i&amp;ccedil;erir. Daha sonra, metindeki belirli kelimelerin tekrarının istatistiksel analizinden ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan &amp;ouml;nemi gibi &amp;ouml;nemli sonu&amp;ccedil;ların bir &amp;ouml;zetiyle sonu&amp;ccedil;lanmıştır. Bu sonu&amp;ccedil;lar; ger&amp;ccedil;eklik, Kur'an, kalp, akıl, ruh ve nur gibi belirli kelimelerin &amp;ouml;nemini vurgulamanın yanı sıra, c&amp;uuml;mle yapılarının uzunluğu ve karmaşıklığı, yazarın deneyimlerini ve &amp;ccedil;eşitli alanlarda edindiği bilgileri ortaya koymak i&amp;ccedil;in dengeli yapılar ve ayrıntılı a&amp;ccedil;ıklamalar kullandığına da işaret eder. Bu da yazarın ufkunun genişliğini, ruhsal, felsefi ve manevi alanlardaki &amp;ccedil;eşitliliğini yansıtmaya &amp;ccedil;alışmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı yazarın yazmış olduğu metinlerde kullandığı dili, yapı, retorik teknikleri ve &amp;ccedil;eşitli edebi tekniklerini analiz etmek, metnin nasıl inşa edildiğini, nasıl d&amp;uuml;zenlediğini, kelime ve c&amp;uuml;mle kullanımında istenilen etkiyi elde etmek i&amp;ccedil;in nasıl bir yol izlediğini ortaya koymaya &amp;ccedil;alışmaktır. Metodumuz betimsel ve analitik olup, veri analizinin sonu&amp;ccedil;larından faydalanmaktadır. Makale, yazar ve eserini tanıtan kısa bir teorik girişle başlar, ardından araştırmanın uygulama kısmına ge&amp;ccedil;ilir bu kısım &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; aşamada ele alınır: İlk aşama, metin i&amp;ccedil;inde kullanılan kelime dağarcığını ve c&amp;uuml;mle yapısını inceler, bağlamda tekrarın anlamını belirtir, ardından dilbilimsel ve yapısal unsurların analizini, metinsel b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n &amp;ouml;zelliklerini i&amp;ccedil;erir. İkinci aşama, metin i&amp;ccedil;indeki ritim ve uyum &amp;ouml;ğelerinin ve bunların anlam &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisinin analiz edilmesiyle ses &amp;ouml;zelliklerinin analizi yapılmıştır. &amp;Uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; aşamada ise, imgesel ve edebi s&amp;uuml;slemelerin analizini i&amp;ccedil;eren belirgin &amp;ouml;zelliklerin analizini i&amp;ccedil;erir. Daha sonra, metindeki belirli kelimelerin tekrarının istatistiksel analizinden ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkan &amp;ouml;nemi gibi &amp;ouml;nemli sonu&amp;ccedil;ların bir &amp;ouml;zetiyle sonu&amp;ccedil;lanmıştır. Bu sonu&amp;ccedil;lar; ger&amp;ccedil;eklik, Kur'an, kalp, akıl, ruh ve nur gibi belirli kelimelerin &amp;ouml;nemini vurgulamanın yanı sıra, c&amp;uuml;mle yapılarının uzunluğu ve karmaşıklığı, yazarın deneyimlerini ve &amp;ccedil;eşitli alanlarda edindiği bilgileri ortaya koymak i&amp;ccedil;in dengeli yapılar ve ayrıntılı a&amp;ccedil;ıklamalar kullandığına da işaret eder. Bu da yazarın ufkunun genişliğini, ruhsal, felsefi ve manevi alanlardaki &amp;ccedil;eşitliliğini yansıtmaya &amp;ccedil;alışmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78083</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[139-158]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/180</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur'an'ın Peygamberin Duygu ve Düşüncelerinden Bağımsızlığı: Tarihsel ve Kelamî Deliller]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Independence of the Qur'an from the Prophet's Emotions and Thoughts: Historical and Theological Evidence]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İbrahim Halil ERDOĞAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kelam, Nübüvvet, Vahiy, Kur'an, Oryantalizm.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kalām, Prophethood, Revelation, Qur'an, Orientalism.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"&gt;Vahiy, kelam ilminin en temel konularından biri olup, hem Allah&amp;rsquo;ın ilahi mesajlarını peygamberlerine iletme bi&amp;ccedil;imini hem de bu mesajların mahiyetini incelemektedir. S&amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml;k anlamı itibariyle "gizli bir bildiri" veya "ilham" anlamına gelen vahiy, kavramsal olarak Allah&amp;rsquo;ın peygamberlerine doğrudan ilettiği ilahi mesajları ifade eder. Vahyin temel niteliği, bu mesajların Allah&amp;rsquo;tan geldiği ve insan d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinden tamamen bağımsız olduğu ger&amp;ccedil;eğidir. Kur'an-ı Kerim de bu vahyin bir &amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; olarak, Peygamber Efendimiz&amp;rsquo;in (sav) kişisel d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerinden ve duygularından bağımsız, Allah&amp;rsquo;tan gelen bir kelamdır. Bu bağlamda, vahyin ilahi kaynağını doğrulayan en &amp;ouml;nemli delillerden biri, Peygamber Efendimiz&amp;rsquo;in bazı i&amp;ccedil;tihad&amp;icirc; g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerinin bizzat vahiy aracılığıyla d&amp;uuml;zeltilmiş olmasıdır. Bedir Savaşı esirleri hakkında alınan karar, Hz. Zeyneb ile evlilik meselesi, Abdullah bin &amp;Uuml;mm&amp;uuml; Mekt&amp;ucirc;m ile ilgili olay ve Peygamberin amcası Ebu Talib i&amp;ccedil;in bağışlanma dileğinde bulunması gibi hadiseler, Kur'an&amp;rsquo;ın Peygamberin insani duygularına rağmen ilahi iradeyi ortaya koyduğunu g&amp;ouml;sterir. Bu &amp;ouml;rnekler, Kur'an&amp;rsquo;ın Peygamberin i&amp;ccedil;sel d&amp;uuml;nyasından değil, ilahi bir kaynaktan geldiğinin a&amp;ccedil;ık delilidir. Oryantalistler, vahyin mahiyeti &amp;uuml;zerine &amp;ccedil;eşitli ş&amp;uuml;pheler ileri s&amp;uuml;rerek, vahyin aslında bir t&amp;uuml;r zihinsel rahatsızlık veya psikolojik durum sonucu oluştuğunu iddia etmişlerdir. Ancak bu iddialar, kelam ilmi &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde derinlemesine ele alınmış ve g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; delillerle &amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Kelam ilminin temel g&amp;ouml;revlerinden biri, bu t&amp;uuml;r yanlış iddiaları ortadan kaldırarak, vahyin ilahi ger&amp;ccedil;ekliğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma da, oryantalistlerin &amp;ouml;ne s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; bu iddiaların bilimsel y&amp;ouml;ntemlerle &amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lmesini ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır. Vahyin, zihinsel bir rahatsızlık ya da psikolojik bir durumun değil, aksine insanlığa rehberlik eden ilahi bir hakikat olduğu, bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada a&amp;ccedil;ık ve net bir şekilde ortaya konulacaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Revelation is one of the fundamental subjects of the science of Kalām, examining both the manner in which Allah conveys His divine messages to the prophets and the nature of these messages. Linguistically, the term "revelation" means "a hidden communication" or "inspiration," while conceptually, it refers to the divine messages that Allah directly conveys to His prophets. The core characteristic of revelation is that these messages originate from Allah and are entirely independent of human thought. The Qur'an, as a product of this revelation, is the word of Allah, free from any personal emotions or thoughts of the Prophet (peace be upon him). One of the most compelling pieces of evidence affirming the divine source of revelation is that some of the Prophet's own interpretative judgments were corrected through revelation. Incidents such as the decision regarding the prisoners of the Battle of Badr, the matter of marriage to Zaynab, the episode involving Abdullah bin Umm Maktum, and the Prophet's plea for forgiveness for his uncle, Abu Talib, demonstrate that the Qur'an reflects the divine will rather than the Prophet's human emotions. These examples are clear proof that the Qur'an originates from a divine source rather than from the Prophet's internal world. Orientalists have cast doubt on the nature of revelation, asserting that it may have resulted from a psychological disorder or mental condition. However, these claims have been thoroughly analyzed and refuted within the framework of Kalām using strong evidence. One of the primary tasks of Kalām is to dispel such misconceptions and affirm the divine reality of revelation. This study aims to scientifically disprove the claims made by Orientalists, emphasizing that revelation is not a mental disorder or psychological condition, but rather a divine truth that serves as a guide for humanity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=78078</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 4[469-485]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/181</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Jüri Üyelerine Göre Din Eğitimi Doçentlik Dosyalarının Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[According To Jury Members Evaluation of Religious Education Associate Professor's Files ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kasım KOCAMAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Umut KAYA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din eğitimi, Doçentlik, Doçentlik ölçütleri, Doçentlik jürisi, Doçentlik değerlendirmesi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious education, Associate Professorship, Associate Professorship criteria, Associate Professorship jury, Associate Professorship evaluation]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Do&amp;ccedil;entlik unvanı akademisyenler i&amp;ccedil;in kariyer basamakları a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;nemli temel taşlardan biridir. Bu araştırma, ilahiyat temel alanında &amp;ldquo;din eğitimi&amp;rdquo; anahtar kelimesi &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde hazırlanan do&amp;ccedil;entlik dosyalarında j&amp;uuml;ri olarak g&amp;ouml;revlendirilmiş veya g&amp;ouml;revlendirilecek olan profes&amp;ouml;rlerin değerlendirmelerinde hangi bakış a&amp;ccedil;ılarına sahip olduklarını tespit etmeyi hedeflemektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışma, nitel y&amp;ouml;ntemle ve fenomonolojik araştırma desenine g&amp;ouml;re hazırlanmıştır. Bulguları toplamak i&amp;ccedil;in yarı yapılandırılmış g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formu ile ama&amp;ccedil;lı &amp;ouml;rneklem grubunu oluşturan beş &amp;ouml;ğretim &amp;uuml;yesi ile m&amp;uuml;lakat yapılmış, veriler i&amp;ccedil;erik analiz tekniği ile işlenmiştir. Do&amp;ccedil;entlik j&amp;uuml;ri &amp;uuml;yelerinin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerine g&amp;ouml;re do&amp;ccedil;ent adaylarının genel olarak din eğitimi alanında bilgi sahibi olduklarını g&amp;ouml;steren &amp;ccedil;eşitli akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmalara &amp;ouml;nem vermeleri, konu-y&amp;ouml;ntem uyumunu akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmaya başlamadan &amp;ouml;nce &amp;ccedil;ok iyi kurmaları, etik ihlal t&amp;uuml;rleri konusunda hassasiyet g&amp;ouml;stermeleri gerekmektedir. Katılımcı j&amp;uuml;ri &amp;uuml;yeleri, do&amp;ccedil;entliğe başvuru &amp;ouml;ncesinde belirli bir zaman aralığının olmasından ziyade akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmalarda alana katkının, &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n ve kalitenin &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıktığı nitelikli bir s&amp;uuml;reci &amp;ouml;nemsedikleri g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada, t&amp;uuml;m &amp;ouml;ğretim &amp;uuml;yeleri tarafından vurgulanan husus, do&amp;ccedil;ent adaylarının &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;n ve alana katkı sağlayan yayın &amp;uuml;retebilmeleridir. Bunun i&amp;ccedil;in kendilerinden literat&amp;uuml;re h&amp;acirc;kim olmaları ve tespit ettikleri problem alanlarına y&amp;ouml;nelik &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;mleri bilimsel y&amp;ouml;ntemlerle ortaya koymaları beklenilmektedir. Araştırma genelde ilahiyat temel alanı, &amp;ouml;zelde ise &amp;ldquo;din eğitimi&amp;rdquo; alanında başta do&amp;ccedil;entlik olmak &amp;uuml;zere akademik kariyer yapmayı d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nenlerinin, akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmalarını planlama ve hazırlama konusunda nasıl hareket etmeleri gerektiğine dair bir farkındalık yaratmayı ama&amp;ccedil;layan ilk &amp;ccedil;alışmadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The title of associate professor is one of the important cornerstones in terms of career steps for academicians. This research aims to determine what perspectives the professors who have been or will be assigned as jury members have in their evaluations in the associate professorship files prepared within the framework of the keyword "religious education" in the basic field of theology. The study was prepared according to the qualitative method and phenomenological research design. To collect the findings, five lecturer members who formed the purposeful sample group were interviewed with a semi-structured interview form, and the data were processed with the content analysis technique. According to the opinions of the associate professorship jury members, associate professor candidates should generally attach importance to various academic studies that show that they are knowledgeable in the field of religious education, establish subject-method harmony well before starting academic work, and be sensitive about types of ethical violations. It seems that the participating jury members care about a qualified process in which contribution to the field, originality and quality in academic studies come to the fore, rather than having a certain time period before applying for the position of associate professor. What is emphasized by all lecturer members is that associate professor candidates should be able to produce publications that are original and contribute to the field. For this, they are expected to have a good command of the literature and to put forward solutions to the problem areas they have identified using scientific methods. The research is the first study that aims to raise awareness about how those who are considering an academic career, especially as an associate professor, in the basic field of theology in general and "religious education" in particular, should act in planning and preparing their academic studies.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=77957</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 4[565-595]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/182</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arap Diline Dair bir Layiha Abdülaziz Fehmî Paşa’nın Arap Harflerini Latin Alfabesiyle Değiştirme Girişimi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Proposal Regarding the Arabic Language Abdülaziz Fehmî Pasha’s Attempt to Replace Arabic Script with the Latin Alphabet]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Encümen BAYRAM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dil, Arap alfabesi, Latin alfabesi, Mısır, Abdülaziz Fehmî Paşa, Layiha. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Language, Arabic alphabet, Latin alphabet, Egypt, Abdülaziz Fehmî Pasha, Proposal.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Yaşayan diller i&amp;ccedil;erisinde kadim bir h&amp;uuml;viyete sahip olan Arap dili, tarih&amp;icirc; seyir i&amp;ccedil;erisinde farklı m&amp;uuml;dahalelere maruz kalmıştır. Geniş bir coğrafyada kullanılan ve İslam&amp;rsquo;ın temel kaynaklarının dili olma vasfı da taşıyan Arap&amp;ccedil;a, Hami-Sami dil ailesine mensuptur. Bu dil gurubunda yer alan dillerin kaynak dilinin hangisi olduğuna dair tartışmalar devam ederken Arap&amp;ccedil;a, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n dili kimliğiyle on d&amp;ouml;rt asırdır kendisini koruyabilmiştir. Ancak farklı zaman dilimlerinde onun kolaylaştırılması, gereksiz veya fazla g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;len konularının atılması gibi nedenlerle Arap diline m&amp;uuml;dahaleler olmuştur. Yakın ge&amp;ccedil;miş zamanlarda daha &amp;ccedil;ok g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;len &amp;ccedil;alışmalardan birisi de onun alfabesine y&amp;ouml;neliktir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle mill&amp;icirc; devletlerin kurulmaya başlandığı ve Batıya doğru ilim, bilim, fen ve sanayi alanında bir y&amp;ouml;nelimin g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; bir d&amp;ouml;nemde T&amp;uuml;rk Harf İnkılabının da etkisiyle Arap aydın ve siyas&amp;icirc;leri arasında alfabenin değiştirilmesiyle ilgili tartışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Nitekim yapılan &amp;ccedil;alışmaların en dikkat &amp;ccedil;ekenlerinin başında Abd&amp;uuml;laziz Fehm&amp;icirc; Paşa&amp;rsquo;nın Arap harflerini Latin alfabesiyle değiştirmeyi &amp;ouml;ng&amp;ouml;ren layihası gelmektedir. Mısır&amp;rsquo;ın, İngilizlerden bağımsızlığını kazanma ve yeniden inşa edilmesinde temay&amp;uuml;z eden lider gurubun i&amp;ccedil;erisinde yer almasından dolayı Fehm&amp;icirc; Paşa&amp;rsquo;nın layihası, bu alanda merkezi bir konuma yerleşmiştir. Onun, Mustafa Kemal Atat&amp;uuml;rk&amp;rsquo;&amp;uuml; ve T&amp;uuml;rk Harf İnkılabını &amp;ouml;rnek alması da bu &amp;ccedil;alışma a&amp;ccedil;ısından değer taşır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Metin tahlil y&amp;ouml;ntemi kullanılarak yapılan bu araştırmada, Abd&amp;uuml;laziz Fehm&amp;icirc; Paşa&amp;rsquo;nın Arap alfabesini Latin alfabesiyle değiştirmeyi &amp;ouml;ng&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; layihası ele alınmaktadır. Konuya Arap alfabesinin serencamı, ona dair yapılan &amp;ccedil;alışmalara yer verilmektedir. Fehm&amp;icirc; Paşa&amp;rsquo;nın layihasını hazırlamasındaki nedenler, onun takip ettiği metot ve &amp;ccedil;alışmasına yapılan itirazlar &amp;uuml;zerinde durulmaktadır. Ayrıca layihanın hazırlanmasında ve yayımlanmasında beliren etki-tepki d&amp;ouml;ng&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml; de irdelenmektedir.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The Arabic language has an incredible history that it has survived and evolved for thousands of years, and it has been influenced by many different cultures and events. As a language used across a vast geography and serving as the language of the fundamental sources of Islam, Arabic belongs to the Hamito-Semitic language family &amp;ndash; an amazing fact While there are still some debates about which language this group of languages came from, one thing is for sure: Arabic has been the language of the Qur'an for fourteen centuries. However, there have been some fascinating interventions in the Arabic language over time, such as efforts to simplify it or remove what is seen as unnecessary or excessive. In recent times, one of the most notable and exciting efforts has been focused on its alphabet. During this exciting period of national state formation and the advent of western knowledge, science and industry, Arab intellectuals and politicians were engaged in lively discussions about changing the alphabet. These were influenced by the Turkish Alphabet Reform. One of the most notable works in this area is Abd&amp;uuml;laziz Fehm&amp;icirc; Pasha's trailblazing proposal to replace the Arabic script with the Latin alphabet. Fehm&amp;icirc; Pasha&amp;rsquo;s proposal shot to prominence thanks to his leading role in Egypt&amp;rsquo;s fight for independence from the British and its reconstruction. His adoption of Mustafa Kemal Atat&amp;uuml;rk&amp;rsquo;s and the Turkish Alphabet Reform as examples adds incredible value to this study.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This research, using a textual analysis method and dives deep into the fascinating world of the Arabic alphabet, exploring its rich history, the studies that have shaped its evolution, and the intriguing reasons behind Abd&amp;uuml;laziz Fehm&amp;icirc; Pasha&amp;rsquo;s bold proposal to replace it with the Latin alphabet. It also delves into the intriguing feedback loop that emerged during the preparation and publication of the proposal, uncovering the compelling reasons behind its initial reception and the subsequent evolution of opinions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=77948</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 3[331-349]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/183</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Din Psikolojisi Dersine Yönelik Tutumlarının Farklı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Araştırma: SDÜ İlahiyat Fakültesi Örneklemi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Empirical Research to Examine the Attitudes of Faculty of Theology Students Towards the Psychology of Religion Course in Terms of Different Variables: SDÜ Faculty of Theology Sample]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mustafa MEMİŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, İlahiyat Fakültesi, Öğrenci, Din Psikolojisi Dersi, Tutum]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Faculty of Theology, Student, Psychology of Religion Course, Attitude.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;İlahiyat Fak&amp;uuml;ltelerinde Din Psikolojisi dersi, Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri B&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; &amp;ccedil;atısı altında yer alan Anabilim Dallarından birisidir. Araştırma alanı dinden kaynaklı duygu, d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nce, tutum ve davranışlar yanında dinin subjektif y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; teşkil eden dindarlığın, birey psikolojisi &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkileriyle ilgilenir. İlahiyat eğitimi s&amp;uuml;resince din psikolojisi dersine y&amp;ouml;nelik farklı nedenlerden kaynaklı olumlu &amp;ouml;ğrenci tutumları g&amp;ouml;zlenebildiği gibi, olumsuz tutumlar da g&amp;ouml;zlenebilmektedir. Mezuniyetleri sonrası gerek din hizmetleri alanında gerekse dini eğitim &amp;ouml;ğretim faaliyetlerini &amp;uuml;stlenecek olan ilahiyat fak&amp;uuml;ltesi &amp;ouml;ğrencilerinin hizmet sunarken, birey ve grupların psikolojik yapılarını iyi tahlil edebilmeleri gerekmektedir. Zira daha sağlıklı ve verimli hizmet sunabilmeleri i&amp;ccedil;in de ilahiyat fak&amp;uuml;ltelerinde &amp;ouml;ğrenim g&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml;kleri s&amp;uuml;re i&amp;ccedil;erisinde m&amp;uuml;fredata dahil olan din psikolojisi dersine y&amp;ouml;nelik yaklaşımları &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. Yapılan bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, 2023-2024 &amp;ouml;ğretim yılı i&amp;ccedil;erisinde, S&amp;uuml;leyman Demirel &amp;Uuml;niversitesi, İlahiyat Fak&amp;uuml;ltesi&amp;rsquo;nde &amp;ouml;ğrenim g&amp;ouml;rmekte olan, din psikolojisi dersini daha &amp;ouml;nce almış ve araştırma yapılan d&amp;ouml;nem i&amp;ccedil;erisinde almakta olan 218 kadın, 87 erkek olmak &amp;uuml;zere, toplamda 305 ilahiyat fak&amp;uuml;ltesi &amp;ouml;ğrencisinin katılımı ile ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir.&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Yapılan araştırma, ...&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;Uuml;niversitesi Etik Kurulu&amp;rsquo;nun &amp;hellip; tarihli &amp;hellip; sayılı kararına g&amp;ouml;re uygun bulunarak &amp;ccedil;alışma i&amp;ccedil;in onay verilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Katılımcılara, Google.forms &amp;uuml;zerinden, online olarak ve se&amp;ccedil;kisiz &amp;ouml;rneklem metoduyla ulaşılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler, IBM SPSS 25.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Araştırmada katılımcılara, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Din Psikolojisi Dersine Y&amp;ouml;nelik Tutum &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği uygulanmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt; Araştırmadan elde edilen verilere g&amp;ouml;re, araştırmaya katılan &amp;ouml;ğrencilerinin din psikolojisine y&amp;ouml;nelik tutumları &amp;ldquo;yaş, sınıf d&amp;uuml;zeyi, &amp;ouml;ğrenim t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;, ilahiyat fak&amp;uuml;ltesini tercih etme sebebi&amp;rdquo; değişkenlerine g&amp;ouml;re anlamlı d&amp;uuml;zeyde farklılaşmazken; &amp;ldquo;cinsiyet, akademik başarı d&amp;uuml;zeyi, din psikolojisi dersindeki başarı d&amp;uuml;zeyi ve genel psikoloji ve konularına ilgi duyma d&amp;uuml;zeyi&amp;rdquo; değişkenlerine g&amp;ouml;re anlamlı d&amp;uuml;zeyde farklılaştığı sonucu elde edilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;The Psychology of Religion course in Faculties of Theology is one of the departments under the Department of Philosophy and Religious Sciences. His research area deals with the effects of religiosity, which constitutes the subjective aspect of religion, on individual psychology, as well as emotions, thoughts, attitudes and behaviors originating from religion. During theology education, positive student attitudes towards the psychology of religion course can be observed due to different reasons, as well as negative attitudes. Students of the faculty of theology, who will undertake both religious services and religious education activities after graduation, need to be able to analyze the psychological structures of individuals and groups well while providing services. In order for them to provide more healthy and efficient services, their approach to the psychology of religion course, which is included in the curriculum during their education at the faculties of theology, is important. This study was conducted during the 2023-2024 academic year with the participation of 305 students of the faculty of theology, including 218 women and 87 men, who are studying at the Faculty of Theology of S&amp;uuml;leyman Demirel University, who have previously taken the psychology of religion course and are taking it during the research period&lt;strong&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt;The research was approved by the ... University Ethics Committee&amp;hellip;. According to the decision no. dated&amp;hellip;, the study was deemed appropriate and approved for the study. Data were collected by reaching the participants online via Google.forms and using random sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0 program. In the study, the Personal Information Form prepared by the researcher and the Attitude Scale towards the Psychology of Religion Course were applied to the participants. According to the data obtained from the research, while the attitudes of the students participating in the research towards the psychology of religion did not differ significantly according to the variables "age, grade level, type of education, reason for choosing the faculty of theology"; It was concluded that there was a significant difference according to the variables "gender, academic success level, success level in the psychology of religion course and level of interest in general psychology and its subjects."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=77935</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 1[121-137]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/184</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur’an’ı Kerim’deki ilgili Ayetler Bağlamında Romantik Kıskançlığa ve Kardeş Kıskançlığına dair Psikolojik bir değerlendirme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Psychological Evaluation of Romantic Jealousy and Sibling Jealousy in the Context of the Relevant Verses in the Holy Quran]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hatice ACAR ÇINAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Kur’an, Kıskançlık, Kıskançlık Çeşitleri, Haset]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Quran, Jealousy, Types of Jea-lousy, Envy]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı, Kuran&amp;rsquo;da ge&amp;ccedil;en kardeş kıskan&amp;ccedil;lığı ve romantik kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık ile ilgili &amp;ouml;rnekleri psikoloji a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirmektir. Bilindiği &amp;uuml;zere kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık, kişinin elindekine sahip &amp;ccedil;ıkmak i&amp;ccedil;in verdiği m&amp;uuml;cadeledir. Herkeste var olan bir duygudur. Psikolojinin de &amp;ouml;nemsediği kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık duygusu, ilişkiler &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkisi hasebiyle irdelenmiştir. Kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık, Din psikolojisi literat&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;nde ise yeni yeni g&amp;uuml;ndem oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, &amp;ccedil;alışmamızda romantik kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık ve kardeş kıskan&amp;ccedil;lığı, Kur&amp;rsquo;an bağlamında psikoloji perspektifinden irdelenmiştir. Y&amp;ouml;ntem olarak dok&amp;uuml;man analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan kavram ve literat&amp;uuml;r incelenmesi neticesinde ise şu sonu&amp;ccedil;lara ulaşılmıştır: Arap&amp;ccedil;a&amp;rsquo;da &amp;ldquo;gayret&amp;rdquo; kelimesiyle &amp;ouml;rt&amp;uuml;şen kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık, elindekini tehditler karşısında koruma m&amp;uuml;cadelesini ifade etmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;oğunlukla hasetle birlikte kullanılsa da ondan farklıdır. Kuran&amp;rsquo;ı Kerim&amp;rsquo;de gayret anlamında kıskan&amp;ccedil;lığın birebir ge&amp;ccedil;mediği g&amp;ouml;zlenmiştir. Olgu olarak ise Kuran&amp;rsquo;da &amp;ccedil;ok&amp;ccedil;a işlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Hz. Adem-İblis, Gayretullah, eşler ve kardeşler arasındaki kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık bunlar arasında zikredilebilir. Ancak psikolojinin &amp;ccedil;alışma maksadı gereği &amp;ccedil;alışmamızda, &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;eşler ve kardeşler arası ilişkiler bağlamında tecr&amp;uuml;be edilen kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık duygusuna yer verilmiştir. Buna g&amp;ouml;re Habil ve Kabil, Yusuf ve kardeşleri arasındaki ilişkilerde kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık numunelerine rastlanmıştır. Bu &amp;ouml;rneklerde kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık duygusunun yanı sıra haset duygusunun da var olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu da, kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık ve haset duygularının birbirine yakın duygular olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Yine peygamberlerin eşleriyle ilgili yaşadıkları kıskan&amp;ccedil;lık konusunda Hz. Sare ve Hacer, Hz. Aişe ve Hafsa&amp;rsquo;nın kıskan&amp;ccedil;lıkları &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkmaktadır. Burada da yer yer haset duygularının olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The aim of this study is to evaluate examples of sibling jealousy and romantic jealousy mentioned in the Quran from a psychological perspective. As it is known, jealousy is the struggle to protect what one has. It is an emotion present in everyone. The emotion of jealousy, which is also emphasized by psychology, has been examined due to its impact on relationships. In the literature of psychology of religion, jealousy is only recently becoming a topic of interest. Therefore, in our study, romantic jealousy and sibling jealousy have been examined in the context of the Quran from a psychological perspective. Document analysis was used as the method. As a result of the conceptual and literature review, the following conclusions were reached: Jealousy, which corresponds to the word "ghayrah" in Arabic, represents the struggle to protect what one has against threats. Although often used together with envy, it is different from it. It has been observed that the concept of jealousy, in the sense of "ghayrah," is not directly mentioned in the Quran. However, as a phenomenon, it is frequently addressed in the Quran. Jealousy among spouses and siblings, such as that between Adam and Iblis, and the jealousy of God, can be cited among these. However, due to the objective of psychology, our study focuses on the emotion of jealousy experienced in the context of relationships between spouses and siblings. Accordingly, examples of jealousy have been found in the relationships between Abel and Cain and between Joseph and his brothers. It has been determined that, alongside the emotion of jealousy, the emotion of envy is also present in these examples. This indicates that jealousy and envy are closely related emotions. Again, regarding the jealousy experienced by the prophets with their wives, the jealousy of Sarah and Hagar, and the jealousy of Aisha and Hafsa, are prominent. Here, too, the presence of envy can occasionally be observed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=77934</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 2[217-236]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/185</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İnteraktif Nüzul]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Interactive Revelation]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdulkerim BİNGÖL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Kur’an, Vahiy, İnsan, İnteraktif Nüzul, Teşri]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Qur'an, Revelation, Human, Interactive Revelation, Legislation.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk173866697;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;İslam inancına g&amp;ouml;re k&amp;acirc;inat ve i&amp;ccedil;indeki varlıklar Allah tarafından yaratılmıştır. Dolayısıyla O, alemin mutlak h&amp;acirc;kimi ve belirleyicisidir. Bununla birlikte Allah, alemi yaratılmışların varlıklarını s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;rmesine uygun şekilde dizayn etmiştir. Diğer varlıklardan &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml;n kıldığı, d&amp;uuml;nyada fail konumda inşa ettiği insanı akıl, irade ve ilah ile kul arasındaki aktif iletişimi ifade eden vahiy marifetiyle yaşamını ikame etmesini kolaylaştırmıştır. Allah vahiy ile aleme m&amp;uuml;dahil, y&amp;ouml;nlendirici olurken, kul da akıl ve irade melekesi sayesinde arzularının, taleplerinin karşılanmasını yoluna başvuragelmiştir. Bu bağlamda sema ile yer arasında aktif iletişimin ismi olan vahyin aşkın, beşer &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml; boyutu &amp;ouml;nem arz ettiği gibi onun muhatabı olan insanın algısı, dili de &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. Son ilahi mesaj olan Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;ın n&amp;uuml;zul s&amp;uuml;recinde, indiği d&amp;ouml;nemin koşullarının ve muhataplarının taleplerinin ayetlerin i&amp;ccedil;eriğine yansıma vaziyeti &amp;ccedil;alışmanın konusu olarak belirlenmiştir. Nitekim Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;ın muhtevasının aşkın ve beşer&amp;icirc; boyutu arasındaki etkileşimin belirlenmesi vahyin mahiyetini ortaya koymada &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. Bu hususuyla konu, ayetlerin i&amp;ccedil;eriğini şekillendirmede etkisi bulunan soru-cevaplar, muhataplarının durumunu veya taleplerini yansıtan ayetlerin incelenmesiyle sınırlandırılmıştır. Bunun i&amp;ccedil;in ilk başta zikredilen niteliğe binaen nazil olan ayetler belirlenmiştir. Akabinde bu m&amp;uuml;lahaza doğrultusunda tefsir eserleri ile ayetlerin n&amp;uuml;zul&amp;uuml;ne dair bilgiler i&amp;ccedil;eren diğer kaynaklar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca mevzuya dair yazılan tarihi kaynaklardaki veriler de taranarak ilgili bilgiler analiz ve değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulmuştur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;According to Islamic belief, the universe and its contents were created by Allah, who is therefore the absolute ruler and determiner of the world. Moreover, Allah has designed the universe in a way that allows created beings to sustain their existence. Superior to other beings and positioned as the active agent in the world, humans have been facilitated in maintaining their lives through revelation, which represents active communication between the divine and the servant. While Allah intervenes and guides the world through revelation, humans have sought to fulfill their desires and needs through their faculty of reason.In this context, the transcendent, superhuman dimension of revelation is significant, as is the perception and language of the human recipients. This study focuses on how the conditions of the period and the demands of its recipients influenced the content of the verses during the revelation process of the Qur'an, the final divine message. Identifying the interaction between the transcendent and human dimensions of the Qur'an's content is crucial for understanding the nature of revelation.Thus, the study is limited to examining verses influenced by questions and answers, reflecting the conditions or demands of the recipients in shaping the content. To this end, verses revealed with these characteristics were first identified. Subsequently, exegetical works and other sources containing information about the context of the revelations were examined. Furthermore, relevant data from historical sources on the subject were analyzed and evaluated. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=77798</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 3[351-369]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/186</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Dini Tebliğ ve Temsil Edenlerin Dindarlık Algısı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Perception of Piety in Terms of Presenting and Representing ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Şemseddin KIRIŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Serkan DİLEK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Dindarlık, Sekülerlik, Din Öğretimi, Dinî Örneklik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tradition, Piety, Secularity, Pietyc Education, Pietyc Exemplary]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Multidisipliner bir perspektiften tamamlanış olan bu araştırmanın amacı, dini temsil konumunda olanların din algısında yaşanan değişimi ortaya koymaktır. Omuzlarında dini ve ahlaki değerleri topluma benimsetme g&amp;ouml;revi bulunanların değerler d&amp;uuml;nyasındaki değişim s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerine ne kadar hazırlıklı oldukları, bu araştırmanın konusu değildir. Bu araştırmanın asıl konusu bu değişim s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinin dini temsil edenleri ne kadar etkilediği idi. Araştırmamızda dini temsil edenlerdeki sek&amp;uuml;lerleşme oranının y&amp;uuml;ksek olacağı hipotezimizden yola &amp;ccedil;ıkmıştık. Dini temsil etme ve topluma benimsetmekle g&amp;ouml;revli olanların değerler d&amp;uuml;nyasında değişim yaşamakla birlikte gelenekten gelen tutumlarını b&amp;uuml;sb&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n kaybetmedikleri şeklinde &amp;ouml;zetlenebilecek bir sonu&amp;ccedil;la karşılaştık. Dindarlık insanın i&amp;ccedil; d&amp;uuml;nyasında yeşeren ve gelişen toplumla desteklenmesi gereken bir s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;tir. Din sadece inan&amp;ccedil; sistemi ve onun uygulanması değil aynı zamanda bir sosyal alışkanlık ve birlikte yaşama k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;r. Birlikte yaşama k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;rebilirliği dini tebliğ ve temsil konumunda olanların dindarlık algısı ile ilgilidir. Dini insanlara anlatmak ve sunmakla g&amp;ouml;revli ilim adamları ve g&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ll&amp;uuml;ler birlikte yaşama becerisinin toplum tarafından kazanılmasında ve uygulanmasında hayati rol &amp;uuml;stlenmiş kişilerdir. Onların toplumu kaynaştırma ve birlikte yaşatma g&amp;ouml;revi dindarlığın &amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;msenmesi, toplumun maşeri vicdanına oturması ve hayatın b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n sahalarında tezah&amp;uuml;r etmesi a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;nemlidir. Dijitalleşme sonrası evrede modernleşme, bireyin konforu dışında bir değeri fiili olarak tanımaması gibi bir sonucu doğurmuştur. Halkın ve yetişmekte olan gen&amp;ccedil;liğin ruhundaki yaraya merhem olacak kuşatıcı, ruh ve beden sağlığını kollayıcı, insanı ve toplumu koruyucu bir din dili inşasına zemin hazırlayacak din tebliğcileri yetişmiyorsa dinin ve birlikte yaşama m&amp;uuml;şterek gayesinin geleceği konusunda kaygı duymayı gerekli kılacak bir durumdan s&amp;ouml;z edilebilir. Dindarlığın &amp;uuml;lke &amp;ccedil;apında g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lenmesi, bilgi edinmenin yanında dinin gereklerinin uygulanmasını ve bu uygulamaların toplumsal alanlarda tezah&amp;uuml;r etmesini gerektirmektedir. Modernleşme sonrası d&amp;ouml;nemde dinin temsili ve din g&amp;ouml;revlisinin dindarlığı, &amp;uuml;zerinde daha &amp;ccedil;ok sayıda araştırma yapılması ve tartışılması gereken bir başlık olma hususiyetini devam ettirecek g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;nmektedir.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;The aim of this research, which was completed from a multidisciplinary perspective, is to reveal the change in the perception of religion of those who are in a position to represent religion. It is not the subject of this research how prepared those who have the responsibility of imposing religious and moral values on society are for the change processes in the world of values. The main subject of this research was how much these change processes affected those who represent religion. In our research, we set out from our hypothesis that the rate of secularization among those who represent religion would be high. We came across a result that can be summarized as follows: Those who are responsible for representing the religion and making it accepted by the society are experiencing changes in the world of values, but they have not completely lost their traditional attitudes. Religiousness is a process that flourishes in a person's inner world and must be supported by a developing society. Religion is not only a belief system and its practice, but also a social habit and a culture of living together. The sustainability of the culture of living together is related to the perception of religiosity of those who are in a position to convey and represent religion. Scientists and volunteers who are responsible for explaining and presenting religion to people are people who play a vital role in the society's acquisition and implementation of the ability to live together. Their duty to integrate society and make people live together is important in terms of assimilating religiosity, establishing it in the social conscience of the society, and manifesting it in all areas of life. Modernization in the post-digitalization phase has resulted in the individual not actually recognizing any value other than his comfort. If religious preachers who will be a balm for the wound in the souls of the people and the growing youth, who will pave the way for the construction of a religious language that is encompassing, protective of mental and physical health, and protective of people and society are not trained, it can be said that there is a situation that will make it necessary to worry about the future of religion and the common goal of living together. Strengthening religiosity throughout the country requires implementing the requirements of religion in addition to acquiring knowledge and manifesting these practices in social areas. In the post-modernization period, the representation of religion and the religiosity of the religious official seem to continue to be a topic that requires more research and discussion.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=77082</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 4[545-563]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/187</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Yaşam Sorunları ile Mücadele Sürecinde Manevi Başa Çıkma Yöntemleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Spiritual Coping Methods in the Process of Struggling with Life Problems]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdullah Ensar UZUN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psikoloji bilimi, yaşam sorunları, mücadele, maneviyat, manevi yöntemler, başa çıkma]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychological science, life problems, struggle, spirituality, spiritual methods, coping]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk167282806"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;Bu araştırma bireylerin yaşam sorunları ile m&amp;uuml;cadele s&amp;uuml;recinde manevi başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerini incelemek i&amp;ccedil;in ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&amp;Ouml;rneklem grubu toplam 30 yetişkin bireylerden oluşmaktadır. Bunların 15 tanesi kadın ve 15 tanesi erkektir. &amp;Ouml;rneklem grubunda yer alan bireylerin yaşları 22 ile 65 arasında değişmektedir. Katılımcıların eğitim d&amp;uuml;zeyi ilkokul, ortaokul, lise ve &amp;uuml;niversite olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi i&amp;ccedil;in katılımcılardan derinlemesine bilgi toplamak amacı ile nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi olan fenomenoloji desen tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma i&amp;ccedil;in etik kurul onayı ve gerekli izinler araştırmacı tarafından alınmıştır. Gerekli izinler alındıktan sonra veri toplama s&amp;uuml;recine ge&amp;ccedil;ilmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formları aracılığı ile katılımcılar ile y&amp;uuml;z y&amp;uuml;ze g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;lerek veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi y&amp;ouml;ntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. &lt;a name="_Hlk167283263"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Bulgular farklı kategorilerde gruplandırılmıştır. Bunlar yaşam sorunları, duygular, dini inancın gereğini yerine getirme, manevi başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma yolları, manevi iyileşmeyi sağlayan unsurlar ve iyileşme sonrası oluşan duygular olarak tespit edilmiştir. Analiz &amp;ccedil;alışmaları sonucunda yaşam sorunları kategorisinde en fazla frekansa sahip olan sorun ekonomik zorluklar, zorluklar karşısında en fazla umutsuzluk duygusu, manevi inancın gereğini yerine getirme kategorisinde dua etmek, manevi iyileşmeyi sağlayan unsurlar kategorisinde aile ile zaman ge&amp;ccedil;irmek ve iyileşme sonucu oluşan duygular kategorisinde rahatlama kodlarının en fazla frekansa sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen t&amp;uuml;m bulgular araştırmacı tarafından sonu&amp;ccedil; b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;nde değerlendirilmiştir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 6.0pt -.1pt .0001pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;This research was carried out to examine individuals' spiritual coping methods in the process of struggling with life problems. The sample group consists of a total of 30 adult individuals. 15 of them are women and 15 are men. The ages of the individuals in the sample group range between 22 and 65. The education level of the participants was determined as primary school, secondary school, high school and university. For the research method, phenomenology pattern, which is a qualitative research method, was preferred in order to collect in-depth information from the participants. After ethics committee approval and necessary permissions were obtained for the research, the data collection process began. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews with the participants through semi-structured interview forms prepared by the researchers. The data of the research were analyzed using the content analysis method. The findings are grouped into different categories. These have been identified as life problems, emotions, fulfilling the requirements of religious belief, spiritual coping methods, elements that provide spiritual healing, and emotions that occur after recovery. As a result of the analysis studies, the problem with the highest frequency in the category of life problems is economic difficulties, the feeling of hopelessness in the face of difficulties is the most common, praying is in the category of fulfilling the requirements of spiritual belief, spending time with family is in the category of elements that provide spiritual healing, and relaxation codes are the most in the category of emotions resulting from recovery. It was found that the frequency All findings obtained were evaluated by the researcher in the conclusion section.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=76818</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 20 Issue 3[1469-1486]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/188</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Erzurum’da Yaşayan Alevîlerin Geçiş Dönemi ve Doğa Kültü ile İlgili Uygulamaları ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Practıces of the Alevıs Lıvıng in Erzurum Regardıng the Transıtıonal Perıod and the Cult of Nature]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Lokman KILAVUZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Mezhepler Tarihi, Erzurum, Alevîler, geçiş dönemi, uygulama]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Sects, Erzurum, Alevis, transition period, practice.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Erzurum y&amp;ouml;resinde yaşayan ve Alev&amp;icirc; geleneğe mensup bireylerin ge&amp;ccedil;iş d&amp;ouml;nemi uygulamalarını ve doğa k&amp;uuml;ltlerini ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarmayı hedeflemiştir. Bu ama&amp;ccedil; doğrultusunda, topluluğun ortak k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; i&amp;ccedil;indeki değerlerinin, davranışlarının, inan&amp;ccedil;larının ve ibadetlerinin tanımlandığı ve yorumlandığı etnografik y&amp;ouml;nteme dayalı bir nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcı grubu, Erzurum ilindeki &amp;ccedil;eşitli il&amp;ccedil;e ve k&amp;ouml;ylerde yaşayan Alev&amp;icirc;lerden oluşmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, belirlenen 9 il&amp;ccedil;e (Aşkale, &amp;Ccedil;at, Hınıs, Horasan, K&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml;k&amp;ouml;y, Olur, Pasinler, Şenkaya, Tekman) ve 20 k&amp;ouml;yde bulunan Alev&amp;icirc; dedeler ve taliplerle &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. Katılımcılara yarı yapılandırılmış g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formu uygulanmış ve bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te elde edilen veriler kaydedilmiştir. Araştırma sonu&amp;ccedil;ları, g&amp;ouml;zlem, saha notları ve uygulanan g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formu aracılığıyla elde edilen veriler i&amp;ccedil;erik analizi y&amp;ouml;ntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Y&amp;ouml;re Alev&amp;icirc;lerinin bazı kişisel ve toplumsal konumlarının değiştiği &amp;ouml;nemli d&amp;ouml;nemlerde kendilerine &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml; t&amp;ouml;ren ve uygulamalar yaptığı g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Ancak bu t&amp;ouml;renlerde il&amp;ccedil;e ve k&amp;ouml;yler arasında &amp;ouml;nemli farklılık ve uygulamaların olduğu g&amp;ouml;zlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca y&amp;ouml;rede yaşayan Alev&amp;icirc;lerin ge&amp;ccedil;im kaynaklarının daha &amp;ccedil;ok tarım ve hayvancılığa dayalı olması sebebiyle bazı dağ, tepe, taş ve su kaynaklarına &amp;ouml;zel anlam ve kutsallık y&amp;uuml;kledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada elde edilen verilerin genelde Anadolu Alev&amp;icirc;liği, &amp;ouml;zelde ise Erzurum y&amp;ouml;resinde yaşayan Alev&amp;icirc;lerin doğru bir şekilde tanınmasına katkı sağlayacağı d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;lmektedir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;This study aimed to reveal the transition period practices and nature cults of individuals living in the Erzurum region and belonging to the Alevi tradition. For this purpose, a qualitative research design based on the ethnographic method was used, in which the values, behaviors, beliefs and worship of the community within the common culture are defined and interpreted. The participant group of the research consists of Alevis living in various districts and villages in Erzurum province. In this context, Alevi dedes and disciples in 9 districts (Aşkale, &amp;Ccedil;at, Hınıs, Horasan, K&amp;ouml;pr&amp;uuml;k&amp;ouml;y, Olur, Pasinler, Şenkaya, Tekman) and 20 villages were studied. A semi-structured interview form was applied to the participants and the data obtained during this process was recorded. The data obtained through research results, observations, field notes and the applied interview form were evaluated using the content analysis method. It has been observed that the local Alevis had their own unique ceremonies and practices in important periods when some of their personal and social positions changed. However, it has been observed that there are significant differences and practices between districts and villages in these ceremonies. In addition, it has been determined that the Alevis living in the region attach special meaning and sanctity to some mountains, hills, stones and water resources, since their livelihoods are mostly based on agriculture and animal husbandry. It is thought that the data obtained in this study will contribute to the accurate recognition of Anatolian Alevism in general and the Alevis living in the Erzurum region in particular.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=76629</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 4[519-544]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/189</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kutsal Mekan Ziyaretlerinin Manevi Etkileri: Pisidia Antiokheia Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Spiritual Effects of Visiting Sacred Places: The Case of Pisidia Antiocheia]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed TOSUN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Kutsal Mekan, Maneviyat, Turist, Pisidia Antiokheia]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Sacred Place, Spirituality, Tourist, Pisidia Antiocheia]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu araştırma Pisidia Antiokheia&amp;rsquo;yı ziyaret eden yabancı turistlerin seyahat motivasyonlarını, kutsal mekan algılarını, ziyaret sırasında hissettikleri manevi deneyimlerini ve ziyaretten duyulan tatmin ve memnuniyet duygularını tespit etmek amacıyla olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılarak ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemi kullanılarak ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilen ve 20 yabancı turist ile yapılan g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şmelerde katılımcıların Pisidia Antiokheia&amp;rsquo;yı ziyaret etmelerini etkileyen fakt&amp;ouml;rler incelenmiştir. Katılımcıların ziyaret nedenlerinin belirlenmesinde manevi ihtiya&amp;ccedil; ve beklentilerin &amp;ouml;ncelikli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Pisidia Antiokheia hakkında bilgi edinme kaynaklarının başında ise aile ve arkadaşlar &amp;ouml;nemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Pisidia Antiokheia&amp;rsquo;nın &amp;ouml;nemine ilişkin algılamalarında dinin ve St. Paul&amp;rsquo;un katkısının &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Ziyaretin manevi etkilerine ilişkin bulgularda tarih ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel bağlam, maneviyat ve dini deneyim, zihinsel ve duygusal etkiler şeklinde belirlenen &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; ana temaya ait toplamda yedi alt tema belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara g&amp;ouml;re Pisidia Antiokheia ziyaretleri, dini ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel deneyimlere odaklanmıştır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle Aziz Paul&amp;rsquo;un burada yaptığı vaazlar, ziyaret&amp;ccedil;iler i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ouml;nemli bir manevi referans noktasıdır. Pisidia Antiokheia ziyaret&amp;ccedil;ilerine tarihi ve manevi bir atmosfer sunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla katılımcılar burada ge&amp;ccedil;mişin ruhunu hissetmekte ve manevi bir deneyim yaşadıklarını dile getirmektedir. Bununla birlikte bazı katılımcılar i&amp;ccedil;in manevi deneyim ikinci plandadır. Onlar i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ouml;nemli olan Pisidia Antiokheia&amp;rsquo;nın tarihi ve doğal g&amp;uuml;zellikleridir. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak Pisidia Antiokheia&amp;rsquo;yı ziyaret eden yabancı turistlerin tecr&amp;uuml;beleri, ge&amp;ccedil;mişin ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n derinliklerine yapılan bir yolculuğu ve manevi bir keşif s&amp;uuml;recini yansıtmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;This study was conducted using the phenomenological design to determine the travel motivations, perceptions of sacred places, spiritual experiences during the visit, and feelings of satisfaction and contentment among foreign tourists visiting Pisidia Antiocheia. Employing a qualitative research method, interviews were conducted with 20 foreign tourists to examine the factors influencing their visits to Pisidia Antiocheia. It was found that spiritual needs and expectations were prioritized in determining the reasons for participants&amp;rsquo; visits. Family and friends played a significant role as sources of information about Pisidia Antiocheia. Perceptions of the importance of Pisidia Antiocheia were notably influenced by religion and the contributions of St. Paul. Regarding the spiritual effects of the visit, seven sub-themes were identified under three main themes: historical and cultural context, spirituality and religious experience, and cognitive and emotional effects. Findings suggest that visits to Pisidia Antiocheia are focused on religious and cultural experiences. Particularly, the sermons of St. Paul served as significant spiritual reference points for visitors. Pisidia Antiocheia offers visitors a historical and spiritual atmosphere, allowing them to feel the spirit of the past and experience spiritual moments. However, for some participants, spiritual experience takes a back seat, with the historical and natural beauty of Pisidia Antiocheia being more significant. In conclusion, the experiences of foreign tourists visiting Pisidia Antiocheia reflect a journey into the depths of history and culture, embodying a spiritual quest for discovery.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=76500</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 4[621-644]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/190</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Meyyit Kavramının Etimolojik ve Semantik Yönden İncelenmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Etymological and Semantic Analysis of the Concept of “Meyyit”]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hamit SALİHOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Belagatı, Etimolojik, Meyyit, Kur’ân, Anlam.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Etymological, “Meyyit”, Quran, Meaning.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Arap dili, &amp;ccedil;ok geniş bir dildir. Bu nedenle Arap&amp;ccedil;a, kelime ve kavramlar y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nden &amp;ccedil;ok zengin bir dil olmuştur. Bu dilin sahip olduğu &amp;ouml;zellik ve incelikleri iyi bir şekilde anlayabilmek i&amp;ccedil;in ona ait olan kelime ve kavramları geniş bir şekilde ele alıp tahlil etmek gerekir. Diller bazı y&amp;ouml;nleriyle canlı varlıklara benzemektedir. Canlı varlıklar zamandan, mek&amp;acirc;ndan, &amp;ccedil;evresel ve dışsal fakt&amp;ouml;rlerden etkilenip zamanla değişmeye uğradığı gibi diller de aynı şekilde zaman, mek&amp;acirc;n, diğer dillerle olan iletişim ve etkileşim gibi &amp;ccedil;evresel ve dışsal fakt&amp;ouml;rlerden etkilenmekte ve buna bağlı olarak da bazı değişim ve d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;mlere uğramaktadır. Bu değişim ve d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m zamanla kelime ve kavramların yeni anlamlar kazanmaları, anlamlarında daralma, genişleme, anlam kayması gibi farklı şekillerde tezah&amp;uuml;r etmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada m-v-t k&amp;ouml;k harflerinden t&amp;uuml;reyen ve temel İsl&amp;acirc;m bilimlerine ait pek &amp;ccedil;ok kaynakta ge&amp;ccedil;en meyyit kelimesi, etimolojik ve gramer y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nden ele alınıp analiz edildikten sonra k&amp;ouml;k harflerinde bu kelimeyle ortak olan diğer bazı kelime ve kavramlar da l&amp;uuml;gat ve terim y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nden geniş bir şekilde ele alınıp incelenmiştir. Bunun ardından da meyyit (مَيِّت) kelimesinin, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m, hadis, Arap şiiri, fıkıh ve tefsir kaynaklarında hangi anlamlarda kullanıldığı geniş bir şekilde ortaya konmuştur. B&amp;ouml;ylece bu kavramın geniş yelpazedeki anlam &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesi b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n y&amp;ouml;nleriyle iyi bir şekilde &amp;ccedil;izilmiştir. Dil ve l&amp;uuml;gatle ilgili kaynaklarda yapılan araştırmalarda tekil bir isim olan meyyit (مَيِّت) kelimesinin, s&amp;ouml;zl&amp;uuml;kte &amp;ldquo;&amp;ouml;lm&amp;uuml;ş olan, &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;ml&amp;uuml; olan, hayatta olan, hen&amp;uuml;z &amp;ouml;lmeyen fakat &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml; yakın olan kişi, &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml; h&amp;uuml;km&amp;uuml;nde olup yaşayan kişi&amp;rdquo; manalara geldiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Bu kavramın kendisinden t&amp;uuml;rediği مَاتَ kelimesi de Arap dilinde pek &amp;ccedil;ok manaya gelmektedir. &amp;ldquo;&amp;Ouml;lmek, durmak, &amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;mek, uyumak, Hakka boyun eğmek, s&amp;ouml;nmek, kapanmak-kesilmek ve g&amp;uuml;nah işlemek&amp;rdquo; bu fiilin geldiği ger&amp;ccedil;ek ve yan anlamlardan bazılarıdır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Arabic language is a very broad language. For this reason, Arabic has become a very rich language in terms of words and concepts. In order to better understand the features and subtleties of this language, it is necessary to comprehensively examine and analyze the words and concepts belonging to it. Languages are similar to living beings in some aspects. Just as living beings are affected by time, space, environmental and external factors and change over time, languages are also affected by environmental and external factors such as time, space, communication and interaction with other languages, and accordingly, they undergo some changes and transformations. This change and transformation manifests itself in different ways, such as words and concepts gaining new meanings over time, narrowing, expanding, and shifting meanings. In this context, in this study, the word meyyit, which is derived from the root letters m-v-t and is mentioned in many sources of basic Islamic sciences, is discussed and analyzed in terms of etymology and grammar, and some other words and concepts that are common with this word in its root letters are also discussed in a broad way in terms of dictionary and terminology. has been examined. Following this, the meanings of the word dead (مَيِّت) in the Holy Quran, hadith, Arabic poetry, fiqh and tafsir sources have been revealed in detail. Thus, the wide range of meaning framework of this concept has been well drawn in all its aspects. In the research conducted in the sources related to language and dictionary, it is seen that the word meyyit (مَيِّت), which is a singular noun, means "dead, mortal, alive, not yet dead but whose death is near, person who is considered dead but alive" in the dictionary. The word مَاتَ, from which this concept is derived, has many meanings in the Arabic language. &amp;ldquo;Dying, stopping, decaying, sleeping, submitting to God, extinguishing, shutting down and committing sin&amp;rdquo; are some of the literal and connotative meanings of this verb.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=76323</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 3[405-420]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/191</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İskenderiye Hristiyan Okulu’nun Hristiyanlık Üzerindeki Etkisi: Birinci İznik ve Birinci İstanbul Konsilleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Impact of the Christian School of Alexandria on Christianity: The First Councils of Nicaea and the First Councils of Istanbul ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nesim AYTEPE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dinler Tarihi, İskenderiye, İskenderiye Hıristiyan Okulu, Hıristiyanlık, Teslis, Birinci İznik Konsili, Birinci İstanbul Konsili. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Religions, Alexandria, Alexandria Christian School, Christianity, Trinity, First Council of Nicaea, First Council of Istanbul.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Stratejik konumu, zengin kültürel ve entelektüel mirası sayesinde İskenderiye, bilim, felsefe ve inancın kesiştiği antik çağın en önemli merkezlerinden biri olarak bilinmektedir. Bu zengin birikim sayesinde şehir, daha sonra kurulacak olan İskenderiye Okulu için sağlam bir temel oluşturmuştur. Okul, bilim, felsefe ve din gibi çeşitli alanlarda önemli katkılarda bulunmuş, hem entelektüel hem de kurumsal bir yapı inşa etmiştir. İskenderiye Okulu kendisinden sonra gelen birçok eğitim kurumu için model olmuş, farklı din ve inanç sistemlerine sahip toplulukların kendi okullarını kurmalarında teşvik edici bir misyon üstlenmiştir. Bu kurumlardan birisi de Hıristiyan düşüncesinin gelişiminde merkezi bir rol oynayan İskenderiye Hıristiyan Okuludur. Antik dönem İskenderiye Okulunun kültürel ve medolojik mirası üzerine kurulmuş olan İskenderiye Hıristiyan Okulu, Hıristiyan inancının dinamiklerini referans alımıştır. İskenderiye Okulunun oluşturduğu zengin kültürel ortamdan etkilenen bu okul, Hıristiyan tarihi ve teolojisi üzerinde önemli bir etki bırakmıştır. Bu çalışma, İskenderiye Hıristiyan Okulunun Hıristiyanlık doktrinlerinin şekillenmesindeki merkezi rolünü ve bu süreçte Birinci İznik ve İstanbul Konsilleri ile olan ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. İznik Konsili ve İstanbul Konsili, Hıristiyan inancının temel öğretilerini belirlemiş, özellikle teslis doktrinin resmi olarak kabu edilmesinde kritik roller oynamıştır. Bu çalışma, söz konusu okulun, Hıristiyan teolojisinin ve özellikle teslis doktrininin resmi kabulünde oynadığı kritik rolü detaylı bir şekilde analiz etmeyi hedeflemektedir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Thanks to its strategic location and rich cultural and intellectual heritage, Alexandria is known as one of the most important centres of antiquity where science, philosophy and faith intersected. Thanks to this rich accumulation, the city formed a solid foundation for the Alexandrian School, which would later be founded. The school made important contributions in various fields such as science, philosophy and religion, and built both an intellectual and institutional structure. The Alexandrian School became a model for many educational institutions that came after it and undertook an encouraging mission for communities of different religions and belief systems to establish their own schools. One of these institutions was the Christian School of Alexandria, which played a central role in the development of Christian thought. Founded on the cultural and medological heritage of the ancient Alexandrian School, the Alexandrian Christian School took the dynamics of the Christian faith as a reference. Influenced by the rich cultural environment created by the Alexandrian School, this school has left a significant impact on Christian history and theology. This study aims to examine the central role of the Christian School of Alexandria in the shaping of Christian doctrines and its relationship with the First Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople. The Council of Nicaea and the Council of Constantinople determined the basic doctrines of the Christian faith and played critical roles, especially in the official acceptance of the doctrine of the Trinity. This study aims to analyse in detail the critical role played by this school in the official acceptance of Christian theology, especially the doctrine of the Trinity.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=76025</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 2[211-228]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/192</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Gerevî’nin Sa‘dullâh es-Sağîr’in Hâşiyesi Bağlamında Sa‘dullâh el-Berde‘î ve Hâmid es-Sûsî’ye Yaptığı Eleştiriler]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Critiques by Gerevî towards Sa‘dullâh el-Berde‘î and Hâmid el-Sûsî in the Context of Sa‘dullâh es-Sağîr’s Commentary]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mahmut TEKİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet TEKİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arapça, el-‘Avâmilu’l-Mie, Sa‘dullâh el-Berde‘î, Hâmid es-Sûsî, Gerevî. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic, el-‘Avâmilu’l-Mie, Sa‘dullâh el-Berde‘î, Hâmid es-Sûsî, Gerevî. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ahmed b. Muhammed b. D&amp;acirc;v&amp;ucirc;d b. Muhammed el-Gerev&amp;icirc;, Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h el-Berde&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h es-sağ&amp;icirc;r&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;ini&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;ilim &amp;ccedil;evresinde b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir tevecc&amp;uuml;h g&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; m&amp;uuml;lahaza ederek ona bir h&amp;acirc;şiye kaleme almıştır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmamızın ana konusunu teşkil eden Gerev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin mezk&amp;ucirc;r h&amp;acirc;şiyesi, onun en meşhur eserlerindendir. H&amp;acirc;şiyesinin en bariz &amp;ouml;zelliği, baştan sona eleştirel bir &amp;uuml;slup takınmasıdır. Ayrıca Gerev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &lt;em&gt;Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h es-sağ&amp;icirc;r&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;deki problemlerin tespiti ve ilgili sorunlara y&amp;ouml;nelik &amp;ccedil;&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;m &amp;ouml;nerilerindeki ikna kabiliyeti g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; analizini ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıkarmaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın temel amacı, Gerev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin h&amp;acirc;şiyesindeki Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h el-Berde&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc; ve H&amp;acirc;mid es-S&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;ye y&amp;ouml;nelik tenkitlerin ortak &amp;ouml;zelliklerini tespit etmek ve s&amp;ouml;z konusu eleştirileri sebepleriyle beraber ortaya koymaktır. &amp;Ccedil;alışmamızın giriş kısmında &lt;em&gt;el-&amp;lsquo;Av&amp;acirc;milu&amp;rsquo;l-mie&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h es-sağ&amp;icirc;r&lt;/em&gt; ve Gerev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin h&amp;acirc;şiyesi hakkında kısa bir bilgi verilmiştir. Gerev&amp;icirc;, şimdiye kadar yurt i&amp;ccedil;i ve yurt dışında hi&amp;ccedil;bir akademik &amp;ccedil;alışmaya konu olmadığından hayatı, eserleri ve ailesine değinilmiştir. Daha sonra Gerev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h el-Berde&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc; ve H&amp;acirc;mid es-S&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;ye yaptığı eleştirilerin konu ve nedenleri araştırılarak başlıklar halinde aktarılmıştır. O, eleştirilerini g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; kanıtlarla destekleyerek okuyucuyu ikna kabiliyetine sahip ender şahsiyetlerdendir. H&amp;acirc;şiyesinde &amp;ouml;ne s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; tenkitler; i&amp;lsquo;r&amp;acirc;b, lafız, ibare tashihi ve ifadelerin uyuşmazlığına y&amp;ouml;neliktir. Gerev&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin eleştirilerden yola &amp;ccedil;ıkarak objektif davrandığı doğruyu takdir ettiği gibi yanlışı da yerdiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Aynı şekilde h&amp;acirc;şiyesinde ortaya attığı iddialardan olayları geniş bir perspektifle incelediği anlaşılmaktadır. Buna karşılık H&amp;acirc;mid es-S&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin meseleleri analiz noktasında y&amp;uuml;zeysel a&amp;ccedil;ıklamaları dolayısıyla yetersiz kaldığı hatta yer yer yanlış yorumlarda bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ahmed ibn Muhammad ibn D&amp;acirc;v&amp;ucirc;d ibn Muhammad el-Gerev&amp;icirc; penned a commentary on Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h el-Sağ&amp;icirc;r, the work of Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h el-Berde&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc;, recognizing its significant reception within the scholarly community. The commentary by Gerev&amp;icirc;, which forms the main subject of our study, is among his most renowned works. Its prominent characteristic lies in its consistently critical tone throughout. Moreover, Gerev&amp;icirc;'s adept analysis in identifying problems within Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h el-Sağ&amp;icirc;r and proposing convincing solutions to relevant issues underscores his persuasive ability. The primary aim of this study is to identify the common features of Gerev&amp;icirc;'s critiques towards Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h el-Berde&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc; and H&amp;acirc;mid el-S&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc; in his commentary, along with presenting the reasons behind these criticisms. In the introduction of our study, brief information is provided about el-&amp;lsquo;Av&amp;acirc;milu&amp;rsquo;l-mie, Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h el-Sağ&amp;icirc;r, and Gerev&amp;icirc;'s commentary. Due to the lack of any academic work on Gerev&amp;icirc; to date, his life, works, and family are also briefly discussed. Subsequently, Gerev&amp;icirc;'s critiques towards Sa&amp;lsquo;dull&amp;acirc;h el-Berde&amp;lsquo;&amp;icirc; and H&amp;acirc;mid el-S&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc; are investigated, categorized, and presented in sections. He supports his critiques with strong evidence, showcasing his ability to persuade the reader. His criticisms mainly focus on grammar, wording, textual corrections, and inconsistencies in expressions. It is evident that Gerev&amp;icirc; approaches the critiques objectively, acknowledging the truth while condemning the errors. Likewise, his wide-ranging examination of events from different perspectives is discernible from the claims he presents in his commentary. On the other hand, it is noted that H&amp;acirc;mid el-S&amp;ucirc;s&amp;icirc;'s analyses of issues are insufficient and occasionally flawed due to their superficial nature and incorrect interpretations.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=75410</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 3[421-434]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/193</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Larende’de Bir Osmanlı Gelini: Nefise Melek Hatun]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Ottoman Brıde In Larende: Nafısa Melek Khatun]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nadir KARAKUŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[ Osmanlılar, Karamanoğulları, Murad I, Alâeddin Bey, Nefise Hatun, Arabuluculuk.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Islam, Ottomans, Karamanids, Murat I, Alaeddin Bey, Nafisa Khatun, Mediation.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Tarihe damgasını vuran olaylardan birisi de hanedanlar arası yapılan siy&amp;acirc;s&amp;icirc; evliliklerdir. Rakip devletler, birbirleri ile dostluk ilişkisi kurabilmek yahut da onların d&amp;uuml;şmanca taarruzlarından emin olmak i&amp;ccedil;in h&amp;acirc;nedanlar arası evlilik m&amp;uuml;nasebetinde bulunmuşlardır. XIV. y&amp;uuml;zyıl ortalarından sonra Anadolu&amp;rsquo;da h&amp;acirc;kim g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; haline gelmeye başlayan Osmanlılar ile Karamanoğulları arasında yapılan b&amp;ouml;yle bir evlilik, iki rakip devleti birbirine yakınlaştırmayı ama&amp;ccedil;lamıştır. Osmanlıları imparatorluğa y&amp;uuml;kseltmeye &amp;ccedil;alışan, kurduğu devlet teşkilatı yanında Balkanlarda kazandığı başarı ve zaferlerle adından s&amp;ouml;z ettiren Sultan Murad Hud&amp;acirc;vendig&amp;acirc;r, Anadolu&amp;rsquo;da da başarılar peşinde koşmaktadır. Bunun i&amp;ccedil;in de b&amp;ouml;lgenin bir başka g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; odağı olan Karamanoğulları ile iyi ilişkiler kurmak ve onların saldırılarından emin olmak istemektedir. Bunun i&amp;ccedil;in de biricik kızı Nefise Hatun&amp;rsquo;u Karamanoğlu Al&amp;acirc;eddin Bey&amp;rsquo;e vermiştir. Bu evlilik de Osmanlılar ile Karamanoğlu Beyliği arasındaki rekabeti sona erdirmese de aralarında ka&amp;ccedil;ınılmaz olan savaşı geciktirmiştir. Murad I, Balkanlarda Hıristiyanlarla savaşırken fırsattan istifade Osmanlı topraklarına saldıran Al&amp;acirc;eddin Bey &amp;uuml;zerine y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;ş ve onu mağlup ederek Konya Kalesi&amp;rsquo;nde muhasara altına almıştır. &amp;Ccedil;aresiz kalan Al&amp;acirc;eddin Bey&amp;rsquo;in imdadına eşi Nefise Hatun yetişmiş, babası ile eşi arasında arabuluculuk yaparak barışın vuku bulmasını sağlamıştır. Daha sonra kardeşi Yıldırım Bayezid&amp;rsquo;in ilk iktidar yıllarında da aynı arabuluculuğu yapan Nefise Hatun, aynı zamanda Larende&amp;rsquo;de yaptırdığı medrese ile de ismini &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;ms&amp;uuml;zleştirmiştir. Bursa&amp;rsquo;dan Larende&amp;rsquo;ye gelin giden bu hanım sultan, gittiği yerde şehrine, kocasına ve &amp;ccedil;ocuklarına sahip &amp;ccedil;ıkarak &amp;ouml;rneklik teşkil etmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;One of the events that left their mark on history is the political marriages between dynasties. Rival states had land of dynasties marriage relations in order to establish friendly relations with each other or to be sure of their hostile attacks. Such a marriage between the Ottomans and Karamanids, who started to become the dominant power in Anatolia after the middle of the XIVth century, aimed to bring the two sister states closer to each other. Sultan Murad, who tried to elevate the Ottomans to the empire, made a name for himself with the success and victories he won in the Balkans as well as the state organization he established, is also pursuing success in Anatolia. For this reason, he wants to establish good relations with Karamanids, another power center of the region, and to be sure of their attacks. For this reason, he gave his only daughter Nafisa Khatun to Karamanids Alaeddin Bey. Although this marriage did not end the rivalry between the Ottomans and the Karamanids principality, it delayed the inevitable war between them. While Murad I was fighting with the Christians in the Balkans, he took advantage of the opportunity to march on Alaeddin Bey, who attacked the Ottoman lands, and defeated him and besieged him in Konya Castle. His wife Nafisa Khatun came to the aid of helpless Alaeddin Bey, and mediated between his father and his wife and ensured peace. Nafisa Khatun, who later acted as the same mediator during the first years of her brother Yildirim Bayezid's power, also immortalized her name with the madrasah she had built in Larende. This lady sultan, who went to Larende from Bursa as a bride, set an example by protecting her city, husband and children wherever she went.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=74967</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 3[389-404]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/194</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur’an-ı Kerîm’de Allah’ın Hz. Peygamber’e “Ente (Sen)” Hitabı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[God's Speech to the Prophet "Anta (You)" in the Qurān]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Esra HACIMÜFTÜOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İsmail BAYER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Hz. Muhammed, Zamir, Üslup, Sözlü Kültür.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Qurānic Exegesis, Muhammad, Pronouns, Style, Oral Culture.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma Kur&amp;rsquo;an-ı Kerim&amp;rsquo;de Allah&amp;rsquo;ın Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e hitaben y&amp;ouml;nelttiği &amp;ldquo;ente&amp;rdquo; (sen) b&amp;acirc;riz munfasıl zamiriyle ilgilidir; diğer zamir ve kullanımlar araştırmanın kapsamı dışında tutulmuştur. Arap dilinde zamirler b&amp;acirc;riz (munfasıl ve muttasıl) ve m&amp;uuml;stetir olmak &amp;uuml;zere iki kısımdır. Araştırmaya esas olan &amp;ldquo;ente (sen)&amp;rdquo; zamiri &amp;ldquo;b&amp;acirc;riz munfasıl&amp;rdquo; bir zamirdir. Daha a&amp;ccedil;ık ifadeyle tek başına bir kelime olan ve c&amp;uuml;mledeki diğer kelimelere bitişmeyen m&amp;uuml;stakil &amp;ldquo;sen&amp;rdquo; zamiridir. Bu itibarla Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e hitap eden diğer &amp;ldquo;sen&amp;rdquo; zamirlerinden farklılık arz etmektedir. Bu kullanımın yirmi yedi ayette yer aldığı ve ayetlerin &amp;ccedil;oğunun Mekke d&amp;ouml;neminde nazil olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mekke d&amp;ouml;neminin sosyolojisi g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde bulundurulduğunda, vurgulu bir şekilde yapılan hitabın Hz. Peygamber &amp;uuml;zerindeki tesirinin daha fazla olacağı aşik&amp;acirc;rdır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, ilgili ayetler tek tek incelenerek, makasıdi tefsir a&amp;ccedil;ısından bu şekildeki bir kullanımın hangi gayeye y&amp;ouml;nelik olduğu belirtilmiştir. İlgili zamirin bulunduğu c&amp;uuml;mle veya c&amp;uuml;mlecikler, dil yapısı itibarıyla yaklaşık &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;te bir oranında &amp;ldquo;pekiştirme i&amp;ccedil;eren olumsuz isim c&amp;uuml;mlesi&amp;rdquo; formundadır. Pekiştirme i&amp;ccedil;eren isim-soru ve hasr-istisn&amp;acirc; c&amp;uuml;mleleri birbirlerine eşit oranda kullanılmıştır. En az kullanılan c&amp;uuml;mle tipi ise durum ifade eden veya nehy anlamı i&amp;ccedil;eren olumlu c&amp;uuml;mlelerdir. Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in g&amp;ouml;rev alanı, bu g&amp;ouml;revi nasıl icra edeceği ve insan muhayyilesini zorlayan merhamet ve şefkatinden dolayı zarar g&amp;ouml;rmemesi isteği g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; dilsel yapılarla belirlenmektedir. Bu hususlar aynı zamanda insanların Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e ve İsl&amp;acirc;m&amp;rsquo;a bakışının nasıl olması gerektiğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bu zamirin kullanımı anlam tercihine dayalı dilsel bir gereklilik olduğundan dolayı, yorumlama kısmında da bağlamdan hareketle &amp;ccedil;eşitli vecihler ortaya konmuştur. Tefsir kaynaklarında belirtildiği &amp;uuml;zere Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;de Hz. Peygambere y&amp;ouml;neltilen il&amp;acirc;h&amp;icirc; hitaplar genel itibarla şu vecihlere matuftur: Te&amp;rsquo;y&amp;icirc;d, tesliye (teselli), imtin&amp;acirc;n (verilen nimetlerin tadadı), tehyic, teşrif, ta&amp;lsquo;z&amp;icirc;m, teşc&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;, ikr&amp;acirc;m, tebşir ve irş&amp;acirc;d. Burada esas olan m&amp;uuml;fessirin kanaatine g&amp;ouml;re &amp;ouml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkan hususun belirtilmesidir. Bu durum diğer uygun vecihlerin yok sayıldığı veya sayılacağı anlamına gelmemelidir. Aksi takdirde ayetleri dar kalıplara hapsetmek gibi istenmeyen bir sonu&amp;ccedil;la karşılaşılabilir. Dolayısıyla &amp;ldquo;ente (sen)&amp;rdquo; hitaplarını i&amp;ccedil;eren ayetleri olası t&amp;uuml;m a&amp;ccedil;ılardan değerlendirmek daha doğru olacaktır. Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e hitap eden &amp;ldquo;ente (sen)&amp;rdquo; zamirinin yer aldığı ayetlerde şu nitelemelerin y&amp;uuml;klendiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r: Başkalarının kıblesine uymama, insanların iradelerine vekil olmama, insanların iradeleri &amp;uuml;zerinde cebbar olmama, bulunduğu topluma toplu azap inmeme, insanları zorla m&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;min yapmanın imk&amp;acirc;nsızlığı, istemeyenleri zorla hidayete erdirememe, Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in uyarıcılık g&amp;ouml;revi, vahyin &amp;ouml;ğreticiliği, azabı hak edeni azaptan kurtaramama, davetinin kabul edilmeyişi sebebiyle kınanmama, k&amp;acirc;hin veya mecnun olmama, Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in vahiy bilgisinden beslenişi, davet s&amp;uuml;recinde insanlar arasında toplumsal konum ayırımı yapmama, inananlara daima şefkat g&amp;ouml;sterip zaman ayırma ve Mekke&amp;rsquo;nin &amp;ouml;nemi. Bu hususlardan anlaşıldığı &amp;uuml;zere Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in g&amp;ouml;rev alanı, bu g&amp;ouml;revi nasıl icra edeceği ve insan muhayyilesini zorlayan merhamet ve şefkatinden dolayı zarar g&amp;ouml;rmemesi isteği g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; dilsel yapılarla belirlenmektedir. Bu hususlar aynı zamanda insanların Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e ve İsl&amp;acirc;m&amp;rsquo;a bakışının nasıl olması gerektiğini g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, vahyi alan kişi konumundaki Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;e y&amp;uuml;ce Allah&amp;rsquo;ın &amp;ldquo;ente (sen)&amp;rdquo; zamiriyle doğrudan hitap etmesinin anlama ayrıca katkısının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. N&amp;uuml;zul ortamındaki &amp;ccedil;eşitli s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;ler ve Hz. Peygamber&amp;rsquo;in zaman i&amp;ccedil;erisindeki psikolojik durumunun &amp;ccedil;eşitlilik g&amp;ouml;sterebildiği g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nde bulundurulduğunda, doğrudan hitap şeklinin ris&amp;acirc;let g&amp;ouml;revini y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ten kişide oluşturacağı etki daha kuvvetli olacaktır; &amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; ayrı bir tonlama yapılmaktadır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;da ge&amp;ccedil;en herhangi bir lafzın gelişig&amp;uuml;zel kullanılmadığına, anlama katkısının mutlaka bulunduğuna ve bunun muhataplar nezdindeki anlama-yaşama s&amp;uuml;recine ayrıca katkı sağladığına vurgu yapmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;This study is about the obvious pronoun "anta" (you) addressed to the Prophet by Allah in the Qur'ān; other pronouns and usages are excluded from the scope of the research. Pronouns in the Arabic language are in two parts: obvious (munfasıl and muttasıl) and demonstrative (mustatir). The pronoun "anta (you)", which is the basis of the research, is a "obvious munfasıl" pronoun. More precisely, it is an independent pronoun "you" that is a word on its own and does not adjoin other words in the sentence. In this respect, it differs from other "you" pronouns addressed to the Prophet.&amp;nbsp; This usage is found in twenty-seven verses and most of them were revealed in the Mecca period. Considering the sociology of the Mecca period, it is obvious that an emphatic address would have a greater impact on the Prophet. In this study, the relevant verses are examined one by one and it is stated what purpose such a use is aimed at in terms of tafsir maqasid. The sentence or clauses containing the relevant pronoun are in the form of "negative noun clauses with reinforcement" in approximately one third of the language structure. Noun-question and hasr-istisna sentences containing reinforcement are used equally to each other. The least used sentence type is affirmative sentences that express a situation or contain nahy meaning. The Prophet's field of duty, how he will perform this task, and his desire not to be harmed by his compassion and compassion that force the human imagination are determined by strong linguistic structures. These issues also determine how people should view the Prophet and Islam. Since the use of this pronoun is a linguistic requirement based on meaning preference, various aspects have been revealed in the interpretation part based on the context. As stated in the sources of tafsir, the divine addresses to the Prophet in the Qur'ān are generally directed towards the following aspects: Ta'y&amp;icirc;d, tasliya, imtinān, tahyij, taşrif, ta'zīm, taşcī', ikr&amp;acirc;m, tabşir and irshād. The main thing here is to state the most prominent issue according to the opinion of the commentator. This should not be taken to mean that the other appropriate variants are ignored or counted. Otherwise, an undesirable result such as confining the verses to narrow moulds may be encountered. Therefore, it would be more accurate to evaluate the verses containing the address "anta (you)" from all possible angles. In the verses containing the pronoun "anta (you)" addressed to the Prophet, the following qualifications have been observed: Not obeying the qibla of others, not being a representative of people's wills, not being a tyrant over people's wills, not being a tyrant over people's wills, not descending collective torment on the society in which he was present, the impossibility of making people believers by force, not being able to guide those who do not want to be guided by force, the Prophet's duty of warning, the teaching of revelation, the teaching of those who deserve punishment. The Prophet's duty of warning, the instructiveness of revelation, not being able to save those who deserve punishment from punishment, not being condemned for not accepting his invitation, not being a prophet or a madman, the Prophet's being nourished by the knowledge of revelation, not discriminating between people in the process of invitation, always showing compassion to believers and allocating time, and the importance of Mecca. As it is understood from these issues, the Prophet's field of duty, how he will perform this duty, and the desire not to be harmed due to his compassion and compassion that challenges the human imagination are determined by strong linguistic structures. These issues also determine how people should view the Prophet and Islam. In this study, it has been determined that the direct address of Allah Almighty to the Prophet, who is the recipient of the revelation, with the pronoun "anta (you)" contributes to comprehension. Considering the various processes in the environment of the revelation and the psychological state of the Prophet at the time, the effect of direct address on the person who carries out the mission of the messenger will be stronger because a different intonation is made. This study emphasises that any word in the Qur'an is not used haphazardly, that it has a contribution to understanding, and that this also contributes to the understanding-living process of the interlocutors.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=74966</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 3[371-388]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/195</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sühreverdî’nin İdrak Düşüncesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Suhrawardi's Thought of Comprehension]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Veysi ABDULAZİZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Felsefesi, İşrâkîlik, Sühreverdî, Nefs, İdrak. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Philosophy, Ishraqi, Suhrawardi, Soul, Cognition.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İslam felsefesinde idrak düşüncesi genel olarak nefs teorileri kapsamında ele alınmıştır. İdrak kavramı, insanda mevcut olan bitkisel, hayvanî ve insanî nefs türleri içerisinde hayvanî nefs kapsamında incelenmektedir. İnsanda mevcut olan idrak kuvveleri dokunma, tatma, koklama, işitme ve görme olan dış idrak güçleri ve hiss-i müşterek (ortak duyu), hayal, vehim, zâkire/hafıza ve mutehayyile/müfekkire olan iç idrak güçleri diye bir tasnife tabi tutulmuştur. Dış idrak güçleriyle mevcut âlem fiziksel olarak idrak edilirken iç idrak güçleriyle de dışarıdan elde edilen bilgiler yorumlanır. Çalışmamızda insanın mahiyeti ve özelliklerinin incelendiği nefs düşüncesinde idrakin yerinin tespiti ve nefsle olan ilişkisinin boyutları Sühreverdî’nin İşrâkî tarzdaki bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı; olgu ve olaylar karşısında insanda meydana gelen idrakin nasıl gerçekleştiği, idrak güçlerinin işlevlerini nasıl yerine getirdiği ve insana etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, nefs nedir, idrak kuvvelerinin görevleri nelerdir ve idrak nasıl gerçekleşir gibi sorulara cevap aranmıştır. Çalışmada, Sühreverdî’nin eserleri taranarak ilgili konuda elde edilen bilgiler temel alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda filozofun tasavvuruna göre, yönetici nur olan nefsin akıl dâhil insanın idrak kuvvelerini yöneten cisimsiz bir cevher olduğu öne çıkmaktadır. İnsanın mevcut âlem hakkında dış idrak kuvveleri vasıtasıyla bilgi sahibi olması ve bu bilgiyi manevî âleminde etkin olan iç idrak kuvveleri vasıtasıyla yorumladığı filozofun temel tezleri arasında olduğu görülmektedir. Sühreverdî’nin, nefsin idrak güçleri düşüncesinde, eserlerinde de zikrettiği Antik Yunan filozoflarından ve Doğulu müteellih bilgeler diye tanıttığı düşünürlerden etkilendiği İslam felsefesinde ise en çok İbn Sînâ’dan etkilendiği görülmektedir. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In Islamic philosophy, the idea of cognition is generally discussed within the scope of nafs theories. The concept of cognition is examined within the scope of the animal soul among the vegetative, animal and human soul types present in humans. The powers of cognition present in human beings are classified as the external powers of perception, which are touch, taste, smell, hearing and sight, and the inner powers of perception (common sense), imagination, vision, memory, and imagination. While the existing world is physically comprehended with the external powers of perception, the information obtained from the outside is interpreted with the powers of internal perception. In our study, the determination of the place of cognition in the idea of the nafs, in which the nature and characteristics of human beings are examined, and the dimensions of its relationship with the nafs are discussed from Suhrawardi's Ishraqi-style perspective. The aim of the study; It is to reveal how the cognition that occurs in human beings in the face of facts and events, how the powers of cognition fulfill their functions and their effect on people. In this context, in this study, answers to questions such as what is the nafs, what are the duties of the powers of cognition and how realization takes place were sought. In the study, the works of Suhrawardi were scanned and the information obtained on the relevant subject was taken as a basis. In the findings obtained, according to the philosopher's imagination, it stands out that the soul, which is the ruling light, is an incorporeal substance that governs the powers of human cognition, including the mind. It is seen that it is among the basic theses of the philosopher that man has knowledge about the current world through the external powers of perception and interprets this information through the inner powers of perception that are active in the spiritual world. It is seen that Suhrawardi was influenced by the Ancient Greek philosophers, whom he also mentioned in his works, and the thinkers he introduced as the Eastern wise men in his thought of the powers of self-perception, and he was most influenced by Ibn Sînâ in Islamic philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=74357</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 2[193-209]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/196</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Mâtürîdî ile Kâdî Abdülcebbâr’a Göre Nebi ve Resül Seçiminde Vehbîlik ve Kesbîlik Sorunu]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Problem Of Vehbism And Qesbism In The Selection Of Prophet And Messenger According To Al-Maturidi And Qādi Abd Al-Jabbār]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Osman ORAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kelâm, Nebi, Resül, Vehbilik, Kesbilik, Mâtürîdî, Kâdî Abdülcebbâr]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kalam, Prophet, Messenger, Vehbism, Qesbism, al-Maturidi, Qādi Abd al-Jabbār.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Kel&amp;acirc;m&amp;icirc; d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncede nebilerin ve res&amp;uuml;llerin g&amp;ouml;revlerine vehbi mi yoksa kesbi mi se&amp;ccedil;ildikleri tartışılır. Bazı &amp;acirc;limler onların hi&amp;ccedil;bir &amp;ccedil;abası olmadan ilah&amp;icirc; irade onları se&amp;ccedil;er derken bazı &amp;acirc;limler g&amp;uuml;zel ahl&amp;acirc;k eylemlerini de i&amp;ccedil;eren s&amp;acirc;lih ameller yaptıkları i&amp;ccedil;in bu g&amp;ouml;reve l&amp;acirc;yık olduklarını s&amp;ouml;ylerler. M&amp;acirc;t&amp;uuml;r&amp;icirc;d&amp;icirc; nebi ve res&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;n arka planında kalp g&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; bas&amp;icirc;ret akıl g&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; fir&amp;acirc;set olan hikmet ehli insan olduğunu dile getirir. Hikmet, insanın kendi irade ve &amp;ccedil;abasıyla elde ettiği kesb&amp;icirc; bir ilimdir. İnsanın azmi, aklı, &amp;ccedil;alışması ve i&amp;ccedil;g&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;sel eğitimle kazanılır. Hikmet, insan y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;nden kesb&amp;icirc;, Allah&amp;rsquo;ın yaratması y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle vehb&amp;icirc;dir. Onlar bu g&amp;ouml;revlerine se&amp;ccedil;ilmese bile erdemli, hayırsever ve g&amp;uuml;zel ahl&amp;acirc;k sahibi olmaları nedeniyle &amp;acirc;lemlere &amp;uuml;st&amp;uuml;n kılınmaları m&amp;uuml;mk&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;r. N&amp;uuml;b&amp;uuml;vvet ve ris&amp;acirc;let niha&amp;icirc; konumda vehb&amp;icirc; olmakla birlikte bu g&amp;ouml;reve se&amp;ccedil;ilmeden &amp;ouml;nce onların iyilikler kesbettikleri bilinmektedir, der. Muʻtezile geleneğinin &amp;acirc;limlerinden K&amp;acirc;d&amp;icirc; Abd&amp;uuml;lcebb&amp;acirc;r ise n&amp;uuml;b&amp;uuml;vvet ile ris&amp;acirc;leti ayırır. Ris&amp;acirc;letin vehb&amp;icirc;, n&amp;uuml;b&amp;uuml;vvetin s&amp;acirc;lih amellerin karşılığı elde edilen kesb&amp;icirc; bir g&amp;ouml;rev olduğunu s&amp;ouml;yler. Nebi ve res&amp;uuml;llerin eylemlerini dikkate alınmadan Allah tarafından se&amp;ccedil;ildiği d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesi onların irade ve amellerinin &amp;ouml;nemsizliği ve insan&amp;icirc; &amp;ouml;zelliklerinin olmadığını d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nd&amp;uuml;rebilir. Nebiler ve res&amp;uuml;ller se&amp;ccedil;ilmeden &amp;ouml;nce de y&amp;uuml;ksek ahl&amp;acirc;k sahibi ve s&amp;acirc;lih amel işleyen kişiler olduğu tarihi bir realitedir. Onlar, akıllarını iyi y&amp;ouml;nde &amp;ccedil;alıştıran, azim ve sabır &amp;ouml;rneğini g&amp;ouml;steren, halkın i&amp;ccedil;inde alınteri ile &amp;ccedil;alışan bir meslek icra eden, şiddet ve zul&amp;uuml;mden ka&amp;ccedil;ınan, i&amp;ccedil;g&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;sel eğitimle erdemli insan&amp;icirc; ve ahl&amp;acirc;k&amp;icirc; nitelik kazanmış c&amp;ouml;mert karakterli kişilerdir. Kur&amp;rsquo;an, onların se&amp;ccedil;imini anlatırken &amp;ldquo;ıstaf&amp;acirc;&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;utiye&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;menn&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;ceale&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;ihtera&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;sana&amp;rsquo;a&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;irteda&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;ictib&amp;acirc;&amp;rdquo; gibi y&amp;ouml;nlendirici ve a&amp;ccedil;ıklayıcı kavram ve s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;kler kullanır. Se&amp;ccedil;imde hem ilah&amp;icirc; iradenin &amp;ouml;nemine hem de onların bu g&amp;ouml;reve l&amp;acirc;yık oldukları i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ccedil;abalarına işaret eder. Yani bu kavramlar iki y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; bir hareketi ifade ederler. Hem kesbiliği hem de vehbiliği a&amp;ccedil;ıklayan semantik &amp;ouml;zelliğe sahiptirler. Dolayısıyla el&amp;ccedil;ilik g&amp;ouml;revini yapabilecek karakter ve &amp;ouml;zelliklerini kesbetmiş insanlar arasından bu g&amp;ouml;reve se&amp;ccedil;ilmenin ilah&amp;icirc; iradeye &amp;acirc;it olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml; daha tutarlı ve isabetlidir. Bu makalede M&amp;acirc;t&amp;uuml;r&amp;icirc;d&amp;icirc; ile K&amp;acirc;d&amp;icirc; Abd&amp;uuml;lcebb&amp;acirc;r&amp;rsquo;ın konu hakkında g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri ile Kur&amp;rsquo;an &amp;acirc;yetleri bağlamında teolojik te&amp;rsquo;villeri incelenmiş kel&amp;acirc;m ilmi a&amp;ccedil;ısından değerlendirilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;In the kalam thought, the issue of whether prophets and messengers were chosen as vehbism or qesbism is discussed. Some scholars say that the divine will chooses them without any effort of theirs, while some scholars say that they are worthy of this task because they do righteous deeds, including acts of good morals. Al-Maturidi states that there is human of wisdom who have the eye of the heart &amp;ldquo;basirah&amp;rdquo; and the eye of the mind &amp;ldquo;firasah&amp;rdquo; in the background of the prophet and messenger. The wisdom is a knowledge that a person gains by his own will and effort. Human perseverance is gained through intelligence, work and instinctive education. The wisdom is revealed from the human point of view and it is vehbism from the point of view of Allah&amp;rsquo;s creation. Even if they are not elected to these duties, it is possible for them to be made superior to the worlds because they are virtuous, charitable and have good morals. Although the prophethood and the embassy are vehbism in the last position, they are known to have done good deeds before they were elected to this post, he says. Although the prophetic duty is in the final position by the divine will, it is known that they did good before they were elected to this duty, he says. Qādi Abd al-Jabbār from the scholars of the tradition of the Muʻtazilah, distinguishes prophethood and risalet/embassy. He says that risalah is vehbism, prophethood is a discovery, it is a duty obtained in return for good deeds. The idea that prophets and messengers were chosen by Allah without taking into account their actions may suggest that their wills and actions are insignificant and have no human characteristics. It is a historical reality that there were people who had high morals and performed righteous deeds before they were elected. It is a historical reality that and prophets and messengers were people who had high morals and performed righteous deeds before prophethood. They are generous people who work their minds in a good way, set an example of perseverance and patience, perform a profession that works with dignity in public, avoid violence and cruelty, and have acquired virtuous human and moral qualities through instinctive education. The Qur&amp;rsquo;an uses guiding and explanatory concepts and words such as &amp;ldquo;ıstafa&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;utiya&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;menn&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;jaala&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;ihtara&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;sana&amp;rsquo;a&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;irtada&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;ijtiba&amp;rdquo; when describing the selection of prophets and messengers. It indicates both the importance of the divine will in being elected and their efforts and efforts to be worthy of this task. In other words, these concepts express a two-way movement. They have the semantic property that explains both qesbism and vehbism. Therefore, the opinion that it belongs to the divine will to be chosen to this post from among people with characters and characteristics who can perform the ambassadorial duty is more consistent and correct. In this article, the opinions of al-Maturidi and Qādi Abd al-Jabbār on the subject and their theological interpretations in the context of the verses of the Qur&amp;rsquo;an are examined and evaluated in terms of kalam science.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=73755</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 3[309-330]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/197</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hadis Kaynaklarında Veliyyullâh ve Evliyâullah Kavramlarının Tarihi Seyri Üzerine: Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[On the Historical Course of the Concepts of Veliyyullah and Evliyâullah in Hadith Sources: A Critical Approach]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Osman ORUÇHAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Velî, Velâyet, Zayıf Hadis, Hadis Kaynakları ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Saint, Guardianship, Weak Hadith, Sources of Hadith. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu makalede, tasavvuf dünyasında kendisine Allah’ın dostu denilen, normal bir insanda bulunmayan olağanüstü özellikleri bulunduğu iddia edilen veliyyullâh/evliyâullâh vb. kavramların, dinin temel dayanaklarından olan hadislerin yer aldığı temel hadis kaynaklarında de nasıl ve hangi oranda geçtiğinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek üzere temel hadis kaynaklarının kaleme alındığı ikinci asırdan dördüncü asrın sonuna kadar tasnif edilen hadis kitapları tedkik edilmiştir. Makalede, ilgili kelimelerin tespit edildiği hadis kaynakları, yazarlarının ölüm tarihleri esas alınarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Diğer taraftan ilgili kavramlara belirtilen anlamların yüklendiği alanla ilişkisini tespit edebilmek amacıyla zühd/tasavvuf konulu olanlar başta olmak üzere diğer bazı eserler de incelememize dâhil edilmiştir. Bu kaynaklar seçilirken isnâdı bulunan hadis rivayetleri içeren kaynaklar tecih edilmiştir. Yaptığımız araştırmalar neticesinde görülmüştür ki söz konusu hadis kaynaklarının önemli bir bölümünde ilgili kavramlara hiç yer verilmemiş, diğerlerinde de oldukça az yer verilmiştir. Diğer eserlerde, özellikle zühd/tasavvuf alanıyla ilgili olanlarda hadis kaynaklarına nazaran daha fazla rivayet bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Makalede ulaştığımız tespitlere göre veliyyullah vb. kavramların önemli bir bölümü anlamlı bir şekilde ilgili dönemde yaşayan zahit ve mutasavvıflarla ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bunun bir kanıtı olarak hicrî ikinci asırda yazılan birkaç hadis kaynağında veliyyullah vb. bir kavram bulunmadığı halde aynı dönemde bir zühd kitabı olan Abdullah b. Mübârek’in eserinde bu tür hadislerin bulunması gösterilebilir. Diğer taraftan bu türden bazı hadis ravilerinin Şîî olması, söz konusu rivayetlerin Şia’nın siyasi/dini anlamdaki velâyet anlayışıyla ilişkisinin araştırılmasının gerekliliğine işaret etmektedir. Hadis kaynaklarındaki rivayetlerde bulunan veliyyullah vb. kavramların bazıları sûfîlerin tarzını yansıtsa da bazıları Kur’an’da yer aldığı şekliyle, genel anlamda bütün Müminleri kapsayacak şekilde kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In this article, in the world of Sufism, weliyyullah/evliyâullâh, etc., who are called the friend of Allah and who are claimed to have extraordinary characteristics that are not found in a normal person. It is aimed to determine how and to what extent the concepts are mentioned in the hadiths, which are the second most important source of information of religion after the Quran. In order to achieve this aim, hadith sources classified from the second century to the end of the fourth century, when the basic hadith sources were written, were examined. While discussing the subject, hadith sources are listed based on the death dates of their authors. On the other hand, some other works, especially those on the subject of asceticism/sufism, were also included in our analysis in order to determine the relationship between the meanings given to the relevant concepts and the field in which they are attributed. While selecting these sources, sources containing hadith narrations with attribution were preferred. As a result of our research, it has been seen that in some of the hadith sources in question, the relevant concepts are not included at all, and in others, they are given very little space. It has been determined that there are more narrations in other works, especially those related to the field of asceticism/sufism, compared to hadith sources. According to the findings we reached in the article, veliyyullah etc. A significant part of the concepts were found to be meaningfully related to ascetics and Sufis living in the relevant period. As a proof of this, in several hadith sources written in the second century of the Hijri, veliyyullah etc. Although there is no such concept, it can be shown that there are such hadiths in the work of Abdallah Ibn Mubarak, which was an ascetic book in the same period. On the other hand, the fact that some such hadith narrators are Shiites indicates the necessity of investigating the relationship of these narrations with the Shiite understanding of guardianship. Some of the concepts of "waliyyullah" found in the narrations in the hadith sources, as included in the Quran, were used in a general sense to cover all Believers.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=73716</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 2[283-308]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/198</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Transhümanizmde Tanrı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[God of Transhumanism]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatımanur GÜÇLÜER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ruhattin YAZOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din felsefesi, Transhümanizm, Tanrı, Bilim, Nanoteknoloji]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, Transhumanism, God, Science, Nanotechnology ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle insanlık bilimde son elli yılda ciddi bir mesafe kat etmiştir. Bu hızlı ilerleyiş günlük hayat, eğitim, hukuk, sanat, siyaset gibi alanlarda köklü değişimlere sebep olmuştur. Avantaj ya da dezavantajları tartışılan ileri teknoloji beraberinde birçok yeni kavramı da beraberinde getirmiştir. Menşei çoğunlukla batı düşüncesine dayanan, insanlığa kendini süper sağlık, süper yaşam ve süper zekâ sloganıyla sunan transhümanizm kavramı bu yeni kavramlardan biridir. Hümanizmin bir devam formu olarak nitelenebilecek olan transhümanizm ideolojisi insan merkeziyetçiliği esasına dayanmaktadır. Transhümanizm insanın bedensel ve bilişsel olarak iyileştirilmesi ve geliştirilmesi gerektiğine inanır. Transhümanizm eylemleri ve hedefleri açısından din düşünürlerinin de dikkatini çekmektedir. Tanrı inancını insanlık tarihi kadar geçmişe götürmek mümkündür. İnanma ihtiyacıyla dünyaya gelen insan, yaşadığı toplumun dinî ya da kültürel vasıflarıyla yetişmiş, tüm bunlar insanın evreni anlamlandırmada kendisine yardımcı olmuştur. Rönesans, aydınlanma, sanayileşme ve neticede teknolojikleşme süreçleri ile birlikte Tanrı kavramından ulûhiyet vasıfları alınmış, bu vasıflar bilime ve insana atfedilmeye başlanmıştır. Kendisi de genel itibariyle evrimsel teoriyi ve materyalist düşünceyi temel edinmiş bir hareket olan transhümanizmde Tanrının konumu çalışmamızın temelini teşkil etmektedir. Çalışmamızda transhümanizmde Tanrı anlayışını temellendirebilmek adına konuyu seküler transhümanistlerin Tanrı anlayışı, dindar transhümanistlere göre Tanrı anlayışı ve transhümanizmi din karşıtı bir hareket olarak gören teologlara göre Tanrı anlayışı olmak üzere üç farklı bakış açısıyla değerlendirmeye çalışacağız.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;With the advancement of technology, humanity has made significant progress in the field of science in the last fifty years. This rapid progress has led to profound changes in various areas such as daily life, education, law, art, and politics. The advanced technology, which is subject to discussions regarding its pros and cons, has introduced numerous new concepts. Transhumanism, a concept largely rooted in Western thought, is one of these new concepts, presenting itself to humanity with the slogans of 'super health,' 'super life,' and 'super intelligence. Transhumanism has also attracted the attention of religious thinkers in terms of its actions and goals. The ideology of transhumanism, which can be described as a continuation of humanism, is based on the principle of anthropocentrism. Transhumanism believes that human beings should be improved and developed physically and cognitively. The belief in "God" can be traced back throughout human history. Individuals, born with an innate need to believe, developed their beliefs in accordance with the religious or cultural attributes of their respective societies, providing them with frameworks to comprehend the universe. During the Renaissance, Enlightenment, Industrialization, and, ultimately, the processes of technological advancement, divine qualities were gradually disassociated from the concept of a deity, with these attributes gradually being ascribed to science and humanity. The role of the divine in transhumanism, a movement rooted in evolutionary theory and materialist philosophies, serves as the focal point of our study. Within this study, aimed at elucidating the concept of the divine in transhumanism, the endeavor is to examine the subject from three distinct standpoints: the perception of the divine according to secular transhumanists, the perspective of the divine as perceived by religious transhumanists, and the interpretation of the divine by theologians who view transhumanism as an irreligious movement.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=73587</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 2[247-268]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/199</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[“Batı’nın Kavramlarıyla Müslümanca Din Felsefesi Yapmanın İmkânı” Başlıklı Makaleye İtiraz ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Critisism of the Article Titled “The Possibility of Making a Muslim Philosophy of Religion with the Concepts of the West”]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İbrahim YILDIZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, İslam, Batı Kavramları, Deizm, Ateizm, Teizm]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, Islam, Western Concepts, Deism, Atheism, Theism. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Türkiye’de henüz yeni bir bilim dalı olan din felsefesinin hangi temel ilkeler doğrultusunda yapılması gerektiği konusunda farklı yaklaşımlar mevcuttur. Bu yaklaşımlardan biri, Müslümanca bir din felsefesi oluşturulması gerektiği yönündedir. Bu yaklaşıma göre Batı’nın entelektüel uğraşının ürünü olan kavramlardan uzak durulmalıdır. Hasan Er tarafından ileri sürülen bu iddia, Batı’da din felsefesi yapılırken ortaya çıkan bazı temel kavramların Batı’nın Hristiyan Orta Çağ düşüncesiyle hesaplaşmasının bir ürünü olduğu, dolayısıyla temel İslami esaslara uygun olmayacağı düşüncesiyle gerekçelendirilmektedir. Batı’daki din felsefesinin Hristiyanlık temelinde neşet ettiği yargısı kabul edilebilir görünmektedir. Buradan hareketle Hristiyanlığın inanç sisteminin İslam’dan çok farklı olduğu gerçeği temelinde Batı’da din felsefesi yapılırken kullanılan kavramların da İslam ile ilişkilendirilmemesi gerektiği savunulmuştur. Burada özellikle uzak durulması gerektiği iddia edilen üç kavram bulunmaktadır. Bunlar deizm, ateizm ve makalesinin ana temasını oluşturan teizmdir. Bu iddia din felsefesi alanında önemli bir tartışmayı tetiklemektedir. Bu tartışma da belli bir dine özgü bir din felsefesinin olup olamayacağıdır. Makalemizde, yukarıda özetlenen iddialar detaylı bir şekilde ele alınacak ve din felsefesi açısından tartışmanın önemine ışık tutmak amacıyla analitik bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulacaktır. Sonuç olarak kavramların sadece ilk ortaya çıktıkları anlamlarla değil, süreç içinde kazandıkları anlamlarla da ele alınması gerektiği tartışılacaktır. Öte yandan Batı kavramlarıyla Müslümanca bir din felsefesi yapmanın mümkün olup olmadığı sorgulanacak ve eğer mümkün değilse, sonuç olarak din felsefesinin de Müslümanca olmayacağı dikkate sunulacaktır. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In Turkey, where the philosophy of religion is still a relatively new academic field, there are different approaches regarding the fundamental principles that should guide its development. It has been claimed that to conduct a Muslim philosophy of religion, it is necessary to stay away from the concepts that are the product of the intellectual pursuit of Western thought. This claim, which is put forward by Hasan Er, is justified by the thought that some of the basic concepts that emerged in the philosophy of religion in the West are a product of the West’s confrontation with the Christian medieval thought, and therefore, they do not comply with the basic Islamic principles. The judgment that the philosophy of religion in the West arose based on Christianity seems acceptable. From this point of view, since the belief system of Christianity is very different from Islam, it has been argued that the concepts used in the philosophy of religion in the West should not be associated with Islam. Three concepts are especially claimed to be avoided here. These are deism, atheism, and theism. This claim triggers an important debate in philosophy of religion. This is whether there can be a philosophy of religion specific to a particular religion. In this study, the claims briefly described above will be discussed. While doing this, the claims put forward will be subjected to an analytical evaluation. As a result, it will be discussed that the concepts should be considered not only with the meanings they first appeared but also with the meanings they acquired in the process. On the other hand, if it is not possible to make a Muslim philosophy of religion with Western concepts, then it will be taken into consideration that it is necessary to ask “How Muslim is the philosophy of religion?” &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=73516</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 1[183-192]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/200</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Harputlu İshak Efendi ve Risâle-i Soru ve Cevap Adlı Eseri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Ishaq Efendi al-Kharpûtî and an Evaluation on His Work Titled Risala Sual and Cawab]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet GEMİ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Osman SAYLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap dili, Nahiv, Sarf, Harputlu İshak Efendi, Risâle-i Soru ve Cevâp, Mecmû‘atü’l-kavâ‘îd, Soru-Cevap Tekniği.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language, Syntax, Morphology, Ishaq Efendi al-Kharpûtî, Risala Sual and Cawab, Majmû‘at al-qavâ‘îd, Question-Answer Technique]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Müslümanların Anadolu’ya gelmesi ile birlikte Harput bölgesinde birçok önemli âlim yetişmiş olup söz konusu bölge ve çevresinde farklı alanlarda faaliyetlerde bulunmuşlardır. Harputlu İshak Efendi de Harput ve muhitinde şöhret bulan, dini faaliyetlerde bulunan ve Osmanlı Döneminin alim ve bürokratlarından olan önemli bir şahsiyettir. 1803 yılında Harput’un Perçene köyünde dünyaya gelmiştir. Arap dili, tefsir, kelam, tasavvuf, felsefe gibi alanlarla meşgul olmuştur. Bu alanlarla ilgili önemli eserler kaleme almıştır. Bunun yanında Arap dilinin önemli temel kaynaklarından olan ve uzun zamandır medreselerde okutulan eserlerin kolaylıkla anlaşılması için önemli bir eser de kaleme almıştır. Bu eserin adı, &lt;em&gt;Risâle-i Soru ve Cevap&lt;/em&gt; veya&lt;em&gt; Mecmû‘atü’l-kavâ‘îd&lt;/em&gt;’dir. &lt;em&gt;Risâle-i Soru ve Cevap &lt;/em&gt;adlı eser; geçmişten günümüze kadar medreselerde sarf ve nahiv alanlarında okutulan &lt;em&gt;Emsile, Binâ, Maksûd, İzzî, Avâmil, İzhâr &lt;/em&gt;ve&lt;em&gt; Kâfiye &lt;/em&gt;eserlerini kapsamaktadır. Ayrıca bu eser mantık, vaz‘ (aruz ilmi), belagat gibi ilimleri de kapsamaktadır. Sorgulayıcı bir tarz benimseyen İshak Efendi, eserlerinde soru-cevap tekniğini kullanmıştır. Soru-cevap tekniği, öğrenmede etkili olan tekniklerin başında gelmektedir. Sokrates’ten günümüze kadar kullanılan bu yöntem, şüphesiz dil eğitiminde de önemli bir yer kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Harputlu İshak Efendi’nin hayatı ele alınacak ve Arap dili alanında kaleme aldığı &lt;em&gt;Risâle-i Soru ve Cevap &lt;/em&gt;adlı eserinin üzerine bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;With the arrival of Muslims to Anatolia many important schdars were treined in the Kharpût regionand they carried out activities in different fields in and arount the region in guestion. Ishaq Efendi al-Kharpûtî in an impartand figure who found fame in Kharpût and it’s neighborhood, carried out religious activities  and was among the bureaucrats of  the ottaman  period. He was born in Perçene village of Kharpût in 1803. He was engaged in fields such as Arabic language, tafsir, kalam, sufism and philosophy. He wrote important works about these fields in addition, he alsa wrote an important work on Arabic language and logic. This work was called, &lt;em&gt;Risala Sual and Cawab&lt;/em&gt; (Risala Question and Answer) or &lt;em&gt;Majmû‘at al-qavâ‘îd&lt;/em&gt;. The work called &lt;em&gt;Risala Sual and Cawab&lt;/em&gt; includes &lt;em&gt;Emsile, Bina, Maqsut, Izzī, Avamil, Izhar and Kafiye &lt;/em&gt;works, which were tought in the fields grammer and syntax in madrasas from past the praesent. It also contains subjects related to sciences such as logic, reason, wad‘ (science aruz) and belaga. Ishaq Efendi, who has an inquiring personality, used the question answer technique in his works. Question-answer technique is one of the most effective techniques in learning. This method, who has been used from Socrates to the present, is undoubtedly preffered in language education. The life of Ishaq Efendi al-Kharpûtî will be disassed and an evaluotion will be made on the work called &lt;em&gt;Risala Sual and Cawab &lt;/em&gt;which was written in the field of Arabic language. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=73373</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 2[229-245]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/201</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslami Referanslı Kitaplarda İnternet ve Sosyal Medyanın Tanımlanış Biçimleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Ways of Defining the Internet and Social Media in Islamic Referenced Books]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Oğuz Selim KOBAZA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İletişim bilimleri, İslam, internet, sosyal medya, internet ve sosyal medya]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Communication sciences, Islam, internet, social media, internet and social media.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İnternet ve internete bağlı teknolojiler, iletişimde çığır açarak gündelik hayatın vazgeçilemez bir ögesi hâline gelmiştir. Sosyal medya mecralarının ortaya çıkışıyla birlikte dünyanın her yerinde hayat tarzlarından zihniyetlere kadar yaşamın akışı içindeki tüm alanlarda değişim ve dönüşüm deneyimlenmiştir. Söz konusu süreçte internet ve internete bağlı teknolojiler pek çok araştırmacı tarafından olumlu ve olumsuz etkileriyle ele alınmıştır. İnternet, iletişimi kolaylaştırması, iletişim imkânlarının artışını sağlaması, zaman ve mesafelerden bağımsız olarak bilgiye erişimi daha rahat hâle getirmesi vb. gibi olumlu özelliklere sahiptir. Bunun yanında internete ve sosyal medya mecralarına bağımlılık, zararlı içeriklere maruz kalma, dikkat dağınıklığı, dijital gözetim, veri güvenliği ihlâlleri, kişisel mahremiyetin sınırlanması vb. olumsuz etkiler de uzun süredir tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca internet ve internete bağlı teknolojilerin etkileri dini perspektiften de değerlendirilmektedir. Dinin insan davranışlarını biçimlendiren normatif yapısı, internet ve sosyal medyanın kullanımına ilişkin pek çok açıdan sınırlar koymakta ve dolayısıyla bu araçların kullanım pratiklerini de şekillendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda genel olarak internetin ve sosyal medyanın, insanları dinen sakıncalı görülen veya yasaklanmış eylemlere yönlendirdiğine; çocukları, aile bireylerini ve toplumu olumsuz etkilediğine, ahlaki yozlaşmaya ve dini değerlerden uzaklaşmaya vb. neden olduğuna dair pek çok görüş ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın konusunu İslami referansları barındıran kitaplarda internet ve sosyal medyanın tanımlanış biçimleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma nitel bir araştırmadır ve İslami referansların bulunduğu kitaplarda sosyal medya ve internetle ilgili yapılmış tanımlamalardan hareketle sosyal medya ve internetin tanımlanış biçimlerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında sosyal medyayı dini referanslarla ele alan pek çok kitabın bulunması çalışmanın sınırlılığını oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle internet ve sosyal medyayı konu edinen ve İslami referansları barındıran Gençler İçin Sosyal Medya İlmihali, Müslüman’ın Ahlakını Yok Eden Teknoloji: İnternet, İnternet Fıkhı ve Sosyal İmtihanımız başlıklı dört kitap çalışmada amaçlı örneklem yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu kitaplardaki internet ve sosyal medyayla ilgili tanımlamalar doküman incelemesi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. İnternet ve sosyal medya kavramları ayrı ayrı tanımlanmakla birlikte her iki kavramın birbirinin yerine kullanıldığı ve tanımlandığı da görülmüştür. Tanımlamaların internet ve sosyal medya kavramlarını olumlu ve olumsuz bağlamda ele alan tanımlamalar olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu tanımlamalarda internet ve sosyal medyanın İslami faaliyetlerden insan ilişkilerine kadar geniş bir perspektifte ele alındığı tespit edilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The Internet and Internet-related technologies have revolutionized communication and become an indispensable element of daily life. With the emergence of social media channels, change and transformation have been experienced in all areas of life, from lifestyles to mentalities, all over the world. In this process, the internet and internet-related technologies have been discussed by many researchers with their positive and negative effects. The Internet has positive features such as facilitating communication, increasing communication opportunities, and making access to information more convenient regardless of time and distance, etc. Also, negative effects such as addiction to the internet and social media channels, exposure to harmful content, distraction, digital surveillance, data security violations, limitation of personal privacy, etc. have been discussed for a long time. Besides, the effects of the internet and internet-related technologies are evaluated from a religious perspective as well. The normative character of religion, which shapes human behavior, sets limits in many aspects regarding the use of the internet and social media, and therefore shapes the usage practices of these tools. In this context, many opinions are put forward as to why the internet and social media in general lead people to religiously objectionable or prohibited actions, it negatively affects children, family members and society, causes moral corruption and alienation from religious values, etc. The subject of this study is the way the internet and social media are defined in books containing Islamic references. The study is qualitative research and it aims revealing the ways in which social media and the internet are defined, based on the definitions made about social media and the internet in books containing Islamic references. The limitation of the study is that there are many books that discuss social media with religious references. For this reason, in the study, four books titled Social Media Catechism for Young People, Technology Destroying the Morality of Muslims: The Internet, Islamic Jurisprudence of the Internet, and Our Social Examination, which are about the internet and social media and contain Islamic references, were determined by the purposeful sampling method. The definitions about the internet and social media in the aforementioned books were examined using the document analysis method. Although the concepts of internet and social media are defined separately, observations revealed that both concepts are used and defined interchangeably. Observations also exhibited that the definitions address the concepts of internet and social media in positive and negative contexts. In these definitions, the internet and social media were determined to be discussed in a wide perspective, from Islamic activities to human relations.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=73090</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 2[269-281]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/202</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur’an’da Bilişsel İnşa Kavramlarının Semantik Analizi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Semantic Analysis of Cognitive Construction Concepts in the Qur'an]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Murat OLTULU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, İnşa, Nefs, İstitâat, Tesviye, Sûret, Uzn, Sem‘, ‘Akl ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsīr, Inshā, Nafs, Istiṭā‘at, Taswiya, Ṣūrat, Udhn, Sam‘, ‘Aql.  ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İnsanın bilişsel/düşünsel inşa edimi dahil olmak üzere yapmak istediği herhangi bir fiili gerçekleştirdiği yetilerle ilgili Kur’an’da geçen &lt;em&gt;nefs, kuvvet, istitâat, tesviye, sûret, uzn, sem‘, fıkh, va‘y, tezkire&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;‘akl&lt;/em&gt; gibi bir dizi kelimenin semantik analizi bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bir edimin/fiilin ortaya çıkması için araç mesabesinde bulunan yetilerin ve bir benlik hâli olarak değerlendirilebilecek bu yetilere sahiplik durumunun hangi kavramlar üzerinden ifadelendirildiği; sahip olunan yetiler aracılığıyla icra edilen inşa ediminin ve yanı sıra gerçekleştirilen eylemlerin karakter yapısı ve süreci; bu inşa süreci sonucunda ortaya çıkan ve aslında tüm süreci yöneten bir hedef ürün statüsündeki yapıların hangi kavramlarla dile getirildiği araştırmanın alt başlıklarını oluşturmaktadır. Yetiler aracılığıyla bu nihai ürüne ulaşma/soyutlama sürecinin ‘ilk aşamasını’ oluşturan kavramlar konusunda da Kur’an’da önemli bir kelime dağarcığı geçmektedir. Ancak Kur’an’ın içinde doğduğu kültürün sözlü bir kültür olması, inşa sırasında yeti ve malzeme tercihinde önemli bir rol oynamış ve onun karakterini belirlemiştir. Bu sebeple çalışmada yeti ve malzeme olarak ön plana çıktığı düşünülen kavramlar odağa alınmıştır. Bir soyutlama edimi olarak değerlendirilebilecek inşa sürecinde bu yeti ve malzemelerin ifadesi olan sözcüklerin nasıl geçirgen ve çift anlamlı bir karakterde kullanıldığı betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Kelimelerin arasındaki bağın inşası sürecinde, semantik bilimin yöntemsel rehberliği takip edilmiştir. Günümüzde bilişsel psikoloji veya bilişsel bilimler altında tetkik edilen bu yetilerin Kur’an bağlamında analizi ve bu yetilere Kur’an’ın kendine özgü yaklaşımının ortaya konulması, yetiler bütünü yeni bir özne inşasının soruşturulmasında ufuk açıcı işlevler sağlayabilir. Sonuç olarak analiz edilen kelimelerin saf duyusal bir girdiden ziyade düşünsel bir anlamı içerecek şekilde, geçirgen bir karakterde kullanıldığı; bu aralıkta duyusal girdinin, aynı şey olarak, düşünseli kendi üzerinden kurduğu; Kur’an’ın, bu açıdan bakıldığında, idraki aşan aslın duyu formundaki mekânı olarak kendini bir &lt;em&gt;hatırlatım/tezkire&lt;/em&gt; şeklinde takdim ettiği; kelimelerin sözel niteliği korunmakla birlikte içeriğinin semantik olarak değiştirildiği gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca Allah ile insan arasındaki temel analoji noktalarından birinin yetkinlik kavramı üzerinden gerçekleştirildiği ve İslam’ın uluhiyet anlayışının bu kavram üzerine inşa edildiği ulaşılan bulgulardandır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The subject of this paper is the analysis of a number of Qurʾānic words related to the faculties through which man performs any action he wishes to do, including cognitive/intellectual construction, such as nafs, quwwa, istiṭāʿat, udhn, samʿ, taswiya, fiqh, waʿy and ʿaql. The sub-headings of the research will be the concepts through which the faculties that are the means for the emergence of an action and the state of possession of these faculties, which can be considered as a state of selfhood, are expressed; the character structure and process of the construction act and the actions performed through the faculties possessed; the concepts through which the structures that emerge as a result of this construction process and which are actually a target product that governs the whole process are expressed. The Qurʾān also contains an important vocabulary about concepts, which constitute the 'first stage' of the process of abstracting this final product through faculties. However, the fact that the culture in which the Qurʾān was born was an oral culture played an important role in the choice of abilities and materials during its construction and determined the character of the Qurʾān. Therefore, the study will focus the concepts that considered to come to the fore as abilities and materials. We will try to describe how words which were the expression of these abilities and materials, were used in in the process of construction, which could be considered as an act of abstraction and in a permeable and double-meaningful character. In the constructing the link between words, the methodological guidance of semantics will be followed. Analyzing these faculties, which are currently studied under cognitive psychology or cognitive sciences, in the Qurʾānic context and revealing the Qurʾān's unique approach to these capacities can provide seminal functions in the investigation of the construction of a new subject as a set of capacities. In conclusion, it has observed that the analyzed words were used in a permeable character in a way to include an intellectual meaning rather than a pure sensory input; in this range, the sensory input, as the same thing, constructed the intellectual through itself; the Qurʾan, from this point of view, presented  itself as a (intellectuel) reminder/tadhkira as the place of the 'essence' that transcended perception in the form of sense; the content of the words was semantically changed while preserving their verbal quality. To add, among of the findings is that one of the main points of analogy between God and man was realized through the concept of competence and Islamic understanding of divinity was built on this concept.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=72982</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 1[133-149]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/203</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Çocuk Suçluluğunu Önleme ve İyileştirme Sürecinde Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik: Rehber Öğretmen/Psikolojik Danışmanların Görüşleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Spiritual Counseling and Guidance in the Process of Preventing and Rehabilitating Juvenile Delinquency: A Research on the Views of Guidance Teachers/Psychological Counselors*]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hüseyin DEMİREL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatih ÇINAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, Manevi Rehberlik, Çocuk Suçluluğu, Psikolojik Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik, İyileşme]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Spiritual Guidance, Juvenile Delinquency, Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Healing]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu araştırmada okullarda çocuk suçluluğunu önleme ve iyileştirmede psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik (PDR) öğretmenlerinin manevî danışmanlık ve rehberlik (MDR) ile ilgili görüş ve yaklaşımlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Isparta merkez ve ilçelerinde MEB’e bağlı devlet liselerinde görev yapan 30 gönüllü PDR öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda PDR öğretmenlerinin çalıştıkları kurumlarda çoğunlukla şiddet, istismar, bağımlılık, zorbalık gibi hukuki suçlarla karşılaştıkları ve çocuk suçluluğuna yönelik önleyici çalışmalar, müdahale çalışmaları ve iyileştirme çalışmaları yaptıkları belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte araştırmada katılımcıların çocuk suçluluğunu önlemede MDR ile ilgili yaklaşımlarını içeren bulgulara da ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre görüşülen öğretmenlerin çoğunun karşılaştıkları olumsuzluklar karşısında manevî açıdan rahatlama ihtiyacı hissettiği; karşılaşılan olumsuzluklarla baş etme sürecinde dini inançların etkili olabileceği yönünde görüşe sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çocuk suçluluğunu önlemede katılımcıların çoğunun maneviyatın olumlu etkilerinin olabileceği şeklinde bir yaklaşıma sahip olduğu ve psikoterapi teknikleri ile maneviyatın bir arada kullanılabileceği yönünde yaklaşım sergiledikleri görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte PDR öğretmenlerinin manevî danışmanlık eğitiminin lisans eğitiminde yer almasını gerektiği yönünde görüşe sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın önemli bulgularından birisi de MDR konusunda birçok soruda olumlu görüş bildiren katılımcıların, okullarda MDR birimi oluşturulması ve MDR kadrosu atanması konusunda çoğunluğunun olumsuz görüş bildirmesi olmuştur. Araştırmanın bulgularının PDR, MDR ve ilgili diğer alanlara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In this study, it was aimed to determine the views and approaches of guidance teachers/psychological counselors (GTPC) about spiritual counseling and guidance (SCG) in preventing and improving juvenile delinquency in schools. Qualitative research method was used in the study. Semi-structured interview technique was used to obtain the data. The sample of the study consisted of 30 volunteer counseling and guidance teachers working in state high schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Isparta center and districts. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. At the end of the research, it was determined that GTPC mostly encounter legal crimes such as violence, abuse, addiction, bullying in the institutions where they work and that they carry out preventive studies, intervention studies and improvement studies for juvenile delinquency. In addition, the findings of the study also included the participants' approaches to SCG in preventing juvenile delinquency. Accordingly, it was determined that most of the interviewed teachers felt the need for spiritual comfort in the face of the negativities they encountered and that religious beliefs could be effective in the process of coping with the negativities encountered. In addition, it was observed that most of the participants had an approach that spirituality can have positive effects in preventing juvenile delinquency and that psychotherapy techniques and spirituality can be used together. In addition, it was determined that GTPC  had the opinion that spiritual counseling education should be included in undergraduate education. One of the important findings of the study was that the majority of the participants, who expressed positive opinions in many questions about SCG, expressed negative opinions about the establishment of SCG units in schools and the appointment of SCG staff. It is thought that the findings of the study will contribute to counseling and guidance counseling, SCG and other related fields.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=72915</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 1[67-93]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/204</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Selçuklular Döneminde Azerbaycanlı Fıkıh Âlimleri ve Fıkıh İlmine Katkıları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Azerbaijani Fiqh Scholars During the Seljuk Period and Their Contributions to the Science Of Fiqh]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ömer MENEKŞE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukuku, Fıkıh, Azerbaycan, Selçuklular, Fakih]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Law, Fıqh, Azerbaijan, Selçuks, Jurist]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Türk-İslam medeniyetinin anayurdu Orta Asya olmakla beraber, bilhassa bu büyük medeniyetin olgunlaştığı ve geliştiği yerler Azerbaycan, Karabağ, Horasan, Tebriz ve Nahcivan gibi bölgeler olmuştur. Orta Doğu ve Anadolu’dan Balkanlara kadar uzanan geniş bir alanda Müslüman Türk milletinin zirveye çıkardığı ve geliştirdiği birer ilim ve kültür şaheseri olan eserlerin ilk tohumları Orta Asya’da atılmış, Selçuklu İmparatorluğu’nun hâkimiyet alanı içerisinde bulunan Ön-Asya’da ve Kafkaslarda daha da gelişmiş, Anadolu ve Balkanlar’da ise en muhteşem devrini yaşamıştır. Şüphesiz Selçukluların oluşturduğu medeniyet ortamının ilim ve irfan tarihimizde mühim bir yeri vardır. Azerbaycan tarihçilerince Azerbaycan’ın “Altın Çağı” ve “İntibah devri” olarak adlandırılan Selçuklular dönemi de aslında bütünü itibariyle bu nitelemeyi fazlasıyla hak etmektedir. Zira Selçuklu Anadolu’su, bilim, edebiyat, tasavvuf, hatta bürokrasi alanında önde gelen uluslararası simaları barındırmıştır. Başta Azerbaycan olmak üzere Orta Asya’dan, Horasan ve Endülüs’ten Anadolu’ya gelen ulema, şuara, üdeba, sanatkâr, sûfi ve bürokratlar özellikle XII-XIV. yüzyıllarda bu topraklarda yaşamış, hatta bir kısmı burada defnolmuştur. Bu simalar yalnızca isim olarak kalmamış, bu topraklara çok çeşitli tasavvuf, kültür ve düşünce akımlarını da taşımış, Anadolu’yu renkli ve parlak bir bilim, kültür ve düşünce merkezi haline getirmişlerdir. Başta Anadolu ve Azerbaycan coğrafyası olmak üzere, İslam dünyasının hemen her yerinde izlerine rastlanan Azerbaycan menşeli âlimlerin büyük bölümü, tasavvufun yanı sıra tefsir, hadis, fıkıh, felsefe ve edebiyat gibi alanlarda kıymetli eserler vermiştir. İşte bu çalışmada da Aynülkudât Hemedanî el-Miyânecî (ö. 525/1131), Kadı İzzeddin Muhammed er-Râzî el-Urmevî, (ö.654/1256), Kadı Şehâbeddin en-Nahcivânî (ö.664/1265), Sirâcüddîn el-Urmevî (ö. 682/1283), Safiyyüddîn el-Hindî el-Urmevî (ö.715/1315) gibi Selçuklular döneminde yaşamış Azerbaycan’lı fakihler ve ortaya koydukları fıkhî çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Anadolu ve Azerbaycan arasında kurulan kültür köprüsünün mimarları olan bu âlimlerin fıkıh ilmine katkıları, tarih, tabakat ve biyografik eserlerden elde edilen malumat değerlendirilmek suretiyle incelenmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Although the homeland of Turkish-Islamic culture and civilization is Central Asia, the places where this great culture and civilization developed and matured were regions such as Khorasan, Azerbaijan, Karabakh, Nakhchivan and Tabriz. The first seeds of these works, which are works of science and culture developed and brought to the top by the Muslim Turkish nation in a wide area extending to the Anatolia, Middle East and even the Balkans, were sown in Central Asia, developed in the Caucasus and Pre-Asia within the sovereignty of the Seljuk Empire, and experienced its most glorious era in Anatolia and the Balkans. Undoubtedly, the civilization environment created by the Seljuks has an important place in our history of science and wisdom. The Seljuk period, which is called the "Golden Age" and "Intibah period" of Azerbaijan by Azerbaijani historians, actually deserves this description as a whole. Because Seljuk Anatolia hosted leading international figures in the fields of science, literature, mysticism and even bureaucracy. Scholars, poets, literary figures, artists, sufis and bureaucrats who came to Anatolia from Central Asia, especially Azerbaijan, Khorasan and Andalusia, especially in the XII-XIV centuries. They lived in these lands for centuries, and some of them were even buried here. These figures did not remain just names, they also brought various sufism, culture and thought movements to these lands and made Anatolia a colorful and bright center of science, culture and thought. Most of the Azerbaijani scholars, whose traces can be seen all over the Islamic world, especially in Anatolia and Azerbaijan, have produced valuable works in fields such as tafsir, hadith, fiqh, philosophy and literature, as well as sufism. In this study, such as Ayn al-Qudât-i Hamadânî (d. 525/1131), Qadî Izzeddin Muhammad er-Râzî al-Urmawi, (d.654/1256), Qadî Shihāb ad-Dīn al-Nakhjivani (d.664/1265), Siraj al-Din al-Urmawi (d. 682/1283), Safî al-Dîn al-Hindî al- Urmawi, (d.715/1315) and other el -Azerbaijani jurists who lived during the Seljuk period and their fiqh works were discussed. The contributions of these scholars, who were the architects of the cultural bridge established between Anatolia and Azerbaijan, to the science of fiqh were discussed by evaluating the information obtained from history, literature and biographical works.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=72895</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 1[95-132]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/205</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Özel Gereksinimli Çocuğa Sahip Ebeveynler ile Normal Gelişim Gösteren Çocuğa Sahip Ebeveynlerin Tanrı Algısı ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Investigation of God Perception and Psychological Well-Being Levels of Parents of Children with Special Needs and Parents of Children with Normal Development]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Bahar AKOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Volkan DEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psikoloji, özel gereksinimli birey; Psikolojik iyi oluş; Tanrı algısı, Ebeveyn, Aile]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology, individual with special needs; Psychological well-being; Perception of God, Parent, Family]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Çalışmada özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip ebeveynler ile normal gelişim gösteren çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin Tanrı algısı ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Çalışmanın katılımcılarını İstanbul ilinde özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde öğrenim görmekte olan 159’u özel gereksinimi olan, 285’i normal gelişim gösteren çocuğu olan kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen ebeveyn oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya ilişkin veriler, Demografik Bilgi Formu, Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği (PİOÖ) ve Tanrı Algısı Ölçeği (TAÖ) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Çalışma, ilişkisel tarama modeline uygun olarak planlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda, ölçüm araçlarından elde eldilen verilerin arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek için Bağımsız Örneklemler t-testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubuna katılan ebeveynlerin Tanrı algıları ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişki Pearson korelasyon analizi yapılarak tespit edilmiştir. Ebeveynlerin tanrı algılarının psikolojik iyi oluşu yordama gücünü belirlemek amacıyla ise çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada özel gereksinimli çocuğu olmayan ebeveynlerin psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyinin, olanlara göre anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Özel gereksinimli çocuğu ilaç kullanan ebeveynlerin, kullanmayanlara göre psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyi anlamlı olarak yüksek saptanmıştır.  Çalışmada her iki grupta Tanrı’ya yönelik olumlu duyguların psikolojik iyi oluşu anlamlı pozitif yönde yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma Tanrı’ya yönelik pozitif duyguların ve çocuğun ilaç kullanımının psikolojik iyi oluşa olumlu katkı sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular alanyazında yer alan araştırmalar ile birlikte tartışılmış, ileride yapılması planlanan araştırmalar adına önerilerde bulunulmuştur.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;In the study, it was aimed to compare the perception of God and psychological well-being levels of parents with children with special needs and parents with normally developing children. The participants of the study consisted of 159 parents with children with special needs and 285 parents with children with normal development, who are studying in special education and rehabilitation centres in Istanbul, selected by convenience sampling method. The data related to the study were measured using the Demographic Information Form, Psychological Well-Being Scale (PBI) and Perception of God Scale (PTS). The research was conducted in accordance with the relational screening model. In line with the purpose of the study, Independent Samples t-test was used to test the relationship between the data obtained from the measurement tools. The relationship between the perceptions of God and psychological well-being of the parents participating in the study group was determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the predictive power of parents' perceptions of God on psychological well-being. In the study, it was found that the psychological well-being level of parents who did not have children with special needs was significantly higher than those who did. The level of psychological well-being of parents whose children with special needs use medication was found to be significantly higher than those who did not use medication. In the study, it was found that positive feelings towards God predicted psychological well-being in a significant positive way in both groups. The study revealed that positive feelings towards God and the child's drug use contributed positively to psychological well-being. The findings obtained from the study were discussed together with the studies in the literature and suggestions were made for future research.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=72800</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 1[1-21]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/206</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Bir Vefât-Nâme Örneği Olarak Manzûme-i Vefât-ı Ebû Bekr-i Sıddîk]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Manzûme-i Vefât-ı Ebû Bekr-i Sıddîk as an Example of Vefâtnâme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hacer SAĞLAM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[yazma eser, edebî tür, vefât-nâme, Manzûme-i Vefât-ı Ebû Bekr-i Sıddîk, mesnevi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[manuscript, literary genre, vefâtnâme, Manzûme-i Vefât-ı Ebû Bekr-i Sıddîk, masnavi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Klasik Türk edebiyatında ölüm ile ilgili türlerden olan vefât-nâmeler, bilhassa, din büyüklerinin vefatları hakkında yazılmış edebî eserleri oluşturur. Çoğunlukla manzum olan bu eserler, yine çoğunlukla mesnevi nazım şekli ile kaleme alınmıştır. Mersiyeden farklı olarak duygusal nitelikli olmadığı bilinen vefât-nâmeler, üstün maneviyatları ile de bağlantılı şekilde, daha çok dinî şahsiyetlerin vefatları itibarıyla kaleme alınmıştır. Kütüphane kayıtlarında birçoğu Hz. Peygamber’in vefatına ilişkin olduğu görülen bu türün örneklerinin, dört halifeden Hz. Ebû Bekir, Hz. Ömer, Hz. Ali; ayrıca Hz. Peygamber’in Mâriye’den olma, küçük yaşta vefat eden oğlu İbrahim, Hz. Fatıma gibi İslam şahsiyetlerinin vefatları için de yazılmış olduğu görülmektedir. Genel olarak tarihî kayıtlarla örtüşmekle birlikte, vefât-nâme türü eserlerdeki aktarımlar, bazı hadiselerin eklenmesi veya değiştirilmesi ile kimi zaman eksik veya yanlış bilgilerle karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, söz konusu edilen şahsiyetin maneviyatı ile ilişkili olarak zaman zaman menkıbevî nitelik kazanmış olayları da ihtiva ettiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan dört halifeden Hz. Ebû Bekir hakkındaki vefât-nâme örneği, Milli Kütüphane Yazmalar Koleksiyonu 938/4 numarada “Manzûme-i Vefât-ı Ebû Bekr-i Sıddîk” adı ile kayıtlı bulunmaktadır. 19. yüzyılda istinsah edildiği tahmin edilen eserin, müellifi ve müstensihi belli değildir. Eser, mesnevi nazım şeklinde ve &lt;em&gt;mefâ’îlün/mefâ’îlün/fe’ûlün&lt;/em&gt; vezninde olup 89 beyitten müteşekkildir. Çalışmada, eserin transkripsiyonlu metni, dil ve muhteva özellikleri üzerinde durulacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vefâtnâmes, &lt;/em&gt;one of death-themed genres in classical Turkish literature, are literary works written about the death of religious figures in particular. These works, which are mostly in verse, were mostly written in masnavi verse. Unlike elegies (mersiye), they are not emotional in nature, and were largely written down when the religious figures died, in connection with their superior spirituality qualities. The majority of vefâtnâmes housed in library archives focus on the death of the Prophet Muhammad; however, some also focus on Hz. Ebû Bekir, Hz. Ömer, Hz. Ali, the Prophet’s son Ibrahim (who born of Mâriye and died at a young age), and Hz. Fatima. Although the information in the vefâtnâmes generally overlaps with the historical records, the literary nature of the works has led to the fact that these works sometimes gain an anecdotal quality with the addition of some events. The subject of this study, “Manzûme-i Vefât-ı Ebû Bekr-i Sıddîk,” which is an example of vefâtnâme about Abu Bakr from the four caliphs, is registered in the National Library Manuscripts Collection (number 938/4). The author and copyist of the work, which is estimated to have been copied in the nineteenth century, are unknown. The work was written in masnavi verse and &lt;em&gt;mefâ’îlün/mefâ’îlün/fe’ûlün&lt;/em&gt; meter and consisted of 89 couplets. The study will focus on the work’s transcribed version, its linguistic and its content features.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=72408</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 4[477-490]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/207</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Abdurrahman Şeref Güzelyazıcı’nın Yayınlanmamış Şiirleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Unpublished Poems of Abdurrahman Şeref Güzelyazıcı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Necmi ATİK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Klasik Türk Edebiyatı, Abdurrahman Şeref Güzelyazıcı, Şiir, Gazel, Nazîre.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Classical Turkish Literature, Abdurrahman Şeref Güzelyazıcı, Poetry, Ghazal, Nazire.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e intikal eden klasik Türk edebiyatının önemli sîmâlarından ve Türk milletinin son dönemde yetiştirdiği mümtaz şahsiyetlerden birisi de, farklı alanlarda eserler kaleme almış velûd bir yazar olan ve İstanbul Müftülüğü vazifesini sürdürürken vefat eden Abdurrahman Şeref Güzelyazıcı’dır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin son döneminde ilim ve sanat ehli bir aile içerisinde yetişmiş olan Güzelyazıcı, “Şeref” mahlasını kullanarak aruz ve hece vezninde yüzlerce şiir kaleme almıştır. Onun şiir sahasındaki çalışmalarından olan &lt;em&gt;Eylül Yaprakları &lt;/em&gt;adlı eseri&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;1938 yılında, &lt;em&gt;Gönül Yolcuları&lt;/em&gt; adlı eseri de 1944 yılında sağlığında yayınlanmış, vefâtından sonra ise, 582 manzûmeden oluşan Divan’ı, Emrah Gökçe tarafından çalışılarak neşredilmiştir. Şiir kitaplarından basılacaklar arasında bulunduğu tespit edilen &lt;em&gt;Bahar Dalları&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Hakikat Çiçekleri&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Telden Tele&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Mezar&lt;/em&gt; (Makber naziresi) adlı eserlerine ise ulaşılamamıştır. Güzelyazıcı, Dâru’l-Fünûn’a bağlı İlahiyat Fakültesi’ni okuduğu yıllarda, “Ben o deryadan bir katreyim” dediği Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır’ın özel talebesi olmuş ve kendisi, hocasından çok istifade ettiğini beyan etmiştir. Elmalılı’nın metrukâtında yaptığımız araştırmalarda tespit ettiğimiz şiirlerinden anlaşılacağı üzere Güzelyazıcı, vefatına kadar hocasına sık sık ziyarette bulunmuştur. Bu ziyaretleri esnasında aynı zamanda bir şâir olan hocasına, farklı zamanlarda kendi el yazısı ile yazdığı şiirlerinden takdim etmiştir. Tepitlerimize göre bu şiirlerden Elmalılı’nın metrukâtı içerisinde Güzelyazıcı’ya âit 44 gazel ve 11 nazîre şiiri bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu metrukâttaki şiirlerden bir kısmı Güzelyazıcı’nın yayınlanmış eserlerinde yer almaktadır. Çalışmamızın konusu, Elmalılı’nın metrukâtında bulunan ve Güzelyazıcı’nın eserlerinde yer almayan ve ilk defa yayınlanacak olan 26 gazeli ve 8 nazîresi üzerinedir. Bu çalışmamız ile, klasik Türk edebiyatı tarihimize aruzun son temsilcilerinden biri sayılan Güzelyazıcı’nın bilinmeyen şiirleri de kazandırılmış olacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Abdurrahman Şeref Güzelyazıcı, a prolific writer who wrote works in different fields and died while continuing his duty as Mufti of Istanbul, is one of the most important figures of classical Turkish literature and one of the distinguished personalities raised by the Turkish nation in the last period which was transferred from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic. Güzelyazıcı, who was raised in a family of experts in science and art in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, wrote hundreds of poems in aruz and syllable meter using the pseudonym "Şeref". One of his works in the field of poetry, Eylül Yaprakları, was published in 1938, and Gönül Yolcuları, in 1944, when he was alive, and after his death, his Divan, consisting of 582 poems, was studied and published by Emrah Gökçe. His works named Bahar Branches, Truth Flowers, Telden Tele, Mezar (Makber naziresi), which were determined to be among the poetry books, could not be reached. Güzelyazıcı became a special student of Muhammed Hamdi Yazır from Elmalı, whom he said "I am a drop from that sea" when he was studying at the Faculty of Theology affiliated to Daru'l-Fünûn, and he declared that he benefited a lot from his teacher. As can be understood from the poems we identified in the researches we conducted on Elmalılı's heritage, Güzelyazıcı visited his teacher frequently until his death. During these visits, he presented his own handwritten poems to his teacher, who was also a poet, at different times. According to our observations, among these poems, there are 44 ghazals and 11 nazîre poems belonging to Güzelyazıcı in Elmalılı's heritage. Some of the poems in the aforementioned heritage works are included in the published works of Güzelyazıcı. The subject of our study is about 34 poems with 26 ghazals and 8 nazire, which are in Elmalılı's heritage works and are not included in Güzelyazıcı's works and will be published for the first time.  With this study, the unknown poems of Güzelyazıcı, who is considered one of the last representatives of aruz prosody, will be brought to our history of classical Turkish literature.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=72230</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 1[23-65]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/208</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Vehhhabiliğin Tekfirci Söylemine Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım: Süleyman b. Abdilvehhâb]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Critical Approach to The Takfirist Discourse of Wahhâbism: Sulayman Ibn Abd al-Wahhâb]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhyettin İĞDE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi, Süleyman b. Abdilvehhâb, Muhammed b. Abdilvehhâb, Vehhabilik, Tekfir]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Islamic Sects, Sulayman Ibn Abd al-Wahhâb, Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhâb, Vahhabism, Takfir]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Muhammed b. Abdilvehhâb’ın kardeşi Süleyman tarafından yazılan &lt;em&gt;es-Sevâ‘iku’l-İlâhiyye&lt;/em&gt; adlı eser Vehhabiliğe reddiye eserler arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Eserin Vehhabiliğin kurucu ismi Muhammed b. Abdilvehhâb’ın kardeşi ve Hanbeli mezhebine mensup bir alim tarafından yazılmış olması onun etkisini ve şöhrete kavuşmasını önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Süleyman b Abdilvehhâb'ın bu eseri Selefi - Vehhabilerin, Ehl-i Hadis - Hanbeli geleneğin tamamını temsil etmediğini göstermesi açısından önemli bir çalışmadır. Süleyman b. Abdilvehhâb, Vehhhâbilik eleştirisinde “tekfir sorunu”nu merkeze almış, diğer konuları da bu bağlamda ele almıştır. Vehhabiler kendilerinin dışındaki kimseleri tekfir ederken hangi argümanlara dayanmaktadır? Müslümanlar hangi şartlarda ve hangi gerekçelerle tekfir edilebilirler? Vehhabilerin şirk olarak addettikleri uygulamalar hakkında geçmiş ulemanın görüşleri nelerdir? Özellikle kabirleri ziyaret, ziyaret sırasında gerçekleştirilen uygulamalar, ölülerden herhangi bir şey isteme, onlara adak adama benzeri uygulamalar hakkında geçmiş ulemanın tavrı ne olmuştur? Vehhabiler bu konuda Kur’an, Sünnet ve geçmiş ulemanın görüşlerine uygun hareket etmişler midir? Bu çalışma Süleyman b. Abdilvehhâb’ın &lt;em&gt;es-Sevâ‘iku’l-İlâhiyye&lt;/em&gt; adlı eserinden hareketle bu ve benzeri sorulara cevap aramaya çalışmaktadır. Bu noktada Süleyman b. Abdilvehhâb, Vehhabilerin dinde yetkin olmadıklarını ileri sürmüştür. Süleyman, Vehhabilerin benimsediği tekfir anlayışının yanlışlığını ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. Müslümanların haksız ve mesnetsiz bir şekilde tekfir edilmesinin yanlış olduğunu Kur’an, Sünnet, İbn Teymiyye ve İbn Kayyim gibi imamların görüşleri başta olmak üzere çeşitli deliller ortaya koymak suretiyle ispatlama yoluna gitmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The work named &lt;em&gt;al-Sawâ‘iq al-Ilâhiyya&lt;/em&gt;, written by Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhâb’s brother, Sulayman, has an important place among the works that reject Wahhabism. The fact that the work was written by a scholar from the Hanbali sect and brother of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhâb, the founding name of Wahhabism, significantly impacted his influence and fame. This work of Sulayman Ibn Abd al-Wahhâb is an important study in that it shows that Salafi-Wahhabis do not represent the whole Ahl al-Hadith-Hanbali tradition. Sulayman Ibn Abd al-Wahhâb focused on the issue of “takfir” in his criticism of Wahhabism and dealt with other issues in this context. What arguments do the Wahhabis rely on when making takfir of people other than themselves? Under what conditions and on what grounds can Muslims be declared an unbeliever? What are the views of the past ulamâ about the practices that Wahhabis consider shirk? What was the attitude of the past ulamâ about visiting the graves, the practices carried out during the visit, asking for anything from the dead, and taking the vow to them? Have the Wahhabis acted in accordance with the Qur'an, Sunnah, and the views of the past ulamâ on this issue? This study tries to find answers to these and similar questions based on Sulayman Ibn Abd al-Wahhâb’s work named &lt;em&gt;al-Sawâ‘iq al-Ilâhiyya&lt;/em&gt;. At this point, Sulayman Ibn Abd al-Wahhâb argued that the Wahhabis were not competent in religion. Sulayman tried to reveal the falsity of the takfir understanding adopted by the Wahhabis. He tried to prove that it is wrong to unjustly and unjustifiably blaspheme Muslims, by presenting various pieces of evidence, primarily the Qur’an, Sunnah, and opinions of imams such as Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=72125</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 3[257-270]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/209</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Narsisizm ve Saldırganlık İlişkisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Relationship of Narcissism and Aggression]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hatice ACAR ÇINAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Berra ERGÜL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din psikolojisi, narsisizm, saldırganlık, kırılgan narsisizm, büyüklenmeci narsisizm, teoloji]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of religion, narcissism, aggression, vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism, theology]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu çalışmanın amacı, İlahiyat Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin narsistik eğilimleri ile saldırgan tutumları arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmektir. Ayrıca cinsiyet, yaş, ikamet yeri, gelir düzeyi gibi değişkenlerin narsistik eğilimler ve saldırganlık üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek de çalışmanın diğer bir hedefidir. Veriler anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmamızda iki ölçek kullanılmıştır. Bunlardan ilki, Glover ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilen, Sherman ve ark. tarafından yapılandırılan 60 maddelik “Beş Faktörlü Narsisizm Ölçeğinin Kısa Formu”dur. Söz konusu ölçek, Ekşi tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanmıştır. İkincisi ise esasen Buss ve Perry tarafından geliştirilen ve Madran tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Saldırganlık Ölçeği”dir. Anket metnimize sosyo-demografik bilgi formu da eklenmiştir. Araştırmaya amaçlı örneklem metodu ile belirlenen 209 kişi katılmıştır.  Gönüllülük esasının gözetildiği çalışmada, ilişkisel tarama modeli tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı bunu gerektirmiştir. Toplanan veriler SPSS 26 programıyla çözümlenmiş; korelasyon, frekans ve t testi ile ANOVA yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre narsisizmle saldırganlık arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmiştir. Yaş, gelir düzeyi, ikamet yeri değişkeni ile narsisizm arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Cinsiyet değişkeni ile narsisizm ve büyüklenmeci narsisizm arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Yaş değişkeni ile saldırganlık ölçeği ve boyutları arasında sözel saldırganlık boyutu dışında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Cinsiyet değişkenin fiziksel saldırganlık ve sözel saldırganlıkla ise anlamlı bir ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The aim of this study is to examine the narcissistic behaviors and aggressive attitudes which are becoming increasingly common in the Faculty of Theology. In addition, determining the amount of variables such as gender, age, residence, and income level on narcissistic tendencies and aggression is another budget of the study. Data were collected by survey technique. Two scales were used in our study. The first of these is the 60-item "Short Form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Scale" which was devoloped by Glover et al., structured by Sherman et al. The scale was adapted into Turkish by Ekşi. The second scale is the "Aggression Scale", which was originally developed by Buss and Perry and adapted into Turkish by Madran. A socio-demographic information form has been added to our survey text. 209 people determined by purposeful sampling method participated in the research. In the study, where the principle of volunteering was observed, the relational screening model was preferred. The purpose of the study  required this. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 26 program; frequency was analyzed using frequency test and ANOVA methods. According to the results of the research, a positive significant relationship was observed between narcissism and aggression. There was no significant difference between age, income level, residence variable and narcissism. There is a significant relationship between the gender variable and general narcissism and grandiose narcissism. There is a negative significant relationship between the age variable and the appearance and dimensions of aggression, except for the verbal aggression dimension. There is a significant relationship between gender variable, physical aggression and verbal aggression.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=72019</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 3[207-231]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/210</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Minhâcu’l-Âbidin Adlı Eseri Bağlamında Gazâli’de İbadet Kavramının Psikolojik Tahlili]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Psychological Analysis of the Concept of Worship in Ghazali in the Context of Minhâcu'l-Âbidin]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Elif PANCAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, İbadet, Anksiyete, Anlam, Başa Çıkma, Benlik, Diğerkamlık, Dindarlık, İd, Narsisizm, Nefs, Nefs Terbiyesi, Nefs Psikolojisi, Ölüm, Tüketim Toplumu, Yalnızlık, Sorumluluk.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Worship, Anxiety, Meaning, Coping, Ego, Altruism, Religiousness, Id, Narcisism, Nafs, Transpersonal Psychology, Death, Consumer Society, Loneliness, Responsibility.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Gazâli, “Cennete Götüren Âbidler Yolu” isimli eserinde, ibadetin makbul olmasını yedi engelin aşılmasına bağlamıştır. Bahsettiği yedi engel, aynı zamanda nefs mertebelerini ve modern psikolojide dillendirilen bazı kavramları akla getirir. Gazâli’ye göre ilk engel, ilimdir. Mümin ibadet edeceği varlıkla ilgili akâid ve fıkıh bilgisine sahip olmalı, adı geçen ilimleri anlayabilmek için kalp ve fiillerini de tanımalıdır. Bu aşamadan sonra ikinci engel şükürdür ki mümin ancak nimetin şükrünü eda edebilirse ibadetine anlam katabilir. Bu engel de aşıldıktan sonra üçüncü aşamada dünya, toplum, nefis ve şeytan engelleriyle karşılaşır. Özellikle nefsin göz, kulak, dil ve kalp yoluyla sebep olacağı sıkıntılardan ve gıybet, tûl-i emel, ucb, acelecilik, haset, kibir ve harama bulaşma gibi kötülüklerden ihlas ve samimiyet, ahlak ve akıl sayesinde uzak durmayı tavsiye eder. Bu uğurda kötülükten uzak kalmayı ictinabi, iyilik yapmayı iktisabi ibadet olarak tanımlar. Bu evreyi de geçtikten sonra afetler olarak tanımladığı rızık, tehlikeli düşünceler, kaza, sıkıntı ve musibetler geçidine ulaşıldığını belirtir. Bu aşamada işleri Allah’a havaleyi, ibadete sabrı ve ibadetle sabrı öğütler. Bir sonraki aşama olan beşinci evreye geçildiğinde problemleri aşma basamağına gelindiğini, bu noktada ölümü, kabri, kıyamet ve ahireti hatırlayarak havf ve reca yani korku ile ümit arasında tutum ve davranış geliştirmek gerektiğini belirtir. Altıncı aşamada ise mümini ihlasın terki, riya ve ucb (kendini beğenme) gibi gizli tehlikelerin beklediğini söyler ki adı geçen tehlikelere karşı tedbirli olmak için yine ihlaslı olmayı ve başarıyı Allahtan bilmeyi nasihat eder. Son aşamada hamd ve şükrün gerekliliğini, gerçek hamd ve şükür sahibinin nimet ehli olduğunu, hamd ve şükrün nimeti kalıcı hale getirdiğini, ibadette bulunma ve kötülüklerden kaçmanın da bir nevi şükür olduğunu dile getirir. Tüm aşamaları tamamlamayı başaran her müminin, ibadetinin makbul olduğunu hissedeceğini hem dünyada hem de ahirette başarısının karşılığını alacağını söyler. Bir nevi ibadetle nefis terbiyesini ya da nefis terbiyesinin ibadet olduğunu izah eden Gazâli’nin anlatım biçimi, hayatın anlamı, diğerkamlık, kaygı bozukluğuna karşı tedbirler, yalnızlık ve yalıtılmışlık duygusu ve önlemleri, sorumluluk, ölüm anksiyeteleri ve önlemleri, başa çıkma, narsisizmle mücadele, duygu durum bozukluklarına karşı önlemler, dini yönelim gibi pek çok psikolojik kavramı çağrıştırmaktadır. Bu da İslam kültüründe psikoloji bilimi kavramsal gelişimini tamamlamadan önce var olan ve psikolojiyi besleyecek çok değerli kaynakların bulunduğunu kanıtlamaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ghazali, in his work titled "The Path of the Worshipers That Leads to Heaven", attributes the acceptance of worship to the overcoming of seven obstacles. The seven obstacles he mentions also bring to mind the levels of the soul and some concepts expressed in modern psychology. According to Ghazali, the first obstacle is science. A believer should have knowledge of creed and fiqh about the being he will worship, and should know his heart and actions in order to understand the sciences mentioned above. After this stage, the second obstacle is gratitude, which means that the believer can only add meaning to his worship if he can give thanks for the blessing. After this obstacle is overcome, in the third stage, the world encounters the obstacles of the society, the soul and the devil. In particular, he advises to stay away from the troubles that the soul may cause through eyes, ears, tongue and heart, and from evils such as backbiting, “tul-i-emel”, ubb, haste, envy, arrogance and contagion with haram, by means of sincerity and sincerity, morality and reason. For this reason, he defines staying away from evil as necessary and doing good as acquisitive worship. He states that after passing this stage, the passage of sustenance, dangerous thoughts, accidents, troubles and misfortunes, which he defines as disasters, has been reached. At this stage, he advises transferring affairs to Allah, patience in worship, and patience through worship. He states that when the next stage, the fifth stage, is passed, the step of overcoming the problems has been reached, and at this point, it is necessary to develop an attitude and behavior between havf and reca, that is, fear and hope, by remembering death, grave, doomsday and the hereafter. In the sixth stage, he says that hidden dangers such as abandonment of sincerity, hypocrisy and ugliness (self-conceit) await the believer, and he advises being sincere and knowing success from Allah in order to be cautious against the aforementioned dangers. At the last stage, he states that the necessity of praise and gratitude, the owner of true praise and gratitude is the owner of blessings, that praise and gratitude make the blessing permanent, and praying and avoiding evil is a kind of gratitude. He says that every believer who succeeds in completing all the stages will feel that his worship is acceptable, and that he will be rewarded for his success both in this world and in the hereafter. Ghazali's expression style, which explains the self-development or self-development is worship in a way, the meaning of life, altruism, measures against anxiety disorder, loneliness and isolation feeling and measures, responsibility, death anxiety and precautions, coping, struggle against narcissism, emotion. It evokes many psychological concepts such as measures against mood disorders and religious orientation. This proves that there are invaluable resources to feed psychology in Islamic culture before the science of psychology completes its conceptual development. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=71992</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 4[427-456]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/211</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Dan Brown’ın Eserlerindeki Ateist Karakterlerin Dine Yönelik Eleştirileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Investigation on the Criticism of Religion by Atheist Characters in Dan Brown's Works]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hüsnü AYDENİZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ebru BAYRAM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Felsefe, Din, Bilim, Ateizm, Dan Brown.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy, Religion, Science, Atheism, Dan Brown]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu makalenin amacı, çağdaş dönemde edebiyat dünyasının en etkili yazarlarından olan Dan Brown’ın eserlerindeki ateist karakterlerin dine yönelik eleştirilerini incelemek ve bu eleştirileri felsefi bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirmektir. Brown’ın dünya çapında kazanmış olduğu şöhret ve kitaplarının yaygın bir şekilde yayımlanması böyle bir çalışmanın yapılmasında etkili olmuştur. Makalede temel olarak Brown tarafından kaleme alınmış olan eserler ele alınmış ve özellikle Batı dünyasında onun kitapları hakkında hazırlanmış olan çalışmalardaki analizlerden yararlanılmıştır. Ülkemizde Brown üzerine hazırlanmış olan çok az sayıdaki akademik çalışma dikkate alındığında, onun en çok satanlar listesinde yer alan eserlerinin felsefi bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesinin literatürdeki boşluğa katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Brown’ın çalışmaları felsefe, din ve bilimin kesiştiği alanlarda pek çok farklı konuya değinmektedir. Bu konuların başında hayatının anlamının arayışında başvurulan bazı temel sorular bulunur: “Nereden geldik? Bu dünyada niçin varız? Nereye gideceğiz?” Brown’ın eserlerindeki bazı karakterlerin bu sorular üzerinde yoğun bir tartışmaya girdikleri görülür. Tartışmalar oldukça geniş bir alanda yürütüldüğü için konu bu eserlerdeki ateist karakterlerin din eleştirileriyle sınırlandırılmıştır. Tartışmaların farklı boyutlarının görülebilmesi için dindar ve dine mesafeli olmakla birlikte objektif bir tavır sergilemeye çalışan karakterlerin yaklaşımlarına da yer verilmiştir. Ateist eleştiriler dine yönelik kategorik karşıtlık, epistemolojik ve ahlaki eleştiriler şeklinde üç ana başlıkta ele alınmış, bunların güçlü ve zayıf yanları vurgulanmıştır. Kuşkusuz Brown’ın karakterlerinin ifade ettiği şeyler yeni olmayıp, düşünce tarihinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan değerlendirmelerdir. Ancak, onun etkileyici üslubunun ve güncel verilerden yararlanmasının tartışmalara açılım kazandırdığı söylenebilir. Eserlerdeki karakterlerin eleştirileri büyük oranda Hıristiyanlık merkezli olsa da, bunların bütün dinî gelenekler, özellikle de teistik gelenekler açısından dikkate alınmaları gerekir. Bu vesileyle, farklı dünya görüşleri arasındaki müzakerelerin daha fazla fayda sağlayacak bir düzlemde yürütülmesi söz konusu olacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The aim of this article is to examine the criticisms of atheist characters in the works of Dan Brown, one of the most influential writers in the contemporary literary world, and to evaluate these criticisms from a philosophical point of view. Brown's worldwide fame and the widespread publication of his books have been effective in conducting such a study. In the article, mainly the works written by Brown were discussed and especially the analyzes in the studies prepared about his books in the Western world were used. Considering the very few academic studies on Brown in our country, it is thought that evaluating his best-selling works from a philosophical perspective will contribute to the gap in the literature. Brown's work addresses a wide range of issues at the intersection of philosophy, religion and science. At the beginning of these topics, there are some basic questions applied in the search for the meaning of the life: “Where did we come from? Why do we exist in this world? Where will we go?" Some of the characters in Brown's works seem to have an intense discussion on these questions. Since the discussions were carried out in a very wide area, the subject was limited to the criticism of religion by atheist characters in these works. In order to see the different dimensions of the debates, the article also includes the approaches of characters who are religious and those who are distant from religion but try to adopt an objective attitude. Atheist criticisms are discussed under three main headings: Categorical opposition to religion, epistemological and moral criticisms, and their strengths and weaknesses are emphasised. Undoubtedly, what Brown's characters are expressing is not new, but rather common in the history of thought.  However, it can be said that his impressive style and his use of current data have opened up the discussions. Although criticisms of the characters in the works are largely Christian-centered, they need to be considered in terms of all religious traditions, especially theistic ones. On this occasion, negotiations between different worldviews will be carried out on a more beneficial platform.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=71768</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 4[457-475]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/212</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kindî'de Tanrı-Âlem İlişkisinin Madde, Hareket ve Zaman Kavramları Bağlamında Yorumlanması]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Interpretation the Relationship Between God and Universe in al-Kindî in the Context of Matter, Motion and Time]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Semra Tüfenkci ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, Kindî, Aristoteles, Tanrı, âlem, madde, hareket, zaman.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of religion, al-Kindi, Aristotle, God, universe matter, motion, time.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu makalenin konusu Kindî’nin madde, hareket ve zaman kavramları bağlamında Tanrı-âlem ilişkisine yaklaşımıdır. Kindî bu kavramlardan yola çıkarak âlemin ezelî olduğu tezine karşı, argümanlar sunmakta ve buradan Tanrı tarafından yoktan yaratılan bir âlem anlayışına varmaktadır. Kindî’nin bu bağlamdaki görüşleri ele alınırken filozofun felsefî kaynaklarından olan Aristoteles’in yorumlarına yer verilmiştir. Aristoteles'in görüşleri, Kindî'nin görüşleriyle karşılaştırılırken her iki filozofun madde, hareket ve zamanın ezelîliği konusunda farklı görüşlerde oldukları anlaşılmıştır.  Bu farklılık Tanrı-âlem ilişkisi problemine yaklaşımlarında da görülmektedir. Aristoteles madde, hareket ve zamanı ezelî olarak kabul ederken, Kindî madde, hareket ve zamanın ezelî olmadığını; diğer her şey gibi Tanrı tarafından yaratıldığını ifade etmektedir. Aristoteles hareket ve zaman kavramlarından İlk Muharrik’e gider. Ona göre İlk Muharrik var olması kaçınılmaz olan zorunlu bir varlıktır.  İlk Muharrik’in âlemle ilişkisi ise, ilk hareketi vermekle sınırlıdır. Tanrı’nın yetkin, bilgin, diri, aşkın, değişmez, ezelî ve ebedî olduğu konusunda Aristoteles ve Kindî’nin görüşleri örtüşmekle birlikte Tanrı-âlem ilişkisi konusunda ayrışırlar. Kindî’nin özgür iradesiyle âlemi yoktan yaratan ve âlem ile sürekli ilişki hâlinde olan bir varlık olarak tasavvur ettiği Tanrı, “Gerçek Bir”dir. “Bir” sayı değildir. O, Mutlak bir olduğu için çokluk barındırmaz. Gerçek birin maddesi, formu, niceliği, niteliği ve izafeti yoktur. Özetle Tanrı ve Tanrı-âlem ilişkisi gibi konularda farklı filozofların görüşlerinden etkilenmiş olan Kindî’nin Aristoteles’inkiler dâhil bu görüşlerden herhangi birini olduğu gibi kabul etmeyip kendi sentezini yapmış olduğunu ifade edebiliriz.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;The subject of this article is al-Kindi's approach to the relationship between God and the universe in the context of the concepts of matter, motion, and time. Al-Kindi presents arguments against the thesis that the universe is eternal based on these concepts, leading to the understanding of a universe created by God out of nothing.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;While discussing al-Kindi's views in this context, the philosopher's philosophical sources, particularly Aristotle's interpretations, are also considered. When comparing Aristotle's views with al-Kindi's, it becomes apparent that both philosophers hold different perspectives on the eternity of matter, motion, and time. This difference is also reflected in their approaches to the problem of the relationship between God and the universe.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Aristotle accepts matter, motion, and time as eternal, while al-Kindi asserts that matter, motion, and time are not eternal but created by God like everything else. Aristotle attributes the concept of Prime Mover to motion and time, considering it a necessary being whose existence is inevitable. The relationship of the Prime Mover with the universe is limited to initiating the first motion. Although both Aristotle and al-Kindi agree that God is perfect, knowledgeable, living, transcendent, immutable, eternal, and everlasting, they differ in their approach to the relationship between God and the universe. Al-Kindi conceives God as a being with free will, who creates the universe out of nothing and remains in constant relationship with it, and refers to God as the "Real One." He is not a number but an absolute being, devoid of multiplicity because of His absolute nature. The Real One has no matter, form, quantity, quality, or relativity.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;In summary, al-Kindi, influenced by the views of various philosophers, including Aristotle, does not simply accept any of these views on God and the God-universe relationship but forms his own synthesis.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=71445</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 3[391-402]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/213</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Bir Bibliyometrik Analiz Örneği: Ulusal Tez Merkezinde İbn Hacer el-Askalânî’yi Konu Edinen Lisansüstü Tezler]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Example of A Bibliometric Analysis: Postgraduate Thesis Written On Ibn Hajar In National Thesis Center]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[M. Fatih YALÇIN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Emine KARAKUM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Tarihi, Memlük Devleti, İbn Hacer el-Askalânî, Bibliyometrik Analiz, Literatür Taraması, Ulusal Tez Merkezi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic History, Mamluks, Ibn Ḥaj̲ar al-ʿAsḳalānī, Bibliometrics Analysis, Literature, National Thesis Center ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Yaptığı çalışmalarla İslami ilimlerin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayan ve kendisinden sonra gelen âlimleri etkileyen ilim adamlarından birisi olan İbn Hacer el-Askalânî (v. 852/1449), ülkemizde 2013 yılından sonra her yıl, lisansüstü alanda konu olarak çalışılmıştır. Ona dair araştırılmayı bekleyen malzemeler; onun hayatının, eserlerinin ve fikirlerinin akademik ilim mirasımıza kazandırılması yönündeki ihtiyacı ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki lisansüstü tezlerde İbn Hacer’e dair veriler tespit edilip, bunların bibliyometrik analizi ve değerlendirmesi yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Amaç; ülkemizde ilk defa İbn Hacer üzerine literatür bilgisi sunan ve İbn Hacer’e dair yapılacak lisansüstü tezlerde ya da çalışmalarda yardımcı olabilecek yol haritası niteliğinde bir bibliyometrik analiz hazırlamaktır. Çalışma da cevap aranan sorular: İslam ilim geleneğini uzun yıllar düşünceleriyle etkileyen ve çok yönlü bir alim olan İbn Hacer’e Türkiye’deki lisansüstü tezlerde ne kadar ilgi gösterilmiştir? İbn Hacer veya eserlerini konu edinen tezlerin alanlara göre dağılımı, yıl ve tür bazlı verileri, yazar ve danışman bilgileri, tezlerdeki anahtar kelime ve başlıklarda tercih edilen kavramlar, tez yazarlarının yerli ve yabancı kaynaklardan faydalanma oranı nedir? İbn Hacer’in Buhari şerhi &lt;em&gt;Fethu’l-bârî&lt;/em&gt;’si başta olmak üzere önde gelen eserleri kaç tezde, hangi başlıklarla ele alınmıştır? Bunları cevaplamak için gerekli veriler; “YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezinin” veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada bibliyometrik analiz; performans analizi ve bilimsel haritalama yöntemi kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak; günümüze kadar İbn Hacer ve eserlerine dair, 28 yüksek lisans ve 8 doktora tezi olmak üzere toplamda 36 lisansüstü tez tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca söz konusu tezlerin %83’ünün Temel İslam Bilimleri Hadis Bilim Dalına yönelik olduğu ve İbn Hacer’in eserleri içerisinde en çok “&lt;em&gt;Fethu'l-bârî&lt;/em&gt;”, “&lt;em&gt;el-İsâbe&lt;/em&gt;”, “&lt;em&gt;Bulûgu’l-merâm&lt;/em&gt;” ve “&lt;em&gt;Nuhbetü’l-fiker&lt;/em&gt;”in tezlere konu edildiği gibi bilgilere ulaşılmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ibn Ḥaj̲ar al-ʿAsḳalānī (d. 852/1449) who is one of the scholars who influenced the scholars who came after him and contributed to the understanding of Islamic sciences with his studies, studied as a subject in the postgraduate field every year after 2013 in our country. Materials waiting to be researched about him reveal the need to bring his life, Works and thought in to our academic scientific heritage. The purpose of this study is to identify the data on Ibn Ḥaj̲ar in postgraduate theses in Turkey, and to make their bibliometric analysis and evaluation. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis which presents literature knowledge on Ibn Ḥaj̲ar was prepared for the first time in our country. This analysis has the feature of a road map that will help in postgraduate theses or studies on Ibn Ḥaj̲ar. The questions to be answered here are: How much interest has been shown to Ibn Ḥaj̲ar who influenced the tradition of Islamic science for many years with his thoughts and a versatile scholar in postgraduate studies in Turkey? What is the distribution of theses on Ibn Ḥaj̲ar by fields? What is are our in formation about researchers and their advisors? How is the year and type distribution of theses? What are the preferred keywords and concepts in the titles of theses? In how many theses and under which titles have the leading works of Ibn Ḥaj̲ar, especially &lt;em&gt;Fethu'l-bârî&lt;/em&gt;, been discussed? Data needed to answer these questions; It was obtained from the database of the “YÖK National Thesis Center”. In this study, bibliometric analysis was created using performance analysis and scientific mapping method. In conclusion; about Ibn Ḥaj̲ar and his works, a total of 36 theses, 28 of which are master's and 8 are doctoral dissertations, have been identified. In addition, it has been determined that 83% of these theses are related to Basic Islamic Sciences Hadith Knowledge and most of the works of Ibn Ḥaj̲ar, it was reached informations that, “&lt;em&gt;Fethu'l-bârî”, “el-İsâbe”, “Bulûgu’l-merâm” &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;“Nuhbetü’l-fiker” &lt;/em&gt;were the subject of theses.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=71274</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 19 Issue 1[151-181]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/214</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[DAEŞ Medyasında Dini Mesajlar: Konstantiniyye Dergisi Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Religious Messages in DEASH’s Media: The Case of Konstantiniyye Magazine]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Murat KARAMAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Terör, Medya, DAEŞ, İletişim Çalışmaları, İçerik Analizi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Terror, Media, DAESH, Communication Studies, Content Analysis]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;2000’li yılların başından itibaren Ortadoğu’daki atmosfer radikal terör örgütlerinin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu örgütlerden bir tanesi de Irak ve Şam İslam Devleti’dir (DAEŞ). Siyah bayrakları ve ele geçirdiği bölgelerdeki vahşi uygulamaları ile dünyanın en önemli sorunlarından birisi haline gelen örgüt, medyayı kullanım biçimi ile dikkat çekmiştir. Tıpkı diğer terör örgütleri için olduğu gibi DAEŞ için de medya, kamuoyunun dikkatini çekmenin temel araçlarından birisidir. Örgüt, bu amaç doğrultusunda ana akım medyada görünürlük kazanmak için gerçekleştirdiği eylemleri medyanın ilgisini çekecek şekilde kurgulamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, örgütün kendisinin yönettiği ve örgüt üyelerini motive etmek için de kullandığı medya organları mevcuttur. DAEŞ’in bir diğer önemli karakteristiği ise kendisini dini bir zeminde var etmiş olmasıdır. DAEŞ dini bir söylem ile ortaya çıkmış ve kendisini sözde İslam Devleti olarak tanımlamıştır. Bu nedenle, DAEŞ için dinin ne anlama geldiğini ortaya koymak önemlidir. Bu çalışma, örgütün Türkçe yayın organı olan Konstantiniyye Dergisi üzerinden örgütün dini söylemini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. DAEŞ, teknolojinin medyaya sunduğu imkânlardan yoğun şekilde faydalanmış, bu minvalde birçok dijital dergi de çıkarmıştır. Konstantiniyye, DAEŞ tarafından Mayıs 2015 ve Ağustos 2016 arasında yedi sayı yayınlanmış bir dijital dergidir. DAEŞ Dabık bölgesini kaybettikten sonra dergi yayınlanmamıştır. Çünkü Dabık, DAEŞ’in dini söyleminde merkezi bir konuma sahiptir. Çalışmada, dergideki dini mesajların analizi içerik ve söylem analizi yöntemlerine dayanmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Since the beginning of 2000s, the atmosphere in the Middle East has led to the emergence of radical terrorist organizations. One of these terrorist organizations is Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (DEASH). The organization, which has become one of the most important problems of the world with its black flags, brutal practices in the regions it has captured, and bombing actions, gained attention with its effective usage of the media. Just as other terrorist organizations, media is one of the basic tools to gain public attention for DEASH. For this purpose, the organization designed its actions in a way that will attract the attention of media to gain visibility in the mainstream media. In addition, there are media organs that the organization manages and uses to motivate the members of the organization. Another important characteristic of the organization is that it has created itself on a religious ground. DEASH emerged with a religious discourse and defined itself so-called “Islamic State”. Hence, it is important to reveal what is the meaning of religion for DEASH. This study aims to analyse DEASH's religious messages through the organization's Turkish publication, Konstantiniyye Magazine. DAESH has made extensive use of the opportunities technology offers to the media, and has also published many digital magazines in this regard. Konstantiniyye is a digital magazine published by DEASH between May 2015 and August 2016 in seven volumes. It wasn’t published after DEASH lost Dabiq. Because Dabıq region had a central position in DEASH’s religious discourse. In the study, the analysis of the religious messages in the magazine is based on the content and discourse analysis methods.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=71263</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 4[403-425]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/215</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Yoksul Şair Cahza el-Bermekî’nin Şiirlerinde Belâgat]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Rhetoric ın the Poets of the Poor Poet Jaḥẓa al-Barmakî]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mahsum TAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap dili ve belâgati, şiir, şair, Cahza el-Bermekî, Abbâsî]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic language, poetry, poet, Jaḥẓa al-Barmakî, Abbâsî]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Arap edebiyatının altın çağı olarak kabul edilen Abbâsî döneminde çok sayıda seçkin şair ve edip yetişmiştir. Bu dönemde yetişmiş ünlü şairlerden biri de kuşkusuz Cahza el-Bermekî’dir. Asıl adı Ahmed olmakla birlikte gözlerinin patlak olması nedeniyle Cahza lakabıyla meşhur olmuştur. Abbâsî yönetiminde etkin rol oynayan Bermekîler ailesine mensup olduğundan el-Bermekî nisbesiyle anılmıştır. Musikişinas, şair, edip ve birçok haberin râvisi olan Cahza, müzik ve edebiyata dair eserler kaleme almıştır. Telli bir müzik aleti olan tamburu çok güzel çaldığı için kendisine “et-tunbûrî/tamburcu” denilmiştir. Şair ve ediplerle ilgili çok sayıda haber rivayet ettiğinden “el-İhbârî/çok haber rivayet eden” ifadesiyle nitelenmiştir. Cahza el-Bermekî, nüktedan, hoşsohbet, dost ve arkadaşlarıyla sıklıkla mizaha başvuran bir kişiliğe sahip olmuştur. Bazı halifelerin davet üzerine saraya gitmiş ve onların özel meclislerinde şiir inşâd etmiştir. Ancak o, sarayın değil halk şairi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yoksul bir hayat yaşayan Cahza, şiir söyleyerek geçimini sağlamıştır. Şiirlerinde yoksulluğunu sık sık dile getirmiş, bu durumundan şikâyet etmiş ve kendisine miras bırakmayan anne-babasını hicivetmiştir. Yazdığı şiirler yüksek bir edebî değere sahip olmasına rağmen ülkemizde şiirlerinin edebî yönünü ele alan herhangi bir akademik çalışma yapılmamıştır. Çalışmada Cahza el-Bermekî’nin hayatı, eserleri, nükte ve mizah içerikli sözleri ve yoksulluğu detaya girmeden ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra çeşitli kaynaklarda dağınık olarak yer alan şiirlerinin edebî değeri ve ihtiva ettikleri söz sanatları incelenmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;During the Abbasid period, which is accepted as the golden age of Arabic literature, many distinguished poets and writers were raised. One of the famous poets who grew up in this period is undoubtedly Jaḥẓa el-Barmakî. Although his real name is Ahmad, he became famous with the nickname Jaḥẓa due to his out-of-sight eyes. Since he was a member of the Barmakids family, which played an active role in the Abbasid administration, he was referred to as al- Barmakî. Jaḥẓa, who is a musician, poet, writer and narrator of many news, wrote works on music and literature. He was called "et-tunbûrî/tamburcu" because he played the tambur, a stringed musical instrument, very well. Since he narrated a lot of news about poets and writers, he was described as "al-İhbarî/who narrates a lot of news". Jaḥẓa al- Barmakî had a humorous personality that often resorted to humor with his friends and colleagues. He went to the palace upon the invitation of some caliphs and composed poetry in their private assemblies. However, he was accepted as the folk poet, not the palace. Living a poor life, Jaḥẓa earned his living by singing poetry. He often expressed his poverty in his poems, complained about this situation, and satirized his parents, who did not leave him a legacy. Although his poems possess high literary value, there has not been any academic study in our country that delves into the literary aspects of his poetry. In this study, Jaḥẓa al-Barmakî's life, works, witty and humorous words and poverty are discussed without going into details. Then, the literary value of his poems, which are scattered in various sources, and the rhetoricits contain were examined.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=71250</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 3[329-348]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/216</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Motivasyonel Dindarlık ve Pozitiflik İlişkisi ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Relationship between Motivational Religiosity and Positivity of University Students]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nevzat GENCER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Motivasyonel Dindarlık, Din, Dindarlık, Pozitiflik, İyi Oluş]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Motivational Religiosity, Religion, Religiosity, Positivity, Well-Being]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu çalışmanın amacı motivasyonel dindarlık ile pozitiflik arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Hitit Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören 482 öğrencinin katıldığı araştırmada “Motivasyonel Dindarlık Ölçeği (MDÖ)” ve “Pozitiflik Ölçeği (PÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında Mayıs-Ağustos 2022 arasında toplanmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmada cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, ailenin algılanan ekonomik durumu, aile tipi ve aile tutumuna ilişkin anket ölçümleri uygulanmış, değişkenler arası ilişkiyi incelemek için de betimsel analizler ve korelâsyonel istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda örneklemin motivasyonel dindarlık ve pozitiflik düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcılar motivasyonel dindarlığın “Güç ve Güven Kaynağı Olarak Tanrı ile İlişki” (&lt;em&gt;GGKTİ&lt;/em&gt;)  alt boyutunda daha yüksek bir puan elde etmişlerdir. Motivasyonel dindarlık ve pozitifliğin cinsiyet değişkenine göre farklılık göstermediği, sınıf düzeyi değişkeninde ise sadece “Prososyal ve Dini-Entelektüel Sorumluluk” (&lt;em&gt;PDES&lt;/em&gt;) alt boyutunda 1. ve 2. sınıflar lehine farklılaşmanın olduğu görülmüştür. Ailenin algılanan ekonomik durumu değişkenine göre grupların pozitiflik düzeyleri farklılaşmazken, motivasyonel dindarlık düzeyinde (alt boyutlar dâhil) anlamlı farklılıklar söz konusudur. Algılanan ekonomik durum düzeyi arttıkça motivasyonel dindarlık düzeyleri azalmaktadır. Motivasyonel dindarlık aile tipi değişkenlerine göre de farklılaşmaktadır. En yüksek dindarlık puan ortalaması geniş aile tipinde, en düşük ortalama ise tek ebeveyn aile tipinde bulunmuştur. Ancak pozitiflik düzeyleri bakımından gruplar benzer özellikler göstermektedir. Aile tutumu değişkeninde, hem motivasyonel dindarlık ölçeği ve alt boyutlarında hem de pozitiflik ölçeğinde elde edilen puanlarda gruplar arasında çeşitli düzeylerde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Özellikle aile tutumu koruyucu, demokratik ve hoşgörülü olan bireylerin motivasyonel dindarlık puanları (alt boyutlar dâhil) diğerlerinden daha yüksek çıkmıştır. En düşük ortalama ise dengesiz/ilgisiz aile tutumu bildiren grupta saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte hoşgörülü, demokratik ve koruyucu aile tipi pozitifliği de daha çok desteklemektedir. Araştırma sonucunda motivasyonel dindarlık ve dindarlığın alt boyutları ile pozitiflik arasında orta düzeyde ve pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar motivasyonel dindarlığın, pozitifliğin toplam varyansının %10,1’ini açıkladığını göstermiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between motivational religiosity and positivity. The “Motivational Religiosity Scale (MMRI)” and the “Positivity Scale (PS)” were applied in the study, in which 482 students studying at Hitit University participated. Research data were collected between May and August 2022 in the 2022-2023 academic year. Survey measurements regarding gender, class level, perceived economic status of the family, family type and family attitudes were also applied. Descriptive analyzes and correlational statistics were used to examine the relationships between variables. At the end of the study, the motivational religiosity and positivity levels of the sample were found to be high. Participants obtained a higher score on the “Relationship with God as a Source of Strength and Trust” sub-dimension. Motivational religiosity and positivity did not differ according to gender. In the class level variable, only the “Prosocial and Religious-Intellectual Responsibility” sub-dimension differed in favor of the 1st and 2nd grades. While the positivity levels of the groups did not differ according to the perceived economic status of the family, there were significant differences in the motivational religiosity level (including the sub-dimensions). As the perceived economic status level increased, motivational religiosity levels decreased. Motivational religiosity also differed according to family type variable. The highest mean score of religiosity was found in the extended family type, while the lowest average was found in the single-parent family type. However, in terms of positivity levels, the groups showed similar characteristics. In the family attitude variable, there were significant differences between the groups at various levels in the scores obtained both in the motivational religiosity scale and its sub-dimensions and in the positivity scale. In particular, the motivational religiosity scores (including sub-dimensions) of individuals with protective, democratic and tolerant family attitudes were higher than the others. The lowest mean was in the group reporting unbalanced/indifferent family attitudes. However, the tolerant, democratic and protective family type also supported positivity more. As a result of the study, there found to be moderate and positive significant relationships between motivational religiosity and its sub-dimensions and positivity. Motivational religiosity explains 10.1% of the total variance of positivity.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=70872</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 3[367-390]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/217</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf Edebiyatındaki Benlik Kavramı Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Research on the Self Concept in Sūfī Literature: Example of Ibrahim Hakki]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatma SAĞLAM DEMİRKAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Gülcan ABBASOĞULLARI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf, İbrahim Hakkı, benlik kavramı, manevî benlik, sosyal benlik, nefsî benlik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sūfīsm, Ibrahim Hakkı, concept of self, spiritual self, social self, nafsī self]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İnsan varoluşu gereği sosyal bir varlık olması yönüyle değer üreten bir varlıktır. Bu varlık ürettiği değerler aracılığıyla kendi için bir benlik inşa eder. Benlik, bir yandan bireyi diğerlerinden farklı kılarken diğer yandan da diğeriyle arasında bir bağ kurmasını sağlar. Benlik tarihsel süreç içerisinde farklı bilimlerin ve disiplinlerin araştırma konusu haline gelmiştir. Tasavvuf edebiyatında da benlik kavramı birçok eserde yer almıştır. Erzumlu İbrahim Hakkı da Dîvân adlı eserinde benlik kavramını kullanan tasavvuf edebiyatçıları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu araştırmada Dîvân adlı eserde yer alan benlik kavramı ele alındı. Benlik kavramının ne anlama geldiğini tespit edebilmek amacıyla ilk öncelikle beyitlerde geçen benlik kavramı tarandı ve benlikle ilişkili diğer kavramlar belirlendi. Benlik kavramıyla ilişkili olduğu belirlenen kavramlar MAXQDA programında ayrı ayrı birer kod olarak tanımlandı. Kodların anlamlarından hareketle manevi benlik, sosyal benlik ve nefsî benlik olmak üç farklı tema oluşturuldu. Kodlar ve temalar arasındaki ilişki analiz edilerek benliğin ne anlama geldiği ve ne tür bir benlik modeli oluştuğu ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışıldı. Araştırmaya göre benlik nefsi, sosyal ve manevi olmak üzere üç farklı boyuttan oluşmakta ve nefsi benlik bireyin idsel yönünü, sosyal benlik bireyin diğerleriyle olan ilişki yönünü, manevi benlik de bireyin kutsal olanla ilişkisini karşılık gelmektedir. Manevi ve sosyal benlik ilişkisel benlikle, nefsi benlik ise ayrıklaşmış benlikle açıklanabilir. Bu çalışma Türk İslam düşüncesine ait bir benlik modelini ortaya koyabilmesi açısından bilimsel bir öneme sahip olduğu söylenebilir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Human beings, by their very nature as social beings, are entities that generate value. Through the values they create, they construct an identity for themselves. The self, on one hand, distinguishes the individual from others, while on the other hand, it enables a connection between the self and others. Throughout history, the concept of self has become the subject of investigation in various fields and disciplines. The concept of self is also present in Sufi literature, and Erzumlu İbrahim Hakkı is among the Sufi literary figures who utilize this concept in his work, "Dîvân." In this study, the concept of self as it appears in the work "Dîvân" was examined. In order to determine the meaning of the self concept, the instances of the self concept mentioned in the verses were examined, and other concepts related to the self were identified. The concepts determined to be related to the self concept were defined as separate codes in the MAXQDA program. Based on the meanings of these codes, three different themes were established: spiritual self, social self, and personal self. By analyzing the relationships between the codes and themes, an attempt was made to reveal the meaning of the self and the type of self model that emerged. According to the research, the self consists of three different dimensions: the personal self, the social self, and the spiritual self. The personal self represents an individual's instinctive aspect, the social self represents the aspect of the individual's relationship with others, and the spiritual self corresponds to the individual's relationship with the sacred. The spiritual and social self can be explained in terms of a relational self, while the personal self can be explained in terms of a separated self. This study can be considered to have scientific significance in terms of presenting a self model belonging to Turkish-Islamic thought.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=70646</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 3[311-328]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/218</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Gazve-Ganimet İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Ghazwa and Ghanimah]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Nadir ÖZDEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Tarihi, gazve, ganimet, esir, Hz. Peygamber]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Islam, Gazve, spoils of war, captive, Mohammed the Prophet]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Şüphesiz gazveler Hz. Peygamber’in Medine hayatında önemli yer tutar. Gazvelerin zaferle sonuçlanmasıyla Müslüman askerlere ganimet imkânı sunulmuş ve müstakil bir sûre ile meşruiyeti ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada kavramsal çerçeve ile konunun bağlamı ifade edilmiş, ardından gazve-ganimet ilişkisi gazvelerde yaşanan örnekler üzerinden açıklamıştır. Ganimetler, her türlü mal, esirler ve arazilerden oluşmaktaydı. Enfâl sûresinin nâzil olmasının ardından ganimetle ilgili kavramlar kullanılmaya başlandı. Hz. Peygamber ve Müslümanlar bundan böyle her gazveden sonra söz konusu âyetlerde belirtilen şekilde ganimetleri dağıtmaya başladılar. Ganimetlerin dağıtımı ve ilgili diğer hususlarda Hz. Peygamber de bazı tasarruflarda bulunmuştur. Gazveler sonrası Müslümanların eline geçen ganimetler&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;düşmanların güçlerini zayıflatan ve servetin Müslümanların eline geçerek onların güç sahibi olmalarının yolunu da açmıştır. Öte yandan düşman topraklarının ya da esirlerinin yahut mallarının kontrolsüz kalmasının da önüne geçmiştir. Sahabe gazvelere ganimet almak için değil, Allah’ın rızası için katılmayı benimsediler. Aksi durumun Hz. Peygamber tarafından eleştirildiğini ve kabul görmediğini anladılar. Bu durum İslâm öncesi dönemde yağmacılık savaşı anlamına gelen “Gazve” kavramının yeni ve olumlu bir anlam kazandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ganimetin ahlakî boyutu da makalede temas edilen bir konudur. Burada İslam hukukundaki gulûl yani kamu malını zimmetine geçirmek ya da kötüye kullanmak olarak ifade edilecek bir durumun gazveler sonrası ganimet dağıtımları sırasında hassasiyetle üzerinde durulan bir konu olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Undoubtedly, ghazwahs played a significant role in the life of the Prophet Muhammad during his time in Medina. After the successful outcomes of certain Ghazwahs, Muslim soldiers were often offered the opportunity to collect booty. The legitimacy of the distribution of booty was established through a separate sûrah. The study offered a conceptual framework and contextualized the issue. Using examples from ghazwa campaigns, it then elucidated the relationship between ghazwa and booty. The booty comprised various types of goods, captives, and land. Following the revelation of Surah al-Anfal, concepts related to booty started to be employed. Therefore, from that point onward, the Prophet and the Muslims began distributing the spoils of war after each battle in accordance with the guidelines set forth in these verses. The Prophet also made decisions concerning the distribution of the spoils and other related matters. The spoils captured by the Muslims during the Ghazwahs weakened the enemies' power and facilitated the Muslims' rise to power by transferring wealth into their hands. On the other hand, it also served as a means to prevent enemy territory, prisoners, or property from remaining unchecked or unrestrained. The Companions embraced the principle of participating in Ghazwa for the sake of Allah's pleasure rather than solely for the sake of acquiring booty. They understood that pursuing the opposite, i.e., participating in Ghazwa solely for material gain, was criticized and rejected by the Prophet. This reveals that the concept of "Ghazwa," which originally denoted a war of plunder in the pre-Islamic era, acquired a new and positive meaning among the Muslims during the time of the Prophet. The article also delves into the moral aspect of the spoils. It highlights that during the distribution of the spoils after the Ghazwahs, there was a sensitive emphasis on addressing situations akin to "gulool" in Islamic law, which pertains to embezzlement or the misappropriation of public property.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=70321</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 3[349-365]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/219</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Doğu Hristiyanlığında İbadetin Adanmışlığa Dönüş Simgesi Olan Ankhorit/Anchorite Kavramı ve Mimariye Yansımaları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Concept of Ankhorit/Anchorite, the Symbol of Return to Devotion of Worship in Eastern Christianity and Its Reflections on Architecture]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ufuk ELYİĞİT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sanat tarihi, Doğu Hristiyanlığı, anchorite, münzevi, keşiş]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Art history, Eastern Christianity, anchorite, chaste, monk]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Dünya üzerinde&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;çok sayıda dini inanç sistemi var olmuştur. Hepsinin de kendine özgü ritüelleri, kutsal saydıkları tören ya da ayin usulleri olmuştur. Dini unsurların biçim kazandırdığı bu manevi gereksinimler bireysel ve toplumsal ibadet metotlarını belirleyici bir rol üstlenmiştir. İnandığı dine uygun yaklaşımları sergileyen insanlar tarafından belirli kurallar çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilen davranışlar o dinin genel karakterini de şekillendirmeye yardımcı olmuştur. Söz konusu durum, Hristiyanlık adına yapılan değerlendirmelere de etki etmiştir.  Hristiyanlık inancı yayılım göstermeye başladığı dönemlerde, hâkim konumdaki dini ve siyasi ortamdan kaynaklı olarak birtakım güçlükler ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Tarihi seyir içinde genel şartlarda meydana gelen değişimler, inanç ve ibadet esaslarına da sirayet etmiştir. İnanların sergilemiş olduğu faaliyetler, isimlendirme noktasında bazı ayrışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Çalışma dahilinde ele aldığımız anchorite kavramı da bu sınıflandırma neticesinde kullanılan adlandırmalar arasında yer almaktadır. Hristiyanlıkta görülen inziva geleneğinin tatbik edilmesinde tercih edilen yöntemler, Orta Çağ Hristiyan dünyasını sosyal, kültürel ve sanatsal anlamda farklı bir boyuta taşımıştır. Araştırmanın amacı ise züht hayatını seçmiş olan kişilerin sahip olduğu kararlılığın yol açtığı değişim ve dönüşümleri anchorite kavramı üzerinden irdelemektir. Ayrıca iç dünyasına yönelme eğilimi gösteren din adamını tasvir ederken kullanılan münzevi, asketik, hermit gibi yakıştırmaların benzer ve farklı yönlerine değinmektir. Anchorite ile benzer anlamda kullanılan terimler kendi içerisinde detaylandırılmış ve mimariye yansımaları birkaç örnek ile somutlaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Klasik manastır yapılanmasını formel bir yaklaşımla kategorize etmek yerine yapılanmanın ana hatları inziva geleneği kapsamında tartışmaya açılmıştır. Metodu belirleyen temel unsur bu olmuştur. Netice itibariyle anchorite kavramının ortaya çıkış nedeni, dini, sosyal ve siyasi birden fazla etkene bağlanabilir. Bazen hermit ile aynı anlamı ifade eden anchorite, kimi zaman da münzevi ya da asketik kelimeleri yerine kullanılmıştır. Keşişin çıktığı yolda sergilediği tutumu betimlemek amacıyla dile getirilen anchorite kelimesinin genel geçer bir tarifinin tam olarak yapılamadığı vurgulanabilir.    &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;There have been many religious belief systems in the world. All of them had their own rituals, ceremonies or rites that they regarded as sacred. These spiritual requirements shaped by religious elements have played a determinant role in individual and social worship methods. The behaviors exhibited within the certain rules by people acting in accordance with the religion they believe in have helped to shape the general character of that religion. This situation has also affected the evaluations made on behalf of Christianity.  When the Christian faith began to spread, it faced a number of difficulties due to the prevailing religious and political environment. Changes in general conditions in the course of history have also affected the principles of belief and worship. The activities carried out by the believers have also brought about some divergences in terms of nomenclature. The concept of anchorite, which we deal with in this study, is among the names used as a result of this classification. The methods preferred in the practice of the eremitage tradition in Christianity carried the medieval Christian world to a different dimension in social, cultural and artistic terms. The aim of the study is to analyse the changes and transformations caused by the determination of people who have chosen a life of eusebeia through the concept of anchorite. In addition, it is to touch upon the similar and different aspects of the labels such as anchoretish, ascetic, hermit used to describe the clergyman who tends to turn towards his inner world. The terms used in a similar sense with Anchorite are detailed within themselves and their reflections on architecture are tried to be concretised with a few examples. Instead of categorising the classical monastic structure with a formal approach, the main lines of the structure are opened to discussion within the context of the eremitage tradition. This has been the main factor determining the method. As a result, the emergence of the concept of anchorite can be attributed to multiple religious, social and political factors. Anchorite, which sometimes means the same as hermit, is sometimes used instead of chaste or ascetic. It can be emphasised that the word anchorite, which is used to describe the monk's attitude on his journey, cannot be defined in a general way. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=70034</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 3[233-255]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/220</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tatar Türkçesinde Tefsir Çalışmaları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Tafsirs in the Tatar Language]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Faima ISRAFILOVA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Tatar, Rusya, Cedidcilik, Müslüman]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Tatar, Russia, Jadidism, Muslim]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Son yıllarda gerek Rusya’da gerekse diğer ülkelerde yapılan bilimsel faaliyetler, Tatarların tarihsel, felsefi ve dini düşüncesinin gelişim kalıplarını ve eğilimlerini daha objektif bir şekilde tanımlamayı mümkün kılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar hem Türk halklarının kültürünün gelişimindeki rolünü hem de Rusya halklarının felsefesinin bir parçası haline gelen Tatar dini-felsefi düşüncesinin özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Tatarların İslam dünyasıyla olan uluslararası ilişkilerindeki en önemli etken Osmanlı dönemindeki kültürel bağlarında kendini göstermiştir. Aslında Osmanlı Devleti ile fikrî düzeyde başlayan ilişkiler ne yazık ki Rusya'daki Müslümanlar arasında siyasi ve ideolojik bir boyut kazandığı bahanesiyle sekteye uğramıştır. Tatar-Türk şerhlerinde, genel olarak Tatarların ideolojik ve siyasi mücadelesinin ana aşamaları belli bir şekilde yansıtılmıştır. Diğer bir ifade ile Rusya’daki Müslüman toplumların bulunduğu bölge ve çok kültürlü ortam, Kur’ân’ın yeniden düşünülmesini ve mevcut Müslüman eğitim sisteminin yeniden gözden geçirilmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. 19. yüzyılın sonları ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında dini düşüncenin evriminin özelliklerinden bahsetmek gerekirse, bunun Tatarların ve Rusya’da yaşayan diğer birçok Müslüman toplumun öz bilincinin aktif gelişim dönemi ile ilgili olduğuna dikkat etmeliyiz. Çünkü bu dönemde, Rusya’da yaşayan Müslüman toplumların eğitime yönelişleri gözle görülür şekilde artmış, bunun sonucu olarak Cedidcilik (yenilikçilik) olgusu ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmamızda, öncellikle Tatar tefsir geleneğindeki Tatar Türkçesi ile yazılmış tefsirlerin tarihî arka planı sergilenecektir. Daha sonra bu tefsirler yazılırken genellikle başvurulan Arapça ve Türkçe kaynaklar ile ilgili özet bilgiler aktarılacak, ardından Rusya Müslüman toplumlarında yaygınlık kazanan tefsirlerle ilgili kısa bilgiler verilecektir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In recent years, scientific activities carried out both in Russia and in other countries have made it possible to more objectively identify the development patterns and tendencies of historical, philosophical and religious thought of the Tatars. These studies reveal both the role of the Turkic peoples in the development of their culture and the peculiarities of Tatar religious-philosophical thought, which became part of the philosophy of the peoples of Russia. The most important factor in the international relations of the Tatars with the Muslim world was manifested in their cultural ties in the Ottoman period. In fact, the relations that started at the intellectual level with the Ottoman Empire were unfortunately interrupted by the pretext that it gained a political and ideological dimension among the Muslims in Russia. In Tatar Turkish commentaries, generally reflected the main stages of the ideological and political struggle of the Tatars in a certain way. In other words, the region and multicultural environment of Muslim societies in Russia necessitated a rethinking of the Quran and a revision of the current Muslim education system. If we talk about the peculiarities of the evolution of religious thought in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, we should note that this is related to the period of active development of the self-consciousness of the Tatars and many other Muslim communities living in Russia. Because, in this period, the orientation of the Muslim societies living in Russia to education has increased visibly, and as a result, a Jadidism (innovative) phenomenon has emerged. In our study, first of all, the historical background of the tafsir written in Tatar Turkish in the Tatar tafsir tradition will be exhibited. Later, brief information about the Arabic and Turkish sources that are generally used while writing these commentaries will be given, and then brief information will be given about the interpretations that have become widespread in Russian Muslim societies.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=69942</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 3[271-285]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/221</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Türk İslam Edebiyatında Satıraltı Kur’ân Tercümeleri Karışık Dilli Kur’ân Tercümesi Örneği (Yaprak No 183b-222a)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Inter-linear Qur'an Translations in Turkish-Islamic Literature: An Example of Mixed Language Qur'an Translation (Sheet No: 183b-222a)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Recep YILMAZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Türk İslam Edebiyatı, Karışık Dilli Kur’ân Tercümesi, Satıraltı Kur’ân Tercümeleri, , Tefsirli Tercüme, Harezm Türkçesi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Turkish Islamic Literature, Mixed Language Qur’an Translation, Sublinear Qur’an Translations, Interpretive Translation, Khwarezm Turkish]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;İslam dininin temel metni olan Kur’ân-ı Kerim Türklerin İslamiyete girmesiyle İslam medeniyeti tesiri altındaki Türk İslam edebiyatının temel belirleyicisi olurken kelimeleri üzerlerinde çağlar boyu titizlikle durulan metninin Türkçeye yapılan erken dönem tercümeleri Türk dili açısından büyük önem arz eder. İlk Türkçe Kur’ân tercümeleri Karahanlı sahasındaki Doğu Türkçesi’sine dayalı olarak yapılmıştır. Günümüze az sayıda nüshası ulaşan bu erken dönem tercümelerinin satıraltı ve kelime kelime usülüyle yapılmış olduğu görülür. Bu satıraltı Kur’ân tercümelerinden biri de karışık dil özellikleri gösteren Süleymaniye nüshasıdır. Başı ve sonu eksik olan bu nüsha karışık dil özellikleri gösteren yapısından hareketle “Karışık Dilli Kur’ân Tercümesi / Çevirisi” şeklinde adlandırılmıştır. Karışık dillilik, Türk dil tarihinde Doğu Türkçesi temelindeki yazı dilinden yeni yazı dillerinin ortaya çıkış sürecinde kendini gösteren bir olgudur. Dil tarihinin belirli bir aşamasına tekabül eden bu olgu yazar, yazıldığı yer ve zamana dair bilgi içermeyen eserler için dil ve muhteva özelliklerinden hareketle çeşitli tespitler yapma imkânı sağlamaktadır. Süleymaniye nüshası karışık dilli bir eser oluşu yanında tefsirli tercüme ihtiva etmesiyle de dikkat çeker. Çalışmada Süleymaniye nüshası’nın 183b - 222a yaprakları arası yazmalarındaki imla ve ses özellikleri verilip karışık dillilik olgusuna değinilmiş, akabinde eserin, Doğu Türkçesi Kur’an tercümeleri arasında tefsirli yapısıyla öne çıkan Orta Asya Anonim Kuran Tefsiri’yle olan benzerliğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Söz konusu yapısal benzerlik Tekasür (102) ve Asr (103) sureleri üzerinden örneklendirilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The Qur’an, which is the basic text of the Islamic religion, is the main determinant of Turkish-Islamic literature which begins under the influence of Islamic civilization with the conversion of Turks to Islam. On the other hand by its words which have been meticulously emphasized for ages, the early translations into Turkish are of great importance for the Turkish language. The first Turkish translations of the Qur’an were made based on the Eastern Turkish in the Karakhanid area. It is seen that these early period translations, of which few copies have survived to the present day, were made using the inline and word-for-word method. One of these word-for-word translations of the Qur’an is the Süleymaniye copy, which shows mixed language features. This copy, which has a missing beginning and end, was named as "Mixed Language Qur’an Translation" based on its structure showing mixed language features. Mixed multilingualism is a phenomenon that manifests itself in the process of emergence of new written languages from the written language on the basis of Eastern Turkish in the history of Turkish language. This phenomenon, which corresponds to a certain stage in the history of language, provides the opportunity to make various determinations based on language and content characteristics for works that do not contain information about the author, the place and time they were written. The Süleymaniye copy attracts attention not only because it is a work in mixed languages, but also because it contains a translation with tafsir. In the study, the spelling and sound features of the manuscripts between leaves 183b and 222a of the Süleymaniye copy were given, and the phenomenon of mixed language was mentioned. Finally attention was drawn to the similarity of the work with the Central Asian Anonymous Qur’an Tafsir, which stands out with its exegetical structure among Eastern Turkish Qur'an translations. The structural similarity in question is exemplified by the Takasür and Asr suras. The structural similarity in question is exemplified by the Takasür and Asr suras.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=69365</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 4[515-537]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/222</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Fransız Oryantalist Régis Blachère’in Kıraatlere Yaklaşımı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[French Orientalist Régis Blachère’s Approach To Qirāʼāt]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ensar Yılmaz]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Régis Blachère, Vahiy, Kur’ân, Arapça, Yazı, Ezber, Kıraat, Kâri, Mushaf, Yedi Harf, Yedi Kıraat]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Régis Blachère, Revelation, Qur’an, Arabic, Writing, Memorization, Qirāʼāt, Qāri, Mushaf(codex), Seven Letters, Seven Qıraahs.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Kıraat, Kur’ân’ın farklı okunuşlarını ve bu farklı okunuşlara dair ilmi disiplini ifade eden bir terimdir. Hz. Peygamber tarafından vahyin anlaşılmasına mebni kıraatler, tarihî süreçte çeşitli sebeplerle çoğalmış, daha sonra disipline edilmiştir. Kıraatler Müslümanlar açısından vahyin daha iyi anlaşılması noktasında değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Oryantalistlerde ise bu konu genellikle Kur’ân’ın sıhhati, hatta menşei ile ilintilendirilmiştir. Régis Blachère, Fransızca Kur’ân meâli, Kur’ân tarihi, Hz. Peygamber’in hayatı, Arap dili ve edebiyatı üzerine eserler vermiş önemli bir Fransız müsteşriktir. Blachère, Kur’ân’a Giriş (Introduction au Coran) adlı eserinde Kıraatler konusuna müstakil bir bölüm ayırmakla birlikte, bu konuyu Kur’ân’ın yazılması, toplanması ve çoğaltılması süreci ile birlikte ele almaktadır. Bu makalemizde Régis Blachère’in konuya yaklaşım biçimi ele alınmıştır. Makalenin giriş bölümünde öncelikle kıraat tanımı yapılmış daha sonra neliği hakkında özet bir malumat verilmiştir.  Daha sonra Régis Blachère ve eserleri ile ilgili bilgiler aktarılmıştır. Makalemizin ikinci bölümünde Régis Blachère’in, Kur’ân’ın yazılması, toplanması ve çoğaltılması süreci ile ilgili fikirleri ve bu sürecin kıraatlere etkisi noktasındaki yaklaşımı verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun yanında kıraatler ve kıraat ilminin ortaya çıkışı, isnâd sistemi ve kıraatlerin tahdit edilmesi konularına yaklaşım biçimi ve kıraatler arasında karşılaştırmalı münasebet noktalarında fikir yapısı incelenmeye gayret edilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde Blachère’in, kıraatler konusunu bilimsel verilere mutabık olmayan bir şekilde, Kur’an’ın sübutiyeti ve menşei ile ilgili subjektif şüpheleri çerçevesinde ele aldığı yönünde değerlendirme yer almaktadır. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Qirāʼāt &lt;/em&gt;is a term that expresses the different readings of the Qur'an and the scientific discipline of these different readings. Qirāʼāt, which are suitable for the understanding of the revelation by the Prophet, have increased for various reasons in the historical process, and then they have been disciplined. Qirāʼāt have been evaluated in terms of better understanding of the revelation for Muslims. Orientalists, this issue is generally associated with the authenticity of the Qur'an and even its origin. Régis Blachère, he is an important French orientalist, who has written works on the French Qur’an translation, the history of the Qu’ran, the life of the Prophet Muhammet, the Arabic language and literatüre. Along with seperating Blachère, devotes a seperate chapter on subject of Qirāʼāt in his book &lt;em&gt;“Introduction To The Qur’an”&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Introduction au Coran)&lt;/em&gt; he deals with this subject together with the procress of writing, collecting and duplicating the Qur’an. In this article, Régis Blachère's approach to the subject is discussed. In the introductory part of the article, firstly, a definition of Qirāʼāt is given and then a brief information about its meaning is given. Later, information about Régis Blachère and his works was given. In the second part of our article, Régis Blachère's ideas about the process of writing, collecting and duplicating the Qur'an and his approach to the effect of this process on Qirāʼāt are tried to be given. In addition, the approach to the issues of Qirāʼāt and the emergence of the science of qirāʼāt, the isnad system and the limitation of qirāʼāt, and the structure of ideas on the points of comparative relationship between the qirāʼāts were examined. In the concluding section, there is a comprehensive evaluation within the framework of Blachère's subjective doubts about the authenticity and origin of the Qur'an in an inconsistent manner reported about the qirāʼāts.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=68629</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 4[491-513]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/223</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Türk Din Mûsikîsi’nin İslam Tarihi ile İlişkisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Relationship of Turkish Religious Music with the History of Islam]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatih KOCA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Türk din mûsikîsi, disiplinlerarası etkileşim, İslam Tarihi, Ezân, Salâ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Turkish religious music, interdisciplinary Interaction, History of Islamic, Adhan, Sala]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bilim disiplinlerinin pek çoğu tarihi verilerden, dolaylı ya da dolaysız bir şekilde faydalanabilmektedir. Disiplinler arası etkileşimin sonucu olarak Türk Din Mûsikîsi bilim dalı, yazınsal tarihi verilerden oluşan Hz. Peygamber’in sözleri ve İslam tarihi kaynaklarından faydalanmıştır. Buna ek olarak şifâhî bilgiler ve hâfızadan hâfızaya aktarılan melodik yapılar da Türk Din Mûsikîsi repertuarını belirlemiştir. İslam Tarihi kaynakları doğrudan mûsikî ile alakalı bilgi vermekle beraber İslam Tarihinde cereyan eden olaylar ve bu tarihî vakalarda gelişen sözlü verilerin içerisinde yer alan bilgiler ile Türk Din Mûsikîsine atıfta bulunabilmektedir. Tarihî verilere bu anlamda bakıldığı zaman Türk Din Mûsikîsi’nin tarihî oluşumu ve gelişimi hakkında daha fazla bilgi elde edilebilir. Türk Din Mûsikîsi’nin en önemli formlarından olan ezân hâdisesi Hz. Peygamber’in hadislerinde ve İslam tarihi kaynaklarında âşikâr olmasına rağmen, salâ formu net bir şekilde mevcut değildir. Ancak eldeki verilerden salâ gibi diğer formların da temelinin o döneme dayandığı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu makale birkaç örnek ile bu konuyu ele almaktadır. Bununla beraber bu makale mûsikîşinasların ya da alanda çalışan kişilerin hayat hikâyeleri, ortaya koydukları kuramlar, yaşadıkları dönemler ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların, toplumların kültürel ortamlarına ilişkin değerlendirmelerde bulunulmasına da yardımcı olabilir. Dolayısıyla Dinî mûsikî araştırmacısı İslam tarihinden ne kadar faydalanıyorsa İslam tarihi araştırmacısı da dinî mûsikî alanından kendisine bir o kadar faydalı malzeme çıkarabilir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Many scientific disciplines can benefit from historical data in an indirect or direct way. As a result of interdisciplinary interaction, the branch of science of Turkish Religious Music can be benefited from the words of the Prophet “hadiths” and the sources of Islamic history, which consists of literary historical data. In addition, narrative sources and melodic structures transferred from memory to memory also contributed to forming the repertoire of Turkish Religious Music. Although Islamic Historical sources provide information directly related to music, they can refer to Turkish Religious Music with the events that took place in Islamic History and the information contained in the narrative data that occurred in these historical cases. When the historical data are considered at in this sense, more detailed information can be obtained about the historical formation and development of Turkish Religious Music. Although the sample of adhan, which is one of the most important forms of Turkish Religious Music, is obvious in the hadiths of the Prophet and Islamic historical sources, the Sala form does not clearly exist. However, from the data obtained, it turns out that the basis of other forms such as Sala is also based on that period. This article addresses this issue with a few examples. However, this article can also help to evaluate the life stories of musicians or people working in the field, the theories they put forward, the studies about the periods they lived in, and the cultural environments of societies. Therefore, as much as the religious music researcher benefits from Islamic history, the Islamic history researcher can extract as much useful material from the field of religious music.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=68555</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 1[67-73]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/224</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Liselerde Paranormal İnançlar ve Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Arasındaki İlişki]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Relationship Between Paranormal Beliefs and Religious Culture And Ethical Knowledge in High Schools]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet KARADAĞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet KOÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din eğitimi, paranormal inanç, din dersi, eleştirel düşünme, akıl yürütme]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious education, paranormal beliefs, religious lesson, critical thinking, reasoning]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Eski zamanlardan beri varlığını sürdüren ve folklorcuların yaşayan din olarak adlandırdıkları paranormal inançlar, günümüzde çok farklı bir karakterlerde yeniden şekillenmekte ve batıl inanç/hurafe kavramlarını da aşan dinamiklikte gündeme gelmektedir. Din eğitiminin amaçları arasında öğrencilerin bilgi elde etme yollarını ve aklını kullanma yeteneklerini geliştirmek de yer almaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin paranormal inançları ile Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi (DKAB) dersinin amaçlarına erişim düzeylerini ölçmek ve bu ikisi arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmektir. Araştırma, etik kurul onayı alınmış olup nicel yöntemle, 2021 yılında, Şanlıurfa’da yapılmıştır. 444 öğrencinin katıldığı araştırmada paranormal inanç ölçeği ve DKAB dersinin genel amaçlarına erişim düzeyi ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin dini paranormal inançlarının yüksek, dini olmayan paranormal inançlarının ise düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin DKAB dersi amaçlarına erişim düzeylerinin ölçek boyutlarında tam ve yüksek olarak değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin dini paranormal inançları ile DKAB dersi amaçlarına erişim düzeyleri arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu görülmüştür. Buna göre DKAB dersinin amaçlarına erişim düzeyi arttıkça öğrencilerin dini paranormal inanç düzeylerinin de arttığını söylemek mümkündür. Dini olmayan paranormal inançlar ile DKAB dersinin amaçlarına erişim düzeyleri arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Bu sonuçlar ışığında, İslam dini tarafından batıl inanç/hurafe olarak isimlendirilen akıl ve gerçek dışı inanışların gençler arasında popülerliğinin azalması için din eğitimine daha fazla önem verilmesi önerilmektedir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This paper focuses on the relationship between religious education and paranormal beliefs. In addition, the level of reaching the general goals of the religious lesson and the paranormal belief levels of high school students is examined in the research. From the beginning of humanity to the present, many different forms of belief have emerged. Some of these beliefs are religious beliefs. Others, although not fully expressed as religious beliefs, cannot be considered apart from religion. It is important to examine the relationship between these beliefs, which are defined as paranormal beliefs, and religious education. This study, which was carried out in 2021 with the quantitative research method, was applied in Şanlıurfa. In this study, the Paranormal belief scale developed by Tobacyk and the Scale of the level of achievement of general purposes of religious lessons developed by Çakmak and Ay were used. 444 students participated in the study. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the religious paranormal beliefs of the students were high, and the non-religious paranormal beliefs were low. It has been observed that there is a positive relationship between religious education and students' religious paranormal beliefs. Accordingly, it is possible to say that the religious paranormal belief levels of students receiving religious education have also increased. Considering the students' interest in paranormal phenomena, these subjects can be included more in religious education programs. In this way, it can be ensured that students obtain more accurate information about irrational and unrealistic beliefs.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=68049</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 3[287-310]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/225</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslam Öncesi Araplarda Yazı ve Yazılı Kültür]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Writing and Written Culture in the Arabs in the Pre-Islamic Period]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhittin DÜZENLİ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, İslam, İslam öncesi dönem, Arap Yazısı, sözlü kültür, yazılı kültür]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Islam, Pre-Islamic period, Arabic Script, oral culture, written culture]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Arap toplumunda yazı ve yazılı kültürün mahiyeti İslam düşüncesinde birçok tartışmayı yönlendiren temel hususlardan biridir. Bu nedenle İslam öncesi dönemde sözlü ve yazılı kültürün mahiyeti bu tartışmaların tutarlı olması bakımından son derece önemli bir husustur. Bilginin yazılı olarak sonraki nesillere intikalinde yazının ve yazılı kültürün ne kadar önemli bir yere sahip olduğu inkâr edilemez bir gerçektir. Bununla birlikte yazılı olan hususların bilginin güvenilir bir şekilde nakli için tek başına da yeterli olduğu söylenemez. İslam öncesi Arap toplumunda da bilginin nakli büyük ölçüde şifahi kültür ile sağlanmıştır. Zira Arap kültüründe şifahi kültür çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ancak sözlü kültürün böyle güçlü olmasının nedeni, o kültür içerisinde yazılı kültürün hiç bilinmemesi veya yazıya dair hiçbir şeyin bulunmaması değildir. Zira sözlü kültürün yaygın olduğu toplumlarda yazı ve yazım araçlarının gelişiminin yavaş olması da tabiidir. Arap yazısının tarihi gelişimine bakıldığında, metinlerin okunmasını ve hatasız bir şekilde aktarımını kolaylaştıran harekeleme ve noktalama işaretlerinin Hz. Peygamber’in vefatını müteakip oldukça geç diyebileceğimiz bir dönemde yaygınlık kazandığı görülür. Noktalama işaretleri Hz. Peygamber döneminde bilinen bir husus olmakla birlikte, yazıda uzun bir süre uygulama alanı bulamamıştır. Arap yazısının bu gelişiminin, yazılı olan edebiyatın aktarılmasında bir kısım problemler ortaya çıkardığı şüphesizdir. İşte bu çalışma İslam öncesi dönemde yazılı kültüre dair hususların izini sürmeyi hedeflemektedir. Söz konusu döneme ilişkin haberlerden anladığımız kadarıyla sözlü kültür bu dönemde son derece baskın olmasına rağmen, dinî ve dinî olmayan metinlere ilişkin yazılı kültüre işaret eden birçok haber de bulunmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The nature of writing and written culture in Arab society is one of the main issues that directs many discussions in Islamic thought. For this reason, the nature of oral and written culture in the pre-Islamic period is an extremely important issue in terms of the consistency of these discussions. It is an undeniable fact that writing and written culture have an important place in the transfer of knowledge in written form to the next generations. However, it cannot be said that the written matters alone are sufficient for the reliable transmission of information. In the pre-Islamic Arab society, the transmission of knowledge was largely provided by oral culture. Oral culture has a very important place in Arab culture. However, the reason why oral culture is so strong is not that written culture is not known at all or that there is nothing about writing in that culture. In societies where oral culture is common, it is natural that writing praxis and the development of writing tools is dramatically limited and slow. When we look at the historical development of the Arabic script, the use of punctuation marks that facilitated the reading and transferring the error-free texts became widespread long time after the death of the Prophet. There is no doubt this development of Arabic script created some problems in the transmission of written literatüre. This study aims to trace the issues related to written culture in the pre-Islamic period. As far as we understand from the news about the period in question, although the oral culture was extremely dominant in this period, there are also many news pointing to the written culture related to religious and non-religious texts.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=67642</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 2[99-117]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/226</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Müslüman Filozoflar Tanrı’nın Cisim Olmadığını İspatlayamadı mı? Gazzâlî’nin Tehâfüt’teki İddiaları, Muhyiddin Karabâğî’nin Yaklaşımı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Could not Muslim Philosophers Prove that God is not Corporeal? al-Ghazālī’s Claims in Tahāfut, Muḥyī al-Dīn al-Qarabāghī’s Approach]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Sami BAGA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam felsefesi, Tehâfüt geleneği, Tanrının cisim olmayışı, Gazzâlî, Muhyiddin Karabâğî]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic philosophy, Tahāfut tradition, God's incorporeality, al-Ghazālī, Muḥyī al-Dīn al-Qarabāghī]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İslam felsefe-bilim tarihinin önemli metinlerinden biri olan Gazzâlî’nin &lt;em&gt;Tehâfütü'l-Felâsife&lt;/em&gt; adlı eserinde Meşşâî filozofların görüşleri yirmi başlık altında sıkı bir eleştiriden geçirilmiştir. Bu eleştirilerden bir kısmı, felâsifenin görüşlerinin dini açıdan problem teşkil etmesi ile ilgilidir. Ancak bazı başlıklardaki eleştiriler ise farklı bir sebebe dayanmaktadır: İddia edilen görüşü yeterince delillendirememek. Bu başlıklardan biri de Tanrının cisim olup olmadığıdır. Burada Gazzâlî iddialı bir açıklama yaparak filozofların Tanrının cisim olmadığını dahi ispatlamaktan aciz olduklarını öne sürmektedir. Onun, şeriate aykırı olmadığı sonraki düşünürler tarafından da açıkça ifade edilen “Tanrı cisim değildir” şeklindeki bir görüşü neden eleştiri konusu yaptığı ilgi çekici bir husustur. Öyle görünüyor ki Gazzâlî, filozofların kesinlik iddialarının herkesçe anlaşılır bir konuda dahi sorgulanmaya açık olduğunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Böylece farklı eserlerinde çeşitli vesilelerle dikkat çektiği filozofların kesinlik iddiasının aslında sağlam temellere dayanmadığını göstermek istemiş olmalıdır. Ancak &lt;em&gt;Tehâfüt&lt;/em&gt; geleneği içerisindeki pek çok düşünürün bu yaklaşım biçimini ciddi manada eleştirdiği görülür. Bu düşünürlerden biri de Muhyiddin Karabâğî’dir. Karabâğî, filozofların şeriata aykırı olmayan bu türden görüşlerinin eleştiri konusu yapılmasını çok açık ifadelerle eleştirmekte ve bunu gereksiz bulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Gazzâlî'nin bu konudaki iddialarının dayanakları ortaya konulacak, sonraki &lt;em&gt;Tehâfüt&lt;/em&gt; müelliflerinin bu iddiaya nasıl yaklaştıkları incelenecek, ardından Karabâğî’nin bu konudaki yaklaşımı değerlendirilecektir. Böylece &lt;em&gt;Tahâfüt&lt;/em&gt;’ün nisbeten az ele alınan bir başlığının cisim teorisi açısından irdelenmeye ve Gazzâlî’nin bu eseri kaleme almasındaki nihai hedefleri tespitine gayret edilecektir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The remarks of peripatetic philosophers have been rigorously criticized under twenty titles in al-Ghazālī’s book called &lt;em&gt;Tahāfut al-Falāsifa,&lt;/em&gt; which is one of the important texts in the history of Islamic philosophy. Some of these criticisms are related to the claim that the remarks of the falâsife pose a problem in terms of religion. However, the criticisms in some of the titles here are based on a different reason: Not being able to sufficiently prove the alleged view. One of these titles is about whether God is a body or not. With this title, al- Ghazālī makes an assertive statement and claims that the philosophers are incapable of even proving that God is not a body. It is interesting why the view that "God is not a body", which was clearly expressed by later thinkers as not contrary to the Shari'ah, was criticized. It seems that al-Ghazālī aimed to reveal the ways in which the philosophers' claims of certainty are open to questioning even on a subject that is understandable to everyone. Thus, he must have purposed to show that the claim of certainty of the philosophers, which he drew attention to on various occasions in his different books, was not based on solid foundations. However, it is seen that many thinkers within the tradition of &lt;em&gt;Tahāfut &lt;/em&gt;seriously criticize his stance on this topic. al-Qarabāghī very clearly criticizes the criticism of such views of philosophers, which are not contrary to the Shari'ah, and finds this attitude unnecessary. In this study, the foundations of al-Ghazālī’s claims on this subject are revealed, and the approaches of Muḥyī al-Dīn al-Qarabāghī, one of the later &lt;em&gt;Tahāfut &lt;/em&gt;writers, on this subject are evaluated. Thus, it is aimed to examine a relatively less discussed title of &lt;em&gt;Tahāfut &lt;/em&gt;in terms of body theory and to contribute to the discussion about what the general purpose of the work is.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=66932</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 1[21-32]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/227</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İlahiyat Eğitimi Alan Kişilerin Kürtaja Yönelik Tutumları Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Field Study on the Attitudes of Theology Educated People Towards Abortion]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet AKTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din sosyolojisi, kürtaj, ilahiyat eğitimi, bireysel haklar, beden sosyolojisi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of religion, abortion, theology education, ındividual rights, sociology of the body]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bireysel hak ve özgürlükler, din, bilim, ahlak ve vicdan gibi farklı parametrelerin kesiştiği bir olgu olması nedeniyle tartışmalı bir konu haline gelen kürtaj, bu konuda fikir beyan edenlerin referans noktalarının farklılaşmasından dolayı daha da karmaşık bir hal almaktadır. Bu yüzden kürtajla ilgili farklı yaklaşımlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu farklı yaklaşımlardan birisi, kürtaja, “seçim yanlısı” yaklaşımdır.  Bu yaklaşım kürtajı kadının kendi bedeni üzerindeki tasarrufu bağlamında değerlendirmektedir. Bir diğer yaklaşım ise kürtaja fetüsün hayat hakkının ihlali olarak bakan “yaşam yanlısı” yaklaşımdır.  Kürtaja dini referans alarak yaklaşanların kürtaja yönelik tutumları sahip oldukları dini anlayış çerçevesinde şekillenebilmektedir. Dini referans olarak kabul etmenin yanı sıra halkın dini hayatını etkileme potansiyeline sahip olan kişilerin bu konudaki yaklaşımları, toplumsal düzlemde kürtaja yönelik tutumları şekillendirme ihtimali taşımaktadır. Bu yüzden örgün veya yaygın din eğitimcisi/adayı olan kişilerin kürtaja yönelik tutumlarının tespit edilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışma, örgün din eğitimi almış kişilerin kürtaja yönelik tutumlarını ele almaktadır. Nicel olarak tasarlanan çalışma kapsamında farklı yaş, cinsiyet ve meslek gruplarından örgün din eğitimi almış ve hali hazırda bu eğitimi alan kişilerin kürtaja yönelik tutumları anket aracılığıyla toplanan veriler çerçevesinde tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda resmi din eğitimi alan kişilerin kürtaja yönelik negatif bir tavra sahip oldukları, sadece sağlık açısından gerekli durumlarda kürtajın yapılması gerektiği yönünde bir tutuma sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Abortion, which has become a controversial issue due to the intersection of different parameters such as individual rights and freedoms, religion, science, morality and conscience, becomes even more complicated due to the differentiation of reference points of those who express their opinions on this subject. Therefore, different approaches to abortion emerge. One of these different approaches is the "pro-choice" approach to abortion. This approach evaluates abortion in the context of the woman's control over her own body. Another approach is the "pro-life" approach, which views abortion as a violation of the fetus's right to life. The attitudes of those who approach abortion based on religion can be shaped within the framework of their religious understanding. In addition to accepting religion as a reference, the approaches of people who have the potential to influence the religious life of the people, have the possibility to shape attitudes towards abortion at the social level. Therefore, it is important to determine the attitudes of people who are formal or non-formal religious educators/candidates towards abortion. From this point of view, this study deals with the attitudes of people with formal religious education towards abortion. Within the scope of the quantitatively designed study, the attitudes towards abortion of people who have received formal religious education from different age, gender and occupational groups and who have already received this education have been tried to be determined within the framework of the data collected through the questionnaire. As a result of the study, it was determined that people who received formal religious education had a negative attitude towards abortion, and that they had an attitude that abortion should be done only when necessary for health reasons.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=66907</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 1[1-19]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/228</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Osmanlı-Macar Düellosunda Erdel (1364-1451)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Erdel in the Ottoman-Hungarian Duel (1364-1451) ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Funda DEMİRTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Tarihi, Osmanlı, Macar, Erdel, Hunyadi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic History, Ottoman, Hungarian, Erdel, Hunyadi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;I. Murad zamanında Balkanlar’a kök salarak Makedonya, Arnavutluk, Sırbistan ve Bosna’ya ilerleyen Osmanlı Devleti ile Tuna’nın güneyinde bu ilerleyişe karşı koyacak tek güç olan Macar Devleti arasında askerî bir restleşme başlamıştır. Siyasi, askerî, iktisadi ve dinî sebeplerle Balkanlar üzerinde genişleme ve hâkimiyet kurma siyaseti çakışan iki devletin 1364’te dolaylı yoldan karşı karşıya gelmesiyle başlayan bu askerî restleşme, Osmanlı’nın adım adım Macar sınırına yaklaşmasıyla doğrudan bir düelloya evrilmiştir. Batı istikametinde sürdürdüğü hızlı ve kalıcı ilerleme çerçevesinde Macaristan’ı dolaylı yoldan koruyan tampon devletleri kısa sürede hâkimiyeti altına alarak Macar sınırına ulaşan Osmanlı Devleti’nin Macar topraklarına yaptığı sürekli ve düzenli akınlar bu düellonun kazananı ve kaybedenini belirleyen Mohaç Savaşı’na kadar iki devletin olağan askerî ritüeli haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma da Osmanlı tehlikesinin Macarlar için bir dış politika unsurundan öncelikli bir öz savunma problemine dönüştüğü süreçte Erdel’e yapılan akınları Osmanlı-Macar mücadelesi bağlamında değerlendirmeyi konu edinmiştir. Erdel’in Osmanlı tarihinin ve coğrafyasının bir parçası haline geldiği 1526 tarihine kadar devam eden bu akınlar bir makalenin boyutunu aştığı için konu yaklaşık bir asrı kapsayacak şekilde 1364-1451 aralığı ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmayla hem Osmanlı ve Macar kroniklerinin hem de güncel kaynakların doğrudan konu edinmediği Osmanlı-Macar mücadelesinin bu önemli kesitinin, döneme en yakın birincil kaynakların ve çağdaş ikincil kaynakların verdiği bilgiler ışığında monografik bir incelemeye tabi tutularak aydınlatılması hedeflenmiştir.     &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A military showdown started between the Ottoman Empire, which had taken hold in the Balkans and advanced to Macedonia, Albania, Serbia and Bosnia during the reign of Murad I, and the Hungarian State, which was the only power having resisted this advance in the south of Danube. This military showdown, which started in 1364 with the indirect confrontation of the two states, whose policies of expansion and domination over the Balkans conflicted for political, military, economic and religious reasons, evolved into a direct recounter as the Ottomans approached to the Hungarian border step by step. Within the scope of rapid and permanent progress in the western direction, the constant and regular incursions of the Ottoman Empire, which reached the Hungarian border in a short time by dominating the buffer states that indirectly protected Hungary had become ordinary military rituals between these two states until the Battle of Mohacs, which determined the winner and loser of this duel. This study focuses on evaluating the incursions in Erdel in the context of the Ottoman-Hungarian fight in the process when the Ottoman danger turned from a foreign policy issue to a priority self-defense problem for the Hungarians. Since these incursions, which continued until 1526, when Erdel became a part of Ottoman history and geography, exceeded the size of an article, the subject was limited to 1364-1451 to cover about a century. With this study, it has been aimed to illuminate this important section of the Ottoman-Hungarian struggle, which both Ottoman and Hungarian chronicles and current sources are not directly subject to, by subjecting it to a monographic examination in the light of the information provided by the closest primary sources and contemporary secondary sources.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=66576</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 2[141-158]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/229</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Öz Düzenlemeli Din Eğitimi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Self-Regulated Religious Education]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ömer DEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatma GÖÇMEN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din eğitimi, öz düzenlemeli eğitim, öz düzenleme becerileri, öz düzenlemeli din eğitimi, öz düzenleme faktörleri]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious education, self-regulated education self-regulation skills, self-regulated religious education, self-regulation factors]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Öz düzenleme, bireyin kendini tanıması temelinde; güçlü ve zayıf yönlerinin farkında olması, olumsuz duygu ve düşünceleriyle baş edebilmesi, olumlu duygu ve düşüncelerini harekete geçirebilmesi, kendi yetenek ve kapasitesini belirli amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanabilmesidir. Öz düzenleme becerilerinin kazanılması ve geliştirilmesi bireyin kendisiyle ilgili olduğu kadar yetiştirilme tarzı ve etkileşimde bulunduğu çevreyle de ilgilidir. Bu anlamda öz düzenleme becerilerinin bireye kazandırılmasında aile kadar toplumsal-kültürel çevre ve eğitim kurumları da etkili olur. Öz düzenleme becerileri doğumdan ölüme yaşam boyu geliştirilebilir. Ancak özellikle çocukluk ve ergenlik döneminde öz düzenleme becerilerinin kazanılması son derece önemlidir. Genel anlamda tüm eğitim alanları kazanımlarını bireyin öz düzenleme becerileri üzerinden gerçekleştirir. Bu nedenle eğitimciler bireyin öz düzenleme becerilerini geliştirmesine yardımcı olabilecek çeşitli teoriler geliştirmiştir. Gerçekten de eğitimle ilgili birçok problemin çözümü öz düzenleme becerilerinden bağımsız düşünülemez. Din eğitimi özel alanında da din eğitiminin niteliği, etkili öz düzenleme becerilerinin dikkate alınmasıyla geliştirilebilir. Çalışma bu anlamda öncelikle öz düzenlemenin ne olduğunu kavramsal ve ilişkisel çerçevesiyle ele almıştır. Araştırmanın temel problemi öz düzenleme becerilerinin geliştirilmesinde etkili olan faktörlerin araştırılmasıdır. Buradan hareketle çalışmada din eğitiminde öz düzenleme becerilerinin mahiyeti, gerekliliği ve önemi incelenmiş, öz düzenlemeyi etkileyen içsel ve dışsal faktörler ele alınmıştır. Bireye verilecek öz düzenlemeli din eğitiminin mahiyeti ve sınırları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada tarama yöntemi kullanılmış, konuyla ilgili yerli ve yabancı kaynaklar taranarak ulaşılan bilgiler ışığında araştırma problemine cevap aranmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmada ortaya çıkan sonuçlar dini bilgi ile de ilişkilendirilerek bütüncül bir bakış açısı geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada öz düzenlemeli din eğitiminin, bireyin dini bilgi, beceri ve tutumları benimsemesinde, içselleştirmesinde ve öz becerilere dönüştürebilmesinde etkili olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çok boyutlu küresel etkileşimler yaşadığımız günümüz dünyasında bireylerin istendik davranış değişikliğini sağlayacak bilgi, beceri ve ahlâkî tutumu benimseyebilmeleri için öz düzenleyici öğrenmeye olan ihtiyaç günden güne artmaktadır. Öz düzenlemeli din eğitimi bireylerin kendi davranışlarını kontrol edebilmelerine, gerektiği yerde içsel güçlerini devreye sokarak karşılaştıkları problemlerle mücadele edebilmelerine, kendi hayatlarının özneleri olmalarına, dinî ve ahlâkî tercihlerini özgürce yapabilmelerine, kendi değerlerini üretip anlamlandırabilmelerine ve etkili sosyal ilişkiler geliştirmelerine katkı sağlayabilir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Self-regulation is the individual’s self-knowledge, being aware of his weaknesses and strengths, being able to cope with negative emotions, activating positive emotions, and using his own abilities and capacities for specific purposes. All fields of education in general, and religious education in particular, help the individual to achieve the necessary gains for self-regulation. Self-regulation is a lifelong process that encompasses many skills from birth. It is extremely important to acquire self-regulation skills, especially during childhood and adolescence. In this study, the nature, necessity and importance of self-regulation skills, especially in religious education, and in which subjects the family can contribute to self-regulation were investigated. The aim of the research is to reveal the contribution of the family in the process of gaining self-regulation skills of the individual. In today’s world, where we live in multidimensional global interaction, the need for self-regulatory learning is increasing in order for individuals to adopt the knowledge, skills, moral values, attitudes and behaviors that will enable them to gain desired behavioral changes. The research was limited to the contribution of the family to self-regulation. Literature review was used as a method in the research. A sufficient number of sources and the necessary information were obtained by scanning domestic and foreign sources on the subject. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that the family contributes to the acquisition of basic self-regulation skills such as self-esteem, self-awareness, self-efficacy perception, intention, goal setting, motivation, task value and time management, and their transformation into self-skills that the young person adopts in his own life and internalizes over time.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=66154</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 2[119-140]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/230</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sivas Vakıflar Bölge Müdürlüğü Tescilli Yapılarından Yıldızeli Tat Köyü Camii]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Yıldızeli Tat Village Mosque, one of the registered buildings of Sivas Foundations Regional Directorate]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nurhan ARSLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ebubekir Sıddık YÜCEL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sivas, Yıldızeli, Tat Köyü, kırma çatı, ahşap korkuluk.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sivas, Yıldızeli, Tat Village, hipped roof, wooden railing]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Sivas Anadolu şehirlerinin en eskisidir. Tarihi Hititler dönemine kadar uzanmaktadır. Jeopolitik konumu gereği eski ipek yolu bağlantı noktasında bulunmaktadır. Kral yolu olarak tarif edilen bu ticari güzergâh şehrin önemini artırmıştır. Ortaçağ döneminde konumu devam etmiş ve Danişmendlilere, Selçuklulara, Ertana ve Kadı Burhaneddin devletlerine merkezlik yapmıştır. Osmanlı döneminde ise eyalet ve vilayet merkezi olmuş ve idari bakımdan ayrıcalık kazanmıştır. Böylesi önemli bir konumu olan şehirde tarihi yapılar kültürel miras olarak önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Şehir merkezi, kaza merkezleri ve köyler kültürel miras yönünden zengindir. Bu zengin mirastan bir tanesi de Yıldızeli ilçesine bağlı Tat köyündedir. Köyün tarihi hakkında pek bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmaya konu olan cami, 1326 / 1908 tarihinde Kafkas göçmeni bir usta tarafından yapılmıştır. Yapı taş ve ahşap işçiliğinin günümüze kadar korunan örneklerindendir. Bir caminin elamanlarından olan tüm unsurları bu camide de bulmak mümkündür. Küçük bir yerleşim yerinde olmasına rağmen işlevsel özelliği mevcuttur. Harim kısmında fevkane, minber, vaaz kürsüsü ve işlemeli tavanındaki kalem işleri güzel bir görüntü vermektedir. Eser, Sivas Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Bölge Kurulu’nun 02.03.2013 tarih ve 776 sayılı kararıyla tescillenmiştir. Bu makale tescilli vakıf eseri olan bu caminin sanat tarihi açısından incelenmesi ve detaylandırmasıdır. Bu çalışma ile Anadolu’nun en eski yerleşim yeri olan Sivas’a bağlı gözlerden ırak bir küçük bir köyünde bulunan bir eserin mimari ve sanatsal açıdan değereni ve varlığını ortaya koymaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Sivas is the oldest of Anatolian cities. Its history dates back to the Hittite period. Due to its geopolitical location, it is located at the old silk road connection point. This commercial route, which is described as the royal road, has increased the importance of the city. Its position continued in the medieval period and it was the center of Danishmends, Seljuks, Ertana and Kadı Burhaneddin states. In the Ottoman period, it became a province and province center and gained administrative privilege. In the city, which has such an important location, historical buildings have an important place as cultural heritage. The city center, township centers and villages are rich in cultural heritage. One of this rich heritage is in Tat village of Yıldızeli district. There is not much information about the history of the village. The mosque, which is the subject of the study, was built by a Caucasian immigrant master in 1326 / 1908. The building is one of the preserved examples of stone and woodworking. It is possible to find all the elements of a mosque in this mosque. Although it is in a small settlement, it has functional features. In the sanctuary, the extraordinary, pulpit, sermon pulpit and the hand-drawn works on the embroidered ceiling give a beautiful view. The work was registered with the decision of Sivas Cultural and Natural Heritage Preservation Regional Board, dated 02.03.2013 and numbered 776. This article is an examination and detailing of this mosque, which is a registered foundation work, in terms of art history. With this study, it is to reveal the architectural and artistic value and existence of a work in a secluded small village in Sivas, the oldest settlement in Anatolia.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=65894</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 2[173-194]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/231</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Dinî Tecrübenin İfade İmkânı Üzerine]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[On the Expression of Religious Experience]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kemal İLHAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din felsefesi, dinî tecrübe, din dili, mistisizm, sembol, Walter Stace ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of religion, religious experience, language of religion, mysticism, symbol, Walter Stace ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Dinî tecrübe, din felsefesinin son dönemlerde üzerinde daha fazla düşünülen ve tartışılan bir konusu olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dinî tecrübenin mahiyeti ve özellikleri ana hatlarıyla sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmamızın ana eksenini, dinî tecrübenin ifade şekilleri ve imkânları oluşturmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi, dinî tecrübenin başkalarına aktarılıp aktarılamayacağı tartışıldığı gibi, ifade edilmeye çalışılan dini tecrübenin hangi şekilde aktarılabileceği de tartışmalı bir konudur. Literatürde, dini tecrübenin ifadesi denince daha çok linguistik boyuta vurgu yapıldığı, diğer sembol ve göstergelerin yeterince vurgulanmadığı görülmektedir. Buna göre, dinî tecrübenin ifade imkânının sadece linguistik zeminde tartışılmasının yeterli olmadığı, onun sanatsal ve aktüel olarak sembolik bağlamda da tezahür ettiği, çalışmamızın vurgulamak istediği yönlerden biridir. Dinî tecrübenin ifade imkânı, linguistik açıdan ele alındığında ise, Walter Stace’in (ö.1967) dinî tecrübeyi ele alırken öne sürdüğü şiirsel dilin ussal-kavramsal dile nazaran özel bir ifade imkânı taşımadığı, şiir dilinin kavramsal dilin estetik bir formundan başka bir şey olmadığı görüşü eleştirilmiş; sembol ve mecaz dolayımı neticesinde doğan şiir dilinin dinî tecrübenin ifadesinde vazgeçilemez bir öneme sahip olduğu tezi öne sürülmüştür. Şiirdeki tekrara dayanan ritmik dilin ise sadece estetik bir çabanın sonucu olmadığı dile getirilerek mistik duyguların uyanmasında tekrarın ve ritmin önemi de vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca bu bağlamda, Aynü’l-kudat Hemedanî’nin (ö.1131), dildeki kelimelerin dikey düzlemde, çok anlamlı olarak bir derinliğe sahip olduğu görüşüne de değinilmiş, bu görüşün bir bakımdan sembolik dile yaklaştığı iddia edilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Religious experience draws attention as a subject that has been more thought and discussed in the philosophy of religion lately. In this article, the nature and characteristics of religious experience were tried to be presented with the main lines. The main axis of our study is the forms and possibilities of expression of religious experience. As it is known, it is not only discussed whether the religious experience can be transferred to others, but also how the religious experience that is tried to be expressed can be transferred. In the literature, it is seen that the linguistic dimension is emphasized more when the expression of religious experience is mentioned, and other symbols and signs are not emphasized enough. Accordingly, it is one of the aspects that our dissertaion wants to emphasize that it is not enough to discuss the possibility of expression of religious experience only on a linguistic basis and that it manifests itself artistically and in a symbolic context. When the possibility of expression of religious experience is considered from the linguistic point of view, the poetic language put forward by Walter Stace (d.1967) while dealing with religious experience does not have a special means of expression compared to the rational-conceptual language, and that the language of poetry is nothing but an aesthetic form of the conceptual language view has been criticized. It has been argued that the language of poetry, which emerged as a result of symbol and metaphor mediation has an indispensable importance in the expression of religious experience. It has been argued that the language of poetry, which emerged as a result of the mediation of symbols and metaphors, has an indispensable importance in the expression of religious experience. It is also stated that the rhythmic language wich based on repetition in the poem is not only the result of an aesthetic effort, and the importance of repetition and rhythm in awakening mystical feelings is emphasized. In addition, in this context, Aynü'l-kudat Hemedanî's (d.1131) view that words in the language have a vertical plane and a very meaningful depth is also mentioned, and it is claimed that this view approaches symbolic language in a way.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=65885</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 1[51-65]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/232</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Izutsu’nun “Kur’an’da Allah ve İnsan” Kitabında İzlediği Semantik Tahlil Yöntemi ve Vahiy Anlayışı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Semantic Analysis Method and Revelations’ Understanding in Izutsu’s Book Named “God and Man in the Qur’an”]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mazhar DÜNDAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Kur’an, vahiy, Izutsu, semantik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Qur’an, revelation, Izutsu, semantics]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Toshihiko Izutsu, pek çok dinle ilgili çalışmaları bulunan oryantalist bir âlimdir. İslâm ve Kur’an ile ilgili değerli eserler kaleme almıştır. Bu çalışmalardan biri olan “Kur’an’da Allah ve İnsan” adlı eseriyle Kur’an’ın ve Müslümanların dünya görüşünün anlaşılmasını hedeflemiştir. Bu makalede müellifin mezkûr kitabı incelenmiş, eserinde işlediği semantik yöntem ve Allah’ın insanlarla olan iletişiminin tahlili yapılmıştır. Izutsu’nun, çalışmasında yöntem olarak kısaca “anlam bilimi olarak ifade edilen” semantik metodolojiyi kullandığı görülmüştür. O, semantiği; “Bir dilde kullanılan anahtar kavramlar üzerindeki tahlili çalışmalar” şeklinde tanımlamıştır. Bazı temel kavramların Kur’an vahyiyle birlikte nasıl bir değişikliğe uğradığını çeşitli örnekler vererek izah etmiştir. Izutsu’ya göre semantik çalışmalar, konuşma dilinin yanı sıra o dili konuşan milleti kuşatan dünya görüşleri, düşünce ve anlayışlarının kavranılması için yapılır. Izutsu, yaptığı çalışmalarla ve kullandığı semantik yöntemle, Kur’an hakkında araştırmada bulunanlara farklı bir görüş açısı kazandırmayı hedeflediğini ifade etmiştir. Çalışmamızın ana teması Izutsu’nun “Kur’an’da Allah ve İnsan” isimli kitabında işlediği semantik yöntemi ve vahiy anlayışının tahlilini yapmaktır. Burada iki soruya cevap bulmak istiyoruz: Birincisi, Izutsu, eserinde semantik metodu nasıl işlemiştir? Dolayısıyla objektif kriterlere uyup uymadığının tahlilini yapmaktır. İkincisi, Allah’ın insanlarla olan iletişimini ne şekilde ele almıştır? Vahyi işleyiş şeklini, İslam’daki klasik vahiy anlayışıyla mukayeseli bir şekilde analiz etmektir. Bu çalışmada, Izutsu’nun eserinde işlediği semantik ve vahiy anlayışının muhtevasını anlamak ve analiz etmek üzere içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Toshihiko Izutsu is an orientalist scholar who has studies on many religions. He wrote valuable works on Islam and the Qur’an. One of these studies, “Allah and Man in the Qur’an”, aimed to understand the Qur’an and the world view of Muslims. In this article, the aforementioned book of the author is examined, the semantic method used in his work and the communication of God with people are analyzed. It was seen that Izutsu used the semantic methodology, which is briefly expressed as “semantic science”, as a method in his work. He defined semantics as: “The analysis of key concepts used in a language is studies.” He explained how some basic concepts had changed with the revelation of the Qur’an by giving various examples. According to Izutsu, semantic studies are carried out to comprehend the world views, thoughts and understandings surrounding the nation speaking that language as well as the spoken language. Izutsu states that with his studies and the semantic method he uses, he aims to bring a different perspective to those who research the Qur’an. The main theme of our study is to analyze the semantic method and understanding of revelation that Izutsu used in his book “God and Man in the Qur’an”. Here we want to answer two questions: First, how did Izutsu handle the semantic method in his work? Therefore, it is to analyze whether it complies with the objective criteria. Second, how did he deal with God’s communication with humans? It is to analyze the way of revelation in a comparative way with the classical understanding of revelation in Islam. In this study, content analysis method was used to understand and analyze the content of the semantic and revelation understanding that Izutsu handled in his work.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=65026</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 1[33-50]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/233</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Yaşadıkları Problemlerle Başa Çıkmalarında Manevi ve Dini Destek Referanslarının Tespiti Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma: Muş Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Critical Study on the Delivery of Mental and Religıous Support References in Dealing with the Problems Experienced by Secondary School Students: Muş Example]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yusuf AYDIN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din eğitimi, manevi danışmanlık, ortaöğretim, ergen, dini kaynak]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious education, spiritual counselling, secondary education, adolescent, religious source]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu çalışma lise düzeyinde öğrenim gören ergen bireylerin karşı karşıya kaldıkları sorunlarla başa çıkmalarında yararlandıkları dini referansları tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle ergenliğin ve ortaöğretimin ne olduğu, ergenlik dineminin gelişim özellikleri ile ergenlerin yaşadıkları problemlere genel olarak değinilmiş, akabinde bulgulara yer verilmiştir. Bulgularda katılımcılara sorulan seçenekli ve açık uçlu sorular yorumlanarak tablolaştırılmıştır. Çalışma gurubu Muş Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi 9,10,11 ve 12. Sınıflarda öğrenim gören 100 erkek öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Sınıf düzeyindeki katılımcı sayılarının birbirine yakın olmasına dikkat edilmiş, böylece kapsayıcı bilgilere ulaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımının durum çalışması modeli benimsenmiştir. Veri toplamak amacıyla yapılandırılmış ve yarı yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan 20 maddelik bir görüşme formu hazırlanmıştır. Uzman görüşü ve pilot uygulama dönütlerinden sonra bazı sorularda düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Daha sonra görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulama sonunda elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda katılımcıların yaşadıkları problemlerle mücadelede çoğunlukla manevi ve dini kaynaklara başvurdukları en çok ta bir yakının kaybedilmesi durumunda dini kaynaklara ihtiyaç duydukları tespit edilmiştir. Ergenlik döneminin gelişimsel özellikleri göz önüne alınarak bu kapsamda başta aileler olmak üzere okul psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik servisi ile manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik yapacak kişilere yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışmada elde edilecen verilerin eğitimcilere, ailelere, Okul PDR öğretmenlerine ve literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This study is focused on the determination of the religious references that adolescents studying at high school level use to cope with the problems they encounter. In this context, first of all, what adolescence and secondary education are, the developmental characteristics of adolescence dynamism and the problems experienced by adolescents are discussed in general, and then the findings are included. In the findings, the optional and open-ended questions asked to the participants were interpreted and tabulated. The study group consists of 100 male students studying in the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades of Muş Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School. Care was taken to ensure that the number of participants at the class level was close to each other, so that inclusive information was aimed to be reached. The case study model of the qualitative research approach was adopted in the study. In order to collect data, a 20-item interview form consisting of structured and semi-structured questions was prepared. The data obtained at the end of the application were analyzed by using the descriptive analysis method. At the end of the study, it was determined that the participants mostly resorted to spiritual and religious resources in struggling with the problems they experienced, and they mostly needed religious resources in case of the loss of a relative. Considering the developmental characteristics of the adolescence period, suggestions were made for people who will provide spiritual counseling and guidance with the school Psychological Counseling and Guidance Service, especially families. It is thought that the data to be obtained in the study will contribute to educators, families, School Counseling teachers and the literature.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=64485</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 2[159-172]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/234</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur’an Söylemi Örnekliğinde Bugünün Gerçekliğini Okuma: Duyarlı Görünerek Duyarsızlaşma]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Reading Today's Reality with the Example of Qur'anic Discourse: Depersonalization by Appearing Sensitive]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hatice Merve ÇALIŞKAN BAŞER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Kur’an söylemi, değer, duyarlılık, farkındalık, değişim]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Qur'anic discourse, value, sensitivity, awareness, change]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Zaman ilerledikçe sosyal, kültürel, siyasal, ekonomik pek çok alanda değişim meydana gelmektedir. Zamanla bu değişime ayak uydurmaya ve alışmaya başlanır. Ancak alışkanlık kontrolsüz bir şekilde artarsa saplantıya, bağımlılığa dönüşebilir. Bu da kişinin alıştığının dışındakilere kayıtsız kalmasına sebep olur; onu uyuşturur, duyarsızlaştırır. Kur’an’ın inmeye başladığı zaman muhatabı olan toplum, alışkanlıklarına bağlı, değerlerini bu bağımlılıkla şekillendirmiş, çevresine karşı duyarlı görünen ancak farkındalık gücü zayıf bir toplumdur. Bu toplumun alışkanlıklarının sebep olduğu keyfiyet ya da sahip oldukları kültürel kodlar, cömertliğin gösterişe; kardeşliğin, haksız da olsa onu her koşulda koruma demek olan asabiyete; iyiliğin, çıkarlar doğrultusunda yapılan bir eyleme dönüşmesine neden olmuştur. Bu durumda anlamlı gibi görünen bir davranış, çıkarlara alet edilen haksız, keyfi bir eyleme dönüşebilmektedir. Bu da kişileri duyarlı davrandıklarını iddia etseler de aslında bazı hususlarda duyarsızlaştırabilmektedir.  Günümüzde doğum günü, bebek partileri gibi özel günler, çok beğeni alıp konuşulsun diye, israf ve tüketim çılgınlığına alet olmuştur. Dolayısıyla “iyi bir ânı başkasıyla paylaşma” durumu, kişilerin popülerliğini artırma eylemine dönüşmüştür. Yine “ihtiyacı olan biri için bir şey yapmak”, “takdir, alkış, çıkar beklendiği için bir şey yapmak” halini almıştır. Öte yandan sadece sanal dünya aracılığı ile bir yardım organizasyonunun parçası olmak çevreye karşı farkındalığı azaltırken; “herkes yapıyor” düşüncesiyle haksız/ emeksiz kazanç içeren eylemler de yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Nüzul döneminin Arap toplumunda genelde örfi ve toplumsal durumlar, günümüzde ise teknoloji ve buna bağlı gelişen sosyal medya dili duyarsızlaşmaya sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı hızla değişen, insanların birbirine yabancılaştığı ve bencilleştiği dünyada insanların birbirlerine duydukları ihtiyaçta asıl önemli olanın sözde duyarlılık değil eylemde duyarlılık olduğunun vurgulanmasıdır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi kullanılmış, betimsel analizler ile duyarsızlık içeren davranışlar incelenmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre insanlık tarihinde değerde bozulma; temelde para, makam ve soy olmak üzere üç hususta ortaya çıkmıştır. Kur’an vahyi, nüzul dönemi toplumunda değerlerin iyi eyleme dönüşmediği ve insanların makam, mal, asabiyet duygusuyla diğer insanlara karşı duyarsızlaştığı noktada indirilmeye başlamıştır. Onun toplumu ıslah noktasındaki tutumu “mal ve makam hırsı, yalan, kibir, laf taşıma” gibi davranışları reddetme; “cömertlik, iyilik, israf, kardeşlik” gibi davranışları dönüştürme ya da inşa etme şeklinde bir değişim çağrısıdır. Bunu yaparken yardıma, sabra, yumuşaklığa davet eden yapıcı bir üslup kullanmıştır. Günümüzde -özellikle sanal alemin neden olduğu- sözde duyarlılık, Kur’an’ın eylem vurgusu dikkate alınarak terk edilmelidir. Bugün Kur’an’ın yaptığı gibi ahlaki yönden duyarlılık içeren davranışlar hatırlanmalı, yeniden gün yüzüne çıkarılmalı ve eyleme geçilmelidir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;As time progresses, changes occur in many areas such as social, cultural, politics and economy. Over time, you begin to adapt and get used to this change. However, if the habit increases uncontrollably, it can turn into an obsession and addiction. This causes the person to be indifferent to those outside of what he is used to; numbs it, desensitizes it. The society that the Qur'an is dealing with when the Qur'an begins to descend is a society that adheres to its habits, has shaped its values ​​with this dependence, seems sensitive to its environment, but has a weak awareness. The arbitrariness of their habits or their own cultural codes, generosity, showing off; your fraternity to protect him under all circumstances, even if it is unjust; It has caused goodness to turn into an action done in line with the interests. A behavior that seems meaningful in this state can turn into an unfair and arbitrary action that is used for interests. This can make them insensitive in some respects. Today, some special days such as birthdays and baby showers have become instruments of waste and consumption frenzy so that they can be appreciated and talked about. Therefore, the situation of “sharing the good time” has turned into an act of increasing popularity. Again, “doing something for someone in need” has become “doing something because appreciation, applause, and profit are expected”. On the other hand, being a part of an aid organization only through the virtual world has reduced awareness of the environment. With the idea that “everyone is doing it”, actions involving injustice and unjust / without effort have also started to become widespread. In general, customary and social situations in Arabs, today technology and the developing social media language have caused this. The aim of this study is to emphasize that the most important thing in people's need for each other in a rapidly changing, alienating and selfish world is not so-called sensitivity, but sensitivity in action. Deterioration in value; basically, it emerged in three aspects, namely money, rank and lineage. The Qur'an intervened at the point where value did not turn into good action and people became insensitive to other people with the feeling of rank, property and nervousness. The Qur'an's attitude is to reject behaviors such as "greed for wealth and position, lying, arrogance, and speaking out"; It is a call for change in the way of transforming or constructing behaviors such as “generosity, kindness, waste, brotherhood”. While doing this, the Qur’an used a constructive style that invites help, patience and brotherhood. Today, the so-called sensitivity, especially caused by the virtual world, should be abandoned by considering the Qur'an's emphasis on action. As the Qur'an does today, morally sensitive behaviors should be brought to light again, remembered and action should be taken.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=64077</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[343-358]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/235</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Şemsuddîn Ebû Sâbit Muhammed B. Abdulmelik ed-Deylemî’nin “Kitâbü Tasdîkı’l-Maârif” Adlı İşârî Tefsirinde Mutasavvıflara Yönelttiği Tenkitler]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Şemsuddîn Ebû Sâbit Muhammed B. Abdulmelik Ed-Deylemî’s Criticism Against Sufis In “Kitâbü Tasdîkı’l-Maârif”]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yahya YAŞAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Deylemî, işarî, tasavvuf, tenkit]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Deylemî, ıshari, mysticism, criticism, sufism]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Hicri 6. asırda yaşamış Şemsuddîn Ebû Sâbit Muhammed b. Abdulmelik ed-Deylemî’nin (v.589/1193), “Kitâbü Tasdîkı’l-Maârif” isimli tek ciltlik işarî tefsiri vardır. Deylemî, söz konusu tefsirinde mutasavvıflara çeşitli eleştiriler yöneltir. Tenkitlerini dikkate değer kılan, kendisinin de bu alana hâkim mutasavvıf bir âlim olmasıdır. Deylemî’nin tasavvuf literatürüne vukufiyetini ortaya koyan ve çoğu yazma halinde olan otuzdan fazla eseri bulunmaktadır. İtikatta Ehl-i Sünnet bir çizgide olan Deylemî, kâmil imanın rükünlerini işlerken bu çizgisini ortaya koyar ve buna aykırı gördüğü görüşleri eleştirir. Tenkitleri güçlü ve ikna edicidir. Eleştirilerini delile dayalı olarak yapar ve genellemeci bir üslup kullanmaz. “Sekîne” kavramına yüklediği anlam ve tasavvuf ehline bu kavram çerçevesinde yöneltmiş olduğu tenkitler dikkat çekicidir. Sükûnu’l-kalb ile sekînenin aynı şeyler olmadığını, kalbin sükûn bulmasının yakîn ile ilgili olduğunu, sekînenin Allah’tan indirilen vehbî bir şey olduğunu dile getirip, sekîne ile ilgili âyetlerde geçen “indirme” kelimesine dikkat çeker ve bu düşüncede olmayan bazı mutasavvıfları eleştirir. Kelime, olgu ve kavramlarla ilgili bazen açıkça isim zikrederek, çoğu zaman da isim vermeksizin mutasavvıflara yönelttiği tenkitleri vardır. Tefsirinde görüşlerinden en çok faydalandığı ilk devir sûfîlerinden İbn Atâ bile Deylemî’nin tenkidine uğramıştır. Deylemî’nin en fazla tenkit ettiği fırka hulûl ehli mutasavvıflardır. Hulûl inancını delilleriyle çürütmeye çalışır.  Bu durum yaşadığı dönemin kelamî tartışmalarına kayıtsız kalmadığını göstermektedir. Hulûl ehli mutasavvıfların yanlış düşüncelerini çürütme adına rab ve abd arasındaki farka işaret ederken kullandığı argümanlar sağlamdır. Hz. Musa’ya muallimlik yapan Hızır’ın dahi Yüce Allah tarafından kul olarak nitelendiğini, hiçbir sûfi Hızır’dan üstün olamayacağına göre onlara rububiyet atfetmenin mümkün olmadığını belirtmesi bu bağlamda zikredilebilir. Deylemî’nin tenkitlerinden biri de “istivâ” kavramı ile ilgilidir. Bazı sufilerin bu kavrama yaklaşımlarını tasvip etmediğini açıkça belirtir. Makale, tüm bu tenkitleri tespit etmeye yönelik bir çalışmadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Şemsuddîn Ebû Sâbit Muhammed b. Abdulmelik ed-Deylemî (v.589/1193) who lived in the 6th century AH, frequently uses criticism in his one volume Ishari / Sufi Tafsir “Kitâbü Tasdîkı’l-Maârif” in which he criticizes sufis. What makes his criticism valuable and worthy of attention is that he is also a sufi scholar himself. Deylemî has more than thirty works, most of which are in manuscript form, revealing his knowledge of Sufi literature. As a person of sunnah in faith, Deylemî presents his point of view when handling subjects such as the requirements of true faith, while criticizing contrary opinions. His criticism is strong, persuasive and based on evidence, he also never uses a generalist manner. The meaning he put into the notion of “Sekîne” and the criticism he made against sufis based on this notion is striking.  In this context, it is noteworthy that, contrary to the Sufis, he stated that sukunu'l-kalb and sekina are not the same thing, that the heart's calmness is related to certainty, that tranquility is a vehbi thing sent down from Allah, and that he draws attention to the word "revelation" in the verses about sequina and expresses his own opinion. There are critics about words, phenomena and notions against sufis, some of whose names are disclosed at times but mostly masked. Even İbn Atâ, one of the first period sufis who Deylemî benefited the most from his opinions, got criticized by him. The sect that Deylemî criticizes the most are the people of hulul, mystics. Hulul tries to refute his belief with evidence. This shows that he was not indifferent to the theological debates of his time. The arguments used by the people of Hulul to refute their misconceptions when pointing out the difference between rab and abdication are sound. It can be mentioned in this context that even Khidr, who taught Moses, was described as a servant by Almighty Allah, and since no Sufi can be superior to Khidr, it is not possible to ascribe lordship to them. One of Deylemî's criticisms is related to the concept of "istiva". He clearly states that some Sufis do not approve of this approach to the concept. This article is about detecting that criticism.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=63874</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[453-465]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/236</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Covid-19 Stresi Altındaki Hamilelerde Pandemi Kaygısı ile Dini Başa Çıkma Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Investigation of the Relationship Between Pandemic Anxiety and Religious Coping Levels in Pregnant Women Under Covid-19 Stress]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Bilal KARTAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sevda KARTAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, çocuk gelişimi, Covid-19 pandemisi, pandemi kaygısı, dini başa çıkma]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of religion, child development, Covid-19 pandemic, pandemic anxiety, religious coping]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu çalışmanın evrenini, Türkiye genelinde Covid-19 pandemisi (2020-2022) boyunca hamilelik geçirmiş olup şu an 0-2 yaşında çocukları olan 132 anne oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada pandemi sürecinde hamile olan kadınların kaygı düzeylerini azaltmada dini başa çıkmanın ne düzeyde etki ettiğini belirlemeye çalıştık. Hamile olan kadınların pandemi kaygı düzeyleri ile dini başa çıkma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaç edindik.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Çalışmada katılımcılara ait bazı demografik değişkenlere göre dini başa çıkma ve pandemi kaygısında değişim olup olmadığı incelendi. Ölçek sorularının güvenirlik (reliability) analizi kapsamında “Cronbach’s Alpha katsayıları” hesaplandı. Sürekli ölçümlerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığına; Shapiro-Wilk ve Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi sonuçları ile Skewness (çarpıklık) ve Kurtosis (basıklık) katsayılarına bakılarak karar verildi. Her bir değişken için katılımcı gruplarına göre ölçek puanlarının karşılaştırılmasında “Bağımsız T-testi” ve “Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA)” yapıldı. İkiden fazla grup olması durumunda farklılık gösteren grupları belirlemede Duncan testi kullanılmış ve sürekli ölçümler arası ilişkileri belirlemede “Pearson” korelasyon katsayıları hesaplandı.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Annelerin eğitim düzeyleri artıkça kaygı düzeylerinin düştüğü görüldü. Çalışan annelerin pozitif dini başa çıkma düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Birden fazla gebelik geçiren annelerin daha az pandemi kaygısı yaşadıkları ortaya çıktı. İlçe, köy ve kırsalda yaşayan annelerin şehir merkezlerinde yaşayanlardan daha az kaygılı oldukları gözlendi ve onların pozitif dini başa çıkma düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu görüldü. Ailelerin gelir düzeyleri ile dini başa çıkma herhangi bir ilişki tespit edilmedi. Gün içerisinde daha çok saat haberlere maruz kalan annelerin daha kaygılı oldukları ortaya çıktı. Pandemi boyunca annelerin öznel dindarlık algıları ile dini başa çıkma arasında pozitif bir ilişki tespit edildi. Pozitif dini başa çıkma ile pandemi kaygısı arasında herhangi bir doğrusal anlamlı ilişkinin olmadığı sonucuna varıldı. Bu araştırma, Hakkari Üniversitesi Etik Kurulunun 27/04/2022 tarih ve 27655 sayılı onayı ile yürütülmüştür.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The sample of this study consisted of 132 mothers who had been pregnant during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-2022) in Türkiye and currently have children aged 0-2. In this study, we tried to determine the effect of religious coping on reducing the anxiety levels of pregnant women during the pandemic process. We aimed to examine the relationship between pandemic anxiety levels and religious coping levels of pregnant women. In the study, it was examined whether there was a change in religious coping and pandemic anxiety according to some demographic variables of the participants. "Cronbach's Alpha coefficients" were calculated within the scope of the reliability analysis of the scale questions. Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results and Skewness and Kurtosis coefficients were determined by looking at whether the continuous measurements were normally distributed. For each variable, "Independent T-test" and "One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)" were performed to compare the scale scores according to the participant groups. In the case of more than two groups, Duncan's test was used to determine the groups that differed and “Pearson” correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships between continuous measurements.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;It was observed that as the education level of the mothers increased, their anxiety levels decreased. It was concluded that positive religious coping levels of working mothers were high. It turned out that mothers who had more than one pregnancy experienced less pandemic anxiety. It was observed that mothers living in towns, villages and rural areas were less anxious than those living in city centers, and their positive religious coping levels were higher. No relationship was found between families' income levels and religious coping. It turned out that mothers who were exposed to the news for more hours during the day were more anxious. A positive relationship was found between mothers' subjective perceptions of religiosity and religious coping during the pandemic. It was concluded that there was no linear significant relationship between positive religious coping and pandemic anxiety. This research was carried out with the approval of Hakkari University Ethics Committee dated 27/04/2022 and numbered 27655.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=63786</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[411-432]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/237</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[el-Emâlî’nin Manzum Türkçe Tercümelerine Bir Örnek: Hâfız Refîʽ Efendi’nin Kasîde-i Emâlî Tercüme-i Manzûmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Example of Turkish Poetical Translations of al-Emali: Hafız Refi Efendi’s Kasîde-i Emâlî Tercüme-i Manzûmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Atila GÖKDEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Türk İslam Edebiyatı, akâidnâme, el-Ûşî, Kasîde-i Emâlî, Yanyalı Hâfız Refîʽ Efendi, Kasîde-i Emâlî Tercüme-i Manzûmesi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Turkish Islamic Literature, aqaidname, al-Usi, Qasida al-Amali, Hafız Refîʽ Efendi, Kasîde-i Emâlî Terceme-i Manzûmesi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Akâidnâmeler, Türk İslam edebiyatı sahasının dinî-didaktik yönü ağır basan eserlerindendir. İslam’ın temel ilke ve kaidelerinin, bir diğer tabirle iman esaslarının Müslüman topluma öğretilmesi maksadıyla kaleme alınmışlardır. Ekseriyetle mensur olarak telif edilen akâidnâmelerin, itikâdî meselelerin kolayca öğrenilmesi ve ezberlenmesini sağlamak gayesine matuf olarak yazılan manzum örneklerine de rastlanmaktadır. Akâidnâmeler, telif ve tercüme eserler olarak tasnif edilmektedir. Türün Türk İslam edebiyatı sahasında yapılan manzum tercümelerinde genellikle İmâm-ı Âzam Ebû Hanîfe’nin &lt;em&gt;el-Fıkhu’l-Ekber&lt;/em&gt; ve &lt;em&gt;el-Vasıyye&lt;/em&gt;, Hızır Bey’in &lt;em&gt;Kasîde-i Nûniyye&lt;/em&gt;, Birgivî’nin &lt;em&gt;Vasiyetnâme&lt;/em&gt;, Molla Câmî’nin &lt;em&gt;Îtikadnâme&lt;/em&gt; ve özellikle de Ali b. Osman el-Ûşî’nin &lt;em&gt;Kasîde-i Emâlî &lt;/em&gt;adlı eserleri esas alınmıştır. &lt;em&gt;Kasîde-i Emâlî&lt;/em&gt;’nin manzum Türkçe tercümelerinden biri de 19. asır Mekteb-i Sultânî muallimlerinden Yanyalı Hafız Refîʽ Efendi’nin &lt;em&gt;Kasîde-i Emâlî Tercüme-i Manzûmesi&lt;/em&gt;’dir. Çalışmada ilk olarak akâid ve İslam akâidine dair telif edilen eserler ile Osmanlı edebî sahasındaki akaidnâme örnekleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Akabinde el-Ûşî ve meşhur eseri &lt;em&gt;Kasîde-i Emâlî&lt;/em&gt; hakkında muhtasar bilgiler verilecektir. Daha sonra Hafız Refîʽ Efendi’nin hayatı, eserleri ve tasavvufî şahsiyeti ile ilgili tespitler aktarılarak, &lt;em&gt;Kasîde-i Emâlî Tercüme-i Manzûmesi&lt;/em&gt;’nin şekil ve muhteva özellikleri ile İzzî’nin &lt;em&gt;Kasîde-i Emâlî Tercümesi&lt;/em&gt; arasındaki benzerlikler ele alınacaktır. Son olarak ise eserin transkripsiyonlu metni verilecektir. Bu çalışma ile dinî-didaktik edebiyatın önemli türlerinden olan manzum akâidnâmeler üzerine yapılacak araştırmalara katkı sunulması hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı da Hafız Refîʽ Efendi hakkında yapılacak çalışmalara kapı aralamaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Aqaidnames are among the works of Turkish-Islamic literature whose religious-didactic aspect predominates. They were written in order to teach the basic principles and rules of Islam, in other words, the principles of faith to the Muslim community.  Although aqaidnames are mostly written in prose, there are examples in verse written for the purpose of easily learning and memorizing the creed issues. Aqaidnames are classified as copyrighted and translated works. In verse translations of the genre made in the field of Turkish Islamic literature, generally al-Imam al-Azam Abu Hanifa’s &lt;em&gt;al-Fiqh al-Aqbar&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;al-Vasiyya&lt;/em&gt;, Hızır Bey's &lt;em&gt;Qasîda al-Nuniyye&lt;/em&gt;, Birgivi's &lt;em&gt;Vasiyetname&lt;/em&gt;, Molla Jami's &lt;em&gt;Itiqadname&lt;/em&gt; and especially Ali bin Osman al-Usi's work named &lt;em&gt;Qasida al-Amali&lt;/em&gt; were taken as basis. One of the Turkish verse translations of &lt;em&gt;Qasida al-Amali&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;Kasîde-i Emâlî Tercüme-i Manzumesi&lt;/em&gt; written by Yanyalı Hafız Refîʽ Efendi, one of the Mekteb-i Sultani teachers in 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century. In the study, firstly, the works written on creed and Islamic creed and the examples of aqaidname in the Ottoman literary field will be emphasized. Afterwards, concise information will be given about al-Usi and his famous work, &lt;em&gt;Qasîda al-Amali&lt;/em&gt;. Afterwards, determinations about Hafız Refîʽ Efendi's life, works and mystical personality will be conveyed. Then, the form and content features of Kasîde-i Emâlî Tercüme-i Manzûmesi and the similarities between Hafız Refîʽs book and Izzî's Qasida al-Amali translation will be discussed. Finally, the transcription of the work will be given. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the researches on aqaidnames in verse, which are one of the significant genres of religious-didactic literature. Another aim of the study is to open the door to studies about Hafız Refîʽ Efendi.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=63785</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[379-409]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/238</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İsmâil Sâdık Kemâl Paşa’nın Manzum Tefsîr-i Kemâl’i]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Manzum Tafsîr-i Kemâl of İsmâil Sâdık Kemal Pasha]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Rıdvan ÇETİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Türk-İslam Edebiyatı, İsmâil Sâdık Kemâl Paşa, Kur’ân-ı Kerim, Manzum Tefsîr, Âyet]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Turkish-Islamic Literature, İsmâil Sâdik Kemâl Pasha, Quran, Manzum Tafseer, Verse]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in tefsîri ve tercümesi daha Hz. Peygamber (sav) hayatta iken yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’i ilk tercüme eden Sahabeden Selman-ı Fârisî olup besmele ile birlikte Fatiha sûresini Farsçaya tercüme etmiştir. İslâmiyet’in ilk yıllarında başlayan tefsîr ve tercüme çalışmaları, yeni dinin diğer kavimlerin arasında yayılmasıyla hız kazanmıştır. Türkler İslâm dinini kabul ettikten sonra yeni dinin mesajlarını ve esaslarını öğrenmek için Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’i Türkçeye tercüme etmişlerdir. Zeki Veli Togan, Kur’ân’ın Türkçeye tercüme edilmesi, Farsçaya yapılan ilk tercümeyle aynı döneme denk geldiğini belirtmektedir.  Hem doğu Türkçesiyle hem de batı Türkçesiyle birçok tefsîr ve tercüme yapılmıştır. Günümüze gelinceye kadar Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in birçok dilde tefsîr ve tercümesi yapılmıştır. Divan edebiyatında, Kur’an-ı Kerîm’in bazı sûrelerinin manzum tercüme ve tefsîrlerinin yapıldığı bilinmektedir. Ancak bu dönemde, Kur’ân-ı Kerim’in baştan sona manzum tercümesi veya tefsîrine rastlanılmamıştır. Kur’ân-ı Kerim, Divan edebiyatının temel kaynaklarından birisidir. Bu edebiyatta hem şekle hem de muhtevaya ait bazı türlerin ortaya çıkmasına kaynak teşkil etmiştir. Özellikle tevhid, münacat, na’t, mevlid, siyer, miraciye ve hilye-i şeriflerde büyük bir oranda Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’den istifade edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada XIX. asır devlet adamı, şair, müfessir ve hattatlarından İsmâil Sâdık Kemâl Paşa’nın “Tefsîr-i Kemâl” adlı eseri; hayatı, edebi şahsiyeti, eserleri ile şairin Tefsîr -i Kemâl’i, müellifin tefsir metodu, eserin şekil özellikleri ve eserine kaynaklık eden şahıs ve eserleri incelemeye tabi tutulacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The interpretation and translation of the Qur'an was started when the Prophet (saas) was alive. The first to translate the Qur'an, the Companion Salman Al-Farisi, translated the Surat Al-Fatiha together with the "Bismillah" (In the name of Allah) into Persian. Interpretation (tafseer) and translation studies, which started in the first years of Islam, gained momentum with the spread of the new religion among other nations. Until today, the Qur'an has been translated and interpreted into many languages. After the Turks accepted the religion of Islam, they translated the Qur'an into Turkish in order to learn the messages and principles of the new religion. Zeki Veli Togan, the translation of the Qur'an into Turkish, according to the first translation made to Farsi, was the same period. Many interpretations and translations of Quran have been made in both eastern and western Turkish accents. The Qur'an is one of the main sources of Divan literature. This has been a source for the emergence of some genres of both form and content in literature. Especially in tawheed (unity), munacat (invocation), na't (eulogy), mawlid, siyar al-nabi, miraciye and hilye-i sherifs, the Qur'an has been utilized to a great extent. In Divan literature, it is known that some verses of Qur'an translated and interpreted. However, in this period, whole translation or interpretation of the whole Qur'an has not be found. XIX in this study the work of ismâil Sâdik Kemâl Pasha, a man of the state, poet, mufessir and hattater, is subject to examining life, literary character, works and the works of the poet Tefsîr-i Kemâl, the method of inspection of the property, the shape characteristics and the work of the artifact. Generally, while creating voluminous works in Divan literature, masnavi verse form was preferred. However, Ismâil Sâdık Kemâl Pasha used the verse form of kıt'a-i kebire while composing his interpretation. This interpretation (Tafsîr,) differs from the others with these mentioned features.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=63713</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[359-377]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/239</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur’ân’da Davet Öğretisi ve Ana Akım-Radikal İslâmcı Hareketlerin İdeolojisinde Yorumlanışı ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Doctrine of Da‘wah in the Qur’an and its Interpretation in the Ideology of Mainstream-Radical Islamist Movements]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Zeynep Nermin AKSAKAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Kur’ân, Davet, Emir bi’l-Ma‘rûf Nehiy ani’l-Münker, Ana Akım İslâmcılık, Radikal İslâmcılık]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Qur’an, Da‘wah, Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil, Mainstream Islamism, Radical Islamism]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İslâm dini, Müslüman toplumlarda edindiği konumu itibariyle haricî ve dâhilî bölücü faaliyet gösteren güçlerin bir aracı olagelmiştir. Özellikle Kur’ân’da yer alan davet öğretisi, Orta Doğu’da bulunan radikal hareketlerin ideolojisinde maksadını aşarak hem Müslüman toplumlara hem de diğer toplumlara karşı düşmanlık ve şiddete yönlendiren bir etken haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle bu öğretinin ne anlama geldiğinin ve ne yönüyle istismar edildiğinin belirlenip bu konudaki aşırılıklara karşı çözüm önerilerinin sunulması önemlidir. Bu amaçla yapılan bu çalışmada Kur’ân’daki davet öğretisinin temelleri, tefsir kaynaklarındaki ve 20. yüzyıldan itibaren baş gösteren ana akım-radikal İslâmcı hareketlerin ideolojisindeki yorumlarıyla birlikte araştırılmıştır. Çalışma güncel ve küresel bir sorun olan radikalleşmenin düşünce sistemini ve dayandığı bazı argümanları incelemesi yönüyle önemlidir. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre Kur’ân’da yer alan davet öğretisinin temelindeki hayra davet ve iyiliği emredip kötülükten menetme konusu keyfî yorum ve istismarlara açıktır. İyiliğin ölçüsü akla ve şeriata göre güzel olma şeklinde belirlenmiş olsa da ideolojiler ölçü alınınca tanımlamalar değişebilmektedir. Kur’ân’dan anlaşıldığı üzere Müslümanlar arasındaki davetin temel amacı ümmetin birliğinin sağlanması ve sulhdur. Sulh evrensel davetin de temel amaçlarındandır. Reformist ana akım İslâmcı hareketler daveti siyasete çekerek faaliyetlerini ulûhiyete yani Allah’ın egemenliğini sosyal-siyasal her alanda kabul etmeye çağrı merkezinde yürütmüştür. Bu ana akımlardan kopan devrimci radikal hareketler ise daveti, tebliğ ve irşat alanından, insanları İslâm dinine boyun eğdirmek için savaşma anlamındaki bir cihat alanına çekmişlerdir. Bu durum, davet faaliyetlerinde insanlığa vadedilen sulhu sağlamadığı gibi düşmanlık ve şiddeti de körüklemektedir. Bu nedenle, davet görevini, aşırı ideolojilerden uzak olarak yetişmiş yetkili kimselerin, akıl ve kalplere hitap eden yumuşak yollarla yapması gerekmektedir.   &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The religion of Islam, due to its position in Muslim societies, has been a tool for external and internal separatist forces. In particular, the doctrine of da‘wah in the Qur’an exceeded its purpose in the ideology of radical movements in the Middle East and has become a factor that leads to hostility and violence against both Muslim societies and other societies. For this reason, it is important to determine what this teaching means and how it is abused and to propose solutions against the excesses in this regard. For this purpose, in this study, the foundations of the da‘wah doctrine in the Qur’an were investigated together with its interpretations in the sources of tafsir and in the ideology of the contemporary mainstream-radical Islamist movements that have emerged since the 20th century. The study is important in terms of examining the thought system of radicalization, which is a current and global problem, and some of the arguments on which it is based. According to the results, the issue of da‘wah to goodness and enjoining good and forbidding evil, which is the basis of the da‘wah doctrine in the Qur'an, is open to arbitrary interpretations and abuses. Although the measure of goodness is determined as being good according to reason and shari’ah, definitions can change when ideologies are taken as a measure. As it is understood from the Qur'an, the main purpose of the da‘wah among Muslims is to ensure the unity of the ummah and peace. Peace is one of the main purposes of the universal da‘wah. Reformist mainstream Islamist movements brought the da‘wah into politics and carried out their activities in the call center to accept the sovereignty of Allah in every social-political field. Revolutionary radical movements that broke away from these mainstream movements have shifted the doctrine of da‘wah from the field of teaching and guidance to the field of jihad, which means fighting to make people submit to the religion of Islam. This situation does not provide the peace promised to humanity in the activities of the da‘wah, and it also fuels hostility and violence. For this reason, authorized persons who have been trained away from extreme ideologies should carry out the duty of da‘wah in soft ways that appeal to the minds and hearts.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=63542</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[313-329]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/240</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İbnü’l-Abdilber el-Mâlikî’ye (ö. 463/1071) Göre Fıkhi Meselelerin Temellendirilmesi İbadet Örneğinde]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Guidance on Fiqhial Issues According to Ibn Abd al-Barr al-Maliki]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Shavish MURAD]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Fıkıh, İstidlâl, Fıkhi tevcîh, İbn Abdilberr, Mâlikî mezhebi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Fiqh, Inference, Guidance in Fiqhial, Ibn Abd al-Barr, Maliki's Mezhebi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Fıkhi meselelerdeki delil, o meselerin ruhu ve nefesidir. Çünkü fıkıh; nazar/istidlal/fikir yürütme ile kavranmaktadır. Şeri hükümleri tam anlamıyla bilmeyi sağlayacak akıl yürütme, ancak istidlale dayanmalıdır. İstidlâl talep edilene (hükme) götüren şeydir. Fıkıh meselelerindeki temellendirme; meselelerin asıllarını açıklayan deliller aracılığıyla fıkhi meselelerdeki görüş ve fetvaları delillerine dayandırmak ve bunların şer‘i kaynaklarını açıklamaktır. Meseleleri delillere dayandırma fıkhın ve fıkıh esasının özüdür. Şer‘i hükümleri istinbât eden alim bu hükümlerin delillerini bilmediği sürece ona alim denilmez. Çünkü fıkıh, şer‘î ameli hükümleri tafsili delillerinden öğrenmektir. Tüm bunlara binaen her mezhep içinde mezhep imamlarının birçok sebepten dolayı gerekçelendirmedikleri bazı hükümleri daha sonra gerekçelendiren ve delilillerine dayandıran büyük alimler ortaya çıkmıştır. Böyle yapan alimlerden biri de İbn Abdilber’dir ki onun birçok eserinde fıkhi meseleleri delillerine dayandırmadaki yöntemi; meseleleri sağlam bir şekilde temellendirme, onlar için güçlü bir delil getirme ve onları iyi bir şekilde açıklama şeklinde olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada uygulamalı olarak fıkhî delilendirmenin önemini, bunun nasıl yapıldığını, konuya dair ibadet türünden ilmi uygulama örneklerini, buna dair meseleleri ve İbn Abdilber’in fıkhi temellendirme yönteminde öne çıkan yönlerinin en önemlilerini ortaya koyduk. Fürû mesellerinin delillerine ilhak edilmesi, bunların şer‘î delillere nasıl dayandırıldığının öğrenilmesi, talil ve kıyas ile İslam Hukuku’nun devamlı gelişmesi ve verimli olması için alan açılması; İslam hukukunun anlaşılması, gelişmesi, parlaması, elverişli olması; meydana gelen yeni mesellere cevap verilmesi; İslam hukukunun yolu, maksadı ve gayesininin dışına çıkmadan bu tür meselelere çözüm üretilmesi için fıkhi meseleleri delillerine dayandırma önem arz etmektedir. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Evidence in fiqh is its soul, for fiqh is understood by consideration to complete the process of knowing the legal rulings, he is the guide to what is required. guidance in fiqhial issues is a reference fatwas in fiqhial issues to their origins with evidence showing their reference to those assets and a statement of their legal point, this is the core of  fiqh, a scholar is not called a faqih except with the knowledge of the evidence for the rulings, fiqh is the knowledge of practical legal rulings from their detailed evidence, for this reason, scholars of every sect came out directing the sayings of their imams in what they went to when the ruling was mentioned without its evidence. among these scholars is Ibn Abd al-Bar, whose style was distinguished in many of his books by sober guidance, strong argument, and a bright statement in directing legal issues.Here we have shown by application the importance of fiqhial guidance and examples of it in worship and its issues, and the most important features of fiqhial guidance according to Ibn Abd al-Barr al-Maliki. fiqhtial guidance is of great importance to know the attachment of the new branches to their origins and how to direct them to their legal evidence, to allow for the continuous development of ıslamic fiqh and its fertility through guidance, reasoning, and measurement,  and revealing the extent of the scientific methodology of the ıslamic fiqhtial mind, its development and prosperity, and to meet the requirements in fiqhtial developments and find solutions to them without deviating from the avenue of ıslamic legislation and its aims and objectives.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=63257</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[433-451]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/241</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ebü’l- Meâlî el-Cüveynî’nin, Ebû hâşim el-Cübbâî’nin Ahvâl Teorisini Eleştirisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Juwayni's Critique of Abu Hashim al-Jubbai's Theory of Ahvâl]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Selim GÜLVERDİ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kelâm, Zât, Sıfat, Ebû Hâşim el-Cübbâî, Cüveynî, Ahvâl]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kalam, Essence, Attributes, Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāī, Juwaynî, Ahwal]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İlahi sıfatlar meselesi genel olarak kelamcılar arasında tartışılan bir problem olmuştur. Gerek iç ve gerekse dış etkenler neticesinde tartışmaya açılan bu konuda kelamcılar arasında farklı bakış açıları ortaya çıkmıştır. Mu‘tezile kelamcıları teaddüd-ü kudema anlayışının oluşmasına sebebiyet vermemek gerekçesiyle ilahi sıfatları nominal olarak telakki ederken Ehl-i sünnet kelamcıları bu konuda realist bir bakış açısını tercih etmişlerdir. Yani Mu‘tezile kelamcıları ilahi sıfatların sadece zihinde var kabul edildiklerini aslında gerçek bir varlıklarının olmadığını ileri sürerken Ehl-i sünnet kelamcıları ilahi sıfatların ontolojik bir varlıklarının olduğunu kabul etmiştir. Mu‘tezile ve Ehl-i sünnet kelamcılarının konu hakkındaki endişelerinden dolayı böyle bir sonuca gittikleri rahatlıkla söylenebilir. Çünkü Mu‘tezile kelamcıları sıfatların ontolojik varlığının kabul edilmesi halinde Allah’tan başka kadim varlıkların var olmasının kabul edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna götürebileceğini savunmuştur. Ehl-i sünnet kelamcıları ise ilahi sıfatların ontolojik varlığının kabul edilmemesi halinde Allah’ın sıfatlarından soyutlanmasına yol açacağını ve bunun da Allah için acziyet anlamına geleceğini ileri sürmüştür. Ayrıca Mu‘tezile’nin bu bakış açısına sahip olmasında tevhide dayalı bir endişe daha etkili olurken Ehl-i sünnet için ise Kadir-i mutlak bir ilah anlayışının daha etkili olduğu söylenebilir. Kelam tarihinde önemli bir ontolojik problem olarak yer alan ilahi sıfatlar meselesinde ara çözüm arayışı olarak değerlendirilebilecek Ebû Hâşim el-Cübbâî’nin ahvâl teorisi bu konuda önemli bir adım olarak kabul edilebilir. Ebû Hâşim Mu‘tezile’nin sıfat anlayışını hazmedememiş ve bunun için de ahvâl teorisini geliştirmiştir. Aynı zamanda Cüveynî de bu teoriyi Eş’arî paradigmaya uygun hale getirerek benimsemiştir. Bu çalışmada Cüveynî’nin, Ebû Hâşim geliştirdiği ahvâl teorisinin kabul gerekçeleri ve bu teoriye yönelttiği eleştiriler ayrıca tartışmaya temel oluşturan argümanların neler olduğu ve problemin çözümüne yaptığı katkının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p class="rnakz-Abstract-AnahtarKelimeler-Keywords" style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext;"&gt;The issue of divine attributes has &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext;"&gt;been a problem discussed among theologians in general. Different perspectives have emerged among theologians on this subject, which has been brought up for discussion as a result of both internal and external factors. While Mu'tazila theologians regarded divine attributes as nominal on the grounds of not causing the formation of the understanding of taaddud-u-kudama, Ahl as-sunnat theologians preferred a realist perspective on this issue. In other words, while Mu'tazila theologians claimed that divine attributes are considered to exist only in the mind, they do not actually have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: windowtext;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext;"&gt;a real existence, whereas Ahl as-sunnat theologians accepted that divine attributes have an ontological existence. It can easily be said that Mu'tazila and Ahl as-sunnat theologians came to such a conclusion because of their concerns about the issue. Because Mu'tazila theologians argued that if the ontological existence of attributes is accepted, it can lead to the conclusion that the existence of ancient beings other than Allah should be accepted. Ahl as-sunnat theologians, on the other hand, argued that if the ontological existence of divine attributes is not accepted, it will lead to the isolation of Allah from His attributes, and this will mean incapacity for Allah. In addition, it can be said that while a concern based on tawhid is more effective in the Mu'tazila's having this point of view, it can be said that the understanding of an Absolute God is more effective for Ahl as-Sunnah. İn this study, it is aimed to determine the reasons for acceptance of the theory of ahvâl, developed by Ebû Hâşim, and the criticisms directed to this theory, as well as to determine the arguments that form the basis of the discussion and his contribution to the solution of the problem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=62867</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[499-510]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/242</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[18. Yüzyıl Osmanlı El Yazmalarında Kullanılan Hatip Ebru]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Hatib Marbling Used in 18th Century Ottoman Manuscripts]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Bahattin YAMAN ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Keziban GÜNDÜZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Türk İslam Sanatları, Ebru Sanatı, 18. Yüzyıl Hatip Ebru, Ebru Çeşitleri, Yazma Eserler]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Turkish Islamic Arts, Ebru Art, 18th Century Hatip Ebru, Marbling Types, Manuscripts]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Geleneksel bir sanat olan Türk ebru sanatı, yapıldığı dönemin şartlarına ayak uydurarak günümüze kadar gelmiş ve gelişerek de devam etmektedir. Kitap sanatları açısından ayrı bir önemi olan &lt;em&gt;Ebru Sanatının&lt;/em&gt; Osmanlı dönemindeki gelişimini çeşitli kamu ve kuruluşuna ait arşivlerden, özel koleksiyonlardan, müzelerden ve kütüphanelerden yararlanarak ebru çeşitlerine göre veya yüzyıllara göre incelemek mümkündür. Yapılan bilimsel çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu M. Uğur Derman’ın yazmış olduğu ‘Türk Sanatında Ebru” adlı eserin tekrarı niteliğindedir. Özgün örneklere göre yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar parmakla sayılacak kadar azdır. Sayıca az da olsa, son yıllarda farklı kütüphane yazmaları üzerindeki örneklerden yola çıkarak yapılan çalışmalar sevindiricidir.  Bu araştırmalar sadece bir kütüphaneyi temel alarak orada bulunan eserlerdeki ebru çeşitlerini incelemektedir. Osmanlı döneminin tamamı üzerinde çalışmak ise kapsamlı bir araştırmayı gerektireceğinden dolayı bu çalışmamızın kapsamı 18. yüzyıldaki hatip ebrular olarak sınırlandırılmıştır. Elde edilen eserler için 18 kütüphane ile yüz yüze, telefonla veya e-posta ile iletişime geçilmiştir. 1579 adet ebrulu eserin görselleri incelenip excel programından yararlanılarak eserlerin tablosu ayrıntılı bir şekilde oluşturulmuştur. Bunun sonucunda eserlerin çeşitli bölümlerinde 3582 adet ebruya rastlanılmıştır. Bunların arasından hatip ebru bulunan eserler incelemeye alınmıştır. Bunun sonucunda 16 hatip ebru çeşidinin kullanıldığı 615 eserde toplam 1416 adet hatip ebru bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilen eserlerdeki hatip ebrular çeşitlerine, eserin hatip ebrulu olan bölümlerine ve hatip ebru kullanılan cilt biçimlerine göre incelenmiş ve sonra 66 eserin görselleri kullanılarak açıklamaları yapılmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Turkish marbling art, which is a traditional art, has survived to the present day by keeping up with the conditions of the period in which it was made and continues to develop. It is possible to examine the development of the art of marbling in the Ottoman period, which has a special importance in terms of book arts, by using various public and institutional archives, private collections, museums and libraries, according to marbling types or centuries. The majority of the scientific studies carried out are repetitions of the work named "Türk Sanatında Ebru" written by M. Uğur Derman. Scientific studies based on original samples are so few that they can be counted with fingers. Although few in number, the studies on different library manuscripts in recent years based on examples are pleasing. These studies are based only on a library and examine the types of marbling in the works found there. Since working on the entire Ottoman period will require a comprehensive research, the scope of this study is limited to the 18th century hatib marbling. For the works obtained, 18 libraries were contacted face-to-face, by phone or by e-mail. The visuals of 1579 marbling works were examined and the table of the works was created in detail by using the excel program. As a result, 3582 pieces of marbling were found in various parts of the works. Among these, the works with hatib marbling were examined. As a result, there are 1416 hatib marbling works in 615 works in which 16 types of hatib marbling are used. The works obtained within the scope of this study were examined according to the types of hatib marbling, the parts of the work with hatib marbling, and the binding styles in which hatip marbling was used, and then explanations were made using the visuals of 66 works.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=62859</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 3[239-264]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/243</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Amiran Kurtkan Bilgiseven’de Sosyal Bütünleşme ve Tevhit Birliği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Social Integration and Unity of Tawheed at Amiran Kurtkan Bilgiseven]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kayhan BAYRAM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ali COŞKUN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Sosyolojisi, sosyal bütünleşme, sosyal yapı, birlik, kültür]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Religion, social ıntegration, social structure, unity, culture]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ülkemizde sosyolojinin ilerlemesinde büyük katkıları olan, Türk sosyoloji geleneğinde derin izler bırakan isimlerin başında kuşkusuz Amiran Kurtkan Bilgiseven gelmektedir. Bilgiseven’in özel sosyolojik anlayışında Türk-İslam-Tevhit düşüncesinin hâkim olduğu dile getirilebilir. Toplumdaki tüm farklılıkların tevhit ile bir araya geldiğini ve toplumun bu sayede gerçek manada bütünleştiğini savunmuştur. Bilgiseven’e göre, toplumda sosyal bütünleşmenin sağlanması için zaman, süreç ve karşılıklı düşünce birliğine ihtiyaç varken, entegrasyonun zıddı olan çözülmenin ise, bütünleşmeye göre daha çabuk ve kolay meydana gelir. Sosyal çözülme ve çatışmanın olmaması için, toplumda sosyal bütünleşmenin devamlılığı son derece hayati olmaktadır. Ona göre sosyal bütünleşme, millet olma bilinciyle duygu ve anlam birliğini yakalamaktır. Ülkemizde sosyal bütünleşme denilince Ziya Gökalp ile birlikte anılacak olan Amiran Kurtkan Bilgiseven’in sosyal bütünleşme anlayışını, tevhit birliği düşüncesine paralel bir biçimde ele alamaya çalışacağız. Bilgiseven’in bu iki önemli konunun birbirine ne derecede bağımlı olduğunu eserlerinde dile getirdiğini detaylı literatürel inceleme ve dokümantasyon teknikleri ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu çerçevede, çalışmada önce sosyal bütünleşmenin ne olduğu ile ilgili kısa bir giriş yaptıktan sonra, konu ile ilgili Bilgiseven’in görüşlerine detaylı bir biçimde yer verilecektir. Çalışma hem Türk sosyolojisinin önemli isimlerinden olan Bilgiseven’in daha iyi anlaşılmasında hem de sosyal bütünleşme olgusunun bilimsel manada daha sağlam bir temele oturtulmasına yardımcı olacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Undoubtedly, Amiran Kurtkan Bilgiseven is one of the names who have made great contributions to the progress of sociology in our country and left deep traces in the tradition of Turkish sociology. It can be stated that Turkish-Islamic-Tawheed thought dominates Bilgiseven's special sociological understanding. She argued that all the differences in the society came together with tawheed and thus the society became truly integrated. According to Bilgiseven, while time, process and mutual understanding are needed to ensure social integration in society; dissolution, which is the opposite of integration, occurs more quickly and easily than integration. In order to avoid social disintegration and conflict, the continuity of social integration in society is extremely vital. According to her, social integration is to catch the unity of emotion and meaning with the consciousness of being a nation. This study aims to deal with the social integration understanding of Amiran Kurtkan Bilgiseven, who is mentioned with Ziya Gökalp when it comes to social integration in our country, in parallel with the idea of Tawheed. The study aims to reveal how Bilgiseven expresses the interdependence of these two important issues in her works, with detailed literature review and documentation techniques. In this framework, after making a brief introduction about what social integration is, Bilgiseven's views on the subject are given in details. The study aims to help both a better understanding of the views of Bilgiseven, one of the important names of Turkish sociology, and to put the phenomenon of social integration on a more solid.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=62841</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[467-480]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/244</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Türkiye’nin Din Eğitimi Tartışmalarında Fransa Modeli Örnek Olabilir Mi?]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Can the France Model Be an Example in Turkey’s Discussions on Religious Education?]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Emre ALTINTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, eğitim, Fransa, laiklik, okulda din dersi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, education, France, secularism, religious course at school]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Türkiye’de örgün kapsamda gerçekleştirilen din eğitimi tartışmalarında lehte ve aleyhte ortaya konulan çeşitli görüşler bulunmaktadır. Din eğitiminin aleyhinde beyan edilen bu görüşlerden birine göre ülkemizdeki okullarda din dersi yer almamalıdır. Söz konusu görüşe gerekçe olarak bu dersin laiklik ilkesine aykırı olduğu ifade edilmekte, konuyla ilgili Fransa’daki din dersi uygulamaları örnek gösterilmektedir. Ancak Fransa’nın din eğitimine dair kapsamlı bir inceleme yapıldığında bu ülkedeki uygulamaların Türkiye için bir model olamayacağı anlaşılmaktadır. Zira bu ülkenin tarihsel tecrübesi, din-devlet ilişkilerinde yer aldığı pozisyon, eğitim sistemi ve nihayetinde din eğitimine yaklaşımı ülkemizden oldukça farklı bir zemine yaslanmaktadır. Bu araştırmada da söz konusu duruma dair literatür taraması yöntemine dayanan bir değerlendirme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla Fransa’nın genel yapısı, din-devlet ilişkileri, eğitim ve din eğitimi sistemi analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Fransa’nın laiklik anlayışı ve din eğitimi uygulamalarının Türkiye için bir model olamayacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu sonuçta, her iki ülkenin laiklik ve din-devlet ilişkilerinin farklı tarihsel tecrübelere dayandığı argümanı öne çıkmıştır. Dolayısıyla Fransa’da devlet okullarında din dersi olmamasından hareketle, ülkemiz için konuyla ilgili gerçekleştirilen çıkarımların gerçeklikten uzak olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca ülkemizdeki okullarda yer alan din derslerinin, ülkemiz eğitim sisteminde var olan imam-hatip ve yüksek din eğitimi kurumlarının Türkiye’nin din eğitimi tecrübesinin doğal bir sonucu olduğu tezi bu sonuç çerçevesinde güç kazanmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;There are various opinions put forward in favor and against the religious education debates held in the formal context in Turkey. According to one of these views expressed against religious education, religion lessons should not be included in schools in our country. As a justification for the said opinion, it is stated that this course is against the principle of secularism, and the practice of religion courses in France is cited as an example. However, when a comprehensive examination of the religious education of France is made, it is understood that the practices in this country cannot be a model for Turkey. Because the historical experience of this country, its position in religion-state relations, its education system and ultimately its approach to religious education rest on a very different ground from our country. In this study, an evaluation based on the literature review method was carried out on the situation in question. For this purpose, the general structure of France, religion-state relations, education and religious education system were analyzed. As a result of the research, it was concluded that France's understanding of secularism and religious education practices cannot be a model for Turkey. In this result, the argument that the secularism and religion-state relations of both countries are based on different historical experiences has come to the fore. Therefore, based on the fact that there is no religion course in public schools in France, it has been revealed that the inferences made for our country are far from reality. In addition, the thesis that religion lessons in schools in our country, imam-hatip and higher religious education institutions in our country's education system are a natural result of Turkey's religious education experience gained strength within the framework of this result.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=62828</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[331-341]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/245</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Abdullah b. Mübârek, Şairliği ve Şiirlerinde Ele Aldığı Konular]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Abdullah b. Mubarak, His Poetry and Subjects That He Dealt With in His Poems]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Eyüp SEVİNÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Edebiyatı, şiir, Abdullah b. Mübârek, muhaddis, zühd]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Literature, poem, Abdullah b. Mubarak, muhaddith, zuhd]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Abdullah b. Mübârek hadis âlimi olarak bilinmektedir. Kendi döneminde yaşayan meşhur hadis âlimlerinden birisidir. Hadis ilmini, kaynağından elde edebilmek için çokça ilmi seyahatlerde bulunmuştur. Abdullah b. Mübârek, ilmi çevreler tarafından hadis âlimi olarak tanınıp bilinmesine ek olarak şair kimliği ile de tanınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Abdullah b. Mübârek, Birinci Abbasi Döneminin zühd şairleri arasında kabul edilmektedir. Arap Edebiyatında birçok klasik eser onu, bir zühd şairi olarak ele almakta ve onun şairliği ile ilgili bilgiler sunmaktadır. Abdullah b. Mübârek’in zühd anlayışına dair hemen hemen bütün konularda şiir veya şiirler kaleme aldığı ifade edilebilir. Şiirlerinde, zâhidane bir hayatın tercih edilmesi hususunda çokça telkinlerde bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte İbn Mübârek’in şiirlerinde dinî bir bilinçlendirme amacı da güdülmektedir. Dünya hayatında İnsanların dinin kaide ve kurallarına bir diğer ifadeyle emir ve nehiylerine uygun yaşamalarını teşvik eden birçok unsur bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla onun şiirlerinde insanları, hak ve hakikate çağırmanın büyük bir gayreti olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca şiirlerinde üsluptan ziyade anlam derinliği ön plandadır. Bu bağlamda ele alınan bu çalışmada Abdullah b. Mübârek’in şairliği ve onun şiirlerinde değinmiş olduğu konular temel hedef olarak belirlenmiştir. Hayatı ile ilgili bilgilendirme yapıldıktan sonra şiirleri taranarak onların temel özellikleri ve onlarda ele alınan konular tespit edilmiştir. Buna ilaveten şiirlerinde var olan edebi sanatlara da değinilmeye çalışılmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Abdullah b. Mubarak was known as a hadith scholar. He is one of the famous hadith scholars living in his time. He traveled extensively in order to obtain the science of hadith from its source. Abdullah bin Mubarak, in addition to being recognized and known as a hadith scholar by scientific circles, is also known as a poet. Abdullah b. Mubarak is accepted among the ascetic poets of the first Abbasid period. He wrote poetry on almost all subjects related to the understanding of Zuhd. In his poems, there are many suggestions about preferring a reclusive life. However, there is a religious awareness purpose in Ibn Mubarak’s poems. In his poems, there is an element that encourages people to live in accordance with religion in the worldly life. İn addition to this, in his poems, the depth of meaning is at the forefront rather than the style. In this context, in this study, Abdullah b. Mubarak’s poetry and the subjects he dealt with in his poems were taken as the main target. After being informed about his life, his poems were scanned. and their main features and the topics covered in them have been identified. In addition, it has been tried to mention the literary arts in his poems.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=62615</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 4[481-497]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/246</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Maniheizm İnancının Ehl-i Hak İnancına Etkileri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Effects of the Manichaean Belief on the Belief of the Ahl-e Haq]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İbrahim KARACA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dinler Tarihi, Türk Kültür Tarihi, Türk Halkları ve Toplulukları, Maniheizm, Ehl-i Hak Türkleri]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Religions, History of Turkish Culture, Turkish Peoples and Communities, Manichaeism, Turks of Ahl-e Haq]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ortaya çıktığı çağda bütün dünyayı etkilemiş olan Maniheizm, 216 yılında Sasani Devletine bağlı bulunan Suristan’da doğan Mani tarafından kurulmuştur. Mani, 12 ve 24 yaşlarında ışık Tanrısından vahiy almış ve inancını yaymaya başlamıştır. Mani, öncelikle inancını anlatmak amacıyla Hindistan’a gitmiştir. Sonrasında 1. Şapur’un daveti üzerine Sasani Devletine dönmüştür. 1. Şapur, Mani’ye dinini yayması için geniş imtiyazlar vermiştir. Şapur’un amacı ülkesinde güçlü olan Zerdüştî din adamlarının etkinliğini kırmaktı. Mani, 1. Behram zamanında Zerdüştî din adamı Kartir’in kışkırtmaları ile 276 yılında idam edilmiştir. Ancak Mani’nin ölmesi inancı bitirmek yerine daha da geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmasını sağlamıştır.  1. Behram zamanında Maniheistlere yönelik takip ve baskılar sonucunda ülkede bulunan Maniheistler Soğd bölgesine kaçmışlardır. Soğdlu tüccarlar, bu dini Çine kadar yaymayı başarmışlardır. Uygur hakanı Bögü Kağan zamanında Maniheizm Uygurlar’ın resmi dini olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın konusunu Maniheizm ve Ehl-i Hak inançları arasındaki benzer inanış ve uygulamalar oluşturmaktadır. Ehl-i Hak inancı içerisinde eski Türk inançlarından, Maniheizm’den Zerdüştilik’ten kaynaklanan birçok inanç ve uygulama bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma sadece Maniheizm ve Ehl-i Hak inançları arasındaki benzer inanış ve uygulamaları ele almıştır. Ehl-i Hak inancı, 13. yüzyılda Süleymaniye’ye bağlı Berzence köyünde dünyaya gelen Sultan İshak tarafından ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ehl-i Hak inancı, sonrasında İran’ın batı bölgelerine hâkim olan bir inanış olmuş ve günümüze kadar varlığını sürdürmüştür. Özelikle 19. yüzyıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda Ali İlahi olarak anılmış bu topluluk kendilerini Ehl-i Hak olarak adlandırmaktadırlar. Ehl-i Hak topluluğu, zaman içerisinde özellikle İran’a hâkim olan Karakoyunlular ve Safevi Devletleri zamanında geniş bir alana yayılmıştır. Sultan İshak ismi yaşadığı dönemde hiçbir tarihi kaynak ve belgede geçmemektedir. Ehl-i Hak inancı da özellikle Safevi Devleti döneminde Türk olan Ateşbeyilerin inanç içerisine girmesi ile beraber önem arz eder bir hale gelmiştir. Bu yüzden söylenebilir ki 13.yüzyılda ortaya çıkan inanç 16. ve 17. yüzyıllarda kendisine bir topluluk oluşturmuştur. Muhtemelen günümüzdeki haline de 16. ve 17. yüzyıllarda ki şekliyle gelmiştir. Günümüzde Ehl-i Hak nüfusunun büyük çoğunluğunu Türkçe konuşan topluluklar oluşturmaktadır. Ehl-i Hak inancı merkezinde tek bir Tanrının olduğu ve bu Tanrının yeryüzünde insan şeklinde ortaya çıktığı bir Tanrı anlayışına sahiptir. Tek bir etnisiteden oluşmayan Ehl-i Hak inancında Türkler, Farslar, Goraniler topluluğun içerisinde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Maniheizm ve Ehl-i Hak inancının ortak olan inanışlarını Türk kültürü bağlamında ortaya çıkarmaktır. Maniheizm, Türkler arasında yayılması ve sonrasında Orta Asya’dan İran’a yapılan göçler ile tekrar İran ve Anadolu’ya sirayet etmesi muhtemeldir. Bu çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak 2016-2019 yılları arasında İran’ın Tebriz, Tahran ve Kirmanşah şehirlerinde yapılan alan çalışması çalışmaya kaynaklık etmiştir. Etnografik alan çalışması ile hem yazılı hem de sözlü veriler elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma da yazılı kaynaklar kullanılmıştır. Saha çalışmasından elde edilen sözlü veriler, yazılı kaynaklar ile kıyaslanmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Manichaeism, which affected the whole world at the time it emerged, was founded in 216 by Mani, who was born in Suristan, a part of the Sassanid state. At the age of 12 and 24, Mani received revelations from the God of light and began to spread his faith. Mani first went to India to explain his belief. Afterwards, she returned to the Sassanid state upon the invitation of Shapur I. Shapur gave Mani extensive concessions to propagate his religion. Shapur's aim was to break the influence of the Zoroastrian clergy who were powerful in his country. Mani was executed in 276 by the provocations of the Zoroastrian clergyman Kartir during the reign of Bahram I. However, the death of Mani caused the belief to spread to a wider geography instead of ending it. As a result of the pursuits and pressures against the Manichaeans during the time of Bahram, the Manichaeans in the country fled to the Sogd region and caused their belief to spread there. Sogdian merchants managed to spread this religion as far as China. Manichaeism became the official religion of the Uighurs during the reign of the Uyghur khan Bögü Kağan. The subject of this study is similar beliefs and practices between Manichaeism and Ahl-e Haq beliefs. There are many beliefs and practices originating from ancient Turkish beliefs, Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism within the belief of Ahl-e Haq. This study only deals with the similar beliefs and practices between Manichaeanism and Ahl-e Haq beliefs. Ahl-e Haq belief was revealed by Sultan İshak, who was born in the 13th century in the Berzence village of Süleymaniye. The belief of the Ahl-e Haq became a dominant belief in the western regions of Iran and has survived until today. The Ahl-e Haq community spread over a wide area, especially during the time of the Karakoyunlu and Safavid states, which dominated Iran. The name of Sultan Ishak is not mentioned in any historical sources and documents during his lifetime. The belief of the Ahl-e Haq has become important, especially during the Safavid state, with the Turkish fire lords entering into faith. Therefore, it can be said that the belief that emerged in the 13th century formed a community for itself in the 16th and 17th centuries. Probably, it has reached its present form in the 16th and 17th centuries. Today, the majority of the Ahl-e Haq population consists of Turkish-speaking communities. Ahl-e Haq belief has an understanding of God in which there is only one God and this God appears on earth in human form. Turks, Persians and Gorani are in the community in the belief of Ahl-e Haq, which does not consist of a single ethnicity. The aim of this study is to reveal the common beliefs of Manichaeism and Ahl-e Haq in the context of Turkish culture. It is possible that Manichaeism spread among the Turks and then spread to Iran and Anatolia again with the migrations from Central Asia to Iran. In accordance with the purpose of this study, the field study conducted in Iran's Tabriz, Tehran and Kermanshah cities between 2016-2019 was the source of the study. With the ethnographic field study, both written and oral data were obtained. Written sources were used in this study. Oral data obtained from the fieldwork were compared with written sources.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=62493</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 3[265-275]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/247</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sorumluluk Sürecinde Kader Teolojisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Fate Theology in Process of Pesponsibility]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Osman ORAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kelâm, kader, irade, özgürlük, fiil]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Theology, fate, will, freedom, action]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Eylemlerin sorumluluğunu kabul etmeyip sebebini zaman, uğursuzluk ve kader gibi başka hususlara bağlama çabaları tarihte hep olagelmiştir. Sorumluluğun ön şartı akıl ve özgürlük olduğundan eylemlerini kendi gücü ve yetenekleriyle yapan bir kişi niyet ve iradesinden sorumlu olmaktadır. İnsanların sorumluluğu kabul etme veya reddetme görüşlerini dini metinlere dayandırma çabalarının kader teolojisini oluşturduğu söylenebilir. Sözgelimi Emevî bazı yöneticilerin haksız siyasî icraatlerinin sorumluluğundan kaçınma çabaları onları cebrî kadere sarılmaya yöneltti. İlâhî irade kapsamında insan eyleminde hiçbir sorumluluğu olmadığı tezine sarıldılar. Buna karşılık eylemlerinde insanın sorumlu olduğunu savunan Kaderiyye ve Mürcie gibi ekoller ortaya çıktı. Kader, siyasî dünyevî gerekçelerle iman olgusu haline getirildi. Hadis kültürüyle şekillendirildi. Dini algı bu inanca yönlendirildi. Kurʿân’da kader; ilâhî ilim, irade, hikmet, kudret ve yaratılış bakımından kâinatta, plan, program, ölçü ve denge anlamındadır. İtikad bağlamında “kadere iman” ise geçmemektedir. Kurʿân’a dayalı bir kader teolojisinin kişilik oluşumunda büyük faydası olurken Kurʿân’a dayanmayan çarpık bir kader anlayışının insana ve topluma zararları yadsınamaz. Eylemlerinden sorumlu olduğu hissi hayatı olumlu yönde etkiler. Sorumlu ve duyarlı insan düzgün, düzenli ve planlı bir hayat yaşar, hem dünyasını hem de âhiretini cennetlere çevirebilecek yetilere sahip olur. Nefis eğitimi ve alışkanlık kazanarak sabırlı, tahammüllü, usanmayan bir karakter kazanılabilir. Allah, insana aklını ve iradesini kullanarak kin, haset ve düşmanlık barındıran duyguları sabırla gemlemesini nefsi terbiye ile kendisi için yaşamsal ilâhî buyruklara kendini alıştırmasını ister, onu gücü ve kapasitesi ile sorumlu tutar. Her birey kendi güç, yetenek ve kapasitesinin farkındalığını bilmek böylece iradesini iyi, güzel ve doğruya yönlendirmek durumundadır. Aklı olan özgür bir bireyin sorumlu olduğu fiilleri bilmekten, ilim ve bilim ışığında sabırla nefsini terbiye etmekten, olumsuz hallerini azimle güzelliklere dönüştürmekten, zararlı şeylere karşı tedbir almaktan ve hayatını düzene sokmaktan sorumlu olduğu söylenebilir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Efforts to deny responsibility for actions and connect the cause with other issues, such as time, bad luck and fate, have always been in history. Since the prerequisite for responsibility is reason and freedom, a person who does his actions with his own strength and abilities is responsible for his intentions and will. It can be said that the efforts of people to base their view of accepting or rejecting responsibility on religious texts constitute the theology of destiny. For example, the efforts of some Umayyad rulers to avoid responsibility for their unfair political actions led them to cling to forced fate. They clung to the thesis that he had no responsibility in human action within the scope of the divine will. In response, schools such as Qadariyya and Murciah appeared, which argued that man is responsible for his actions. The fate was turned into a phenomenon of faith on political-worldly grounds. It was shaped by hadith culture. Religious perception was guided by this belief. In the Qurʿan, fate means plan, program, measure and balance in the universe in terms of divine knowledge, will, wisdom, might and creation. In the context of Itiqad, “faith in fate” does not pass. While a Qurʿan-based theology of fate has a great benefit in personality formation, the damages of a distorted understanding of fate that is not based on the Qurʿan, to the person and society are undeniable. The feeling that he is responsible for his actions positively affects life. A responsible and sensitive person lives a smooth, orderly and planned life, has the abilities to turn both his world and the hereafter into paradise.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;By acquiring excellent education and habits, one can acquire a patient, tolerant, tireless character. Allah wants man to patiently experience the feelings of hatred, envy and hostility using his mind and will, to accustom himself to the vital divine commandments for himself with self-education, and holds him accountable with his strength and capacity. Each individual must know the awareness of his own strength, abilities and capacity so that he can direct his will to the good, the beautiful and the right. It can be said that a free individual with a mind is responsible for knowing the actions for which he is responsible, patiently educating himself in the light of knowledge and science, turning his negative states into beauties with perseverance, taking measures against harmful things and streamlining his life.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=62482</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 3[291-311]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/248</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Salât Teolojisi ve Sosyal Hayata Yönelik Psikososyal Bazı Hikmetleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Theology of Salah and Psychosocial Some Wisdom for Social Life]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Osman ORAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[: Kelâm, Salât, yardımlaşma, sosyal hayat, hikmet]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Theology, Salah, support, social life, wisdom]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Salât; sosyal hayatta destekleşme, yardımlaşma, danışma, duâ ve merhamet gibi psikolojik ve sosyolojik eylemleri kapsar. Kavram, Kur’an’da Allah’a, meleklere, insanlara ve kuşlara isnad edilir. Teolojik anlamda Allah’ın salâtı, kendisine güvenen kulunu karanlıklardan aydınlığa çıkartması, yardımı ve rahmetidir. İnsan iradesini iyi ve güzele yönlendirdiğinde Allah’ın lütfu, meleklerin yardımıyla cehâlet ve inkâr karanlıklarından ilim ve iman ışığına çıkar, salih amel ve güzel ahlâk davranışlarına yönelir. Her varlığın salâtı, yaratılış hikmetine uygun eylemlerle evrenin işleyişine destektir. Kişinin insanî onur ve karakterle yaşayabilmesi için salât türü psikolojik ve sosyolojik eylemlere ihtiyacı vardır. O, kalpleri arındırır, toplumsal bütünleşme ve uyumu sağlayarak ortak niyet, irade ve akıllar işlevsel hale gelir. Bu durum sosyal hayatta problemlerin çözümü ile başarılara, iyilik ve güzelliklere daha kolay ve hızlı bir şekilde ulaşılmasını sağlar. Aynı zamanda kişinin hayatta insanî onur ve karakterle yaşayabilmesi için duâ, meşveret, destekleşme ve dayanışma gibi psikososyal tevhidî eylemlere ihtiyacını gösterir. İman, tevhid ve takvâ gibi teolojik unsurlar salât ile yaşayabilir. Allah kendisine güvenen, fert ve toplum hayatında huzurlu ve mutlu yaşamak isteyenlere salâtı sabırla ve içten yapmalarını öğütler. Kur’an’da yüzden fazla âyette geçen salât ilahî rızaya uygun doğru bir şekilde anlaşıldığında fert ve toplum hayatına güzel ahlâk ve salih amel olarak yansıyabilir. Sadece “Namaz” anlamı kavramın kapsamını daraltacağından birçok anlama problemine sebep olabilir. Geniş anlam alanına sahip psikososyal bir kavram olan salâtın hikmetleri işlevsiz kaldığı takdirde gâfil birey ve toplumlar sefâlet, atâlet ve cehâlete düşebilir, felsefî ve mistik eğilimlere yönelebilirler. Farklılıklarla birlikte insanca yaşam, barış, vahdet, eşitlik, adâlet, hoşgörü ve kardeşlik gibi eylemlerle mümkün olduğundan arkaplanında tevhid olan herbir salât eylemi Kur’an’a göre ibadettir, tüm varlıkların yaratılış hikmetidir. Hayatın canlılığı ve değerlendirilmesi, akıl, duyu, duygu ve iradeyi içeren destekleşme, yardımlaşma, danışma, üretim, eğitim, öğretim, duâ ve merhamet gibi salât eylemleriyle olur. Sosyal hayat için salâtın psikososyal hikmetlerini canlı tutmak “Salâtın ikâmesi ve muhafazası” olarak adlandırılabilir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Salah; covers psychological and sociological actions such as support, assistance, counseling, prayer and compassion in social life. The concept is attributed to Allah, angels, humans and birds in the Qur’an. In the theological sense, the salah of Allah is the removal of his trusted servant from darkness to light, His help and mercy. When a person directs his will to the good and the good, the grace of Allah, with the help of the angels, comes out of the darkness of ignorance and denial into the light of knowledge and faith, he tends towards righteous deeds and good moral behaviors. The salah of every being is to support the functioning of the universe with actions in accordance with the wisdom of creation. In order for an person to live with human dignity and character, he needs salah-type psychological and sociological actions. It purifies the hearts, and by ensuring social integration and harmony, common intention, will and minds become functional. This situation allows achieving achievements, goodness and beauty more easily and quickly by solving problems in social life. At the same time, it shows the need for psychosocial monotheistic (tawhed) actions such as prayer, consultation, support and solidarity in order for a person to live with human dignity and character in life.Theological elements such as faith, tawhed and piety (taqwa) can live with salah. Allah advises his servants who trust in him, who want to live peacefully and happily in individual and community life, to perform salah patiently and sincerely. The salah mentioned in more than a hundred verses in the Qur’an can be reflected in individual and social life as good morals and righteous deeds when it is understood correctly in accordance with divine consent. Since only the meaning of “Prayer” narrows the scope of the concept, it can cause many comprehension problems. If the wisdom of salah, which is a psychosocial concept with a wide meaning, remains dysfunctional, heedless individuals and societies may fall into misery, inertia and ignorance, and turn to philosophical and mystical tendencies. Since human life, along with differences, is possible through actions such as wahdet, equality, justice, tolerance and brotherhood, every act of salah that has tawhed in its background is worship according to the Qur’an and is the wisdom of creation of all beings. The vitality and evaluation of life is achieved through salah actions such as support, assistance, consultation, production, education, training, prayer and compassion, which include reason, sense, emotion and will. Keeping the psychosocial wisdoms of salat alive for social life can be called “Substitution and preservation of salah”.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=62463</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 1[75-98]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/249</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ölümsüzlük Düşüncesinde Kişinin Kimlik Problemi ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Identity Problem of the Person in Immortality]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sait POLAT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, ölümsüzlük, kişilik, kişisel kimlik, ruh-beden ilişkisi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, immortality, personality, personal identity, soul-body relationship]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Makalemiz ölümsüzlük düşüncesi ekseninde kişinin kişisel kimlik problemini felsefî-teolojik bir perspektiften ele alarak şümullü bir şekilde tartışmayı hedeflemektedir. Kişinin kimliği, bir bireyin kişi sayılabilmesi için ne gibi kıstasların gerekli olduğunu, başka bir ifadeyle kişisel özdeşliğe sahip olabileceğini konu alan dinî ve felsefî bir sorundur. Ölümsüzlük düşüncesinde kişisel kimlik problemi; özsel olarak ölen kişiyle ölümden sonraki hayatta var olan kişinin devamlılığını sürdürmesi gerekir ki aynı kişi sayılabilsin. Burada kimlik, bir kişinin zaman içinde özdeşliğini/devamlılığını belirten özellikler bütünü olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu problemde çözümlenmesi gereken temel şey, bir kişinin aynı ya da farklı kişi olduğunun belirlenmesini sağlayan ölçütlerin neler olduğunun belirlenmesidir. Bu durum felsefede kişinin kişisel kimlik problemi olarak görülmektedir. Kişinin kimliğinin tespit edilebilmesi için kişinin ontolojik mahiyetinin temel referansı nedir? sorusu hususunda farklı yaklaşımlar vardır. Bu kuramlar: Kimliğin temel referansını bedensel unsurlara dayandıran materyalist öğretiler, kimliğin temel kıstasını hafıza/psikolojik bilinç olarak kabul eden hafıza kuramı, kişiliğin temel kıstasının ancak zihin/ruh olabileceğini iddia eden dualist bakış açıları ve son olarak teist yaklaşımların dinî değerler üzerinden şekillenen yeniden diriliş/yaratılış yaklaşımlarıdır. Ölümsüzlük problemi geniş uzantıları olan, Tanrı’nın varlığı, insanın özgürlüğü ve nihai varoluşumuzla ilgili felsefî-teolojik sorunların başta gelen problemlerinden biridir. Bu problem hakkında belli bir görüşe sahip olmanın, yalnız nihai mukadderatımız açısından değil, dünyada ve ölüm sonrası yaşamda var olan hayatımız açısından da kapsadığı durumlar vardır. Bu durumlar/hususlar kişiliğimiz, kişisel kimliğimiz ve dünyaya yönelik görüşlerimiz açısından son derece önemlidir. Söz konusu konuya herkesin ilgi duyduğu, önem verdiği ve varoluşsal değer taşıdığı problemin başka bir yönüdür. Ölümsüzlük düşüncesi açısından ele alacağımız kişinin kimlik problemini ruh-beden ilişkisi bağlamında ele alarak felsefi bir bakış açısıyla tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Our article aims to discuss in a comprehensive way the problem of personal identity of the person on the axis of the idea of ​​immortality, by considering it from a philosophical-theological perspective. The identity of the person is a religious and philosophical problem that deals with what criteria are necessary for an individual to be considered a person, in other words, how can he/she have personal identity. The problem of personal identity in the idea of ​​immortality; Essentially, the person who dies and the person who exists in the afterlife must continue to exist so that they can be counted as the same person. Here, identity emerges as a set of features that indicate a person's identity/continuity over time. The main thing to be resolved in this problem is to determine what criteria are used to determine whether a person is the same or different person. This situation is seen as a personal identity problem in philosophy. What is the main reference of the ontological nature of the person in order to determine the identity of the person? There are different approaches to the question. These theories are: Materialist teachings that base the basic reference of identity on bodily elements, memory theory that accepts the basic criterion of identity as memory/psychological consciousness, dualist perspectives claiming that the main criterion of personality can only be the mind/spirit, and finally the resurrection/psychological consciousness of theist approaches based on religious values. creation approaches. The problem of immortality is one of the leading problems of the philosophical-theological problems related to the existence of God, human freedom and our ultimate existence. There are situations in which having a certain view of this problem encompasses not only our ultimate destiny, but also our life on earth and in the afterlife. These situations/issues are extremely important to our personality, personal identity, and view of the world. It is another aspect of the problem that everyone is interested in, attaches importance to and has existential value on the subject in question. It aims to discuss the identity problem of the person, which we will discuss in terms of the idea of ​​immortality, in the context of the soul-body relationship, from a philosophical point of view.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=62297</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 2[191-213]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/250</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Fizikten Metafiziğe Tanrı’nın Varlığının İspatı İbn Sînâ ve İbn Miskeveyh’te Hareket Delili]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Proof of God's Existence from Physics to Metaphysics Evidence of Motion in Avicenna and Ibn Miskawayh]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İbrahim Halil DÜNDAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, Hareket, İlk Muharrik, İlk Neden, müteharrik, fizik, metafizik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, Movement, First Initiator, First Cause, motive, physics, metaphysics]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu makalede Tanrı’nın varlığının delillerinden en eski delil olan hareket delilini islam düşüncesinin en önemli filozflarından olan İbn Sînâ ve İbn Miskeveyh’i esas alarak inclemeye çalıştık. Ancak hareket delili en eski delil olması hasebiyle öncelikli olarak giriş kısmında Platon ve Aristoteles’in hareket delili ile ilgili düşünclerine yer verdik. Herakleitos'tan Aristoteles’e kadar fiziğin temel konusu hareket ve değişimdir. Filozoflar, fiziksel hareketi, evreni, metafiziksel olarak açıklamalarında kullanmışlardır. Bu bağlamda hem Platon’da hem de Aristeles’te, doğadaki hareketten yola çıkarak bir ilk hareket ettiriciye ulaşılabilir düşüncesi hakimdir. Hareket delili kısaca doğada bir hareket mevcuttur, bu hareket bir hareket ettiriciye muhtaçtır o da başka bir hareket ettiriciye muhtaçtır. Bu hareket zinciri sonsuza kadar devam etmeyeceğine göre bir ilk hareket ettiricinin olması gerektiği düşüncesine dayanmaktadır. Hareket delilini ilk olarak sistemli bir şekilde ele alan Aristoteles, doğada var olan hareketten yola çıkarak bir İlk Hareket Ettirici olması gerektiği düşüncesine fiziksel bir temellendirme yaparak ulaşmaktadır. Hareket delili ile ilgili düşüncelerine yer verdiğimiz İbn Sînâ ve İbn Miskeveyh’in, Aristoteles’ten almış oldukları bu hareket delilini ondan farklı nasıl yorumladıklarını hangi yönleriyle ondan ayrıldıklarını ve hangi yönden onun düşüncelerine benzerliklerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktayız. İbn Sînâ da tıpkı diğer konularda olduğu gibi bu konuda da Aristolestes’ten etkilenmiştir. Ancak İbn Sînâ, bu delili Yeni Eflatuncu bir bakış açısıyla kendi sistemi içererisinde yeniden yorumlamıştır. Bu yüzden Aristoteles ile ayrıldığı bazı noktalar olmuştur. İbn Miskeveyh de bu delili Aristoteles’ten alarak yeniden yorumlamıştır. Ancak o, Aristoteles’in düşüncesinin çoğuna sadık kalmıştır. O, bu delili Tanrı’nın varlığının kanıtlanmasında en önemli delil olarak değerlendirmektedir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In this article, we tried to analyze the proof of motion, which is the oldest of the proofs of the existence of God, on the basis of Ibn Sînâ and İbn Miskeveyh, who are among the most important philosophers of Islamic thought. However, since the evidence of motion is the oldest evidence, we have primarily included the thoughts of Plato and Aristotle on the evidence of motion in the introduction. From Heraclitus to Aristotle, the main subject of physics is motion and change. Philosophers have used physical motion, the universe, in their metaphysical explanations. In this context, the idea that a first mover can be reached based on the movement in nature is dominant in both Plato and Aristeles. Evidence of motion, in short, there is a motion in nature, this motion needs a mover, which in turn needs another mover. This chain of motion is based on the notion that there must be a first mover, since it will not continue indefinitely. Aristotle, who first systematically dealt with the proof of motion, arrives at the idea that there must be a Primordial Mover, starting from the motion existing in nature, by giving a physical basis. We aim to reveal how Ibn Sînâ and İbn Miskeveyh, whose thoughts on the proof of motion we have included, interpreted this proof of motion they received from Aristotle differently from him, in what ways they differed from him, and in which ways they resembled his ideas. Avicenna was also influenced by Aristotle in this matter, just as he was in other subjects. However, Avicenna reinterpreted this evidence from a Neoplatonic point of view within his own system. Therefore, there were some points where he differed with Aristotle. Ibn Miskeveyh also reinterpreted this evidence by taking it from Aristotle. But he remained faithful to much of Aristotle's thought. He considers this evidence as the most important evidence in proving the existence of God.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=62032</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 3[227-237]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/251</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kadızâdelilerin Görüşlerinin Teşekkülünde Nakşibendiyye’nin İzleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Traces of Naqshbandiyya in the Formation of the Views of Qādī-zādelis]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ali DURMUŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslâm Mezhepleri Tarihi, Osmanlı Devleti, Kadızâdeliler Hareketi, Nakşibendiyye, Müceddidiyye]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Islamic Sects, Ottoman Empire, Qādī-zādelis Movement, Naqshbandiyya, Mujaddidiyya]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Kadızâdeliler Hareketi XVII. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nde ortaya çıkmış dinî siyasî referanslı bir harekettir. Hareketin lideri olan Kadızâde Mehmed Efendi (ö. 1045/1635) ve takipçileri, tarih boyunca İslâm dünyasında tartışılan bir takım meseleleri yeniden gündeme taşımış ve tartışmaya açmıştır. Bu hususların en dikkat çekici olanları ise tasavvufî ihtilaflar olup cehrî zikir, semâ ve deverân karşıtlığı; keşf, ilham ve kerametlerle ilgili bir takım meselelerdir. Bazı müverrih ve araştırmacıların söz konusu ihtilafları tasavvuf düşmanlığı üzerinden okuması ve yorumlaması, mantıksal olarak isabetli görülüp benimsenmiş olsa da, bu durum tarihî realitelerle çelişmektedir. Zira tasavvuf düşmanı ve hatta Selefi veya İbn Teymiyye’ci olarak sunulan Kadızâdelilerin bu yakıştırmaların aksine tasavvuf ehli olduğu ve dönemin önemli tarikatlarından biri olan Nakşibendîliğin tesirinde kaldığı açıktır. Zira Nakşibendîliğin sahip olduğu temel prensipler ve diğer tarikatlara getirdiği eleştiriler Kadızâdelilerin görüşleriyle birebir örtüşmektedir. İş bu makalede öncelikle Nakşîliğin Osmanlı’ya girişi ve XVII. Yüzyıl sonuna dek Osmanlı’ya yayılışı ele alınacaktır. Ardından Kadızâdeli liderlerin varsa Nakşîlikle olan alakalarına dair bulgular ortaya konularak değerlendirilecek. Akabinde ise Nakşibendiyye ve özellikle de Müceddidiyye ekolüyle Kadızâdeliler arasındaki bazı ortak fikir ve düşünceler mukayeseli olarak verilecektir. Bu bağlamda cehrî zikir, semâ ve deverân karşıtlığı; halvet ve riyâzetin reddedilmesi; Ehl-i sünnet savunuculuğu; İbnü’l-Arabî’nin eserleri üzerinden eleştirilmesi, keşf ve ilham gibi bazı hususlar karşılıklı olarak ele alınacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The Qādī-zādelis Movement is a religious-political reference movement that emerged in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th Century. Qādī-zāde Mehmed Efendi (d. 1045/1635), who was the leader of this movement, and his followers brought some issues that were discussed in the Islamic World throughout history to the agenda again and opened these issues up for discussion. The most striking ones among these issues are the mystical matters, the opposition of sonorous dhikr (dhikr al-jahri), &lt;em&gt;sama&lt;/em&gt; and circulating (&lt;em&gt;dawarān&lt;/em&gt;); it is a set of issues related to &lt;em&gt;kashf&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ilham&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;karamat&lt;/em&gt;. Although it is logically correct and accepted that some historians and researchers have read and interpret these conflicts through hostility to Sufism, it contradicts historical realites. Because it is clear that the Qādī-zādelis who are presented as enemies of Sufism an deven as Salafi or supporter of Ibn Taymiyya, were people of Sufism contrary to these ascriptions and were under the influence of Naqshbandi, one of the importants sects of the period. Because the basic principles of the Naqshbandi and the criticisms it brought to other sects exactly match the views of Qādī-zādelīs. In this article, first of all, the entry of Naqshism into the Ottoman Empire and its spread to the Ottoman Empire until the end of the 17th century will be discussed. Then the findings about the relations of the Qādī-zādeli leaders with the Naqshism, if any, will be presented and this findings evaluated. Afterwards, some common ideas and thoughts between the Naqshbandiyya and especially the Mujaddidiyya school and the Qādī-zādelis will be given comparatively. In this context, some issues such as, the opposition of sonorous dhikr (&lt;em&gt;dhikr al-jahri&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;samā&lt;/em&gt; and circulating (&lt;em&gt;dawarān&lt;/em&gt;); the rejection of seclusion (&lt;em&gt;halwe&lt;/em&gt;) and asceticism (&lt;em&gt;riyāda&lt;/em&gt;); Ahl al-sunna advocacy; the criticism of Ibn al-Arabi through his own books; &lt;em&gt;kashf&lt;/em&gt; and inspiration (&lt;em&gt;ilham&lt;/em&gt;) will ve discussed mutually.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=61993</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 2[153-172]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/252</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Fakülte Tercih Nedenleri ve Bu Nedenleri Etkileyen Faktörler (Hakkâri Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Örneği)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Reasons for Students to Prefer Faculty of Theology and Factors Affecting These Reasons  (The Case of Hakkari University Faculty of Theology)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İslam MUSAYEV]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Lamiya MUSTAFAYEVA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din eğitimi, Hakkâri, İlahiyat, fakülte tercih nedenleri, faktörler]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious education, Hakkâri, theology, reasons of choice faculty, factors ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Fakülte Tercih Nedenleri ve Bu Nedenleri Etkileyen Faktörler (Hakkâri Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Örneği) isimli bu çalışmada, Hakkâri Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin fakülte tercih nedenlerinin neler olduğu sorusuna farklı değişkenler açısından cevap aranmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada temel problem olarak “öğrencilerin ilahiyat fakültesini tercih etme nedenlerinin neler olduğu” sorusuna cevap aramaktır. Araştırma, var olan durumun olduğu gibi tespitini yapmak ve yorumlamak için Tarama (Survey) modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Oluşturulan anket Hakkâri Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kuruluna sunulmuş, 2021/23 sayılı oturum ve 1 No lu kurul kararıyla etik açıdan uygun bulunduğuna karar verilmiştir. Araştırma çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiş anket sonucu ortaya çıkan veriler SPSS programıyla analizlere tabi tutulmuştur. Her bir sorudan elde edilen verilerin yüzdelikleri hesaplanmış ve veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmamız salt ölçülebilir bilgilere dayalı olduğundan hem derinlikten hem de ayrıntılı yorum yapmaktan yoksun kalmasın diye nitel araştırma yöntemiyle desteklenmiş olup, görüşme yöntemi ile gerekli bilgilere ulaşarak araştırmanın zenginleştirilmesine çalışılmıştır. Araştırmamız 2020-2021 güz dönemi Hakkâri Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerine uygulanan anketlerden elde edilen verilerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan bulgular ışığında, öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinden olduğu, göreceli olarak eğitim ve gelir durumlarının düşük olan ailelerden geldiği, tercih etme nedenleri arasında dini konularda bilgi sahibi olmak, mezuniyet sonrası Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı bünyesi dışında alana yönelik (öğretmen ve akademisyen olarak) diğer kurumlarda çalışma isteklerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The current study, which was titled “The Reasons for Students to Prefer Faculty of Theology and Factors Affecting These Reasons (The Case of Hakkari University Faculty of Theology)” discusses the reasons for the faculty preference of the students studying at Hakkari University Faculty of Theology in terms of different variables. As the main problem, the study seeks answers to the question “What are the reasons for students to select theology faculty?”. The study was conducted using the survey method to determine and interpret the current situation as it was. Questionnaire technique was used as data collection to in the study. The created questionnaire was submitted to the Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee of Hakkari University, and it was decided that it was ethically appropriate with the session numbered and the decision of the board no 2021/23. Results of the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS program, the percentages of the data obtained from each question were calculated and the data were evaluated. The current study is based on only measurable information; therefore, it was supported by qualitative research method so that it would be open to deep and detailed interpretation. In addition, it was enriched by obtaining the necessary information through the interview technique. The study is limited to the data obtained from the questionnaires applied to students of Hakkâri University Faculty of Theology of in the fall semester of 2020-2021. The vast majority of students studying at Hakkari University are from the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions. The come from families weet relativly low education and in come levels. The reasons of the students who preferred the faculty willingly was their desire to have more knowledge in religious sciences and to do more research in this field. After graduation it was determind that there is desire to work in other institutions in the field (as teacher and academics), apart from The Presidence of Religious Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=58003</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 3[277-289]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/253</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukukunda Akraba Evliliği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Consanguineous Marriage in Islamic Law]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Bedri ASLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukuku, haram, evlilik, akraba, eşler]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Law, raram, marriage, relative (consanguineous), spouses]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İnsan fıtratının bir gereği olan evlilik çok önemli ve sonuçları bakımından ağır bir sözleşmedir. İslam hukukunda bu sözleşmeyi diğer sözleşmelerden ayıran iki tarafın reşit olmaları, akdin şahitlerin huzurunda gerçekleşmesi ve her iki tarafın farklı cinsten olmaları gibi birçok şart ve unsur bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca diğer sözleşmelerin aksine bu sözleşmede ön tanım ve sözleşmenin öncülü olarak bilinen bir nişanlama aşamanın bulunmasıdır. Evlenmek isteyen kişiler bu dönemde birbirlerini iyi tanıma fırsatı bulurlar. Hatta yabancı olan kadın ve erkekler için haram olan bazı durumlar bahsedilen nişanlama aşamasında helal sayılmıştır. Öte yandan evlilik sözleşmesini diğer sözleşmelerden ayıran bu sözleşmede mehrin bulunmasıdır. Bu da kadının ekonomik özgürlüğü açısından önemlidir. Bütün bunlar dikkate alındığında evlilik sözleşmesinin ne kadar önemli olduğu ve diğer sözleşmelerden ayrıldığı noktalar bulunduğu anlaşılır. Yaşadığımız asırda tıbbın gelişmesiyle birlikte akraba evliliğiyle ilgili bazı olumsuz neticelerden bahsedilir. Bunun yanında hadis ve fıkıh kitaplarında akraba evliliğinin zararlarını konu eden bazı malumatların bulunduğu bilinir. Bu da birçok kişinin akraba evliliğine soğuk bakmasına sebep olur. Çalışmanın amacı konuyla ilgili varit olan hadis ve fıkhî görüşlerinin mahiyeti üzerinde durup nasla haram kılınan akrabaların dışında kalan diğer akrabaların evliliğinin fıkhî hükmü ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmaktır. Araştırma neticesinde akrabalarla evlenmenin haram veya mekruh olduğu hususunda herhangi sahih bir hadise ulaşılmamıştır. Bilakis hadis olarak zikredilen bazı ifadelerin âlimlerin görüşleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Marriage, a requirement of human nature, is a very important and hard contract in terms of it.y consequences. What separates this contract from the other contract.y in the Islamic law is that there are many conditions such as both parties involved should be adult.y, the contract should take place before witnesses and that the parties should be from opposite sexes. Unlike the other contract.y, there is a stage of engagement known as prior acquaintance or precursors of the contract. The parties wishing to marry each other have the chance to know each other well during this period. In fact, some situations that are haram for foreign women and men are considered halal at the above-mentioned engagement stage. In addition, another feature of marriage contract that differs this contract from the others is that there is bride wealth in this contract, which is important in terms of economic freedom of the woman getting married. Taking all these fact.y into consideration, it is clearly seen that marriage contract is important and there are point.y which differentiate it from other contract.y. In the present century, some negative impact.y of the consanguineous marriage are being mentioned due to the development of medical sciences. On the other hand, there are various hadiths and legal views in different hadith and law books, which has caused many people to take a cold view of consanguineous marriage. In this study, the nature of the hadiths and legal views related with the issue are addressed. With this study, it is aimed to reveal the legal status of the marriage with relatives except those banned with firm rules. As the result of the study, no hadiths have been encountered informing that marriage to relatives is haram. On the contrary, it has been found that some expressions mentioned as hadiths have turned out to be the views of some scholars.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=57979</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 2[123-131]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/254</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Dinî Türk Mûsikîsi Üzerine Bazı Tespit ve Düşünceler]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Some Findings and Opinions on Religious Turkish Music]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yavuz DEMİRTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dinî Türk Mûsikîsi, tür-form, câmi-tekke mûsikîsi, tasnif, tespitler-düşünceler]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Turkish Music, type-form, mosque-lodge music, classification, determinations-thoughts]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;“Türk Din Mûsikîsi” adıyla Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi’nde 1968-69 eğitim-öğretim yılında ders olarak okutulmaya başlanan Dinî Türk Mûsikîsi hakkında kaleme alınan ilk eser, İsmail Baha Sürelsan tarafından ders kitabı şeklinde hazırlanan ve 1972 yılında TRT Merkez Müzik Dairesi tarafından Ankara’da basılan “Dinî Türk Mûsikîsine Giriş” adlı eserdir. Gerek bu eserde ve gerekse bundan sonra telif olunan eserlerde Dinî Türk Mûsikîsi kavramları ve konuları hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, izâha muhtaç konularda birtakım açıklamalarda bulunulmuştur. Ancak yapılan bu izâhatlarda maalesef tam bir birliktelik sağlanamamış, başta bu bilim ve sanat dalının ismi olmak üzere, form ile tür kavramları, türlerin sayısı ve Tasnifi vs. gibi bazı konularda birbirinden farklı ifâdeler yer almıştır. Bu durum, zihinlerde istifhâm ve tereddütlere yol açtığı gibi konuşma ve yazı dilinde de birbirinden farklı ve çelişkili ifâdelerin ortaya çıkmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu olumsuz durumun acilen müspet yönde değişmesi gerekmektedir ki, bunun da ancak uzmanlardan oluşan bir komisyonun bağlayıcı nitelikteki kararlarıyla mümkün olacağını düşünmekteyiz. Dinî Türk Mûsikîsi’nin ihtilâflı kavram ve konuları ile bunlara ait düşünce ve tavsiyeleri dile getirdiğimiz bu çalışma bir ön bilgi mâhiyetinde olup, kavram kargaşasını bitireceğine inandığımız ve bir an evvel kurulmasını ümit ettiğimiz komisyonun vereceği kararlara katkı sunacaktır. Dini Türk Müziği ile ilgili tespit, düşünce ve tavsiyelerimizden bazıları şunlardır: Türk Din Müziği'ni "Dini Türk Müziği" olarak tanımlamak daha doğru olacaktır; "Form" kelimesi yerine "Tür" kavramını kullanmak daha doğru olacaktır; tek bir örneği olduğu için Mevlid, Mi'râciyye, Reğâibiyye, Muhammediyye ve Ferâciyye'yi, "Dini Türk Musikisi Eserleri" olarak nitelemek daha uygun olacaktır; Temcîd, Mevlid, Mi'râciyye, Reğâibiyye ve Ferâciyye'yi, birden fazla tür içerdiği için "dini törenler" olarak tanımlamak daha doğru olacaktır; Kur'ân, Ezân ve Kâmet'in uygulama biçimleri olan Müezzinlik, Câmi Müezzinliği, Cumhûr Müezzinliği, Hutbe, İmâmet, Terâvîh Tertîbi, Mahfel Sürmesi ve Tardiyye'yi ayrı bir tür olarak tanımlamamak daha doğru olacaktır.  &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The first work written about Religious Turkish Music, which was started to be taught as a course in the 1968-69 academic year at Ankara University, Faculty of Theology, under the name “Turkish Religious Music”, it is a work called “Introduction to Religious Turkish Music”, which was prepared as a textbook by İsmail Baha Sürelsan and published in Ankara in 1972 by the TRT Central Music Department. Both in this work and in works copyrighted thereafter information about the concepts and subjects of Religious Turkish Music was given, and some explanations were made on the subjects that needed explanation. However, unfortunately, a complete unity could not be achieved in these explanations, notably the name of this branch of science and art, the concepts of form and genre, the number and classification of species, etc. there are different expressions on some issues. This situation causes resentment and hesitations in the minds, as well as the emergence of different and contradictory expressions in spoken and written language. This negative situation urgently needs to change into a positive direction, and we think that this will only be possible with the binding decisions of a commission composed of experts. This study, in which we express the controversial concepts and issues of Religious Turkish Music, and the thoughts and recommendations regarding them, is a preliminary information and will contribute to the decisions of the aforementioned commission. Some of our findings, thoughts and recommendations regarding Religious Turkish Music are as follows: It would be more correct to describe Turkish Religious Music as "Religious Turkish Music"; It would be more correct to use the concept of "type" instead of the word "form"; Since there is only one example, it would be more appropriate to describe the Mevlid, Mi'râciyye, Reğâibiyye, Muhammediyye and Ferâciyye as "Religious Turkish Music Works"; It would be more accurate to describe Temcîd, Mevlid, Mi'râciyye, Reğâibiyye and Ferâciyye as "religious ceremonies" since they contain more than one type; It would be more correct not to describe Müezzinlik, Câmi Müezzinliği, Cumhûr Müezzinliği, Hutbe, İmâmet, Terâvîh Tertîbi, Mahfel Sürmesi and Tardiyye, which are the forms of application of the Kur'ân, Ezân and Kâmet as a separate genre.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=57813</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 2[215-225]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/255</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sosyal Hizmet Perspektifiyle Yaşlının Yaşam Alanlarında Arkadaşlık Ağları: Güle Güle Filmi Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Friend Networks in Lifespace of the Elderly with the Perspective of Social Work: The Example of the Film "Güle Güle"]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sümeyye Beyza ABAY ALYÜZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sosyal Hizmet, yaşlılık, arkadaşlık, sosyal ağlar, sosyal alan]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Social Work, old age, friendship, social networks, social space]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Yaşlılar için en değerli addedilen sosyal ağlar öncelikle aile ve akrabalık ağlarıdır. Aile ve akrabalık ağları yaşlının başta bakım ihtiyaçları olmak üzere temel ihtiyaçlarını ve sevgi, değer görme gibi psikolojik ihtiyaçlarını da gidermede öneme sahiptir. Özellikle dayanışmacı toplum yapıları için formel ve enformel destek mekanizmalarının organizasyonunda temel yönelim aile ve akrabalık ağlarının güçlendirilmesi üzerinedir. Bu çalışma, yaşlıların arkadaşlık ağları üzerine yoğunlaşarak, aile ve akrabalık ağlarının yanında arkadaşlık ağlarının yaşlı hayatı için önemi üzerinde durmaktadır. Arkadaşlık ağları, modern toplum ilişkilerinde kişilerin daha fazla mekân hafızasına sahip olması ve kültür, eğitim seviyesiyle ilişkili olarak yaşlının aktif yaşama devam etmeye yönelmesiyle daha da fazla önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 1999 yapımı, beş yaşlı bireyin arkadaşlık ilişkilerinin konu alındığı “Güle Güle” filminde araştırma kategorilerine yönelik sistematik içerik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kategorileri, filmdeki beş arkadaşın yaşlı sorunlarına, yaşlıların sosyal ağlarının durumuna, arkadaşlık ağlarının nicelik, niteliklerine ve arkadaşlık ağlarının yaşlı bireylerin iyilik hallerine nasıl katkıda bulunduğu üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Filmde yansıtılan yaşlı arkadaşlığının temsilinde, arkadaşlık ağlarının önemli bir sosyal destek potansiyeline sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırmanın verileri, aile temelindeki değişim ve dönüşüm, artan eğitim seviyesiyle değişen yaşlılık profili, desteklenen aktif yaşam, başarılı yaşlanma politikalarının etkisiyle yaşlılar için arkadaşlık ağlarının önemli bir alternatif ağ olduğu öngörüsünü desteklemektedir.  Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar, sosyal alan ve sosyal kaynak yönelimli sosyal hizmet teorik arka planı ile değerlendirilerek, sosyal hizmet literatürüne ve uygulamasına katkı vermesi amaçlanmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Social networks that are considered the most valuable for the elderly are primarily family and kinship networks. Family and kinship networks are important in meeting the basic needs of the elderly, especially their care needs, and their psychological needs such as love and appreciation. The main orientation in the organization of formal and informal support mechanisms, especially for solidaristic social structures, is on strengthening family and kinship networks. This study focuses on the friendship networks of the elderly and emphasizes the importance of friendship networks for the life of the elderly, as well as family and kinship networks. Friendship networks have gained even more importance in modern society relations as people have more spatial memory and the elderly tend to continue active life in relation to culture and education level.  In this study, a systematic content analysis was carried out for the research categories in the movie "Güle Güle", which was made in 1999, which is about the friendship relations of five elderly individuals. The research categories focused on the elderly problems of the five friends in the movie, the state of the social networks of the elderly, the quantity and quality of friendship networks, and how friendship networks contribute to the well-being of older people. In the representation of the elderly friendship reflected in the film, it is seen that friendship networks have an important social support potential. The data of the study supports the prediction that friendship networks are an important alternative network for the elderly, with the effect of change and transformation in the family basis, aging profile that changes with increasing education level, supported active life, and successful aging policies. The results obtained in the research were evaluated with the theoretical background of social field and social resource oriented social work, and it was aimed to contribute to the social work literature and practice.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=57717</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 1[1-19]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/256</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tabiûnun Kitâbet Karşıtı Duruşunun Kritiği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Critics Of The Tabiûn's Anti-Stance On Scripture]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Sait İNAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Tabiûn, Kitâbet, Re’y, Kerâris]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Tabiûn, Scripture, Re'y, Kerâris]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Hadis kitâbeti konusunda yazı karşıtı tutum ve söylemlerin zikredildiği rivâyetler kendi dönemindeki kitâbet algısını ve yazıyla ilgili alışkanlıkları ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bu rivâyetler hadislerin bilgi değeri konusunda eleştiriler sunan yaklaşımlar için de önemli bir referans olmuştur. Konuyla ilgili yapılan çalışmalar genellikle Hz. Peygamber ve sahabe dönemindeki rivâyetleri ele alıp incelerken, tabiûn dönemi rivâyetler yeteri kadar incelenmemiştir. Tedvin öncesi dönemde, önemli ilmi faaliyetlerde bulunan isimlerin hadislerin yazıya geçirilmesi ile ilgili menfi tutum ve söylemlere sahip olması izah edilmesi gereken bir durumdur. Resmi tedvin faaliyeti öncesinde tabiûndan 14 ismin kitâbet aleyhinde rivâyeti vardır. Ancak bu isimlerden on üçünün kitâbet lehinde de rivâyetleri bulunmaktadır. Bu durum hem hadis kitabetinin karşısında olmak hem de hadis yazmak şeklinde bir görünüm arz etmektedir. Birbirine muhalif yönde gelişen bu tutumu anlamlandırabilmek kitâbet karşıtı duruşun nedenlerini tahlil etmekle mümkün olacaktır. Tabiûndan bazı isimlerin hadislerin yazılması aleyhinde bir duruş sergilediği görülse de konuyla ilgili rivâyetlerin büyük kısmında hoş karşılanmayan husus hadislerin yazılarak kayıt altına alınması değildir.  Kitabet karşıtı rivayetler çoğu zaman direkt hadislerin kayıt altına alınmasından değil, kayıt altına alma yönteminin, şartlarının, zamanlamasının doğuracağı sıkıntılardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Hadis musanniflerinin kitâbet aleyhindeki rivâyetleri herhangi bir ayrıştırmaya tabi tutmadan, hadis kitâbeti aleyhindeki başlıklar altında toplaması, kitâbet aleyhindeki tutumu olduğundan daha belirgin hale getirmiştir.   &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The narratives, in which anti-writing attitudes and rhetoric were mentioned about hadith scripture, reveal the perception of the scripture in its period and the habits related to writing. Besides, these narratives have been an important reference for approaches that offer criticisms about the information value of hadiths. While the studies on the subject usually examined the narratives of the Prophet and the Companion period, the narrations in the Tabiun period have not been adequately examined. It is important to note that the names who engaged in scientific activity in the pre-Tedvin period had absolution attitudes and discourses regarding the writing of hadiths. In the pre-Tedvin period, there are reports of 14 names from the Tabiun against the scriptures. However, thirteen of these names also have narrations in favor of scriptures. This situation shows both to be against the hadith inscriptions and to write hadiths. It is possible to make sense of this attitude, which developed in opposition to each other, by analyzing the reasons for the anti-scripture stance. Although some of the Tabiuns members took a stance against writing the hadiths, the issue that was not welcomed in most of the narrations on the subject was that the hadiths were not written down and recorded. The unwelcome situation in the narrations is mostly not due to the direct recording of the hadiths, but to the problems of the recording method, conditions and timing. The fact that the hadith writers gathered the narrations against the scriptures under the headings against the scriptures, without making any distinction, made the attitude against the scriptures more pronounced than it was.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=57668</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 2[173-190]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/257</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sahâbe Tanımı ve Adâlet Anlayışı Bağlamında Büsr b. Ebû Ertât’ın Durumu]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Status of Busr bin Abi Artat in the Context of Definition of Companions and the Understanding of Justice]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mustafa AYDIN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, sahâbe, adâlet, Büsr b. Ebû Ertât, rivâyet]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, companions, justice, Busr bin Abi Artat, narration]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Sahâbe, Hz. Peygamber’le görüşen ve İslam’ın iki temel kaynağını bizzat ondan öğrenerek sonraki nesillere aktaran rivâyet zincirinin ilk ve en önemli halkasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sahâbenin tanımı ve adâleti konusundaki görüş ve tartışmalar bağlamında Büsr b. Ebû Ertât’ın durumu incelenmiştir. “Nebî (sas) hayatta iken O’nu müslüman olarak gören ve müslüman olarak vefat eden kimse” şeklindeki sahâbe tanımının her ne kadar genel kabul görmüş olduğu ifade edilse de usûl âlimlerinin Hz. Peygamber’le bir müddet birliktelik geçirmeden her görenin sahâbî olarak kabul edilemeyeceği görüşü de önem arzetmektedir. Bir hadis terimi olarak Adâlet kavramı, râvinin güvenilir, doğru sözlü olması ve itibarını zedeleyecek söz ve davranışlardan uzak durması (mürûet) gibi durumları ifade etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bir hadisin sıhhatinin tespitinde ilk şart râvisinin adâlet sahibi olması gerektiğidir. Ehl-i sünnet âlimlerinin çoğunluğuna göre sahâbenin tamamı -Hz. Peygamber adına bilerek yalan söylemekten uzak olmalarından hareketle- âdil olarak kabul edilmekte ve dolayısıyla onlar adâletleri yönünden herhangi bir araştırmaya tabi tutulmamaktadır. Bununla birlikte bazı âlimler bu çalışmada da ele alınan Büsr b. Ebû Ertât örneğinde olduğu gibi bazı sahâbilerin kabul edilemeyecek tutum ve davranışları sebebiyle tamamının adâlet vasfına sahip olduğunu söylemenin doğru olamayacağını savunmaktadır. Çalışmada bu tartışmalar dikkate alınarak sahâbenin ve diğer râvilerin adâletinin sınırlarının neler olduğu üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmanın ana konusu olan Büsr b. Ebû Ertât, küçük yaşta Hz. Peygamber’i görmüş, O’ndan iki rivâyette bulunmuş bundan dolayı da sahâbe olarak kabul edilmiş bir şahsiyettir. Savaş durumunda hırsızın elinin kesilemeyeceği ile ilgili naklettiği rivâyet ise had cezasının geçici olarak uygulanmaması hususunda fakihlerin görüşlerine delil teşkil etmiştir. Fakat sonraki dönemlerde Büsr asla kabul edilemeyecek işler yapmış ve bu noktada tartışılan bir kişi olmuş ve ismi örnek gösterilerek, sahâbe tanımı ve adâlet anlayışına itiraz edilmiştir. Bundan dolayı çalışmada Büsr b. Ebû Ertât özellikle tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmada, öne çıkan sahâbe tanımları ve adâlet anlayışı ile ilgili görüşlere yer verilerek, Büsr’ün sahâbilik durumu ve yapmış olduğu davranışlar adâlet vasfı çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir.   &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The companions form the first and most important link in the chain of narration, who met with the Prophet (pbuh) himself and learned the two main sources of Islam from him and transferred them to the next generations. In this study, the situation of Busr bin Abi Artat has been examined in the context of the views and discussions on the definition and justice of the companions. Although it is stated that the definition of the companions as “the person who saw the Prophet (pbuh) as a Muslim while he was alive and died as a muslim” is generally accepted, the opinion of the scholars of fiqh method that not everyone who sees him without spending a while with the Prophet cannot be accepted as a companion, is important. The concept of justice, as a hadith term, is used to express situations such as the narrator being reliable, truthful and avoid from sayings and behaviors that will damage your reputation. Therefore, the first condition in determining the soundness of a hadith is that its narrator must have justice. According to the majority of Ahl al-Sunnah scholars, all of the Companions are considered since away from deliberately lying on behalf of the Prophet and therefore they are not subjected to any research in terms of their justice. However, some scholars argue that it would not be correct to say that all of them had the qualifications of justice due to unacceptable attitudes and behaviors of some of the Companions, as in the example of Busr bin Abi Artat, which is also discussed in this study. In this study, in the context of these discussions, it is emphasized what the limits of the justice of the companions and other narrators are. Busr bin Abi Artat, the main subject of the study, is a person who saw the Prophet at a young age, had two narrations from him, and was therefore accepted as a companion. The narration he narrayed about the fact that a thief's hand could not be cut off in case of war, on the other hand, provided evidence for the opinions of the fiqh scholars regarding the temporary non-implementation of the hudud punishment. However, in the following periods, Busr did unacceptable things and became a controversial person at this point, and the definition of the Companions and the understanding of justice were objected to by showing his name as an example. For this reason, Busr bin Abi Artat was especially preferred in the study. In the study, the prominent definitions of the companions and the views on the understanding of justice were included, and Busr’s status as a companion and his behavior were evaluated in the context of justice.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=57523</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 2[133-152]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/258</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Necâşî el-Hârisî ve Hicivleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Negus al-Harisi and his Satires]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Cüneyt MARAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Şiir, hiciv, Câhiliye, asabiyet, Necâşî el-Hârisi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Poetry, satire, Ignorance, asabiyya, Negus al-Harisi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Arapların divanı olarak nitelendirilen şiir, tarih sahnesine çıktığı günden itibaren sadece edebi bir meta olmakla kalmamış onların yaşamlarına da eşlik etmiştir. Şiir Arap toplumunun hüzün, sevinç, yergi ve övgülerinin yansıdığı sahne haline gelmiştir. Bunun yanında şiir, toplumsal etkileşimin yaşandığı ve ekonominin kalbinin attığı panayırların vazgeçilmezi haline gelmiştir. Bu da şairlerin toplum nazarında önemli ve etkin bir konuma gelmesini sağlamıştır.  Buna binaen kabilevî yapıyı benimsemiş olan Araplar, övgü ve yergilerini de şairlerin üzerinden icra etmeye çalışmışlardır. Asabiyet bağını önemseyen kabilevi yapılar, şairler eşliğinde sahip oldukları güç, konum ve maddi varlıklarla övünürken muhataplarını bu hususlardan yoksun olmakla yermişlerdir. Toplumsal davranış haline gelen bu faaliyetler zamanla, yerginin edebi kisveye bürünmüş hali olan hicvin bir şiir türüne dönüşmesini sağlamıştır. Buna ek olarak tarihi olaylara eşlik eden hiciv, meydana gelen devinimlere mutabık olarak içerikleri ve metaforlarıyla değişimlere uğramıştır. Necâşî el-Harisî de (ö. 40/660?) bahsi geçen devinimlere şahit olan hiciv şairidir. Muhadram şairlerden olan Necâşî’nin günümüze ulaşan hicivleri, cahiliye döneminden sınırlı bir kesiti yansıtmasına rağmen Sâdru’l-İslam döneminin önemli bir kesitini yansıtmaktadır. Necâşî, özellikle siyasi-itikadi olayların yaşandığı çalkantılı dönemde, ilkin Hz. Ali’nin yanında yer almış, daha sonra Hz. Muaviye’nin safına geçmiştir. Dolayısıyla bahse konu olan hicivler hem tarihi açıdan hem de hiciv sanatında tarihsel devinimlerin etkisini ortaya koymak bakımından da önem arz etmektedir. Bu makalede bahsi geçen mülahazalar ışığında Necâşî’nin hicivleri analiz edilip hicvin muhteva açısından geçirdiği değişikliklere işaret edilecektir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Poetry, which is described as the Divan of the Arabs, has not only been a literary commodity but has accompanied their lives since the day it appeared on the stage of history. Poetry has become the stage where the sadness, joy, satire and praise of this society are reflected. In addition, poetry, which takes on a religious identity by hanging on the wall of the Kaaba, has become an indispensable part of fairs where social interaction is experienced and the heart of the economy beats. This enabled the poets to be in an important and effective position in the eyes of the society. Accordingly, the Arabs, who adopted the tribal structure, tried to perform their praise and satire on the poets. Tribal structures that care about the bond of asabiyyah boasted about their power, position and material possessions in the company of poets, and they blamed their interlocutors for being deprived of these issues. These activities, which have become a social behavior, have enabled satire, which is the literary disguise of satire, to be included under the subtitle of the genre of poetry. In addition, the satire accompanying historical events has undergone changes with its content and metaphors in accordance with the movements that have taken place. Negus al-Harisi (d. 40/660?) is one of the poets known as the satirical poet who witnessed the movements mentioned. Although the satires of Negus, one of the Muhadram poets, that have survived to the present day, reflect a limited section from the period of ignorance, they reflect an important section of the Sadru'l-Islam period. Negus, especially in the turbulent period when political-theological events were experienced, first of all, Hz. He was next to Ali and later Hz. He passed over to Muawiyah. Therefore, the satires in question are important in terms of history, but also in terms of revealing the effect of historical movements in the art of satire. With these considerations, in this article, Negus' satires will be analyzed and the movements of satire in terms of content will be pointed out.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=57479</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 1[65-89]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/259</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arapça Öğretim Sürecine Z Kuşağı Üzerinden Yeni Bir Bakış Denemesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A New View at the Arabic Teaching Process through Generation Z]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hasan HARMANCI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı, Dilbilim, Arapça Öğretmenliği, Arap Dili Öğrenimi, Z Kuşağı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language and Literature, Linguistics, Arabic Teaching, Arabic Language Learning, Generation Z]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu çalışmada geçmişten günümüze genel olarak dünyada özelde ise Türkiye’de teknolojik alanda yaşanan değişimlerle birlikte teoride ve pratikte yaşanan değişime ve bunun Z kuşağına yansıması kısaca incelendikten sonra ülkemizde Arapça öğretimine dair hazırlanan çalışmaların genel muhtevasına bakılacaktır. Türkiye’de Arap Dili eğitimine dair hazırlanan çalışmalar genel bir incelemeye tabi tutulduktan sonra, bugünkü Arapça öğrencilerinin eskisinden farklı olarak dünyaya nev-i şahsına münhasır bakışları ve bunun dil öğrenimine yansıma ihtimaline dikkat çekilecektir. Şimdiye kadar ülkemizde Arapça öğretimine dair hazırlanan teorik çalışmalar ile Arapça öğrencilerinin sanal dünya ile yaşadıkları pratik arasında yaşanan tezat da bu çalışmanın ortaya çıkış sürecini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın devam eden bölümlerinde bu alanda yoğunlaşılması gerektiğini düşündüğümüz türdeki daha yenilikçi çalışmalara değinilecektir. Akademik dünyada hazırlanan bu konudaki araştırmalarda sıklıkla Arapça öğretim teknikleri ile Arapça öğretici kadrosunda sahip olunması gereken özelliklere yoğunlaşılırken değişen öğrenci tipolojisine farklı disiplinler, değişen dünya gerçeklikleri üzerinden yeterince odaklanılmadığı görülmektedir. Günümüz dünyasında küreselleşme, post endüstriyel devrim, dijital dönüşüm, metaverse, gittikçe güç kazanan sanal dünya, hiper gerçeklik gibi farklılaşan gündelik hayat koşulları ile birlikte başta çocuklar ve gençler olmak üzere insanların bilinci hızlı bir şekilde değişmekte ve bu süreç eğitim dünyasını hem teorik hem de pratik düzeyde sayısız yeni vakıa ile karşı karşıya bırakmaktadır. Değişime adapte olma konusunda gençlere nazaran daha fazla zorluk yaşayan orta yaş ve üstü eğitim mensuplarının bu hususiyetinin üzerinde durulması gereken bir durum olduğu kanaatini taşımaktayız. Yukarıda açıklamaya çalıştığımız problemin sarih bir şekilde tanımlanması adına Arap dili öğretim teknikleri dışında başka disiplinlerden de istifade eden bu çalışma meselenin genişliği ve zorluğu dikkate alındığında bir makale boyutunu ziyadesiyle aşması sebebiyle mevzu bahis sorunu işaret etme ve yapılması gereken muhtemel Arap dili eğitimi çalışmalarının muhtevasına dair görüş ve önerilerle sonlandırılacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In this study, after briefly examining the changes in theory and practice with the changes in the technological field in the world in general and in Turkey in particular, the general content of the studies on teaching Arabic from the past to the present in our country will be discussed and the reflection of this change on the present and the Z generation will be examined. After the studies on Arabic language education in Turkey are subjected to a general review, attention will be drawn to the unique perspectives of today's Arabic students to the world which is unlike in the past and the possible reflections of this phenomenon on language learning. The contrast between the theoretical studies on teaching Arabic in our country and the practice that Arab students experience with the virtual world also constitutes the process of emergence of this study. In the following parts of the research, innovative studies of the type that we think should be concentrated in this area will be mentioned. While researches on this subject prepared in the academic world often focus on Arabic teaching techniques and the characteristics that Arabic teaching staff should have, it is seen that changing the typology of the students is not sufficiently focused on different disciplines and changing world realities. In today's world, differentiating everyday life conditions with globalization, post-industrial revolution, digital transformation, metaverse, increasingly powerful virtual world and hyper-reality are rapidly changing the consciousness of people, especially children and youth and this process brings the education system face to face with countless theoretical and practical new facts. We think that this feature of middle-aged and over education members, who have more difficulty in adapting to change than young people, is a situation that should be emphasized in the rapidly changing world we live in. This problem, which needs help of other disciplines besides Arabic language teaching techniques in order to clearly define the problem we tried to explain above, is beyond the size of an article considering the breadth and difficulty of the issue, so this study will end with some opinions and recommendations relating the content of the possible studies on Arabic language education.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=57421</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 1[51-64]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/260</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Farsça Dil Tarihi ve Kadim Farsça Dinî Metinler]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Persian Language History and Ancient Persian Religious Texts]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Mekin MEÇİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dinler Tarihi, İran dilleri, Avestaca, Eski Farsça, Pehlevîce, Modern Farsça]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Religions, Iranian languages, Avestan, Old Persian, Pahlavi, Modern Persian]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu çalışmanın konusu, Fars dilinin tarihi ve eski Farsça metinlerin edebî ve dinî içerikleridir. Bu çalışmada konu ile ilgili Türkçe, Farsça, Arapça ve İngilizce çalışmalar incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, edebî ve dinî açıdan köklü bir medeniyete sahip olan İran'ın dil tarihine ışık tutmak ve bu medeniyetten geriye kalan eserlerdeki dil-din ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda İran dilleri eski, orta ve yeni olmak üzere üç dönemde incelenmiştir. Eski dönemden eserleri geride kalmış olan Avestaca ve Eski Farsça dilleri ele alınmış ve bu bağlamda Zerdüştîlerin kutsal kitabı Avesta ve Eski Farsça taş yazmalarının dili ve içeriğine ışık tutulmuştur. Orta dönemde ise Sasani dönemine ait Pehlevîce eserler merkeze alınmıştır. Yeni dönemde sadece dönemin dili üzerinde durulmuş ve bu döneme ait eserlerin çok sayıda olması nedeniyle içerikleri çalışmanın dışında tutulmuştur. Pehlevîce dışında İran dil-din tarihinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Soğdca, Belhçe, Sakaca ve Harezmce gibi dillere ve bu dillerden geriye kalan sınırlı sayıdaki eserlere dikkat çekilmiştir. Orta dönemde ayrıca Maniheistlerin dinî ve edebî faaliyetleri de özetlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda İran dillerinin günümüz Farsçasına ulaşana kadar devam eden tarihsel süreçte geçirdiği aşamalar ortaya konmuş, eski çağlardan geride kalan dinî ve seküler metinler tespit edilmiş, bu metinlerin içeriklerine kısaca değinilmiş ve bazen bu eserlerin içerikleri, verdikleri mesajların anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacak şekilde yorumlanmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The subject of this study is the history of the Persian language and the literary and religious contents of ancient Persian texts. In this study, Turkish, Persian, Arabic and English studies on the subject were examined and interpreted. The aim of the study is to shed light on the language history of Iran, which has a deep-rooted civilization in terms of literature and religion, and to reveal the language-religion relationship in the remaining works of this civilization. In this context, Iranian languages ​​were examined in three periods: old, middle and new. Avestan and Old Persian languages, whose works from the ancient period have been left behind, are discussed and in this context, the language and content of the Zoroastrian holy book Avesta and Old Persian lithographs are shed light on. In the middle period, Pahlavi works belonging to the Sassanid period were centered. In the new period, only the language of the period was emphasized and the contents of the works were excluded from the study due to the large number of works belonging to this period. Apart from Pahlavi, languages ​​such as Sogdian, Belkh, Sakha and Khwarezm, which have an important place in the history of Iranian language and religion, and the limited number of works remaining from these languages ​​are highlighted. The religious and literary activities of the Manichaeans in the middle period are also summarized. As a result of this study, the stages of Iranian languages ​​in the historical process until they reached today's Persian were revealed, religious and secular texts left behind from ancient times were determined, the contents of these texts were briefly mentioned and sometimes the contents of these works were interpreted in a way that would contribute to the understanding of the messages they gave.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=56879</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 1[91-121]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/261</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kültür Dünyası Kavramı ve Din Eğitimi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Concept of Cultural World and Religious Education]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed Muhdi GÜNDÜZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, Din, Kültür, Eğitim, Kültür Dünyası]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Religion, Culture, Education, the World of Culture]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu çalışmada beşerî bir faaliyet olarak doğal bir dünyada oluşturulan bir gerçeklik olan kültür dünyasının oluşumunda din eğitiminin rolü ele alınmıştır. Kişi kültür dünyası ile çevresini anlamlandırma, yorumlama ve nihayetinde kültürün kendisinin inşa edilme sürecine aktif olarak katılma imkânına sahip olmaktadır. Aşkın bir özelliğe sahip olan din ve kültürel unsurlardan hangilerinin yetişen nesle aktarılması gerektiğini tayin eden eğitim, kişinin kültür dünyasının oluşumunda doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etkili olmaktadır. Din farklı motiflerle etkilediği kültürde anlam kazanarak kişinin kültür dünyasının oluşumunda rol oynamaktadır. Bir kültürleme/kültürlenme faaliyeti olarak eğitim de kişinin varlık dünyasında bulunan kültürü, kendisi için anlamlı hale getirerek kültür dünyasının inşasına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bir eğitim faaliyeti olarak dinin eğitimini konu edinen din eğitimi, bir yandan kişinin mensup olduğu toplumun kültürü üzerinde etkili olan dine ilişkin bilinçlendirme sağlayarak diğer yandan da dinin anlam bulduğu kültürü konu edinerek kişinin kültür dünyasının zenginleşmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu da hem dinin anlaşılmasına hem de kişinin mensup olduğu kültürüyle barışık bir şekilde yaşamasına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Dolayısıyla din eğitimi faaliyetleri ile zenginleştirilmiş bir kültür dünyasına sahip olan kişi küreselleşen dünyada mensup olduğu kültürü eleştirel bir gözle değerlendirme, sorgulama, benimseme, anlama ve nihayetinde geliştirme yeterliliğine sahip olabilmektedir. Ayrıca mezkûr faaliyetlerle beslenilen kültür dünyası ile yapısı gereği sürekli olarak yeniden değerlendirme ihtiyacı duyan din ve kültürün yaşanılan dönemde doğru ve sağlıklı bir şekilde yorumlanmasına imkân sağlanmış olunur. Son olarak şunun da belirtilmesi gerekir ki bu çalışma din eğitiminin kültür dünyasının oluşumuna olan katkısını ortaya koymayı gaye edinmektedir. Söz konusu gayeye ulaşmak için ilgili alanda var olan yazılı eserler yazılı dokümanların incelemesi yöntemi ile okunmuştur. Okumalar sonucu elde edilen veriler, kavramsal düzlemde ve analitik bir tarzda yeniden yorumlanmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In this study, the role of religious education in the formation of the cultural world, which is a reality created in a natural world as a human activity, is discussed. The individual has the opportunity to make sense of the cultural world and his environment, to interpret it, and finally to actively participate in the process of constructing the culture itself. Education, which determines which of the religious and cultural elements, which have a transcendent characteristic, should be transferred to the next generation, is directly or indirectly effective in the formation of the cultural world of the person. Religion plays a role in the formation of a person's cultural world by gaining meaning in the culture it affects with different motifs. As an enculturation/enculturation activity, education also lays the groundwork for the construction of the cultural world by making the culture in the world of existence meaningful for oneself. Religious education, which deals with the education of religion as an educational activity, on the one hand, raises awareness about the religion that is effective on the culture of the society to which the person belongs, on the other hand, it enriches the cultural world of the person by focusing on the culture in which religion finds meaning. This lays the groundwork for both understanding religion and living in harmony with the culture to which one belongs. Therefore, a person who has a cultural world enriched with religious education activities can have the ability to critically evaluate, question, adopt, understand and ultimately develop the culture he belongs to in the globalizing world. In addition, the world of culture, which is nourished by the aforementioned activities, enables the correct and healthy interpretation of religion and culture, which needs constant re-evaluation due to its structure. Finally, it should be noted that this study aims to reveal the contribution of religious education to the formation of the cultural world. In order to achieve the said aim, the written works existing in the relevant field were read by the method of examining the written documents. The data obtained as a result of the readings were reinterpreted in a conceptual and analytical manner.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=54138</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 1[35-50]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/262</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hinduizm’de Tenasüh İnancı ile İbn Sina’da Tenasüh Anlayışı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Evaluation of Reincarnation in Hinduism and Avicenna's Understanding of Reincarnation]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İsmet EŞMELİ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Osman MUTLUEL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dinler Tarihi, İslam Felsefesi, Tenasüh, Hinduizm, İbn Sina, ruh-beden, ölüm]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of religions, Islamic philosophy, Reincarnation, Hinduism, Avıcenna, spirit-body, death]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İnsanlık tarihi boyunca insanlar, bu dünya ile ilgilendiği kadar bu dünyayla bağlantılı gördüğü sonrasıyla da ilgilenmiştir. Bu bağlamda ölüm ve sonrası, hem dini hem felsefi açıdan üzerinde fikir üretilen bir husus olmuştur. Ayrıca, dünya tarihinde bizzat insanın mahiyeti başlı başına önemli bir husus olarak anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. İnsanın mahiyeti hakkında dinin ortaya koyduğu hususlar olduğu gibi filozofların da beyan ettiği fikirler olmuştur. İnsanın ruh ve bedenden oluştuğu genel bir kabuldür. İnsanın beden boyutundan daha ziyade ruh boyutunun mahiyetinin net olarak bilenemediği bir vakıadır. Aynı zamanda mahiyetinin birbirinden farklı olduğu düşünülen ruh ile beden ilişkisi, insanlığın tarih boyunca ilgilendiği bir konu olmuştur. Hinduizm’de, Hinduizm’in insan anlayışı ve bu anlayışla yakından ilişkili olan zaman anlayışı bu dünyadaki insanın maddi boyutu ile manevi boyutu arasındaki ilişkinin devamı bir bakıma tenasüh inancı vasıtasıyla açıklanmaktadır. Hinduizm’in inanç sistemi birbiriyle iç içe geçmiş inançlarla oluşmuştur. Hinduizm’de Tenasüh inancıyla bağlantılı olan başka inançları vardır. Bunlar arasında Hinduizm benimsenen karma, ruh, zaman, kurtuluş, insan, dünya, varlık gibi anlayışlar doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak tenasüh anlayışı ile bağlantılıdır. Hinduizm’deki tenasüh inancının kutsal metin anlayış ve çeşitliliğine bağlı olarak ilk dönemlerden günümüze kadar geçen zamanda farklı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu açıdan Hinduzim’in tenasüh inancının mahiyeti dönemsel olarak oluşan kutsal metin pasajlarına göre oluşmuştur. İslam filozofları tarafından da farklı saiklerle ruh-beden ve bu dünya ve sonrası ile ilgili fikirler geliştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, İslam filozoflarının tenasüh üzerine görüş belirtmeleri, Platon’da tenasüh fikrinin bulunması sebebiyle ortaya çıktığı kabul edilebilir. Genel olarak İslam filozofları tenasüh inancı hakkında net bir şekilde bir düşünce belirtmemiş olmakla birlikte bazı İslam filozoflarının Hinduizm’deki ile aynı mahiyette olmasa da tenasüh hakkında kendi düşüncesini ortaya koyduğu bilinmektedir. Bu anlamda, Hinduizm’deki tenasüh inancı ile İbn Sina’nın tenasüh düşüncesi karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınıp değerlendirilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Throughout the history of humanity, people have been as interested in this world as they are in the aftermath, which they see connected with this world. In this context, death and its aftermath have been a matter for which ideas have been produced both religiously and philosophically. In addition, the nature of man himself in the history of the world has been tried to be understood as an important issue in itself. Just as there are matters revealed by religion about the nature of human beings, there have also been ideas declared by philosophers. It is a general acceptance that man consists of soul and body. It is a fact that the nature of the soul dimension rather than the body dimension of the human cannot be clearly known. At the same time, the relationship between the soul and the body, which is thought to be different from each other, has been a subject that humanity has been interested in throughout history. In Hinduism, Hinduism's understanding of human and time, which is closely related to understanding of human, is explained through the belief of reincarnation, in a way, the continuation of the relationship between the material dimension and the spiritual dimension of the human being in this world. The belief system of Hinduism consists of intertwined beliefs. There are other beliefs in Hinduism that are linked to the belief in Reincarnation. Among these, understandings such as karma, spirit, time, salvation, human, world, existence adopted in Hinduism are directly or indirectly related to the understanding of reincarnation. It is known that the belief in reincarnation in Hinduism differs from the earliest times to the present, depending on the understanding and diversity of the sacred text. Islamic philosophers have also developed ideas about the soul-body and this world and beyond with different motives. In this context, it can be accepted that the opinions of Islamic philosophers on reincarnation emerged due to the existence of the idea of reincarnation in Plato. In general, although Islamic philosophers have not clearly stated their thoughts on the belief of reincarnation, it is known that some Islamic philosophers put forward their own thoughts about reincarnation, although it is not of the same nature as in Hinduism. In this sense, the belief in reincarnation in Hinduism and Avıcenna's idea of reincarnation were discussed and evaluated comparatively.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=54110</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 17 Issue 1[21-33]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/263</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hz. Peygamber’in Tatbikatında Bulunan “Dindarlık Esaslı Sosyalleşme” Üzerine Bir İnceleme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Examination  on "Religiosity -Based Socialization" in the Practice of Hz. Prophet]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Şemsettin KIRIŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, dindarlık, sünnet, dînî sosyalleşme, mahalle, cami]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, piety, sunnah, religious socialization, neighborhood, mosque]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Kişinin inançları, değerleri, uygulamaları, kabulü veya reddi ile toplumda kimlik ve kişilik kazanma sürecini dînî sosyalleşme olarak adlandırabiliriz. Bireyselleşme, kişinin kendi entelektüel kapasitesini, tefekkür derinliğini, kısacası tüm yetenek ve bilgilerini gerçekleştirmesi olarak nitelendirilebilirse, sosyalleşme de bu yetenek ve deneyimlerin dışavurumu ve toplumla paylaşılması olarak nitelendirilebilir. Sosyalleşme, bireyin toplumla etkileşimidir. Bireyci-modern yaklaşım, insanların inandıkları din ile kurumsal dinin farklı şeyler olduğu tezini sıklıkla vurgular. Kurumsal dinin bireyin iradesine dışarıdan bir müdahale olduğu özellikle belirtilmektedir. Kurumsal dinin otantik ve nitelikli dindarlığı artırmadığı, aynı zamanda insanları riyakâr dindarlığa yönlendirdiği de belirtilmektedir. Özgün ve nitelikli dindarlığın bireyin kendi arzu ve iradesiyle gerçekleşebileceği öngörülmektedir. Bireyin iç dünyasında dindarlığa yol açacak dinamiğin nasıl şekilleneceği sorusu üzerinde durulmamaktadır. Sınırsız sayıda seküler dinamiğin bireyin arzu ve iradesine talip olduğu bir ortamda, dindarlık tercihi nasıl bir motivasyon oluşturabilir? Bunun kolay olmayacağını öngörmek zor değildir. Bireyin sınırsız arzularında dindarlık arzusuna yer bulması içsel bir mücadeleye bağlıdır. Doğası gereği dindarlık, dine kayıtsızlıkla uyum içinde yaşayamaz. Sürdürülebilir dindarlık, güçlü bir irade eğitimi ile istek ve arzuların kontrol edilmesi ve yönetilmesi kadar sosyal desteği de gerektirir. Dolayısıyla sosyalleşme her birey için zorunlu bir ihtiyaçtır. Dînî sosyalleşme, bu temel ihtiyacın karşılanmasında inançla ilgili hassasiyetlerin dikkate alınmasıdır. Kişi sosyalleşme ihtiyacını dînî inançları açısından rahat ve kabul edilebilir bir şekilde gerçekleştirmek isteyebilir. Başkasına iyilik etmek nasıl bir ihtiyaç ise, sosyalleşme de bir ihtiyaçtır. Yapılan iyiliğin tezahür etmesi ve anlam kazanması dînî sosyalleşme ile ilgilidir. Hz. Peygamber'in getirdiği din, müminlere ibadet ve âdet için toplanmalarını emretmiştir. Hz. Muhammed’in getirdiği dinde hayat, bireysel kurtuluş temelinde değil, toplumsal kurtuluş temelinde kurulmuştur. Hz. Peygamber ve Hulefa-i Raşidîn döneminde cami, sosyal hayatın merkezi ve ibadetin yanında diğer faaliyetlerin de yürütüldüğü bir yer olmuştur. Hz. Peygamber sosyalleşmeyi müminler için bir hedef davranış olarak ortaya koymuştur. Hz. Peygamber'in hayatındaki Mekke ve Medine dönemleri, dînî sosyalleşmenin çarpıcı örnekleriyle doludur.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;We can call religious socialization the process of gaining identity and personality in society with one's beliefs, values, practices, acceptance or rejection. If individualization can be described as the realization of one's own intellectual capacity, depth of contemplation, in short, all abilities and knowledge, socialization can be characterized as the expression and sharing of these abilities and experiences with the society. Socialization is the interaction of the individual with society. The individualist-modern approach often emphasizes the thesis that the religion people hold in their hearts and the corporate religion are two different things. It is specifically stated that institutional religion is an external intervention in the will of the individual. It is stated that institutional religion does not increase authentic and qualified religiosity, but also leads people to hypocritical religiosity. It is foreseen that authentic and qualified religiosity can be realized by the individual's own desire and will. The question of how to shape the dynamic that will lead to religiosity in the inner world of the individual is not addressed. In an environment where an unlimited number of secular dynamics aspire to the desire and will of the individual, what kind of motivation can the choice of religiosity create? It is not difficult to foresee that this will not be easy. Finding a place for the desire for religiosity in the unlimited desires of the individual depends on an internal struggle. By its very nature, religiosity cannot live in harmony with indifference to religion. Sustainable religiosity requires social support as well as controlling and managing our desires and desires with a strong will training. Socialization is a compulsory need for every individual. Religious socialization is the consideration of religious sensitivities in meeting this basic need. The person may want to realize the need for socialization in a comfortable and acceptable way in terms of his/her religious beliefs. Socialization is a need, just as it is a need to do good to others. The manifestation and meaning of the good done is related to socialization. The religion brought by the Hz. Prophet ordered believers to gather for worship and custom. In this religion, life is not built on the basis of individual liberation, but on the basis of social liberation. Hz. During the time of the Hz. Prophet and Hulefa-i Raşidîn, the mosque became the center of social life and became a place where other activities were carried out besides worship. The Hz. Prophet revealed socialization as a target behavior for believers. Hz. The periods of Mecca and Medina in the life of the Prophet are full of striking examples of religious socialization.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=52578</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 4[511-525]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/264</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Dindarlık Algılarıyla Ahlaki Yargıları Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Perceptions of Religiosity and Moral Judgment of University Students]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Veysel Karani ALTUN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din eğitimi, dindarlık, ahlak, ahlak eğitimi, ahlaki yargı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious education, religiosity, moral, moral education, moral judgment]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İnsanların ahlaki olgunlukları üzerinde pek çok faktörün etkisinden söz edilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ahlaki yargı düzeyleri üzerinde dindarlık algı düzeylerinin etkisinden söz etmek ve ahlaki yargı düzeyi ile dindarlık algı düzeyini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda demografik gibi bazı bağımsız değişkenlerle gençlerin dindarlık düzeyi ahlaki yargı düzeyinde bir değişimi etkileyip etkilemediği incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmada yöntem olarak tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma İnönü Üniversitesinin çeşitli fakültelerinde okuyan öğrencileri üzerinde gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırma verileri 2015 yılında dindarlık algı ölçeği, kişisel bilgiler formu ve ahlaki yargı testi ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için SPSS analiz programı kullanılmış ve değişkenlerin kendi aralarındaki ilişkilerini ortaya koymak için regresyon analizinden yararlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada ilk olarak dindarlık ile ahlaki yargı arasında nasıl bir ilişkinin olduğunu ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılan regreyon analizi sonucunda iki düzey arasında yüksek olmasa da pozitif yönde bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dindarlığın inanç düzeyi ile ahlaki yargı düzeyi arasında da pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken dindarlığın ibadet düzeyi ile ahlaki yargı düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında genel dindarlığın artmasıyla ahlaki yargının da artacağı sonucu çıkarılabilir. Dindarlığın inanç düzeyi de aynı şekilde ahlaki yargıyı yordarken ibadet düzeyi ile ahlaki yargı arasında herhangi anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Bir başka deyişle ahlaki yargının artması dindarlığın ve inanç düzeyinin artmasıyla açıklanabilirken ibadet düzeyi ile açıklanamamaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;It is possible to speak of effects of many determinants on the ethical maturity of individuals. The aim of this study discusses the effect of the religiosity perception levels on ethical opinion levels and then examines these two levels comparatively. For his purpose it also examines if some independent variables such as demography, and the religiosity level of young people affects a change in ethical opinion level. In this study, survey model is employed. This research was caried out on students in various faculties of Inonu University. The research data were collected through religiosity perception scale, personal information form and ethical opinion test in 2015. SPSS analysis program was used to analyze the data and in order to reveal the relationships among variables, regression analysis was used. As a result of the regression analysis conducted in order to reveal the relationship between religiosity and moral judgment, it was determined that there is a positive, but not high, relationship between the two levels. While there is a positive meaningful relationship between the belief level of religiosity and moral judgment, there is no significant relationship between the religiosity level of worship and moral judgment. In the light of the data obtained, it can be concluded that moral judgment will increase with the increase of general religiosity. The belief level of religiosity likewise predicts moral judgment, while no meaningful relationship has been found between the level of worship and moral judgment. In other words, the increase of moral judgment can be explained by the increase of religiosity and the level of faith, but it cannot be explained by the level of worship.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=52473</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 4[477-492]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/265</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Bir Müfessir Olarak Ahmed Mustafa el-Merâğî  ve “Tefsîru’l-Merâğî” İsimli Eseri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Ahmed Mustafa al-Maragi as a Commentator and His Work Titled “Tefsîru’l-Merâğî”]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Seri DOĞRU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Merâğî, Mısır, İctimâî yaklaşım, Modern çağ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Maraghi, Egypt, İqtimâî exegesis, Modern age]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Kur’an’ın mana ve maksatlarını anlama çabası, Kur’an’la olan irtibatın en önemli göstergelerindendir. Ayetlerini doğru bir şekilde açıklamak, Kur’an’ı doğru anlamaya dayanır. Çünkü Kur’an, her Müslümanın en temel hidayet rehberidir. Onun ayetlerini anlamaya dönük her türlü çaba, bu ilâhî kitabın bizlere sunmak istediği bilgiyi elde etme yolunda atılmış önemli bir adımdır. Nüzul sürecinde ilk olarak Hz Peygamber (s.a.v.) döneminde, müşkil lafızların açıklanmasını amaç edinen bu çabalar, tefsir ameliyesini oluşturan önemli adımlar olarak çağdaş döneme kadar muhtelif ekol ve anlayışlar şeklinde varlığını günümüze kadar sürdürmüştür.İslâm tefsir geleneği, toplumsal birçok anlayış ve yaklaşımı bünyesinde barındırmıştır. Özellikle son yüzyılda Kur’ân mesajının, Müslümanların yaşadığı soysal ve ekonomik problemlere çözüm olacak şekilde yeniden yorumlanmasını öngören İctimâî Tefsir anlayışı bunlardan sadece biridir. Bu ekol, fikri alt yapısı bakımından Cemâleddin Efgânî’nin oluşturduğu İslâmî yenileşme hareketiyle revaç bulmuş ve günümüze kadar etkinliğini sürdürmüş bir tefsir ekolüdür. Hatta son asırda telif edilen birçok tefsir eserlerinin ictimâî yaklaşımla kaleme alınması, bu ekolün 20. Yüzyıl tefsir akımı şeklinde isimlendirilmesine de yol açmıştır. Bu makalenin konusu, İctimâî tefsir ekolünün 20. asırdaki önemli temsilcilerinden biri olan Ahmed Mustafa el-Merâğî’nin hayatı, ilmî kişiliği, eserleri ve &lt;em&gt;“Tefsîru’l-Merâğî”&lt;/em&gt; isimli tefsiridir. Makalede Merâğî’nin hayatı genel hatlarıyla ele alınarak ilmî kişiliği anlatılmıştır. Ayrıca müellifin, İctimâî tefsir yaklaşımıyla kaleme alınmış kapsamlı çalışması olan &lt;em&gt;“Tefsîru’l-Merâğî”&lt;/em&gt; isimli eserinin genel özellikleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Eserin, tefsir alanındaki yeri ve konumuna ilişkin değerlendirme yapılmış; özellikle ictimâî tefsirin temel ilkeleri açısından eserin önemine vurgu yapılmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The effort to understand the meaning and purposes of the Qur'an is one of the most important indicators of the connection with the Qur'an. Explaining its verses correctly is based on a correct understanding of the Qur'an. Because the Qur'an is the most basic guide for every Muslim. Every effort to understand his verses is an important step towards obtaining the knowledge that this divine book wants to offer us. These efforts, which aimed to explain the difficult words in the Prophet's (pbuh) period, continued to exist in the form of various schools and understandings until the modern period as important steps that make up the tafsir process.The tradition of Islamic tafsir has embodied many social understandings and approaches. Especially in the last century, the understanding of Social Tafsir, which envisages the reinterpretation of the message of the Qur'an as a solution to the social and economic problems experienced by Muslims, is only one of them. This school, in terms of its intellectual infrastructure, is a school of tafsir that has found popularity with the Islamic innovation movement created by Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and has continued its effectiveness until today. In fact, the fact that many tafsir works that were copyrighted in the last century were written with a social approach led to the naming of this school as the 20th century tafsir movement. The subject of this article is Ahmed Mustafa al-Maragî's life, scientific personality, works and his commentary named "Tefsîru'l-Marâğî", one of the important representatives of the social tafsir school in the 20th century. In the article, Marâğî's life is discussed in general terms and his scientific personality is explained. In addition, information is given about the general features of the author's work named "Tefsîru'l-Marâğî", which is a comprehensive work written with a social commentary approach. An evaluation was made regarding the place and importance of the work in the field of tafsir; In particular, the importance of the work was emphasized in terms of the basic principles of social tafsir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=52388</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 4[493-510]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/266</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Affân b. Muslimin Hadis Rivayet Üslubu ve Mihnesi Hakkında Bir Değerlendirme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Assessment About Affân b. Muslim's Hadith Narrative Method and Mihna]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yusuf AKGÜL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Affân b. Muslim, Hadis cüzü, Rivayet, Mihne]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Affân b. Muslim, Djuz’ al-Hadith, Narration, Mihna]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu çalışmada, Bağdat muhaddisi diye anılan Affân b. Muslim’in (134-220/751-835) hayatı, hadis ilmindeki yeri ile ona nispet edilen hadis cüzlerindeki rivayet üslubu ve Mihnesi incelenmiştir. Çalışma giriş, iki bölüm ve sonuçtan oluşmaktadır. Girişte çalışmanın amacı, önemi ve kaynakları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Birinci bölüm Affân b. Muslim’in hayatı ve hadis ilmindeki yerine dairdir. İkinci bölümde ise Affân’ın hadis rivayet üslubu ve Mihnedeki durumu ele alınmıştır. Kaynaklarda rivayetlerinin sağlam ve güvenilir olduğu zikredilen Affân b. Muslim’in hadis aldığı kişiler arasında Hammâd b. Seleme, Hammâd b. Zeyd ve Şu’be b. Haccâc gibi meşhur muhaddisler yer almaktadır. İbn Sa’d, Ahmed b. Hanbel, İbn Ebi Şeybe, İmam Buhârî ve Ebû Hâtim er-Râzî onun talebelerindendir. Affân b. Muslim’e nispet edilen cüzler ve biyografi kaynakları incelendiğinde de bu durum açıkça görülmektedir. Affân’ın hadis rivayet üslubu, onun hocalarından aldığı rivayetlerinde, âlimlerin onun hakkındaki olumlu veya olumsuz değerlendirmelerinde ve yaşadığı dönemde yapılan çalışmalarda tespit edilebilir. Her ne kadar konuyla ilgili bazı çalışmalarda buna temas edilmiş olsa da bu çalışmada hadis cüzleri incelenmiş, konuya dair bazı ilave açıklamalarda bulunulmuştur. Affân’ın yaşadığı dönem itibariyle Abbasilerin ilk dönemi olması, bu dönemde hadis alanında önemli gelişmelerin yaşanması, Mutezile mezhebinin görüşlerinden Kur’an’ın mahlûk olduğu görüşünün Ehl-i hadis’e benimsetilmeye çalışılması ve bu bağlamda Abbâsî Halifesi Me’mûn tarafından başlatılan sorgulamanın Affân b. Müslim ile başlamış olması gibi hususlar dönemin siyasî ve fikrî olaylarının hadis rivayet ve üslubuna ne şekilde yansıdığını göstermesi bakımından kanaatimizce araştırmaya değer konulardır. Bu cümleden olarak çalışmada Affân’ın hayatı, hocaları ve talebeleri de araştırılmıştır&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In this study, the life of Affân b. Muslim (who is called the Baghdad muhaddith (134-220/751-835), his place in the science of hadith, his style of narration in the hadith juz’ of him, and how his experiences in the Mihna incident affected his environment were examined. The study consists of introduction, two parts and conclusion. In the introduction, there is information about the purpose, importance and sources of the study. The first chapter is about Affân b. Muslim's life and his place in the science of hadith. In the second part, Affân's hadith narration method and his situation in Mihna are discussed. Affân b. Muslim, whose narrations are mentioned in the sources as solid and reliable, has received hadith from famous muhaddiths such as Hammâd b. Salamah, Hammâd b. Zayd ve Shu'ba b. al-Ḥajjāj. İbn Sa’d, Ahmad b. Hanbal, İbn Abi Shayba, Imam Bukhârî ve Abû Hâtim ar-Râzî are his students. This situation is clearly seen when the sources of juz and biography belonging to Affan are examined. Affân's hadith narration style can be detected in the narrations he received from his teachers, in the positive or negative evaluations of scholars about him, and in the studies conducted during his lifetime. Although this has been mentioned in some studies on the subject, in this study, the hadiths were examined and some additional explanations were made on the subject. Affân lived in the first period of the Abbasids. During this period, there were important developments in the field of hadith. One of them is the Mu’tazila's thought that the Qur'an is created. This idea has been tried to be adopted by the Ahl-i hadith. Abbasid Caliph Me'mûn started the first questioning with Affân. In this context, it is necessary to investigate how the political and intellectual events of the period affected the hadith narration and style. Therefore, in this study, Affan's life, teachers and students were investigated.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=52213</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 3[305-321]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/267</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tokat Ahi Paşa Külliyesi ve XIX. Yüzyılda Ekonomik Yapısı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Tokat Ahi Pasha Complex and Its Economic Structure in the XIX Century]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet AYKAÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Tarihi, Tokat, Ahi Paşa, Vakfiye, Cami]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Islam, Tokat, Ahi Pasha, Foundation, Mosque  ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ahi Paşa, 12 Ramazan 765/6 Haziran 1364 tarihinde Tokat Merkez Hoca Cemaleddin Mahallesinde bir cami, caminin kuzeyinde bir zaviye, zaviyenin sağında, bir sofa, bir kışlık oda, bir fırın ve ekmekhaneden oluşan bir külliye inşa ettirmiştir. Bu külliyeye gelir getirmek üzere Tokat merkez, Artukâbad ve Kazâbad’ta çeşitli köyler, değirmen, dinkhâne, dükkân ve bostanlar vakfedilmiştir. Vâkıf, külliyede görev yapmak üzere nâzır, hükkâm, imam, müezzin gibi kadrolar ihdas etmiş ve bu görevlere atanmak için adaylarda birtakım şartlar aranmasını şart koşmuştur. Devlet Arşivler Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi, Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi ve şer’iyle sicillerinde yapılan taramalarda külliye ile ilgili bazı belgeler saptanmıştır.  Ancak vakfın ekonomik yapısını geniş bir perspektifte ortaya koyacak belgelere ulaşılamamıştır. Muhasebesi ile ilgili 1574 tarihli Defter-i Evkaf-ı Rum’da ve 53 nolu Tokat Şer’iyle Sicilinde birkaç kayıt tespit edilmiştir. Bu kayıtlar üzerinde yapılan incelemede tarihi süreç içerisinde vakfın bazı akarlarına el konulduğu, zamanla külliye işlevini yitirip sadece cami olarak hizmet verdiği görülmüştür. XIX. yüzyıla ait muhasebe kayıtlarından akarlardan elde edilen gelirden vergiler mürtezika maaşı, kahve, duhan parası ödendiği, vâkıfın vakfiyede yapılmasını şart koştuğu diğer hususların yerine getirilmediği anlaşılmıştır. Ahi Paşa Külliyesi ile ilgili vakfiyesine dayalı özel bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Ancak birkaç çalışmada yapı mimari olarak incelenmiş, birkaç çalışmada ise tarihi hakkında genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ahi Pasha is an artist and dervish who lived in the fourteenth century and belonged to the tradition of ahi order. It is understood which he devoted his life to charity and service works. However, detailed information about his life could not be reached. He left valuable works in Tokat, where he spent his life. He was especially well-known with the mosque he had built, the zawiyah and the foundation he left for the continuation of the service in these places. In this article, the complex and economic structure of Ahi Pasha, who had a mosque, a zawiyah and a range with various units built in Tokat Merkez Hoca Cemaleddin District on 12 Ramadan 765/6 June 1364, are discussed. Ahi Pasha donated various villages, mill dinkhane, shops and orchards in Tokat Center, Artukabad and Kazabad to generate income for this complex. There is no independent study based on the complex and foundation charter of Ahi Pasha, who brought such a permanent service to Tokat in a very early period. Only Art Historians and some historians have made summary evaluations based on some general information. The document was written in Arabic on 12 Ramadan 765 / 6 June 1364. Ahi Pasha had a mosque built in the neighborhood known as Hoca Cemaleddin since ancient times, a zawiya to the north of the mosque, a sofa, a winter room, a bakery and a bakery to the right of the zawiya. In our research on this building, which has been in service for many years, it has been determined which some of the mites of the complex were confiscated during the historical process, lost its function over time and used as a mosque today.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=52067</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 3[323-335]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/268</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Şiirleri ve Psikolojik Tahliller Çerçevesinde Zemahşerî’nin Hayatı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[al-Zamakhsharī’s Life in the Frame of her Poems and Psychological Analysis]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Necmettin ÇALIŞKAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Zemahşerî, Şiir, Hayat, Engellilik, Mekke Dönemi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsīr, al-Zamakhsharī, Poetry, Life, Disability, Mecca Period]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Elliye yakın telifi ve &lt;em&gt;Keşşâf&lt;/em&gt; isimli eseriyle müfessirler ve dilciler arasında adından çokça söz edilen âlimlerin başında Zemahşerî (ö. 538/1144) gelmektedir. Zemahşerî’nin telifleri ve hayatı hakkında çok sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Ancak Zemahşerî’nin hayatıyla ilgili kaynaklarda detaylı ve doyurucu bilgiler yer almamaktadır. Zemahşerî’nin Keşşâfla birlikte elde ettiği şöhrete rağmen hayatı hakkında onun zihin yapısını anlamayı kolaylaştıracak detayların olmaması hem tefsir hem de dil ilimleri sahasında bir eksiklik olarak görülebilir. Bu eksikliğin giderilmesine imkân tanıyacak kaynaklardın başında Zemahşerî’nin şiirleri gelmektedir. Zemahşerî erken yaşlardan itibaren şiir yazmaya başlamış ve hayat hikayesini şiirleri arasında serpiştirmiştir. Ülkemizde Zemahşerî’nin hayatını şiirleri üzerinden ele alan bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Zemahşerî’nin hayatı; biyografik eserler yanında, şiirleri ve telif ettiği eserler çerçevesinde incelenerek ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada Zemahşerî’nin okul çağlarında geçirdiği bir kaza sonucunda bacağından engelli kalmasının modern bilimin verileri çerçevesinde psikolojik tahlili, Mekke’ye mücavir olmaya karar vermesinin sebepleri, mücâveretin ve “Arap diyarlarının her toprağına ayak bastım” dediği dönemin tarihinin netleştirilmesi, evliliği, devlet yöneticileriyle teması, &lt;em&gt;Keşşâf&lt;/em&gt;’ın yazıldığı ve bitirildiği tarihlerin tespiti ve daha birçok aydınlatılması gereken hususlar incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada Zemahşerî’nin eğitim çağında bulunduğu sırada engelli kaldıktan sonra Hârizm’e bağlı Cürcâniye/Gürgenç şehrindeki medresede sıkı bir çalışma dönemi geçirerek engelli olmanın dezavantajlarını avantaja çevirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Zemahşerî’nin Mekke’ye ilk mücavir olduğu yıl hakkında kaynaklarda birbiriyle çelişen farklı malumatlar yer almasına rağmen ilk ziyaretin 516 yılında 49 yaşındayken gerçekleştiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;al-Zamakhsharī (d. 538/1144) is one of the scholars whose name is mentioned a lot among commentators and linguists with her nearly fifty manuscripts and her commentary named al-Kashshāf. Numerous researches have been done about the works and life of al-Zamakhsharī. However, there is no detailed and satisfying information in the sources about al-Zamakhsharī’s life. Despite the fame al-Zamakhsharī achieved with al-Kashshāf, the lack of details about his life that would make it easier to understand his mental structure can be seen as a deficiency in both the field of tafsir and linguistics. al-Zamakhsharī’s poems are at the forefront of the sources that will allow this deficiency to be overcome. al-Zamakhsharī started to write poetry from an early age and interspersed his life story among his poems. In our country, there is no study that deals with al-Zamakhsharī’s life through his poems. In this study, the life of al-Zamakhsharī; In addition to biographical works, his poems and works were examined and discussed. In the study, the psychological analysis of al-Zamakhsharī’s disability in his leg as a result of an accident at school age, within the framework of the data of modern science, the reasons for his decision to migrate to Mecca, the clarification of the history of the emigration and the period in which he said "I set foot in every land of the Arab lands", his marriage, his contact with the palace notables, the determination of the dates when al-Kashshāf was written and finished and many other issues that need to be clarified were examined. In the study, it was determined that Zemahşerî turned the disadvantages of being disabled into an advantage by spending a hard study period in the madrasah in the city of Cürcâniye/Gürgenç, which was affiliated with Khârizm after being disabled during his education period. In addition, although there are conflicting informations about the year of al-Zamakhsharī’s first visit to Mecca, it was found that the first visit took place in 516 when she was 49 years old.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=52041</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 3[459-476]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/269</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İbn Haldun’a Göre Din ve Siyaset: İki Farklı Okuma]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Religion and Politics According to Ibn Khaldun: Two Different Readings]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Murat KOBYA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Sosyolojisi, İbn Haldun, din, siyaset, laiklik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Religion, Ibn Khaldun, religion, politics, laicism]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu çalışmada, birbirine taban tabana zıt iki farklı İbn Haldun okumasının mevcut olduğu vurgulanmış, söz konusu farklı okumalar, onun din-devlet ilişkileri ile ilgili görüşleri esas alınarak incelenmiş ve hangi İbn Haldun tasavvurunun daha doğru olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. İbn Haldun’un laik devlet idaresini savunduğunu iddia eden yaklaşımın çoğunlukla aydınlanmacı-pozitivist dünya görüşüne bağlı olduğu ve onun akli siyaset-dini siyaset, halifelik-mülk ve akli bilimler-dini bilimler ayrımına dayandığı tespit edilmiştir. Tam aksi bir düşünceyi savunan ikinci yaklaşımın ise, aydınlanmacı-pozitivist paradigmanın evrensel insanlık evrimi şemasını reddettiği, İslam medeniyeti ile Hıristiyan-Batı medeniyetinin tarihi –kültürel birikim ve tecrübesinin farklılığını vurguladığı, İslam düşünce geleneğine mensup olan İbn Haldun’un laiklik gibi Batı’nın özgül tarihi-kültürel tecrübesinin ürünü olan bir ilke ile ilişkilendirilmesinin mümkün olmadığını iddia ettiği belirlenmiştir. İslam dininin kurumsal yapısının Hıristiyanlıktan farklı olması; Kilise gibi dini temsil eden, ekonomik, hukuki, siyasi ve entelektüel güç odağı haline gelmiş bir örgütün mevcut olmaması; İslam düşünce geleneği ve hukuk anlayışının toplumsal gerçekliğe uyum kabiliyetinin ileri düzeyde olması gibi argümanlardan hareketle, İslam dünyasında, Batı’nın aksine, din ile devlet ve diğer kurumlar arasında çatışma doğmadığı vurgulanmış, İbn Haldun’un geleneksel İslam düşüncesine uygun olarak din-devlet birlikteliğini açıkça savunduğu belirtilerek, onun laik devlet idaresine taraftar olmadığı ve dolayısıyla onu, İslam düşünce geleneğine bağlı bir düşünür olarak tasavvur eden yaklaşımın isabetli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In this study, it is emphasized that there are two different readings of Ibn Khaldun, which are diametrically opposed to each other, and these different readings are discussed on the basis of his views on religion-state relations, and it is tried to reveal which Ibn Khaldun's conception is more accurate. It has been determined that the approach claiming that Ibn Khaldun defended the laic-secular state administration mostly depended on the enlightenment-positivist world view and it is based on Ibn Khaldun’s rational politics-religious politics, the caliphate-sultanate and rational sciences-religious sciences distinction. Likewise, it has been determined that the second approach, which advocates the opposite idea, rejects the universal human evolution scheme of the enlightened-positivist paradigm, emphasizes the difference between the historical-cultural accumulation and experience of Islamic civilization and Christian-Western civilization, and claims that it is not possible to associate Ibn Khaldun, who is a member of the tradition of Islamic thought, with a principle such as laicism, which is the product of the specific historical-cultural experience of the West. It was emphasized that, unlike the West, there was no conflict between religion and state and other institutions in the Islamic world, based on arguments such as the institutional structure of Islam is different from Christianity and the absence of an organization that represents religion, such as the Church, that has become the focus of economic, legal, political and intellectual power and the advanced ability of tradition of Islamic thought and the understanding of law to adapt to social reality. By stating that Ibn Khaldun openly defended the unity of religion and state in accordance with the traditional Islamic thought, it was concluded that he was not a supporter of the secular state administration and therefore the approach that envisioned him as a thinker committed to the tradition of Islamic thought was correct.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=51968</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 3[355-373]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/270</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Okuyucunun Allah’ın Kitabını Tefsir Etmedeki Sınırı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Reader's Limit on Interpreting Allah's Book]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdulsalam YOUUSEF]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Allah'ın Kitabı, Tevil, Okuyucunun Sınırı, Laiklik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Book of Allah, Ta'wil, Reader's Limit, Secularity, Tafsir]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Modern dönemde ortaya çıkan ve “Modernist okuma biçimi” diye isimlendirilen eleştirel okuma, yeni teoriler geliştirmek suretiyle sürekli bir değişim içine girmiştir. Söz konusu teorilerin sonuncusu ise okuyucunun hâkimiyeti teorisi olarak bilinmektedir. Yani okuyucunun, metinden anlam çıkarmada müellife katılabilmesidir. Hatta okuyucu, daha da ileri gidip müellifi ve metni yok sayıp konuya ilişkin kendi düşünce ve fikirleirni ön plana çıkarabilmektedir. Bu teoride, okuyucunun, müellifi arka plana atıp tahlil ve yorumlarda kendini merkeze koyup bir anlam yaratmaya çalıştığı bilinmektedir. Eseri, yazarın kişiliği ve hayatı üzerinden açıklamak ise en eski edebî çalışmalardan biriydi. Daha sonra bu durum, metnin tahlil ve çalışmanın odak noktası olduğu sistematik laik müfredatın rolüne dönüştü. Sonra gelen postmodern yöntemler, okuyucuyu saran prangalardan kurtarmak istediler. Bu teori ise iddia ettikleri gibi eleştirel düşünceyi konuşmacının gücünden kurtaran, edebiyatta konuşmacının referansından edebi konuşmanın kendisinin referansına olan eleştiriyi özgürleştiren okuyucunun otoritesi teorisi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Sonra durum, laik Arapların Kur’ân metninin bu otorite aracılığıyla okunmasını (tefsir edilmesini/yorumlamasını) talep etmeleri noktasına geldi. Peki Kur’ân bu teoriye boyun eğecek midir? Bunun sonuçları ne olacaktır? Bu araştırma, Kur’ân’ın hitabını ve okuyucunun otoritesini ele alarak okuyucunun bu mukaddes söylem karşısında otoriteye ne kadar sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın yöntemi betimleme, analiz ve eleştirel bir karşılaştırmaya dayalı bilimsel bir yaklaşım sergilemektedir.       .       &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Critical reading, which emerged in the modern period and called "Modernist reading style", has been in a constant change by developing new theories. The last of these theories is known as the reader's dominance theory. That is, the reader can join the author in deducing meaning from the text. In fact, the reader can go even further and ignore the author and the text and bring his own thoughts and ideas to the fore. In this theory, it is known that the reader tries to create a meaning by putting the author in the background and putting himself in the center in analyzes and comments. Explaining the work through the personality and life of the author was one of the oldest literary works. Later, this became the role of the systematic secular curriculum, where the text was the focus of analysis and study. The postmodern methods that came after wanted to free the reader from the shackles. This theory, on the other hand, is called the reader's authority theory, which liberates the criticism from the speaker's reference to the reference of the literary speech itself in literature, liberating critical thinking from the power of the speaker, as they claim. Then the situation came to the point where secular Arabs demanded that the text of the Qur'an be read (interpreted) through this authority. Will the Qur'an submit to this theory? What will be the consequences? By addressing the Qur'an's address and the reader's authority, this research reveals how much authority the reader has in the face of this sacred discourse. The method of the study exhibits a scientific approach based on description, analysis and critical comparison.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=51829</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 3[421-433]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/271</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Modern Sonrası Çağdaş Dönem Teolojisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[An Evaluation of Post-Modern Theology of the Contemporary Period]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdulhan ÜNLÜSOY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, Tanrı, Teoloji, Modernizm, Çağdaş Dönemler]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, God, Theology, Modernism, Contemporary Periods]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;En genel anlamıyla teoloji, Tanrı hakkındaki konuşmalar olarak ifade edilir. Teolojinin konusu, Tanrı ve onunla ilgili olan her şeydir. Teoloji, bu anlamda, Tanrı-insan ilişkisi merkezli gelişen rasyonel bir gayrettir. Teoloji, Tanrı inancının rasyonel temellendirilmesi anlamında yaşanılan çağın insanının algı dünyasıyla doğrudan ilgilidir. Teolojinin felsefeyle benzeşen tanımlayıcı özelliklerinden birisi, onun zorunlu olarak kendi olasılık koşullarını bünyesinde barındırıyor oluşudur. Bu durum, onun, rasyonel zeminin dışında işleyen bir tutum olmasını gerektirmez. Elbette burada ima edilen şey, teolojinin sorularının metodik olarak aranması ve bu soruların cevaplarının kesin bir kavramsallık içinde formüle edilmesidir. Bununla birlikte teolojinin, bilimsel metodolojinin en azından biçimsel işaretlerini sergilemesi, yani bilimsel bir nitelik taşıması gerekir. Dolayısıyla teoloji, hem savunusunu yaptığı dinin otantikliğini korumalı hem de geçerli olduğu zaman dilimindeki kültür seviyesine uygun, o zaman diliminin insanına tatmin edici cevaplar sunma amacında olmalıdır. Her din, inananına, inanılması gereken esaslara niçin inanılması gerektiğini insanın rasyonel, sosyokültürel seviyesine uygun bir şekilde açıklamak zorundadır. Yani teolojinin, içinde yaşanılan kültür, toplum ve bu ikisinin hitap ettiği bireylerin rasyonel seviyeleriyle yakından ilgisi vardır. Bu makale, bu görüşten hareket ederek modern insanın bilinç durumunun hâkim olduğu modern dönemlerdeki teolojik algı ile modern sonrası çağdaş dönemlerin teolojik algısı arasındaki farkı ele almaya çalışır. Teolojik anlamda bu iki dönem arasında teolojik eğilimler açısından farklılıklar vardır. Çünkü bu iki dönem arasında birey, kültür, toplum, dünyayı ve eşyayı algılayış farkı vardır. Modern dönemlerde akıl temelli işleyen rasyonel teolojik yaklaşımların hâkim olduğu dini alanı aşındıran negatif bir tutum varken, modern sonrası dönemlerin teolojik anlayışı dine karşı daha olumsal, dini alanı nesneleştirici her tür akılsal ve politik totaliter tutumun karşısında yer alan bir eğilime sahiptir. Bu çalışma, farklı eğilimlere sahip bu iki dönemin teolojik algılarının benzerlik ve farklılıklarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In its most general sense, theology is expressed as conversations about God. The subject of theology is God and everything related to him. Theology, in this sense, is a rational effort centered on the God-human relationship. Theology is directly related to the world of perception of the people of the present age in the sense of rational justification of belief in God. One of the defining features of theology that resembles philosophy is that it necessarily contains its own conditions of possibility. This does not necessitate that it be an attitude that operates entirely outside of rational grounds. Implied thereby, of course, is that theology ought to exhibit at least some of the formal marks of any "science," including the methodical pursuit of its questions and the formulation of its answers in a precise conceptuality. Therefore, theology should both preserve the authenticity of the religion it defends and aim to provide satisfactory answers to the people of that time period in accordance with the level of culture in which it is valid. Every religion has to explain why the believer should believe the principles that should be believed, in accordance with the rational, sociocultural level of the person. In other words, theology is closely related to the culture, society and the rational levels of the individuals addressed by these two. Based on this view, this article tries to deal with the difference between the theological perception in modern times when the state of consciousness of modern humans was dominant and the theological perception of the periods that dominated the state of consciousness in post-modern contemporary periods. In theological terms, there are differences between these two periods in terms of theological tendencies. Because there is a difference in perception of the individual, culture, society, the world and things between these two periods. While there is a negative attitude that erodes the religious sphere dominated by rational theological approaches operating on the basis of reason in modern periods, the theological understanding of post-modern periods has a tendency against religion that is more contingent and opposed to all kinds of mental and political totalitarian attitudes that objectify the religious sphere. This study aims at revealing the similarities and differences of the theological perception of these two periods, which have different tendencies.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=51659</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 3[389-399]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/272</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Cumhuriyetin Kuruluş Yıllarında Türk Dini ve Kültürüne Yönelik Arayışlar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Searches for Turkish Religion and Culture in the Foundation Period of the Republic]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İsmet TUNÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Delila ELÇE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dinler Tarihi, Türk Dini, Türk Din Etnolojisi, Türk Dini Araştırmaları, Türk Kültürü, Anadolu Uygarlıkları]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Religions, Turkish Religion, Turkish Religious Ethnology, Turkish Religious Studies, Turkish Culture, Anatolian Civilizations]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Osmanlı Devleti’nin ardından Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, yeni bir toplumsal düzen inşa edilerek kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu düzenin kurulması aşamasında geçmişe dair yoğun bir dini ve kültürel arayış içine girildiği görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda Asya’nın bağlantılı olduğu bölgeler ve hatta Çin kültürü dahil geniş bir alanda Türklerin kültürel özellikleri üzerinde yoğun bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Bu bölgelerden Anadolu topraklarına olan kültürel, sosyal, dini ve diğer alanlardaki bağların tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Böylece bir yandan da Anadolu uygarlıkları ile Türkler arasında din, dil ve kültürel benzerlikler olduğu düşünülmüştür. Bundan ötürü Anadolu’da yoğun bri arkeolojik faaliyet içine girilmiştir. Özellikle Sümer ve Hitit uygarlıkları ile Türkler arasında yakınlık kurulmuş bu sayede arkeolojik kalıntıların izinde köklü bir uygarlık ve tarihe sahip olunduğu üzerine ulusal kimliğin inşası için pek çok materyal elde edimiştir. Çalışmalar doğrudan devletin destek vermesiyle sürdürülmüştür. Süreç boyunca Türklerin eski inançlarının tespitine yönelik çalışmalar oldukça ilgi çekicidir. Mevcut dini inanç ve kültürün Orta Asya kökleri, Türklerin İslamiyet’ten önce hangi inançlara sahip oldukları konusunda önemli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Mustafa Kemal de konuyla yakından ilgilenmiştir. Özellikle Şamanizmin Türklerin eski dini olarak tanıtıldığı araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Dönemin bazı aydın ve yazarları Türklerin eski dininin Şamanizm olduğunu iddia etmişlerdir. Günümüzde dahi bu konuda araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Tüm çalışma ve iddiaları değerlendiren Hikmet Tanyu, Türklerin İslamiyet’ten önce Gök Tanrı inancınına sahip olduklarını ifade etmiştir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarında Türklerin dini ve geçmiş kültürlerle olan ilişkisi üzerine özellikle arkeoloji, antropoloji, halkbilim ve dinler tarihi alanlarından çokça faydalanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada bahsedilen yaklaşımlardan hareketle alandaki arayışların bir değerlendirilmesi yapılacaktır. Çalışmanın temel amacı yeni kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde din ve kültür konusunda bir değerlendirme yapıldığının anlaşılmasıdır. Ayrıca bu konuda dini alanda bir reform isteğinin olduğu hatta bazı arayışların da gerçekleştirildiği görülmektedir. Tüm bunlarla birlikte deskriptif bir yöntemle döneme ait çalışmalar derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Türklerin geçmişlerine yönelik ilgi Müslümanlıktan önce var olan kültürel uzantıların tespit edilmesine dayanmaktadır. Sonuçta din daha çok kültürel unsurların ön planda olduğu bir olgu olarak kabul edilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;After the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey was tried to be established by building a new social order&lt;strong&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt;During the establishment of this order, it is seen that an intense religious and cultural search for the past has been entered into. In this context, an intensive study has been carried out on the cultural characteristics of the Turks in a wide area including the regions with which Asia is connected and even the Chinese culture. It is aimed to determine the cultural, social, religious and other ties from these regions to Anatolian lands. So that, on the other hand it is thought that there are religious, linguistic and cultural similarities between Anatolian civilizations and Turks. For this reason, an intense archaeological activity has been undertaken in Anatolia. In particular, a proximity has been established between the Sumerian and Hittite civilizations and the Turks, In this way many materials has been obtained for the construction of national identity on the basis of having a deep-rooted civilization and history in the traces of archaeological remains. The studies have been carried out with the direct support of the state. Through the process, studies on the determination of the old beliefs of the Turks are very interesting. There have been important studies on the Central Asian roots of current religious belief and culture, and which beliefs the Turks had before Islam. Mustafa Kemal was also closely interested in the subject. In particular, research has been conducted in which shamanism was introduced as the ancient religion of the Turks. Some intellectuals and writers of the period claimed that the old religion of the Turks was Shamanism. Even today, research is being done on this subject. Evaluating all the studies and claims, Hikmet Tanyu has stated that the Turks had the belief in the Sky God before Islam. In the first years of the Republic of Turkey, the fields of archeology, anthropology, folklore and the history of religions have been profited by a lot on the relationship of the Turks with religion and past cultures. In this study, an evaluation of the searches in the field will be made based on mentioned approaches. The main purpose of the study is to understand that an evaluation is made on religion and culture in the newly established Republic of Turkey. In addition, it is seen that there is a desire for reform in the religious field and even some searches are carried out. Along with all these, the studies of the period were examined in depth with a descriptive method. The interest in the past of the Turks is based on the identification of cultural extensions that existed before Islam. After all, religion has been accepted as a phenomenon in which cultural elements are at the forefront.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=51568</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 3[375-387]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/273</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İmam Hatip Okullarının 1965-2021 Yılları Arasındaki Öğretim Programlarının Tasarım Özellikleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Evaluation of Imam Hatip Schools' Instructional Programs in Terms of Design between the Years 1965-2021]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Macid YILMAZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[M. Veysi TUNÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, İmam Hatip Okulları, Eğitim Yaklaşımı, Öğretim Programı, Din Öğretimi Modeli]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Imam Hatip Schools, Educational Approach, Curriculum, Religious Education Model]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;21. yüzyıl bilgi toplumunda din ve eğitim konusu tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de hala önemini korumaktadır. Özellikle kuruluşu cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarına kadar dayanan ve mesleki din eğitimi faaliyetleri yürüten İmam Hatip Okulları, bu süreçte en çok tartışılan kurumlardır. Tartışma konuları çeşitli olmakla beraber bu okulların geçmişte ve bugün uyguladıkları öğretim programları, bu programların değişim seyri çoğu zaman göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında açılan İmam Hatip Okullarının 1965-2021 yılları arasındaki süreçte meslek derslerinin öğretim programlarını incelemek suretiyle bu programların genel yapıları, içerikleri, eğitim felsefesleri, eğitim yaklaşımları ve din öğretimine özgü program tasarımlarının değerlendirmelerini yapmaktır. Mesleki din eğitimi veren bu kurumların 1965 yılından itibaren takip ettiği öğretim programlarındaki değişim ve dönüşümler bu okulların din eğitimi anlayışlarını ve hedeflediği eğitim yaklaşımları açısından üzerinde durmaya değerdir. Geçmişten bugüne dünyadaki dönüşümler çerçevesinde İmam Hatip okullarındaki eğitim yaklaşımı, felsefesi ve hangi din öğretimi program tasarımının analizinin yapılması din öğretimimizin geçtiği aşamaları tespit etmek geleceğe yönelik çıkarımlara imkân tanıması açısından da önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada ele alınan bu programlar, çalışmanın son kısmında karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde incelenerek programların benzerlik ve farklılıklarına değinilmiştir. Kıyaslamalar, bölüm sonunda tablolarla belirtilmiştir. Dolayısıyla günümüz Türkiye’sinde zengin tarihe sahip bu kurumların geçmişten bugüne hangi aşamalardan geçtiğinin belirlenmesi eğitim ve din eğitimi anlayışlarının bütüncül bir bakışla 21. yy. da nasıl bir dönüşüm geçirdiğini anlamak açısından önem taşımaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Imam hatip schools, whose foundation dates back to the first years of the republic and are known for their vocational religious education activities, are the most discussed institutions in this process. Although the topics of discussion are diverse, the curricula of these schools in the past and today and the course of change of these programs has often been ignored. The aim of this study is to evaluate the general structure, content, philosophy of education, educational approaches and curriculum designs specific to religious education by determining the curriculum of the vocational courses included in Imam Hatip Schools, which were opened in the first years of the republic. In addition, these programs are examined in a comparative way and the similarities and differences of the programs are mentioned. The comparisons are indicated in the tables at the end of the section. Therefore, today's rich history with Turkey in determining whether the phases so far in the past that these institutions a holistic perspective of education and understanding of religious education in the 21st century. It is also important to understand how it has transformed. In the light of this information, the curriculum designs, educational understandings and religious education designs of the curriculum of Imam Hatip schools after 1965 are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=51415</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 3[401-420]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/274</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur’an’ın Bilimsel Îcâzı Ekseninde Büyük Patlama Teorisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Big Bang Theory in Terms of Scientific Concise Expression of the Qur’an]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mazhar DÜNDAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mazhar DÜNDAR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Kur’an, bilim, îcâz, big bang]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[interpretation, Qur’an, science, 'i'jāz, , big bang]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Kur’an, dili ve üslûbu yönündeki îcâzının yanında telif yönü, gaybî haberler vermesi, beşerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılaması, ihtiva ettiği diğer ilimler ve tabiat ilimleri gibi pek çok mucizevî bilgiyi içeren ilâhî bir kitaptır. Kur’an’da pek çok ayet ve surede ilmî ve kevnî hakikate işaret edilmiş, kozmik oluşumlarla ilgili çeşitli bilgiler sunulmuştur. İslam'ın ilk dönemlerinde ayetlerde geçen bu tür bilgilerin hakikati ve mahiyeti hususunda fikir yürütülmesi beklenemiyordu. Ancak ayetlerde bahsi geçen varlıkların ifade edilmesinin daha çok sebep ve hikmeti üzerinde durulmuştur. Kur’an’ın bu îcâz yönlerinden olan kevnî ayetlerin, modern bilimler neticesinde ortaya çıkan verilerle olan ilişkisi dikkat çekicidir. Bu kevnî ayetlerin en önemlilerinden biri, yer ve gök bitişik iken Cenâb-ı Hakk’ın büyük bir patlamayla onları ayırmasıdır. Kur’an’ın ifade ettiği bu ilmî ve mucizevî tespit, günümüzdeki ilmî verilerle uygunluk arz etmekte ve kâinatın ezeli, statik bir modelde olduğu fikrini reddetmektedir. Yine Kur’an’ın indiği dönemde bölgedeki bilgi düzeyi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, onun işaret ettiği modern bilimlere yönelik ifadelerin, bir şahsın veya topluluğun bilmesine imkân olmadığı söylenebilir. Bu zaviyeden bakıldığında Kur’an’ın, ilâhî bir kelâm olduğu ve beşer tarafından söylenmesinin mümkün olmadığı açıktır. Bununla beraber ayetlerin bilimsel tefsiri ya da bilimi öncelediği düşüncesinin ona aykırılık teşkil etmediği yaklaşımı çerçevesinde ayetlerinin yorumlanmasının doğruluğu veya yanlışlığı hususunda pek çok tartışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, bu kabil çalışmalardan biri olan “Büyük Patlama” teorisi/varsayımı ekseninde Kur’an’ın bilimsel îcâzı ele alınacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The Qur'an is a divine book that contains many miraculous information such as the direction of copyright, giving news of the unseen, meeting the needs of human beings, and other sciences and natural sciences, as well as its language and style. In many verses and suras in the Qur'an, scientific and natural truths are pointed out, and various information about cosmic formations is presented. As a matter of fact, it was not expected that opinions would be expressed about the truth and nature of such information in the verses in the early periods of Islam. However, the reason and wisdom of the expression of the beings mentioned in the verses are emphasized. The relationship between the cosmological verses called “kawni”, one of these “'i'jāz” aspects of the Qur’an, with the data that emerged as a result of modern sciences is remarkable. One of the most important of these “kawni” verses is that Allah Almighty separated them with a big bang when the earth and sky were adjacent. This scientific and miraculous determination expressed by the Qur’an is compatible with today's scientific data and refutes the idea that the universe is in an eternal, static model. In addition, considering the period when the Qur’an was sent down and the level of knowledge in the region, it can be said that the expressions regarding modern sciences indicated by it were not possible for a person or a community to say at that time. With this approach, it can be stated that the Qur’an is a divine word and it is not possible for it to be uttered by human beings. However, there are many discussions on the axis of whether the interpretation of the Qur'anic verses is correct within the framework of the view and approach that these verses of the Qur’an prioritize science, contain it, do not contradict it. In this study, the scientific “'i'jāz” of the Qur'an will be discussed in the axis of the “Big Bang” theory/assumption, which is one of these studies.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=51401</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 3[337-354]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/275</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İlkokul 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerin Çizimlerinde İyilik ve Kötülük Kavramları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Concepts of Good and Evil in the Drawings of Primary School 4th Grade Students]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[ Yasemin GÜLEÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ahlak eğitimi, iyilik kavramı, kötülük kavramı, çocuk resimleri, toplum yanlısı davranış]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Moral education, concept of good, the concept of evil, children's drawings, prosocial behavior]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu çalışmanın amacı, 4. sınıfa devam eden çocukların “iyilik ve kötülük” kavramı algılarını çizimleri yolu ile ortaya çıkarmaktır. Katılımcılar maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemiyle üç ayrı sosyo-ekonomik çevreden İstanbul İli Fatih ilçesi’nde, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı üç ayrı ilkokuldan seçildi. Araştırmaya 9-10 yaş arasında 104 kız, 82 erkek olarak toplam 186 öğrenci katıldı. 32 öğrenci düşük sosyo-ekonomik 67 öğrenci orta sosyo-ekonomik 87 öğrenci üst sosyo-ekonomik duruma sahipti. Çalışma fenomenolojik araştırma yöntemi ile tasarlanmış, resimler ve resimler hakkındaki görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda üç ana kategori ve on üç tema ortaya çıktı. Örneklemde en yaygın kategori “iyilik kavramı”,  ikincisi “kötülük kavramı”  ve üçüncüsü “ iyilik-kötülük kavramına bütünsel bakış” kategorisidir. Örneklerimin tümünde en yaygın tema “toplumda iyilik” temasıdır. Burada çocuklar iyilik kavramını toplum tarafından ahlaka uygun olarak kabul edilen toplum yanlısı davranışlarla (prosocial behavior) açıkladılar.  Olumlu “arkadaşlık ilişkileri” ve “yardım etme” davranışları en çok ifade edilen toplum yanlısı davranışlardı. Yardım etme davranışında yine en çok “arkadaşlık ilişkileri” ile ilgili temalar vardı. İkinci olarak en çok “yaşlılara yardım etme” davranışından bahsedildi. “Toplumda kötülük” teması, “toplumda iyilik” temasından sonra örneklemde en çok tekrar edilen temaydı. Burada çocuklar kötülük kavramını toplum tarafından ahlaka uygun olarak görülmeyen toplum yanlısı olmayan (non-prosocial behavior) davranışlar veya anti-sosyal davranışlarla açıkladılar. Toplum yanlısı olmayan ve anti-sosyal davranışlar olarak en çok olumsuz “arkadaşlık ilişkilerinden” bahsedildi. “İyilik-kötülük kavramına bütünsel bakış” kategorisindeki temalardaki çizimlerde çocuklar, iyilik ve kötülük kavramını bütünsel bir bakışla ele aldılar. Çocuklar iyi ve kötü davranışlarda bulunmanın sonuçlarını, salt itaat ahlakına dayalı ödül-ceza anlayışla açıklamaktan öte, genel anlamda bireysel, toplumsal ve çevresel açıdan ödül-ceza anlayışı ile ifade ettiler. Bu çalışma için Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi etik kurulundan 14.04.2021 tarih ve 2100016470 sayılı izin alındı.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This study aims to reveal the perceptions of the concept of "good and evil" of children who attend the 4th grade through their drawings. Participants were selected from three different socio-economic environments from three different primary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the Fatih district of Istanbul Province with the maximum variation sampling method. A total of 186 students, 104 females and 82 males, aged between 9-10 years participated in the study. 32 students had low socio-economic status, 67 students middle, 87 students had high socioeconomic status. The study was designed with a phenomenological research method, and the data obtained from the drawings and the interviews about drawings were analyzed with content analysis. As a result of the analysis, three main categories and thirteen themes emerged. The most common category in the sample was "the concept of good", the second was "the concept of evil" and the third was "a holistic view of the concept of good and evil". The most common theme in the sample was the theme of "good in society." In this theme, children explained the concept of good with pro-social behavior which is accepted as moral by society. Positive "friendship relations" and "helping" behaviors were the most expressed pro-social behaviors. Again, in helping behavior, there were themes mostly related to "friendship relations." Secondly, "helping the elderly" behavior was mostly mentioned. The theme of "evil in society" was the most frequently recurring theme in the sample, after the theme of "good in society." The children explained the concept of "evil in society" with non-prosocial behaviors or anti-social behaviors that are not considered moral by society. Negative “friendship relations” were the most frequently mentioned as non-prosocial and anti-social behavior. Children understood the concepts of good and evil from a holistic perspective in the drawings in the themes in the category of "Holistic view of the concept of good and evil." Beyond explaining the consequences of doing good and bad behavior with an understanding of reward-punishment based solely on the morality of obedience, the children generally expressed their individual, social and environmental reward-punishment understanding. For this study, permission was obtained from the ethics committee of Hacı Bektaş Veli University, dated 14.04.2021 and numbered 2100016470. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=51191</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 2[279-304]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/276</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Bir Hukuk Dili Olarak Fıkıh Usûlü’nde Sarîh ve Kinâye]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Explicit and Allegory in Usul al Fıqh As a Language of Law]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Şükrü AYRAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Hukuku, Hukuk, Fıkıh Usulü, Sarîh, Kinâye, Dil]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Law, Law, Usul al Fiqh, Explicit, Allegory, Language]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Fıkıh, zaman ve mekân gibi birçok kayıt ve nispetlerle çevrili insanın bütün kayıtlardan ve nispetlerden aşkın varlığın haberi olan vahyi elden geldiğince anlayıp kavraması ve hayatını ona göre düzene koymasıdır. Vahyi indiren makam (taht), onun indiği mekân ve bu mekânın dili göz önünde bulundurulduğunda sarîh ve kinâyî anlatım yerine göre bir ihtiyaçken yerine göre bir sanat ve yerine göre de her ikisidir. Zatı itibarıyla mutlak hakikati temsil eden vahiy, kullandığı dilde doğrudan anlatımdan daha çok imgesel anlatımı tercih etmiştir. Dilin yaşayan bir somut gerçeklik olması, hem vahyin inme sürecinde hem de sonraki aşamalarda Arap Dili söz varlığındaki açık lafızların birçoğunun örtük hale gelmesiyle ve örtük olanların da açık hale gelmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Zaten insan da meramını ve düşüncesini içinde sarîh veya kinâyî lafızlar kullanarak kurgulayabilir.  Biz bu çalışmada istisnasız her dilin bir gerçeği olan sarîh (açık) ve kinâyeyi (örtük) anlatımı fıkıh usulündeki yerini ve önemini ele alacağız. Bu bağlamda öncelikle Arap dilinde sarîh ve kinâyenin yeri, önemi ve işlevine değindikten sonra bunun hukuk dilinde aldığı şekli ve hukukta gördüğü işlevi çeşitli hukuki örneklerle ortaya koymaya çalışacağız. Sunumuzda elden geldiğince Arap Dili, dilbilim, fıkıh usulü ve füru fıkıh çalışmalarından mukayeseli bir biçimde yararlanacağız. Sonuç kısmında ulaştığımız verilerin günümüz dilbilim ve hukuk çalışmalarına yapabileceği muhtemel katkılarını açığa çıkarmaya çalışacağız.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Fiqh is to understand and comprehend the revelation, which is the knowledge of the transcendent existence from all records and proportions of people surrounded by many records and proportions such as time and place, and to arrange their life accordingly. Considering the place where the revelation was sent down and the language of this space, it is a need according to the place of explicit and implicit expression, while it is an art according to its place and both. Representing absolute truth in its essence, revelation preferred imaginary expression rather than direct expression in its language. The fact that language is a living concrete reality has resulted in the fact that many of the open words of the Arabic language vocabulary become implicit and the implicit ones become open both in the course of revelation and later stages. Besides, people can construct their purpose and thoughts by using explicive or allegorical phrases.  In this study, we will discuss the place and importance of explicit and allegory expression, which is a reality of every language without exception, in fiqh method. In this context, after mentioning the place, importance and function of explicit and allegory in Arabic language, we will try to reveal the form it takes in legal language and its function in law with various legal examples. In our presentation, we will make use of the works of Arabic Language, linguistics, usul al fiqh and furu al fiqh in a comparative manner. In the conclusion part, we will try to reveal the possible contributions of the data we have reached to today’s linguistics and legal studies.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=50748</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 2[265-277]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/277</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ergenlik Çağındaki Öğrencilerde Değerler Sisteminin Oluşum Ortamı Olarak Aile ve Okul]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Family and School as the Environment of Value Formation in Adolescent Students]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Alim Emin YUSUFOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Değerler Eğitimi, Değerler Sistemi, Aile, Okul, Öğrenci]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Values Education, Value Creation, Family, School, Student]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bireyin gelişimi ve değerler sisteminin oluşumu konusu her zaman önemini korumaktadır. Bilimsel ve pedagojik literatürde, değerler sisteminin oluşumu kavramıyla, bireyde olumlu nitelikler geliştirmeyi amaçlayan çabalar, gayretler ve eylemler anlaşılmaktadır. Genellikle değerler sistemindeki temel nitelikler iyi ahlâk, insanseverlik, disiplin, merhamet, hoşgörü, dürüstlük, yardımlaşma, çalışkanlık, sorumluluk vb. niteliklerdir. Aslında, değerler sisteminin oluşumu, bireyin yaşamında ihtiyaç duyduğu davranış, değer, bilgi ve inanç normları ile ahlaki, manevi ve milli normları öğrendiği ve içselleştirdiği bir süreçtir. Bu görevin gerçekleştirilmesinde, değerler eğitimin ana kurumları olan aile ve okul arasındaki yakın işbirliğine özel önem verilmektedir. Günümüzde zor koşullar altında gelişimini sürdüren toplumda genç neslin değerler sisteminin oluşumu sorunu giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Toplumun gelişiminin şu döneminde, okul ve ailenin temel görevlerinden biri, genç nesilde bir değerler sisteminin oluşturulması, doğru ahlaki, dini ve manevi normların geliştirilmesidir. Ancak günümüzde öğrencilerin değerler sisteminin oluşumunda okul ve aile arasındaki işbirliği halâ yetersiz kalmaya devam etmektedir. Konunun ehemmiyeti ve yeni bilimsel araştırmalara duyulan ihtiyaç, bu çalışmanın seçimini ve amacını belirlemiştir. Araştırmada dokümantasyon metoduna bağlı olarak literatür incelemesi yapılmış, konuyla ilgili Rusça çalışmalardan istifade edilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, aile ve okul ortamında ergenlerde değerler sisteminin oluşturulması konusunu teorik boyutuyla ele almak, ergenlerde değerler sisteminin oluşumunun özelliklerini incelemek, okul ve aile arasındaki işbirliği sürecinde ergenlik çağındaki öğrencilere yönelik değerler eğitiminin yapılması konusunu değerlendirmektir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The issue of the development of the individual and the formation of value system ​​has always been of great importance. In literature, the concept of value formation means the efforts, struggles and actions that aim to develop positive qualities in the individual. The basic qualities in the value system are such qualities as high morality, ethics, humanity, discipline, compassion, tolerance, honesty, cooperation, diligence, responsibility.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;In fact, the formation of the value system is a process in which the individual learns and internalizes not only the norms of behavior, values, knowledge and beliefs and moral but also they spiritual norms that he needs throughout his life. For this task to be accomplished, special attention is attached to the close cooperation between family and school, which are the main institutions of values education. Today, in society, the problem of the formation of the value system of the young generation, which continues its development under difficult conditions, becomes increasingly important. At this stage of the development of the society, one of the main tasks of the school and the family is to establish a system of values ​​in the young generation and to develop the correct moral, religious and spiritual norms. However, the cooperation between the school and the family still remains insufficient in the formation of the students' value system. The importance of the subject and the need for new scientific research determined the selection and purpose of this study. In the research, through the documentation method, literature review was made, and the Russian studies on the subject were scanned and benefited. The main purpose of the study is to theoretically examine the issue of establishing a value system in adolescents in the family and school environment. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=50711</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 3[435-457]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/278</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Güzellik ve Hakikat: Bir Kant ve Heidegger Buluşması]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Beauty and Truth: A Meeting of Kant and Heidegger ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Fatih ÜNAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed Yasin BAĞCI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Felsefe, Sanat, Kant, Heidegger, Güzellik, Hakikat, Deha, Sanatçı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy, Art, Kant, Heidegger, Beauty, Truth, Genius, Artist]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Platon ve Aristoteles'ten beri tartışılagelen Güzel’in İyi ve Hakikat’le ilişkisi Aydınlanma döneminde Kant’ta, çağdaş felsefede ise Heidegger’de farklı biçimlerde tekrar ele alınır. Estetiğin bir bilim olarak ortaya konulması çabalarının ortaya çıktığı dönemde Kant, pozitif bir estetik anlayışa karşı çıkarak, estetiğin güzele ilişkin beğeni yargılarından oluştuğunu söyler. Ona göre estetik yargılar belirleyici bilgi yargılarından farklı bir yapıdadırlar. Bu türden yargıları refleksif yargı olarak ifade eden Kant, bir doğa nesnesine ya da bir sanat eserine güzel derken, herhangi bir yargıdan yola çıkılmadığını, kavramsız ve çıkarsız bir hazzın anlama yetisi ile hayal gücünün özgür oyununda şekillenen öznel bir yargı olduğunu ifade eder. Kant, bu refleksif yargıları, saf akıl ile pratik akıl arasında bir köprü olarak konumlar. Doğa güzelliğinin, sanatta da ortaya konabilmesinin imkanı olan Deha ise, esere, doğanın yasalılığını ve ereksiz erekselliğini taşıyabilmesi bakımından özel bir konuma sahiptir. Heidegger için ise Varlık ile varolan arasındaki ilişkinin bir benzeri Sanat ile sanat eseri arasında vardır. Ona göre sanat, dünya ile yeryüzü arasındaki yırtıkta hakikatin belirmesinin ve gizin açığa çıkmasının imkanlarından biridir. Heidegger tüm enerjisini klasik Batı metafiziğinin düşünme tarzıyla yarattığını iddia ettiği bu hakikat krizini çözmeye harcamıştır. Ona göre sanat, sanatçı ve sanat eseri ilişkisinin imkanını sunan bir zemin olarak bu krizden kurtulmanın yollarından biridir. Heidegger için hakikatin perdesinin kalktığı anlardan biri sanat eserinin bizatihi kendisidir. Sanat eseri, batı düşünce geleneğinin kulak verme’yi unuttuğu Varlığın çağrısı’nın işitilebildiği bir istasyondur. Heidegger için sanattaki yaratım ise, Varlığın bir veçhesi olan güzel’i de ifşa edecek biçimde varolan'ın hakikatinin ‘ortaya çıkarılması’ anlamında bir yaratımdır. Bu çalışmada, Kant ve Heidegger'in sanat eserinde görmeye çalıştıkları güzellik ve hakikat ilişkisi ortaya konularak, bir değerlendirme yapılmak istenmiştir. Kant’ın &lt;em&gt;Yargı Yetisinin Eleştirisi&lt;/em&gt;, Heidegger’in ise &lt;em&gt;Sanat Eserinin Kökeni&lt;/em&gt; isimli eserleri merkeze alınarak yapılan analiz neticesinde, Heidegger düşüncesindeki Kantçı esinlere ulaşılmıştır. Bu noktalar tespit edilmekle beraber filozofların nihai düşüncelerindeki kökensel farklılıkların ise, insan anlayışlarındaki farklılıktan kaynaklandığı sonucunu çıkarmak yanlış olmayacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The relationship of Beautiful with Good and Truth, which has been debated since Plato and Aristotle,  is re-examined in different ways in Kant in the Enlightenment period and in Heidegger in contemporary philosophy. At the time when the efforts to present aesthetics as a science emerged, Kant opposed a positive aesthetic understanding and said that aesthetics consisted of judgments of taste regarding beauty. According to him, aesthetic judgments have a different structure than determining knowledge judgments. Expressing these kinds of judgments as reflexive judgment, Kant states that when he calls an object of nature or a work of art beautiful, it is not based on any judgment; it is a subjective judgment that is shaped by the ability to understand a conceptless and disinterested pleasure and the free play of imagination. Kant positions these reflexive judgments as a bridge between pure mind and practical mind. Genius, which is the possibility of demonstrating the beauty of nature in art, has a special position in terms of carrying the legality and purposeless purposelessness of nature to the work. For Heidegger, on the other hand, a similar relationship between Being and being exists between art and work of art. According to him, art is one of the possibilities for the truth to emerge and the secret to be revealed in the rupture between the world and the earth. Heidegger devoted all his energies to resolving this crisis of truth, which was created by the way of thinking of classical western metaphysics as he claims. According to him, art is one of the ways to get rid of this crisis as a ground that offers the possibility of the relationship between artist and art work. One of the moments when the veil of truth lifts for Heidegger is the work of art itself. It is a station which the Western tradition of thought forgets to listen, and where the call of the Being can be heard. For Heidegger, creation in art is a creation in the sense of ‘revealing’ the truth of the being, revealing the beauty, which is an aspect of Being. In this study, it is aimed to make an evaluation by revealing the relationship between beauty and truth that Kant and Heidegger try to see in the work of art. As a result of the analysis made by taking Kant’s the &lt;em&gt;Critique of Judgment&lt;/em&gt; and Heidegger's the &lt;em&gt;Origin of the Work of Art&lt;/em&gt; into the center, Kantian inspirations in Heidegger’s thought were reached. Despite these points, it would not be wrong to conclude that the original differences in the final thoughts of the philosophers stem from the differences in their understanding of human.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49796</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 2[245-264]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/279</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sivil Din Tartışmaları ve İslamcılık]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Civil Religion Debates and Islamism]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yılmaz CEYLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sosyoloji, din, sivil din, modernleşme, İslamcılık]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology, religion, civil religion, modernization, Islamism.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Modern dünyanın gelenekten farklı olarak kendine yeni alanlar oluşturduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bunu sadece bir alana has addetmek ya da bir alanla sınırlamak mümkün değildir. Modernleşme ekonomik, siyasal, kültürel ve toplumsal pek çok alanda değişim ve dönüşüme öncülük etmiştir. Bu değişimin özellikle muhafazakâr ideoloji açısından en kırılgan nokta olan din konusunda olduğu söylenebilir. Çünkü geleneğin dayandığı en önemli özellik değişimin uzun soluklu olması ya da hiç olmaması yönündeyken modernleşmeninkininse hızlı değişim olabileceği ifade edilebilir. Modernleşmenin getirdiği devrimci değişimler bazen geleneğin tamamen inkârı bazen de bir unsurun dönüştürülüp sisteme entegre edilmesi şeklinde sonuçlanmıştır. Din olgusu için de bunun geçerli olduğu bazı alanların oluştuğunu söylemek mümkündür. Özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra klasik modernleşmenin hedeflediği   gibi dinler önemini kaybetmemiş, bilakis dünya üzerinde pek çok insan dine yönelmiştir. Ancak modern dünyanın içinde yer bulan “din”le geleneksel “din”in farklı olduğunu belirtmek gerekir. Modernleşmenin geleneğin “din”inini tamamen ortadan kaldırmadığı fakat onu dönüştürüp yeni sisteme uyumlu bir “sivil din” oluşturduğu iddia edilebilir. Bunun İslam dünyasındaki örneği daha çok ideolojik ve politik özellikleriyle ortaya çıkan İslamcılık gibi görünmektedir. Modernleşme, Batı ve sömürgeciliğe muhalif bir kurtuluş teorisi olarak tezahür eden İslamcılık, değişen koşullar karşısında yeni versiyonlara bürünerek varlığını devam ettirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın konusu İslamcılık tartışmalarıyla “sivil din” teorisini birlikte okumaya çalışmaktır. İslamcılığın geldiği son durumda “sivil din” ile hemhal olduğu, çalışmanın genel neticesi olarak okunabilir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The revolutionary changes brought about by modernization have sometimes resulted in the complete denial of tradition, and sometimes an element transformed and integrated into the system. It is possible to say that some areas where this is valid for the phenomenon of religion got formed. Especially after the Second World War, religions did not lose their importance as the classical modernization aimed, on the contrary, lots of people in the world turned to religion. However, it should be mentioned that the "religion" which took place in the modern world and the traditional "religion" are different. It can be argued that modernization did not completely eliminate the "religion" of tradition, but transformed it into a "civil religion" compatible with the new system. The example of this in the Islamic world seems to be Islamism emerging particularly with its ideological and political features. Islamism, which occurred as a liberation theory against modernization, the West and colonialism, continued its existence by taking on new versions with the changing conditions. The subject of this study is to try to read thearguments on Islamism and the theory of "civil religion" together. It can be read as the general conclusion of the study that Islamism is in the same state with "civil religion" in the last form it has gotten.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49787</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[  137-156 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/280</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Modern Tunus Edebiyatında Mahmûd el-Mes‘adî ve Ekolü]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Mahmoud al-Mes‘adî and His School in Modern Tunisian Literature]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Turgay GÖKGÖZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Modern Tunus Edebiyatı, Mahmûd el-Mes‘adî, Arap Edebiyatı.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Modern Tunisian Literature, Mahmûd el-Mes‘adî, Arabic Literature.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Fransız işgali nedeniyle Nahda hareketi bağlamında gelişimini geç tamamlayan Mağrip ülkelerinden birisi de Tunus’tur. Tunus’ta kısa öykü, bu türün en önemli temsilcisi olan Ali ed-Dû‘âcî sayesinde gelişmiş ve ed-Dû‘âcî’nin sahip olduğu ekol sonraki nesli de etkilemiştir. Roman türünde ise Tunus’ta Beşîr el-Hurayyif ön plana çıkmış ve &lt;em&gt;ed-Dikla fî ‘Aracînihâ &lt;/em&gt;adlı romanı, XX. yüzyılda kaleme alınan en iyi yüz Arap romanı arasında yer almıştır. Tunus her ne kadar Afrika’nın küçük bir ülkesi konumunda olsa da üretilen edebi ürünlerin kalitesi sayesinde günümüzde Arap edebiyatının önemli bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Nitekim 1930 ve 1940’lı yıllarda başkent Tunus’ta yer alan &lt;em&gt;Cemâ‘a tahte’s-Sûr &lt;/em&gt;adlı edebi mahfil, ilgili dönemde edebiyatçıların ve sanatçıların uğrak noktası haline gelerek edebiyatın gelişmesi hususunda katkıda bulunmuştur. İlgili dönemde Muhammed Beşrûş tarafından çıkarılan &lt;em&gt;el-Mebâhis &lt;/em&gt;Dergisi ve Muhammed el-Mezâlî tarafından çıkarılan &lt;em&gt;el-Fikr &lt;/em&gt;Dergisi’nin Tunus’un edebi bağlamda gelişiminde önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. XX. yüzyıl modern Tunus edebiyatının en önemli isimlerinden birisi de Mahmûd el-Mes‘adî’dir. Mahmûd el-Mes‘adî, 1930 ve 1940’lı yıllarda kaleme almış olduğu eserlerle, bağımsızlık sonrasında yeni kurulan devletin içerisinde önemli mevkilerde bulunması ve Tunus eğitim sisteminde meydana getirdiği yeniliklerle ülkesinde oldukça ses getirmiştir. Müellifin, felsefi ve metafiziksel içeriğe sahip olan eserlerinin konusu çoğunlukla varlık felsefesini ve el-Mes‘adî’nin kendisinin oluşturmuş olduğu bir ekolü simgeler. Bu bağlamda el-Mes‘adî, çalışmalarının anlaşılması hususunda başkarakterleri insanlar arasından seçip bir nebze de olsa eseri somut bir hale getirmeye çalışır. Müellifin &lt;em&gt;es-Sudd &lt;/em&gt;adlı eserine yönelik olarak Mısırlı eleştirmen Tâhâ Huseyin’in eleştirisi ve el-Mes‘adî’nin de söz konusu eleştiriye karşılık vermesi el-Mes‘adî’nin çalışmalarını daha da dikkat çekici bir hale getirmiştir. el-Mes‘adî’nin çalışmalarında klasik bir dile yer vermesi, el-İsfahânî ve et-Tevhîdî gibi klasik Arapçanın önemli isimlerinden ve Jean-Paul Sartre gibi Batılı filozoflardan etkilenmesi ile kendisine yönelik bir ekole sahip olmuştur. İlgili bu çalışmada müellifin hayatına, eserlerine, edebi kişiliğine ve Tunus edebiyatının diğer müelliflerinden ayrılan yönlerine değinilmeye çalışılacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Tunisia is one of the Maghreb countries that completed its development late in the context of the Nahda movement due to the French occupation. The short story genre in Tunisia was developed thanks to Ali Douagi, the most important representative of this genre, and the school of Douagi affected the next generation. In the novel genre, al-Bashîr Khurayyif came to the fore in Tunisia and his novel named &lt;em&gt;al-Digla fî Aracînihâ&lt;/em&gt;. It was among the best hundred Arab novels written in the 20th century. Although Tunisia is a small country in Africa, it has become an important part of Arabic literature today thanks to the quality of the literary products produced. As a matter of fact, in the 1930s and 1940s, &lt;em&gt;Taht Essour&lt;/em&gt;, which was located in the capital of Tunisia, became a frequent destination for the literary figures and artists of the relevant period and contributed to the development of literature. In the relevant period, &lt;em&gt;al-Mebâhis &lt;/em&gt;Magazine published by Mohamad Beshrûsh and &lt;em&gt;al-Fikr &lt;/em&gt;Magazine published by Mohamad al-Mezâlî have an important role in the literary development of Tunisia. One of the most important names of 20th century modern Tunisian literature is Mahmoud al-Mas‘adî. Mahmoud al-Mas‘adî made a great impression in his country with the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s, his position in the newly established state after independence and the innovations he made in the Tunisian education system. The subject of the author’s works, which have a philosophical and metaphysical content, mostly symbolizes the philosophy of existence and a school created by al-Mas‘adî himself. In this context, al-Mas‘adî chooses the main characters among the people in terms of understanding his works and tries to make the work concrete, even if a little. The criticism of the Egyptian critic Tâhâ Hussein and the response of al-Mas‘adî to the work of the author &lt;em&gt;al-Sadd &lt;/em&gt;made the work of al-Mas‘adî even more remarkable. Al-Mas‘adî’s emphasis on a classical language in his works, influenced by important names of classical Arabic such as al-Isfahânî and et-Tawhîdî and Western philosophers such as Sartre, has created a school for him. In this related study, the life of the author, his works, his literary personality and aspects of Tunisian literature that differ from other authors will be touched upon.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49474</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[215-229]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/281</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur’an Ayetleri Bağlamında Mehmet Akif’in Marifet ve Fazilet Temelli Terakki İdeali]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Progress Ideal of Mehmet Akif Based on Ingenuity and Virtuein the Context of the Verses of the Qur’an]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ayşe Betül ORUÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Kur’an, Mehmet Akif, terakki, marifet, fazilet.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Qur’an, Mehmet Akif, progress, ingenuity, virtue.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Osmanlı’nın son dönemlerinde yaşamış, düşünce tarihimize tesir eden önemli bir mütefekkirdir. Onun içinde yaşadığı coğrafya ve mensubu bulunduğu toplum, son birkaç asırdır sancılı bir süreçten geçmektedir. Akif’in hassas ve içli yapısı, döneminin sorunlarıyla yakından ilgilenmesini ve problemlere çözüm bulmak için çalışmasını sağlamıştır. Onun bu çabası esnasında temel dayanağı Kur’an’dır. Klasik anlamda bir müfessir olmasa da Kur’an’a hâkimiyeti, Kur’an’ı merkeze alan söylemi kendi çağdaşları arasında müstesna bir yer işgal etmesine vesile olmaktadır. Akif, çağdaşı olan birçok düşünürden bu bakımdan ayrılmaktadır. Toplumsal hayatta tespit ettiği sorunlar ve bu sorunlara dair çözümleri önem kazanmaktadır. Müslüman toplumların din adına ortaya koydukları yanlış uygulamalar, dünya hayatının gerektirdiği çalışma ve azimden uzak halleri, ahlaki konularda yaşanan yozlaşmalar Akif’in tespit ettiği temel problemlerdir. Bu problemlerin halledilmesi ile toplumsal terakkinin mümkün olacağı kanaatindedir. Ona göre Müslüman toplumların asırlardır sahip oldukları yüksek mevkiye yeniden ulaşabilmeleri için hem ilim, fen ve sanat alanında hem de ahlaki erdemleri kazanma noktasında düzenlemelerin yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma Mehmet Akif’in gerek şiir gerekse düz yazılarından istifade ederek toplumsal terakkiyi gerçekleştirmek üzere tespit ettiği iki önemli alanı, marifet ve fazilet konularındaki sorunları, ortaya koymaktadır. Akif’in Kur’an’dan ilhamla gösterdiği çözüm yollarını beyan ederek düşünürün günümüze de yol gösterecek terakki ideali beyan edilmeye çalışılacaktır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Mehmet Akif Ersoy is an important thinker living in the last period of the Ottoman Empire and influenced our history of thought. The geography he lived in and the society he belonged to had been going through a painful process for the last few centuries. His sensitive and intimate nature enabled him to closely deal with the problems of his time and to work to find solutions to problems. During his effort, the main basis was the Qur’an. Although he is not an interpreter in the classical sense, his domination of the Qur’an and his discourse that puts the Qur’an in the center causes him to occupy an exceptional place among his contemporaries. Akif differs from many contemporary thinkers in this respect. The problems it detects in social life and the solutions for these problems gain importance. The main problems identified by Akif are the wrong practices of Muslim societies in the name of religion, their state of being far from the work and determination required by the worldly life, and the corruption in moral issues. He was of the opinion that social progress will be possible by solving these problems. According to him, in order for Muslim societies to reach the high position they had held for centuries, arrangements should be made both in the field of science and art and at the point of gaining moral virtues. This study reveals the two important areas that Mehmet Akif identified in order to realize social progress by benefiting from his poems and proses, the problems of ingenuity and merit. By stating the solutions that Akif showed with inspiration from the Qur’an, it will be attempted to declare the progress ideal of the thinker that will guide the present day.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49438</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[  57-69 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/282</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tefsirde İsrâiliyat Tartışmaları: Mukâtil b. Süleyman ile Muhammed Âbid el-Câbirî Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Israeliyat Discussions in Tafsir: Example of Muqatil b. Sulaiman and Mohammad Abid al-Jabiri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed Hayri ŞAHİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, İsrâiliyat, Mukâtil, Câbirî, erken, çağdaş.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Israiliyat, Muqatil, Jabiri, early, contemporary.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Kur'an-ı Kerim nüzulünden kıyamete kadar her asra, o asrın gerçekleriyle hitap etme kabiliyetine sahiptir. Ancak Kur'an’ın sahip olduğu bu muhteşem potansiyel günümüze kadar müfessirlerin gayretleriyle gözler önüne serilmiştir. Bu bağlamda telif edilmiş olan onlarca rivayet ve dirayet tefsiri mevcuttur. Müfessirler Kur’an ayetlerini yorumlarken birçok veriyle birlikte Ehl-i kitaptan gelen rivayetleri de kullanmışlardır. Ehl-i kitaptan alınan bu bilgi ve rivayetlerin değerlendirilme usulü müfessirler arasında farklılık göstermiştir. Kur’anî bilgilerin İsrâilî rivayetler çerçevesinde ele alınmasının tarihi seyir içerisinde uğramış olduğu muhtemel farklılıkların tespit ve değerlendirilmesi, elimizdeki ilk tam tefsir çalışması bulunan Mukâtil b. Süleyman (ö.150/767) ve modern dönem müfessirlerinden Muhammed Âbid el-Câbirî’nin (1936-2010) eserlerinin mukayesesi çerçevesinde ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma ilk ve son dönemi temsil eden bu iki mühim eser örneğinde tefsir tarihinin en erken döneminden günümüze geldiğimizde müfessirlerin Kur'an’ın bu anlamsal boşluklarını doldurmak için İsrâilî rivayetler karşısındaki reflekslerinde değişkenlerin ve sabitelerin olup olmadığını problem edinmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı ise erken dönem tefsirlerinde var olan İsrâilî rivayetleri okuma yöntemlerine alternatif sunmak, bu rivayetlere karşı çağdaş tefsirlerin reflekslerini ortaya koymak ve değerlendirmek ve bu alanda yapılacak tefsir araştırmalarına katkı sağlamaktır. Sonuçta İsrâiliyat, Mukâtil’de bir tefsir yöntemi olarak kullanılmasıyla birlikte erken dönemin kültürünü, aklını ve paradigmasını yansıtması açısından önemli bir değere sahiptir. Buna karşılık mezkûr rivayetler Câbirî’de ise yerini daha dar kapsamlı ve fakat akademik bir formatta Kitab-ı Mukaddes’ten doğrudan alıntı yapmak suretiyle Kur'an kıssalarını birlikte okumaya bırakmıştır. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Qur’an has been having talent of discourse with its reality of that century, every century from its revelation to the doomsday. However this wonderful potential that Qur’an has, has appeared with interpreters’ effort until today. In this context there are tens of narrative and commentary tafsirs that have been copyrighted. Interpreters used narrations from the people of the book along with many data when interpreting the verses of the Qur’an. The method of evaluating these infaromation and narrations taken from the people of the book differed among the interpreters. The identification and consideration of possible differences in the historical of handling Qur’anic information within the framework of israeli narrations were attempted to be considered within the framework of the compression of the works of Muqatil b. Sulaiman and Mohammad Abid al-Jabiri, one of the interpreters of the modern period, which is the first complete tafsir work we have. In these two important works represeting the first and last period this study has made problem of whether there are variables and constants in the reflexes of the interpreters against the Israili narrations to fill these semantic gaps of the Qur’an from the early period of the history of tafsir to the present. The aim of study is offering an alternative to reading methods the Israeli narrations that exist in early tafsirs, to revealing and evaluating the reflexes of contemporary tafsirs and contributing the tafsir studies that will be doing in this field. In the end the Israeliyat that associated with be used as a tafsir method, has had important value in the terms of representing early tafsir’s culture, mind and paradigm. On the contrary the aforesaid narrations has left its place to read the Quran stories together thereby quoting by directly from the Holly Bible in an narrower not but what academic formate.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49415</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[  85-101 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/283</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Va’d, Va’id Âyetlerindeki Ma'rife ve Nekranın Dilbilimsel Analizi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Linguistic Analysis of Definite Article (Ma'rife) and Indefinite Article (Nekra)  in Reward(Va'd), Penal (Va'id) Verses]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Bekir YILDIRIM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Belağat, Kur’ân, Lafız, Ma’rife, Nekra, Va’d, Va’id.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Rhetoric, Quran, definite article (ma’rife), ındefinite article (nekra), reward (va'd), penal (va'id).]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Arapçada isimlerin hallerinden biride ma’rife ve nekra olmasıdır. İkiside farklı mânalara delâlet ettiği gibi ayrıca bir üslûp çeşidi olarak da karşımıza çıkmaktadır.  Va’d, va’id âyetlerinde bazı sözcüklerin ma’rife, bir kısmının ise nekra kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca aynı kelimenin hem ma’rife hem de nekra kullanımı da mevcuttur. Örneğin, âhiretteki mükâfata işaret eden “أَلفَوْزُ/فَوْزٌ” ve cehennem ateşine delalet eden “النَّارُ/نَارٌ” sözcükleri ve cehennem azabını ifade eden “عذاب/العذاب” kelimeleridir. Âyetlerde “اَلْ” ile ma’rifelik,’ahdiyye ve cinsiyyeye delâlet etmektedir. Âhirette müşahade edilecek  “الْجَنَّةِ/النَّارَ/العذاب”  gibi lafızlar, insanlar tarafından dünyada görülmemesine rağmen daha önce nazil olan sûrelerde bu sözcüklerle bilgi verilmesi nedeniyle bazı yerlerde ma’rife çeşitlerinden’ahdu’z-zihnî olarak gelmektedir. Cinsiyyeye delalet eden sözcükler, cinsin bütün fertlerini veya ona ait bütün özellikleri kapsadığı gibi bir kısım âyetlerde hasr da ifade edebilmektedir. Cinsiyyeye delalet eden kelimelerin, türün bütün fertlerini kapsaması kelimenin çoğul olması, istisna edatı veya Kur’ân’ın başka âyetiyle anlaşılmaktadır. Ma’rife lafzın, cinse ait bütün özellikleri kapsaması ve hasr ifade etmesi lafzın cümlede haber olduğu durumlarda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Âyetlerde lafızların nekra gelmesi, bir cins veya türe işaret, ta’zîm, azlık, tahkîri içerebilmektedir. Zikredilen bu manalardan hangisinin kastedildiği genellikle ayetin bağlamından veya sözcüğün anlamından anlaşılmaktadır. Bu makalede âyetlerde geçen ma’rife ve nekra lafızların belağat açısından ifade ettiği anlam farkı ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca aynı sözcüğün niçin iki üslupla da kullanıldığı Kur’ân’dan örneklerle gösterilecektir. Konunun bölümlerinden birinin aynı lafzın hem ma’rife hem de nekra kullanımı olması hasebiyle ma’rifelik çeşitlerinden sadece “اَلْ” takısıyla gerçekleşen ma’rifelik türü üzerinde durulacaktır.                                                                                           &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;One of the states of names in Arabic is definite article (ma’rife) and indefinite article (nekra). They both signify different meanings and also appear as a type of style It is seen that some words are used definite article ma’rife and some of them are used as indefinite article (nekra) in verses that define the hereafter. In addition, the same word has both using of definite article (ma’rife) and indefinite article (nekra). For example, the words pointing to reward in the hereafter "أَلفَوْزُ / فَوْزٌ" and signifying hellfire "النُارُ / نَارٌ" and "عذاب / العذاب" expressing the torment of Hell. "اَلْ" ma’rife in verses, indicates known and kind. Words such as الْجَنَّةِ” “النَّارَ” “العذاب are not seen in the world by people, but they come from the types of ma’rife as el-’ahdu’z-zihnî because they were given information with these words in previous suras.. The words indicating the genus include all individuals and all their characteristics, as well as expressing reference (hasr) in some verses. It is understood that the words indicating geneus (cinsiyye)  include all members of the species, being plural, the preposition of exception, or another verse of the Quran. The word Ma'rife includes all the characteristics of the genus and expresses hasr, which occurs when the word is predicate. The indefinite article of words in the verses may include signs of a genus or species, exaltation, abundance, lessness, mockery. Which of these meanings is meant is understood from the context of the verse. In this article, the difference in meaning of definite article (ma’rife) and indefinite article (nekra) in terms of eloquence will be tried to be revealed. In addition, it will be shown with examples from the Quran why the same word is used in both styles. Due to the fact that one of the sections of the subject is the use of the same word both definite article (ma’rife) and indefinite article (nekra)., one of the ma'rife varieties with the prefix "الْ" will be focused on.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49351</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[193-213]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/284</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed Muhammed el-Medenî’ye Göre İslam Mezheplerinin İttifâk ve İhtilâfında Kat’iyyât ve Zanniyyâtın Rolü]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Role of Katiyyat and Zanniyyat in the Alliance and Conflict of the Islamic Sects According to Muhammad Muhammad al-Madani]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ramazan TARİK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Şükrü AYRAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi, İslam Hukuku, Medenî, Kat’iyyât, Zanniyyât, İttifâk, İhtilâf.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Islamic Sect, Islamic Law, Madani, Katiyyat, Zanniyyat, Alliance, Conflict.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ortak ideale giden yolda araç edinilen fikir, savunulan düşüncenin temel esaslarının olduğu gibi bütün gerçekliğiyle anlaşılıp anlatılmasına ihtiyaç duyar. İdeal edinilen gelecekte olması gereken veya arzulanan bir şey, biraz da geçmişte var olanın bütün çıplaklığıyla kritik edilip bütüncül bir biçimde sistematize edilmesiyle inşa edilir. Bu uğurda geçmişin birikiminde doğru kabul edilen esaslar ve içerikleri, daha tutarlı ve sıkı bir biçimde yeniden dizayn edilirken; yanlışlar ya ideal forma kavuşturulur ya da ortadan kaldırılır. İşte biz bu çalışmamızda Muhammed Muhammed el-Medenî’nin geleneği doğru anlama, ona eleştirel bakma, yanlışı düzeltme, geçmişten dersler çıkararak daha ideal bir gelecek inşa etme, asgari müşterekler etrafında bir araya gelme ve ihtilafları birlik beraberliğin hizmetine sunma gibi bir ömür süren fikri çabasını yansıtacağız. Onun, İslam ümmetinin en azından ortak bir fikri çatı altında yakınlaşıp kaynaşması, birlik ve beraberliği için ortaya atıp savunduğu ve kaynağını epistemolojiden alan kat’iyyât ve zannîyat temelli bir İslam tasavvurunu ana hatlarıyla ortaya koyacağız. Medenî’nin savunduğu temel düşüncesi ile misyona hizmete adanan yaşantısının kesişen ve ayrışan noktalarını kısaca sergilemeye gayret edeceğiz. Ayrıca bir dönem Ezher Üniversitesi Şeriat Fakültesi Dekanı olarak görev yapan Medenî’nin Şerîat Fakültesi ders programının reform edilmesi için pratiğini de ortaya koyduğu temel disiplin ve argümanları bütünlük, tutarlılık ve içerik açısından kritik edeceğiz.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The idea, which is a vehicle on the way to the common ideal, needs to be understood and explained in all its reality, as well as the basic principles of the advocated thought. What should be or desired in the future in the ideal is built by criticizing and systematizing in a holistic manner, with all the nakedness of what was in the past. For this purpose, the principles and contents accepted as correct in the accumulation of the past are redesigned in a more consistent and strict manner; mistakes are either brought into ideal form or eliminated. Here, in this study, we have studied the life-long intellectual effort of Mohammed Mohammed al-Madani to understand tradition correctly, to look at it critically, to correct the wrong, to build a more ideal future by taking lessons from the past, to come together around the minimum commons and to put the conflicts in the service of unity and unity. we will reflect. We will outline an katiyyat and zanniyyat based vision of Islam, which he put forward and advocated for at least a common idea of the Islamic ummah to converge, unity and unity under the roof, and which derives its source from epistemology. We will try to briefly display the intersecting and diverging points of Madani’s basic idea and his life devoted to serving the mission. In addition, we will criticize the basic disciplines and arguments that Madani, who served as the Dean of the Faculty of Sharia at Azhar University for a period, put forward the practice of reforming the Sharia Faculty curriculum in terms of integrity, consistency and content.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49229</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[175-192]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/285</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Değerler Eğitiminde Bir Faktör Olarak Sosyal Aktivite ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Social Activity as a Factor in the Values Education of Secondary School Students]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Alim Emin YUSUFOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Değerler Eğitimi, Sosyal Aktivite, Değer Oluşumu, Öğrenci, Ortaokul.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Values ​​Education, social activity, value formation, student, middle school]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Günümüzde her açıdan gelişmiş bireylerin yetiştirilmesi bir takım şartları gerektirmektedir. Bunlar büyük ölçüde, eğitim veren tarafların etkin etkileşiminde, bir bütün olarak aile ve toplumun sürekli işbirliği içinde yer alır. Eğitim genellikle bir bireyde değerler kazanımı, sosyal aktivite, arzu edilen davranış normları ve niteliklerinin oluşumu süreci olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, sosyal aktivite kavramının özünü tanımlamak önemlidir. Terimin kesin bir tanımı olmadığı ve çoğunlukla iki yönlü bir süreç olarak tanımlandığı belirtilmelidir. Sosyolojide sosyal aktivite, bireyin günümüz toplumunda gerekli olan davranış kalıplarını, normlarını ve değerlerini özümsemesi süreci olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Bu nedenle sosyal aktivite, eğitim faaliyetlerinin etkisi altında ortaya çıkan ve bunun sonucunda bireyin yaşam yolunda ihtiyaç duyduğu ve kültürüne özgü değerleri, davranış normlarını, inançları ve motivasyonları edindiği kişilik oluşumu sürecidir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı, ergenlik çağındaki öğrencilerde sosyal aktivitenin özelliklerini, sosyal çevre ile ilişkilerini ve çeşitli aktivitelere olan ilgilerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın gerçekleştirilmesi için 6. ve 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin arasında anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Mezkur sınıflardaki öğrenciler arasında araştırma yapma ihtiyacı ve ilgisi, bu yaştaki bir bireyin bedeninde ve zihninde meydana gelen niteliksel ve psikolojik değişikliklerle ilişkilidir. Araştırma, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılının güz döneminin ilk çeyreğinde, Kırgızistan’ın bazı ortaokullarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 165’i erkek, 200’ü kız olmak üzere toplam 365 öğrenci katılmış, araştırma toplamda 18 sınıfta yürütülmüştür. Anket yoluyla elde edilen verilerinin çözümlenmesinde SPSS for Windows 24 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Kırgızistan okullarında yapılan araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, okul ve aile işbirliğinin içeriğini, biçimlerini ve yöntemlerini derinlemesine yeniden gözden geçirmeden, çocuk ve ergenlerle eğitim çalışmalarında önemli bir iyileşme ve gelişme sağlamak oldukça zordur. Günümüzde ergenler arasında, sosyal koşulların yeniliğiyle ilişkili olarak, sosyal aktivitede bir azalma ve değerlerde değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Sorun, genel olarak topluma yönelik olan değerlerin azalmasında görülmektedir. Bu durum, okul ve ailenin eğitim olanaklarının yeterince kullanılmadığını, okul çağındaki ergenlerin sosyal ilgi ve ihtiyaçlarının zayıf bir şekilde araştırıldığını, öğrencilerin  sosyal aktivitelerini geliştirmek için ebeveynlerin ve öğretmenlerin ergenleri iyi tanımaları gerektiğini göstermektedir. Çalışmanın pratik değeri ise, elde edilen sonuçların, ortaokul öğrencilerinin sosyal aktivite sürecini planlamaya ve yönetmeye yardımcı olacak ders ve okul dışı faaliyetlerin geliştirilmesinde, ebeveynler ve öğretmenler tarafından kullanılabilmesidir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Today, raising individuals who are well trained and developed in every aspect requires some conditions. They are largely involved in the effective interaction of educators, in the continuous cooperation of the family and society as a whole. Education is generally understood as the process of gaining values, social activity, formation of desired behavioral norms and qualities in an individual. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine the characteristics of social activity, their relationship with the social environment and their interest in various activities in adolescents. In order to carry out the research, a questionnaire study was conducted among 6th and 7th grade students. The need and interest in research among the students in the aforementioned classes is related to the qualitative and psychological changes that occur in the body and mind of an individual of this age. The research was carried out in some secondary schools of Kyrgyzstan in the first quarter of the fall term of the 2018-2019 academic years. A total of 365 students, 165 boys and 200 girls, participated in the study, and the research was conducted in 18 classes in total. SPSS for Windows 24 statistics program was used to analyze the data obtained through the survey. According to the results of the research conducted in Kyrgyzstan schools, it is very difficult to achieve a significant improvement and development in educational work with children and adolescents without thoroughly reviewing the content, forms and methods of school and family cooperation. Today, a decrease in social activity and changes in values ​​occur among adolescents in relation to the novelty of social conditions. The problem is seen in the decline in values ​​towards society in general. This situation shows that the educational facilities of the school and family are not used sufficiently, the social interests and needs of adolescents at school age are poorly researched, and that parents and teachers need to know adolescents well in order to improve students' social activities. The practical value of the study is that the results obtained can be used by parents and teachers in the development of classroom and extracurricular activities that will help secondary school students to plan and manage the social activity process.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49219</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[  117-136 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/286</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Anadolu Tasavvuf Hareketlerinin Kökenleri ve Eklektik Karakteri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Roots and Eclectic Characteristic of Anatolian Islamic Mysticism Movement]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İbrahim KAYGUSUZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din sosyolojisi, dinȋ gruplar, tasavvuf, tarikat, Anadolu tasavvufu, tarihȋ köken, eklektik yapı.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of religion, Religious groups, Islamic mysticism, religious order, historical root, eclectic structure.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Anadolu’nun İslamlaşması süreci Moğol istilasıyla birlikte gerçekleşen büyük göç hareketleri ile birlikte başlamıştır. İstila sonucu birçok derviş Anadolu coğrafyasına ve Selçuklunun himayesine sığınmıştır. Anadolu tasavvuf hareketlerinin tarihȋ kökenlerinde üç coğrafȋ bölgenin önemli yeri vardır. Bunlar, Orta Asya, Kuzey Afrika ve Ortadoğu’dur. Birden çok coğrafȋ bölgenin (Türkistan, Buhara, Harezm, İran, Horasan, Endülüs, Mısır, Suriye ve Irak) ve fikrȋ kaynağın Anadolu tasavvufunu şekillendirmesi bu hareketlerin itikadî temellerine ve davranış pratiklerine eklektik bir karakter kazandırmıştır. İtikadȋ ve sosyal bünyeleri farklı olan bu hareketlerin büyük çoğunluğu Sünnȋ, az bir kısmı ise bâtınȋ, şîidir. 13. yüzyılda Anadolu’da yayılmaya başlayan tasavvuf hareketlerinde meşrep olarak birbirinden farklı üç yol bulunmaktaydı: Sûfîlik, Fütüvvet ve Melametîlik. Bu üç yol, farklı tarikat kurumları yoluyla Anadolu coğrafyasına girmişti. Bu yollara ait itikadî yönlerin bilinmesi, günümüze kadar uzanan tarikat kurumlarının fikrȋ temellerini, meşrep alt yapılarını ve davranış pratiklerini kavramamıza katkılar sağlayacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı Anadolu tasavvuf hareketlerinin eklektik bir karaktere sahip olduğunu tarihȋ veriler üzerinden ispat etmeye çalışmaktır. Günümüze kadar varlıkları devam eden tasavvuf hareketlerine ait coğrafȋ köken çeşitliliği, güncel tarikat hareketleri üzerinde hem itikadî hem de uygulanan pratikleri anlamında farklı izler bırakmıştır. Bu hareketler bir taraftan ana hatları ile birbirinden farklı fikrȋ temellere ve davranış pratiklerine sahipken diğer taraftan çok yönlü olarak birbirini etkilemekte, iç içe geçmekte ve benzerlikler göstermektedir. Çalışmada Anadolu tasavvufuna ait bu eklektik karakter, güncel tarikat hareketleri üzerinden karşılaştırılarak anlatılmıştır. Türkiye’deki dinȋ algılama biçimi üzerinde yadsınamayacak düzeyde etkilere sahip olan tasavvuf ve tarikat hareketlerinden hiçbirisi ne günümüzde ne de geçmişte ötekisinden izole olmuş fikri temellere ve davranış pratiklerine sahip olmamıştır. Eklektik yapı bu hareketlerin temel karakteri olmuştur.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The Islamization process of Anatolia started with the immigrations due to Mongol invasion. As a result of this invasion many dervishes came to Anatolia and refuge under the protection of Seljuk reign. In the historical roots of the Anatolian Islamic mysticism Movement, three regions are of great importance. These are Middle Asia, North Africa and Middle East. As the Turks became Muslim and immigrate to Anatolia, Islamic mysticism expand from Turkistan, Bukhara, Khorezm, Iran, Khorasan, Andalusia, Egypt, Syria and Iraq to Anatolia. Since more than one region and resource shaped the Anatolian Islamic mysticism its faith basis and behaviors had an eclectic characteristic. These movements whose faith and social structures were different constituted of largely Sunni and orthodox, and partially Batiniyya, Shia, Heterodox. In the Islamic mysticism movement starting to expand Anatolia in thirteenth century, there were three veins. These were Sufism, Futuwwa and melametiyye. These three veins came into Anatolia via different religious orders. Knowing the faith aspects of these veins make it possible to understand intellectual basis, disposition substructures, and behavior types of these religious orders. This study aims to prove that Anatolia Islamic mysticism movement has an eclectic characteristic through historical data. Geographical origin diversity belonged to Islamic mysticism which exists till now impressed current religious orders. These movements on one hand had different intellectual basis and behavior types, on the other hand effected each other, intertwined and showed similarities. These eclectic characteristics belonged to Anatolian Islamic mysticism compared with the current religious orders. None of the Islamic mysticism and religious order movements which has a considerable effect on religion perception in Turkey don’t have isolated ideational basis and behavior types neither now nor in the past. Eclectic structure became the fundamental characteristic of these movements.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49193</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[  33-55 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/287</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Vahiy-Toplum İlişkisi Bağlamında İtaat/İsyan İkiliği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Dichotomy of Obedience and Rebellion in the Context of Revelation-Society Relationship]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mustafa SAFA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din sosyolojisi, vahiy, toplum, itaat, isyan, dikotomi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of religion, revelation, society, obedience, rebellion, dichotomy.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Semavi dine muhatap olmuş toplumlarda dini gönderen yaratıcıya itaat ve isyan, bir iman ve inkar problemi olarak vahiy-toplum ilişkilerinin tarihiyle yaşıttır. Günümüzde sosyal hayatta itaat ve isyan denildiğinde, siyasi otoriteye boyun eğmek ya da karşı çıkmak anlaşılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda toplum genelinde kabul gören değer ve kurallara uygun hareket etmek itaat olarak kabul edilirken, toplumda kabul gören kural ve değerlere uymamak, karşı çıkmak da isyan olarak görülmektedir. İtaat ve isyan olguları birbirinin karşıtı ya da zıttı, birinin varlığında diğerinin yokluğunun gerçekleştiği birbirinin alternatifi olgular gibi görülmesine rağmen, aslında birbirini var eden olgu çiftidir. İnsanın Allah’ın belirlediği mutlak kötüye itaat etmesinde Allah’a isyan; Allah’ın belirlediği mutlak kötüye isyan etmesinde ise Allah’a itaat ortaya çıkmaktadır. İtaat ve isyan olgularının ikiliğinde hareket noktası, itaat ederken isyan, isyan ederken de itaatin yaşanıyor olmasıdır. Müslüman bir toplumda vahyin emir ve yasaklarına tabi olma, uyma hali yaratıcıya itaat olarak ortaya çıkarken, Allah’a itaatin gerçekleşmesi ve yaşanması halinde de şeytana ve Allah dışında üretilen yapay ilahlara isyanın zımnen gerçekleşmesi, kavramların kapsam alanında var olan bir ikiliktir. Bu çalışmada özellikle vahyin iki temel kavramı olan itaat ve isyan kavramlarının birbirini var eden ikiliği ele alınmıştır. Bu ikiliğin tahlilinde önce her iki kelimenin kök anlamları ele alınarak, kelimelerin kavram içerikleri açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada itaat ve isyan sosyolojisi yapma niyetinde olmadan, iman ve inkarın bireysel ve toplumsal tezahürleri olan itaat ve isyanın kavramsal ve olgusal boyutta nasıl dikotomi oluşturduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Vahiy-toplum ilişkisi boyutunda itaat ve isyan ikiliğinin tahlil çalışmasında, beşeri ilişkilerde ve siyasi boyutta yaşanan kurumsal itaat, isyan ya da sivil itaatsizlik gibi konulara girmeden teolojik boyutta itaat ve isyanın nasıl olgusal dikotomi oluşturduğunu açıklamak amaçlanmıştır. İman ve inkarın birey ve toplumda tezahürü olarak ortaya çıkan itaat ve isyan olguları, bireyde ve toplumda vahiy-toplum ilişkileri bağlamında teolojik bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Obedience and rebellion to the creator God who revealed religion in societies that have been subjected to the Abrahamic religion are as old as the history of revelation-society relations as a problem of faith and denial. When we talk about obedience and rebellion in today's social life, it is understood as submitting to or opposition against political authority. At the same time, while obedience is defined as acting in accordance with the values ​​and rules accepted in society, not obeying and opposing the rules and values ​​accepted in the society is defined as a rebellion. Although the phenomena of obedience and rebellion are commonly seen as opposites, alternating phenomena in which the presence of one implies the absence of the other, they are actually a pair of phenomena that create each other. Rebellion against Allah in human obedience to the absolute evil determined by Allah; Obedience to Allah emerges when human rebels against the absolute evil determined by Allah. The point of departure in the duality of obedience and rebellion is that in the presence of obedience there is rebellion, and with rebellion there is obedience. In a Muslim society, obedience to the orders and prohibitions of revelation emerges as obedience to the creator, and the realization of obedience to Allah and the implicit rebellion against the devil and other artificial deities produced outside of Allah is a duality that exists within the scope of the conceptual boundaries. In this study, the duality of the two basic concepts of revelation, namely obedience and rebellion, which create each other, is discussed. In the analysis of this duality, firstly, the root meanings of both words are examined, and the conceptual contents of the words are explained. This study reveals how obedience and rebellion, which are the individual and social manifestations of faith and denial, create a dichotomy in conceptual and factual dimensions, without the intention of delving into sociology of obedience and rebellion. The analysis of the dichotomy of obedience and rebellion in the dimension of the revelation-society relationship, aims to explain how obedience and rebellion in the theological dimension constitute a phenomenal dichotomy without dealing with issues such as institutional obedience, rebellion or civil disobedience in human relations and political dimensions. In this paper, the phenomena of obedience and rebellion, emerged as the manifestation of faith and denial in the levels of individual and society, were subjected to a theological evaluation in the context of revelation-society relations on the individual and society levels.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49165</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[  71-84 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/288</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Mezhep Çatışmaları ve Şehirlerin Rekabeti Arasında Yok Olan Bir Kütüphane ve Çeviri Kurumu: Rakkâde Beytülhikme’si]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Library and Translation Institution Destroyed Between Sectarian Conflicts and Competition of Cities: The Wisdom House of Raqqâda]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muammer SARIKAYA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Mütercim tercümanlık, Beytülhikme, Ağlebiler, Rakkâde, ideolojik çatışma.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Translation and ınterpretation, Bayt al-hikme, House of Wisdom, Raqqâde, ideological conflict.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Abbasi halifeliğinin ilk yıllarında halifelerin destekleriyle ve gözetimleri altında bir çeviri ve araştırma merkezi olarak kurulan Bağdat Beytülhikmesi’nin ilim ve kültür hayatına kazandırdığı canlılık ve devletin resmî ideolojisini yaymada yakaladığı şöhret, Abbasi halifelerinin atadığı valilerin dikkatini çekmiştir. Valiler de adeta halifelerle yarışırcasına ilim, kültür ve çeviri merkezleri kurmuşlardır. Bu kurumlardan birisi de Tunus’ta kurulan Ağlebî Emirliğinin (184-296/800-909) 9. Emiri olan II. İbrahim zamanında Kayrevan yakınlarında başkent olarak kurulan Rakkâde’deki Beytülhikme’dir. Büyük bir salona bitişik 4-5 odadan oluşan kurumda ağırlıklı olarak tıp, felsefe, matematik, astronomi, astroloji ve musiki eğitimi verilmiş, Latince ve İtalyancadan Arapçaya karşılıklı çeviriler yapılmıştır. Tıp ilminde daha sonra Kayrevan ekolü olarak bilinen akımın başlangıç noktasını burada Arapçadan Latinceye çevrilen tıp kitapları oluşmaktadır. Başkentin Kayrevan’dan Rakkâde’ye taşınması, beşerî ve tecrübî ilimlerin eğitimiyle meşgul olan ilim adamlarının dini ilimlerle uğraşanlardan daha fazla ilgiye nail olması, Ağlebî emirlerince daha fazla desteklenmesi Kayrevan ve Rakkâde şehirlerini birbirine rakip kılmıştır. Elyazması eserlerden oluşan zengin bir kütüphane etrafında şekillenen Beytülhikme’de telif, çeviri, istinsah, ciltleme ve kâğıt imalatı çalışmaları bir arada yürütülmüş, diğer şehir ve ülkelerden gelen araştırmacılara konaklama ve ağırlama hizmeti de verilmiştir. Kahire merkezli Fatımîler devletinin Şii-İsmailî propagandasına karşı Sünnî çizgideki Kayrevan ve Rakkâde uleması birlikte mücadele etmişlerdir. Beytülhikme’de düzenlenen ve Emirlerin de bizzat katıldıkları periyodik sert münazaralar ve Kayrevan-Rakkâde rekabeti Ağlebî Emirliği ile birlikte Beytülhikme’nin de sonunu getirmiştir. Ağlebî sarayları ve Beytülhikme önce Kayrevan halkı tarafından yağmalanmış, Fatımîler tarafından kitapların bir kısmı yakılmış, bir kısmı Kahire’ye götürülmüştür.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The Wisdom House of Baghdad (Bayt al-Hikma) was established as a translation and research center in the early years of the Abbasid caliphate with the support and supervision of the caliphs. The vitality that Bayt al-Hikma brought to the scientific and cultural life and the reputation it achieved in spreading the official ideology of the state, attracted the attention of the governors appointed by the Abbasid caliphs. The governors established science, culture and translation centers as if competing with the caliphs. One of these institutions is The Wisdom House of Raqqâde, which was established as the capital near Kairouan during the time of II. Ibrahim the 9th Emir of the Aglabi Emirate. The institution, which consists of 4-5 rooms adjacent to a large hall, mainly provided education in medicine, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, astrology and music, and translations were made from Latin and Italian to Arabic and from Arabic to western languages. The medical books translated here from Arabic to Latin form are the starting point of the current known as the Kayrevan school in medical science. The transfer of the capital from Kairouan to Raqqâde, the scientists who were engaged in the education of humanities and experienced sciences were more interested than those who were engaged in religious sciences, and the more support of the Aghlebi orders to him made the cities of Kairouan and Raqqâde rivals. In Bayt al-Hikma, which is shaped around a rich library of manuscripts, copyright, translation, copying, binding and paper production works were carried out together, and accommodation and hospitality services were provided to researchers from other cities and countries. The Kairouan and Raqqâde scholars, who were in the Sunni line, fought together against the Shiite-Ismaili propaganda of the Fatimid state based in Cairo. The harsh debates held in Bayt al-hikma and the competition between Kairouan and Raqqâde brought the end of the Aghlebi Emirate as well as the Bayt al-hikme. Ağlebî palaces and Bayt al-Hikma were first looted by the people of Kairouan, some of the books were burned by the Fatimids, and some of them were taken to Cairo.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=49102</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[  157-173 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/289</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Din Dersine Yönelik Öğrenci Tutumlarının İncelenmesi: KKTC Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Examination of Student Attitudes Towards Religion Lesson: TRNC Example]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ümit KALKAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mustafa BAŞKONAK  -Muhammet İbrahim TEPE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din eğitimi, tutum, din dersi, Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi, KKTC.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious education, attitude, religion lesson, Religious Culture and Ethics, TRNC.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu çalışma, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde örgün öğretim içerisindeki öğrencilerin din dersine yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek ve bu tutumların çeşitli değişkenlerle ilişki düzeyini inceleme amacı taşımaktadır. Girne Amerikan Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’nun 18.12.2018 tarihli toplantısında 5/18-27 sayılı kararıyla etik kurallara uygun görülen araştırmada örneklem grubu KKTC Lefkoşa Kazası’ndaki tüm devlet ortaokullarında öğrenim gören 348 (% 45.7) kız ve 412 (% 54.3) erkek olmak üzere toplam 760 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Veriler,  kişisel bilgi formu ve din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi dersi tutum ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. SPSS paket programı kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde betimsel istatistiki işlemlerin yanı sıra t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunnett t3 testleri ile analizler yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçları şu şekilde olduğu görülmüştür: Öğrencilerin din dersine yönelik tutumları orta düzeydedir. Erkek öğrencilerin kız öğrencilere göre tutumlarının yüksek, şehir merkezindeki öğrenci tutumlarının kırsal bölgelerdeki öğrencilere göre daha düşüktür. T.C. kökenli öğrencilerin tutumlarının KKTC kökenli öğrencilere göre daha yüksektir. Anne-baba öğrenim düzeyi ilkokul olan öğrencilerin din dersine yönelik tutumlarının yüksek olduğu, öğrencilerin baba iş durumuna göre tutumlarında anlamlı bir farklılık yokken, annesi memur olan öğrencilerin tutumlarının daha düşük olduğu ve aile gelir durumu yükseldikçe din dersine yönelik tutumlarının düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This study aims to determine the attitudes of students in formal education in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus towards religion lesson and to examine the relationship level of these attitudes with various variables. In the meeting of Girne American University Ethics Committee on 18.12.2018, it was deemed appropriate to ethical rules with the decision numbered 5 / 18-27. The sample group of the study consists of a total of 760 students, 348 (%45.7) girls and 412 (%54.3) boys, studying in state secondary schools in the Nicosia district of TRNC.The research is designed in quantitative research method and relational survey model. The data were collected using a personal information form and the "Religion Culture and Moral Knowledge Attitude Scale" developed by Özdemir and Çelik (2017). In order to analyze the data of the research, descriptive operations such as frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were performed using the SPSS 22.0 package program. In addition, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunnett t3 tests were performed, and (p&amp;lt;.05) was considered statistically significant. The results obtained from the research are as follows: Students' attitudes towards religion lesson are medium. Male students have higher attitudes than female students, and student attitudes in the city center are lower than those in rural areas. T.R. Citizen students' attitudes are higher than TRNC citizen students. Students whose parents have a "primary school" have a high attitude towards religion lesson. While there is no significant difference in the attitudes of the students according to the fathers' job status, the attitudes of students whose mothers are civil servants are lower. It has been determined that as the family income increases, their attitudes towards religion lesson are lower.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=48840</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[  17-31 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/290</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ʿAlî eş-Şeyhânî ile Yûnus el-Erkatinî’nin Terkîb Adlı Eserlerinin Mukayesesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Comparison between the Works in the Name of ‘Ali as-Seyhani and Yunus al-Arkatini]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mahmut TEKİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Grameri, Curcânî, ‘Avâmil, ʿAlî eş-Şeyhânî, Yûnus el-Erkatinî, Terkîb.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Grammar, Jurjani, ‘Awamil, ʿAli as-Seyhani, Yunus al-Arkatini, Terhib.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ebû Bekr ‘Abdulkâhir b. ‘Abdirrahmân b. Muhammed el-Curcânî’nin nahiv ilmi alanında kaleme almış olduğu &lt;em&gt;el-‘Avâmilu’l-mi&lt;/em&gt;’e adlı eseri, Arap gramerine dair yazılmış en eski eserlerdendir. Zamanla medrese geleneğindeki yeri daha da belirginleşen bu eser, telif edildiği günden bu yana birçok dilcinin dikkatini üzerine çekerek onlarca şerh, haşiye ve ta‘like konu olmayı başarabilmiş ender eserler kategorisinde yer almaktadır. Aynı zamanda bazı dilcilerin Arap dili eğitimine yeni başlayan talebelere i‘râb hakkında bir takım bilgiler vermek ve bu alandaki bilgilerini daha da geliştirmek adına ilgili eserin metnini terkîb açısından ele aldıkları bilinmektedir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde kaleme aldıkları eserleriyle meşhur olan dilciler arasında ‘Alî eş-Şeyhânî ve Yûnus el-Erkatinî de önemli bir yer edinmektedir. Özellikle el-Erkatinî’nin eseri, gerek orijinal şekliyle gerekse de Arapça tercümesiyle yazıldığı günden bu yana Türkiye’de bulunan medreselerde eğitim gören talebelere okutulmakta ve ezberletilmektedir. Söz konusu eserin kısa zamanda medrese ders müfredatına yerleşmesindeki en büyük etken ilim ehlinin takdirini kazanarak ilgili alanda kendisini kabul ettirmesidir. Bu çalışmada her iki dilci tarafından da kaleme alınan &lt;em&gt;terkîb&lt;/em&gt; adlı eserler esas alınarak gerekli incelemelerde bulunulmuş ve son olarak da mukayeseleri yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yapılan mukayese neticesinde her iki eser arasında var olan ortak ve farklı yönler dikkatli bir şekilde tespit edilerek alanla ilgili araştırmacıların istifadesine sunulmuştur.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Awamil that Abu Bekr Abdulkahir b. Abdirrahman b. Muhammed al-Jurcani wrote in the syntax science is one of the oldest works which were written on Arabic grammar. This work that its place has been clarified in the madrasah tradition in time is included in the category of unusual works which succeeded to be subject in tens of gloss, apostille and adjournal as getting attention of many linguists since the day when it was accommodated. Furthermore, it is known that some linguists considered the text of relevant work in terms of composition in order to give a set information about i’rab to the students who newly started their education on Arabic language and to develop their knowledge much more in this field. ‘Ali as-Seyhani and Yunus al-Arkani have an important place among the linguists who are famous with their works that they wrote them within the framework of this purpose. Especially al-Arkani’s work has been gotten studied and memorised by the students, who receive their education in madrasahs in Turkey, with both of its original form and Arabic translation since the day when it was written. The greatest factor for the aforementioned work to be included in the curriculum of madrasahs in short time is that it established itself in the relevant field by winning the approval of scholars. In this research, the necessary examinations were made on the base of works in the name of &lt;em&gt;terkib &lt;/em&gt;which were written by both of linguists and finally, the comparison was made. As a result of comparison which was made in this context, the common and different aspects between both of the works were determined and presented to the usage of researchers related to the field. &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=48764</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[  103-115   ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/291</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Günümüz Dünyasında Din Felsefesinin Yeri ve Önemi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Place and Importance of Philosophy of Religion in Today's World]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Erol ÇETİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din felsefesi, din, felsefe, bilim, akıl. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of religion, religion, philosophy, science, mind. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Din felsefesi, insanın varoluşunu anlamlandırma, âlemdeki mevcudiyetini sorgulama, kendi benliği ve çevresindeki diğer varlıkların mahiyetini anlama gibi hususların izahında etkin bir role sahiptir. Bu bağlamda din felsefesi insan hayatına etki etme ve yönlendirme noktasında çok önemli bir yere sahip olan dini, felsefî bakış açısıyla kendisine konu edinir. İnsanoğlu, geçmişten günümüze inanma ve düşünme eylemlerinden kendini alamamıştır. Bu noktada neredeyse her insanın farklı şekil ve tasavvurlarla da olsa aşkın bir gücün varlığına inandığı ve bu inancın onun düşünce ve eylemlerini ciddi anlamda şekillendirdiği görülür. Aynı şekilde var olan her bir bireyin; kendisi, çevresi, içinde yaşadığı dünya, âlemin yapısı, canlı ve cansız varlıklar hakkında bilgi edinmek suretiyle varoluşunu anlamlandırma gayretinde olduğu ifade edilebilir. Günümüzde insanlar kendilerini ve içinde yaşadıkları âlemi anlama noktasında ciddi varoluşsal sancılar çekmektedir. Diğer bir ifadeyle insanlar günümüz dünyasında hayata tutunma problemiyle yüz yüze gelmişlerdir. İşte tam bu noktada din felsefesi insanlara; hayata direnç göstermeleri, varoluşlarını daha anlamlı hale getirmeleri, âlemle olan münasebetlerini tekrar sağlıklı bir çerçeveye oturtmaları gibi hususlarda yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda insanların din felsefesinin ele aldığı temel konular içerisinde yer alan; Tanrı’nın varlığı ya da yokluğunun delillendirilmesi, kötülük probleminin mahiyeti, inanç ve ahlak değerlerinin içselleştirilmesi, din- bilim ilişkisi, din- ahlak ilişkisi, din- sanat ilişkisi gibi hususlara artan bir ilgiyle yöneldiklerini söylemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada din felsefesi sahasının giderek önem kazanmasını sağlayan hususların felsefî bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmektedir.  &lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Philosophy of religion has an active role in explaining matters such as making sense of human existence, questioning its existence in the world, understanding the nature of one's own self and other beings around it. In this context, the philosophy of religion is the subject of religion, which has a vital importance in affecting and directing human life, from a philosophical point of view. From past to present, human beings have not been able to stop believing and thinking. At this point, it is seen that almost every person believes in the existence of a transcendent power, albeit with different shapes and imaginations, and this belief seriously shapes his thoughts and actions. Likewise, each individual existing; It can be stated that he tries to make sense of his existence by obtaining information about himself, his environment, the world he lives in, the structure of the world, living and non-living beings. Today, people suffer serious existential pains in understanding themselves and the world they live in. In other words, people have come face to face with the problem of holding on to life in today's world. At this point, the philosophy of religion to people; It helps them to show resistance to life, to make their existence more meaningful, to put their relations with the world into a healthy framework. In this context, it is possible to say that people are increasingly interested in matters that philosophy of religion deal with such as the presence or absence of God, the nature of the problem of evil, the internalization of belief and moral values, the relationship between religion and science, the relationship between religion and morality, religion and art. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the issues that make the field of philosophy of religion gradually gain importance from a philosophical perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=48346</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 1[  1-15 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/292</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tanzimat Reformlarının Düzenleyici Yüksek Kurumu Olarak Meclis-i Âli-i Tanzimat (1854-1861)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Sublime Council of Tanzimat/Meclis-i Âli-i Tanzimat As High Regulatory Institution of Tanzimat Reforms (1854-1861)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Halim KILIÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Osmanlı Devleti, Tanzimat Dönemi, İdare Tarihi, Yasama, Meclis-i Âli-i Tanzimat]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ottoman State, Period of Tanzimat, History of Administration, Legislation, Sublime Council of Tanzimat/Meclis-i Âli-i Tanzimat]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Tanzimat D&amp;ouml;nemi&amp;rsquo;nde tebaa-devlet m&amp;uuml;nasebetinde d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n, toptan bir m&amp;uuml;lki reform s&amp;uuml;recinin yanı sıra Klasik D&amp;ouml;nem Osmanlı devlet geleneğinde istişar&amp;icirc; niteliğiyle izlerine rastlanan belirli &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de yasama-danışma organı stat&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml;nde b&amp;uuml;rokratik birimler ihdas edilmiş ve s&amp;ouml;z konusu anlayış belli nisbette kurumsallaşmıştır. Meşveret anlayışıyla temellendirilen &amp;ouml;zellikle harp, isyan d&amp;ouml;nemlerinde sıklıkla başvurulan meşveret meclisi uygulaması, XVIII. y&amp;uuml;zyılın son &amp;ccedil;eyreğinden itibaren Bab-ı &amp;Acirc;li&amp;rsquo;nin y&amp;ouml;netim anlayışında mutat uygulamalar arasına girmiştir. III. Selim d&amp;ouml;neminde bu y&amp;ouml;ntem istikrar kazandı, XIX. y&amp;uuml;zyılın ilk yarısında modern-merkezi devlet prensibinin ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıktığı II. Mahmud d&amp;ouml;neminde ise katılımcıları, kuralları, toplantı mekanları kısmen sabit hale geldi. II. Mahmud&amp;rsquo;un başlattığı b&amp;uuml;rokratik d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;m s&amp;uuml;recinde uzun s&amp;uuml;redir etkinliği ve fonksiyonu kalmayan Divan usul&amp;uuml;nden modern nezaretler ve kabine uygulamasına ge&amp;ccedil;ildiği sırada yeni ihdas edilen nezaretlere ve başvekalet stat&amp;uuml;s&amp;uuml; verilen Sadaret makamına geniş &amp;ccedil;aptaki reform s&amp;uuml;recinde uzmanlık desteği vermesi ve yasama s&amp;uuml;recini idame i&amp;ccedil;in aza yapısı, &amp;ccedil;alışma usulleri ve mekanları belirli, yetki sınırları &amp;ccedil;izilmiş yasama-danışma meclisleri kurulmuştur. II. Mahmud d&amp;ouml;neminde kurulan ancak 1839 Tanzimat Fermanı&amp;rsquo;nın ilanının ardından &amp;ccedil;alışma usulleri ve yetkileri tespit edilen Meclis-i V&amp;acirc;l&amp;acirc;-yı Ahkam-ı Adliye, Tanzimat reformlarının hazırlayıcısı ve reformun merkezi olarak d&amp;uuml;zenlenmiştir. Tanzimat b&amp;uuml;rokrasisi, reform s&amp;uuml;recinin sıhhatli y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lmesi, devlet aygıtının hızlı, verimli ve usullere bağlı &amp;ccedil;alışmasını sağlamak i&amp;ccedil;in bitmek bilmeyen bir b&amp;uuml;rokratik inşa ameliyesiyle meşgul olmuştur. Merkezi danışma-yasama meclisi de bu s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te m&amp;uuml;temadiyen tadilatlar, d&amp;uuml;zenlemeler ile etkin bir &amp;ccedil;alışma ve yasama yapısına kavuşturulmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. Ancak Osmanlı reform s&amp;uuml;recinin genişliği ve b&amp;uuml;rokrasi de halen modern usullere aşina olmayan kadroların ağırlıkta olması nedeniyle XIX.&amp;nbsp; y&amp;uuml;zyılın ikinci yarısına gelindiğinde Meclis-i V&amp;acirc;l&amp;acirc;, fonksiyonunu kaybetmiş, hantal bir kuruma d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Tanzimat D&amp;ouml;nemi&amp;rsquo;nde b&amp;uuml;rokrasiye intisap eden ve Osmanlı modernizasyonunun y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml;leri olan &amp;Acirc;li, Fuad Paşa gibi rical-i devlet, taşra ve merkez teşkilatında, b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n Osmanlı tebaasını derinden etkileyecek b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ccedil;aptaki reformları hızlı bir şekilde hazırlamak ve hayata ge&amp;ccedil;irmek amacıyla 1854&amp;rsquo;te, Meclis-i V&amp;acirc;l&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;nın &amp;uuml;zerinde, azaları &amp;uuml;st r&amp;uuml;tbeli ve reformist rical-i devletten azaları m&amp;uuml;teşekkil Meclis-i &amp;Acirc;li-i Tanzimat&amp;rsquo;ı ihdas etmiştir. B&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ccedil;aplı reformları hayata ge&amp;ccedil;irmek i&amp;ccedil;in oluşturulan bu yapı, daha &amp;ouml;nceki reform meclislerinin aksine Osmanlı ilmiyesi ve şer&amp;rsquo;i hukuk &amp;uuml;zerine de &amp;ccedil;alışmalar y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;tm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r, kadılık ve ilmiye tariki yeni bir nizama kavuşturulmuştur. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada Tanzimat reformlarının en &amp;uuml;st derecede m&amp;uuml;zakeresi ve kontrol&amp;uuml; amacıyla kurulan bu Meclis&amp;rsquo;in toplumsal hayatı ve y&amp;ouml;netim kademelerini k&amp;ouml;k&amp;uuml;nden etkileyen reformları, kurumsal yapısı ve işleyişi ele alınacak, Tanzimat merkez b&amp;uuml;rokrasisindeki yeri tespite &amp;ccedil;alışılacaktır.&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;During the Tanzimat Period, the transformation of the subject-state relationship, a wholesale civil reform process materialised, in addition to this bureaucratic units with the status of legislative-advisory body to a certain extent, traces of that are detected in the classical period Ottoman state tradition, were established and this conception to some extent was institutionalized. The practice of the consultancy council, which is based on the understanding of consensus, especially in war and rebellion periods, become one of the usual practices in the management approach of the Bab-ı &amp;Acirc;li/Sublime Porte since the last quarter of the eighteenth century. This procedure stabilized during the Selim III period, during the Mahmud II period, when the modern-central state principle arised in the first half of the nineteenth century, the participants, rules, and meeting places partly made regular. During the transition from the Divan system, which has not been effective and functioning for a long time, to modern ministries and cabinet practice, legislative-advisory councils with defined member structures, working procedures and locations and with delineated jurisdictions were founded in order to provide expertise support to the newly established ministries and the office of Grand Vizier, who was granted the status of&amp;nbsp; prime ministry, in the wide-scale reform process and to maintain the legislative process. The Meclis-i V&amp;acirc;l&amp;acirc;-yı Ahkam-ı Adliye/Supreme Council, which was established during the Mahmud II period but whose working procedures and authorities were determined after the declaration of the 1839 Tanzimat Edict/Imperial Firman of Gulhane, was organized as the centre and the preparatory of the Tanzimat reforms. The Tanzimat bureaucracy was engaged in an endless bureaucratic construction work in order to ensure the well, fast and efficient execution of the reform process and procedural work of the state apparatus. It was aimed to ensure that the central advisory-legislative assemblies had an effective working and legislative structure with constant amendments and regulations in this process. However, due to the enormous extent of the Ottoman reform process and the predominance of civil servants unfamiliar with modern procedures in the bureaucracy, by the second half of the nineteenth century, Meclis-i V&amp;acirc;l&amp;acirc;/Supreme Council lost its function and transformed unwieldy institution. High-ranking statesmen such as &amp;Acirc;li and Fuad Pasha, who rose in the bureaucracy during the Tanzimat Period and were the executives of the Ottoman modernization, founded the Meclis-i &amp;Acirc;li-i Tanzimat/ Sublime Council Of Tanzimat, which was composed of members of high-ranking and reformist statesmen above the Meclis-i V&amp;acirc;l&amp;acirc;/Supreme Council, in order to rapidly prepare and implement major reforms that would deeply affect the provincial-central organization and all Ottoman subjects in 1854. This structure, which was created to implement large-scale reforms, unlike the previous reform councils, worked on the Ottoman scholar and religious law field, and the qadi/muslim judge and scholars were given a new order. In this study, the reforms, institutional structure and functioning of this Council, which was established for the purpose of negotiating and controlling the Tanzimat reforms at the highest level, will be discussed, and its place in the central bureaucracy of the Tanzimat will be tried to be determined.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=47583</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[  531-544 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/293</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Tâceddîn Velî’nin Şiirlerinde Tasavvufî Unsurlar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Sufistic Elements in Tāceddīn Velī’s Poems]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet VURAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Adem ÇATAK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf, Tâceddîn Velî, Divân-ı Tâceddîn-i Velî, Şiir, Celvetiyye]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sufism, Tāceddīn Velī, Dīvān-ı Tāceddīn-i Velī, Poem, Jalwatiyya]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Asırlar &amp;ouml;nce yaşamış olmalarına rağmen isimleri unutulmamış, insanların g&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml;nde taht kurmuş şahsiyetlerden birisi de T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc; Hazretleridir. XVI. y&amp;uuml;zyılda yaşayan T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc;, hayatının b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml; Ankara&amp;rsquo;da ge&amp;ccedil;irmiş ve Ankara&amp;rsquo;da vefat etmiştir. Kabri Ankara Hamam&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;ndeki T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Derg&amp;acirc;hı haziresinde ziyaretg&amp;acirc;htır. Ankara&amp;rsquo;nın manev&amp;icirc; mekanlarından T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Derg&amp;acirc;hı, T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin oğlu T&amp;acirc;ceddinz&amp;acirc;de Mustafa Efendi tarafından XVII. asırda inşa edilmiştir. Milli şairimiz Mehmet Akif Ersoy, İstiklal Marşı&amp;rsquo;nı bu derg&amp;acirc;hta kaleme almıştır. T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc;, Hacı Bayr&amp;acirc;m-ı Vel&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin (&amp;ouml;. 833/1430) kurmuş olduğu Bayramiyye&amp;rsquo;nin bir şubesi sayılan Celvetiyye tar&amp;icirc;katına mensuptur. Celvetiyye tar&amp;icirc;kat olarak Aziz Mahmud H&amp;uuml;d&amp;acirc;y&amp;icirc; (&amp;ouml;. 1038/1628) zamanında teşekk&amp;uuml;l etmiştir. H&amp;uuml;d&amp;acirc;y&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin vefatından sonra d&amp;ouml;rt şube şeklinde tekkelerin kapatıldığı son y&amp;uuml;zyıla kadar varlığını s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;rm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;ye atfedilen, i&amp;ccedil;erisinde şiirlerin yer aldığı &lt;em&gt;Div&amp;acirc;n-ı T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n-i Vel&amp;icirc;&lt;/em&gt; adında k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k hacimli bir yazma eser g&amp;uuml;n y&amp;uuml;z&amp;uuml;ne &amp;ccedil;ıkarılmıştır. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada ilk olarak T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin hayatı hakkında bilgi verilmiş, sonrasında T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;ye ait mezk&amp;ucirc;r divan&amp;ccedil;ede yer alan şiirlerdeki tasavvuf&amp;icirc; unsurlar tespit edilmiştir. T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc; şiirlerinde tespit edebildiğimiz &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de aşk, dert, istiğfar, vuslat, hicran, ihlas, gayret, in&amp;acirc;yet ve nefs gibi tasavvuf&amp;icirc; kavramları işlemiştir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmada T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin şiirleri, bu tasavvuf&amp;icirc; kavramlar &amp;uuml;zerinden yorumlanmıştır. T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc;, şiirlerini i&amp;ccedil;erik bakımından tekke tarzında ve il&amp;acirc;h&amp;icirc; formunda yazmıştır. Şiirlerinde sade ve anlaşılır bir dil kullanan T&amp;acirc;cedd&amp;icirc;n Vel&amp;icirc;&amp;rsquo;nin &amp;acirc;yetlere ve hadislere telmih yaptığı g&amp;ouml;ze &amp;ccedil;arpmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Although they lived centuries ago, one of the personalities whose names have not been forgotten and who has established a throne in the hearts of the people is the talent of Tāceddīn Velī. Tāceddīn Velī, who lived in the 16th century, spent most of his life in Ankara and passed away in Ankara. His tomb is a visitor in the chamber of Tāceddīn, located in Hamam&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;, Ankara. The chamber of Tāceddīn, one of the spiritual places of Ankara, was built by Tāceddinzāde Mustafa Efendī, son of the Tāceddīn Velī, in 17 th century. Our national poet Mehmet Akif Ersoy wrote the Turkish National Anthem in this dervish lodge. Tāceddīn Velī was a member of Jalwatiyya, a branch of the Bayrāmiyya founded by Ḥājjī Bayrām Velī, (d. 833/1430). It was formed in the time of &amp;lsquo;Azīz Maḥmūd Ḥudāī (d. 1038/1628) as the Jalwatiyya sect. After the death of Ḥudāī, it existed in four branches until the last century when the dervish lodges were closed. A small-volume manuscript attributed to Tāceddīn Velī, called Tāceddīn Velī&amp;rsquo;s Dīvān (collection of a poet&amp;rsquo;s poems) containing poems, was unearthed. In this study, firstly, information about the life of Tāceddīn Velī was informed. Then, sufistic elements will be determined in poems that are thought to belong to Tāceddīn Velī. Tāceddīn Velī studied ṣūfī concepts such as ʿaşq&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; trouble, &lt;a href="https://tureng.com/tr/turkce-ingilizce/praying%20for%20forgiveness"&gt;praying for forgiveness&lt;/a&gt;, ultimate union with Allāh, separation, sincere commitment, gayret, &amp;lsquo;ināyet and nafs in his poems&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt; In this study, Tāceddīn Velī&amp;rsquo;s poems have interpreted through these mystical concepts. His poems were written in dervish lodge style and chant form in terms of content. It is striking that Tāceddīn Velī, who used a plain and understandable language in his poems, maked a reference to verses and ḥadīth.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=47572</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[  575-594 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/294</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Bakara Sûresi Üçüncü Âyetin Tefsiri Bağlamında Molla Sadrâ Düşüncesinde İman ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Belıef In The Thought Of Molla Sadra In The Context Of Interpretatıon Of The 3. Verse Of Surat Al- Baqarah]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Emin ŞAHİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İman, Tefsir, Molla Sadrâ, Bakara Sûresi, Bilgi, Amel]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Faith, Tafsir, Mullah Sadra, Surah Baqara, Knowledge, Deeds]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;İman ve onunla bağlantılı olarak mahiyetinin neliği, insanoğlunun varoluşundan günümüze değin, insan için çözüme kavuşturulması gereken en temel sorulardandır. Bu yönüyle iman, felsefe ve kelâm ilminin incelediği en önemli konulardan biri olmasının yanında, tefsir ilmi açısından da müfessirlerin anlama ve açıklama gayreti içinde oldukları esas konuların başında gelmektedir. Çünkü iman, Kur’ân-ı Kerim’in ele alıp yeniden şekillendirdiği mevzuların başında gelir. Bu bağlamda Bakara Suresinin üçüncü ayeti tefsir ilmi açısından imanla ilgili konuların ele alınıp işlendiği, imanla ilgili en kapsamlı taksimat ve açıklamaların yapıldığı ayetlerin başında gelir. Tefsirinde iman konusunu geniş bir şekilde ele alıp detaylandıran müfessirlerden biri de Molla Sadrâ’dır. O, iman mevzusunu zikri geçen ayet bağlamında işlemiş, öncelikle kendisinden önceki müfessirlerin görüşlerini aktarmış ancak bununla yetinmeyip sahip olduğu felsefi, tasavvufi bilgi birikimini iman ile ilgili fikirlerine yansıtarak özgün bir yaklaşım ortaya koymuştur. Nitekim müellif, imana dair özgün düşüncelerini tarih boyunca tekâmül aşamalardan geçen hem bireye hem de topluma uyarlamıştır. Bu bağlamda iman insanın diğer varlıklardan hatta biyolojik olarak kendi türünden temayüz ettiği alanolmaktadır. Makalede, İslâmın temel konularından biri olan imanın, felsefe, kelam, tefsir alanında müstesna bir konuma sahip olan Molla Sadrâ tarafından tanımlanışı ve imanın mahiyeti hakkındaki düşüncellerini delillendirmesi işlenmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Faith and the what its nature in connection with it, from the existence of human beings to the present, the most basic questions to be solved for human beings.In addition to being one of the most important topics studied by faith, philosophy and kalam science in this aspect, it is also one of the main topics that mufessians strive to understand and explain from the point of view of tafsir science. So faith comes at the beginning of the legislation in which the Qur'an-ı Kerim addresses and reshaped. IIn this context, the third verse of Surah Baqara is one of the verses in which issues related to faith are discussed and processed from the point of view of tafsir science, and the most comprehensive sections and explanations related to faith are processed. One of the feasures that detailed faith in the inspiration of the faith in his task is Mullah Sadra. He processed the issue of faith in the context of the verse s, first conveyed the views of the commentators before him, but not content with this, and came up with an original approach by reflecting his philosophical, sufi knowledge on his ideas about faith. As a matter of fact, the author has adapted his original thoughts about faith to both the individual and the society that have gone through evolutionary stages throughout history. In this context, faith is the field in which man objects from other beings or even biologically from his own kind. In the article, one of the main topics of Islam, faith, philosophy, Kalam, Tafsir by Mullah Sadra, who has an exceptional position in the field of identification and proof of the nature of faith is covered.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=47368</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 16 Issue 2[231-244]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/295</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Müsebbihât Sûrelerinin Tefsirinde Molla Sadrâ (ö. 1050/1640)’nın Tesbih Kavramına Yaklaşımı (Hadîd, Cum‘â ve Aʿlâ Sûreleri Bağlamında)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Molla Sadrâ’s Approach to the concept of Rosary in the Interpretation of Müsebbihât Surahs (In the Context of Hadîd, juma and A‘lâ Surahs) ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Emin ŞAHİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tefsir, Müsebbihât, tesbih, tenzih, Akıl, Molla Sadrâ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tafsir, Müsebbihât, rosary, tanzih, Intellect, Mullah Sadrâ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;İslam inancının temeli olan tevhid anlayışı etrafında şekillenen kavramlardan biri olan &amp;ldquo;tesbih&amp;rdquo; s&amp;ouml;zc&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; Kurʾ&amp;acirc;n &amp;acirc;yetlerinde Allah&amp;rsquo;ı tenzih anlamıyla kullanılmıştır. Tenzih ifade eden kavramın akıl sahibi olan insan, cin, melek ve evrende yer alan ancak akıl sahibi olmayan diğer nesnelere isnadı da Kurʾ&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;da yer almıştır. Bu bağlamda m&amp;uuml;fessirler akıl sahibi varlıkların tesbih eylemini anlamlandırma, yorumlama konusunda m&amp;uuml;şterek g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlere sahipken, akıl sahibi olmayan hatta canlılık &amp;ouml;zelliği bulunmayan nesnelerin tesbih eylemini idrak ve yorumlamada ihtilafa d&amp;uuml;şm&amp;uuml;şlerdir. Konuyu &amp;ouml;zellikle tasvvufi a&amp;ccedil;ıdan değerlendiren islam d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;rleri, b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n varlıkların varoluşları itibariyle Allah&amp;rsquo;ın varlığına işaret ettiğini belirtmişlerdir. Onlara g&amp;ouml;re varlıkları, ontolojik a&amp;ccedil;ıdan imk&amp;acirc;n ifade eden t&amp;uuml;m yaratılmışlar Allah&amp;rsquo;ın varlığına delalet etmektedirler. Bu y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;yle t&amp;uuml;m varlıklar Allah&amp;rsquo;a tesbih eyleminde bulunurlar. Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n s&amp;ucirc;relerinde akıl sahibi olmayan varlıkların tesbihiyle ilgili ifadeleri bazı m&amp;uuml;fessirler bu varlıkların yaratılış şekilleri &amp;uuml;zerine varlıklarını devam etmesi, lisanı hal ile a&amp;ccedil;ıklamışlardır. Kimi m&amp;uuml;fessirler ise Allah&amp;rsquo;ın k&amp;acirc;inatta yaratmış olduğu her varlıkta şuur bulunduğu d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesinden hareketle, b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n varlıkların yaratılışlarına uygun dil ile Allah&amp;rsquo;ı tesbih ettiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Tesbih konusundaki bu bilgilerden hareketle &amp;ccedil;alışmada ilk başta Arap dili bakımından tesbih kavramının dilsel analizi yapılacaktır. Bu makalede daha &amp;ccedil;ok filozof kimliğiye tanınan Molla Sadr&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;nın tefsir eserinde bir m&amp;uuml;fessir olarak tefsir eserinde inceleme konusu yaptığı M&amp;uuml;sebbih&amp;acirc;t s&amp;ucirc;relerinden Had&amp;icirc;d, Cum&amp;lsquo;a ve A&amp;lsquo;l&amp;acirc; s&amp;ucirc;relerinde, tesbih kavramının ge&amp;ccedil;tiği ayetleri yorumlanması bağlamında konu sınırlandırılmıştır. M&amp;uuml;ellifin zikredilen s&amp;ucirc;relerin ayetlerini tefsiri &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde akıllı ve gayri akil varlıkların tesbih eylemi ile ilgili g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şleri ve konuya yaklaşım metodu incelenilmiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;The word "rosary", which is one of the concepts shaped around the understanding of oneness, which is the basis of the Islamic belief, is used in the Quranic verses with the meaning of Allah beyond. The attribution of the concept expressing the beyond to rational human beings, jinn, angels and other objects in the universe but without intelligence is included in the Quran. In this context, while commentators have common views on the meaning and interpretation of the act of glorification of rational beings, they disagree on understanding and interpreting the glorification of objects that have no intelligence or even vitality. Islamic thinkers, who evaluated the issue especially in terms of Sufism, stated that all beings point to the existence of God in terms of their existence. According to them, all creatures that express their existence ontologically possible signify the existence of God. In this respect, all beings act of glorifying Allah. Some interpreters of the expressions about the glorification of beings who have no intelligence in the surahs of the Quran have explained the continuation of these beings on their way of creation, and their language is state. Some commentators, on the other hand, stated that they glorified Allah with the language suitable for the creation of all beings, based on the idea that there is consciousness in every being that God has created in the universe. Based on this information about the rosary, the linguistic analysis of the concept of rosary in terms of the Arabic language will be done first in the study. In this article, the subject of the interpretation of the verses in which the concept of rosary is mentioned in the chapters of Musebbih&amp;acirc;t, which is the subject of examination as a commentator in the commentary work of Molla Sadr&amp;acirc;, who is more known as a philosopher, is limited. Within the framework of the interpretation of the verses of the mentioned surahs, the author's views on the deeds of wise and intangible entities and the method of approaching the subject were examined.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=47367</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[  561-573 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/296</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Evkaf İdarelerindeki Islahat Sonrası Muhtelif Vakıfların İstisnaiyet Talebi ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Exception Requests of Various Foundatıons after Reform in Evkaf Administrations]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kemalettin KOÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Müstesna vakıflar, Osmanlı Devleti, Tanzimat, Vakıf İdaresi, Âşar vergisi, istisna (ayrıcalık)]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Exceptional foundations, Ottoman State, Tanzimat, administration, foundation, Âşar tax, exception]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Osmanlı Devleti, XIX. y&amp;uuml;zyılın başlarından itibaren idarede ıslahat yapmaya başlamıştır. &amp;Ouml;zellikle Evkaf Nezaretinin kurulmasıyla başlayan s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;ten evkaf idareleri de etkilenmiştir. Merkezileşme, &amp;ouml;nce merkez sonra il idareleri kurularak s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. İlerleyen s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;te, Evk&amp;acirc;f-ı M&amp;uuml;stesn&amp;acirc; adı verilen sekiz kalem evkaf dışında kalan b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n vakıfların idaresi Evkaf Nezaretine bırakılmıştır. Tanzimatın ilanından sonra Evk&amp;acirc;f-ı M&amp;uuml;stesn&amp;acirc; t&amp;acirc;şirden&lt;a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; istisna edilmiştir. İstisna edilen bu vakıflar Mevl&amp;acirc;n&amp;acirc; Cel&amp;acirc;ledd&amp;icirc;n-i R&amp;ucirc;m&amp;icirc; (Evkaf-ı Cel&amp;acirc;liye), Hacı Bekt&amp;acirc;ş-ı Vel&amp;icirc;, Abd&amp;uuml;lk&amp;acirc;dir-i Geyl&amp;acirc;n&amp;icirc;, Hacı Bayr&amp;acirc;m-ı Vel&amp;icirc;, Gazi Mihal, Ali ve S&amp;uuml;leyman Beyler ile Gazi Evrenos Bey vakıflarıdır. Adı ge&amp;ccedil;en vakıflar, eskiden olduğu gibi, m&amp;uuml;stesna tutulmuştur. Bundan sonra &amp;ccedil;eşitli tarihlerde bir&amp;ccedil;ok evkaf istisnaya d&amp;acirc;hil olmak i&amp;ccedil;in talepte bulunmuştur. Talepte bulunanlar arasında istisnaiyeti kabul edilenler olmuştur. Dolayısıyla istisna edilen evkafın sayısı artmıştır. 1890 yılına gelindiğinde, adı ge&amp;ccedil;en d&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml; Eizze-i Kiram, d&amp;ouml;rd&amp;uuml; Guzat-ı İzam olan m&amp;uuml;stesna evkafın dışında kalan b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;n vakıfların istisnalığı kaldırılmış ve bu vakıfların idaresi ile t&amp;acirc;şirinin, Maliye Hazinesi tarafından y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;lmesi kararı alınmıştır. Bu karardan sonra istisnaiyeti lağvedilen bir&amp;ccedil;ok evkaf m&amp;uuml;tevellisi, vakıflarının m&amp;uuml;stesna vakıflardan olduğunu iddia ederek, istisnaiyet taleplerini yenilemişlerdir. Ancak 1890&amp;rsquo;da &amp;ccedil;ıkarılan kanun, 1913&amp;rsquo;te de yenilenmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, &amp;ccedil;eşitli tarihlerde istisnaya d&amp;acirc;hil olmak isteyen vakıfların talepleri ile ilgili s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil; T&amp;uuml;rkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlıığı arşivlerinden temin edilen vesikalar ışığında incelenmiştir. Bu t&amp;uuml;r vakıf m&amp;uuml;tevellileri tarafından verilen arzuhal belgeleri, arşivden tespit edilmiştir. Merkez tarafından y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;len inceleme ve araştırmalardan sonra, adı ge&amp;ccedil;en vakıflardan &amp;ccedil;ok azının istisna olmasının bir s&amp;uuml;reliğine kabul edildiği, &amp;ccedil;oğunun talebinin kabul edilmediği anlaşılmaktadır.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Ottoman State XIX. Since the beginning of the century, it has started to make reforms in the administration. Foundations administrations have also been affected by the process that started with the establishment of the Ministry of Foundations. Centralization has maintained by first establishing a center and then provincial administrations. In the following process, the administration of all foundations, except for the eight items of foundations, called evkaf-ı m&amp;uuml;stesna has left to the Ministry of Foundations. After the announcement of the Tanzimat, it was exempted from the exceptional foundations t&amp;acirc;şir. The aforementioned foundations are excluded as they used to be. On various dates thereafter, many foundation made requests for exceptions. Among the claimants, there were those whose exception was accepted. Therefore, the number of exempted foundations has increased. When it came to 1890, the exception of all foundations except for the exceptional foundations, four of which were Eizze-i Kiram and four of which were Guzat-i Izam, were abolished and it was decided that the administration and arrangement of these foundations would be carried out by the Treasury. After this decision, many foundations trustees, whose exceptions were abolished, renewed their exemption requests, claiming that their foundations were from exceptional foundations. But unfortunately the law enacted in 1890 was renewed in 1913 as well. Therefore, in this study, the foundations that wanted to be included in the exception on various dates were examined by listing them in items. The documents of desire given by such foundation trustees have been identified from the archive. After the investigations and researches carried out by the center, it was understood that the exception of a few of the foundations mentioned was accepted for a while, but the demands of the majority were not accepted.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=47187</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[  545-560 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/297</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Özgünlük ve Taklit: Türkiye’de Babadağlılar Tekstil Pazarında Nitel Bir Çalışma]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Authenticity and Counterfeiting: A Qualitative Study in Babadağlılar Textile Bazaar, Turkey]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Bilge AKSAY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Özgünlük, Taklit, Ahilik, Türkiye, Post sekülerizm.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Authenticity, counterfeiting, Akhism, Turkey, Post secularism.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Özgünlük ve taklit birbiriyle zıt anlamda ilişkili kavramlardır. Bu kavramlar, belirli bir bağlamda anlam kazanır ve her ikisinin de soyolojik, psikolojik ve ekonomik sonuçları bulunmaktadır. Bir zaaatkar, ürünün değerini özgünlük üzerinden kazandırdığı için, bireyin özgünlüğü ve üründeki özgünlük birbirleyle ilişkilidir. Özgünlüğün el ürünü tekstil ürünlerinde temel değer olmasından hareketle, bu makale Türkiye’de bir tekstil pazarında zanaatkârların özgünlük ve taklite ilişkin uygulamalarını, algılamalarını ve tarihsel arka planı tartışmaktadır. Zanaatkârlar arasındaki özgünlük ve taklit ikilemi nitel analiz ve yazın taraması üzerinden incelenmiştir. Türkiye Denizli’de bulunan geleneksel bir tekstil pazarında yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler 2015 yılında gerçekleştirilmiş olup, 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında gözlem amacıyla iki ziyaret gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama süreci 2020 öncesinde olduğu için, bu araştırma için etik onam formu alınmamıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, zanaatkârların ahiliği özgünlüğün kaynağı olarak nitelendirdikleri bulunmuştur. 1913’te tamamen ortadan kaldırılan ahilik, İslam inancını merkeze alan tarihi bir lonca teşkilatıdır. Ahilikten kaynağını alan idealize edilmiş değerler sistemi ve taklitçiliği hızlandıran mekanizmaların özgünlüğü çıkmaza sürüklediği görülmüştür. Postseküler teoriyi temel alarak, bireysel İslami inancın farklı anlamlara açık olması nedeniyle özgünlüğü sağladığı, taklitçiliğin ise zanaatkârın kaynaklarıyla ilişkili olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Bu yönüyle çalışma zanaatkârlar arasındaki taklit üretim sürecinin iç yüzünü anlamaya katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışma, aynı zamanda özgünlük alanyazınına iş süreçleri ve anlayışları itibariyle katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Authenticity and counterfeiting are inversely related constructs. They have sociological, psychological, economic consequences and both find meaning in a specific context. For an artisan authenticity in self and product are intertwined since he/she directly adds value to the product in means of authenticity. As authenticity is the core value for handmade textile products, this paper discusses historical background, perceptions, and the business practices on authenticity and counterfeiting among artisans, in a textile bazaar in Turkey. The authenticity dilemma and counterfeiting among artisans have been investigated through qualitative analysis. Face to face interviews were conducted in a traditional textile bazaar, Denizli, Turkey. The interviews were conducted during 2015 and two visits were made in 2017 and 2018 for observation. Since the data collection process took place before 2020, ethics committee approval has not been obtained. As a result of the research, it was found that artisans considered akhism to be the source of authenticity. Abolished completely in 1913, Akhism is a historical guild organization that centered on the Islamic faith. It has been observed that the idealized value system derived from the Akhi-order, and the mechanisms that accelerate counterfeiting lead to an authenticity dilemma. Based on the post-secular theory, it is argued that individualized Islamic belief enhances authenticity via attained different understandings whereas counterfeiting is mainly related to the sources of the artisans. From this aspect, the research aims to add insights to the production side of counterfeiting among artisans. The study also intends to contribute to the transdisciplinary interest in authenticity literature from business practices and understandings’ perspective.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=46809</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[  479-494 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/298</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kıyamet ve Âhirete Taalluk Eden Konuların Mâzi ve Muzâri Fiille İfadesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Expression of the Topıcs Which Concern the Doomsday and the Hereafter in Past And Present Tenses]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Bekir YILDIRIM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Fiil, Kıyamet, Ahiret, Mâzi (Geçmiş Zaman), Muzâri (Şimdiki Zaman)]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Verb, Doomsday, Hereafter, Past Tense, Present Continous]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Kıyamet ve &amp;acirc;hiret olayı ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşmemiş bir vakıa olmasına rağmen Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;da onlara taalluk eden hususların m&amp;acirc;zi ve muz&amp;acirc;ri fiillerle beyan edildiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. &amp;Ouml;rneğin, kıyametin yaklaşması, cennetlik ve cehennemliklerin halleri, cennet ve cehennemlikler arasında ge&amp;ccedil;en konuşmalar m&amp;acirc;zi fiillerle aktarılmaktadır. Sura &amp;uuml;f&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lme, haşir, ink&amp;acirc;rcıların azaba &amp;ccedil;arptırılması, m&amp;uuml;minlerin cennete girmesi, cennette &amp;ouml;d&amp;uuml;llendirilmesi, m&amp;uuml;minlerin oradaki durumları muz&amp;acirc;ri &amp;uuml;slupla ifade edilmektedir. Ayrıca aynı konuların bile m&amp;acirc;zi ve muz&amp;acirc;ri iki zamanla da ifade edildikleri g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Haşir ve sura &amp;uuml;f&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lme, &amp;ouml;rneklerden bazılarıdır. Bu olayların m&amp;acirc;zi zamanla beyan edilmesi hem verilen haberlerin kesin olacağına işaret hem de bazı edat ve karineler sebebiyle gelecek anlam i&amp;ccedil;ermesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. M&amp;acirc;zi fiillerin anlamı şu hususlarda geleceğe d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şmektedir: &amp;ldquo;كُلَّمَا&amp;rdquo; edatından sonra gelen veya va&amp;lsquo;d ve vukuu kesin olan haberleri i&amp;ccedil;eren m&amp;acirc;zi fiiller geleceğe işaret etmektedir. Fiillerin va&amp;lsquo;d ifade etmesi c&amp;uuml;mlenin bağlamından veya başka karinelerle anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca fiil m&amp;acirc;zi ve atıf harfiyle gelir, atıf olunduğu fiil de (maʿt&amp;ucirc;fu&amp;rsquo;n aleyh) geleceğe del&amp;acirc;let ederse m&amp;acirc;zi fiilin anlamı istikbale d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;r. Şart c&amp;uuml;mlesindeki fiiller vuku bulacak olayların kesinlikle ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşeceğini ifade ederse m&amp;acirc;zi kalıpta kullanılmaktadır. Muz&amp;acirc;ri fiil, yenilenme ve tekrara delalet eder. Ayrıca dinleyiciye olayı yaşıyormuş hissi vermek i&amp;ccedil;in kullanılmaktadır. &amp;Acirc;hirete taalluk eden &amp;acirc;yetlerde ise muz&amp;acirc;ri fiilin geleceğe y&amp;ouml;nelik mevzular i&amp;ccedil;in kullanılması, eylemlerin tekrarını vurgulamak ve muhataba olayı yaşıyor hissi vermek i&amp;ccedil;indir. &amp;Acirc;yetler incelendiğinde muz&amp;acirc;ri fiilin &amp;ccedil;eşitli edatlar ve siyak nedeniyle geleceğe del&amp;acirc;let ettiği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. &amp;ldquo;سَ&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;سَوْفَ&amp;rdquo; edatları muz&amp;acirc;ri fiili, halden alıp anlamını gelecek zamana d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; gibi &amp;ldquo;أَنْ/لَنْ/كَيْ/اِذَنْ&amp;rdquo; edatları da muz&amp;acirc;riyi nasp edip anlamını istikbale &amp;ccedil;evirir. &amp;ldquo;لَنْ&amp;rdquo; edatı gelecek ifade edip anlamı olumsuza d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;r. &amp;ldquo;كَيْ&amp;rdquo; sebep ifade etmekle beraber istikbal anlamı i&amp;ccedil;erir. Muz&amp;acirc;ri fiil va&amp;lsquo;d anlamını barındırırsa zaman olarak geleceği işaret eder. Geleceğe ait işleri i&amp;ccedil;eren fiiller bu kapsama girmektedir. Şart edatlarının muz&amp;acirc;riyi cezmedeni ve etmeyeni, fiilin anlamını geleceğe d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;r. &amp;Acirc;hirete taalluk eden &amp;acirc;yetlerde ise şart c&amp;uuml;mleleri, şart ve cevabının muz&amp;acirc;ri fiil veya şart fiilinin muz&amp;acirc;ri, cevabının ise isim c&amp;uuml;mlesi şeklinde olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada geleceğe dair olayların ni&amp;ccedil;in Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n&amp;rsquo;da m&amp;acirc;zi ve muz&amp;acirc;ri &amp;uuml;sl&amp;ucirc;pla ifade edildiği &amp;acirc;yetlerden &amp;ouml;rneklerle ortaya konulmaya &amp;ccedil;alışılmıştır. Hangi karineler nedeniyle m&amp;acirc;zi ve muz&amp;acirc;ri fiillerin geleceğe işaret ettiği a&amp;ccedil;ıklanmıştır. Yine bazı fiillerin hem m&amp;acirc;zi hem de muz&amp;acirc;ri kullanımının nedenleri &amp;uuml;zerinde durulmuştur.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Despite the fact that the doomsday and the hereafter were not realized, it is seen that the issues related to them are stated in the Quran with past (mād͎i) and present (mud͎āri&amp;rsquo;) verbs. For instance, the approaching of the doomsday, the circumstances of heavenly and infernal people and the conversations between them are conveyed with past verbs. Blowing the last trump, resurrecting, punishing deniers, letting believers go into heaven, rewarding them in heaven and status of believers in there are expressed with present tenses.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Besides, it is seen that even the same issues are expressed in both present and past tenses.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Resurrecting and blowing the last trump are some of the examples for these.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The declaration of these events with past time is due to both indicating that the news given will be definite and the expression contains future meaning due to some prepositions and prescriptions. The meaning of the past verbs (fi&amp;rsquo;l al-mād͎i) turns into the future in the following matters: Verbs which are came after the preposition of &amp;ldquo;كُلَّمَا&amp;rdquo; promises (wa&amp;rsquo;d), past verbs which are contain news that are certain to happen point to the future. Verbs expressing promises (wa&amp;lsquo;d) can be understood from their meaning or the context of the sentence. In addition, if the past verb comes with a reference letter, and the verb which it refers (maʿt&amp;ucirc;fun alayh) indicates the future, the meaning of the past verb indicates the future. If the verbs in the conditional statement express that the events that will occur will definitely take place, the past pattern is used. Mud͎āri&amp;rsquo; verb, in terms of meaning, indicates renewal and repetition. It is also used to give the listener the feeling of experiencing the event. In the verses related to the hereafter, using of the mud͎āri&amp;rsquo;/present verb for future issues is to emphasize the repetition of the actions and to give the addressee the feeling that the event is alive. It is seen that the mud͎āri&amp;rsquo; verb indicates the future due to various prepositions and its context. These are: (سَ) and (سَوْفَ) prepositions take the mud͎āri&amp;rsquo; verb from the state and convert its meaning into future tense. The preposition of &amp;ldquo;أَنْ/لَنْ/كَيْ/اِذَنْ&amp;rdquo;appoints to mud͎āri&amp;rsquo; and turns it&amp;rsquo;s meaning into future. The preposition &amp;ldquo;لَنْ&amp;rdquo; turns the future into negative. While &amp;ldquo;كَيْ&amp;rdquo; expresses reasons, it turns the meaning into the future. If the mud͎āri&amp;rsquo; verb contains the meaning of promise (wa&amp;rsquo;d), it indicates the future as time. Verbs involving future work are included in this scope. The conditional prepositions that make &amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;cazm&amp;rdquo; &lt;/em&gt;to mud͎āri&amp;rsquo; and do not turn the meaning of the verb into the future. In the verses that are related to the hereafter, the conditional sentences, the condition and the answer are mud͎āri&amp;rsquo;, the conditional verb mud͎āri&amp;rsquo; answer is the noun phrase; ıt is seen in this form. In this study, it is tried to reveal, with examples from the verses, why the events regarding the future are expressed with past and present time in the Qur&amp;rsquo;an. Due to which presumtions, the meaningful and prophetic verbs are indicative of the future. Also, the reasons for the use of some verbs in both past and present tenses are emphasized.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=46669</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[  595-613 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/299</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti ile Artuklular İlişkilerinin Anadolu’da Siyasi Birliğin Kurulması Yönüyle İncelenmesi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Examination of the Relationship between the Turkey Seljuk State and Artukids in terms of Establishing the Political Union in Anatolia]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Suat BAL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Türkiye Selçukluları, Artuklular, Anadolu’da Siyasi Birlik, Harput, Mardin, Hısnıkeyfâ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Turkey Seljuk’s, Artukids, Political Union in Anatolia, Harput, Mardin, Hısnıkeyfa]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;T&amp;uuml;rkiye Sel&amp;ccedil;uklu Devleti (1075-1308),&amp;nbsp; Malazgirt Savaşından sonra Anadolu&amp;rsquo;da kurulmuştur. Zamanla Anadolu&amp;rsquo;nun en g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; devleti olan T&amp;uuml;rkiye Sel&amp;ccedil;ukluları, Anadolu&amp;rsquo;da siyasi birliği tesis etmek i&amp;ccedil;in b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k m&amp;uuml;cadeleler vermiştir. Artuklular, Anadolu&amp;rsquo;nun doğu ve g&amp;uuml;ney b&amp;ouml;lgelerinde, Hısnıkeyf&amp;acirc; (Hasankeyf 1101-1231), Harput (1185-1234) ve Mardin (1108-1409) Artukluları olmak &amp;uuml;zere &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; kol halinde h&amp;uuml;k&amp;uuml;m s&amp;uuml;rm&amp;uuml;şlerdir. Artuklular&amp;rsquo;ın kendi i&amp;ccedil;lerinde birlik olamaması, b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k bir devlet olmalarına engel olmuştur. Bunun yanında, ayrı beylikler şeklinde etraflarındaki devletlerle ittifak yaparak ve onların himayesine girerek uzun bir hayat yaşamışlardır. T&amp;uuml;rkiye Sel&amp;ccedil;uklu Devleti ile Artuklular yakın ilişki i&amp;ccedil;inde olmuşlardır. T&amp;uuml;rkiye Sel&amp;ccedil;uklu Devleti&amp;rsquo;nin doğu politikasında, Artuklular, kilit rol oynamışlardır. Artuklu Beyliğinin toprakları, Anadolu&amp;rsquo;nun tabi sınırları i&amp;ccedil;indedir. Ayrıca Artuklular, Sel&amp;ccedil;uklular gibi bir Oğuz boyudur. Artuklular, b&amp;ouml;lgedeki diğer devletlere karşı hatta i&amp;ccedil; m&amp;uuml;cadelelerinde birbirlerine karşı, T&amp;uuml;rkiye Sel&amp;ccedil;uklu Devleti&amp;rsquo;nin himayesine girmiş ve yardım almışlardır. Artuklular, Ha&amp;ccedil;lılara karşı kahramanca m&amp;uuml;cadele ederek, bu konuda İslam d&amp;uuml;nyasına dolayısı ile T&amp;uuml;rkiye Sel&amp;ccedil;uklu Devletine destek olmuşlardır. Artuklular, bulundukları jeopolitik konum nedeniyle b&amp;ouml;lgede yaşanan siyasi olaylara isteyerek veya istemeyerek m&amp;uuml;dahil olmak zorunda kalmışlardır. Ancak Artuklular, bulundukları konumu kendi yararlarına &amp;ccedil;ok iyi kullanmışlar, etraflarındaki b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k devletlere karşı, onların himayelerine girmek suretiyle de olsa, toprak b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nl&amp;uuml;klerini korumayı bilmişlerdir. Artuklular, varlıklarını muhafaza i&amp;ccedil;in diğer devletlerin saldırılarında ve kendi i&amp;ccedil; &amp;ccedil;atışmalarında en fazla T&amp;uuml;rkiye Sel&amp;ccedil;uklularından yardım istemişler ve onların himayesine sığınmışlardır. T&amp;uuml;rkiye Sel&amp;ccedil;uklularına karşı da Suriye Sel&amp;ccedil;ukluları, B&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k Sel&amp;ccedil;uklular, Zeng&amp;icirc;ler, Eyy&amp;ucirc;b&amp;icirc;ler ve b&amp;ouml;lgedeki diğer siyasi g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;lere sığınmış ve onların himayesini tanımışlardır. Sultan I. Al&amp;acirc;eddin Keykub&amp;acirc;d, Eyy&amp;ucirc;b&amp;icirc;lerle ittifak yapan Harput Artuklu Beyliğini yıkmıştır. Sultan I. Al&amp;acirc;eddin Keykub&amp;acirc;d Harput ve &amp;ccedil;evresini, II. Gıy&amp;acirc;seddin Keyh&amp;uuml;srev de &amp;Acirc;mid (Diyarbakır) ve &amp;ccedil;evresini alarak Anadolu&amp;rsquo;da T&amp;uuml;rk siyasi birliğini b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de sağlamışlardır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Turkey Seljuk State (1075-1308) was founded in Anatolia after the Battle of Malazgirt. Seljuk Turks that became the strongest state in Anatolia significantly struggled to establish a political union in the region. Artukids ruled in the east and south of Anatolia in three factions as Hısnikeyfa (Hasankeyf 1101-1231), Harput (1185-1234) and Mardin (1108-1409) Artukids. Inability of Artukids to unite prevented them from being a major state. However, they survived for a long time as separate principalities by forming alliances with the nearby states and getting under their auspices. Turkey Seljuk State was in close relation with Artukids. Artukids played a key role in the eastern policy of Turkey Seljuk State. The territories of the Artukids are within the natural boundaries of Anatolia. Furthermore, Artukids is an Oghuz state similar to Seljuks. Artukids were under the auspices of Turkey Seljuk State against the other states in the region and even for their internal conflicts. Artukids bravely fought against Crusaders and supported the Islamic world; thus, the Turkey Seljuk State. Artukids participated in the political events in the region intentionally or unintentionally due to their geopolitical location. However, Artukids used this location to their best interest and protected their territorial integrity against the major states, even if it meant getting under their auspices. In order to maintain their existence, Artukids mostly asked support from Seljuk Turks and got under their auspices both against the attacks of other states and in their internal conflicts. They got under the auspices of Seljuk Syrians, Great Seljuks, Zengids, Ayyubids and other political powers in the region against the Seljuk Turks. Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad I demolished Harput Artukids that formed an alliance with Ayyubids. Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad I conquered Harput and its vicinity while Giyaseddin Keyh&amp;uuml;srev II conquered Amid (Diyarbakır) and its vicinity and thus established the Turkish political union in Anatolia.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=46344</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[  495-506 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/300</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Dehşet Yönetimi Kuramı ve Dinî Dünya Görüşü Bağlamında Ölüm Korkusuyla Başa Çıkma: Ankara Terör Saldırıları Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Coping with the Fear of Death in the Context of Terror Management Theory and Religious Worldview: A Qualitative Research on Terrorist Attacks in Ankara]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İsa CEYLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Asım YAPICI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Dehşet Yönetimi Kuramı, Ölüm korkusu, Benlik saygısı,  Başa çıkma stratejileri]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Terror Management Theory, Fear of death, Self-esteem, Coping Strategies]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo;de 1970&amp;rsquo;lerden bu yana ter&amp;ouml;r saldırıları sıklıkla g&amp;uuml;ndemdeki yerini almaktadır. Kitlesel katliamlara d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şebilen bu ter&amp;ouml;r saldırıları masum insanların &amp;ouml;ld&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lmesi ile sınırlı kalmayıp ter&amp;ouml;r olayını yakından g&amp;ouml;ren, duyan t&amp;uuml;m insanları da derinden etkilemektedir. Bu durum bizzat ter&amp;ouml;rist eyleme maruz kalan birincil, bu t&amp;uuml;r eylemlerden hafif etkilenen ikincil ve basın-yayın başta olmak &amp;uuml;zere farklı iletişim kanallarıyla durumdan haberdar olan &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l kişilerde farklı d&amp;uuml;zeyde derin duygusal sarsıntılara sebep olabilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Ankara&amp;rsquo;da yaşayan, dindar olduğunu ifade eden, ter&amp;ouml;r patlamaları sonrası &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m korkusunu (dehşeti) ikincil ve &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l d&amp;uuml;zeyde deneyimleyen bireylerin &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m korkusuyla başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma stratejileri ele alınmaktadır. Ter&amp;ouml;r patlamalarından sonra deneyimlenen korkuyu arttıran unsurların ortak etkilerine ulaşmak, onları yorumlamak ve yaşanan bu dehşetle başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma stratejilerini ortaya koymak ama&amp;ccedil;lanmıştır. Ter&amp;ouml;r saldırılarından etkilenen bireylerin bu deneyimleri nasıl algıladıklarını araştıran bu &amp;ccedil;alışmanın deseni nitel araştırma y&amp;ouml;ntemlerinden fenomenolojik (g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ng&amp;uuml; bilimsel) desende ve g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme tekniğindedir. Araştırmanın &amp;ouml;rneklemi 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında Ankara&amp;rsquo;da ger&amp;ccedil;ekleşen bombalı patlamaları deneyimlemiş g&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ll&amp;uuml; 17 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Veriler 2016 yılının Eyl&amp;uuml;l ayında toplanmıştır. Araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme formu kullanılmış olup veri analiz s&amp;uuml;re&amp;ccedil;lerinde katılımcıların g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şlerinden hareketle temalar ve alt temalar belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada &amp;ldquo;&amp;Ouml;l&amp;uuml;m Korkusunu (Dehşeti) Arttıran Fakt&amp;ouml;rler&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;&amp;Ouml;l&amp;uuml;m Korkusuyla Başa &amp;Ccedil;ıkma Stratejileri&amp;rdquo; olarak beliren merkezi şemalar Dehşet Y&amp;ouml;netimi Kuramı ve din&amp;icirc; d&amp;uuml;nya g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml; yaklaşımı &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evesinde değerlendirilmiştir. &amp;Ouml;l&amp;uuml;ml&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;k duygusunun belirginleşmesi ile beraber patlamalardan etkilenen (olaya ikincil ve &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml;l olarak tanık olan) bireylerin benlik saygısını y&amp;uuml;kseltme isteği ve bunun &amp;uuml;zerinden ait olunan k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;n değerlerine entegrasyon s&amp;uuml;recine girildiği g&amp;ouml;zlemlenmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;er&amp;ccedil;evede &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m korkusuyla başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma stratejileri temasına &amp;ldquo;daha &amp;ouml;ncesinde deneyimlenen benzer yaşantılar, duyarsızlaşma, tarihteki benzer olayları hatırlama, duyguları y&amp;ouml;netmeye &amp;ccedil;alışma, ders &amp;ccedil;ıkarma d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncesi, kalabalıklardan uzak durma eğilimi, tedbire riayet arzusu, din&amp;icirc; ve manev&amp;icirc; değerlerden destek alma &amp;ccedil;abası&amp;rdquo; kategorilerinden ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada, yaşanan dehşetten sonra beliren &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;ml&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;k duygusunu tamponlamak amacıyla g&amp;ouml;sterilen reaksiyonlarda &amp;ouml;zellikle din&amp;icirc; d&amp;uuml;nya g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n, başa &amp;ccedil;ıkma stratejilerini b&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;nsel olarak etkilediği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. Ayrıca T&amp;uuml;rkiye toplumunda din&amp;icirc;/manev&amp;icirc; değer ve inan&amp;ccedil;ların ger&amp;ccedil;ek bir &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;ms&amp;uuml;zl&amp;uuml;k duygusu yaşattığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Patlamalar sonrası bireylerin hissettikleri g&amp;uuml;vensizlik duygusu ve varoluşsal kaygıyla baş etme ile Aşkın Varlığa olan g&amp;uuml;ven arasında doğrusal bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Bireyin din&amp;icirc; d&amp;uuml;nya g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;n, oluşan &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m korkusunu azaltmada &amp;ouml;nemli bir rol aldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Since the 1970's terrorist attacks in Turkey often take place on the agenda. These terrorist attacks, which can turn into mass murder, are not limited to the killing of innocent people, but also deeply affect all people who see and hear about the terrorist incident. This situation may cause deep emotional tremors at different levels in the primary who are personally exposed to terrorist acts, the secondary who are slightly affected by such acts, and tertiary persons who are aware of the situation through different communication channels, especially the media. This research focuses on the coping strategies of individuals living in Ankara, who express that they are religious and who experience fear of death (terror) at secondary and tertiary levels after terrorist explosions. It was aimed to reach and interpret the common effects of the factors that increase the fear experienced after the terrorist explosions and to reveal the strategies to cope with this fear. The design of this study, which investigates how individuals affected by terrorist attacks perceive these experiences, is one of the qualitative research method phenomenological design and interview technique. The sample of the research consists of 17 volunteers who experienced bomb explosions in Ankara in 2015 and 2016. Data were collected in September 2016. Semi-structured interview form was used in the study, and themes and sub-themes were determined based on the opinions of the participants in the data analysis processes. In the study, the central schemas that appear as "Factors Increasing Fear of Death" and "Coping Strategies with Fear of Death" were evaluated within the framework of Terror Management Theory and religious worldview. With the emergence of the sense of mortality, it was observed that the individuals who were affected by the explosions (who witnessed the event as secondary and tertiary) wanted to increase their self-esteem and through this, the process of integration into the values of the culture belonged to. In this context, the theme of coping strategies with the fear of death was reached from the categories of "similar experiences lived before, depersonalization, remembering similar events in the history, trying to manage emotions, the thought of learning lessons; the tendency to stay away from the crowds; taking measures and getting support from religious/spiritual values." In the study, it was observed that especially the religious worldview affected coping strategies in a holistic way in the reactions shown to buffer the sense of mortality that emerged after the terror. It was also concluded that immortality was a real beliefs and sense of religious values of the society in Turkey. It has been observed that there is a linear relationship between the sense of insecurity felt by individuals after the explosions, coping with existential anxiety and trust in the Transcendental Being. It has been concluded that the religious worldview of the individual plays an important role in reducing the fear of death.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=46019</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[  643-666  ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/301</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ Hidayete Ulaşmanın Önündeki Engeller]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ The Obstacles Reaching to Spiritual Guidance]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yusuf AKBAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hidayet, kurtuluş, rehberlik, birey, bilişsellik, fıtrat, özgürlük, bağımlılık]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Spiritual guidance, guidance, cognition, obstacles, Fitrah (the original disposition of the human), freedom, dependence.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Tarih boyunca insanlar; dinlerin rehberliği üzerinden kendilerini hem bu dünyada hem de ahirette mutlu kılmak, kurtuluşa ermek ya da hidayete ulaştırmak istemişlerdir. Örneğin kurtuluş teolojisi hem Yahudi hem de Hristiyan geleneğinin temel esaslarından biridir. Bu inanca göre; Yahudi tanrısı kurtarıcı, tarihi de bir kurtuluş tarihidir. Onlara göre Mesih, Tanrı adına krallığını hâkim kılacak ve böylece seçilmiş İsrail toplumu aracılığıyla dünyada adalet egemen olacaktır. Kurtuluş teolojisi, Hıristiyanlıkta da merkezi bir konuma sahiptir. Söz konusu teolojinin tarihi kökeni, Hz. Âdem ve eşinin işledikleri günaha dayandırılmaktadır. Bu günah, Âdem’in şahsında bütün insanlığın günahı olarak kabul edilmiş ve bu sebeple her insan günahkâr olarak dünyaya gelmiştir. Aslî günah, insanın doğuştan kaderi olduğu için insanın kendi potansiyeli ve eylemleriyle bu günahtan kurtulması imkânsızdır. Bu sebeple Tanrı, oğlu İsa’yı göndermiş ve insanın kurtuluşu için onu kefaret olarak kurban etmiştir.  Kur’an’ın getirdiği dünya görüşü, insanlığa bir kurtuluş teolojisi değil hidayet teolojisi sunmaktadır. Kur’an, ‘bireysel ve toplumsal kurtuluş’ yerine bireysel ‘hidayet’ kavramı üzerinde durmuştur. Mensubiyetten kaynaklı bir kurtuluş yerine bireyin eylemlerine bağlı bir hidayetin olduğu Kur’an’da açıkça vurgulanmıştır. Kur’an’ın tarihteki topluluk vurgusu birey ve ilke temellidir. İnsan, bilgi elde etme kapasitesine, akla ve özgür iradeye sahip bir varlıktır. İnsanın varlığı ve imtihanı tamamen bu unsurlara dayanır. İnsanın bu potansiyelleri sebebiyle ilk imtihanı Hz. Âdem’in düşüşü şeklinde ifadelendirilen yasak meyveden yemesiyle başlar. İnsan, özgür iradesini ilk defa bu hadisede kullanmıştır. Özgürlüğünü ahlaki olarak yanlış kullanan her Âdem/insan, düşüşe geçmiş olacaktır. Dolayısıyla Hz. Âdem’in hikâyesi, her birey için ilk örnek durumundadır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Throughout history people wanted to make themselves happy both in this world and in the hereafter to reach salvation and spiritual guidance through the directions of religions. Salvation theology, for example, is one of the fundamental principles of both the Jewish and the Christian tradition. According to this belief, The Jewish God is the savior, his history is a history of salvation. According to them, Christ will rule his kingdom in the name of God, and so justice will rule in the world through the chosen people of Israel. Salvation theology is also central to Christianity. The historical origin of the theology is based on the sin committed by Adam and his wife. This sin has been accepted as the sin of all mankind in the person of Adam and therefore every human being was born as a sinner. Since the original sin is the innate destiny of man, it is impossible for man to get rid of this sin with his own potential and actions. Therefore, God sent his son Jesus and sacrificed him as atonement for the salvation of man. The world view brought by the Qur'an offers humanity a theology of spiritual guidance, not a salvation theology. The Qur'an focused on the concept of individual “spiritual guidance” instead of “individual and social salvation”. It is clearly emphasized in the Quran that there is spiritual guidance based on the actions of the individual, rather than a salvation from affiliation. The Quran's emphasis on community in history is based on individuality and principles. Man has the capacity to obtain knowledge, reason and free. Human existence and testing is based entirely on these factors. Because of these potentials of man, the first test was starts with eating the forbidden fruit, which is expressed as the fall of Adam. Man used his free will for the first time in this incident. Any Adam / human who misuses his freedom morally will be in decline. Therefore, Hz. The story of Adam is the first example for every individual.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=45818</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[283-295]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Cengiz Aytmatov’un Eserlerinde Öne Çıkan Varoluşsal Temalar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Existential Themes Prominent in Chingiz Aitmatov's Works]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Erol ÇETİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[din felsefesi, Cengiz Aytmatov, felsefe, edebiyat, varoluşçu felsefe.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[the philosophy of religion, Chingiz Aitmatov, philosophy, literature, existentialist philosophy.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Cengiz Aytmatov, eserlerinde insan varoluşunu birçok açıdan ele almaya çalışan önemli bir yazar ve düşünür olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İnsanın düşünce, duygu, his ve irade boyutlarını kendine özgü bir üslupla değerlendirmeye tabi tutan Aytmatov, varoluşu anlamlandırma noktasında dikkate değer fikirler ileri sürmüştür. Onun eserlerini bu denli önemli kılan şey, milli ve yerel olandan evrensele ulaşabilmesidir. Bu bağlamda Aytmatov tüm insanlığın ortak acılarını, sevinçlerini, hayallerini, hüzünlerini ve özlemlerini eserlerinde oldukça başarılı bir şekilde ifade etmiştir. Hem yerel değerlerini bütün benliğinde içselleştirmesi hem de insanlığın evrensel sorunlarına karşı çok hassas olması onun ve eserlerinin insanların gönlünde bambaşka bir yer edinmesini sağlamıştır. Cengiz Aytmatov’u özgün kılan diğer bir husus ise onun neredeyse her bir cümlesinde varoluşun dinamizmi ve canlılığının somut bir şekilde hissediliyor olmasıdır. Bu anlamda Aytmatov’un kaleminden damlayan her bir kelimenin, cümlenin; hayatın kendisinde bıraktığı izlerin birer yansıması olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle felsefe-edebiyat arasında ne tür bir ilişki olduğu ele alınmış akabinde varoluşçu felsefe ile edebiyat arasındaki ilişkinin mahiyeti hakkında temel bilgiler verilmiştir. Daha sonra ise Cengiz Aytmatov’un eserlerinin felsefe ve varoluşçu felsefeyle alakası irdelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda ise onun eserlerinde önce çıkan; insan, tabiat, Tanrı, özgürlük, yabancılaşma, savaş, baba figürü, intihar, kader, çaresizlik ve kötülük gibi varoluşsal temalar din felsefesinde çok önemli bir yere sahip olan varoluşçu felsefî yaklaşım çerçevesinde incelenmiştir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Chingiz Aitmatov appears as an important writer and thinker trying to deal with human existence in many ways in his works. Aitmatov, who evaluates the dimensions of human thought, feeling, emotion and will in a unique and authentic style, put forward remarkable ideas in terms of making sense of existence. What makes his works so important is that he can reach the universal from the national and local. In this context, Aitmatov was able to successfully express the common pains, joys, dreams, sorrows and longings of humanbeing in his works. Both his internalization of local values and virtues and his being very sensitive to the universal problems of humanity enabled him and his works to gain a completely different place in the hearts of people. Another point that makes Chingiz Aitmatov authentic is that the dynamism and vitality of existence is felt in a concrete way in almost every sentence of him. In this sense, every word and sentence dripping from Aitmatov's pen; it would not be wrong to say that life is a reflection of the traces left on itself. In this study, firstly, what kind of relationship between philosophy and literature is discussed, then basic information about the nature of the relationship between existentialist philosophy and literature is given. Then, the relevance of Chingiz Aitmatov's works to philosophy and existential philosophy is examined. In this context, the first in his works; Existential themes such as human, nature, God, freedom, alienation, war, father figure, suicide, fate, helplessness and evil is investigated within the framework of the existentialist philosophical approach, which has a very important place in the philosophy of religion.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=45752</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[297-322]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/303</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Meister Eckhart Düşüncesinde Lütuf Tecrübesi ve Kutsal’a Dönüşüm]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Experience of Grace and Godification in Meister Eckhart’s Thought]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Halil İbrahim KÖSE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Felsefesi, Mistisizm, Meister Eckhart, Lütuf tecrübesi, Tanrı’laşma]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Philosophy of Religion, Mysticism, Meister Eckhart, Experience of grace, Godification]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Geç Orta Çağ döneminin etkili figürlerinden biri olan Alman Dominik Meister Eckhart, bir vaiz, mistik ve teolog olarak ortaya koymuş olduğu eserleriyle felsefi ve teolojik birtakım tartışmaların zeminini hazırlamıştır. Felsefenin temel konularından biri olan mistisizm konusunda savunduğu bazı görüşler yüzünden papalık fetvasıyla kınanacak ve kâfir ilan edilecek kadar da kilisenin dikkatini çekmiş bir isimdir. İnsanı “özüne dönmüş olan” olarak tanımlarken, ilahi bir müdahale ve lütufla, kişinin bu dönüşüm sürecinin sonunda Tanrı’nın oğlu hatta daha da ileri giderek Tanrı’nın kendisi olacağını ifade eden Eckhart, her ne kadar teorik anlamda bir aşama ve kademelilik fikrinden bahsetmese de pratik anlamda birtakım çaba ve disiplin gerektiren hallerden bahsederek, bu dönüşümün yolunu dinleyicilerine göstermeyi başarmıştır. Negatif teolojiyi benimseyen Eckhart, takipçilerine Tanrı hakkında konuşmaktansa susulmasını önermiş olsa da Aristo’nun “benzeri benzer bilir” ilkesinden hareketle, insanın Tanrı hakkında bir şeyler bilebilmesi için kutsal bir dönüşüm geçirerek Tanrı’laşması gerektiğini ileri sürmüştür. Tanrı’yı tek gerçek varlık kabul ederken, Tanrı dışında yaratılanları bir hiç olarak değerlendiren düşünürümüz, insanın varlık sahasına çıkması ve varlık kazanabilmesi için bu dönüşüme muhtaç olduğunu ifade etmiştir. İki tür lütuftan bahseden Eckhart, bedelsiz olarak verilen ve Tanrı’dan çıkış olarak ifade ettiği yaratımın ilk lütuf olduğunu ve herkese verildiğini, Tanrı’ya dönüş olarak ifade ettiği ikinci lütfun ise sadece zeki ve anlayış sahibi olup, bu dönüşüm için çaba sarf edenlere verileceğini belirtmiştir. Bu dönüşümü soyutlanma, aydınlanma, özdeşleşme ve atılım olmak üzere dört aşamada geçekleştirebilecek olan insan, bir nevi aslına, özüne rücu etmektedir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[German Dominican Meister Eckhart, who is one of the most efficient figures of Late Medieval Era, established a ground for a set of theological and philosophical discussions with his works he produced as a preacher, a mystic and a theologian. He is a person who drew the attention of the Church because of a number of opinions he advocated about mysticism which form the main subject of philosophy, and he was therefore condemned by a papal bull and was even deemed heretic. Having defined human as the one “turning back to his essence” Eckhart, who states that human being will become the Son of the God, and going even further that he will become the God Himself, does not theoretically mention an idea of gradualness or phases, however he succeeds in presenting the way of this change by mentioning states which require a certain amount of effort and discipline. Having adopted negative theology, Eckhart, despite advising his followers to keep quiet about God rather than speaking about Him, asserted that in order for a human to know something about God, he must Godify himself by experiencing a divine transformation moving from Aristotle’s principle of “the experience or recall of one object will elicit the recall of things similar to that object”. The thinker, who appreciates created beings as nothing except God, while considering God as the only real existence, expresses that so as for human beings to show up in the field of existence and to be able to exist, they rely on this transformation. Having mentioned two graces, Eckhart remarks that the Creation which is given without any charge and which he calls exitus from God is the first grace and it is granted to all, and that the second grace, which he reflects as reditus to God, is to be given to only those who are smart and have intelligence, and do their diligence for this transformation. Human being, who can realize this transformation in for stages, namely detachment/purification, illumination, union/ecstasy and springing, in some way returns to his self, his essence.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=45698</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[  381-391]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/304</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ Bahtiyar Vahapzâde’nin Şiirlerinde Manevî-Tasavvufî Boyut]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Spiritual- Mystical Dimension in the Poems of Bahtiyar Vahapzade]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet ÖZKAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf, Bahtiyar Vahapzâde, Şiir, Manevi, Dînî]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Mysticism, Bahtiyar Vahapzade, Poetry, Spiritual, Religious]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Bahtiyar Vahapzâde, Azerbaycan’ın ve Türk Dünyasının en önemli edebî şahsiyetlerindendir. Ömrü boyunca milli ve manevî değerleri önceleyen eserler kaleme almış, insanın yaratılışı, iç çatışmaları ve zıtlıkları, ömrün dönemleri, vatan sevgisi, sanatının ana konularını oluşturmuştur. Bahtiyar Vahapzâde hakkında çoğunluğu edebiyatçılar tarafından kaleme alınan ve daha çok şekil üzerinde duran makaleler yazılmış, tezler yapılmıştır. Muhteva ile ilgili olanlar ise Türk dili konusundaki hassasiyeti, milli duygu ve düşünceleri gibi konularla sınırlı kalmıştır. Tüm bunları besleyen manevî unsurlar ise fazlaca dile getirilmemiştir. Bu makale, Vahapzâde hakkındaki çalışmalarda eksik bırakılan O’nun şiirlerindeki manevî-tasavvufî unsurları tespit etmek amacıyla yazılmıştır. Sentezci yorumlama yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmamızın sınırlılığı Vahapzâde’nin şiirleridir. Birçok alanda sanatsal eserler veren müellifin araştırmamızda şiirleri göz önüne alınmıştır. Fikirlerini desteklemek amacıyla birkaç makalesine de atıf yapılmıştır. Netice itibariyle, Vahapzâde’nin, geleneksel bir Türk ailesinde büyümüş olması, örf ve adetleri ailesinin aksakallılarından öğrenerek inandığı değerleri içselleştirmesi, güzellikleri kendi özünde bulması, onu manevî yönden güçlü bir kişilik olarak ortaya çıkarmıştır. Kendi deyimiyle “dertli” bir insandır. Ömrü boyunca milletin, istiklâlin, maneviyatın derdini çekmiştir. Kadîm edebiyata olan ilgisi bu vasıtayla aktarılan manevi dinamikler konusunda da bilgi sahibi olmasını sağlamıştır. Vahapzâde bir mutasavvıf olmamasına rağmen, izah edilen sebeplerle, şiirlerinde manevî-tasavvufî unsurlara yer vermiş, topluma aktardığı mesajlar bu temel üzerinden yükselmiştir. Araştırma, Vahapzâde hakkında yapılacak çalışmalara farklı bir bakış açısı sunacaktır.   ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Bahtiyar Vahapzade is one of the most important literary figures of Azerbaijan and the Turkish World. Throughout his life, he penned works that prioritized national and spiritual values. The creation, internal conflicts and opposites of human beings, periods of life, love of homeland, were the main subjects of his art. The majority of the articles and theses written about him, were written by the literati which mostly focused on the figure rather than the content. The ones related to the content were limited to subjects such as their sensitivity on Turkish language, their national feelings and thoughts. The spiritual elements that feed all of this have not been sufficiently expressed. This article was written in order to identify the spiritual-mystical elements in his poems which, were not adequately dealt with in the studies about Vahapzâde. The limitation of our study, in which the synthesis interpretation method is used, constitutes the poems of Vahapzade. Several of his articles have also been cited in support of his ideas. As a result, the fact that Vahapzâde grew up in a traditional Turkish family, internalized the values he believed in by learning the traditions and customs of his family, and the discovery of the beauties in his essence revealed him as a spiritually strong personality. In his own words, he is a "suffering" person. Throughout his life, he has worried about the nation's independence and spirituality. His interest in ancient literature also enabled him to have knowledge of related spiritual dynamics. Despite the fact that he was not a Sufi, for reasons explained, his poems included spiritual-mystical elements, and his messages to the society rose on this basis. The research will offer a different perspective to the studies about Vahapzâde.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=45478</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[  411-424]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/305</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Yabancılaşma Olgusunun Aksiyolojik Boyutu]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Axiological Dimention of the Alienation Phenomenon]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İbrahim ÇETİNTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Yabancılaşma, İnsan, Ontolojik Yabancılaşma, Aksiyolojik Yabancılaşma, İnsanın Özü, İnsanın Varoluşu]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Alienation, Human, Ontological Alienation, Axiological Alienation, Human Essence, Human Existence]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Bu çalışmamızda yabancılaşma olgusunun aksiyolojik boyutunu ele aldık. Buna göre aksiyolojik yabancılaşmanın, insan ile onun tarihsel varoluşu arasındaki sapma veya çelişkilerle oluştuğu anlaşılmaktadır. Burada insan, maddî veya manevî gerekçelerle özünü, üretmiş olduğu fiillerine aktarmakta ve bunlar üzerinden dışsallaşarak, nesnel bir unsur veya unsurlara dönüşmektedir. Üretilmiş bu nesnel unsurların, dış dünyanın ihtiyaç veya arzularını karşılamak üzere dolaşıma girmesiyle birlikte öz ile fiiller arasındaki varoluşsal bütünlük bozularak insan, kendi kendinden soğumakta veya dışsallaşmış özüne karşı yabancılık hissetmektedir. Çünkü insan burada insan olduğu için değil, üretmiş olduğu bu fiillerin hatırı için itibar görmektedir. Zira önemli olan, insanın kendisi değil, üretmiş olduğu fiillerin dış dünyadaki karşılığıdır. Haliyle bu durum, insanın gaye varlık olma konumunu yitirip, başkası veya başka şeyler için araçsallaşmasına yol açmaktadır. Fiillerde başlayıp, bütün bir ruhsal bünyeye sirayet eden bu durum insanın, aksiyolojik olduğu kadar ontolojik olarak da düşüşü veya değer kaybına yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle insan ile onun tarihsel varoluşu arasındaki bütünlüğün muhafazası hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Bu ise zat ile fiiller arasındaki konumsal ilişkinin/dengenin doğru ve sağlam bir zemine oturtulmasıyla mümkün hale gelecektir. Bu da insanın, kendi fiilleri de dâhil olmak üzere din, kültür, tarih veya gelenek gibi maddî veya manevî hiçbir şey için bir araç değil, bizatihi kendinin bir amaç olduğunu kabul etmekle gerçeğe dönüşecektir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[In this study, we dealt with the axiological dimension of the alienation phenomenon. According to this, it is understood that axiological alienation arises from the deviations or contradictions taken place between human and his historical existence. Here, the human transfers his essence to the acts he has produced, with the material or spiritual reasons, and becomes an objective element or elements by externalizing through them. With the introduction of these produced objective elements into circulation to meet the needs or desires of the external world, the existential integrity between the essence and the actions is disrupted, and the man feels alien to his externalized essence. Because, here people are respected for the sake of these acts, not because of themselves. Because what matters is not the human himself, but the external equivalent of the acts he produces. Naturally, this situation causes the human to lose his position of being a goal and becomes instrumental for someone else or other things. This situation, which starts in the acts and spreads to the whole spiritual body, leads to a decrease or develuation of human ontologically as well as axiologically. For this reason, the maintenance of the integrity between human and his historical existence is crucial. This will be possible by placing the spatial relationship/balance between the essence and acts on a right and solid ground. This will come true by accepting that human is an aim in himself, not a means for anything material or spiritual, such as religion, culture, history or tradition, including his own actions.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=45443</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[  323-331 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/306</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Özgüven ve Dindarlık İlişkisi: İlahiyat Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ Self-confidence and Religiosity Relationship: A Research on Students of Theology]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Selahattin YAKUT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Özgüven, Din, Dindarlık, Pandemi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious psychology, Self Confidence, Religion, Religiosity, Pandemic]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[ İnsan, bireysel anlamda hayatını en ideal şekilde devam ettirebilecek duygusal, zihinsel ve psiko-sosyal potansiyellerle dünyaya gelen bir varlıktır. Bu potansiyellerin açığa çıkması ve işlevsel hale gelmesi, çevresel faktörler ve kalıtımsal özelliklerle ilişkili olmakla birlikte en temel etken olarak bireysel çabayı gerekli kılan bir husustur. Bu bağlamda potansiyellerin farkındalığına ve yüzleşilen problemlerle baş etmede psikolojik eşiğin şekillenmesine referans olarak gösterebileceğimiz kavramlar olarak ön plana çıkan özgüven ve dindarlık; insanın bedensel ve psikolojik sağlığına atıfta bulunmalarının yanında hayat kalitesinin de en merkezi belirleyicilerinden ikisi olarak değerlendirilebilir. Özellikle insanın psiko-sosyal dünyasının şekillenmesinde üstlendikleri roller düşünüldüğünde özgüven ve dindarlığın, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de tonunu ve şiddetini sürekli artıran pandemi sürecinde ilahiyat öğrencileri üzerindeki etkilerini çeşitli faktörler açısından inceleme amaçlı araştırmamızı önemli kılmaktadır. Bozok Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’nun 18.06.2020 tarihli toplantısında E-13509 sayılı kararıyla etik kurallara uygun olduğu teyit edilen araştırmamızın örneklem grubu Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi’nin iletişim araçları aracılığıyla seçkisiz olarak seçilen 108 (% 79.4) kız ve 28 (% 20.6) erkek olmak üzere toplam 136 öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Model olarak betimsel model benimsenen araştırmamızda veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Özgüven Ölçeği” ve “İçsel Dini Yönelim Ölçeği” kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. SPSS programında tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden standart sapma, aritmetik ortalama ve frekans analizi; verilerin normal dağılım şartlarını tam olarak sağlayamaması üzerine non parametrik testlerden Man Whitney U Testi, Kruskal Wallis H Testi, Spearman korelasyon ve Post hoc analiz işlemleri anlamlılık p&lt;0.05 kabul edilerek uygulanmış ve şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: “Katılımcıların özgüven ve dindarlık düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu; özgüven ile dindarlık arasında tespit edilen ilişkinin anlamlılık düzeyine ulaşmadığı; kişisel dindarlık algısının özgüven ve dindarlık üzerinde oluşturduğu fark ile ekonomik durumun özgüven üzerinde oluşturduğu farkın istatistiksek açıdan anlamlı olduğu ancak cinsiyet, memleketin bulunduğu coğrafi bölge, günlük iletişim araçlarıyla meşguliyet süresi, günlük kişisel gelişime (kitap okuma, kurs, seminer vb. etkinlikler) ayrılan süre, pandemi sürecinin günlük hayata olumsuz etkisine yönelik algı, barınma yeri” değişkenlerinin oluşturduğu farkın ise anlamlı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Human beings are beings who come into the world full of emotional, mental and psychosocial potentials that can lead an ideal life in an individual sense. Although these potentials are revealed and functional, they are related to environmental factors and hereditary characteristics, but it is a matter that requires individual effort as the main factor. In this context, self-confidence and religiosity, which stand out as concepts that we can refer to as the reference to awareness of the potentials and the shaping of the psychological threshold in dealing with the problems faced; In addition to referring to human physical and psychological health, it can be considered as two of the most central determinants of quality of life. Considering the roles they play in shaping the psycho-social world of people, it makes our research important to examine the effects of self-confidence and religiosity on theology students in the pandemic process, which constantly increases its tone and severity in our country as in the whole world. The sample group of our study, which was confirmed to be in compliance with ethical rules by the decision of Bozok University Ethics Committee on 18.06.2020, with the decision numbered E-13509, was 108 (79.4%) girls and 28 (20.6%) boys, randomly selected through the communication tools of Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Theology. It consists of a total of 136 students. The data were obtained using “personal data form”, “self- confidence scale” and “internal religious orientation scale” in our research, which adopted a descriptive model as a Model. Standard deviation, arithmetic mean and frequency analysis from descriptive statistics in SPSS program; the Man Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis H Test, Spearman correlation and Post hoc analysis of non-parametric tests were performed with the acceptance of significance p&lt;0.05 and the following results were achieved: “the participants had high levels of self-confidence and religiosity; the relationship between self-confidence and religiosity did not reach the level of significance.; the difference between the perception of personal piety and self-confidence and the economic situation on self-confidence is statistically significant, but gender, geographical region where the country is located, the duration of daily communication, daily personal development (reading books, courses, seminars, etc.). it was determined that the difference between the allotted time, the perception of the negative impact of the pandemic process on daily life, and the variables” shelter place " were not significant.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=45417</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[ 437-459 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/307</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ Sonsuza Kadar Akrabalık: Binlerce Yıllık Patrilokal Yerleşme Atalar Odası Hışhaşi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Kinship Forever: Patrilocal Settlement of Thousands of Years, Ancestral Chamber Hishashe]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Aylin ERASLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sosyal Antropoloji, Hışhaşi geleneği, Altınözü, Sarılar, Tokaçlı, Rum-Ortodoks Hristiyanlar, Antakya]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Social Anthropology, Hishase tradition, Altinozu, Sarilar, Tokacli, Greek-Orthodox Christians, Antakya]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada Antakya ve &amp;ccedil;evresinde yaşayan, kendilerini Rum-Ortadoks Hristiyan olarak tanımlayan grubun Hışhaşi &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml; g&amp;ouml;mme geleneğinin k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rel etkileşime bağlı olarak zaman i&amp;ccedil;erisinde daha geniş bir kozmolojiye ve k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;re nasıl uyum sağladığını, grup kimliğini oluşturan bu pratiğin, din ile toplumsal cinsiyet arasındaki ilişkisine ve ne anlama geldiğine odaklanılmıştır. Buna ek olarak terkedilmekte olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;len bu g&amp;ouml;m&amp;uuml; tipinin hangi nedenlerden dolayı azalmaya y&amp;uuml;z tuttuğunu tespit etmek ve kayıt altına almak da &amp;ccedil;alışmanın ama&amp;ccedil;ları arasındadır. Bu ama&amp;ccedil;lar doğrultusunda, 2018 Nisan ayında Hatay&amp;rsquo;ın Antakya ve Samandağ, 2019 Nisan ise Altın&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; il&amp;ccedil;elerine gidilmiştir. Antakya merkez, Altın&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;n&amp;uuml;n Sarılar ve Toka&amp;ccedil;lı (Cneydo), Samandağ&amp;rsquo;ın ise Cemal G&amp;uuml;rsel Mahallelerine (Zeytuniye) gidilerek Hışhaşi geleneği ile ilgili bilgilere ulaşılmıştır. Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak, bu g&amp;ouml;m&amp;uuml; bi&amp;ccedil;iminde erkeklerin defnedildiği hışhaşisi diğer bir değişle &amp;ldquo;atalar odası&amp;rdquo; bellidir. &amp;ldquo;Ata&amp;rdquo; (neseb) olarak kabul edilen baba, dede, amca diğer kan bağı olan erkek bireylerinin olduğu yerdir. Kadın ise tercihine g&amp;ouml;re ya kendi anne ve babasının ya da &amp;ccedil;ocuklarıyla kocasının da i&amp;ccedil;inde bulunduğu eşinin aile mezarına yerleştirilir. Bir bakıma hışhaşi aileden kabul edilen bireylerin yeniden bir araya gelmesidir. Aynı zamanda evlenerek ailesinden ayrılmış bir kadın i&amp;ccedil;in ise, yıllar sonra ailesinin evine geri d&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r. D&amp;uuml;nyanın bir&amp;ccedil;ok yerine g&amp;ouml;&amp;ccedil; etmiş bireylerin tekrar bir araya geldikleri, geri d&amp;ouml;nd&amp;uuml;kleri evleridir. Gurbetin bittiği yerdir. Kavuşmadır. Bitmeyen bir akrabalık, soy ilişkisidir. Hristiyan teolojisine g&amp;ouml;re ise Hışhaşi, &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;ms&amp;uuml;zl&amp;uuml;ğe a&amp;ccedil;ılan kapıdır. Diriliş g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;ne kadar aile &amp;uuml;yelerinin bir arada toplandığı evleridir. Ancak Hışhaşinin zaman i&amp;ccedil;erisinde etkileşime bağlı olarak mimarisinde ve uygulama sıklığında değişimlerin olduğu anlaşılmıştır. G&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde bu uygulamanın sosyo-ekonomik ve sağlık nedenlerine bağlı olarak gerilediği g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lm&amp;uuml;şt&amp;uuml;r.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;This study focuses on how the hishashe burial tradition belonging to the group who identify themselves as Greek-Orthodox Christians living in and around Antakya have adapted to a wider cosmology and culture over time depending on cultural interaction, the relationship between this practice constituting the group identity with religion and gender, and what these mean. Additionally, identifying and recording the reasons why this burial type which is seen to be diminishing are also among the purposes of this study. In line with these purposes, Antakya and Samandag districts of Hatay were visited in April 2018, and Altinozu district was visited in April 2019. Information related to Hışhaşi tradition were collected by visiting Antakya city center, Sarilar and Tokacli (Cneydo) neighborhoods of Altinozu and Cemal Gursel neighbourhood of Samandag. As a result, in this burial form, hishashe where the males are to be buried, in other words, "Ancestors chamber" is pre-determined. This is the place where father, grandfather, uncle and other male individuals with a blood tie who are regarded as the "Ancestor". Moreover women are placed in the family tomb either including her own mother and father or including her children and husband at her preference. In a sense, hishashe is the reuinon of individuals who are regarded to be from the family. At the same time, for a woman who is separated from her family after marriage, it is the return-back to her home after so many years. These are the houses where individuals who have migrated to many parts of the world reunite, where they return. This is the place where homesickness ends. It is reunion. It is an endless kinship, ancestral relationship. According to Christian theology, hishashe is the gateway to immortality. These are the houses where the family members gather until the day of resurrection. However, it was understood that there have been differences in the frequency of practice and the architecture of hishashes over time as a result of interactions. Today, a decline in this practice was observed due to socio-economic and health-related reasons.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=45403</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[  507-529 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/308</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hadis Edebiyatında Toplum Örfü Olarak Çok Evlilik]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Polygyny as a Social Customs in Hadith Literature]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Şemsettin KIRIŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Evlilik, Çok eşlilik, Aile, Medeni hukuk]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tradition, Marriage, polygyny, Family, Civil law]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Konulu hadis edebiyatının “nikâh” bölümlerindeki başlıkların bütünüyle çok eşliliğe göre kurgulanmış olması, bu konu üzerinde daha çok durmayı gerekli kılmaktadır. Hadis edebiyatının neredeyse tamamında çok eş edinebilirlik olgusal olarak hâkimdir. Modern dünyada Kur’ân ve hadis metinlerinin çok eşliliğe meşrûiyet getirmediği tezi yaygınlaşma eğilimindedir. Fiilî çok eşlilik ile çok eş edinebilirlik arasında bir farkın bulunduğu belirtilmelidir. Bu çalışmada konu adâlet şartı bağlamında tartışılmış, hadis edebiyatının “nikâh” bölümlerinin çok eşliliğe göre kurgulanmasının örnekleri verilmiştir. Soruyu: “İslam’da çok eşlilik var mı yok mu?” şeklinde kurgulamak uygun düşmemektedir. Soruyu: “çok eşliliğin yasaklanması ve caydırıcı cezalar getirilmesi şeklindeki modern uygulamanın dinen meşru olduğu söylenebilir mi?” şeklinde sormak gerekir. Hadis kaynaklarında çok eşlilik kurumsal olarak mevcuttur. Çok eşliliği yok saymanın mümkün olamayacağı bir durum söz konusudur. Zorunlu tek eşlilik, fiilî tek eşlilik anlamına gelmemektedir. Bir konu toplumda sosyal bir olgu olarak bulunuyorsa yasaklama sadece uygulamayı kayıt dışına sürüklemektedir. Sosyolojik olgular yasaklarla ortadan kaldırılamaz. Çok eş edinebilirliğin kanunla yasaklanması fiilî çok eşliliği azaltmamakta, insanları kayıt dışı beraberliğe yönlendirmektedir. Günümüz koşullarında İslam’da tek eşlilik dışında bir seçeneğin bulunmadığı yolundaki algının bilimsel dayanakları bulunmamaktadır. Hz. Peygamber'in çok eşliliği sadece mecburiyet ile açıklanamaz. Hz. Peygamber, nikâh ederken de boşarken de doğal davranmıştır. İçlerinden biriyle resmi bir evlilik sözleşmesi olmasa bile, iki ya da daha fazla kadınla aynı anda yaşamak, fiili çok eşlilik olarak kabul edilmelidir. Kur’ân’ın çok eşliliği tamamen yasakladığı şeklinde bir anlayışı hadis edebiyatı desteklememektedir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The fact that the titles in the “Kitabu’n-nikah” chapters of the hadith literature are designed according to polygyny necessitates more attention on this issue. In almost all of the hadith literature, much polygyny dominant. The thesis that the Koran and hadith texts do not legitimize polygyny in the modern world is in the tendency to spread. It should be noted that there is a difference between actual polygyny and polygyny. In this study, the subject is discussed in the context of justice condition, examples of the construction of the "marriage" parts of the hadith literature according to polygyny are given. It is not appropriate to construct the question as "Is there a polygyny in Islam?" The question should be asked, "Can the modern practice of prohibiting polygyny and introducing deterrent penalties be religiously legitimate?" Polygyny is present institutionally in hadith sources. There is a situation where it is not possible to ignore polygyny. Mandatory monogamy does not mean actual monogamy. If a subject is a social phenomenon in society, the ban only drags the practice off the record. Sociological facts cannot be eliminated with prohibitions. The prohibition of polygyny by law does not reduce de facto polygyny, it directs people to informal The prohibition of polygyny by law does not reduce de facto polygyny, it directs people to informal relationship. The perception that there is no other option than monogamy in Islam in today's conditions has no scientific basis. Hz. The Prophet's polygyny cannot be explained only by obligation. Hz. The Prophet behaved naturally both during marriage and divorce. Living with two or more women at the same time should be considered de facto polygyny, even if there is no formal marriage contract with one of them. Hadith literature does not support the understanding that the Quran completely forbids polygyny.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=45129</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[  361-379 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/309</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hala Sultan İlahiyat Koleji Mezunlarının Okullarına Yönelik Örgütsel Prestij Algıları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Organizational Prestige Perceptions of Hala Sultan Theological College Graduates About Their Schools ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet KOÇ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, Örgütsel Prestij, Hala Sultan İlahiyat Koleji, Okula Bağlılık, Mezun, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Organizational Prestige, Hala Sultan Theology College, Commitment to School, Graduated, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;Bu araştırma Hala Sultan İlahiyat Koleji mezunlarının okullarına y&amp;ouml;nelik prestij algılarını belirlemeye y&amp;ouml;neliktir. Hala Sultan İlahiyat Koleji Kuzey Kıbrıs T&amp;uuml;rk Cumhuriyeti&amp;rsquo;nde matematik, fen ve sosyal bilimler dersleri ile birlikte dini eğitimin verildiği alanındaki tek okuldur. Mezunlarının artık &amp;uuml;niversite mezunu olup sosyal hayatın i&amp;ccedil;ine girmeye başladığı bir d&amp;ouml;nemde, bu okulun mezunlarının okullarına y&amp;ouml;nelik prestij algıları, araştırmacılar kadar eğitim politikalarını belirleyiciler ve uygulayıcılar i&amp;ccedil;in de &amp;ouml;nemlidir. Bu araştırma 2019-2020 eğitim-&amp;ouml;ğretim yılında 198 katılımcı ile ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. Karma y&amp;ouml;ntem ile ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilen araştırmanın nicel b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;nde &amp;ldquo;Algılanan &amp;Ouml;rg&amp;uuml;tsel Prestij &amp;Ouml;l&amp;ccedil;eği&amp;rdquo;, nitel b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;nde ise &amp;ldquo;Yarı Yapılandırılmış G&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;şme Formu&amp;rdquo; kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonu&amp;ccedil;larına g&amp;ouml;re mezunlarının Hala Sultan İlahiyat Koleji&amp;rsquo;ne y&amp;ouml;nelik prestij algıları y&amp;uuml;ksek d&amp;uuml;zeydedir. Mezunların %61,6&amp;rsquo;sı okulu kendi istekleriyle geldiklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Okula kendi tercihi ile gelmiş olan mezunların diğer sebeplerle okulda okumuş olanlara g&amp;ouml;re daha y&amp;uuml;ksek bir prestij algısına sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Okudukları fak&amp;uuml;ltelere g&amp;ouml;re prestij puanlarının değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Cinsiyet, okulda ge&amp;ccedil;irdikleri yıl ve sosyal faaliyetlere katılma değişkenlerine g&amp;ouml;re ise gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Mezunların prestij algısını y&amp;uuml;kselten unsurların başında &amp;ouml;ğretmenlerin yakın ilgisi ve istedikleri &amp;uuml;niversitede/fak&amp;uuml;ltede okuyabilme fırsatının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mezunlar, okul i&amp;ccedil;inde yapılan etkinliklerin ve gezilerin kendilerini daha girişken ve &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;ven sahibi yaptığını belirtmişlerdir. Mezunlar, okulun fiziki tesislerinin dışarıda g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;l&amp;uuml; bir imaj oluşmasına katkı sağladığını, kendi tercihleri olan din eğitimini alabildikleri bir okulun varlığı ile gurur duymaktadırlar. Mezunlar okulun yeni kurulan bir okul olması sebebiyle hen&amp;uuml;z tanınmadığını ve bilinirliği arttık&amp;ccedil;a olumsuz bazı d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;ncelerin azalacağını ifade etmişlerdir. Okulun en b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k handikapının ise adada tek olması sebebiyle ulaşım konusunda yaşanan sıkıntılar olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;This research aims to determine the perception of prestige of Hala Sultan Theology College graduates towards their schools. Hala Sultan Theological College is the only school in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus that offers religious education along with mathematics, science and social sciences. At a time when graduates are now university graduates and begin to enter social life, the perceptions of this school's graduates towards their schools are as important for researchers and practitioners. This research was carried out in 2019-2020 academic year with 198 participants. The &amp;ldquo;Perceived Organizational Prestige Scale&amp;rdquo; was used in the quantitative section of the research carried out by the mixed method, and the &amp;ldquo;Semi-Structured Interview Form&amp;rdquo; was used in the qualitative section. According to the results of the research, the prestige perceptions of the graduates towards Hala Sultan Theology College is high. 61.6% of the graduates stated that they came to the school voluntarily. It has been determined that the graduates who came to the school with their own preference have a higher perception of prestige than those who have studied at the school for other reasons. It has been determined that prestige points change according to the faculties they study. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the groups according to gender, the year they spent in school and the participation in social activities. It was determined that among the factors that increase the perception of prestige of graduates is the close interest of teachers and the opportunity to study at the university / faculty they want. Graduates stated that activities and trips within the school make them more sociable and self-confident.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=44535</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[629-642]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/310</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Anadolu Alevîlerinin Toplumsal ve Dinî Yaşamlarında Kadının Yeri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Place of Women in the Social and Religious Life in Anatolian Alevis Tradition]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Recep YÜNER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Alevîlik, Anadolu Alevîliği, Eski Türk İnanışları, Kadın, Dini ve Toplumsal Yaşam]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Alevism, Anatolian Alevism, Old Turkish beliefs, Women, Religious and Social Life]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Alevî-Bektaşî geleneğinde geleneksel Sünnî anlayıştan farklı olarak İslami değerler kadar eski Türk inançlarının da etkili olduğu bilinmektedir.  Eski Türk toplumlarının Gök Tanrı, tabiat ve atalar kültleri gibi eski Türk inanışları İslâmiyet’i kabullerinden sonra da Anadolu (Türkmen) Alevîlerinin inanç yapısını şekillendirmiş,  Anadolu Alevîleri hem İslâmiyet’i hem de eski Türk toplumlarının inanışlarını sentezleyerek dini felsefelerini oluşturmuşlardır. Bu sentezden hareketle ortaya konan bu çalışmanın temel amacı Anadolu Alevîlerinin kadına bakışını eski Türk toplumlarındaki kadın anlayışı ile Anadolu Alevîlerinin kadına bakışı konusundaki benzerlikler çerçevesinde ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada Alevîlikte kadın konusu; Alevîlerin toplumsal hayatı ile dinî âyin ve merasimlerinde kadın alt başlıklarında işlenmiştir. Çalışma literatür taramasına dayalıdır.  Eski Türk ve Alevî toplumunda kadının yeri, konumu ve değeri gerek alan araştırmaları gerekse klasik kaynaklar yoluyla ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgilere göre Alevî toplumunda kadın ve erkeğin eşit olduğu, kadınların insan olmalarından hareketle saygın ve değerli kabul edildiği, ailede kadın ve erkeğin eşit konumda bulunduğu, evlilikte nadir durumlar dışında tek eşliliğin tercih edildiği, boşanmanın ve zinanın hoş karşılanmadığı, namus ve sadakat konusunda kız ve erkek çocuklar arasında ayrım yapılmadığı ve dinî törenlerin kadınlı-erkekli birlikte icra edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Kadınla ilişkili Anadolu Alevîliğindeki tüm bu inanışların eski Türk inançlarındaki uygulamalarla benzerliği dikkat çekicidir. Anadolu Alevîlerinde kadın algısının eski Türk inanışlarından nasıl etkilendiğinin daha net ortaya konulabilmesi için gerek literatür gerekse alan araştırmalarının artması önemlidir.  ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Unlike traditional Sunni understanding, in the Alevi-Bektashi tradition, Ancient Turkish beliefs are known to be influential in as much as Islamic values. Ancient beliefs of Ancient Turkish societies, such as Tengrism, nature and ancestor cults, shaped the belief structure of the Anatolian Alevis after accepting Islam, and the Anatolian Alevis formed their religious philosophies by synthesizing both the beliefs of Islam and the beliefs of the old Turkish societies. Based on this synthesis, the main purpose of this study is to reveal the place of women in Anatolian Alevis within the framework of the similarities between Anatolian Alevis and Ancient Turkish societies.  In this study, the subject of women in Alevism is covered under the sub-headings of “Social Life” and “'Women in Religious Rituals and Ceremonies”. The study is based on literature review. The place and value of women in the old Turkish and Alevi society were tried to be revealed through both field research and with the use of classical sources. According to the information obtained, in the Alevi society, It is determined that women and men are equal, that women are regarded as respected and valued due to their being human, and men and women are equally in family, that monogamy is preferred, that divorce and adultery are not welcomed, that there is no discrimination between boys and girls, and that religious ceremonies are held together with men and women. It is noteworthy that all these beliefs in Anatolian Alevism related to women are similar to those in Ancient Turkish beliefs. It is important to increase both literature and field research in order to reveal more clearly how Anatolian Alevis' perception of women is affected by old Turkish beliefs.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=44476</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[  461-477 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/311</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hâkim en-Nîsâbûrî Tarafından Hadis Uydurmakla İtham Edilen Kadılar]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Qadis Accused of Making up Hadiths by Hâkim en-Nîsâbûrî]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fikret ÖZÇELİK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, rivayet, kadı, İbn ‘Ulâse, Nûh b. Derrâc, Mansûr b. Abdülhamid, Ebû’l-Bahterî.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, narration, qadi, İbn ‘Ulâse, Nûh b. Derrâc, Mansûr b. Abdülhamid, Ebû’l-Bahterî.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis rivayetinde yer alan meşhur hadisçilerin yanında, farklı kimliklerle bilinen râvilerin varlığı da bir hakikattir. Bunlardan bazıları da bir şekilde hadis rivayetiyle ilişkilendirilen kadılardır. Ancak hadis rivayetinde bütün kadıları aynı seviyede kabul etmek mümkün görünmemektedir. Bu bağlamda istisnalarla beraber fetva ve fıkıhta meşhur olanların hadis rivayetinde de ön plana çıktığı söylenemez. Bunun yanı sıra hadis münekkitlerinin kadılık mesleğine olumlu bakmadıkları telakki edilmektedir. Bunun temel nedeni, kadılık gibi meşguliyetlerin zaman içerisinde râvinin zabtına zarar verme ihtimalidir. Bu bağlamda kadılık görevini üstlenen birçok ravinin rivayetlerinin terk edildiği ve tenkit edildikleri nakledilmektedir. Râviler genel olarak adalet ve zabt açısından değerlendirilmektedir. Dolayısıyla râvilere yapılan cerhlerin aynı seviyede olmadığı bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda râvilere yöneltilebilecek en ağır tenkit, yalancılık ve hadis uydurmak gibi adalet vasıflarına dair olanlardır. Bu çalışmada Hâkim en-Nîsâbûrî tarafından hadis uydurmakla itham edilen kadılar ele alınmıştır. Bu kadılar İbn ‘Ulâse, Nûh b. Derrâc, Mansûr b. Abdülhamid ve Ebû’l-Bahterî’dir. Hâkim en-Nîsâbûrî’nin değerlendirmesinden yola çıkılarak ismi geçen kadıların tercemeleri cerh-ta‘dîl literatürü çerçevesinde ele alınmış ve hadis münekkitlerinin söz konusu kadılar hakkındaki kanaatleri izah edilmiştir. Böylelikle kadılara nispet edilen hadis uydurma iddiasının hakikatine ve sebeplerine değinilmiştir. Öte yandan temel hadis kaynaklarında söz konusu kadıların rivayetlerinin olup olmadığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bununla beraber bu dört kadı bağlamında kadıların hadis rivayeti ile ilişkileri ve hadis rivayetindeki katkıları tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ve söz konusu kadıların hadis rivayetinde çok aktif olmadığı görülmüştür. ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[In addition to the famous muhaddiths in the area of hadith narration, it is a fact that there are narrators known by different names. Some of these are qadis that are somehow associated with hadith narration. However, it is not possible to consider all qadis at the same level in the hadith narration. In this context, it cannot be said that those who are famous in fatwa and fiqh are also prominent in the hadith narration, but there are some exceptions. In addition, it is assumed that the hadith critics do not regard being a qadi as a favorable profession. The main reason for this is that professions such as being a qadi may damage the narrator's report over time. In this context, it is reported that the narrations of many narrators, who took the post of qadi, were abandoned and criticized. The narrators are generally evaluated in terms of justice and their reports. Therefore, it is known that the disaffirmations directed to the narrators are not at the same level. In this context, the heaviest criticism that can be directed to the narrators is related to the subjects about justice issues such as falsehood and making up hadiths. In this study, the qadis accused of making up hadiths by Hâkim en-Nîsâbûrî have been addressed. These qadis are listed as İbn ‘Ulâse, Nûh b. Derrâc, Mansûr b. Abdülhamid and Ebû’l-Bahterî. Based on the evaluation of Hâkim en-Nîsâbûrî, the translations of the mentioned qadis have been addressed within the framework of the jarh and ta’dil (discrediting and accrediting) literature, and the opinions of the hadith critics about these qadis have been explained. Thus, the accuracy of the claim that qadis made up hadiths and reasons for this have been mentioned. On the other hand, it has been tried to determine whether there are narrations of the relevant qadis in the primary hadith resources. However, within the scope of these four qadis, it has been tried to determine the relationship between qadis and hadith narration and their contribution to the hadith narration, and it has been established that the relevant qadis were not very active in hadith narration.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=43801</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[  393-410]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/312</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Şeyh Ahî Dâ‘î Fütüvvetnâmesi’nde Ahlâkî Değerler]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Moral Values in Sheikh Ahî Dâ‘î’s Fütüvvetnâme]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet ŞAHİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Şeref GÖKÜŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ahlâkî Değerler, Ahilik, Ahî Dâ‘î, Fütüvvetnâme, Yaygın Eğitim.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Moral Values, Ahi-Order, Ahî Dâ‘î, Fütüvvetnâme, Non-Formal Education]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Fütüvveti ve fütüvvetin ahlak, kural ve erkânını konu edinen adeta nizamnâme şeklindeki eserlere fütüvvetnâme denilmiştir. 13. yüzyıldan 19. yüzyıla kadar Anadolu’da esnaf ve sanatkâr birlikleri eliyle uygulanan, erdemli bir toplum oluşturmak için kişisel, toplumsal ve iş ahlakını konu edinen fütüvvetnâmeler, ahîlik teşkilatının el kitaplarıdır. Bireysel ve meslekî eğitimde iffet, adalet, şecaat ve hikmet ilkelerini benimseyen, doğruluk, cömertlik, alçak gönüllülük, tevbe, emniyet, nasihat ve vefa gibi değerleri öğreten kitaplardır. Bu ahlâkî değerler, yaygın eğitim merkezi olan ahîlik kurumu eliyle öğretilmiştir. Böylece toplumsal birlik ve beraberliğin sağlanması ve ortak kültürün oluşturulması için gayret gösterilmiştir. Bu anlamda Arapça, Farsça ve Türkçe fütüvvetnâmeler yazılmıştır. Bu fütüvvetnâmeler ve üzerine yapılan çalışmalar tespit edilebildiği kadarıyla gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada amaç, manzum fütüvvetnâmeler arasında en hacimli fütüvvetnâme olan, 14. yüzyılın sonları ile 15. yüzyılın başlarında yaşadığı anlaşılan Şeyh Ahî Dâ‘î et-Tarsûsî’nin Fütüvvetnâmesi’ndeki ahlâkî değerleri incelemektir. Doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle hazırlanan araştırma neticesinde, Şeyh Ahî Dâ‘î’nin eserinin dil özellikleri açısından Eski Anadolu Türkçesine yakın olduğu, Fütüvvetnâme’deki ahlâkî değerlerin diğer fütüvvetnâmelerle benzer olduğu ve ortak temaların birebir örtüştüğü görülmüştür. Türk-İslam Edebiyatı, kültür ve medeniyetinin temellerini oluşturan fütüvvetnâmelerden biri olan Ahî Dâ‘î Fütüvvetnâmesi’nde hem meslekî eğitimin ilkeleri hem ahlâkî değerler hem de dinî eğitimin aşamaları vardır. Fütüvvetnâme’deki inanç, ahlak, bilgi ve sanat merkezli ilkeler ahîlik teşkilatı eliyle uygulamaya konulmuştur. Eserinden hareketle Ahî Dâ‘î’nin; ilmiyle, inancıyla, mesleğiyle, ahlakıyla, edebiyle tüm yönlerden gelişmiş bir birey yetiştirilmesi hedefinin olduğu görülmektedir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The works in the form of nizamname, which are about the morality, rule and power of futuwwa, were called fütüvvet-name. Fütüvvet-names are the handbooks of Turkish-Islamic guild which discussed the subject of personal, social and business ethics to create a virtuous society and were applied by the craftsmen and craftsmen unions in Anatolia from 13th century and 19th century. These are books that adopt the principles of chastity, justice, goodwill and wisdom in individual and vocational education and teach values such as truth, generosity, humility, repentance, safety, advice and loyalty. These moral values were taught by the Turkish-Islamic guild, an institution of non-formal education. Thus, efforts have been made to ensure social unity and solidarity and to create a common culture. In this sense, Arabic, Persian and Turkish fütüvvet-names were written. These fütüvvet-names and the studies on it have been shown as far as possible. This study aims to examine the moral values in the futuristic version of Sheikh Ahî Dâ‘î et-Tarsûsi, who was understood to have lived in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, among the most sizable fütüvvet-names. As a result of the research prepared with the method of document analysis, it was seen that the work of Sheikh Ahî Dâ‘î was close to Old Anatolian Turkish in terms of language characteristics and the moral values in fütüvvet-name were similar to other fütüvvet-names and the common themes overlapped. In Ahî Dâ’i Fütvvet-name, there are both the principles of vocational education, moral values and stages of religious education. The principles of belief, morality, knowledge, and art-centred in the fütüvvet-name were put into practice by the organization of the Turkish-Islamic Guild. Based on Ahî Dâ‘î’s work, It is seen that there is a goal to raise an individual who is developed in all respects with his knowledge, belief, profession, morality and literature.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=43627</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 2[237-254]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/313</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ Paranormal İnançlara Sahip Olmanın Yaşam Doyumuna Etkisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ Effect of Having Paranormal Beliefs on Life Satisfaction]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Emin KALGI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nihat ŞİMŞEK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Yaşam Doyumu, Paranormal İnançlar, Büyü, Batıl İnanç, Ruhçuluk.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Life Satisfaction, Paranormal Beliefs, Sorcery, Superstition, Spiritualism.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Bu araştırmanın amacı, lisans düzeyinde eğitim-öğretim gören öğrencilerin paranormal inanç düzeylerinin yaşam doyumuna bir etkisinin olup olmadığını tespit etmek ve bunu bazı değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Genel tarama modelinde olan bu araştırmanın verileri, "Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği", " Paranormal İnançlar Ölçeği" ve geliştirilen "Kişisel Bilgi Formu" ile elde edilmiştir. Verileri analiz etmek için bağımsız t-testi, pearson momentler çarpımı korelâsyonu ve çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Nizip Eğitim Fakültesi'nin Sosyal Bilgiler, Sınıf, Türkçe ve İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmenliği Bölümleri'nde eğitim-öğretim gören öğrenciler, örneklemini ise bu öğrenciler arasından basit tesadüfî yöntemle seçilmiş olan 186 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Bunların %65.1'i (121) kız, %34.9'u (65) ise erkektir. Yaş ortalaması ise 22.34'tür. Araştırma sonucuna göre, kız ve erkeklerin geleneksel dinî paranormal inanç, büyü ve yaşam doyumu ortalama puanlarının kızların lehine farklılaştığı; buna karşın, klasik (dinî olmayan) paranormal inanç, geleceği bilme, psişik güçlere inanç, ruhçuluk, olağandışı yaşam formları, batıl inanç ve paranormal inanç ortalama puanlarının ise faklılaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Yaşam doyumu ile paranormal inançlar, geleneksel dinî paranormal inançlar, klasik paranormal inançlar, büyü ve psişik güçlere inanç arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilirken; geleceği bilme, ruhçuluk, olağandışı yaşam formları ve batıl inançlar arasında herhangi bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Bununla birlikte, geleneksel dinî paranormal inanç, büyü, geleceği bilme, psişik güçlere inanç, ruhçuluk, olağandışı yaşam formları ve batıl inançlar gibi değişkenlerin yaşam doyumunu hangi düzeyde yordadığını ortaya koymaya yönelik yapılan çoklu regresyon analizi sonucunda bu yedi değişkenin, yaşam doyumu puanlarındaki varyansın %14'ünü açıkladığı görülmüştür.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[This research aims to determine whether the levels of paranormal beliefs of undergraduate students on life satisfaction and examine this in terms of certain variables. In this research which is of general survey model, data was obtained through “Satisfaction With Life Scale”, “Paranormal Beliefs Scale” and the “Personal Information Form” developed. In order to analyse data, independent t-test, correlation and multiple regression were applied. Research population is composed of students studying in Social Studies, Primary School, Turkish Language, and Primary School Mathematics Teaching Departments of the Nizip Education Faculty while research sample comprises 186 students selected through simple random sampling method. 65% (121) of these students are female while 34.9% (65) are male. Mean age is 22.34. Results of the research revealed that scores of male and female students in terms of traditional religious paranormal beliefs, sorcery and life satisfaction differ in favour of the female students while mean scores do not differ according to the gender variable, in terms of classical (non-religious) paranormal beliefs, future telling, belief in psychic powers, spiritualism, extraordinary forms of life, superstition and paranormal belief. A positive significant relation was determined between the life satisfaction and paranormal beliefs, traditional religious paranormal beliefs, classical paranormal beliefs, sorcery as well as belief in psychic powers, while no relation was identified between the life satisfaction and future telling, spiritualism, extraordinary forms of life and superstitions. Moreover, as a result of the multiple regression analysis carried out to determine how much the variables such as traditional religious paranormal belief, sorcery, future telling, belief in psychic powers, spiritualism, extraordinary forms of life and superstitions predict life satisfaction, it was observed that these seven variables explain 14% of the variance in life satisfaction scores.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=43476</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[ 333-346 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/314</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Şehit Yakınlarının Yas Deneyimine İlişkin Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Phenomenological Research on the Grief Experience of Relatives of Martyrs]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nurdan YAĞLI SOYKAN ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Anlam Bulma, Yas, Karmaşık Manevi Yas, Kayıp, Matem, Şehit Yakını, Fenomenolojik Yöntem]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Finding Meaning, Grief, Complicated Spiritual Grief, Loss, Mourning, Bereavment, Relatives of Martyrs, Phenomenological Method ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Yas, her bireyin hayatının belirli dönemlerinde karşılaşabileceği bir deneyimdir.  Hayatın bir parçası olan kayıpların ardından gösterilen tepkiler doğal ve beklendik olsa da, yas deneyimleri kişiden kişiye değişebilir. Yas, bazı bireyler açısından acılı ve anlamsız bir deneyim olurken, bazı bireyler ise yeni bir bakış açısı kazanarak bu sürece daha kolay uyum sağlayabilir. Aynı şekilde bazı bireyler yaslarını kaybın ardından hemen tutarken, bazıları için yas süreci ertelenebilir. Yas bazen kısa sürebileceği gibi, bazen de hiç bitmeyebilir. Yas sürecinde bireyler sevdiklerinin ölümünü anlamlandırmakta zorluk çekebilir. Özellikle ani, beklenmedik ve trajik bir şekilde savaş, terör, kaza veya doğal afetler nedeniyle gerçekleşen ölümlerde yas süreci güçleşebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, şehit yakınlarının yas deneyimlerini nasıl anlamlandırdıklarını ve onların yasa ilişkin duygu ve düşüncelerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile fenomenolojik desende kurgulanmış bu çalışmada, şehit yakınları ile yüz yüze yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelere veri doygunluğu elde edilene kadar devam edilmiştir. Katılımcıların belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme ve maksimum çeşitleme yöntemleri tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde betimsel analiz kapsamında içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre şehit yakınlarının yas deneyimine ilişkin 10 ana temaya ulaşılmıştır. Bunlar; şok ve ilk zamanlar, vedalaşamama, bitmeyen yas/bu bizimki yas değil, ertelenmiş yas, tekrarlayan yas, karmaşık manevi yas, sağlığa yansımaları, annenin yası, eşin yası ve çocuğun yasıdır. Araştırma sonuçları alan yazınla ilişkili bir biçimde tartışılmış ve bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Grief is an experience that every individual can encounter in certain periods of life. Although the reactions after the losses that are part of life are natural and expected, grief experiences can vary from person to person. While mourning is a painful and meaningless experience for some individuals, some individuals can adapt to this process more easily by gaining a new perspective. While some individuals grieve immediately after the loss, for others, the grieving process can be delayed.  The grief sometimes takes a short time, sometimes it never ends. In the process of mourning, individuals may have difficulty in making sense of the death of their loved ones. Especially;  the grieving process may be difficult in sudden, unexpected and tragic deaths caused by war, terror, accident or natural disasters. The aim of this study is to reveal how the relatives of martyrs make sense of their grief experiences and their feelings and thoughts about the grief process. This study was designed in a phenomenological pattern with the qualitative research method and the data of study were held semi-structured interviews with the relatives of the martyrs. The interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. Criterion sampling and maximum variation, which are the purposeful sampling methods, were preferred in determining the participants. Content analysis technique was used in the analysis of research data. According to the findings, 10 main themes were reached regarding the grief experience of the relatives of martyrs. These; shock and early times, not saying goodbye, endless grief (“this is not ours grief”), delayed grief, recurrent grief, complicated spiritual grief, reflections on health, mother's grief, wife's grief, and child's grief. The results of the research were discussed in relation to the literature and some suggestions were presented. &#13;
]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=43409</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 2[255-282]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/315</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[تداوليَّة المشتقَّات في القرآن الكريم / Kur’an-ı Kerim’deki Türevsel Kelimelerin Kullanımı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Deliberation of Derivatives in the Holy Quran]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mohamed Rızk SHOEIR ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mahmud KADDUM]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tedavül (Kullanım), Türevsel Kelimeler, Mastar, İsm-i Fâil, İsm-i Mef’ûl, Siyağ-ı Mübalağa.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[deliberative, derivatives, infinitive, agent noun, past participle, exaggerated formulas.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;يتناول البحث موضوع: (تداوليَّة المشتقَّات في القرآن الكريم)؛ وهو موضوع يهتمُّ بعلم الاستعمال اللُّغوي (التَّداوليَّة) من خلال التَّطبيق على بعض مباحث المشتَّقات. والمشتقُّ اسم أُخذ من غيره، وله أصل يرجع ويتفرَّع منه، والأسماء المشتقَّة كثيرة؛ فمباحثها في الدِّراسات الصَّرفيَّة والنَّحويَّة هي: المصدر الأصلي، والمصدر الميمي، واسم المصدر، واسم المرَّة، واسم الهيئة، والمصدر الصِّناعيُّ، واسم الفاعل، واسم المفعول، والصِّفة المشبهة، واسم التَّفضيل، وصيغ المبالغة، واسما الزَّمان والمكان، واسم الآلة. لكنَّ البحث سوف يقتصر على المصدر، واسم الفاعل، واسم المفعول، وصيغ المبالغة. من خلال بيان التَّوظيف القرآني للاستعمال اللُّغوي والتَّفاوت في استخدام الاسم المشتق وبيان دلالته من حيث الثُّبوت والتَّجدَّد أو أي دلالات أخرى يقتضيها السِّياق والمقام القرآني؛ ومن هنا كان انتقاء الكلمات بصيغة- مشتقَّة- محدَّدة لبيان أثرها في المعنى؛ ومن هنا كانت أهمية البحث التَّداولي لبيان كيفية استعمال اللُّغة. وكان التَّطبيق على القرآن الكريم؛ حيث إنَّ القرآن الكريم في تماسكه اللُّغوي كالسُّورة الواحدة، بل كالآية الواحدة؛ يصدِّق بعضه بعضًا ويبين بعضه معنى بعض؛ ولذلك فمن أهمِّ أوجه التَّفسير تفسير القرآن بالقرآن حتَّى يتَّضح المعنى بجلاء، وبيان استعمال اللُّغة في مواطن مختلفة مقرونة بالسِّياق؛ ومن هنا كانت أهمية دراسة التَّداوليَّة. &lt;strong&gt;منهج البحث:&lt;/strong&gt; المنهج الوصفي التَّحليلي؛ فالتَّحليل هنا قائم على الوصف، من خلال بيان الأصل في الاستخدام اللُّغوي، ثمَّ تحليل الكلمة من خلال السِّيّاق وتفسير الآية وسبب نزولها ومن خلال مقوِّمات لغويَّة تعين على فهم النَّصِّ القرآني. &lt;strong&gt;خطَّة البحث:&lt;/strong&gt; يتكوَّن البحث من: مقدِّمة، وتمهيد، وأربعة مباحث، ثمَّ خاتمة البحث، تليها قائمة المصادر والمراجع.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Araştırmada, Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Kerim&amp;rsquo;de ge&amp;ccedil;en t&amp;uuml;revsel kelimelerin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu konu, dil kullanımı bilimiyle ilişkili olarak t&amp;uuml;remiş kelimeler &amp;uuml;zerine araştırmaları ilgilendirmektedir. T&amp;uuml;remiş isim, bir başka kelimeden yararlanarak edinilen isimdir. Nihayetinde k&amp;ouml;k&amp;uuml;ne dayanır ve o k&amp;ouml;kten t&amp;uuml;rer. Kur&amp;rsquo;an-ı Kerim&amp;rsquo;de t&amp;uuml;remiş isimler olduk&amp;ccedil;a fazladır. Bu konu ile ilgili Sarf ve Nahiv alanındaki araştırma alanları aşağıdaki gibidir: 1. Masdar-ı Asl&amp;icirc; 2. Masdar-ı M&amp;icirc;m&amp;icirc; 3. İsm-i Masdar 4. İsm-i Merra 5. İsm-i Heye&amp;rsquo; 6. Masdar-ı Sın&amp;acirc;&amp;rsquo;&amp;icirc; 7. İsm-i Fail 8. İsm-i Mef&amp;rsquo;&amp;ucirc;l 9. Sıfat-ı M&amp;uuml;şebbehe 10. İsm-i Tafd&amp;icirc;l 11. Sıyağ-ı M&amp;uuml;b&amp;acirc;lağa 12. İsm-i Zaman ve İsm-i Mek&amp;acirc;n 13. İsm-i &amp;Acirc;let Araştırma, Masdar, İsm-i F&amp;acirc;il, İsm-i Mef&amp;rsquo;&amp;ucirc;l, Sıyağ-ı M&amp;uuml;balağa kalıpları incelenmek &amp;uuml;zere sınırlandırılmıştır. Dil kullanımı kapsamında Kur&amp;rsquo;an-ı Kerim kaynak olarak kullanılmış olup t&amp;uuml;remiş isimlerin kullanım farklılıkları, değişikliğe uğraması veya uğramaması, Kur&amp;rsquo;an-ı Kerim&amp;rsquo;de yer alan konu ve bağlamların gerektirdiği diğer anlam ve değişiklikleri araştırma kapsamındadır. Araştırmada kullanılacak kelimeler, anlam &amp;uuml;zerindeki değişikleri ortaya koymak amacıyla t&amp;uuml;remiş kelimelerden se&amp;ccedil;ilmiştir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, t&amp;uuml;remiş kelimelerin dilde kullanımı &amp;uuml;zerindeki niteliğini ortaya koymak amacıyla &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. Araştırmada Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Kerimin kullanılmasının temel sebebi, bir s&amp;ucirc;re hatta bir &amp;acirc;yette bile dilsel bir tutarlılık olmasıdır. Her ayet birbirini destekler bi&amp;ccedil;imdedir. Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m&amp;rsquo;in yine kendisiyle a&amp;ccedil;ıklanabilmesi bunun en &amp;ouml;nemli y&amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;d&amp;uuml;r ve bağlama ilişkin farklı konumlardaki anlamları da a&amp;ccedil;ık bir şekilde ortaya koyulmuştur. Araştırmanın Y&amp;ouml;ntemi: Araştırmada betimsel analiz y&amp;ouml;ntemi kullanılmıştır. Kur&amp;rsquo;&amp;acirc;n-ı Ker&amp;icirc;m metninin anlaşılmasını etkileyen dil &amp;ouml;ğeleri kapsamında t&amp;uuml;remiş kelimelerin dil kullanımdaki k&amp;ouml;keni, bağlamı, ayetlerin a&amp;ccedil;ıklanması, ayetin iniş sebebi şeklinde bir yol izlenmiştir. Araştırma Planı: Araştırma; giriş, &amp;ouml;ns&amp;ouml;z ve d&amp;ouml;rt b&amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mden oluşur. Ardından araştırmanın sonu&amp;ccedil;ları ve kaynakları sunulmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;The research deals with the topic: (the deliberation of derivatives in the Holy Qur&amp;rsquo;an); it is a topic concerned with linguistic usage (deliberative) through application to some of the topics of derivatives. The derivative is a noun taken from another, and it has an origin that refers and derives from. The derivative nouns are numerous and their topics morphological and grammatical studies are: 1. The infinitive 2. Origins starting with &amp;lsquo;miyim&amp;rsquo; 3. The verbal noun 4. Noun of time 5. Noun of body 6. Formulated origins 7. Agent noun 8. Past participle 9. Adjectival participle 10. Superlative 11. Exaggerated formulas 12. Nouns of time and place 13. Machine noun But the search will be limited to the infinitive, agent noun, past participle, and the formulas of exaggeration. Through a statement of Quranic employment for linguistic use, a disparity in the use of the derivative name, and its significance in terms of evidence and renewal, or any other indications required by the Qur&amp;rsquo;anic context and denomination; hence the selection of words in a form - derivative - specific to show their impact on the meaning; hence the deliberative search to demonstrate how to use the language. Also, the application was to the Holy Qur&amp;rsquo;an, since the Holy Qur&amp;rsquo;an in its linguistic consistency is like a single surah, but rather as a single verse ;also, the most important interpretation of the Qur&amp;rsquo;an are determined in the Qur&amp;rsquo;an until the meaning becomes clear, and the use of language in different ways is indicated in context. Hence the importance of deliberative study. Research methodology: It is the descriptive and analytical method. The analysis here is based on the description, by showing the origin in linguistic use, then analyzing the word through context and interpretation of the verse and the reason for its descent and through linguistic contents that help to understand the Qur&amp;rsquo;anic text. Research plan: The research consists of: an introduction, a preliminary, and four investigations, then the conclusion of the research, followed by a list of sources and references. The study reached the following results: &amp;bull; The derivative is a name that is taken from others, and it has an origin that derives from and derives from it, and the derivative names are many; its subjects are in morphological and grammatical studies: infinitive, origins starting with 'miyim', verbal noun, noun of time, noun of the body, formulated origin, agent noun, past participle, adjectival participle ,superlative, exaggerated formulas, nouns of time and place , machine noun. The search was limited to: the infinitive, agent noun, past participle, and exaggerated formulas. Through the statement of the Quranic employment for linguistic use and the disparity in the use of the derivative name and the indication of its significance in terms of evidence and renewal or any other indications required by the context and the Qur&amp;rsquo;anic denomination; hence the selection&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=43342</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 4[615-627]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/316</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Epistemolojik İnanç Düzeyi (Bolu Abant izzet Baysal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Örneği)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Epistemological Belief Level Of The Students Of The Faculty Of Theology (In Case Of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Unıversıty Theology Faculty)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Seyyid SANCAK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kevser ÖZEVİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, Epistemoloji, Epistemolojik İnançlar Ölçeği, Bilgi, Öğrenme]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Epistemology, Epistemological Beliefs Scale, İnformation, Learning]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Bu çalışmanın amacı ilahiyat fakültesi lisans öğrencilerinin öğrenmeye yönelik epistemolojik inanç düzey durumlarını tespit etmek ve öğrencilerin öğrenmeye yönelik epistemolojik inançlarını belli değişkenler açısından irdelenmesidir. İlişkisel tarama modelindeki araştırma ilahiyat fakültesinde lisans eğitimi almakta olan 371öğrencinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın veri toplama aracı Sing-Chai, Teo ve Beng-Lee (2009) tarafından geliştirilmiş ve daha sonra Kutluca, Soysal ve Radmard (2018) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanmış olan “Epistemolojik İnançlar Ölçeği” ile “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” olarak iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Öğrencilerin bilimsel epistemolojik inanç düzeylerini belirlemek için; alt boyutların ortalama (X) ve standart sapma (SS) puanları hesaplanmış, cinsiyet gibi iki değişkenli parametreler bağımsız gruplar t testi ile yaş grubu ve sınıf düzeyi gibi üç ve daha fazla sayıda değişkene sahip parametreler ise tek yönlü varyans analizi (anova) kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve bu şekilde istatistiki sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Ek olarak, gruplar arasında oluşan farkın tespit edebilmek için de tukey testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ilahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin epistemolojik inanç düzeylerinin gelişmiş olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bununla beraber yapılan araştırma sonucunda ilahiyat fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin okula başladıkları hazırlık sınıfı ile ilerleyen sınıflardaki öğrenmeye yönelik epistemolojik inanç düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu ve öğrencilerin cinsiyetlerinin ve sınıf düzeylerinin, öğrencilerin bilimsel epistemolojik inançlarının alt boyutlarını etkilediği de tespit edilmiştir. ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The aim of this study is to determine the level of epistemological belief in learning by the undergraduate students of the Faculty of theology and to examine the epistemological beliefs of the students in terms of certain variables. The research in the relational scanning model was carried out with the participation of 371 students who were studying for a bachelor's degree in the Faculty of theology. The research's data collection tool was developed by Sing-Chai, Teo and Beng-Lee (2009) and adapted into Turkish by Kutluca, Soysal and Radmard (2018). The data collection tool consists of two parts,” epistemological beliefs scale " and "Personal Information Form". Students ' scientific epistemological beliefs to determine their level of sub-dimensions, the average of (X) and standard deviation (SD) scores, calculated variables such as gender of the parameters of two independent groups t-test; three or more variable parameters, such as age group and grade level with one way analysis of variance (Anova) using the statistical conclusions were reached. In addition, the Tukey test was used to determine the difference between the groups. According to the results obtained, it is possible to say that the epistemological belief levels of the students of the Faculty of theology are improved. As a result of the research, there was a significant difference between the level of prep school students who started school and the level of epistemological belief in learning in later classes. It has also been found that the sexes and class levels of the students influence the lower dimensions of the students ' scientific epistemological beliefs.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=43260</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[ 425-436]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/317</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Bir Aforoz Hikayesi: Tolstoy-Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi İlişkisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Story of Excommunication: Tolstoy-Russian Orthodox Church Relationship]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Rukiye Aysun İNAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dinler Tarihi, Tolstoy, Aforoz, Hıristiyanlık, Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Religion, Tolstoy, Excommunication, Christianity, Russian Orthodox Church]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Dünyaca ünlü Rus yazar Tolstoy ömrü boyunca hayatın anlamını sorgular. Ömrünün ilk yıllarında bu sorgulama sebebiyle dinden uzaklaşır. Zamanla dinden uzaklaşmasının temelinde Kilisenin anlattığı din yorumu olduğunu fark eder. Bu sebeple dinle ilgili araştırmalar yapar. Farklı dinleri de araştıran Tolstoy, Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi’nin heretik saydığı çeşitli gruplarla da temasa geçer. Ancak Hıristiyanlıktan kopmayan Tolstoy İsa’nın öğretisini yeniden yorumlar. Kitab-ı Mukaddes’i İbranice ve Grekçe yani orijinal dillerinden okuyarak yanlış olduğunu düşündüğü bölümleri çıkarıp yeniden yazar. Sonuçta teslisi, İsa’nın tanrı olduğunu, İsa’nın dirilmesini, sakramentleri, mucizeleri, siyasî ve dinî otoriteye tabi olmayı, toplu yapılan ibadet törenlerini, ikonları redder. Görüşleri sebebiyle Kilisenin tepkisini çeker, zaman zaman cezalandırılması konuşulur. Ancak Kilise gelecek tepkilerden çekinir. Diriliş isimli romanında Evharistiya ayini ile ilgili yazdıkları Kilisenin Tolstoy’un cezalandırılmasını yeniden gündeme almasına sebep olur. Buna ek olarak bazı din adamlarının Tolstoy’un çeşitli görüşlerini benimsemeye başlaması da karar alınma sürecini hızlandırır. 1901 yılında Kutsal Sinod, Tolstoy’un aforoz edilmesine karar verir. Bunun üzerinde yurt içinden ve yurt dışından Tolstoy’u destekleyenler olur. Tolstoy Kutsal Sinod’a yazdığı mektupla inançlarını ve gerekçelerini net bir şekilde açıklar. Ayrıca öldüğünde cenazesinde Kilise ayinlerini istemediğini de belirtir. Tolstoy’un tövbe etmesini bekleyen Kilise çeşitli vesilelerle Tolstoy’u ikna etmeye çalışır. Ancak Kilisenin tövbe çağrılarına uymayan Tolstoy 1910 yılında aforoz kararı geri alınamadan ölür.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The world-renowned Russian writer Tolstoy questioned the meaning of life throughout his life. In the early years of his life, he moved away from religion because of this questioning. He realized that the religious interpretation of the church was the basis of his distancing from religion over time. Thus, he studied religions. Beside his researches regarding other religions, Tolstoy contacted several groups that the Russian Orthodox church considered a heretic. However, Tolstoy, who did not abandon Christianity, reinterpreted the teaching of Jesus. He read the Bible in Hebrew and Greek, in their original language, removed the chapters he thought was wrong, and rewrote it. As a result, he refused the trinity, the fact that Jesus is god, the resurrection of Jesus, sacraments, miracles, being subjected to political and religious authority, religious ceremonies, and icons. Due to his opinions, he drew reaction of the Church and his punishment was discussed from time to time. However, the Church was afraid of future reactions. His opinions about the ritual of Eucharist in his novel Resurrection caused the Church to reintroduce the punishment of Tolstoy. Furthermore, the fact that some clergymen began to adopt various views of Tolstoy also accelerated the decision-making process. In 1901, the Holy Synod decided to excommunicate Tolstoy. In response, people from the country and abroad supported Tolstoy. Tolstoy clearly explained his beliefs and reasons with the letter he wrote to the Holy Synod. Moreover, he stated that he did not want the Church rituals at his funeral when he died. The Church tried to persuade Tolstoy on several occasions while waiting for him to repent. However, Tolstoy, who did not comply with the repentance calls of the Church, died in 1910 before the excommunication decision was revoked.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=43210</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 2[223-236]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/318</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Osmanlı Devleti’nde Ruhsatsız Olarak İnşa Edilen Kilise, Manastır, Havra ve Mektepler]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Unlicensed Construction of Churches, Monasteries, Synagogues and Schools in the Ottoman State]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammed CEYHAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dinler Tarihi, Osmanlı Devleti, İbadethane, Kilise, Manastır, Havra, Mektep, İnşa ve Tamir.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[History of Religions, Ottoman History, Sanctuary, Church, Monastery, Synagogue, School, Construction and Repair]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Osmanlı Devleti’nin çekildiği coğrafyalarda birçok ulus devletin kurulmasına rağmen bugün bir ulus devletin çatısı altında bile birden fazla milletin bir arada yaşayamaması ve her daim aralarında bir mücadelenin var olması, şüphesiz ki onları birbirine bağlayan harcın=hoşgörünün bu topraklardan silinmiş olmasıyla ilgilidir. Söz konusu coğrafyada birden fazla milletin yüzyıllar boyunca tek bir hâkimiyet altında bir arada yaşamaların, bildiğimiz üzere Osmanlı Devleti’nin bu bölgeyi uzunca bir müddet “hoşgörü” zemininde idare etmesi ile mümkün olmuştur. Tersinden bakıldığında ise Osmanlı Devleti’nin asırlarca hüküm sürdüğü coğrafyalarda hâkimiyetini ayakta tutabilmesinde, işte güdülen “hoşgörü siyasetinin” etkili olduğu söylenebilir. Bu bakımdan hem yöneten hem de yönetilen açısından elzem olan “hoşgörü” mefhumunun, İslâm ve Türk medeniyetinin bir ürünü olarak fethedilen bütün topraklara yayıldığı ve bu sebepten de devlet hâkimiyetlerinin asırlarca sürdüğü malumumuzdur.&#13;
Hoşgörü denince şüphesiz ki akla ilk gelen, dinî inançlara tanınan özgürlüklerdir. Bilindiği üzere Osmanlı Devleti’nin, fethettiği yerlerde eski kilise, manastır ve havraların mevcudiyetini kabul ettiği ancak yenilerinin inşa ve tamirine izin vermediği yönündeki yaygın görüş vardır. Ancak arşiv kaynaklarını teorik ve pratik boyutları ile incelediğimizde söz konusu gayrimüslimlere ait yapıların inşa ve tamirlerine ihtiyaç dâhilinde müsaade edildiği görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda Osmanlı Devleti’nde kilise, manastır, havra ve mekteplerin inşası ve tamirine tanınan hak ve özgürlüklerin neler olduğu, yeniden kilise ve manastır inşasının mümkün olup olmadığı, herhangi bir sebeple tahrip olmuş olan ibadethanelerin tamirine izin verilip verilmediği, tanınan izin ve hakların ne sebeple verildiği ve ne şekilde icra edildiği gibi sorulara araştırmamız kapsamında cevap aranmıştır. Ancak bu çalışmamızda asıl hedeflenen; ihtiyaca binaen dini yapı inşasına izin verilmesine rağmen kaçak olarak inşa edilen kilise, manastır, havra ve mekteplerin neden inşa edildiği, en çok nerelerde inşa edildiği sorusuna cevap aramaktır. Bu çerçevede sayısal verilere de yer verilmiştir. Bu sorulara cevap aranırken verilen izinlerin özellikle hukukî dayanakları ve sosyal gerekçeleri analiz edilecektir. Esasen bu çalışma, yıllardır ibadethane inşası ve tamiri konusundaki yanlış bilinenleri de tashih etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sorularımıza cevap aranırken Osmanlı Arşivi’ndeki konu ile ilgili kaynaklar “örnek vaka inceleme” yöntemi çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The fact that several nations cannot live together and have continual strifes among themselves under a nation-state, though many nation-states were founded in the geography from which the Ottoman State withdrew, indicates that the mortar=tolerance that once kept them together no longer exists in those regions. The co-existence of many nations under the rule of one sovereign was enabled by the Ottoman administration which ruled that geography with tolerance for a long period. On the other hand, the Ottoman State could keep its power over these regions due to the influence of the “policy of tolerance”. We know that the concept of “tolerance”, an indispensable element for both the ruler and the ruled in Turkish-Islamic civilization, was spread over all the lands and thus their sovereignty lasted for centuries.  &#13;
The concept of tolerance is immediately related to the freedom of religious beliefs. There is a common view that the Ottoman State acknowledged the churches, monasteries and synagogues in the conquered regions but did not permit the construction of new ones or the repair of the existing ones. However, when the archive records are examined with their theoretical and practical dimensions, it can be seen that the non-Muslim subjects were granted permission to build and repair when it is seen necessary. In this respect, this study aims to find out what kind of freedoms were granted for the construction and repair of the churches, monasteries and synagogues; whether it was possible to build new churches and monasteries; whether the reparation of the damaged sanctuaries was allowed; why the permissions and rights were granted and how they were executed. However, the main target of this study is why and where unlicensed churches, monasteries, synagogues and schools were built though these were permitted if there was a need. In this regard, quantitive data is made use of. While trying to find answers to these questions, especially the legal basis and social motivations of the permissions will be analyzed. Mainly, this study aims to correct years-long misinformation about the construction and repair of the sanctuaries. While trying to answer our questions, the relevant sources in the Ottoman Archive will be evaluated with the “sample case examination” method.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=43198</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 2[157-176]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/319</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi Açısından Çocuğun Hakkını Korumada Ailenin Sorumluluğu]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Family’s Responsibility In Protecting the Right of the Child In Terms of Religious Education]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Süleyman GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, Aile, Ebeveyn, Çocuk, Gelişim, Hak, Sorumluluk]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Family, Parents, Child, Development, Right, Responsibility]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Dünyadaki değişimlere rağmen, toplumsal hayatın en önemli temel kurumu olan aile, önemini devam ettirmektedir. Aile, çocuk için toplumsallaşma sürecinin gerçekleştiği, temel değer ve normların verildiği, bunların davranışa dönüştürüldüğü ilk çevredir. Çocuğun her yönüyle yetiştirilmesine özen göstermek, anne-babaların en önemli sorumluluğudur. Ebeveynlerin bu sorumluluğu yerine getirebilmeleri, büyük ölçüde çocuklara karşı hak ve sorumluluklarının farkında olmaları ile ilgilidir. Çocuğun var olma sürecinin her aşamasında en etkin unsur olan ebeveyn, onunla doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak güçlü bir ilişki ve etkileşim içindendir. İslam dini ebeveyne, çocuğun maddî ve manevî gelişimdeki rolünden dolayı, gerek çocuğun dünyaya gelmesinden önce gerekse dünyaya geldikten sonraki süreçte, hak ve ödevler yüklemiştir. Tarihi süreçte, ihmal edilen ve bu konuda gerekli hukukî çalışmaların yapılmadığı çocuk hakları, ancak 20. y. y. da ele alınan bir mesele olmuştur. Son yüzyılda birey olarak çocuğa verilen değerin artması, çocukluk döneminin yetişkinlikten ayrı bir süreç olduğunun kabul edilmesi ve çocukların gelişimsel ihtiyaçlarından ötürü bazı özel haklara sahip olması gerektiğinin kabul edilmesi, çocuk haklarının düzenlenerek yasalarla güvence altına alınması gerekliliğini gündeme getirmiştir. Toplumlar, zamana, gelişmişlik düzeylerine ve sosyo-kültürel yapılarına bağlı olarak, çocuğa ve çocukluk dönemine farklı değerler atfetmişlerdir. İslam toplumlarının, çocuklarla ile ilgili uygulamaları, genel olarak dinî ve hukukî normlara dayanmaktadır. Kur’ân’a göre ebeveyn ve çocuk ilişkisi karşılıklı hak ve sorumlulukların yerine getirilmesi üzerine temellendirilmiştir. Sorumluluk hususunda birinci görev ebeveyne düşmektedir. Bu sorumlulukların yerine getirilmesi çocuğun hem dinî hem de hukuki hakları olmakla birlikte, anne-babanın temel sorumluluğudur. Bu hak ve sorumlulukları bilmemekten veya ihmal edilmesinden kaynaklanan hak ihlallerinin önlenmesinde, İslam’ın bakış açısını sunmak, çalışmamızın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca bu konu literatür bağlamında ele alınıp işlenmiştir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Despite the rapid changes in the socio-cultural, economic and political fields in the world, the family, which is the most basic institution of social life, continues to maintain its importance and existence. Because it is an indispensable element of the construction of society on solid foundations. The family is the first environment in which the socialization process for the child takes place, basic values and norms are given, and these are turned into behavior. It is the most important responsibility of parents to be careful about the best upbringing of the child in all aspects. The ability of parents to fulfill this responsibility is largely related to their awareness of their rights and responsibilities towards children. The development of this awareness in the parent is an important factor in determining the future behavior of the child as well as influencing the current behavior of the child. The parent, which is the most effective element in every stage of the child's development process, has a strong relationship with him directly or indirectly. Islam has given parents the right and duties for the child's role in material and spiritual development. In order to understand the development of children's rights in the historical process, it is useful to first look at the development of the concept of childhood and the meaning that societies give to children in ages. Children's rights, which have been neglected for ages in the historical process and that there are almost no legal arrangements, only the 20th century has also been an issue addressed. Increasing the value given to the child as an individual in the last century, accepting that childhood is a separate process from adulthood, and accepting that children should have some special rights due to their developmental needs have brought up the necessity to regulate children's rights and secure them by law. In the historical process, societies attributed different values to the child and childhood, depending on time, development levels and sociocultural structures. The practices of Islamic societies about children are generally based on religious and legal norms. Because Islam stated important norms related to children's rights. According to the Qur'an, the relationship between parents and children is based on the fulfillment of common rights and responsibilities. The first task for responsibility falls to the parent.The fulfillment of these responsibilities is both the religious and legal rights of the child, but it is the main responsibility of the parents. The aim of our study is to provide a perspective of Islam in the prevention of violations of rights arising from not knowing or neglecting these rights and responsibilities. Also, the processing of this subject has been discussed and interpreted in the context of the relevant literature.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=42034</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 2[  177-209 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/320</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İbn Hacer El-Askalânî’nin Kur’an Tefsiri ve İlimlerine Yaklaşımı -Fethu’l-Bârî Bağlamında-]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[İbn Hajar's Approach to Quranic Commentary and Sciences in the Context of the Work of Fath Al-Bârî]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Abdurrahim KIZILŞEKER ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İbn Hacer, Fethu’l-Bârî, Tefsîr, Kur’ân İlimleri.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ibn Hajar, Fath al-Bârî, Commentary, Quranic Sciences.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[İbn Hacer el-Askalânî’nin hadis ilminde müstesna bir yeri vardır. Fethu’l-Bârî isimli eseri, Buhârî’nin Sahîh’i üzerinde yazılmış önemli şerhlerden biridir. Bu eser hadis alanında olmakla birlikte tefsire ilişkin önemli bilgiler içermektedir. Eserde İbn Hacer’in ayetleri tefsirinde takip ettiği usûle ve bazı Kur’an ilimlerine dair yaklaşımlarına da rastlamak mümkündür. İbn Hacer, İslâm düşünce tarihine son derece bağlıdır. Yalnız bu durum onun geleneği hiç tenkit etmediği anlamına da gelmemektedir. İbn Hacer tefsir yöntemi olarak rivayet metodu yanı sıra dirayet metodunu da benimsemiştir. Rivayetler arasında tercihe şayanı açıklamış, kimi zaman rivayetleri uzlaştırmak adına teviller yapmış, kimi zaman da bunları reddetmiştir. O, tefsire ilişkin sahih rivayetlere itimat etmiş ve bunların anlaşılmasına yönelik açıklamalar yapmış, tefsir görüşleri arasında karşılaştırmalarda bulunmuş, gerekçelerle kanaatini ortaya koymuştur. Geleneğe uyarak sırasıyla Kur’anı Kur’an, sünnet, sahabe ile tabiun görüşleri ve dil kaideleriyle tefsir etmeyi bir metot olarak belirlemiş, bununla tefsir için doğru bir usulle hareket etmenin önemini vurgulamaya çalışmıştır. Bu arada aynı konudaki ayetleri telif etmeyi önemsemesi ayetlerin neshi konusunda daha dikkatli hareket etmesine vesile olmuştur. Çelişki izlenimi veren ayetlerin arasını telif etmek için büyük bir uğraş vermiştir. İbn Hacer, sebeb-i nüzul rivayetleri konusunda da dikkatli davranmıştır. Problemli olduğunu düşündüğü sebeb-i nüzul rivayetlerini reddetmesi, rivayetlere bağlı olmakla birlikte dirayete önem verdiğini göstermektedir. İbn Hacer, israiliyattan istifade ederken peygamberlerin masumiyetine zarar veren rivayetleri almadığı gibi peygamberlerin masumluğuna aykırı gibi görülebilecek ayetleri tefsir etmeye ayrı bir önem vermiştir.    Bu çalışmada İbn Hacer’in mezkûr eseri bağlamında ayetlere yaklaşımı incelenerek bir hadis âliminin Kur’an yorumuna ve ilimlerine ilişkin görüşleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Ibn Hajar al-Askalânî has an exceptional place in the science of Hadith. His work titled Fath al-Bârî is one of the important commentaries written on Bukhari's Sahîh. In this commentary, it is possible to come across the interpretation of the verses, the method followed by the commnetary and some approaches of the Quran. Ibn Hajar is highly dependent on the thought previously brought about by the earlier Islamic ideal tradition.  However, this does not mean that she did not criticize the tradition at all. Ibn Hajar adopted the narrative-weighted method of revelation, explained the preference among the narrations, sometimes made depictions to reconcile the narrations, and sometimes refused them. He relied on the legitimacy of the tafsir narrations and made explanations for the understanding of this, he made comparisons between the tafsir's views and examined the view that he believed to be true for reasons. Respectively, he determined the Qur'an as a method for him to interpret with the Qur'an, Sunnah, Sahabah/tabiun and language rules, and by this he revealed the importance of acting with a certain and correct method for commentary. Meanwhile, the importance of copyrighting among the verses has led him to act more carefully in accepting extinct verses. It is admirable that he reconciles the verses that seem to be opposite to the mind. Ibn Hajar was careful about the narrations of descend. His rejection of the problematic causes of proof proved that he had a strong identity due to narrations and that it was possible to understand the verses without condemning them to strange and exceptional narrations. While benefiting from the Israelites, he did not take the narrations that harmed the sinless existence of the prophets, and even devoted more time to the interpretation of the verses that would constitute this idea in his mind. Our aim in this article is to reveal his views on the Qur'an and its Sciences in detail with his sample verse explanations and his style of analysis, interpretation and approach while interpreting the verses.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=41880</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 1[43-61]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/321</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dilinde Cevap Harfleri: Kullanım Şekilleri ve Dilbilgisi Açısından Tahlili]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Replying Letters in Arabic: Gramatical Analysis in Terms of Usage Schemes and Information]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Ali Kılay ARAZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mahamadou KEITA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Cevap, Harf, Hurûf-i Meʻâni, Hurûf-i Mebâni, Olumlu, Olumsuz. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hurûf-i Meânî, Hurûf-i Mebânî, Letter, Negative, Positive, Replying.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Arapçada gramer kavramı olan “cevap harfleri” konuşmada özel bir rolü olan kelime türlerini ifade eder. Harf kelimesi, sözlüğe bakıldığında birkaç anlama gelmektedir. Bunlardan birisi dağın tepesi ve bir şeyin kenarı anlamıdır. Arapça dilbilgisi kavramlarına göre harf kelimesi iki farklı şekilde ifade edilmektedir; el-Hurûfu'l-mebânî ve el-Hurûfu'l-me‘âni. el-Hurûfu'l-mebânî Arap alfabesi demektir. el-Hurûfu'l-meâni ise Arapça kelime türlerinden biridir. Arapça kelime türlerinden biri olan meâni harfleri ''el-hurûfu'l-me'âni'' çeşitli harfleri kapsamaktadır. On bir tane olan cevap harfleri ''Ne‘am, Lâ, Kellâ, Belâ, î, İnne, Ecel, Ceyra, Celel, İzen, Becel'' el-Hurûfu'l-me‘âni’nin bir türü olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Bu cevap harfleri sarf bakımından; harflerinin sayısına göre sünâî, sülâsî ve rubâ‘î olmak üzere üç kısma ayrılmıştır. Nahiv bakımdan ise Ceyra kelimesi dışında, cevap harflerinin tamamı sükûn üzerine mebnidir. Ceyra kelimesi ise fetha veya kesre üzerine mebnidir. Ayrıca bu harflerden Ne‘am, î, İnne, Ecel, Ceyra, Celel, İzen, Becel gibi harflerin manası arasında küçük farklılık olmasına rağmen sorulan sorulara olumlu cevap vermek için kullanılmaktadır. Çoğu zaman ne‘am kelimesi eşanlamlı olarak kullanılmıştır. Lâ ve Kellâ sorulan bir soruya olumsuz cevap vermek üzere kullanılmaktadır. Belâ ise cevap verilen cümleye göre anlam içerir; soru negatif bir cümle ise cevap olumludur. Aksi takdirde cevap olumsuz olur. Bu harflerden bir kısmı Ceyra, İzan, Becel vs. gibi bazen cevap harfi bazen cevap harfi dışında bir harf olan kelime türü olarak kullanılmaktadır. İnne ve İzen kelimelerinin ise cevap harfi olup olmadığı, Arap dili âlimleri arasında tartışmalı bir konudur. Cevap harflerinden Kur’an-ı Kerimde farklı yerlerde  ''Neam, Belâ, î, Kellâ, İzen'' beş cevap harfi geçmektedir.  Bu çalışmada cevap harfleri sarf ve nahiv açısından incelenmiş olup, Kur’an’da geçen cevap harfleri ele alınmıştır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The term of “Replying Letters” is a gramatical concept in Arabic languge refers to kind of words have a special role in speech. The “letter” means a few things when you look at the dictionary. One of them is side of mountain and the edge of something. According to Arabic grammar concept, the word letter is expressed in two different ways; al-mebânî and al-meâni. Al-mebânî refers to Arabic alphabet or word’s structure and al-meâni refers to the meaning. "Hurûfu'l-me'ânî", are kind of the Arabic vocabulary types, it covere eleven letters for replying: Na‘am, lâ, kallâ, balâ, î, inna, ajal, gaira, jalal, ithan, bajal. Each one of Hurûfu’l-me‘ânî has a different meaning. These replying letters are are consumable; According to the structure Replying Letters are divided to three sections: Thunâî, Thulâthî and Rubâî. In terms of grammatical conquest terminology all the replying letters are on the serenity except “Jayra”. The “Jayra” is the word for Fatha or Kasra. In addition to small difference between the meaning of letters such as na‘am, î, inna, acal, jayra, jalal, ithan, bajal. In this research, the replying letters are examined in terms of consumable and naho and mentioned in the Qur'an are discussed.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=41877</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 2[133-145]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/322</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ İmam Hatip Liselerinde Liderlik, Okul Kültürü ve Kurumsal İmaj Algısı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Leadership, School Culture and Institutional Image Perception in Imam Hatip High Schools]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ümit KALKAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Eğitimi, Liderlik, Okul Kültürü, Kurumsal İmaj, İmam Hatip Lisesi, Okul Müdürleri.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religious Education, Leadership, School Culture, Corporate İmage, School Administrators.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Bu araştırmada, imam hatip liselerinde görev yapan öğretmenlerin liderlik, okul kültürü ve kurumsal imaj algılarının belirlenerek, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın hedef evreni, Konya ili Karatay, Selçuklu ve Meram ilçelerinde 25 imam hatip lisesinde görevli 1345 öğretmen arasından tabakalı örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 370 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğretmenler, okul müdürlerinin en fazla dönüşümcü liderlik özelliklerini gösterdikleri, sürdürümcü liderlik özelliklerinin orta düzeyde olduğunu ve serbest bırakıcı liderlik özelliklerini ise en az düzeyde sergilemektedirler. Öğretmenlerin okul kültürü algıları güçlü düzeydedir. Güçlü okul kültürü özelliklerini, işbirliği ve güven boyutunda en yüksek katılımı, öğretmen çabası ve öğrenci başarısında ise en az katılımı göstermişlerdir. Araştırmada imam hatip liselerindeki kurumsal imaj algısının orta düzeyde algılandığı görülmüştür. Öğretmenler görev yaptıkları eğitim kurumlarında en yüksek görünüm, en düşük ise program imajının etkili olduğunu ifade ederek okullarının kurumsal imajının orta düzeyde olduğunu belirtmiştir. Okul müdürlerinin dönüşümcü liderlik özelliklerinin okul kültürünü orta düzeyde ve anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği, sürdürümcü liderlik ile serbest bırakıcı liderlik özelliklerinin okul kültürünü negatif yönde olumsuz etkilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca dönüşümcü liderlik özellikleri ile kurumsal imaj arasında orta düzeyde anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği, sürdürümcü ve serbest bırakıcı liderlik özelliklerinin ise anlamlı düzeyde olumsuz ilişkiler olduğu görülmüştür.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[In this study, it was aimed to determine the leadership, school culture and corporate image perceptions of teachers working in imam hatip high schools and to reveal the relationships between the variables. The target population of the research consists of 370 teachers determined by stratified sampling method among 1345 teachers working in 25 imam hatip high schools in Karatay, Selçuklu and Meram districts of Konya. This study was designed in relational screening model using quantitative research method. According to the results of the research, teachers working in imam hatip high schools show that the school principals show the most transformational leadership characteristics, the trancastional leadership characteristics are at the medium level and the laissez-faire leadership characteristics are at the lowest level. Teachers' perceptions of school culture are strong. They showed strong school culture characteristics, highest participation in cooperation and trust, and least participation in teacher effort and student success. In the study, it was seen that the corporate image perception in imam hatip high schools was perceived at a medium level. Teachers stated that the highest image in the educational institutions they work in, and the lowest, the image of the program is effective, and that the institutional image of their schools is medium. It has been observed that the transformational leadership characteristics of school principals affect the school culture in a moderate and meaningful way, and that the trancastional leadership and laissez-faire leadership features negatively affect the school culture. In addition, it has been observed that the transformational leadership characteristics have a moderate meaningful effect between the corporate image and the trancastional and laissez-faire leadership characteristics have a significant negative relationship.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=41795</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 3[      347-360   ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/323</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Gönenli Mehmet Efendi’nin (1903-1991) Hayatı, Kişiliği Ve Eğitim Anlayışı]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Gonenli Mehmet Efendi's Life, Personality and Understanding of Education]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet Ali ÇANAKCI]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[GGönenli Mehmet Efendi, Eğitim, Din Eğitimi, Yaygın Din Eğitimi, İmam Hatip, Vâiz, Kur’an Kursu Öğreticisi, Reîsü’l-Kurrâ, Balıkesir.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Gonenli Mehmet Efendi, Education, Religious Education, Informal Religious Education, Imam Hatip, Preacher, Qur'an Course Instructor, Reîsu’l-Kurrâ, Balikesir.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Cumhuriyet döneminde yaşamış olan Gönenli Mehmet Efendi (1903-1991), imam-hatiplik, vâizlik, Kur’an Kursu öğreticiliği, Reîsü’l-Kurrâ’lık ve vakıf görevleriyle farklı sahalarda aktif rol oynamış çok yönlü bir din eğitimcisidir. Bu çalışmada, Gönenli Mehmet Efendi’nin hayatı, kişiliği ve eğitim anlayışının yaygın din eğitimi bağlamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Gönenli Mehmet Efendi’nin eğitim anlayışı; yaygın din eğitimi çalışmaları ve toplumun din-ahlak-değer eğitimine katkısı ekseninde ele alınarak ilke ve yöntemleriyle ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada tarama modeli benimsenerek tarihsel yöntem ile literatür taraması ve doküman incelemesi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede konuyla ilgili literatür taranmış, Gönenli Mehmet Efendi ile ilgili eserlerden ve konuyla ilgili yapılan benzer çalışmalardan yararlanılmıştır. Ulaşılan dokümanlar ve bulgular;  çalışmanın amacı, yöntemi çerçevesinde belli temalar altında tasnif edilmiş ve literatür ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan incelemelerde; Gönenli Mehmet Efendi’nin kişiliğinde ve düşünce dünyasında genelde insan, özelde sevgi, saygı, hoşgörü, paylaşım, empati, yardımlaşma merkezli bir yaklaşımın ön planda olduğu görülmektedir. Hz. Peygamber (sav)’in “Kolaylaştırınız, zorlaştırmayınız; müjdeleyiniz, nefret ettirmeyiniz” (Buhârî, İlim, 11) hadisi ekseninde eğitim anlayışını temellendirdiği ve hayatının sonuna kadar eğitim faaliyetlerinden ayrılmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Yaygın din eğitiminde farklı görevlerle toplum üzerinde etkili olduğu; söz-davranış uyumu, rol modellik özellikleri ve pedagojik/andragojik bir yaklaşımla toplumun (çocuklar, gençler ve yetişkinlerin) din-ahlak-değer eğitiminde ve dönüşümünde önemli rol oynadığı söylenebilir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Gonenli Mehmet Efendi (1903-1991), who lived in the Republican era, is a versatile religious educator who played an active role in different fields with his duties as imam-hatip, preacher, Qur'an course instructor, Reîsu'l-Kurrâ and foundation. In this study, it is aimed to examine Gonenli Mehmet Efendi's life, personality and understanding of education in the context of informal religious education. In this context, Gonenli Mehmet Efendi's understanding of education; it has been put forward through the principles and methods of widespread religious education studies and the contribution of society to religion-moral-value education. In the study, the scanning method was adopted and the literature review and document review methods were used with the historical method. In this context, the literature on the subject was scanned and works related to Gonenli Mehmet Efendi and similar studies on the subject were used. Documents and findings reached; the aim of the study was classified under certain themes within the framework of its method and evaluated in the light of the literature. In the examinations made, it is seen that Gonenli Mehmet Efendi's personality and the world of thought are at the forefront of a human-centered approach in general, love, respect, tolerance, sharing, empathy and solidarity. The Prophet said, “Make it easy, do not make it difficult; gospel, but do not hate it” (Bukhari, Science, 11) it is understood that he based his understanding of education on the axis of hadith and did not leave education activities until the end of his life. It is influential on society with different duties in informal religious education; It can be said that society (children, adolescents and adults) plays an important role in the education and transformation of religion-moral-value with word-behavior adaptation, role modeling features and a pedagogical / andragogic approach.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=41794</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 1[1-21]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/324</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Kur’an Kıraatı ile Arap Dilbilimi Münasebeti Üzerine ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Approach of Linguists to Qirāʾāt and the Position of Sībawayh]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Aydın KUDAT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kur’an-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat, Dilbilim, Kurrâ, Sibeveyhi, Tercih, İstişhad]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Qirāʾāt, Linguistics,  Qurrā, Sībawayh, Preference, Istishhad]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Arap dilbilimi ve kırâat bilimi hizmet ettikleri gayede ikiz gibidirler. Kaynak ve delil bağlamında aralarında sıkı bir ilişki vardır. Genel uygulama kaidelerini temellendirirken birbirini referans göstermektedirler. Süreç içerisinde bu iki disiplin, kendi aralarında tartışmışlar, bazen karşılıklı tenkitlere mahal olabilmiştir.  Tartışmaların odaklandığı iki temel husus, meselenin kaynak boyutu ve pratikliğinin referansıdır. Bu minvalde nakil, semâ’, kıyas, illet ve istişhad çok sıkı kullanılan metotlardır. Dilbilimcilerin kırâatın muhtelif bazı vecihlerini tenkit etmeleri ve Arap dil gramerlerini gerekçelendirmede daha fazla başka argümanlarla istişhad yönüne gitmelerinin sebebi ne olabilir? Sîbeveyhi’nin bu husustaki konumu ve bu iki disiplin arasındaki sergilediği tavır kendinden sonra gelen dilbilimciler için neyi ifade etmektedir? Gramer ve kıyası önceleyen yaklaşım hicrî üçüncü asırdan itibaren yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Kırâat vucûhatını başta dilbilim olmak üzere birden fazla argümanlarla gerekçelendirme faaliyetleri sonucu vecihler arasında tercih etme eğilimi ortaya çıkmış hatta bazı vecihler tenkid edilebilmiştir. Meselenin gramer ve resm-i mushaf boyutunu öncelikli görenler farklı vecihler arasında ihtiyar yaparken kıyası öne çıkarma eğiliminde olabilmişlerdir. Kırâatın sened, müşâfehe, telakki ve tahammül boyutunu öncelikli görenler ise; tercih hususunda daha ihtiyatlı bir tavır sergilemişlerdir. Kırâatın naklî boyutu bağlamında Arap dilbilimcileri, dilciler kadar mutedil değiller. Bu makalede dilbilimcilerin kırâat yaklaşımı incelenecek, sonra bir denge unsuru olarak Sîbeveyhi’nin tavrı ele alınacaktır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic linguistics and qıraa are twins on the basis of the basic aim that they are serving. There is an intense relationship between them in the context of source and hujjat. They refer to each other when basing the general application rules. Within the process, these two disciplines discussed among themselves, sometimes it was possible for mutual criticism. The two main issues on which the discussions are focusing is the issue of resource dimension and practicality reference. In this context, naqil, semāʿ, qıyas, illat ve istishhad are the most commonly used arguments. What could be the reason for the linguists to criticize various aspects of Qirāʾāt for further arguments to justify the Arabic language grammars? What does Sībawayh's position in this regard and the attitude between these two disciplines mean for subsequent linguists? The grammar and the prioritising approach of qiyās have become widespread since the hegira of the third century. As a result of the activities that justify the qıraat with multiple arguments, especially linguistics, there has been a tendency to choose among the aspects and some aspects have even been criticized. Those who see the grammatical and formal-mushaf dimension of the issue as anterior could tend to highlight the qiyās, while choosing among different aspects. Those who see the sanad, mushâfaha telakki und tahammul dimensions of qıraa as anterior, showed a more cautious attitude about preference. In the context of the naql dimension of Qirāʾāt, Arabic linguists are not as moderate as philologists. In this article, the attitude of Sibeveyhi will be discussed as a balance element in the axis of Qirāʾāt approach of linguists.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=41596</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 1[63-75]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/325</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslam Kadın İlmihallerinde Kadının Toplumsal Hayattaki Yeri: Kadın ve Erkek İlmihal Yazarları Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Status of Women in Socıal Life at Islamic Women’s Catechisms: A Comparison Between Female and Male Authors]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Senem GÜRKAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Erkan PERŞEMBE]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İlmihal, Kadın İlmihali, toplumsal cinsiyet, kadın, din ve kadın. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Catechisms, Women’s Catechisms, gender, women, women and religion]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[İslam ilmihal kitapları, Müslümanların ibadet, inanç ve ahlak sistemlerine ilişkin bilgileri edinebileceği, dini yaşayışın inanç, dini pratikler, tecrübe, bilgi ve etkiler boyutlarına değinen birer gündelik yaşam kılavuzu anlamına gelmektedir. Bu eserler farklı mesleklere, gereksinimlere, yaş gruplarına ve cinsiyetlere göre yazılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da, kadınlar için yazılmış olan İslam Kadın İlmihallerinde, kadının toplumsal hayattaki yerini kadın ve erkek yazarlar açısından karşılaştırmaktır. Bu bağlamda içerik analizi ile desenlenecek ve feminist epistemoloji yaklaşımıyla yürütülecek olan bu nitel çalışma, iki ana ulam çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Bu ulamlar çalışma hayatında ve sosyal haklar bağlamında kadındır. Yapılan incelemeler ve okumalar, kadının çalışma hayatı kategorisinin iş gücüne katılım, cinsiyetçi meslek ayrımı ve ücrette adaletin sağlanması gibi alt kategorilerde; sosyal haklar bağlamının ise eğitim ve öğrenim hakkı, miras ve mülkiyet hakkı ve siyasi haklar bağlamında incelenebileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma sonuçları, çok öz olarak, gerek kadın, gerekse erkek yazarların toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin etkisini yazılarında gösterdiğini göstermiştir. Kendileri de kadın olmalarına karşın kadın yazarların kadınların problematik alanlarına eserlerinde erkeklerden daha az işledikleri bir diğer bulgudur. ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic Catechisms are the daily life guides which Muslims can gain knowledge about prayers, belief and ethic and which mention the belief, practice, experience, knowledge and consequences dimensions of religious life. These books can be written for various purposes such as different occupations, necessities, age groups and genders. The aim of this study is to compare the women and men authors of the Islamic Women’s Catechisms in terms of the status of women in social life. Within this context, this qualitative study conducted through content analysis strategy and feminist epistemology approach, was run within two categories. These categories are women in working life and women in terms of social rights. The readings and analysis demonstrated that women in working life can be subcategorized as labor force participation, gender based occupational discrimination and providing justice for wages; women in terms of social rights can be subcategorized as educational rights, right of succession and proprietary and political rights. The results of the study, in brief, show that both female and male authors reflected gender inequalities to their writings. Another finding is that even if they are female the women, authors mention the problematic fields for women less than those of males. ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=41505</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 2[211-222]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/326</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Yahudi Kutsal Yazılarına Karşı Orta Çağ Müslüman Polemikleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Medieval Muslim Polemics Against the Jewish Scriptures]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İrem CEYHAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Camille ADANG]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kelam, Tahrif, Kitab-ı Mukaddes, İslam, Yahudilik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kalam, Distorted, Bible, Islam, Judaism]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Camilla Adang, Tel Aviv Üniversitesi Arabic and Islamic Studies bölümünde görev yapan bir teologdur. Kendisinin Yahudilik, Hıristiyanlık ve İslamla alakalı birçok çalışması bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda o, ilgili dinlerin kitapları, âlimleri ve fırkaları ile alakalı birçok analizler yapmıştır. Özellikle İbn Hazm, Zahiriler, Karailer ve Mutezile ile ilgili çalışmaları dikkate değerdir. Adang'ın İslam ve karşılaştırmalı ilahi dinler üzerine birçok çalışması olmasına rağmen, eserleri Türkçe’ye çevrilmediği için fazla bilinmemektedir. Bu çevirideki amacımız bir taraftan metnin önemine dikkat çekerken diğer taraftan da Adang’ın tanınırlığını artırmaya çalışmaktır. &#13;
Çevirimiz Kitab-ı Mukaddes’in tahrifi ile alakalıdır. Adang tahrifi kronolojik olarak âlimlerin bakışlarıyla bizlere sunmuştur. Bu bağlamda kendisi; Ali b. Rabban et-Taberî, İbn Kuteybe, el-Taberî, Makdisî ve İbn Hazm’ı analiz etmiştir. İlk ele aldığı kişi İbn Rabban, kendisi hakkında İslam Ansiklopedisinde adından başka bir şey bulunmamasından dolayı önemlidir. Adang’ın bu çalışmasıyla İbn Rabban’ın künyesi, eseri ve yöntemiyle alakalı bilgi sahibi oluyoruz. Onunla ilgili dikkat çeken noktalardan biri ise Adang’ın onunla alakalı dönemde uygulanan vergi gibi durumlardan dolayı Müslüman olması iddiasıdır. Çalışmada Adang bu konuyu analiz etmiştir. Çalışmada öne çıkan mevzulardan birisi de ele alınan beş alimin tahrife yaklaşımı durumudur. Bu alimlerden ilk üçü yani; İbn Rabban, İbn Kuteybe ve Taberî tahrifin sadece yorumda olduğunu iddia etmişlerdir. Makdisî ve İbn Hazm ise metnin de tahrif edildiğini savunmuşlardır. Ancak yine de ikisinin de Hz. Muhammed’e atıfta bulunduğunu düşündükleri pasukları referans gösterdikleri görülmüştür. &#13;
Doktora tezimi yazdığım sırada elime geçen bu kaynak Jacques Wardenburg editörlüğünde yayımlanmış “Muslim Perceptions of Other Religions” isimli kitapta bir bölüm olarak basılmış ve tarafımızca Türkçe’ye tercüme edilmiştir. Çevirinin okuyuculara ve ilim dünyasına katkıda bulunmasını temenni ederken; yazarın da daha fazla çalışmasının çevrilmesinin faydalı olacağı kanaatimi de paylaşmak isterim. ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Camilla Adang is a theologist working at Tel Aviv University's Arabic and Islamic Studies department. She has many studies on Judaism, Christianity and Islam. In this context, she made many analyzes on the books, scholars and religious groups of divine religions. Especially her works on Ibn Hazm, Zahiries, Karaitas and Mu’tazila are remarkable. Although Adang has many studies on Islam and comparative divine religions, since her works are not translated into Turkish, they are not known much. Our aim in this translation is to draw attention to the importance of the text on the one hand and to try to increase the recognition of Adang on the other. &#13;
Our translation is about the destruction of the Bible. Adang presented the falsification chronologically to us with the gaze of scholars. In this context, she is; Ali b. Rabban al-Tabarî analyzed Ibn Qutayba, al-Tabarî, al-Maqdisî and Ibn Hazm. The first person she dealt with was Ibn Rabban. In The Islamic Encyclopedia only has a name about he. There is nothing else. Therefore, translation becomes important. With this work of Adang, we have information about the identity, work and method of Ibn Rabban. One of the remarkable points about him is the claim that Adang was a Muslim because of the taxes applied in the period related to him. In the study, Adang analyzed this issue. One of the prominent issues in the study is the attitude of five information dealing with distortion. The first three of these scholars are; Ibn Rabban, Ibn Qutayba and Tabari claimed that the dissolution was only in interpretation. Maqdisî and İbn Hazm also argued that the text was falsified. However, both of them it was seen that they refer to the verses that they thought were referring to Muhammad.&#13;
This resource, which I received when I wrote my doctoral dissertation, was published as a chapter in the book titled “Muslim Perceptions of Other Religions” published by Jacques Wardenburg and translated to Turkish by us.I hope that the translation will contribute to the readers and the world of knowledge. I also believe that it will be useful to translate the author's further work.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=41464</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 1[113-132 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/327</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Etvâr-ı Seb’a Geleneği ve Vâhib Ümmî’de Etvâr-ı Seb‘a]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Atwar-ı Sab‘a Tradition and Atwar-ı Sab‘a in the Collection of Vahib Ummi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet ŞAHİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Etvâr-ı seb’a, Vâhib Ümmî, Halvetiyye, Yedi tavır, Nefsin mertebeleri.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Atwar-ı saba, Vahib Ummi, Khalwatiyya, Seven manners, Stages of self.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Çalışmamızın konusu etvâr-ı seb’a’nın incelenmesi, yazılan mensur ve manzum eserlerin tespit edilmesi, genel çerçevesinin çizilmesi ve Vâhib Ümmî’nin Dîvân-ı İlâhiyyat’ından hareketle nefsin yedi tavrının tespitidir. Arşiv araştırması yöntemiyle hazırlanan bu çalışma neticesinde etvâr-ı seb’a konusunda yazılmış 56 adet manzum ve mensur eser tespit edilerek, kütüphanedeki yerleri gösterilmiştir. İlk tespitlere göre, eserler büyük oranda akademik olarak incelemeye tabi tutulmamıştır. Etvâr-ı seb’a hakkındaki tespit edilen 56 eserin çoğunun Halvetiyye tarikati mensuplarınca yazıldığı görülmüştür. Etvâr-ı Seb’a: nefs-i emmâre, nefs-i levvâme, nefs-i mülhime, nefs-i mutmainne, nefs-i raziyye, nefs-i marziyye ve nefs-i kâmile olarak yedi mertebenin adıdır. Her mertebenin bir makamı, her makamın da bir zikri bulunmaktadır. Emmârenin makamı sadr, levvâmenin makamı kalp, mülhimenin makamı ruh, mutmainnenin makamı sır, raziyenin makamı hafî, marziyyenin makamı kürsî, kâmilenin makamı ise ahfâ’dır. Bu mertebelerin aşılması seyr ü sülük olarak bilinir ki her bir mertebede Allah’ın bir ismi zikredilir. Emmârede Lâ ilâhe illallah, levvâmede Allah, mülhimede Hû, mutmainnede Hak, râziyede Hay, marziyyede Kayyûm ve kâmilede ise Kahhâr ismi zikredilerek günlük virdler yapılır. Bu çalışmada bunlar ortaya konulduktan sonra Vâhib Ümmî’nin Dîvân-ı İlâhiyyât’ında bunların tespiti yapılmıştır. Dîvân’dan hareketle Vâhib Ümmî’nin etvâr-ı seb‘ayı insan-ı kâmil olma yolunda seyr ü sülûkun bir parçası olarak ele aldığı görülmüştür. Etvâr-ı seb‘a ile ilgili manzumeler tespit edililerek kısa tanıtımları yapılmıştır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The subject of our study is to examine atwar-ı saba, to determine prose and verse works written in this subject, to draw the general framework and to determine the seven manners of the self by means of Vahib Ummi's collection (Divan-ı İlahiyyat). 56 verses and prose works written on atwar-ı saba were identified and their places in the library were shown as a result of this study designed with archival research method. According to the initial findings, most of the works were not subject to academic examination. It was observed that 56 works found about atwar-ı saba were mainly written by members of the Khalwatiyyah dervish order. Atwar-ı saba refers to the seven manners of self, consisting of commanding self (emmare), accusing self (levvame), inspiring self (mülhime), serene self self (mutmainne), pleased self (raziye), fulfilling self (marziyye) and purified &amp; complete self (kamile). Each stage has a place and each place has an invocation. The place of commanding selfis head, place of accusing self is heart, place of inspiring self is soul, place of serene is secret, place of pleased self is hint, place of fulfilling self is holy wisdom and place of purified &amp;complete self is the most hidden secret (ahfa). Exceeding these levels is known as sayr-u suluk and in each stage, a name of Allah is mentioned. By mentioning La ilahe illallah (There is no God but Allah) in commanding self, Allah (God) in accusing self, Hu in inspiring self, Haqq in serene self, Hayy in pleased self, Qayyoom in fulfiling self and Qahhar in purified &amp;complete self, daily invocations are made. In this study, after these issues were revealed, they were determined in the collection (Divan-ı İlahiyyât) of Vahib Ummi. Based on Divan, it is seen that Vahib Ummi considered atwar-ı saba as a part of the course on the way to become a perfect human being. The poets about atwar-ı saba were revealed and their short introductions were made.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=40030</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 1[77-96]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/328</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[DİNDARLAR DAHA FAZLA MÜTEVAZI MI? ALÇAKGÖNÜLLÜLÜK VE DİNDARLIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ARE RELIGIOUS INDIVIDUALS MORE HUMBLE? THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMILITY AND RELIGIOSITY]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yunus Emre TEMİZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Psikolojisi, Pozitif Psikoloji, Alçakgönüllülük, Dindarlık]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Psychology of Religion, Positive Psychology, Humility, Religiosity]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Alçakgönüllülük yüz yıllardır teolojik bir kavram olarak değerlendirilmektedir. O, dünya dinlerinin çoğunda merkezi bir erdem olarak betimlenmektedir. Alçakgönüllülüğün önemi farklı teolojik gelenekler boyunca uzanmaktadır. Yahudilik, Hristiyanlık ve İslâm olmak üzere üç büyük teistik din dikkate alındığında alçakgönüllülüğün önemli bir erdem olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Dinlerin alçakgönüllülüğe verdiği değerden ötürü dindar bireyler, dindar olmayanlara göre daha fazla mütevazı davranma eğiliminde olabilir ve kendilerini daha fazla mütevazı olarak görebilirler. Bu kapsamda “dindar bireyler dindar olamayanlara göre daha fazla mütevazı mı?” sorusu çerçevesinde gelişen araştırmada iç kaynaklı dindarlık ile alçakgönüllülük arasındaki ilişki ve etkileşim konu edinilmektedir. Ayrıca demografik değişkenler çerçevesinde alçakgönüllülük ve dindarlığın cinsiyete göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı, öğrenim görülen fakülte değişkenine göre alçakgönüllülük ve dindarlığın nasıl değiştiği araştırılmaktadır. Ulaşılan bulgular neticesinde dindarlıkla alçakgönüllülük arasında orta düzeyde, pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca iç kaynaklı dindarlığın alçakgönüllülüğün anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Alçakgönüllülük ve dindarlık arasındaki bu ilişkinin yanı sıra demografik değişkenler bağlamında kadınların alçakgönüllülük ve dindarlık düzeyinin erkeklerden yüksek olduğu, ilahiyat fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin alçakgönüllülük ve dindarlık düzeylerinin araştırmaya dâhil olan diğer fakültelerde öğrenim gören öğrencilerden anlamlı bir şekilde yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular literatürdeki diğer araştırma verileriyle karşılaştırıldığında, dindarlığın alçakgönüllülüğü teşvik ettiği ancak onun temel bir bileşeni olmadığı sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Humility has been an important theological concept for millennia. Humility is a central virtue of many world religions. Its importance extends across diverse theological traditions. Considering the three major theistic religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam, humility appears to be an important virtue. Because of the value many religions place on humility, religious individuals may tend to behave more humble, and see themselves as more humble than non-religious ones. The focus of the research is whether religious individuals are more humble than non- religious ones. In this context, the research focuses on the relationship and interaction between internal religiosity and humility. Furthermore, it is investigated whether humility and religiosity differ according to gender and faculty type within the framework of demographic variables. As a result, it was found that there is a moderate, positive and significant relationship between religiosity and humility. In addition, it was found that internal religious motivation was a significant predictor of humility. It was also found that the level of humility and religiosity of women was higher than that of men and the level of humility and religiosity of the students studying in theology faculty was significantly higher than that of the students in other faculties. When the findings of this study are compared with other research data in the literature, it appears that religiosity promotes humility but it is not a basic component of it.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39970</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[779-806]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/329</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ARİSTOTELES VE İBN RÜŞD’E GÖRE GÖRELİK KAVRAMI]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ ARISTOTELES AND THE CONCEPT OF RELATIVITY ACCORDING TO IBN RUSHD]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Emel SÜNTER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Görelilik, Felsefe, Protagos, Aristoteles, İbn Rüşd.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Relativity, Philosophy, Protagos, Aristotle, Ibn Rushd.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Felsefe tarihinin en eski ve en önemli konularından biri olan Rölativizm yani görelik /görecilik bir şeyin başka bir şeye bağlı olması olarak tanımlanır. Görelilik kesin olmamakla birlikte kişiden kişiye ve devirden devire değişiklik gösteren bir kavramdır. Bu kavrama göre, herkes için geçerli mutlak bir gerçeklik olmadığı gibi aynı zamanda, hakikat ve gerçeklik durum ve mekâna göre de değişebilir. Başka bir ifadeyle evrensel bir mutlak gerçeklik kavramından söz etmek mümkün değildir. Görelilik kavramında esas olan kültürel, dilsel, toplumsal ve tarihsel açılardan faklı yorumların olmasıdır. Bu bakımdan göreliliğin birçok türü vardır. Mesela epistemoloji ve ahlak felsefelerinde görelilik kavramı önemli ölçüde kullanılmıştır. Epistemolojide özellikle Sofistlerin öne sürdüğü görelilik kavramını Protagos’ “insan her şeyin ölçüsüdür”, görüşüyle tüm bilgi ve değerlerin göreli ve herkes için farklı olabileceğini savunur. Çünkü bu düşünce anlayışına göre, varlığı meydana getiren ana madde sürekli bir değişim ve akış durumundadır. Bu bakımdan Protagos’a göre, var olan her insan aynı zamanda var olan her doğrunun da ölçüsüdür. Aristoteles, bu görüşü eleştirerek görelilik kavramını, birbirine göreli olan iki şeyin birbirine dönüştürülerek denk olma durumunu kıyas yöntemiyle değerlendirmiştir. İslam filozofu İbn Rüşd’te Aristoteles’in fikirlerinden etkilenmiştir. İbn Rüşd, görelilik kavramını da, on kategori çerçevesinde ele almıştır. Ona göre görelilikte bir kıyas söz konusudur. Çünkü bir şeyin varlığı bir başkasının varlığıyla kıyaslanarak açıklanır. Ancak bu görelilik neden sonuç ilişkisi bağlamında olmadığı görülmektedir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Relativism, which is one of the oldest and most important subjects in the history of philosophy, is defined as the relativity / relativity. Relativity is a concept that varies from person to person and from cycle to cycle. According to this concept, not only is there an absolute reality for everyone, but also truth and reality vary according to the situation and place. In other words, it is not possible to speak of a universal concept of absolute reality. What is essential in the concept of relativity is cultural, linguistic, social and historical aspects. In this respect, there are many types of relativity. For example, the concept of relativity has been used to a great extent in epistemology and moral philosophies. In epistemology, Protagos argues that dür man is the measure of everything ına to the notion of relativity initiated by the Sophists, with the view that all knowledge and values can be relative and different for all. Because according to this idea, the main material that constitutes the existence is in a state of continuous change and flow. In this respect, according to Protagos, every human being is also a measure of every existing truth. Aristotle, criticizing this view of the concept of relativity, the two things that are relative to each other by comparing the situation of the equivalence of the situation has been evaluated. The Islamic philosopher Ibn Rushd was also influenced by the ideas of Aristotle. Ibn Rushd also dealt with the concept of relativity within the framework of ten categories. According to him, there is a comparison in relativity. Because the existence of one thing is explained by comparing it to the existence of another. However, this relativity is not seen in the context of cause and effect relationship.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39908</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[759-777]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/330</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İBN HİBBÂN’IN KİTÂBÜ’L-MECRÛHÎN’DEKİ RİCÂL TENKİT METODU]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Ibn Hibban's Narrator Critisim Method in His Book Named Kitabu'l-Majruhin ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yavuz KÖKTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[İsmail KURT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İbn Hibbân, Kitâbü’l-Mecrûhîn, Ricâl tenkidi, Metot, Zayıf Râvi.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ibn Hibban, Kitabü’l-Majruhin, the Narrator criticsim, Method, The Weak Narrator.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[İbn Hibbân, IV/X. asırda yaşamış ve yazdığı eserlerle rical tenkidinde sonraki döneme kaynaklık etmiş önemli bir muhaddistir. Onun yazddığı kitaplarından bir kısmı râvilerle alakalıdır. Bu kitaplardan birisi de makalemizin konusu olan Kitâbü’l-Mecrûhîn’dir. Aslında bu eserin, sika râvileri konu edinen Kitâbu’s-Sikât’la birlikte Kitâbu’t- Târihi’l-Kebîr’in bir parçası olduğu bizzat İbn Hibbân tarafından dile getirilmektedir. Her iki eserden Kitâbu’l-Mecrûhîn’in sonradan kaleme alındğı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu eser, duafâ edebiyatı içerisinde ihtiva ettiği râvi sayısı, selef münekkitlere ait değerlendirmelerin miktarı, herhangi bir râvi hakkında hüküm verilirken sebep bildiren izahatlar yapılması gibi hususlarla ön plana çıkmıştır.&#13;
Bu makalenin temel hedefi, İbn Hibbân’ın herhangi bir râvi hakkında elde ettiği hükme hangi metotlarla ulaştığını ortaya koymaktır. Görebildiğimiz kadarıyla o, hüküm vereceği zaman üç temel hareket noktasına sahiptir. Bunlar bir münekkit olarak râvi ile likası çerçevesinde edindiği kanaatler, selef münekkitlerden aktarılan değerlendirmeler ve ilgili râvinin aktardığı hadislerdir. İncelemelerimiz neticesinde onun bu unsurları kullanarak ricâl tenkidi gerçekleştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda ricâl ve siyer bilgisinden istifade, çeşitli açılardan hoca-öğrenci, râvi-sika râvi mukayesesi, hadisin farklı zamanlardaki rivayetini karşılaştırma, rivayeti oluşturduğu nüshada kontrol etme gibi metotlar kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. İbn Hibbân’ın ricâl tenkidinde böylesi bir metodik yaklaşım sergilemesi cerh-ta’dîl ilminin hem sağlam bir geleneğe bağlı olduğunu hem de dinamik bir yönünün bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Ibn Hibban is important scholar lived in fourth century who became sources for last centurys with his books. The books he written related to the narrators. One of these books is Kitabu’l- Majruhin. In fact it is part of the Kitabu’t-Tarihi’l-Kabir. The another part is Kitabu’s-Sikat according to Ibn Hibban’s description. Kitabu’l- Majruhin was written after Kitabu’s-Sikat. This book came forward amongs the books written about weak narrators because it contained a lot of narrators, the comments about the weak narrators belongs to the authorities and the hadiths of the narrators whom took part in this book.&#13;
The basic aim of this article is to find out Ibn Hibbân’s method in which used while examined the narrators. As we see he had three instrument on rijal criticism. One of them is clues while he met as authority with any narrator. Second of them is the comments which transmitted from first authorities about tha narrators and third is the hadiths belongs to the narrators. We saw after our search that he fulfilled the examine of the narrators by this instruments. The methods he used in this frame; using the knowladge of the life of prophet Mohammed (p.b.u.h.) and rijal, the comparison of weak and reliable narrators or studend and teacher, the searching same hadith in various times or own manuscript. Ibn Hibbân’s applaying these methods in narrators criticism proves that the science of al-jarh and al-ta’dîl has both dynamic dimension and consistent tradition.&#13;
&#13;
]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39893</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[713-725]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/331</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Memlüklerde İlmî Hayat ve Kadınların İlmî Hayattaki Yeri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Scholarly Life in Mamluk Sultanate and Women’s Place in Scholarly Life]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammet YILMAZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nagihan EMİROĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Memlükler, Türk, İlmi Hayat, Kadın]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Mamluks, Turks, Scholarly Life, Women]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[“Türk Devleti” diye isimlendirilen Memlükler Devleti, günümüze ulaşan çok sayıdaki ansiklopedik çapta edebî, tarihî, dinî ve biyografik eserleriyle dikkat çekmektedir. Bu durum söz konusu dönemin büyük bir ilmî hareketliliğe sahne olduğunu göstermektedir. Mısır'da Memlükler devrinde görülen ilmî uyanışı, Abbâsî hilafetinin Mısır'da yeniden ihyasına bağlayanlar olduğu gibi, bunu Moğol istilası neticesinde diğer İslam ülkelerinden pek çok âlimin Mısır'a göç etmesi ile ilişkili görenler de vardır. Esasen bu olguyu Memlük sultan ve emîrlerinin ilme ve ilim adamlarına vermiş oldukları değerle izah etmek de mümkündür. Neden her ne olursa olsun İslâmî ilimlerin her branşında yetişen âlimler, telif edilen eserler, kurulan darülhadis ve medreseler, yetiştirilen talebeler bu dönemdeki ilmî hayata şahitlik etmektedir. Bu dönemde erkeklerin yanında kadınlar da ilmî hayatta etkin rol oynamışlardır. Hadis ilmi başta olmak üzere kadınlar, evlerde, bahçe ve camilerde düzenledikleri ilim meclislerinde pek çok ders okutmuşlardır.  Memlükler döneminde kadınların sosyal hayata katılımlarında Türk kültürünün izleri açıkça görülebilir.  Nitekim söz konusu dönemin toplumsal yapısında kadınların sosyal statülerini görmek için onlara verilen lakaplara göz atmak yeterli olacaktır.  Memlük yöneticilerinin hanımlarına büyük bir değer verdiği ve aslen kendilerine mahsus bir şeref unvanı olan “havend (hond)” lakabını onlar için de kullandıkları bilinmektedir.  Gerçi birkaç istisna dışında bu dönemde kadınlar siyasî alanda pek fazla ön plana çıkmamışlardır. Bununla birlikte onların özellikle ilmî, içtimaî, mimarî vb. alanlarda etkin bir rol oynadıkları söylenebilir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The Mamluks State, which is named as “the Realm of the Turks”, attracts attention with its numerous encyclopedic literary, historical, religious and biographical works. This shows that the period in question was a scene of great scholarly activity. There are those who link the scholarly revival of the Mamluks in Egypt to the revival of the Abbasid caliphate in Egypt, or those who link it with the migration of many scholars from other Islamic countries to Egypt as a result of the Mongol invasion. In fact, it is possible to explain this phenomenon with the value that the Mamluk sultans and emirs gave to scholars and science itself. Regardless of the reason, the scholars that are trained in all branches of Islamic sciences, the compiled works, the established darülhadis and madrasahs and the grown students witness the scientific life in this period. In this period, women played an active role in scientific life as well as men. Women have taught many courses, especially Hadith, in homes, gardens and mosques. The traces of Turkish culture can be clearly seen in the participation of women in social life during the Mamluk period. As a matter of fact, in order to see the social status of women in the social structure of this period, it is enough to look at the nicknames given to them. It is known that the Mameluke rulers attach great importance to their ladies and use the nickname “havend (hond)”, which is an honor of their own, for them. However, with few exceptions, women did not come to the forefront in the political sphere. On the other hand, it can be said that they play an active role especially in scholarly, social and architectural fields.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39764</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 1[97-111]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/332</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[EVLİLİKTE DİNİN ETKİSİNİ HİSSETME VE EVLİLİK UYUMU İLİŞKİSİ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEELING THE EFFECT OF RELIGION IN MARRIAGE AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet Rifat GEÇİOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Evlilik, Aile, Evlilik Uyumu, Yakın İlişkiler, Dinin Etki Boyutu.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Marriage, Family, Marital Adjustment, Close Relationships, Consequential Dimension of Religion.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Bu çalışmanın amacı, evlilikte dinin etkisini hissetmeye dair değişkenlerin evlilik uyumunu anlamlı bir şekilde yordayıp yordamadığını ortaya koymaktır. Katılımcılar 389 (170 kadın, 219 erkek)  evli bireyden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada Çift Uyum Ölçeği ve evlilikte dinin etkisini gösterdiği düşünülen 9 maddelik bir soru dizini kullanılmıştır. Evlilik uyumu ile evlilikte dinin etkisini hissetmeye dair değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak için çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Çoklu regresyon analizi sonucuna göre, evlilikte dinin etkisini hissetmeye dair 9 değişken hep birlikte ele alındığında, onların, evlilik uyumu puanlarıyla anlamlı bir ilişki içinde oldukları görülmüştür. Bu 9 yordayıcı değişken, evlilik uyumu puanlarındaki toplam varyansın yaklaşık %33’ünü anlamlı bir şekilde açıklamıştır (R= .571,  R2= .326,  p&lt; .001). Diğer taraftan regresyon katsayılarının anlamlılığına ilişkin t testi sonuçlarına bakıldığında ise eşin iyiliği için dua etme, dinî inancın ailevî problemlerde daha anlayışlı ve affedici olma üzerinde etkisi ve dinî inancın boşanma konusundaki tutumu yumuşatması değişkenlerinin evlilik uyumu üzerinde anlamlı yordayıcılar oldukları, diğer 6 değişkenin (din emrettiği için evlilik dışı ilişkilerden kaçınma, dinî inancın eşe olan sadakati artırması, evliliği kutsal bir müessese olarak görme, evlilikte dinî emir ve yasakları gözetme, Ramazan ayı boyunca eşle ve çocuklarla iftar yapma ve yemek sonrası aileyle birlikte dua etme) ise evlilik uyumu üzerinde anlamlı bir yordayıcı olmadıkları görülmüştür. Ortaya çıkan bu araştırma bulguları ilgili literatür bağlamında tartışılmış ve yorumlanmıştır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The aim of this study is to determine whether the variables of feeling the effect of religion in marriage significantly predicted marital adjustment. The participants consisted of 389 married individuals (170 female, 219 male). In the study, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and a 9-item question index which is thought to show the effect of religion in marriage were used. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to reveal the relationship between marital adjustment and the variables of feeling the effect of religion in marriage. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, when 9 variables of feeling the effect of religion in marriage were taken together, they were found to have a significant relationship with marital adjustment scores. These 9 predictive variables significantly explained about 33% of the total variance in marital adjustment scores (R= .571,  R2= .326,  p&lt; .001). On the other hand, when the results of the t-test regarding the significance of regression coefficients are examined, 3 variables (praying for the good of the spouse, the effect of religious belief on being more understanding and forgiving in familial problems, and the softening of divorce attitudes due to religious belief) are significant predictors of marital adjustment. The other 6 variables (avoiding of extramarital affairs because religion orders, deepening commitment to spouse because of religious faith, seeing marriage as a sacred institution, observing religious orders and prohibitions in marriage, breaking fast (iftar) with wife and children during the month of Ramadan, praying with family after dinner) were not significant predictors of marital adjustment. The findings of this research have been discussed and interpreted in the context of the relevant literature.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39686</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[621-642]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/333</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Niyâzî-i Mısrî’nin İzinde: Gülzâr-ı Mısrî]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[In the Footsteps of Niyazi Misry: Golzaar Misry]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Serhat GÜLTAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Şemseddin Mısrî, Gülzâr-ı Mısrî, Niyâzî-i Mısrî, Biyografi, Tasavvuf]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Shams Al-Din Mısrî, Biography, Golzaar Shamsy, Mysticisim]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Türk Edebiyatı’ndaki biyografi türlerinden biri de kronolojik bilgiler dikkate alınarak kaleme alınan menakıpnamelerdir.  Bu çalışmada Bursa Mısrî tekkesinin son postnişini Şemseddin Mısrî’nin de mensubu bulunduğu Mısriyye tarikatının piri Niyâzî-i Mısrî ve Mısriyye kültürüne ayrılan Gülzâr-ı Mısrî isimli eserinin çeşitli yönleriyle ele alınarak ilim dünyasına tanıtılacaktır. Gülzâr-ı Mısrî, Şemseddin Efendi’nin oluşturmayı düşündüğü üçlü serinin ilk eseridir. Bu bağlamda Bursa dergahlarının pek çok yönüyle incelendiği Yâdigâr-ı Şemsî ikinci sırayı almaktadır. Serinin son halkası ise 1846 yılından sonra Bursa’da bulunan âlim, şeyh, hattât gibi farklı meslek gruplarına mensup Bursalı meşhûr kişilerin biyografilerinin serdedildiği Bahâr-ı Şemsî’dir. Adı geçen eserlerden yalnızca Yâdigâr-ı Şemsî, yayın hayatına kazandırılmış olup ünik nüsha halindeki diğer iki eserin ise yalnızca isimleri bilinmekle birlikte henüz neşredilmemiştir. Cumhuriyet öncesi dönemde yaşamış birçok müellifin telifâtının tam olarak tespit edilebilmesi çoğunlukla kendisinden sonra kaleme alınmış eserlerden hareketle mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu durumun bir istisnası Şemseddin Efendi’dir. Zira Şemseddin Efendi bizzat eserlerinin hem dökümünü yapmış hem de muhtevaları hakkında birinci elden bilgi vermiştir. Bu bağlamda örneğine ender rastlanan bir şekilde o, her beytinde kaleme aldığı kitabın ismini ve kısaca muhtevasını belirterek bir manzûme yazar. Öncelikle Gülzâr-ı Mısrî’nin müellifi Şemseddin Efendi’nin hayatı, silsilesi ulaşılabildiği kadarıyla manzûm ve mensur eserleri hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra, çalışmanın esâs konusunu teşkîl eden Gülzâr-ı Mısrî’nin kaynakları, nüsha ve tür özellikleri, muhtevası ve Mısriyye kültürü açısından önemi ele alınacaktır. ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[One of The biography types in the Turkish literature is the sagas written by considering the chronological information. In this study, Golzaar Misry, the work of Niyâzi Mısry, who was the last Postnishin (the Chief Sheikh) of Bursa Misry Dervish Lodge, also the senior dervish of the Misriyye order, to which Shams Al-Din Mısry was also a member, will be introduced to the world of science by considering various aspects. Golzaar Misry is the first work in the triple series, which Shams Al-Din Efendi intended to write. In this context, Yadigar Shamsy, in which many aspects of Bursa Dervish Lodges are examined, takes the second place. The last link of this series is Bahaar-ı Shamsy, which included the biographies of famous people in Bursa belonging to different professional groups like scholars, sheikhs and calligraphists after 1846. Only Yadigar-ı Shamsy, which is one of the above-mentioned works, has been brought into publishing life, and only the names of the other two works in unique form are known, and have not yet been published. It is mostly possible to determine the full works of many authors who lived in the pre-Republican period based on the works written after them. One exception to this situation is Shams Al-Din Efendi. Because Shams Al-Din Efendi both documented his works himself, and gave first-hand information on their contents. In this context, uncommonly, he wrote a brief poem in each line stating the contents of the book and its name in each of his books. In this study, after providing informed on the life of Shams Al-Din Efendi, who is the author of Golzaar Misry, and his poetry and prose works as far as it can be reached, firstly, the sources of Golzaar Misry, which is the subject of the present study, its copies and type characteristics, and its importance for the Miseriyye culture will be dealt with.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39685</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 1[23-41]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/334</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[KATOLİK İNANÇ VE RİTÜELİNDE EXORCİSM: 1614 ve 1999 TARİHLİ RİTÜEL METİNLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[BATTLE AGAINST THE INVISIBLE: EXORCISM IN CATHOLIC FAITH AND RITUAL]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Musa Osman KARATOSUN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Katolik Kilisesi, Şeytan, Düşmüş Melekler, Exorcism, Aracılık]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Catholic Church, Satan, Fallen Angels, Exorcism, Intercession]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Görünmeyen varlıklara inanmak Katolik iman maddelerinden birisidir. Görünmeyen varlıklardan kasıt ise melekler ve Şeytandır. Kadim zamanlarda göksel bir savaşta tanrıya başkaldıran Şeytan ve onun safına katılan melekler savaşı kaybedince yeryüzüne sürülmüşlerdir. Bu sürgün sebebiyle Şeytan ve yardımcılarının insanlığa düşmanlığı had safhaya gelmiştir. Öyle ki Kutsal Kitapta Şeytanın bu hâli avını arayan bir aslan benzetmesiyle betimlenir. İnsanın zayıflayan imanının onu bu kötü güçlere açık hedef hâline getirdiğine inanılır. İşte, insanlara musallat olan varlıklar Şeytanın bizzat kendisi ve yardımcısı olan düşmüş meleklerdir. Cinlenme ise bu kötücül güçler tarafından ele geçirilme hâli olarak tanımlanır. Bizzat İsa Mesih tarafından pek çok defa insanlara veya mekânlara musallat olan cinler bir mucize olarak kovulmuştur. Bu güç İsa Mesih’ten havarilerine ve Kiliseye geçmiştir. Kilise de tarihi süreçte bu ayini günümüze kadar koruyarak devam ettirmiştir. Bu ayinde okunan dualar ilk defa 17 Haziran 1614 tarihinde Papa V. Paul tarafından ilan edilen Rituale Romanum isimli bir dua kitabında bir araya getirilmiştir. 1891 tarihinde ise Papa XIII. Leo tarafından bu ayine yeni dualar eklenmiştir. Son olarak 1999 tarihinde içerik ve şekil açısından bir takım değişikliklere uğrayarak bu ayin nihai şeklini almıştır. Bu çalışmada Exorcism (Şeytanı ya da cinleri kovma) ayininin eski ve yeni düzeni karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde incelenerek her iki düzende de okunan dualara örnekler verilmiştir. İlk defa Latinceden tercüme edilen bu dualar incelendiğinde, cin kovma ayininin esasında Hıristiyanlıktaki şefaat ve aracılık inanışı ile çok yakından ilgili olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Zira okunan duaların hemen hepsinde ilahi yardımı celp etmek için meleklerin, azizlerin, şehitlerin veya diğer kutsal kişilerin aracılığına başvurulmaktadır. Bundan da öte, tanrının insanlığa duyduğu ‘sevgi’ namına, kurtuluş tarihi boyunca yaptığı bütün ilahi müdahaleler hatırlatılarak; Baba, Oğul ve Kutsal Ruh adına tanrının suretinde yaratılan insana musallat olan kötücül güçler kovulur.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Believing in invisible beings is one of the articles in Catholic Credo. The invisible beings mean the angels and the Satan. Satan, who rebelled against God in an ancient celestial war, and the angels who joined his side were exiled to the earth after they lost the war. Because of this exile, the hostility of Satan and his associates to humanity has come to an extreme stage. In the Bible, this state of Satan is described by the analogy of a lion looking for prey. It is believed that man's weakened faith makes him an open target for these evil forces. Those who haunt human beings are the fallen angels and Satan himself. Possession is defined as the seizure of these evil forces. The demons that have been haunting people or places have been banished by Jesus Christ himself as a miracle many times. This power passed from Jesus Christ to his disciples and to the Church. The church has maintained this ritual in the historical process. The prayers recited in this ritual were first brought together in a prayer book called Rituale Romanum, declared by Pope Paul V on 17 June 1614. In 1891, new prayers have been added to this ritual by Pope Leo XIII. Finally, in 1999, it was subject to some changes in terms of content and form and this ritual took its final form. In this study, the old and new order of exorcism ritual is examined in a comparative manner and examples are given for prayers read in both rite. When these prayers, translated from Latin for the first time, are examined, it is revealed that exorcism ritual is very closely related to the intercession and mediation belief in Christianity. Because in almost all prayers recited, the angels, saints, martyrs or other holy persons are called to summon divine help. Moreover, on behalf of God's ‘love’ for all humanity, all divine interventions made during the history of salvation are recalled and in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, evil forces that possess the human being, who was created in the image of God, are casted out.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39559</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[663-681]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/335</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[MÛSULLU BİR MUHADDİS VE SAHÎH HADİS BULUNMAYAN KONULARA DAİR BİR ÇALIŞMASI: ÖMER B. BEDR el-MEVSILÎ ve el-MUĞNÎ ADLI ESERİ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A MUHADDITH FROM MOSUL AND HIS STUDY ON MEVZU HADITHS:  OMAR B. BEDR Al-MAVSILI AND HIS STUDY el-MUGNI]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nurullah AGİTOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hz. Peygamber, Mevzu hadis, Mevsılî, el-Muğni.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[The Prophet, Mevzû, Mawsılî, al-Muğnî.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Hz. Peygamber’e (sas) ait olmayan sözlerin onun ağzından uydurulması, yapmadığı veya onaylamadığı bir davranışın kendisine izafe edilmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan rivayetlere mevzû hadis denmektedir. Bir rivayetin mevzû olduğu bâtıl ve masnû kelimeleriyle de ifade edilmektedir. Mevzû hadisler muhaddisler tarafından çeşitli metotlarla bir araya getirilmiştir. İbnü’l-Kayserânî’nin Tezkiretü’l-mevzûât’ı, Cûzekanî’nin el-Ebâtîl ve’l-menâkîr ve’s-sıhâh ve’l-meşâhîr’i, Ebû’l-Ferec İbnü’l-Cevzî’nin el-Mevzûât’ı, Suyûtî’nin kaleme aldığı el-Leâli’l-masnûa fi’l-ehâdîsi’l-mevzûa’sı, İbn Arrâk’ın Tenzîhü’ş-şerîati’l-merfûa ani’l-ahbâriş-şenîati’l-mevzûa’sı vb. eserler bu alanda öne çıkan teliflerdir. Bu literatürde yazılmış önemli bir eser de el-Muğnî ani’l-hıfzi ve’l-kitâb adlı eserdir. Müellifinin tam adı Ebû Hafs Ziyâüddîn Ömer b. Bedr b. Saîd el-Mevsılî (ö. 622/1225) olup kendisi muhaddis ve Hanefî fakîhidir. 557/1162’de Mûsul’da doğan Mevsılî’nin lakabının Safiyyüddin, nisbelerinin de Verrânî, Hanefî olduğu belirtilmiştir.  Eğitimini Bağdat’ta sürdüren Mevsılî, Ebû’l-Ferec İbnü’l-Cevzî gibi âlimlerden yararlanmıştır. Halep, Dımaşk, Kudüs gibi ilim merkezlerinde hadis rivayet etmiş ve ömrü boyunca âlimlerden faydalanmayı sürdürmüş olan Mevsılî’den de birçok kimsenin rivayette bulunduğu ifade edilmiştir. Onun hadis ve diğer alanlarda başka eserleri bulunmaktadır.  Çalışmamızın konusu olan el-Muğnî adlı eserinde hadislerin sened ve metinlerini zikretmeden, hangi konularda sahih hadislerin bulunmadığı veya hangi konularda Hz. Peygamber’den (sas) rivayet gelmediğini belirtmiştir. Müellifin, öğrencilere ve hadisle iştigal etme şansı bulamamış meslek sahiplerine kısaca bilgi vermek ve onları hadise yönlendirmek için seçtiği bu metot bazı âlimler tarafından isabetsiz diye nitelendirilerek ciddi anlamda eleştirilmiştir.  Bu çalışmamızda Mevsılî’nin, özellikle mukaddime kısmında Muhammed Hıdır et-Tûnusî tarafından mevzû hadisler ile ilgili faydalı ve geniş malumat sunulan el-Muğnî adlı eseri çerçevesinde mevzû hadislere yaklaşımı, takip ettiği metot ve kendisine yöneltilen eleştiriler üzerinde durulacak ve gerekli görülen değerlendirmeler yapılmaya çalışılacaktır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The words that are not belonging to the Prophet are made up from his mouth and the result is called Mevzu Hadith. It is also expressed by the vagueness and masni words that a narrative is in place. The corresponding hadiths have been gathered by muhaddis with various methods. Ibn al-Kayserani's Tezkiretu'l-mevzuât, Cuzekanî's al-Ebâtîl ve'l-menâkîr ve's-sıhâh ve'l-meşahîr, Abu'l-Ferec Ibn al-Jawzi's al-Mevzûât, al-Leâli'l-masnûa fi'l-ehâdîsi'l-mevzûa, which Suyuti received, and Ibn Arrâk's Tenzîhü'ş-şerîati'l-merfûa ani'l-ahbāriş-şenîa, etc. artifacts are the outstanding copyrights on this scene. An important work written in this literature is al-Muğnî ani'l-hıfzi ve'l-kitâb. The full name of the author is Abu Hafs Ziyâüddîn Ömer b. Bedr b. Said al-Mawsili (d. 622/1225) and himself is the muhaddis and Hanafi clergyman. 557/1162 in Mosul was named Safiyyuddin of the name of the Mevsilî, Verrânî, Hanafi is stated. Mevsili, who continued his education in Baghdad, also benefited from scholars such as Abu'l-Ferec Ibn al-Jawzi. In the centers of science such as Aleppo, Damascus and Jerusalem, Hadith has been narrated and it is stated that there are many rivayades among Mevsilî who continued to benefit from scholars throughout his life. His hadith and other fields also have other works. In the work of al-Muğnî which is the subject of our study, we do not mention the texts of the hadiths and on which topics there are not any sahih hadiths or in which subjects He said that he did not come from the Prophet. This method, which the writer chose to give brief information to the students and professional owners who had no chance to engage in hadith, and to direct them, was seriously criticized by some scholars as being uneducated. In this work, we will focus on the approach to Mevzu Hadiths, the method followed by him, and the criticisms directed to him in the framework of al-Muğnî, which is a useful and extensive information on Hıdır et-Tûnusî, especially in his verses.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39523</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[577-589  ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/336</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İBN TEYMİYYE’NİN EHL-İ SÜNNET TASAVVURU]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ THE CONCEPT OF FOLLOWERS OF SUNNAH IN IBN TAYMIYYAH’S EL-AKIDEDU’L-VASITIYYE]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kadri ÖNEMLİ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İbni Teymiyye, Ehli Sünnet, Tevhid, İslam, Mezhep.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ibn Taymiyyah, Followers of Sunnah, Oneness (Tawhid), Islam, Sect.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[İslâm âleminde hayatı eserleri ve özellikle de verdiği fetvalarıyla tanınmış olan İbn Teymiyye, (ö. 728/1328) yaşadığı dönemden günümüze kadar, üzerinde tartışmaların yaşandığı ve farklı görüşlerinden dolayı birçok sıkıntıya maruz kalan bir şahsiyettir. Kuvvetli hafızası ve ilmî, ilim ehlini ve halktan kitleleri etkilemeye başarmıştır. O, inandığı değerler ve kabul ettiği mutlak doğruların uygulanması için toplumda Kur’an ve Hadise mugayir gördüğü şeylere müdahale eder ve düzeltmeye çalışırdı, bunun için yazmış olduğu el- Akîdetü’l-Vâsıtiyye adlı eserindeki itikadî görüşleri sebebiyle, âlimler arasında ciddi münakaşaların yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Allah’ın yaratıklarına duyulan sevgi ve saygıda ölçüyü kaçıranlar, peygamberlere ve sâlih kimselere saygıda ifrat edenler ve rab konumuna getirenler mülhid olmuşlardır diyerek, Peygamber’in ve onun getirmiş olduğu Kur’an’dan yüz çevirenler ahirette pişman olacaklardır diyerek, Ehli Sünnet inancı çerçevesinde, tenkitlerini sapık fırkalara, vahdeti vücud akımına, hulûl fikrinde olanlara, felsefecilere yoğunlaştırmış, bid’atlere, aşırılığa, hurafelere savaş açmıştır. Bid‘at ehlini İslam’ın özüne dönmeye davet etmiş, hayatını İslam’a, hizmete ve ilme adamış, ibadet ve amel-i salih yoluyla, ahlakî faziletleri elde ederek dünya-ahiret saadetini temin etmeyi amaçlamıştır.&#13;
Ehl-i hadis ekolüne mensup olan İbn Teymiyye, dönemindeki birçok kişi ve ekollere tenkitler yapmıştır. İlmi çalışmalarında tevhîd akidesini koruyarak, tevhîd inancına muhalif görüş beyan edenleri tekfir etmekten çekinmemiştir. O, İslâm dışı medeniyetleri tenkit ederken, yaşadığı çağın siyasî ve dinî hadiselerini dikkate alarak İslamî ilimlerde müçtehit seviyesine ulaşarak geride birçok eser bırakmıştır. Hemen her dalda görüş belirtmiş, İslam dünyasına çok değerli ve özgün düşünceler sunmuş, müçtehit, Ehlisünnet âlimi, velûd bir müellif ve dava adamıdır.&#13;
Çalışmamızda, İbn Teymiyye’nin Akidetü’l-Vasıtıyye’de yer alan iman konularını Ehl-i Sünnet tasavvuru ile ilgili görüşlerinin önemini, bununla ilgili ifade etmiş olduğu görüşlerini sistemli bir şekilde ele alarak, sözlerini bir arada değerlendirmekle fark edileceğinin kanaatindeyiz.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 728/1328), known for his life, works and fatwas, was a scholar who had been mostly criticized for his different opinions until today. With his strong mind and profound knowledge, he was able to influence masses in the society. In order to maintain the values he believed and perform the truth he acknowledged, he interfered in the things which he deemed as adverse to Quran and Hadith and tried to amend them. For this reason, he wrote the book entitled el-Akîdetü’l-Vâsıtiyye. But, for his views on faith, the book caused much controversy among Islamic scholars. In his book, Ibn Taymiyyah simply claimed that those who exaggerated the love and respect for the things Allah created and those who overdid the respect for the Prophet and Good People and accepted them as God would become infidels. He further argued that those who stood away the Prophet and his Book (Quran) would regret in the hereafter. Within the framework of the philosophy adopted by the Followers of Sunnah, he criticized pervert groups including unity of existence movement and those philosophers who believed in the unity of God and soul. He also pledged a war on new things that were unsuitable for Islam (Bid’at), extremism and superstitions. He invited those reformists to convert into the essence of Islam. Ibn Taymiyyah devoted all his life to the service of Islam, scholarly knowledge, worship, good deeds, and moral virtues. By doing so, he aimed for the happiness both in the world and hereafter.&#13;
Ibn Taymiyyah, who is a member of Hadith School, criticized many people that belonged to different schools in his time. By preserving the notion of oneness in his scholarly studies, he attacked those who presented his opinions which were opposed to the tawhid faith. He also criticised non-Islamic civilizations and published many books about political and religious issues in the era. Therefore, he became a true interpreter of Islamic law and Islamic studies. By extensively publishing on every field of Islamic studies, he presented many valuable and unique views on Islam and therefore was acknowledged as an interpreter, scholar, prolific writer and a man with a cause. In our study, we examine the views of Ibn Taymiyyah on faith in his book titled Akidetü’l-Vasıtıyye. We try to emphasize the importance of his concept of Followers of Sunnah by systematically analysing his words and opinions on these matters.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39437</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[727-740]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/337</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Mâtürîdî Kelâm Sisteminin Dini Tefekkür Dünyamıza Etkisi]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Effect Of The Mâturidi’s Kalam System On The Religious Contemplation World]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Lütfiye Gülay BİLGİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Mâtürîdî, Kelam Sistematiği, Dini Tefekkür, akıl, vahiy]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Maturidi, Kalam System, Religious Contemplation, Theory of reason, revelation]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[İmam Mâtürîdi pek çok dini, kültürel medeniyetlerin merkezi olan Mâverâünnehir bölgesinde bulunan Semerkant şehrinde dünyaya gelmiş ve yine o bölgede yaşamıştır. O’nun yaşadığı dönem İslam dünyası için oldukça hareketli değişim ve gelişmelerin olduğu bir zamana rastlar. Bu dönem aynı zamanda itikadî, felsefi ve siyasi olarak yoğun tartışmaların yaşandığı ve çok çeşitli din mensupları ile de karşılaşılan bir dönemdir. Bu durum sadece İslam içi tartışmalara değil dışardan da gelen itirazlara cevap verme gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. İşte tam da böyle bir dönemde Mâtüridî’nin varlığı daha da büyük önem kazanmıştır. Zira onun dini tefekkür dünyamıza olan katkısı sadece o dönem için geçerli olarak kalmamıştır. Oluşturduğu sistematik bu gün de canlılığını devam ettirmektedir. İmam Mâtürîdî kendinden önce var olan ilmi birikimi çok daha ileri bir noktaya taşıyarak yeni bir ilmi kelâm oluşturmuştur. Özellikle kullandığı yöntemlerden sayılabilecek olan aklî, naklî ve semantik değerlendirmeler kelam ilminin bir bilim olarak var olmasında oldukça önemlidir. Mâtürîdî kelamî problemlerde özellikle akla ve istidlale büyük önem vermiştir. Ayrıca kelamî görüşlerini ortaya koyduğu eserlerinde bilgi nazariyesi, ilahiyat, peygamberlik, ahiret, kaza ve kader, insanın yapıp ettikleri, iman ve büyük günah mevzularında aklî ve aynı zamanda naklî temellendirmeler yapar. Bu yönüyle Ehl-i Sünnet kelamının oluşumunda en etkin role sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Mâtüridî kelam sistematiğinin bilhassa akıl, vahiy ve bilgi kuramı çerçevesindeki etkisi ve dini düşünce dünyamıza olan katkısı da ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Imam Mâturîdi was born in the city of Samarkand in the region of Ma warâ’ al-nahr which is the center of many religious and cultural civilizations. The period that he had lived was a time of great changes and developments for the Islamic world. It is a period in which there were many debates about faith, philosophy and politics. In this period, the objections came not only from within the Islamic religion but from the outside, and it was necessary to deal with this. In such a period, the importance of the Maturidi was once again revealed. Because his contribution to our world of religious contemplation not only remained valid for that period. The system that he created continues to live until today. In addition, he refuted the denialist movements and prepared answers for them. Maturidi’s system of kalam is rational Imam Maturidi has created a new kalam dicipline by carrying the knowledge that existed before him to a much more advanced level. The intellectual, transplantation and semantic evaluations, which can be counted especially from the methods he uses, are very important in the existence of kalam as a science. He gave great importance specially to reason and deduction in the theoretical problems of kalam. In addition, in his works in which he expresses his theoretical views on kalam, he makes rational grounds in the fields of knowledge, theology, prophecy, hereafter, and destiny. In this respect, it has the most effective role in the formation of the word of Ahl al-Sunnah. In this article, while the methods and systematics of Maturidi will be emphasized, its contribution to our world of religious thought will be also put forward. In thia study, it will be tried to reveal the influence of Maturidi kalam systematics on the theory of reason and revelation.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39387</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 15 Issue 2[  147-156 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/338</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[KIYAMET, CENNET ve CEHENNEMDE GÖREVLİ MELEKLERDEN BAHSEDEN AYETLERİN MEAL, TEFSİRLERİNİN KURÂN MESAJI ve KURÂN YOLU TEFSİRLERİNDEN MUKAYESESİ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ APOCALYPSE OF THE QUR'AN AND THE INTERPRETATION OF THE QUR'AN AND THE INTERPRETATION OF THE QUR'AN IN THE QUR'AN]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mustafa KAYHAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kur’ân Yolu, Kur’ân Mesajı, Melek, Kıyamet, Cennet, Cehennem]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Qor’an Road, Qor’anic Message, Angel, Apocalypse, Heaven, Hell]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[İslam, insanlığın son dini, Kur’ân ise nihâî kutsal kitabıdır. Kıyamette olacaklara ve orada örevli meleklere bu kitapta değinilmiştir. Bu açıdan kıyamet, diriliş, hesap, terazi, mizan, cennet ve cehennemde vazifeli melekler Kur’ân’da anlatılmıştır. Kur’ân’ın gayb saydığı bu konular, bazı tefsirlerde çok farklı yorumlanmıştır.&#13;
Bu yüzyılda yazılan iki tefsirde çağın olumsuzluklarına temas edilmiştir. Müfessirler, Kur’ân’da meleklerle ilgili ayetleri açıklamıştır. Onlar, ayetlere dünya görüşlerine göre mana vermişlerdir. Bazen bu açıklamalarda ciddi paradokslara düşmüşlerdir. Meleklerin yaratılması ve işlevlerine dair açıklamalar, Kur’ân’ın ilgilendiği konular olmuştur.&#13;
Esed, asrın sorunlarını tanımış ve Kur’ân Mesajı adıyla bir tefsir yazmış ve birikimini orada dile getirmiştir. O, hem gelişmeleri ve değişmeleri hem de bozulmaları görmüştür. Tefsirinde asrının sorunların etkisinde kalmıştır. Müfesssir, varlıkların yaratılmasıyla ilgili ayetlere özellikle zaman ayırmıştır. Burada Kur’ân’ın yaratılışla ilgili ayetlerine yapılan tefsirler incelenmiştir. Böylece Kur’an’ın anlattığı yaratılış konularını, sistematik bir biçimde Esed’in tefsirinde izlenmesi sağlanmıştır. Böylece farklılık veya benzerlikler, gösterilmeye gayret edilmiştir.&#13;
Burada sadece kıyamet, cennet ve cehennemde görevli melekler araştırılmıştır. Bu ayetlerdeki bilgiler, Esed’in tefsirindeki açıklamalar bağlamında incelenmiştir. Zira o, ayetlere farklı mealler vermiş ve meleklere farklı açıklamalar yapmıştır. Bu yönüyle Esed’in eseri, etüt edilmemiştir. Aynı ayetlerin mealleri ve yorumları, Kur’ân Yolu tefsiri ile mukayese edilmiştir. Bazen Taberî tefsirine müracaat edilmiştir.&#13;
Kur’ân’da meleklerin, kıyamet, cehennem ve cennette çok ilginç işler yapacakları anlatılmıştır. Kur’ân’da meleklerle ilgili hakikatler, böylelikle anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Kur’ân Mesajı’nda ayetlere meal verilmesi ve meleklerin değişik bir perspektifle incelenmesi, önemsenmiştir. Burada farklı bir tevil çeşidi uygulanmıştır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Islam is the last religion of humanity and the Qur'an is the ultimate holy book. The apocalypse and the angels there are mentioned in this book. In this respect, apocalypse, resurrection, account, scales, trial balance, the angels in heaven and hell are described in the Qur'an. These issues, which the Qur'an considers unseen, have been interpreted very differently in some exegesis.&#13;
Two exegesis written in this century touched on the negativity of the age. The commentators explained the verses about the angels in the Qur'an. They implied verses according to their worldview. Sometimes these statements have fallen into serious paradoxes. The explanations of the creation and function of angels have been the subjects of the Qur'an.&#13;
Asad recognized the problems of the century and wrote a commentary called Quran Message and expressed his knowledge there. He has seen both developments and changes and deteriorations. The accountant has dedicated particular time to the verses related to the creation of beings. Here, the exegesis made to the verses of the Qur'an about creation are examined. In this way, it is ensured that the subjects of creation described by the Qur'an are followed systematically in Assad's commentary. Thus, differences or similarities have been tried to be shown.&#13;
Only angels in apocalypse, heaven and hell have been investigated here. The information in these verses has been examined in the context of the explanations in Assad's commentary. For he has given different verses to the verses and made different explanations to the angels. In this respect, Assad's work has not been studied. The meaning and interpretations of the same verses are compared with the exegesis of the Qur'an Road. Sometimes he applied to the Tabari exegesis.&#13;
In the Qur'an, angels are told that they will do very interesting things in apocalypse, hell and heaven. In this way, the truths about the angels are tried to be understood in the Qur'an. The verses in the Qur'an Message and the examination of angels from a different perspective were considered important. A different kind of modification is applied here.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=39301</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[683-712]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/339</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[El-‘UKBERÎ’NÎN ET-TİBYÂN FÎ Î‘RÂBİ’L-KUR’ÂN’INIDA KÛFE DİL EKOLÜNE YAPTIĞI İTİRAZLAR]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[EL-‘UKBERI’S OBJECTIONS AGAINST KUFE LANGUAGE CULT IN ET-TIBYAN FI IRABI’L-KURAN]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Hamit SALİHOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[el-‘Ukberî, Kûfeliler, İtiraz, Nahiv, Sarf.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[el-‘Ukberî, Those from Kufe, Opposition, Syntax, Grammar.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Hicri altıncı yüzyılın son yarısı ile yedinci yüzyılın başlarında yaşamış olan Ebûl-Bekâ el-‘Ukberi, Bağdat’ta dönemin seçkin âlimlerinden dil ve gramer derslerini almıştır. Kaynaklarda en-Nahvî el- Luğevî el-Faradî gibi lakaplarla anılan el’Ukberi, Arap dili ve grameri başta olmak üzere pek çok ilim dalında dönemin âlimleri tarafından asrının teki ve imamı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bütün hayatını ilme adamış ve çeşitli ilim dallarında eser telîf etmiş olan el-‘Ukberî, özellikle nahiv, sarf, lugat edebiyat ve i’râba dair pek çok değerli eserleri ortaya koymuştur.&#13;
el-‘Ukberi’ye en büyük şöhreti kazandıran eseri, i’râbu’l-Kur’ân’a dair kaleme almış olduğu et-Tibyân fî i’râbi’l-Kur’ân adlı tefsiridir. Onun bu eseri, dilciler ve müfessirler tarafından büyük bir ilgi görmüş ve kendisinden sonra i’râbu’l-Kur’ân’a dair eser yazmış olan bütün müellifler için temel kaynak olmuştur. Bu eserinde Kur’ân’ın bütün âyetlerini i’râb eden el-‘Ukberi, eserinin muhtelif yerlerinde dil ve gramerle ilgili birçok konuda dilcilere itiraz etmiştir. Onun bu itirazlarına Ebû ‘Ubeyde, el-Muberrid, el-Ferrâ, el-Kisâî, en-Nahhâs ve ez-Zamaşerî gibi dil ve gramerin önde gelen âlimleri maruz kaldığı gibi Basra ile Kûfe dil ekolleri de bu itirazlardan nasibini almıştır. Ancak bu itirazlardan en büyük payı ise, Kûfe dil ekolü almıştır.&#13;
Bu çalışmada el-‘Ukberi’nin hayatı ve eserleri hakkında kısa bilgiler verilmiştir. Onun et-Tibyân fî i’râbi’l-Kur’ân adlı eserinde Kûfe dil ekolüne yönelik nahiv ve sarf dair yaptığı itirazlar geniş bir şekilde ele alınıp tahlil edilmiştir. el-‘Ukberi’nin bu itirazlarına konu olan meseleler, ilgili kaynaklarda yer alan bilgiler ışığında detaylı bir şekilde ele alınıp tartışılmış ve onlar hakkında gerekli değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Onun bu meselelerle ilgili ortaya koyduğu görüş ve tercihler, Basralıların onlara dair görüş ve tercihleriyle büyük oranda örtüştüğü görülmüştür.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Ebü’l-Beka el-‘Ukberi who lived in the last half of the hijri sixth century and at the beginning of seventh century received the language and grammar lessons from the period’s distinguished scholars in Bagdad. el-‘Ukberi who is mentioned with cognomen such as en-Nahvi, el-Luğevi and el-Faradi in the sources was accepted as his century’s unique and imam one by the period’s scholars, related to many sciences especially such as Arabic language and grammar. el-‘Ukberi who devoted all his life to the science and wrote the work in the various sciences revealed several valuable works especially about the syntax, grammar, dictionary, literature and clean speech.&#13;
The work which gives the greatest reputation to el-‘Ukberi is his interpretation in the name of et-Tibyan fi i’rabi’l Kuran that he wrote it about i’rabu’l-Kuran. His work attracted attention by the linguists and glossators and it became the main resource for all the further authors who wrote a work about i’rabu’l-Kuran. el-’Ukberi who revealed all the verses of Quran in his work opposed to the linguists about many manners related to the language and grammar in his work’s various parts. Basra and Kufe language cults had their share from these oppositions as the pioneer scholars such as Ebû ‘Ubeyde, el-Muberred, el-Ferrâ, el-Kisâî, en-Nahhâs and ez-Zamaşerî were exposed to them. However, Kufe language cult had the greatest share from the oppositions.&#13;
In the study, the brief information was givej about el-‘Ukberi’s life and works. His oppositions against the syntax and grammar related to language cult in his work in the name of et-Tibyân fî i’râbi’l-Kur’ân were widely considered and reviewed. The issues which were subject to his oppositions were considered and discussed in details in the light of information in the relevant resources and the necessary evaluation was made about them. It was seen that his opinions and preferences related to these matters correspond highly to the opinions and preferences of those from Basra.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=37861</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[741-757]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/340</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[TÜRKİYE’DE İŞ KAZALARI VE KADER ANLAYIŞI ÜZERİNE TİPOLOJİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: İŞ KAZALARI VE KADER ÖLÇEĞİ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A TYPOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS AND PERCEPTION OF DESTINY IN TURKEY: SCALE OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS AND DESTINY]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Halil İbrahim AKKUŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kemaleddin TAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din Sosyolojisi, İş Kazaları, Kader, Tipoloji]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of Religion, Occupational Accidents, Fate, Typology.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[İş yerinde, çalışanların karşı karşıya kaldığı, yaralanma ve hatta ölümle sonuçlanabilen iş kazalarında Türkiye, dünya ve Avrupa sıralamasında önlerde yer almaktadır. İş kazalarının meydana gelmesinde birçok faktör etkili olmakla birlikte, gerekli tedbirleri alma ile risk almaya yönelik tutum ve davranışların arka planında birey ve toplumların inanç ve kabulleri önemli bir yer tutmaktadır.&#13;
Kader inancı ve kadercilik tartışmaları ilk çağlardan bu yana insanoğlunun gündeminde var ola gelmiştir. Kader konusunda hemen bütün inanç sistemlerinin birbirinden farklı ve zıt fikirleri aynı anda barındırdığı görülmektedir. Birey ve toplumların benimsediği kader anlayışı doğrultusunda tutum ve davranışlarının şekillendiği söylenebilir. Özellikle iş kazalarında, risk ve önlem almada bireylerin tutum ve davranışlarına etkisi bağlamında da kader anlayışı önemli bir yere sahiptir. Nitekim yapılan araştırmalarda yüksek düzeyde kadercilik anlayışının risk almayı arttırdığı ve önlem almayı azalttığı ortaya konmuştur.&#13;
Bu makalede iş kazaları ve kader anlayışı üzerine bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması yapılarak geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerine ilişkin bulgulara yer verilmiştir. İş kazaları ve kader ölçeği 18 maddeli, 3 faktörlü geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçektir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde iş kazaları ve kader anlayışına yönelik üç tip kader yönelimi ortaya konmuştur. Bunlar, “teslimiyetçi”, “tevekkülcü” ve “öz yeterlikçi” kader anlayışlarıdır.&#13;
Ortaya konan geçerli ve güvenilir bu ölçme aracının, iş kazalarına yönelik yapılacak araştırmalara kaynaklık edeceği ve alanında bir boşluğun doldurmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.&#13;
]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Turkey has located ahead of the world and European rankings at occupational accidents that workers faced in the workplace and could be resulted in injury and even death. Although many factors are effective in the occurrence of occupational accidents, the beliefs and acceptances of individuals and societies play an important role in the background of attitudes and behaviors towards taking risks and taking necessary precautions.&#13;
The faith of fate and destiny debates have been on the agenda of mankind since the early ages. It is seen that almost all belief systems contain different and opposite ideas at the same time on fate. It can be said that attitudes and behaviors are shaped in line with the understanding of destiny adopted by individuals and societies. Fate understanding has an important place in the context of its effect on individuals' attitudes and behaviors on risk and prevention especially in occupational accidents. As a matter of fact, researches have shown that high level of fatalism increases risk taking and reduces precautions.&#13;
In this article, a scale development study on occupational accidents and fate understanding is made and findings related to validity and reliability analysis are presented. “Occupational Accidents and Fate Scale" has a valid and reliable scale with 18 items and 3 factors. As a result of the analyzes, three types of fate orientations have been put forward for the understanding of occupational accidents and fate. These are fate mentalities of “Submissive”, “Resignation” and “Self Proficiency".&#13;
It is believed that this valid and reliable measurement tool will be the source of the researches about occupational accidents and will contribute to the filling of a gap in the field.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=37839</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[591-602]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/341</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ŞEYH MEHMED MUHYİDDİN ÜFTÂDE’NİN ŞATHİYYÂTA YAKLAŞIMI: YOĞUN TASAVVUFÎ TECRÜBELERİ İFADE ETME PROBLEMİNE KATKILARI]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[THE APPROACH OF SHEIKH MEHMED MUHYIDDIN UFTADA TO SHATHIYYA: HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF EXPRESSING INTENSE MYSTICAL EXPERIENCES]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[M. Mustafa ÇAKMAKLIOĞLU]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf, Tasavvufî Tecrübe, Nihaî/Zirve Tecrübeler, İfade Problemi, Şatahat, Üftâde.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sufizm, Sufistic Experience, Ultimate/Peak Experiences, The Problem of Expression, Shatahat, Uftada.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Tasavvuf terminolojsinde şatahât şeklinde özel bir ıstılahla karşılanan paradoksal ifadeler; “sekr” ve “fenâ” gibi nihâî tasavvufî tecrübelerin tezahürü olması sebebiyle herkesin kolayca anlayabileceği tarzda ifade edilemezler. Bu tür yoğun tasavvufî tecrübeler esnasında sûfî iç dünyasındaki mânevî taşkınlık sebebiyle bu paradoksal sözleri söyler. Bu sebeple bu sözler tasavvufi tecrübenin mahiyetine âşinâ olmayanlarca garip karşılanır ve şiddetli bir tenkide tabi tutulur. Aslında sufiler de farklı tecrübeleri ve bakış açıları sebebiyle şatahat hakkında ittifak halinde değildirler. Sahv ehli sufiler şatahâtı genellikle tasavvufi yolun henüz başında zuhur eden bir hal olarak görürler ve bu tür sözlere ihtiyatla yaklaşırlar. Sekr ehli sufiler ise bu tür sözleri mutlak tevhidin ve nihâî tasavvufî tecrübelerin tezâhürü olarak kabul ederler. Makalemizde, XVI. Yüzyıl dini-tasavvufi hayatında merkezi figürlerden olan Şeyh Mehmed Muhyiddin Üftade’nin (d. 988/1580), şatahat hakkındaki kanaatlerini değerlendirmeye çalışacağız. Dolayısıyla onun yoğun tasavvufî tecrübeleri ifade etme problemine katkılarını ele almaya çalışacağız. Tıpkı diğer sufilerde olduğu gibi Üftade’nin bu husustaki kanaati hakkında net bir şey söyleyebilmek için farklı açılardan değerlendirmelere ihtiyaç vardır. Zira Üftade bizatihi yoğun tasavvufî tecrübeler yaşamakla beraber şer’î sınırları muhafaza hususunda hassas ve bu yönüyle de sürekli temkin dilini kullanan bir şahsiyettir. Şeyh Üftâde’nin Vâkıât isimli eserindeki ifadeleri bu bağlamda önemlidir. Çünkü bu eser, Üftade’nin müridi olan ve intisap ettiği tarihten itibaren üç yıl süren seyr u sülûku boyunca mürşidi Üftâde’nin sözlerini Arapça olarak kaydeden Aziz Mahmud Hudâyî (d. 1038/1628) tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Bu sebeple bu makalemizi söz konusu bu eser ekseninde kaleme almış olduk.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Paradoxical expressions which are conceptualized with a special term in the form of “shatahât” in sufi terminology cannot be expressed in a manner that everyone can easily agree due to the fact that it is a manifestation of the ultimate mystic experiences such as “spiritual intoxication” (sakr) and “annihilation” (fana). During such intense mystical experiences, sufi says these paradoxical words because of the spiritual exuberance in his inner world. For this reason, these words are considered strange by those unfamiliar with the nature of sufistic experience and are subjected to a severe criticism by them. In fact, the sufis are not in consensus about “shatahât” because of their different experiences and perspectives. Sufis who living in “awakening state” (sahv) see “shatahat” as a state that appears just at the beginning of the sufi path and they approach such statements with caution. On the other hand, sufis who living in “spiritual intoxication” (sakr) accept such words as manifestations of absolute “oneness” (tawhid) and ultimate mystical experiences. In this article, we will try to evaluate the views of Sheikh Mehmed Muhyiddin Uftada (d. 988/1580), who one of the central figures in XVI. century Ottoman religious-sufistic life, about “shatahat”. Therefore, we will try to address his contributions to the problem of expressing intense mystical experiences. Just like the other Sufis, different points of view are needed to make a clear statement about Uftada's opinion on this subject. Because, as well as having intense sufistic experiences, Uftada is a very sensitive person in terms of preserving Sharia boundaries and therefore he uses constantly a cautious language in this respect. The statements of Sheikh Uftâda in his work entitled Wakıât are important in this regard. Because the work was formed by disciple of Uftada, Aziz Mahmud Hudâyî (d. 1038/1628), who recorded the words of his master in Arabic during his three-year sufistic training under the supervision of his master Uftâda. Therefore, we have written this article on the axis of this work.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=37380</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[603-619 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/342</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[HADİS TENKİDİ VE TAYYİB OKİÇ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[HADITH CRITIC AND TAYYIB OKIC]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ali KARAKAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadis, Tenkid, İsnâd, Metin, Tayyib Okiç.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hadith, Criticism, Isnad, Text, Tayyib Okic.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[1902 yılında Bosna’da doğan Muhammed Tayyib Okiç, ilköğrenimini 1913, orta öğrenimini 1916 tarihinde tamamlamıştır. 1920 yılında Okruzna Medresesinden, 1925 yılında İslâm Hukuku ve İlahiyât mektebinden mezun olmuştur. Pek çok dil bilen Okiç, 1945 yılında Türkiye’ye iltica etmiştir. Çeşitli üniversitelerde ders vermiş, çok sayıda talebe yetiştirmiş, çeşitli eserler yazmış ve 1977 yılında vefat ederek Saraybosna’da defnedilmiştir. Kritik kelimesi, eleştirmek, tenkit etmek, kusurlu görmek ve benzeri anlamlar için kullanılmaktadır. Hadis ilminde, kritik kelimesinin karşılığı tenkittir. Tenkid kelimesi, herhangi bir şeyin iyisini kötüsünden ayırmak, ayıklamak için gözden geçirmek ve bir şeyin kusurunu tespit etmek için kullanılan bir isimdir. Hadis usulüne göre tenkid ise, herhangi bir hadisin sıhhat derecesini tespit etmek için senet ve metnini incelemeye tabi tutmaktır. Yani sahih hadisleri zayıf hadislerden ayırmak, ravilerin güvenilir veya güvenilmez oldukları kanaatine varmaktır. Bir hadisin senedi yoksa onun hadis olma ihtimalini araştırmaya gerek görülmemiştir. Bir hadisin senedi zayıf veya mevzu ise, o hadisin metni sahih olsa bile, sağlam olarak kabul edilmez. Bununla beraber sadece senedin sıhhatini ölçü alıp metni de buna dayanarak sahih kabul etmek doğru değildir. Çünkü senedin sahihliği, her zaman metnin sahihliğini gerektirmez. Hadis hem sened hem de metin açısından hadis kriterlerine uygunsa, o hadis sahih kabul edilir. Şayet hadisin metni hadis kriterlerine uygun değilse, o hadisin isnadı sahih olsa bile, zayıf kabul edilir ve delil olarak kullanılmaz. Okiç, hadis tenkidinin, hadis uydurma faaliyetlerine karşı gerekli bir tedbir olduğunu ileri sürerek, hadis kritiğinin gerekliliğini şöyle dile getirmiştir: “Hadislerin gerek itikadata gerekse muamelata taalluk etmelerinden dolayı bunların, yalnız sahihlerini seçebilmek maksadı ile ince tenkid usullerine başvurmak İslâmiyet’in genel menfaatleri hesabına son derece lüzumlu görülmüştür.” Ayrıca Okiç’e göre hadis kritiğinin başlangıcı, çok eskilere dayanmaktadır. Onun öne sürdüğüne göre, hadis tenkit disiplininin, şifahi dahi olsa sahabe döneminden başladığına dair pek çok bilgi vardır. Örneğin Hz. Ali hadis nakledenlerden, rivayetlerinde doğru söylediklerine dair yemin etmelerini istemiştir. Buna göre sahabiler, ilk hadis münekkitleri olarak kabul edilebilir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Tayyib Okiç born in 1902 in Bosnia, graduated his primary education in 1913 and his secondary education in 1916. He graduated from Okruzna Madrasa in 1920 and Islamic Law and Theology School in 1925. Okic, who speaks many languages, In 1945, he took refuge in Turkey. He lectured at various universities, trained many students, wrote various works and died in 1977 and was buried in Sarajevo. The word critical is used to see imperfect, criticize and so on. The word critical is mean criticize in the hadith science. The word criticism is a name used to distinguish the good from the bad, to review it for weeding, and to detect the flaw of something. The criticism according to the hadith method is to examine the ravi chain and text to determine the degree of accuracy of any hadith. In other words, to distinguish reliable hadiths from weak hadiths is to conclude that narratives are reliable or unreliable. If a hadith does not have a ravi chain, it is not necessary to investigate. If the ravi chain of a hadith is weak or relevant, even if the text of the hadith is reliable, it is not considered sound. However, it is not correct to take only the accuracy of the ravi chain and accept the text as reliable. Because the accuracy of the ravi chain does not always require the accuracy of the text. If the hadith meets the hadith criteria both in terms of ravi chain and text, that hadith is considered true. If the text of the hadith does not meet the criteria of the hadith, even if the hadiths actuality is authentic, it is considered weak and is not used as evidence. Okic argued that the criticism of hadith was a necessary precaution against the fabrication of hadiths and he said: “Because of the fact that the hadiths undertake both the rituals and transactions, it has been seen that it is extremely necessary to apply to the methods of fine criticism in order to select only the sahihs, in the account of the general interests of Islam.” Moreover, according to Okiç, the beginning of the hadith critique dates back to ancient times. According to him, there is a lot of information that the discipline of criticism of the hadith started even during the companions. For example, Holy Ali asked to them the hadiths to swear that they were telling the truth in their narrations. Accordingly, the Companions can be considered as the first hadith narratives.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=37333</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 4[643-661 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/343</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dilinde Mananın Sentaktik Etkisi Üzerine]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[On the Synthactic Effect of Meaning in Arabic Language]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Rıfat AKBAŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arap Dili, Dil Kuralları, Nahiv İlmi, Mana ve Nahiv, Nahiv ve Mantık, Mananın Etkisi.  ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Arabic Language, Language Rules, Nahiv (Syntax) Science, Meaning and Nahiv (Syntax), Nahiv (Syntax) and Logic, Effect of Meaning.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Arap dilinin kurallara bağlanılmasındaki en önemli etkenin bazen inanç esaslarını zedeleyecek düzeyde yapılan yanlış telaffuzlar olduğu söylenebilir. Zira Arapça bir irâb dilidir ve irâbın da doğrudan manayla sıkı bir irtibatının olduğu düşünülürse yanlış telaffuzlar neticesinde özellikle dini metinlerin yanlış öğrenilme ve öğretilme tehlikesi kaçınılmaz olacaktır. Bu açıdan herhangi bir cümlenin doğru anlaşılması öncelikle o cümlenin doğru telaffuz edilmesine bağlıdır. Bu da Arap dilinde telaffuzun ne denli önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır ki nahiv, sarf ve belagat gibi bilim dallarının zemini de bu sayede oluşmuştur.&#13;
Arapçada telaffuzu şekillendiren en önemli etken ise manadır.  Çünkü birey muhatabına neyi söylemeyi amaçlıyorsa o doğrultuda sözcükler ve ifadeler kullanır. Ayrıca kullanılan sözcükler ve ifadelerin bazen dil kurallarına aykırılık göstermesi durumunda aynı sözcük ve ifadeler üzerinde yorum yapıp zahiren var olan bu sorunu çözme çabaları da yine mana odaklıdır. Bu yüzden Arap gramerinde geleneksel dil kurallarının dışına çıkıldığı görülen yerlerde “mutlaka mana etkeni göz önünde bulundurulmuştur” diyen dilci ve gramercilerin sayısı çok fazladır.&#13;
Aslında mana etkeninden hareketle bir sözcük veya bir ifadenin dil kuralları perspektifinde tekrardan değerlendirilmesi meselesi ilk dönem gramer eserlerinde olduğu gibi daha sonraları kaleme alınan birçok eserde de dağınık bir şekilde yer alır. Ayrıca bu, genelde belli bir gramer konusunun işlendiği esnada ya da bir gramer kuralının delillendirilmesinde başvurulan istişhâdlarda ortaya atılan bir takım sorulara cevap verme şeklinde görülmektedir. &#13;
Bu bağlamda makale, bir taraftan mana etkeninin bir sözcük veya ifadenin dil kuralları bağlamında yeniden değerlendirilmesi hususundaki rolünü ele almakta diğer taraftan bu etki doğrultusunda esnetilebilen bazı dil kurallarının her sözcük ve ibarede geçerli olmayıp bunun duyuma (السماع) bağlı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Makale, mananın Arap gramerinde kullanılan bir takım kavram ve edâtların oluşumunda nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğuna ayrıca dikkat çekmektedir.&#13;
]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[It can be said that the most important factor in the adherence of the Arabic language to the rules is sometimes incorrect pronunciations that may damage the principles of belief. Because Arabic is a language of explicating, and if it is thought that there is a close connection with explicating directly, the danger of wrong learning and teaching of religious texts will be inevitable as a result of wrong pronunciations. In this respect, the correct understanding of any sentence depends primarily on the correct pronunciation of that sentence. This reveals the importance of pronunciation in the Arabic language that the basis of science such as syntax (nahiv), grammar and rhetoric has been formed in this way.&#13;
The meaning is the most important factor shaping pronunciation in Arabic Language. Because the individual uses words and expressions in line with what he intends to tell his addressee. In addition, if the words and expressions used sometimes contradict the rules of language, the efforts to comment on the same words and expressions and solve these problems are also meaning-oriented. Therefore, the number of linguists and grammarians who say “the factor of meaning has been taken into consideration necessarily” is very high in the places where it is seen that the traditional grammar of Arabic grammar goes beyond the rules of language.&#13;
In fact, the question of reevaluating a word or an expression from the perspective of language rules, starting from the meaning factor, takes place immethodically in many later works as well as in the early grammar works. In addition, this is often seen in the form of answering a number of questions posed during the processing of a particular grammatical subject or in the methods (Istishâd) used to prove a grammatical rule.&#13;
In this context, the article examines the effect of the meaning factor on the reassessment of a word or phrase in the context of language rules, and on the other hand reveals that some language rules that can be stretched in accordance with this factor do not apply to all words and expressions, but that this depends on the sense perception (السماع). On the other hand, the article draws attention to the effect of the meaning factor on the formation of the concepts used frequently in Arabic grammar.&#13;
&#13;
]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=36870</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 3[415-439]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/344</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Peygamberlerin İsmet Sıfatı ve Allah Merkezli Anlatımının Düşündürdükleri]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Adjective Ismet of Prophets and the Thoughts God-Based Narration]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ekrem BAYAT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İsmet, Masum, Günah İsleme, İrade, Tebliğ, Beşeriyet, Mucize, unutma]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;İsmet sıfatı, peygamberlerin, Allah tarafından, k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml;l&amp;uuml;k yapma, g&amp;uuml;nah işleme ve yalan s&amp;ouml;yleme hususunda korunduğunu ifade eder. Bu sıfat, peygamberler i&amp;ccedil;in zaruri ve gerekli bir şeydir. Eğer peygamberler g&amp;uuml;nah işleselerdi, Allah onlara uymayı emretmezdi. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; Allah kullarına g&amp;uuml;nah işlemeyi emretmez. Allah peygamberleri &amp;ouml;rnek alıp onlara uyulmasını emrettiğine g&amp;ouml;re peygamberlerin her t&amp;uuml;rl&amp;uuml; g&amp;uuml;nahtan uzak bulunmaları aklın ve dinin bir gereğidir. Şayet peygamberlerin g&amp;uuml;nah işlemeleri caiz olsaydı, o takdirde &amp;uuml;mmet i&amp;ccedil;inde g&amp;uuml;nah işlemek meşru ve mubah olurdu. Allah, melek vasıtasıyla peygamberlerine g&amp;ouml;nderdiği vahyi de şeytanın m&amp;uuml;dahalesinden korumuştur. Dolayısıyla İslam dini masumdur, hata ve tahriften korunmuştur. Onu tebliğ eden Hz. Peygamber de masumdur. Kur&amp;rsquo;an ayetleri dikkatle incelendiğinde Allah merkezli bir anlatıma sahip olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lecektir. Yeni bir nizam ve ilahi yapının toplumda istenilen hedefe ulaşmasını murat eden Allah, vahyin indiği toplumun sosyo ekonomik ve politik durumunu dikkate alması da beklenilen bir durumdur. Bu nedenle &amp;Acirc;dem(as)den itibaren vahyin indiği her d&amp;ouml;nemde peygamberi ve ona indirileni ispat ve teyit niteliğinde olan mucizelerde indikleri d&amp;ouml;nem ve şartlarına uygun olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lecektir. Bu anlamda paganizm k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;r ve inancının etkin olduğu Mekke toplumunun İlah anlayışına doğrudan m&amp;uuml;dahale etmek i&amp;ccedil;in Kur&amp;rsquo;an&amp;rsquo;ın &amp;ouml;zellikle Allah merkezli bir dil kullandığı dikkatlerden ka&amp;ccedil;mayacaktır. &amp;Ccedil;&amp;uuml;nk&amp;uuml; bu toplumun ilah anlayışında g&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;, tek bir ilah etrafında değil ona ortak koştukları değersiz varlıklar arasında paylaştırılmıştı. Buna karşılık olarak Kur&amp;rsquo;an, Allah merkezli bir anlatımla g&amp;uuml;c&amp;uuml; tek olan Allah&amp;rsquo;a vermekle kalmamış, her şeyin mutlak sahibinin Allah olduğunu, k&amp;acirc;inatta olup biten her şeyin onun irade ve dilemesi ile olduğu anlayışını da vermiştir.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p&gt;The mudifying adjective attributed to prophets denotes their innocence and inviolability againts vices, sins and falsehood. This attribute is considered to be an essential and indispensible one. If prophets ever committed sins, Allah would not ordain submission and obedience to them. It is a reasonable and religious matter of course that prophets should be free from vices since the faithful are ordered by the divine decree to take the prophets an example and obey their counsels. If prophets are even allowed to commit sins, then it would be lawful for their followers to do the same. On the other hand, the message of Allah revealed to the servants are also protected from the intervention of Satan and accordingly the religion of Islam, being innocent and inviolable, is also protected from any corruption and distortion. When the verses of the Qur'an are examined carefully, it will be seen that they have a God-based narrative. Aiming for a new order and divine structure in the society God will take into account the socio-economic and political situation of the society in which the inspired society. Therefore, every period of revelation since Adam (as), the miracles that prove and confirm the prophet and revelation are in accordance with the conditions of the period. İn this respect the Qur'an uses God-based language to directly intervene in the divine understanding of the Mecca society where paganism is active. Because in this understanding of the deity of society, power is not collected in one deity, on the contrary, power is divided between worthless assets. In contrast, the Qur'an gives God the only power in a God-based narrative, accordingly, Allah is the Mighty Owner of all things, everything that happens in the universe happens with his will.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=32667</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 3[451-463]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/345</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Seyyid Muhammed Nakib Attas’a Göre Bir Bilim ve Mektep Olarak Tasavvuf]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Sûfism as Science and School in Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Selami ERDOĞAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Seyyid Muhammed Nakib Attas, Sûfîzm, Tarikatlar, Malay Takımadaları, Varlık]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, Sûfîsm, Sûfî Orders, Eastern Peninsuala, Existance. ]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Günümüzde sathi okumalara, münferit gözlemlere ve ilmî bağlamından koparılmış tanımlamalara dayanan tasavvuf anlayışı yaygındır. Bu anlayış post-modern çağ Müslümanlarının sadece sosyo-kültürel hayatına değil, fikrî yaşantılarına ve bilim felsefelerine de etki etmektedir. Hem modern Müslüman toplumların fikrî problemlerine hem de bu problemlerin Batı dünya görüşü felsefi kökenlerine dair mühim analizler yapan Nakib Attas, bir tasavvuf tanımı yapmış ve onu söz konusu sathi okumalarla mukayese etmiştir. Bu karşılaştırmalı analiz, Yunan Felsefesindeki karşılıklarından itibaren Batı Düşüncesini, naslardaki köklerinden itibaren İslâm Düşüncesini kapsarken; ‘tasavvufun Hinduizm’den intihal olduğu’ gibi sathi kanaatlerin ilmî bakımdan itibarını ortaya koyar. Bu makalede Nakib Attas’ın bilim ve mektep olarak tasavvuf telakkisi, post-modern okumalarla mukayeseli tanımlandı. Genel olarak şunu söyleyebiliriz ki, Attas’ın gerek tasavvuf düşüncesi gerekse onun mektebi olan tarikatlar ile ilgili çalışmaları, İslâm Düşüncesini anlama kaygısını resmeder. Bu manada tasavvuf, İslâm Düşüncesindeki tevhid akidesi çerçevesinde Allah-kâinat ve Allah-kul ikiliğini ortadan kaldıran bir cevap açısından incelenmiştir. Bu probleme üretilen evrensel ve tutarlı cevap, bir varlık felsefesi ortaya koyar. Tarikatların edep ve erkânını biçimlendirmiş bu felsefe, İslâm Dünya görüşüne ait eğitim felsefesine de model olabilecek bir yapıdadır. Tasavvuf ve tarikatlar söz konusu ilmî ve şer’î kökeninden koparılarak okunduğu zaman, din dışı tanımlamalar ya da oluşumlar görülür.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Conceptualization of sufism which is based on superficial readings, personal observations and unscientific definitions is recently widespread. This effected not only in socio-cultural life of post-modern Muslims but their intellectual life and philosophy of science also. Naquib al-Attas, making important analyses about intellectual problems of modern Muslim societies and roots of these problems in Western worldview, defined sufism and compared it with such superficial readings. This comparative analyse composes both Western Thought from the its roots of Hellenistic Philosophy and Islamic Thought from its roots in the texts (nusus); and puts forth scientific respectability of these superficial opinions such as ‘sufism is imitation of Hinduism.’ In this article, ‘sufism as science and school in Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas’ was conceptualized comparing with post-modern readings. We can conclude that in works of al-Attas regarding sufism as both science and school (sufi orders) are portrait of focusing to see general picture of Islamic Thought. In this sense sufism was analysed to solve duality problem of God-universe and God-servant according to creed of tawhid (monoteism) in Islamic Thought. This philosophy, forming etiquettes and principles of sufi-brotherhoods, puts a structure which can be taken as model for educational philosophy of Islamic worldview. When sufism or sufi-brotherhoods (sing. tariqah) are read out of this scientific root and Islamic law, we observe non-Islamic definitions or institutions. ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=32138</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 3[465-483]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Aile, Boşanma ve Din]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Family, Divorce, and Religion]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ejder OKUMUŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Aile, boşanma, din, İslam, dinî meşrûlaştırım]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Divorce, religion, Islam, religious legitimation]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[En temel toplumsal kurum olan aile, insanın varlık kazanmasının zorunlu bir boyutunu teşkil eder. Boşanma ise, bütün toplumlar için aile hayatını, kültürü, toplumsal düzeni ve huzuru, toplumun geleceği olan çocukları ve gençleri doğrudan etkileyen bir toplumsal durumu ifade eder. Temel toplumsal kurumlardan din, toplum olmanın, toplumsal hayatın en güçlü, en belirleyici, en karmaşık boyutlarından birini oluşturur. Toplumsal bir olgu olarak din, toplumsal hayatın birçok boyutunda etkili olmaktadır. Bu çerçevede dinin, günümüz toplumlarının en büyük imtihanlarından biri olan boşanma ile ilgili boyutlarının araştırılması büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Boşanmaya giden süreçte, boşanmanın vuku bulmasında, boşanmanın engellenmesinde veya gerçekleşmemesinde, bütün bu durumlarda eşlerin birbirleriyle ilişkilerinde din algısının, mensubu olunan dinin emir ve yasaklarının, toplumun boşanmaya dinî yaklaşımının etkisi ve/veya etkisizliğini anlamak, boşanmaya dair birçok problemin anlaşılmasına ve çözümüne yardımcı olacaktır. Problemin anlaşılması ve çözümüne dair bazı noktalara erişilebilmesi, konuyla ilgili araştırma yapmanın önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada boşanmanın dinî boyutu sosyolojik bakış açısıyla ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, boşanma sürecinde, boşanmanın gerçekleşmesinde veya gerçekleşmemesinde ve boşanan ve boşanmayan kişilerin boşanmaya yaklaşımlarında ve birbirleriyle ilişkilerinde ve çevreyle münasebetlerinde dinin etkisini anlamaktır.      &#13;
Anahtar kelimeler: En temel toplumsal kurum olan aile, insanın varlık kazanmasının zorunlu bir boyutunu teşkil eder. Boşanma ise, bütün toplumlar için aile hayatını, kültürü, toplumsal düzeni ve huzuru, toplumun geleceği olan çocukları ve gençleri doğrudan etkileyen bir toplumsal durumu ifade eder. Temel toplumsal kurumlardan din, toplum olmanın, toplumsal hayatın en güçlü, en belirleyici, en karmaşık boyutlarından birini oluşturur. Toplumsal bir olgu olarak din, toplumsal hayatın birçok boyutunda etkili olmaktadır. Bu çerçevede dinin, günümüz toplumlarının en büyük imtihanlarından biri olan boşanma ile ilgili boyutlarının araştırılması büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Boşanmaya giden süreçte, boşanmanın vuku bulmasında, boşanmanın engellenmesinde veya gerçekleşmemesinde, bütün bu durumlarda eşlerin birbirleriyle ilişkilerinde din algısının, mensubu olunan dinin emir ve yasaklarının, toplumun boşanmaya dinî yaklaşımının etkisi ve/veya etkisizliğini anlamak, boşanmaya dair birçok problemin anlaşılmasına ve çözümüne yardımcı olacaktır. Problemin anlaşılması ve çözümüne dair bazı noktalara erişilebilmesi, konuyla ilgili araştırma yapmanın önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada boşanmanın dinî boyutu sosyolojik bakış açısıyla ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, boşanma sürecinde, boşanmanın gerçekleşmesinde veya gerçekleşmemesinde ve boşanan ve boşanmayan kişilerin boşanmaya yaklaşımlarında ve birbirleriyle ilişkilerinde ve çevreyle münasebetlerinde dinin etkisini anlamaktır.      &#13;
&#13;
]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Family, the most basic social institution, constitutes a compulsory dimension of human existence. For all societies, divorce refers to a social situation that directly affects family life, culture, social order and peace, children and young people who are the future of society. Religion, which is a basic social institution, is one of the strongest, most decisive, and most complex aspects of social life. Religion as a social phenomenon is influential in many aspects of social life. In this framework, to investigate the dimensions of religion related to divorce, one of the greatest exams of contemporary societies is of great importance. On the process of divorce, the event of divorce, the absence or in the absence of divorce, and on the relation of the spouses to each other in all these situations, understanding the influence and/or ineffectiveness of the religious perception, the orders and prohibitions of the connected religion, and the approach of society to divorce will help to understand and resolve many divorce problems. Access to some points about understanding and solving the problem reveals the importance of doing research on the subject. In this study, the religious dimension of divorce is discussed from a sociological perspective. The aim of the study is to understand the effect of religion in divorce process, in the realization of non-divorce, and in divorced and non-divorced people's approach to divorce, in their relations with each other and their relations with the social environment.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=30297</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 3[521-535]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/347</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Dindarlık Tipolojileri Bağlamında Üniversite Gençliğinin Dindarlık Algıları]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Religiosity Perceptions of University Youngs in The Context of Religiosity Typologies]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Şemsettin KIRIŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Serkan DİLEK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Ülkemizde genellikle Batı’da üretilen dindarlık ölçekleri kullanılmaktadır. Ancak son zamanlarda dindarlık ölçekleri ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda tercüme ölçeklerden, özgün ölçeklere doğru bir gelişimin bulunduğu kanaatindeyiz. Geliştirdiğimiz dindarlık ölçeğinde modern dindarlık dinamikleri dikkate alınmıştır. Son yıllarda seküler dindarlık tipolojisinde bir artış görülmektedir. Günümüzde inanç bakımından dinden kopmadığı halde dinden bağımsız davranmanın da yaygınlaşma eğiliminde olduğu inkâr edilemez. Deizm tartışmaları da bununla alakalıdır. Trendi yükselen dindarlık tipolojisi seküler dindarlık olarak görünmektedir. Seküler dindarlık dinin toplumun içinde sembolik bir aidiyet olarak kalması, sosyal hayata, giyim kuşama, turizme ve ekonomiye müdahale etmemesi talepleriyle tezahür edebilmektedir. Hazırladığımız ölçekte bu talepler dikkate alınmıştır.&#13;
Bu çalışmamızda geliştirdiğimiz bir anketi dindarlık algılarındaki değişimlerin daha sıcak yaşandığı iki grup öğrenci üzerinde uyguladık. Anketimizi uygulayacağımız öğrenci gruplarını “ilahiyat” ve “ekonomi” eğitimi almakta olan öğrenciler belirledik. Bu yaklaşımımızın sebebi şudur: İlahiyat fakülteleri modern dünyaya entegre yüksek din eğitimi yapan kurumlardır. Lisans eğitiminin kampüs dışında bir mekanda değil, kampüs içinde yapıldığı bir İlahiyat Fakültesini özellikle seçtik. İkinci öğrenci grubunun ekonomi eğitimi almakta olan öğrenciler arasından seçilmesi modern dünyada din algısının yaşadığı ve evrildiği dönüşümleri daha kolay yansıtacağı yolundaki hipotezimizden kaynaklanmaktadır. &#13;
Kampüs, sekülerliğin açık egemenliğinin hissedildiği bir sosyal ortam ve yaşam alanıdır. Kampüs ortamında giderek güçlenen ve kurumsal destek gören, seküler dindarlıktır. Modern dünyada dindarlık insanlar için sorun olmaya devam edecektir. Dindarlığın en büyük meselesi toplumsal alanda gerçekleşememektir. &#13;
Modernizmin baskısı altında geleneksel dindarlık temsil sorunu yaşamaktadır. Geldiğimiz noktada geleneksel dindarlığa rol ve görev yükleme, kamusal ve sosyal alanda inisiyatifi elinde bulundurma yetkisi seküler dindarlıkta görünmektedir. Modern dünyada dindarlığın sürdürülebilirliği sorun olmaya devam edecektir. &#13;
]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Religiosity scales which are developed in West are generally used in Turkey. However, we think that original religiosity scales are started to be used instead of translated scales in researches nowadays. We developed religiosity scale which cares about modern dynamics of society. It is seen that there is an increase in secular religiosity typology. It can’t be denied that behaving independent from religion without leaving religion is increasing today. Arguments about deism are just about this trend. Religiosity typology whose trend is being increasing is seen as secular religiosity. Secular religiosity is appeared as the demands of religion to occupy symbolic place in daily life and not to intervene social life, clothing, tourism and economy. These demands are taken account in scales we developed. &#13;
We conducted a survey on two student groups in which changes in religiosity perceptions are clearly observed in our research. We determined our groups as students which are educated in economics and administrative sciences faculty and students which are educated in theology faculty. This is just for one main reason. Theology faculties are faculties which teach religion integrated to modern world. We consciously selected theology faculty which gives bachelorship education in inside of campus but does not give education at outside of campus. We selected students which are educated in economics and administrative sciences faculty because it is accepted that these students can successfully reflect the changes in religion perception of modern world. &#13;
Campus is a common social environment and life area in which dominancy of secularity can be felt clearly. In campus environment, secular religiosity is increasingly becoming stronger and having institutional support. Religiosity will continue to be problem for people in modern life. The most important problem of religiosity is not to be realized in social environment.&#13;
Traditional religiosity is living representation problem due to modernism pressure. At this point, it seems that having authority to give role and mission to traditional religiosity and having initiative on public and social environment is on secular religiosity. Continuity of Religiosity will continue to be problem for people in modern world.  &#13;
]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=24819</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 3[497-519]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/348</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İslâm Dünyasının Akışını Değiştiren Olaylardan: Hz. Hüseyin (r.a.) ve Kerbelâ Örneği]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ The events that changed the flow of the Islamic world: Hz. Hüseyin (r.a.) and the Case of Karbala]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kadri ÖNEMLİ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kerbelâ, İslâm, Hz. Hüseyin, Ehl-i Beyt, Birlik ve Beraberlik.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Karbala, Islam, the Prophet. Hussein, the Ahl al-Bayt, Unity and Solidarity]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Muâviye’nin, oğlu Yezîd’e biat edilmesini istemesi pek çok Müslüman gibi Hz. Hüseyin’i de rahatsız etmiştir. Hz. Hüseyin’in Yezîd’e biat etmeyip Mekke’ye gittiğini haber alan Kûfeliler’den Şebes b. Rib‘î ve Süleyman b. Surad gibi bazı ileri gelenler onu hilâfete getirmek için kendisine davet mektupları yazdılar. Bunların davetini olumlu karşılayan Hz. Hüseyin, bir kısım ön tetkiklerden sonra, yakın arkadaş ve akrabalarının itirazlarına rağmen halife olmak için yola çıkmış, Hicrî on Muharrem 61/ M. 10 Ekim 680 yılında Hz. Hüseyin henüz Kûfe’ye yetişmeden Yezîd’in askerleri tarafından Kerbelâ’da durdurulmuş ve Yezîd’e biat etme seçeneği dışında bir alternatif bırakmamıştır.&#13;
Hz. Hüseyin ile Emevî hükümdarı Yezîd’in silahlı güçleriyle Kerbelâ’da adil olmayan, şartlar dâhilinde orantısız bir güç ile savaş meydana gelmiştir. Hz. Hüseyin’in ve yakınlarının şehadetiyle sonuçlan bu olay etkisini bugüne değin devam ettirmiş, dinî ve siyasî olayların başlangıcı olmuştur.&#13;
Hz. Hüseyin’in ölümünden sonra adeta İslam tarihinin kırılma noktası oluşmuş, taraftarları kendi aralarında farklı gruplara bölünmüş, mezhep ve tarikatların oluşmasına sebep olmuştur. İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi açısından önemli bir kırılmayı ifade eden Kerbelâ olayında göze çarpan en önemli hususlardan bir tanesi, Kûfelilerin bir kısmının pişmanlık duyarak Hz. Hüseyin’in intikamını almak üzere Tevvâbûn hareketini başlatmalarıdır. Oldukça büyük bir yankı uyandıran Tevvâbûn hareketini, Ehl-i Beyt adına mevcut düzene bir tepki hareketi olarak görmek mümkündür.&#13;
Siyasî ve kabilevî etkenlerin bir arada olduğu Kerbelâ olayı ile Müslümanlar büyük acılar yaşamıştır. Bu acıları dindirmenin çaresi, olayı yeni olmuşçasına dramatize edip hisleri heyecanlandırıp tazelemek yerine, süreci ve sonuçlarını bir kez daha değerlendirerek, akıl ve nakil ittifakıyla hadisenin sahih kaynaklardan okunarak doğru anlaşılmasına gayret etmek, ifrat-tefritten uzak kalınarak insanların Kerbelâyı anmalarını kendilerine eziyet merasimlerine dönüşmesinden ziyade anlama gayretine girmeleridir. Böyle olduğu takdirde, Müslümanların birlik ve beraberliği sağlanabilir, aksi takdirde günümüz İslâm coğrafyasında Müslüman kanının yine Müslüman eliyle akıtılması yeni Kerbelâ’ların yaşanmasına sebebiyet verir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Muaviye’s command that states an obedience to his son Yazid bothered many Muslims including Hussein (His Holiness). Some notable people from Kufe like Şebes b. Rib‘î and Suleyman b. Surad who heard that Hussein (His Holiness) would not obey to Yazid and travel to Mecca, wrote letters inviting him to be enthroned as the caliphate. Accepting that invitation after some quests, Hussein (His Holiness) set out to become a caliph despite the objections of his close friends and relatives. On the 10th of Muharram, 61 (Hijri) / 10th October, 680 (AD), Hussein (His Holiness) was stopped by the soldiers of Yazid before he arrived in Kufe. He was given no choice but to obey to Yazid.&#13;
In Karbala, under unfair circumstances and through disproportionate forces, a war broke out between Hussein (His Holiness) and the armed forces of the Emevi sovereign, Yazid. The effects of this episode which concluded with the martyrdoms of Hussein (His Holiness) and his companions have continued until today. Therefore, it has been regarded as the beginning of some religious and social events.&#13;
The death of Hussein (His Holiness) resulted in a breaking point in the history of Islam since his followers were divided into groups, forming different sects and orders. One of the most remarkable issues in the Karbala CASE, which also reflected an important break in the History of Islamic Sects, was the movement of Tevvabun initiated by some inhabitants of Kufe who felt regret and aimed to revenge on Yazid. The Tevvabun movement, which created great reactions among the public, can be seen as a strong response to the status quo on behalf of Ehl-i Beyt (People of the House).&#13;
Muslims experienced great sufferings due to the Karbala case, which included political and tribal factors. To relive these pains, one should try to fully understand the case by reading authentic sources, re-evaluate the process and its results, and avoid exaggeration and underestimate rather than dramatize the episode as if it had just happened, renew the enthusiasm, or transform Karbala commemorations into masochist ceremonies. Unity and solidarity among Muslims can be ensured by these suggestions. Otherwise, in current Islamic geography, Muslim blood will be shed by Muslim hands and this will cause new Karbala cases. ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=23451</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 3[537-552]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/349</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Gender Jihad or Re-Reading? Upon İslamic Feminism]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Cinsiyet Cihadı mı, Yeniden Okuma? İslami Feminizm Üzerine]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Senem GÜRKAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Yaşar BARUT]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Feminizm, İslami Feminizm]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Gender, feminism, Islamic Feminism]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Biz insanlar, doğuştan sahip olduğumuz, kadın veya erkek olmamızı belirten biyolojik cinsiyetimizin yanı sıra, toplumda kadınlık veya erkekliğimize göre birtakım atıflara maruz kalırız. Toplumsal cinsiyet olarak tanımlanan bu sorumluluklar, roller ve görevler, başta kadınlar olmak üzere erkeklerin hayatında da sınırlılıklara neden olmaktadır. Bu rollerin meydana getirdiği eşitsizlikler eğitim, sağlık, hukuk, din gibi birçok alanda kadının erkeğin karşısında ikincil planda kalmasına yol açabilmektedir. &#13;
Bu sınırlılıklardan biri olan din alanında kadının, kadim çağlardan bu yana ataerkil sistemin de etkisiyle kutsalın merkezine yerleştirilse de geri planda kaldığı, hatta zaman zaman yok sayıldığı iddia edilmektedir. Bu iddiaların temelinde, bu çalışmanında dayanağını oluşturan kutsal metinlerin erkek gözüyle okunması ve yorumlanması yatmaktadır.&#13;
Nitel yöntemle yapılan betimsel analiz türündeki bu çalışmanın amacı, İslami Feminizm kavramını ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle İslami feminizm hakkında genel bilgi verilmiş, sonrasında ise kavramının gelişimi ve paradoksal yapısı anlatılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca İslam ve Feminizm kavramlarının bir arada olup olamayacağı, İslamiyet’in kadını ikincil konuma koyup koymadığı gibi sorulara yanıt aranmıştır.&#13;
Sonuç yerine ortaya koyulan noktalardan biri, İslam ve Feminizm kavramlarının paradoksal olduğu düşünülen yapısının birararadalığının mümkünlüğüdür. Literatürde sıklıkla kullanılan “cinsiyet cihadı” ve İslami Feministlerin çalışma alanlarından biri olan “İslami kaynakların yeniden okunması”, konunun daha anlaşılır kılınması için metaforik olarak ele alınmıştır. Bir diğer konu ise İslam dininin kadını ikincil konuma koyduğunu belirten yargıların aslında İslam’da olmadığı, İslam’ın yaşandığı farklı coğrafyaların geleneklerinden kaynaklandığıdır. ]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[As human beings, we are women or men according to our biological sex given by birth. Moreover, we are exposed to some references for our being feminine or masculine in the society. These responsibilities, roles and duties are called gender and gender causes some limits in the life of women and men, but especially for women. The inequalities stemming from these gender roles may lead women stay behind men in the fields such as education, health, law, religion, etc.&#13;
One of these limits, religion, is claimed to keep women in the background and even ignore them from immemorial times with the effect of patriarchy. What lies in the ground of these claims is the misinterpretation of the sacred texts by men. &#13;
This study carried out with a qualitative method as descriptive analyses, aims at revealing Islamic Feminism. In this context firstly general information about feminism was given. Then the paradoxal structure and the progress of Islamic Feminism were put forth. During this study, some answers to the questions as whether the concepts Islam and Feminism can coexist and whether Islam sets women to the secondary position were also sought.&#13;
As a conclusion one of the points that were enlightened is that it is possible to use the concepts of Islam and Feminism which were regarded as being paradoxal. The concepts “Gender jihad”, used widely in literature and “re-reading of the Islamic sources”, one of the main aims of Islamic Feminism, were taken metaphorically to make the issue more understandable. Another point is that contrary to the judgments that declare Islam subordinates women do not exist in Islam. The reason for these kinds of explanations stems from the different traditions of Islamic countries.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=23442</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 3[485-495]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/350</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sûfî Kişiliğin Teşekkülünde “Hatırlama” Bağlamında Zikrin Rolü]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The Role of Dhikr in The Context of Remembering In The Formation Of Sufi Personality]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Veysel AKKAYA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Zikir, Hatırlamak, Unutmak, Hayal, Muhabbet.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Dhikr, remembering, forgetting, dreaming, love.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Bu makalede, tarikat usûlü olarak sûfî kişiliğin teşekkülünün zikir merkezli oluşu üzerinde durulacaktır. Zikir, tarîkatlarda temel esas olarak kabul edilir. Nefsin tekâmülünde Allah’ın yedi isminin nefs mertebelerine göre zikredilmesi esastır. Kalbin tasfiyesinde de yine ism-i câmî olan “Allah” zikri ile huzura erilir. Sûfînin kendisine şeyhi tarafından telkin edilen zikirde asıl amacı, Allah’ı sürekli hatırlayacak bir bilinç haline yükselmesidir. Artık o, Allah’ın kendisini murâkabe ettiğinin farkında olduğundan, kötülüklere düşmekten azami ölçüde kurtulacak, iyilikler peşinde koşabilecektir. Zikre hatırlamak açısından bakıldığında, hatırlamanın gerçekleşmesi için öncesinde unutma halinin bulunması gerekir. Sûfîler unutmanın bu dünyâ hayatında Allah’ı unutma ve daha önce ruhlar âleminde gerçekleşen “Elest bezmi”ni, Allah’a iman ve kulluk üzere verilen sözü (misâk) unutma şeklinde yorumlarlar. Her iki unutma şeklinde de Allah’ı hatırlamak zikir kapsamı içerisinde yer alır. Sûfînin asıl yapması gereken şey, kendisindeki bu unutma özelliğini, mevcut kötü şeklinden iyi şekle çevirebilmesidir. Böylece daha önce Allah’ı unuturken, artık Allah’tan başkasını unutur hale gelecek, hakîkî zikre ulaşmış olacaktır. Ayrıca zikirde hatırlamaya vesile olan hayal gücü, muhabbetle alâkalıdır. Birini seven onu andıran bir şeyi hayal edince sevgilisini hatırladığı gibi, Allah’ı seven kimse de, Allah’ın tecellîleri olan bu âlemde her temâşâ ettiği şey vasıtasıyla, o şeyde Allah’ın tecellisini hayal edeceğinden, Allah’ı hatırlayacak, hatta hiç unutmayacaktır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[In this article, we will focus on the fact that the formation of the Sufi personality as a method of order is dhikr-centered. Dhikr is considered as the basic principle in the orders. In the ripeness of the Nafs, it is essential that the seven names of Allah be mentioned according to the layers of the Nafs. In order to attain peace in the liquidation of the heart, it is necessary to mention the name of Allah, which contains all the names. The real purpose of the dhikr reported to a Sufi by his sheikh, is the rise of a consciousness that will constantly remember Allah. Now that he is aware that Allah is watching over him, he will be greatly free from sins and will be able to pursue goodness. When dhikr is considered from the point of view of remembering, there must be a state of forgetting before doing so. Sufis interpret "forgetting" as: forgetting Allah in this worldly life, the “Elest World” that took place and the promise that is given in the form of belief in Allah and worship (misaq) in the world of souls. Remembering Allah in both forms of forgetting takes place within the scope of dhikr. What sufi really needs to do is to use this feature of forgetting itself in a good way to transform it from its present bad form into a good form. So while the Sufi used to forget Allah before, he will now forget everything other than Allah, and thus will have reached the genuine dhikr. Besides, the imagination which contributes to remembering in dhikr is related to love. As one remembers the one whom they love when imagining something that reminds them their beloved person, the person who loves Allah will remember and never forget Him through everything they will see in the universe which are all manifestation of Him.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=23003</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 3[441-450]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/351</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Hz. Fâtıma’nın Miras (Fedek) Talebini Konu Edinen Sünnî Rivayetlere Eleştirel Yaklaşım -1-]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[A Critical Approach to Sunni Narratives about the Legacy (Fedek) Demand of Hz. Fatıma -1-]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mevlüt POYRAZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[İslam Tarihi, Hadis, Hz. Fâtıma, Miras, Fedek.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Islamic History, Hadith, Hz. Fatima, Legacy, Fedek.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Bu çalışma; Hz. Peygamber’in (s) vefatı sonrası kızı Hz. Fâtıma’nın Halife Hz. Ebû Bekir’den Miras talep ettiği ile ilgili Sünnî rivayetlerin sahihliğine yönelik eleştiriyi içermektedir. Hz. Fâtıma’nın, ve diğer Ehl-i beyt mensuplarının Hz. Peygamber’in (s) vefatı sonrasında onun Mirasını talep ettikleri halifenin ise reddettiği hususu rivayetlerin ana konusudur. Hz. Fâtıma haricinde diğer mirasçıların halifenin cevabından ikna olduğu ancak Hz. Fatma’nın miras talebinde ısrarcı olduğunu ifade eden rivayetlerin doğruluğu ciddi şüpheler taşımaktadır. Bu rivayetlerde bahsi geçtiği üzere bir miras talebinin olmadığı ancak râşid halifeler dönemi sonrası süreçte siyasi olay ve tutumların tesiriyle şekillenmiş rivayetler, gerçekte olmayan miras talebini varmış gibi yansıtmışlardır. Dört halife döneminde Hz. Peygamber’in (s) tasarrufuna uygun bir şekilde istifadeye sunulan -miras talebi iddiasına konu olan- mülkler, Emevîler döneminde bazı şahıslara ikta edilmiştir. Ehl-i beyt’in gelirinden aldığı payla nafakasını temin ettiği Fedek, siyasi baskıyla amacı dışına çıkarılınca; olası eleştirileri yahut tepkileri bastırmak için miras talebi iddiasını konu edinen rivayetler üretilmiş veya ürettirilmiştir. Kaynaklara geçinceye kadar bir hayli şekil alan bu rivayetler, Sünnî-Şiî düşünsel yaklaşımların savunma, saldırı veya fitneye alet olarak üzerinden gereksiz tartışmalar yapmalarına sebep olmuştur. Gerçekte miras talebi ile ilgili bahsi geçen tartışmaların yaşanmadığı ancak daha sonra oluşturulan algılarla yaşanmış gibi rivayetlere konu olduğu açıktır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[This study includes criticism about the authenticity of Sunni narratives about the legacy demand of Hz. Fatima, the daughter of Hz. Prophet (bpuh), from the Caliph Hz. Abu Bakr after the death of Hz. Prophet(pbuh). It is the main subject of the narratives that Fatıma and the other Ahl al-Bayt members demanded Hz. Prophet’s (bpuh) legacy after his death and the Caliph rejected it. The accuracy of the narratives, which expresses that other heirs, except Hz. Fatima, were convinced of the Caliph's response while Hz. Fatima insisted on claiming the legacy, carries serious doubts. As stated in these narratives, there was no legacy demand but the narratives, which were shaped by the influence of political events and attitudes in the period after the Rachid caliphs, reflected as if there had been a legacy demand. In the period of the four caliphs, the properties submitted to the benefit in compliance with Hz. Prophet’s (bpuh) request, which were subject to the claim of legacy demand, were allocated to some individuals during the Umayyads. When Fedek, in which she obtained her alimony for the share she received from the Ahl al-Bayt’s income, went beyond its cause by political repression, the narratives about the claim of the legacy to suppress possible criticisms or reactions were produced or made produced. These narratives, which took a great shape until they passed to the sources, caused the Sunni-Shiite intellectual approaches to make unnecessary discussions over it by being an instrument to defense, assault or sedition. In fact, it is clear that the mentioned discussions about the request for legacy were not experienced, but became subject to narratives as if they were experienced by the perception created later.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22979</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 3[553-576]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/352</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ELMALILI MUHAMMED HAMDİ YAZIR’IN TEFSİRİNDE İ’CÂZÜ’L-KUR’ÂN]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[KUR’AN’S LACONIC -I’CAZ- IN ELMALILI MUHAMMED HAMDI YAZIR’S COMMENTARY]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ekrem GÜLŞEN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Zehra ÇELEBİ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[tefsir, Elmalılı Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır, Hak Dini Kur’ân Dili, İ’câzü’l-Kur’ân.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[commentary (Tafsir), Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır, Hak Dini Kurân Dili, Kur’ân’s rhetorics.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Son dönem Osmanlı medreselerinin yetiştirdiği en parlak simalardan biri olan Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır Beyazıt Dersiâmlığı, Meclis-i Mebusân üyeliği, huzur derslerinde müzâkerecilik, Dâru’l-Hikmeti’l-İslâmiyye başkanlığı, senatörlük, Vakıflar Bakanlığı, İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti şube başkanlığı gibi görevlerde bulunmuştur. Damat Ferit Paşa kabinesindeki görevi esnasında Milli Mücadele aleyhine verdiği karardan sorumlu tutularak idamla yargılanmıştır. Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığınca 1926’da kendisine verilen Kur’ân tefsiri yazma görevini 1938’de tamamlamıştır. Telif ve tercüme sekiz eseri bulunan Elmalı’yı öne çıkaran çalışma, on iki yılda tamamladığı Hak Dini Kur’ân Dili isimli tefsiridir. Çalışmasında, Ebüssuûd’un İrşâd’ı, Beyzâvî’nin Envârü’t-tenzîl’i, Zemahşerî’nin Keşşâf’ı, Râzî’nin Tefsîr-i Kebîr’i, Cessâs’ın Ahkâmü’l-Kur’ân’ı, Ebû Hayyân’ın Bahru’l-Muhît’i, İbn Cerîr’in Tefsîr-i Kebîr’i, Alûsî’nin Tefsîr-i Kebîr’i ve Tefsîr-i Nisâbûrî gibi kaynaklardan yararlandığını ifade eder. Ancak iktibas yaptığı değerlendirmeler/yorumlar arasında tercihte bulunması, tenkit ettiklerinin yanı sıra bazı konularda kendine has görüşler ortaya koyması onun eserini, istifade ettiklerinden daha fazla öne çıkarmaktadır. Bu konulardan biri de peygamberlerin mûcizeleri ve Kur’ân’ın i’câzıyla alakalı değerlendirmeleridir. Peygamberliğin, mûcize ile desteklenmiş bir kurum olması yanında ilâhî bir te’yid olduğuna da değinen Elmalılı, peygamberlere verilen mucizelerin özel ve geçici olduğunu, Kur’ân’ın mûcizeliğinin evrensel ve kalıcı olduğuna dikkat çekmiştir. Elmalılı tefsirinde, Kur’ân’ın kalıcı/yerleşik on adet i’câz yönüne değinmektedir. Bunlar: Kur’ân’ın tertibi, nazmı, üslûbu, belâgati, gayb ve teşrii/fıkıh yönü, korunmuşluğu/muhafazası, Arapça oluşu, Hz. Peygamber’in ümmî olması ve fennî/ilmî i’câzlarıdır. Bu çalışmada, Elmalı’nın Kur’ân’ın i’câzıyla alakalı bu değerlendirmeleri yer almaktadır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, one of the brightest personality who Ottoman madrassah had brought up, served as a professor of Beyazıd Medressai, member of Meclis-i Mebusân, negotiant in discourses, head of Dâru’l-Hikmeti’l-İslâmiyye, member of Ottoman senate, minister of foundation, head of branch of Comitte of Union and Progress. He was trialed being held responsible for his decision against the Turkish national struggle for independence during his post in Damat Ferit Paşa cabinet. He completed the task of writing a commentary of the Kuran in 1938, which he was given in 1926. The work that makes him who has eight work translation or original work, in total the top is the commentary of on the Quran named Hak Dini Kur’ân Dili. Even though he said that he used the references such as İrşâd of Ebüssuûd, Envârü’t-tenzîl’i of Beyzâvî, Keşşâf of Zemahşerî, Ahkâmü’l-Kur’ân of Cessâs, Tefsîr-i Kebîr and Tefsîr-i Nisâbûrî of Alûsî, his making a choice among the comments/evaluations that he cited, besides the ones he criticized that he has seen mistakes, he delivers his own opinion concerning some topics. Some of which his judgements regarding miracles of the prophets and irresistibility of Kuran. Elmalılı mentioning the prophecy is a divine verification besides it is an establishment supported by miracle, pointed out that miracles given to prophets have been exclusive and temporary, but the miraculousness of Kuran is universal and eternal. Elmalı has mentioned ten eternal aspects of irresitibility of Kuran in his commentary of The Kuran. These are: arrengement, verse, wording, rhetoric, aspect of unseen and visible, protected, being Arabic of Kuran; scientific rhetoric’s and being illiterate of Prophet. In this work, Judgements of Elmalı regarding irresistibility of Kuran were studied.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22876</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 2[     281-305 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/353</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İBN ZEYDÛN’UN ŞİİRİNDE VELLÂDE İMAJI]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[WALADAH’S IMAGE IN THE POETRY OF IBN ZAIDOUN]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mehmet Ali Kılay ARAZ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Endülüs edebiyatı, şiir, Vellâde, İbn Zeydûn, imaj]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Andalusian literature, poetry, Walladah, ibn Zaidoun, image]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Endülüs edebiyatı, Arap edebiyat tarihinin en önemli dönemlerinden birini oluşturur. Bu dönemin öne çıkan şairlerinden biri de İbn Zeydûn’dur.  İbn Zeydûn, çağının sanat ve edebiyat alanındaki parlak isimlerinden biridir. Şiirlerinde ilham kaynağı olarak gördüğü kişi ise Vellâde bint el-Müstekfî’dir. Vellâde imajı İbn Zeydûn’un birçok şiirinde işlenmiştir. &#13;
Vellâde’nin babası Emevî hanedanının halefidir. Vellade ise Cordoba'daki en güzel kadınlardan biri ve yetenekli bir şairdir. Her zaman o,  şairlere ve yazarlara karşı açık fikirlidir. Meclisinde edebiyatçı yazarlar, şairler, sanatçılar ve âlimler toplanırdı. İbn Zeydûn da bu meclisin düzenli katılımcılarından biridir. İbn Zeydûn Vellade’nin güzelliğinden etkilenmiş ve ona âşık olmuştur. Vellâde İbn Zeydûn ile ilgilenmeye başladığında bu ilişki karşılıklı hale gelmiştir. Sevgi ve sadakatin egemen olduğu dönemde sık sık Vellâde’nin saray ve bahçelerinde buluşmuş ve aşk şiirleri okumuşlardır. Gazel türüne güzel bir örnek olarak İbn Zeydûn ve Vellâde ince duygularla dolu şiirler kaleme almışlardır. &#13;
Bu makalede, Vellâde’nin yer aldığı veya isminin geçtiği şiirler, ihtiva ettiği edebî özellikleri itibariyle incelenmiştir. Öncelikle İbn Zeydûn ve Vellâde arasındaki ilişkinin özellikleri, bu ilişkinin hangi aşamalardan geçtiği açıklanmış; ikinci olarak İbn Zeydûn’un Vellâde’yi nasıl tasvir ettiğine ve Vellâde’nin kişilik özelliklerine değinilmiş ve son olarak beyitlerden verilen örneklerle Vellâde’nin tasvir edildiği şiirlerin üslup özellikleri ve Vellâde imajı değerlendirilerek sonuç bölümünde ulaşılan sonuçlar belirtilmiştir.&#13;
]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Andalusian literature is one of the most important periods of Arabic literature history. One of the most prominent poets of this period is Ibn Zaidoun. Ibn Zaidoun is one of the bright names of his age in the field of art and literature. In his poems, the person he sees as a source of inspiration is Walladah bent Al Mostakfi. The image of Walladah was written in many poems of Ibn Zaidoun. Her father was the successor of the Umayyad dynasty. Walladah is one of the most beautiful women in Cordoba and a talented poet. She is always open-minded to poets and writers. In the assembly, writers, poets, artists and scholars were gathered. Ibn Zaidoun is one of the regular participants of this assembly. Ibn Zaidun was influenced by the beauty of Walladah and fell in love with her. When Walladah became interested in Ibn Zaydoun, this relationship became mutual. During the period of love and loyalty, they often met in the palaces and gardens of Walladah and read love poems. As a good example of the genre of Ghazal, Ibn Zaidoun and Walladah wrote poems filled with fine emotions.&#13;
In this article, the literary features of the poems in which the name “Walladah” is mentioned are examined. At first, the characteristics of the relationship between Ibn Zaidoun and Walladah, the stages of the relationship between them are explained, secondly, Ibn Zaidoun's depiction of Walladah and the personality characteristics of her are also examined. Finally, the stylistic features of the poems in which Walladah was depicted with the examples given by the couplets and the results obtained in the conclusion section were evaluated.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22786</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 2[199-218 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/354</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[TEOLOJİ’DE/KELÂM’DA VEKÂLETİN İMKÂNI]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[THE POSSIBILITY OF WAKĀLAH IN THEOLOGY/KALÂM]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Muhammet AYDIN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[teoloji, peygamber, vekâlet, sorumluluk, özgürlük, birey]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[theology, messenger, wakâlah, responsible, freedom, individual]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[İnsanın yeryüzündeki serüveni kendi iradesi sonucunda gerçekleşmiş değildir. Allah, iradesiyle varlığı ve insanı yaratmayı dilemiştir. Bu aşamada Allah, tüm varlığa vekalette bulunarak tasarrufta bulunmuştur. Yani varlığı ve insanı yaratmıştır. İnsanı belli yeteneklerle donatmakla kalmamış, yaratılış amacı konusunda ona insana rehberlik etmiştir. Allah, insana lutuf olmak üzere onun cinsinden elçiler görevlendirmiştir. Ancak elçinin insanla aynı ontolojik kategoriden seçilmesi insanlar tarafından doğru değerlendirilememiştir. Yanlış peygamber algısı sadece elçilikle ilgili olumsuzluklara değil, diğer temel kavramlarla ilgili bazı sapmalara da yol açmıştır. Allah tasavvurundaki sapma, insanın konumu, özgürlüğü ve sorumluluğu gibi dinin en temel konularına etki etmektedir. Dini/teolojik alanda geçerli görmediğimiz vekaletin, siyasi ve hukuki alanlarda geçerli olabileceği söylenebilir. İnsanın sorumluluğu ve özgürlüğü yara almamalı ve insanın yaratılış amacı anlamını kaybetmemelidir. Allah yegane vekildir. O’nun dışında hiç kimse vekil değildir. Peygamberler sadece elçidirler. Bu sürecin vekalet adına akamete uğratılmaması gerekir. Müslümanlar sosyal, siyasal, hukuki ve teolojik alanlarda karşılaştıkları sorunları geleneğe başvurarak çözmeye çalışmışlardır. Geleneği bütünüyle olumsuzlamak doğru değildir. Fakat gelenek içerisinde hazır bulunan çözümleri dini bir forma sokarak, onlara ilahilik, kutsallık ve zaman üstülük vasfı kazandırmak da doğru değildir. Birey olma bilincini inşa etmede başarılı olunamamıştır. Sorumluluk ve birey bilinci yüksek ayrıca özgürlüğe dayalı yeni bir teolojik dil üretip sorunlarla yüzleşmeliyiz. Yüce Allah, bunun için vahiyle bize destek olmakta ve kendisine güvenmemizi istemektedir. Çünkü O, yegane vekildir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Man’s adventure on earth is not a result of his own will. With giving wakālah to the beings, Allah did an act. In other words, He created the beings and humans. He not only gave certain abilities to human beings, but also conducted them with the aim of creation. As a mercy, Allah sent messengers to humans. However, choosing the messenger from the same ontological category of human beings could not be evaluated properly by humans. The incorrect perception of the messenger caused not only negativities about prophethood but also misperception about other basic concepts. Aberration from the realisation of Allah and prophet affects the most basic concepts of religion such as the status, freedom and responsibility of man. It could be said that wakālah, the concept which we do not accept as valid in the theological area, could be accepted as valid in political and legal areas. However, the responsibility and freedom of man and human being’s creation aim should not lose their meanings. Allah is the Only Wakīl. Except for Allah, no one is the Wakīl. Prophets are just messengers. This process should not be prevented on behalf of wakālah. Muslims tried to solve the problems they faced in social, political, legal and theological areas by applying to tradition. It is not right to completely negation the tradition. But it is not right to give them divine, sanctity and time-honored by putting the solutions in a religious form in a tradition. It was not successful to build consciousness of being an individual. We must create a new theological language based on freedom and face problems with high responsibility and individual consciousness. Almighty Allah, for this, he wants us to support and to trust him. Because he's the sole regent.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22779</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 2[   219-235]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/355</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Abbasi İhtilali Kahramanlarından Kahtabe b. Şebib]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[The One of the Heroes of the Abbasid Revolution: Kahtaba bin Shabib]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatih GÜZEL]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kahtabe b. Şebib, Abbasiler, Emeviler.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Kahtaba b. Shabib, Abbasids, Umayyads]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[İslâm dünyasında yaklaşıl 90 sene hüküm süren Emevî hilafeti dönemi dış fetihler bakımından başarılı bir dönem olarak kabul edilse de iç siyaset bakımından sıkıntılara, çalkantılara ve isyanlara sahne olmuştur. Emeviler, Hz. Peygamberin amcası Hz. Abbas’ın torunları tarafından iyi kurgulanmış ve organize edilmiş bir ihtilalin sonunda 132/750 tarihinde yıkılmış yerine beş asır devam edecek Abbâsî hilafeti kurulmuştur. 100/718 yılında başladığı kabul edilen Abbasi propagandası (da’vet) Irak ve Horasan bölgesinde uzun süre gizlice devam etmiş, 128/745 yılında Emevilere karşı silahlı isyanla ortaya çıkmış, 132/750 yılında da Abbâsî hilafetinin kurulmasıyla başarıya ulaşmıştır. Abbâsî ihtilalinin kahramanı olarak Ebû Müslim el-Horasânî olarak bilinse de ömrünü Abbâsî davetinin başarısı için harcamış çok sayıda kişi bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri de Kahtabe b. Şebîb et-Tâyî’dir. Merv’de Arap asıllı bir ailenin çocuğu olarak dünyaya gelen, Ehl-i Beyt taraftarı bir ailede yetişen Kahtabe b. Şebîb, Horasan’da Abbâsî davetine ilk katılanlardan biri olmuştur. Abbâsîlere sadakati ve zekâsı nedeniyle Kahtabe b. Şebîb, Abbâsî lideri İmam Muhammed b. Ali tarafından Horasan’da Abbâsî davetini yönetecek on iki nakibden biri olarak seçilmiştir. Kahtabe, İmam Muhammed b. Ali ve onun vefatından sonra yerine Abbâsî lideri olan İbrahim ile hacc dönemlerinde Mekke’de görüşmüş, onlardan aldığı emir ve direktifleri Horasan halkına iletmiştir. Kahtabe, Ebû Müslim el-Horasânî önderliğinde Horasan’da başlayan Abbâsî silahlı isyanında da faal görev almıştır. Horasan’dan Emevi kuvvetlerini çıkaran Abbâsîler İran’a ulaştıklarında Kahtabe b. Şebîb, İmam İbrahim b. Muhammed tarafından Abbâsî ordularının komutanlığına getirilmiştir. Kahtabe komutasındaki Abbâsî ordusu yaklaşık bir yıl içinde İran ve Irak bölgelerini ele geçirmiştir. Bu süreç içinde Abbâsî kuvvetleri kendinden kata kat fazla Emevi ordularını Kahtabe b. Şebîb’in maharetli yönetimiyle mağlup etmiştir. Kahtabe, 132/749 yılında Kûfe yakınlarında Emevilerle girdiği bir savaş sonunda maktul düşmüştür. Bu çalışmamızda Kahtabe b. Şebîb’in Abbâsî ihtilalindeki rolünü ele almaya çalışacağız.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Although the period of the Umayyad Caliphate ruled for 90 years in the Islamic world is considered a successful period in terms of external conquests, it has been the scene of troubles, turbulences and riots in terms of domestic politics. The Umayyads were destroyed in 132/750 at the end of a well-organized revolution by the descendants of Abbas who is uncle of Prophet Muhammad and the Abbasid caliphate was established, which would continue for five centuries. The Abbasid propaganda (invitation), which was accepted to be started in 100/718, continued for a long time in Iraq and Khorasan region; emerged in 128/745 with an armed revolt against the Umayyads, and succeeded in the establishment of the Abbasid caliphate in 132/750. Although he is known as Abu Muslim al-Khorasanî as the hero of the Abbasid revolution, there are a large number of people who spent their life in the success of the Abbasid invitation. One of them is Kahtaba b. Shabib at-Tayi. He was born into a family of Arabian origin in Merv, and raised in a family of supporters of Ahl al-Bayt and was one of the first to attend the Abbasid invitation to Horasan. Because of his loyalty and intelligence to the Abbasids, he was chosen as one of the twelve chiefs who would lead the Abbasid's invitation in Khorasan by Abbasid leader Imam Muhammad Ali. After the death of Imam Muhammad Ali, he met with Abbasid leader Abraham in Mecca during the hajj periods and conveyed the orders he received from them to the people of Khorasan. Kahtaba was also active in the Abbasid armed rebellion under the leadership of Abu Muslim al-Khorasanî in Khorasan. When the Abbasids arrived in Iran after removed the Umayyad forces from Khorasan, Kahtaba was assigned as commander of the Abbasid armies by Imam Ibrahim Muhammad. Abbasid army under the command of Kahtaba seized Iran and Iraq regions in about a year. In this process, the Abbasid forces defeated the Umayyad armies, which were more than themselves, with the skillful management of Kahtaba. He died in 132/749 after a war with Umayyad near Kufa. In this study, we will try to discuss the role of Kahtabe in the Abbasid revolution.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22738</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 1[163-175]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/356</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[BİR EĞİTİMCİ OLARAK HZ. PEYGAMBER (S.A.V)’İN MİZAH ANLAYIŞI]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[THE PROPHET (PBUH)’S SENSE OF HUMOUR AS AN EDUCATOR]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Musa ERKAYA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hz. Muhammed (s.a.v), Eğitim, Öğretim, Mizah, Şaka, Kötü Şaka]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hz. Mohammed (pbuh), Education, Instruction, Humor, Joke, Dirty Joke.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Bilindiği gibi Hz. Peygamber’in devlet başkanı, ordu komutanı, aile reisi ve kadı (hâkim) gibi birçok sıfatı vardır. Bunlardan biri de muallim (eğitimci – öğretimci) sıfatıdır. O, eğitimcilik görevini yerine getirirken, muhataplarının durumunu daima dikkate almıştır. Çocukla çocuk, genç ile genç, yaşlıyla yaşlı olmuştur. Onun bu davranışı da muhatapları yani ashabı ile iletişiminde son derece etkili olmuştur. Hz. Peygamber, ashabıyla olan bu iletişim çerçevesinde zaman zaman mizah ve şakaya başvurmuş, nükteli ifadelerde bulunmuştur. O bunu yaparken muhataplarına her zaman doğruları söylemiş, onları korkutmamış, endişelendirmemiş, alay etmemiş ve küçümsememiştir. Yaptığı latifeyi anlayamayan bazı sahâbîlere ise hemen açıklamasını yapmış, bunun sonucunda da karşılıklı gülüşmüşlerdir. Sahâbîlerin kendisine yaptığı şakaları da büyük bir olgunlukla karşılamış, hatta mukabelede bulunmuştur. Onun bu tutumu sahâbîlerin kendisine olan sevgi ve bağlılıklarını bir kat daha güçlendirmiştir. Çünkü bu suretle Hz. Peygamber’in kendileri gibi bir beşer olduğunu, onun da beşer olmanın gerektirdiği tavır ve davranışlarda bulunduğunu yakından görüyorlardı. Zira mizah/şaka da tıpkı yiyip içmek, yatıp uyumak ve evlenip çoluk çocuğa karışmak gibi fıtri bir ihtiyaçtır. Bununla birlikte şunu ifade etmeliyiz ki Hz. Peygamber’in sahâbîlerine yaptığı şakalar, onun bir muallim peygamber olmasının mesaj yüklü ifadeleridir. Biz bu makalemizde önce Hz. Peygamber’in eğitimci kişiliğine kısaca temas edeceğiz. Daha sonra onun, başta ailesi olmak üzere, sahâbîlerle olan münasebetlerinde yaptıkları; sahâbîlerin de birbirlerine yaptıkları şakalara ve nükteli sözlere örnekler vereceğiz. Akabinde de kısa bir değerlendirmede bulunacağız.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[As is known, the Prophet has many attributes such as the president, army commander, paterfalmilias, and judge. Another one of them is his attribute as teacher (educator - instructor). He always took into account the situation of his interlocutors while he was fulfilling his educational task. He behaved childish towards a child, youngish towards a young and elderly towards an elder. This behavior of his had been very effective in communicating with his interlocutors, that is, his companions. From time to time, the Prophet had recourse to humor and jokes, and made use of witty expressions within this frame of communication with his companions. In doing so he always told his interlocutors the truth, not intimidated them, didn't worry, didn’t mock or belittle. Some of the Companions, who did not understand his joke, immediately made the statement, as a result of which they laughed. The jokes made by the Companions met him with great maturity, or even had responded. His attitude further strengthened the love and devotion of the Companions to him. For this reason they saw that the Prophet was a human being like them, and that he had behaved in the manner and necessity of being a human being. Because humor/joke is a natural need, just like eating and drinking, getting married and sleeping. Because humor/joke is a natural need, just like eating and drinking, and sleeping and getting married and have a children. However, we must say that the jokes of the Prophet's Companions are the message-laden statements of his being a teacher prophet.In this article, we will first touch briefly the Prophet's personality as educator. Later on, we will give examples of the jokes and witty words in his relations with the Companions, his family being in the first place, and of those which the Companions made to each other. Subsequently, we will make a short evaluation.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22735</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 1[141-161]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/357</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[SUFİLERİN HAC YOLCULUĞU]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[SUFI PILGRIMAGE ROUTES]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Esra DOĞAN TURAY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sûfîler, Hac Tarihi, Hac yolları, Ziyaretgâhlar, Mekke, Medine, Bağdat, Şam, Kahire, Kudüs, İstanbul]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Hajj, Pilgrimage History, Sufis, Pilgrimage Routes, Makka, Madina, Baghdad, Damascus, AI-Quds, Istan]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Hac yolculuğuna dair farklı bakış açıları olan sufilerin, haccı keşfe ulaşma için bedeni yolculuklardan sayanları arasında ömürlerinde bir yada birkaç defa bu emri yerine getirenleri olduğu gibi, seyyah derviş olarak adlandırılanların neredeyse hayatlarının tamamını yollarda geçirdikleri görülmektedir. Farklı mihverler doğrultusunda seçtikleri güzergâhlarda kendilerine mahsus bir âdâba dönüştürerek zaruri ziyaretlerle gerçekleştirdikleri bu uzun yolculukların birçoğunun hac merkezli olduğu anlaşılır. Öte yandan tasavvuf dünyasını içine alan coğrafyaları gören ve hacı payesiyle şereflenen sufilerin bir önder ve dahası bir halife olarak ülkelerine döndükleri, bakir kıtalara İslam’ın hacdan dönen mutasavvıflar aracılığıyla taşındığı bilinmektedir. Bu güzide toplulukların yol haritaları, kaldıkları dergâh ve tekkeleri, menazil ve mesirlerine işaret eden bu çalışma, Sufilerin İslam’ın merkez şehirlerinin tamamını içine alan baş döndürücü müstesna yolculuklarına değinmektedir. Tasavvuf ehlinin hac rotalarını sınıflandırarak incelemeye çalıştığımız bu makale güzergâhlarda yaşanan sıkıntıların bazıları üzerinde dururken Sufilerin hac tarihi içerisindeki müstesna yerlerini anlatmaktadır. Bu araştırmada tarihi sıra ve öncelikli coğrafyalar gözetilmiş, güzergâhlar üzerinde yer alan ve İslam medeniyetinin merkez şehirleri olarak kabul edilen Şam, Bağdat, Kahire, Kudüs, İstanbul gibi kentlerdeki ikametleri ele alınmıştır. Çok çeşitli kara ve deniz güzergâhlarını kullanarak kutsal topraklara varan sufilerin bu meşakkatli seferleri Horasan-İran, Kafkaslar-Orta Asya, Hind- Sind alt kıtası, Balkanlar-Anadolu ve son olarak da Afrika güzergâhı sırasıyla işlenmiştir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Sufis have different perspectives on pilgrimage; it is known that among those who consider as hajj was a body-journey went to hajj one or two times in their entire life, also those who is called traveller-dervish (seyyah-derviş) spent their whole life on the roads. It is seen that those long journeys are hajj-centered. Moreover, it is understood that this journey is necessary for sufi leaders who are being honored as hadji, who are back to their countries as a supremo moreover as khalife who sees geographies which contain sufi world. This study underpins route maps of these chosen people, dergahs and tekkes which they stayed, their menazils and mesiras. In addition, it adverts their vertiginous-unique journeys which contain the central cities of Islam.Th,s paper seeks to explore Sufi pilgrimage routes and points out their places in hajj history by deliberating some distresses of that sufis lived. This paper givese priority historical dates and preferred geographies, and discussed their diverse residences, including Damascus, Baghdad, Cairo and İstanbul during their journeys to holy lands using different earth and sea routes, such as Horasan-Iran, Caucasians, Middle Asia, Hind-Sindh subcontinent, Balkans-Anatolia and lastly Africa.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22722</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 1[97-140]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/358</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[MÜZENÎ’NİN İMAM ŞÂFİÎ’YE AYKIRI GÖRÜŞLERİ -SARHOŞUN TALAKI ÖRNEĞİ-]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[CONTRARY OPINIONS OF MUZENI AGANIST IMAM SHAFI'I THE EXAMPLE OF TALAQ/DIVORCE OF DRUNK]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Nasi ASLAN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[- Mehmet Ali SEZER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Şâfiî, Müzenî, Muhtasar, Sarhoşun Talakı/Boşaması]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Shafi'i, Muzeni, Brief, the Talaq/Divorce of Drunk]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Şâfiî mezhebinin oluşmasında ve sistematik yapıya kavuşmasında ilk öğrencilerin etkisi ve katkısı inkâr edilemez. Bu anlamda Irak’ta Za‘ferânî, Mısır’da ise Büveytî, Müzenî ve Rebi‘ b. Süleyman el-Murâdî’yi sayabiliriz. Bu öğrenciler içerisinde Müzenî, önceleri kelâmî konularla ilgilenirken İmâm Şâfiî’nin Mısır’a gelmesiyle fıkhî konulara yönelmiştir. Dört yıl gibi kısa bir süre İmâm Şâfiî’ye öğrencilik yapmıştır. Münazara ehli ve delil sunma becerisinin güçlü olması gibi özellikleri ile İmam Şâfiî’nin beğenisini kazanmış ve İmam Şâfiî tarafından mezhebin yardımcısı olarak görülmüştür. İmam Şâfiî’nin vefatından sonra birçok eser yazmış ancak “Muhtasarü’l-Müzenî” eseriyle mezhepte şöhret bulmuştur. Muhtasarü’l-Müzenî, Şafiî mezhebinin temel kaynakları arasında yer almaktadır. Müzenî, kitabının başında “Bu kitabı Şâfiî’nin ilminden ve görüşlerinden ihtisâr ettim/özetledim.” demektedir. Eser, İmam Şâfiî’nin el-Ümm kitabının muhtasar halini çağrıştırmakla birlikte, konu tertibinin farklı olması, Şâfiî’nin orada bulunmayan görüşlerine yer vermesi ve Müzenî’nin kendi yorumlarını da içermesi bakımından orijinal bir eser olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca Müzenî’nin İmam Şâfiî’ye aykırı görüşleri de daha çok bu eserinde yer almaktadır. Mezhebin oluşumunda önemli bir katkısı olan Müzenî’nin, çoğu meselelerde İmam Şâfiî ile mutabık olmasının yanında birçok konuda da İmam Şâfiî’ye muhalefeti bilinmektedir. Hiç şüphesiz ayrı düşündüğü konuların en önemlilerinden birisi de sarhoşun talakı konusundaki görüşüdür. Sarhoşun talakı konusuyla ilgili tartışmalar aile hukuku özelinde temerküz etse de ehliyet arızaları içerisinde de tartışılagelmiştir. İşte bu araştırmada konu bir makale boyutları içerisinde incelenecektir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The effect and contributions of the first students cannot be denied in the formation of Shafi'i madhhab. In this manner, we can rank Za‘ferânî in Iraq, Buweytî, Muzenî and Rebi‘b. Suleyman el-Murâdî in Egypt. While Muzeni, among these students, dealt with at first the issues regarding calam, he inclined to issues concerning fiqh with the coming of Imam Shafi'i to Egypt. He was the student of Imam Shafi'i for a while as short as four years. He was appreciated by Imam Shafi'i with his characteristics of being competent in discussion and having strong skill of evidence submission, and he was regarded as the assistant of madhhab. Although he wrote many works following the death of Imam Shafi'i, he gained reputation with his “Muhtasaru’l-Muzenî” in the madhhab. Muhtasarü’l-Muzenî” is among the main sources of Shafi'i madhhab. Muzenî states in the beginning of his book that I summarised this book from the science and opinions of Shafi'i. The work meets us as an original work along with its evoking the brief version of Imam Shafi'i’s book of el-Umm, its different type of subject organisation, involving the views of Shafi'i which are not in el-Umm, and including self-comments of Muzeni. In addition, contrary opinions of Muzeni against Shafi'i are also mostly in this work. It is known that although Muzeni, who has significant contribution in the formation of madhhab, agreed with Shafi'i on many issues, he challenged Imam Shafi'i in many subjects. It is no doubt that his opinion about the talaq of drunk is one of most important subjects that he thinks different from Imam Shafi'i. Even though the disputes about the talaq of drunk are specifically concentrated on family law, it has been also discussed concerning competence problems. In this study, this subject will be investigated within the context of an article.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22697</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 1[1-16]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/359</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[من مبادئ العلاقات الدولية في القرآن الكريم]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[SOME PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE HOLY QURĀN]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Mesut CEVHER]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[العلاقات الدولية- العهد- القرآن الكريم - المعاهدات.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[international relations, the covenant, the Holy Quran, treaties]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[جاء القرآن الكريم في وقت كان العدوان فيه علامة على القوة، فكانت الدولة القوية تغزو الدول الصغيرة، وتهلك الحرث والنسل، وكذلك كانت القبائل تفتخر بكثرة هجومها على القبائل الأخرى، وتعتبر قتل الرجال وأسر النساء عملا بطوليا، كل ذلك كان سببا في انهيار الحضارات، وكانت نتيجته تردي أحوال الإنسانية من سيئ إلى أسوأ، ولما كان دور القرآن الكريم إصلاح ما أفسده بنو البشر، وإرشاد البشرية جمعاء إلى طرق السعادة والظفر، فليس من الغريب أن يتناول القرآن الكريم المبادئ العامة لتنظيم علاقة الدولة المسلمة مع غيرها من الدول، وأن يرسم السبيل إلى حياة ينعم فيها بالسلام جميع البشر، وسوف تحاول الدراسة استنباط التعاليم القرآنية في هذا المجال، لعله يكون تمهيدا لدراسات مطولة تبين نظرية القرآن في تنظيم العلاقات بين الناس. وسوف تعتمد الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، بحيث تجمع المعلومات، ثم تصنفها بشكل علمي حسب المباحث، ثم تقوم بتحليها، وذلك بغرض الوصول إلى الحقائق بشكل علمي، وسوف تعتمد الدراسة كذلك على القرآن الكريم، وتتخذ كتب التفسير الأصيلة مراجع لها، ولن تغفل التفاسير والدراسات الأكاديمية الحديثة.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[The Qur'an came at a time when aggression was a sign of strength. The powerful state was invading small countries, plowing and plowing. The tribes were also proud of their attacks on other tribes. The killing of men and women's families is a heroic act. All of this was the cause of the collapse of civilizations, and the result of the deterioration of the conditions of humanity from bad to worse. And because the role of the Holy Quran to reform what has been corrupted by human beings, and guide all mankind to the ways of happiness and nail. It is not surprising that the Holy Quran deals with the general principles governing the relationship of the Muslim state with other countries. And to chart the way to a life where all human beings enjoy peace. The study will attempt to devise Quranic teachings in this field, perhaps as a prelude to lengthy studies showing the theory of the Qur'an in organizing relations between people. The study will rely on the analytical descriptive method, so that the information is collected and classified scientifically according to the researcher, and then analyzed, in order to arrive at the facts scientifically. And will also study the Koran, and take the books of interpretation and authentic references. And will not ignore the interpretations and modern academic studies. This study will serve as a new door for researchers in the field of the Holy Quran and its sciences, because it touched on unprecedented subject, needs to study and scrutiny, because it serves a vital area in the life of all mankind, and not just a religious study of those who convert to Islam.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22690</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 2[   237-249]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/360</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[TÜRKİYE’DE DİN VE SEKÜLARİZM: CAHİT TANYOL İLE ŞERİF MARDİN’İN YAKLAŞIMLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI İNCELEMESİ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[RELIGION AND SECULARISM IN TURKEY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CAHİT TANYOL AND ŞERİF MARDİN’S APPROACHES]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Erkan ÇAV]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Din, İslâm, Sekülerleşme, Sekülarizm, Laiklik, Din Sosyolojisi, Cahit Tanyol, Şerif Mardin]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Religion, İslâm, Secularization, Secularism, Laicism, Sociology of Religion, Cahit Tanyol, Ş. Mardin]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Anadolu coğrafyası, binlerce yıldır din ile iç içe bir yaşamın var olduğu bir bölgedir. Tarihi 12 bin yıl öncesine dayanan Şanlıurfa’daki Göbeklitepe ibadet alanı, bu topraklardaki Tanrı inancının, dinin ve dini yaşamın kökenlerini bilinenden binlerce yıl geriye çekmiştir. Selçuklu ve Osmanlı devletlerinin devamı olarak 1923 yılında kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Halifeliği tamamen kaldırdı veya bir görüşe göre Halifeliği Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin (TBMM) varlığına mündemiç hale getirdi, ancak nihayetinde dinî hukuk normlarını, yani İslâm şeriatını güncel mevzuatın dışına çıkartan adımlar attı, seküler bir Anayasa oluşturdu. 1937 yılında Anayasa maddesi haline gelen “Laiklik” ilkesi, devletin temel özelliklerinden bir tanesi oldu. Din ve sekülarizm -Türkiye’de uygulanan haliyle laiklik/laikleştirme- birlikte düşünülmesi gereken konulardır. Din ve devlet işlerinin hukuki ve yapısal olarak ayrılması esasına dayanan laiklik ilkesi ile dinin toplumsal ve siyasal hayattan çekileceği, vicdanlarda kalacağı ve kamusal yaşamda etkili olmayacağı düşünülmüştür. Ancak bu gerçekleşmemiş, 1950’de yönetimi seçimle devralan Demokrat Parti iktidarı ile birlikte, toplumdaki dinî değerler ve yaklaşımlar siyasal yaşamı etkilemeye başlamış, toplumsal hayatta din yeniden öne çıkmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti döneminde devlet yönetiminde laikleşme adımları ve toplumda ise sekülerleşme sürecinin emareleri yaşanır. Bu süreç, Cumhuriyet döneminde laiklik ilkesine bağlı olarak sekülerleştirme olarak tezahür etmiştir. Böylece, yüz yılı aşkın süredir devam eden Osmanlı-Türk modernleşmesi başka bir evreye geçmiştir. Cumhuriyet’in kurucu iradesi ve resmi-merkez ideoloji tarafından yürütülen laiklik ilkesi modernizasyon projesi olarak uygulanmıştır. Bu sebeple, devlet yapısını değiştiren laiklik siyasi-hukukî, toplumun seküler yönde değişimini ifade eden sekülerleşme ise sosyolojik bir kavramdır. 2010’lu yıllara değin Türkiye’de yaşanan süreç, temelde baskıya, zora ve hukuki cezalandırmaya dayalı laiklik uygulamasının, tepeden inmeci bir anlayışla siyasi-sosyal bir proje olarak uygulanmasıdır. Elbette, bu yıllarda sekülerleşme olur, ancak bu süreç laiklik baskısı altında yaşanır. Önce laikliğin meşrulaştırılması, devamında dinin laik ve demokratik düzende var olması, nihai noktada ise dinî yaşamın ifade biçimlerinin, temsillerinin ve uygulamalarının hangi ölçülerde toplumsal yaşamda var olacağı, Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca tartışılan konular olur. Sosyolog Cahit Tanyol (1914-…) ve Şerif Mardin (1927-2017), her ikisi de, bu konularda yoğun olarak çalışmış, din ve laiklik (sekülarizm) üzerine, temel, etkili, belirleyici ve ana akım yaklaşımlar oluşturan düşünceler ortaya koymuşlardır. Cahit Tanyol’un ve Şerif Mardin’in bu konudaki yaklaşımlarının karşılaştırmalı incelemesi, Cumhuriyet tarihine ve bugüne dair derinlikli bilgiler, geleceğe ilişkin de anlamlı bir perspektif sunar.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Anatolian geography, have a life intertwined with religion for thousands of years the region. The Göbeklitepe region in Şanlıurfa, which dates back 12 thousand years, has drawn the reflections of the belief of the god, religion and religious life for thousands of years. Republic of Turkey fully abolished the Caliphate or made Caliphate into the presence of The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) according to another view; but in the end there had been took steps that go beyond religious norms and created a secular Constitution. The “laicisim” principle, which became the constitutional material in 1937, became one of the main features of the state. Religion and secularism -that it has been applicated as laicisim in Turkey- are issues that need to be considered together. With the principle of laicism that is legal and structural separation of religion and state affairs, religion will move away from social and political life, will stay in conscience and had been thought that it will not be effective in public life. But this has not happened. After the Democratic Party came to power in 1950 with elections, religious values and approaches in society began to affect political life, and religion became more evident in social life. During Ottoman Empire’s last century, the laicization process in the state administration and the secularization process in the society had been started. This process was manifested as secularization -that it has been done with power of state- in the Republican period depending on the principle of laicism. Thus, Ottoman-Turkish modernization, which has been going on for more than a century, has moved to another stage. The founding will of the Republic and official-central ideology applied the principle of laicisim as project of modernization. For this reason, the laicisim that changed the state structure is political-legal. And secularization is a sociological concept which expresses the change of society in secular direction. Until to the 2010s in Turkey, laicisim; under political-social pressuring, Jacobin official-central oppressive politic ideology implementations and with legal punishments, had been applied. Of course, in this time secularization has been continiued. But this process is happening under oppressive of laicism. Justification of laicism at first, after religion become a legal part in order of laic and democratic, at last how religious life will be effect in communal living as expression, representation and application, has been discussed during the history of the Republic. The sociologist Cahit Tanyol (1914-…) and Şerif Mardin (1927-2017), both of whom worked extensively on these issues, put forward ideas on religion and laicisim (secularism) as fundamental, effective, determinative and mainstream expressions. A comparative study of Cahit Tanyol and Şerif Mardin’s approaches on this issue, gives the deep knowledge of the history of the Republic and present, also offer a meaningful perspective for the future.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22562</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 1[17-95]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
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      </header>
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          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ANADOLU’NUN İSLÂMLAŞMASINDA AHÎLERİN ROLÜ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[THE ROLE OF THE AKHIES IN THE ANATOLIA’S ISLAMIZATION]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ali HATALMIŞ]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Anadolu, İslâmlaşma, âhîlik]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Anatolia, Islamization, akhies.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Anadolu’nun bütününü kapsayan bir İslâmlaşma, Selçuklu fetihleri sonrasında gerçekleşmiştir. Zoraki bir Müslümanlaştırma ve kayda değer topyekûn ihtidaların söz konusu olmadığı bu fetihlerde, İslâmlaşma ve Türkleşmenin eş zamanlı ilerlediği kaydedilmektedir. Âşıkpaşazâde’nin Anadolu’da ehemmiyetli gördüğü, “Gaziyân-ı Rûm, Abdalân-ı Rûm, Ahîyân-ı Rûm ve Bacıyân-ı Rûm” olmak üzere dört zümrenin fetih ve İslâmlaşmada etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Kaynaklarda XIII-XVI. Yüzyıllar arasında Ahîlerin etkin ve etkili olduğu bir İslâmlaşma söz konusu edilmektedir. Horasan ve Mâverâünnehir mutasavvıfları, başta Yesevî şeyhleri ve dervişlerini bilinçli bir şekilde Anadolu’ya yönlendirmiştir. Dervişlerin mütevazı halleri ve hoşgörülü yaklaşımları, Anadolu’nun yerli gayrimüslim halklarını kendilerine ve dolayısıyla İslam’a yakınlaştırmıştır. Çatışmaların ve savaşların eksik olmadığı bu coğrafyada, Haçlı seferleri ve Moğol istilaları yüzünden çok büyük yıkımlar yaşanmış, şehir ve kasabalar adeta harabeye dönmüştür. Zor zamanlarda Ahîler, birlik ve beraberliği temsil ederek Osmanlı Devleti’nin kuruluşunda yer almışlar, Anadolu’nun maddî-manevî inşası ve inkişafında önemli görev ve sorumluluklar üstlenmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada İslâmlaşma ve Ahîliğin tanımları üzerinde durulmuştur. Ahîliğin amaç ve ilkeleri, sosyo-ekonomik hayatı düzenlemedeki rolleri, dinî ve siyasi etkileri incelenmiştir. Ahîlerin kurdukları müesseselerle Anadolu’yu nasıl İslamlaştırdıkları anlatılmıştır. XIV. yüzyıl Ahîleriyle ilgili ünlü seyyah İbn Battûta’nın tespitlerine geniş yer verilmiştir. Çalışma esnasında Ahîlerle ilgili bilgi veren tarihî malumatın sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu alanda yapılan çağdaş araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiş, Ahîlerin Anadolu’nun İslâmlaşmasına dair katkıları derli toplu bir başlık altında sunulmuştur. Ahîlerin meslek edindirme ve esnaf teşkilatlarından, her türlü kişisel ve toplumsal icraatlarına varıncaya kadar dinî ve tasavvûfî bir görünüm arz etmeleri, Anadolu’nun neredeyse tüm şehir, kasaba ve köylerinde kurum ve kuruluşlarıyla var olmaları, İslâmlaşma emareleri olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yarı göçebe Türkmenleri sahiplenmeleri, maddî ve manevî yönlerden desteklemeleri onların dinî/İslâmî kimliklerini korumalarına neden olmuştur. Gayrimüslim yerli halkla sosyal, ekonomik ve ticari iyi ilişkiler içinde olmaları, fakir ve ihtiyaç sahiplerine yardımda bulunmaları, onları kendilerine ve dolayısıyla İslam’a yaklaştırmıştır. Böylece Anadolu’nun Türk ve İslam yurdu olması ve bu yeni kimliğin benimsenmesinde Ahîlerin önemli katkıları olmuştur.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[An Islamization covering the whole of Anatolia was done after the Seljuk conquests. it is noted that Islamization and Turkishization are progressing simultaneously in these conquests, where there is no forced Islamization and significant total conversion. Âşıkpaşazâde gave great importance to the four groups in Anatolia: Gaziyan-ı Rûm, Abdalân-ı Rûm, Ahîyân-ı Rûm and Bacıyân-ı Rûm. It is thought that this groups were influential in conquest and Islamization. In the XIII-XVI., there has been an Islamization in which the Akhies were effective and influential. Khorasan and Patagonia's Sufis have deliberately directed the Yesevi sheikhs and their dervishes to Anatolia. The modest and tolerant approaches of the Dervishes brought the indigenous non-Muslim peoples of Anatolia closer to themselves and hence to Islam. In this geography where clashes and wars are not missing, there have been great demolitions due to the Crusades and Mongol invasions, cities and towns have almost become ruined. In difficult times, Akhies took part in the foundation of the Ottoman Empire by representing unity and solidarity. Also they undertook important duties and responsibilities in the material and spiritual construction and development of Anatolia. In this study, the definitions of Islamization and ahi community are emphasized and also the aims and principles of ahi’s, their role in organizing socio-economic life, their religious and political effects were examined. Besides it was explained how they made Islamization of Anatolia with the institutions they established. In this study, findings the famous traveler Ibn Battûta related with 15th century Akhies was given a wide range. It was seen that the historical information that gives information about the Akhies are limited. The contemporary research in this field has been reviewed and the contributions of the Akhies to the Islamization of Anatolia have been presented under a neat title. It was considered as signs of Islamization that the Akhies had a religious and mystical appearance from the occupation and tradesmen organizations to all their personal and social activities, and that they existed in almost all cities, towns and villages of Anatolia. The adoption of the semi-nomadic Turkmens by their support of their material and spiritual aspects has enabled them to protect their religious / Islamic identity. The fact that they are in good social, economic and commercial relations with non-Muslims, and help the poor and the needy people have brought them closer to themselves and thus to Islam. Thus, the Akhies has made significant contributions to Turkish and Islamic homeland of Anatolia and the adoption of this new identity.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22546</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 2[     307-328 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/362</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[TÜRKİYE’DE DİN SOSYOLOJİSİ ALANINDA ÜRETİLEN DOKTORA TEZLERİNDE ÖNE ÇIKAN KONULARIN “AKADEMİK İLGİ VE YÖNELİMLER” BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[EVALUATION OF THE PROMINENT SUBJECTS IN THE DOCTORATE DISSERTATIONS DONE IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Fatma ÇAKMAK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[din sosyolojisi, doktora, tez, bağlam, toplum, akademi]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[sociology of Religion, doctorate, thesis, context, society, academy]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Din sosyolojisi, din toplum ilişkilerinin genel görünümler üzerinden biçimlendiği ve karşılıklı dinamik etkileşimler üreten bir alan olması nedeniyle önemli bir akademik sondaj alanıdır. Dinin toplumsal görünümlerinin meydana getirdiği yeni algı ve pratiklerle, toplumsalın din alanı üzerindeki tertip, tayin ve tespitlerinin dönüştürdüğü varlık zemini hakkında mevcut olanı ihmal etmeyen bir güzergâh, söz konusu akademik kazının da ana sistematiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de akademik kültürün inşa edilmesinde önemli bir süreç olan doktora aşamasında, farklı üniversitelerde din sosyolojisi alanında yol almaya çalışan araştırmacıların konu seçimi ve içerik yaklaşımları hakkında “bağlamsal” bir değerlendirmeye gidilmiştir. Söz konusu çalışmalarda öne çıkan ilgi ve yönelimler, Türkiye’de din sosyolojisinin gündelik gerçekliğin neresinde olduğu sorusuna da cevap teşkil edecek olan “eş zamanlılık, problematiklik ve zamanın kıyısında olma” sorunlarını tartışmaya imkan verecek bir paradigmayı işaret etmesi bakımından önemlidir. Türkiye’de 1969-2017 yılları arasında din sosyolojisi alanında yazılmış ve yazılmakta olan doktora çalışmalarının önemli bir bölümündeki konu tercihi ve öne çıkan diğer eğilimler, akademik bir disiplin olan din sosyolojisinin temel sorunlarının İlahiyat alanının temel gerçekliklerinden bağımsız ele alınamayacağını da açıkça ortaya koymaktadır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Sociology of religion is an important academic probing field due to the fact that religion and society relations are formed through general appearance and it is such a field that produces mutual dynamic interactions. By new perceptions and practices of the social appearance out of religion, a route, which does not ignore what exists concerning the realm of existence, is transformed by arrangements, assignments and determinations of the community over religious area also reveals the main system of this academic excavation. In this study, it has been evaluated contextually that choosing topic and approaches to contents of researchers trying to advance in the sociology of religion from different universities in doctoral degree, which constitutes a crucial for construction of academic culture in Turkey. By means of these studies, it has become prominent that interests and tendencies are significant to point out a paradigm that allows to discuss the problems of "synchronicity, being problematic and to be at the edge of time", which is also an answer to the question of where the sociology of religion is in Turkey’s actuality. In the major part of doctoral studies, preference for topic that were written and have been written between 1969-2017 in Turkey in the field of sociology of religion and other prominent tendencies clearly prove that the basic problems sociology of religion, as an academic discipline, cannot be handled separately from the basic realities of the theology.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22495</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 2[  251-280]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/363</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[ELMALILI MUHAMMED HAMDİ YAZIR (1878-1942) VE ESERLERİ HAKKINDA YAPILMIŞ ÇALIŞMALAR BİBLİYOGRAFYASI (1923-2018)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[ELMALILI MUHAMMED HAMDI YAZIR (1878-1942) AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH ON HIS LITERATURE (1923-2018)]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Ahmet Sait SICAK]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Recep BİLGİN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır, Hak Dini Kur’an Dili, müfessir, tefsir, bibliyografya, literatür]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır, Hak Dini Kuran Dili, God’s Religion Koran’s Language, interpreter, tafsir, bibliography, literature.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Elmalılı M. Hamdi Yazır (1878-1942) Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemi ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarında yaşamıştır. O; aldığı eğitim, toplumumuza kazandırdığı eserler, sosyal ve siyasi hayatı ile öne çıkan, bilhassa İslâmî ilimlerden tefsir, fıkıh (hukuk) ve felsefe alanında büyük emek vermiş, müfessir, hukukçu ve siyasetçi kimliğiyle bilinen Cumhuriyet döneminin ününü hak eden çok yönlü âlimlerinden biridir. Onun en önemli eseri olarak kabul edilen Hak Dini Kur’an Dili isimli tefsiri de farklı bilim dallarına mensup araştırmacılar tarafından faydalanılacak derinliğe ve özelliğe sahiptir. Bu yönüyle Elmalılı’nın Türkiye’deki dinî araştırmalar ve genel din algısı üzerinde etkisinin büyük olduğu rahatlıkla söylenebilir. Hak Dini Kur’an Dili Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşundan bugüne kadar Kur’an’ın anlaşılması üzerine önemli etkisi olan ve Latin harfleriyle telif edilen ilk tefsirdir. Bu özelliği dolayısıyla birçok insanın başucunda ve kütüphanelerinde yer almaktadır. Bu makale; hem Türkiye’de, hem Batı’da hem de Arap ülkelerinde Elmalılı M. Hamdi Yazır ve eserleri üzerine yapılmış çalışmaları konu alan bir literatür incelemesidir. Bu araştırmada, kronolojik olarak Elmalılı ve eserleri üzerine yapılmış kitap, kitap bölümleri, makale, bitirme tezi, yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri, sempozyum bildirileri, tercüme ve sadeleştirme gibi çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Elmalılı, kısaca değindiğimiz çok yönlülüğü sebebiyle, literatürde her ne kadar tefsiriyle ön planda yer alsa da tefsir ilminin yanı sıra Türkiye’de kelâm, felsefe, hukuk ve hadis gibi ilimler başta olmak üzere birçok alanda yapılan akademik ve diğer çalışmalarda kendisinin ve eserlerinin konu alındığı görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda yapılan araştırma neticesinde Elmalılı M. Hamdi Yazır; tespit edilebilinen 570 künye ve 540 yayınla kendisi ve eserleri hakkında en fazla araştırma yapılan Cumhuriyet devri müfessiridir.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Elmalılı M. Hamdi Yazır (1878-1942) was lived between the late-period of the Ottoman Empire and the first period of the Republic of Turkey. He was one of the most prominent and educated scholars of the Republic time, who was known as an interpreter, legal expert, and also politician, and famous for his studies on Islamic sciences, tafsir, fıqh, and philosophy that he gifted them to our society. His canonic book, Hak Dini Kur’an Dili (God’s Religion Koran’s Language) is regarded as a comprehensive interpretation of Koran, allowed many researchers from different areas to benefit from it as a magnum opus. By this feature, it could easily be said that Elmalılı has a great influence on the perception of religion, and religious studies in Turkey. Hak Dini Kur’an Dili (God’s Religion Koran’s Language) is the first interpretation written with the Latin alphabet for a better understanding of Koran since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. By this feature, it takes place in the prime bookshelf of many people and libraries. This essay is a literature study of studies done on Elmalılı M. Hamdi Yazır and his literature including Turkey, the Western and Arabic countries. This essay includes studies such as a book, book chapters, essay, undergrad and master’s theses, dissertations, conference proceedings, translations, and simplifications on Elmalılı and his collection of research. Even though Elmalılı is known -as we shortly referred to his sophisticated background- mostly about his hermeneutical works, not only the tafsir but kalam, philosophy, law and, hadith are referred in the field of academics and other circles. In this context, after a result of the search, with 570 book tag and 540 publications he became the most studied interpreter in the Republic time.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22489</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 2[  329-394  ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/364</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[VİCTOR FRANKL, LOGOTERAPİ VE VİCDANIN VAROLUŞ ANALİZİ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[VICTOR FRANKL, LOGOTHERAPY AND BEING ANALYSIS OF THE CONSCIENCE]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Tahsin KULA]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[- Müslüme ERDEN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Victor Frankl, logoterapi, Vicdan, Anlam arayışı]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Victor Frakl, Logotherapy, conscience, search for meaning]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Victor Emile Frankl, varoluşçu psikoterapi akımının öncülerindendir. Frankl’a göre, her devrin kendine özgü ortak bir nevrozu vardır. Ona göre devrimizin kitlesel nevrozu, varoluşsal boşluktur. Frankl’in’e göre insan, hayatın anlamını arayan bir varlıktır. Anlam arayışı, insanın hayatındaki temel güdüdür. Bu güdüler insana dünyada yaşaması için bir neden göstermeyi amaçlar. Eğer insanların temel güdüleri karşılanmazsa insanlar varoluşsal boşluğa (nihilizim) düşer. Bu tür nevrozlarla (varoluşsal boşluklarla) baş etmek için her dönem kendi psikoterapisine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Frankl’ine göre insanın anlam istemi engellenebilir. Varoluşsal engellenme olarak ifade edilen bu durum da kişi hayatın yaşamaya değer olup olmadığını dert edinebilir, hatta umutsuzluğa da kapılabilir. Bu durumlar nevroza yol açabilir. Varoluşsal engellenmenin yol açtığı nevrozlar geleneksel anlamdaki, yani ruhsal kökenli(psikojenik) nevrozlara karşıtlık içindedir. Noöjenik nevrozlar, itkilerle içgüdüler arasındaki çatışmalardan değil, daha çok varoluşsal sorunlardan kaynaklanmaktadır. İşte bu tür sorunlar arasında anlam siteminin engellenmesi büyük rol oynamaktadır. Frankl,.bireyin kişilik yapısı üzerinde önemli bir yere sahip olan vicdanın, psikanaliz kuramının açıklamalarıyla kendini var edemediğine inanır. Varoluş analizin, tinsel bilinçdışını keşfedip vicdanın tinsel bilinçdışı tarafından oluşturulduğunu ve bireyin varoluşunu açıklığa kavuşturduğunu savunur. Frankl’in her çağın kendine özgü nevrozu olduğu gibi kişilerinde kendileri özgü nevozları olduğunu vurgular. Kişilerin nevrozlarla baş etmesi için yaşamın anlamını keşfetmesi gerikir. Ona göre yaşamın anlamı üç farklı yoldan keşfedilebilir. Bunlar ya bir eser yaratarak ya da bir iş yaparak; Bir şey yaşayarak ya da bir insanla etkileşerek; Kaçınılmaz bir acıya yönelik bir tavır geliştirerek.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Victor Emile Frankl is one of the pioneers of existential psychotherapy. According to Frankl, each cycle has itsown common neurosis. According to him, themassneoplasm of ourrevolution is the existential emptiness. According to Frankltırin, man is an entity seeking the meaning of life. The search for meaning is the main motive in man's life. These motives aim to show people a reason to live in theworld. If people's basic motives are not met, people fall in to existential emptiness (nihilism). She needs her own psychotherapy every semester to cope with such neuroses (with existential cavities). According to Frankl, the meaning of man can be prevented. This situation, which is expressed as existential frustration, can worry about whether life is worth living, or even despair. These conditions can lead to neurosis. Neuroses caused by existential inhibition are in contrast to the traditional sense, ie psychogenic (psychogenic) neuroses. Norogenic neuroses are more likely to arise from existential problems rather than conflicts between impulses and instincts. This kind of problems play a major role in the prevention of the system. Frankl believes that conscience, which has an important place on the personality structure of the individual, cannot be manifested by the explanations of psychoanalytic theory. Existentialism argues that analysis explores the spiritual unconscious and that the conscience is created by the spiritual unconscious and that the existence of the individual is clarified. Frankl's unique neurosis of each age, as well as their own distinctive nags emphasizes. People need to discover the meaning of life to deal with neuroses. According to him, the meaning of life can be explored in three different ways. These are either creating a work or doing a job; By experiencing something or interacting with a person; Developing an attitude towards an inevitable pain]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22487</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 1[177-188]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/365</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[EBU HANİFE’NİN TARTIŞMA VE ELEŞTİRİ YÖNTEMİ]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[CRITICISM AND DISCUSSION METHOD OF ABU HANIFA AND DISCUSSION METHOD OF ABU HANIFA]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Metin ÖZDEMİR]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Ebu Hanife, Eleştiri, Metot, Tartışma, Kelam]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Abu Hanifa, Criticism, Method, Discussion, Kalam]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[İnanç hürriyeti İslam’ın şiarındandır. Kur’an, dinde ve inançta zorlama olmadığını açıkça beyan etmiştir. Hz. Peygamber’in ve ona tabi olanların tebliğ faaliyeti, muhatapların kesin bilgi ve kanıtla ikna edilmesi yöntemi üzerine bina edilmiştir. Yine Kur’an’da, Bedir savaşının sonuçları üzerinden şu mesaj verilmiştir: “… Ölen açık bir delille ölsün, yaşayan da açık bir delille yaşasın.” Hatta Kur’an’da, tartışma ve eleştiri üslubunun nasıl olması gerektiği bizzat vurgulanmıştır: “Rabbinin yoluna, hikmetle, güzel öğütle çağır; onlarla en güzel şekilde tartış…” Bu yöntemi titizlikle uygulayan Hz. Peygamberin, muhataplarına karşı tutum ve davranışı, Kur’an’da şöyle övülmüştür: “Allah'ın rahmetinden dolayı, sen onlara karşı yumuşak davrandın. Eğer kaba ve katı kalpli olsaydın, şüphesiz etrafından dağılır giderlerdi. Onları affet, onlara mağfiret dile, iş hakkında onlara danış, fakat karar verdin mi Allah'a güven, doğrusu Allah [kendisine] güvenenleri sever.” Tartışma ve eleştiri yöntemi ve üslubu ile ilgili olarak Kur’an’dan alıntıladığımız bu türden emir ve tavsiyeleri dikkate alan Müslümanların tebliğ faaliyetlerinde kesin bilgi ve kanıt hep birinci öncelikleri olmuştur. Bununla birlikte kesin bilgiye ve kanıta ulaşma yöntemleri konusunda ihtilaflar çıkmış, izlenen farklı yollar neticesinde ortaya çıkan fikir ayrılıkları yüzünden ötekini eleştirirken zaman zaman aşırıya kaçılmış; muhaliflere ehli bidat, zındık, kâfir vb. ithamlar yöneltilmiştir. Bu durumun doğal sonucu olarak müslüman topluluklar arasında mezhep taassubu yaygınlaşmış, zamanla ortaya çıkan çeşitli fırkalar, siyasi çatışmaların bir aracı haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Hâlbuki Allah, kalpleri düşmanlık duygularıyla param parça olmuş bir cahiliye toplumunu, içerisinde barışın, selametin, huzur ve güvenin ilkeleri bulunan sağlam Kur’an ipiyle neredeyse içerisine düşecekleri bir ateş çukurunun kenarından çekip kurtarmıştı. Belki de inançlar üzerine yapılan tartışmalar neticesinde kalplerin parçalandığını ve Müslümanların hızla yeni bir ateş çukurunun kenarına doğru sürüklendiğini hisseden ilk Müslümanlar ve onların takipçileri, söz konusu tehlikeyi bertaraf etmek için, ötekine karşı sert ve yıpratıcı bir üslup kullanmayı tercih etmişlerdi. Ancak tarihsel tecrübeler, bu tutumun faydadan çok zarar getirdiğini açıkça göstermiştir. Biz bu tebliğimizde, ilk dönemin en etkili simalarından birisi olan Ebu Hanife’nin bu süreç içerisinde, tartışma ve eleştiri yöntemi ve üslubu açısından nasıl bir duruş sergilediğini göstermeye çalışacağız. Bunun hem onun gayri Müslimlerle yaptığı tartışmalarda elde ettiği başarıların temel dayanak noktalarını görmemize hem de muhaliflerine karşı kullandığı üslup ve yöntemlerde belirgin olarak ortaya çıkan olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri değerlendirmemize katkı sağlayacağını umuyoruz.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Freedom of belief is one of the main principles of Islam. The Qur’an has made it clear that there is no compulsion in religion and belief. (2: 256) The preaching activity of the Prophet and his followers is based on the method of persuasion of the people with precise information and evidence. (12: 108) Again, in the Qur’an, that message has been given by the results of the Battle of al-Badr as follows: “... So that those who were to be destroyed might be destroyed after a clear evidence and those who were to live might leave after a clear evidence.” (8: 42) In fact, in the Qur’an, it is emphasized how the method of discussion and criticism should be: “Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and fair preaching and argue with them in a way that is better..." (16: 125) This attitude that the Prophet used towards his interlocutors has praised in the Qur’an like that: “And by the Mercy of Allah, you dealt with them gently. And had you been severe and harsh hearted, they would have broken away from about you; so pass over (their faults), and ask forgiveness for them; and consult them in the affairs. Then when you have taken a decision, put your trust in Allah, certainly, Allah loves those who put their trust (in him).” (3: 159) In the preaching activity of Muslims who take such orders and recommendations into consideration the definite information and evidence has always been the first priority. However, disagreements over ways of reaching definite information and evidence have come about; while criticizing the other because of differences in ideas emerged because of different ways that are pursued have been exaggerated and some charges such as the people of bidʿa/unorthodoxy, apostate, unbeliever etc. have been directed to the opponents from time to time. As a result of the natural consequence of this situation, the sectarian severity became widespread among Muslim communities and the various sects emerged over time became a means of political conflicts. Whereas Allah had saved the ignorant Arab society whose hearts were torn apart by feelings of enmity from the brink of a pit of fire where they would almost fall into it by the rope of Qur’an that contained the principles of peace, harmony, and security. (3: 103) Perhaps the first Muslims and their followers, who felt that the hearts were torn apart and Muslims were quickly drifting towards the brink of a new pit of fire, had chosen to use a harsh and abrasive style against the others in order to eliminate the danger. However, historical experience has made it clear that this attitude is more damaging than benefit. In this article, I tried to show where Abu Hanifa, one of the most influential figures of the first period, stood in terms of the method and style of discussion and criticism. Below is a brief summary of the results I reached in the article.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22363</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 1[189-198]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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      <header>
        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/366</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>mulkiye</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[İSLAMİ GELENEKTE TILSIMLI YEDİ SEMBOLLÜ MÜHÜRLER]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[SEALS WITH TALISMANIC SEVEN SYMBOLS IN THE ISLAMIC TRADITION]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Azize UYGUN]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[mühür, hatem, sembol, tılsım, büyü]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[seal, khatam, symbol, talisman, magic]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[Semboller nesnelere işaret etmekle birlikte çoğu zaman onlara doğrudan açıklanamayan yönü ile birden çok anlam ve kavramı kapsayacak şekilde de anlam yüklenmiştir. Bu yönü ile semboller tılsımlaşır. Gizli ilimler alanında sayılamayacak kadar çok tılsımlı sembol örnekleri bulunmaktadır. Bu örneklerden biri ve en meşhur olanı da yedi sembolden oluşan mühürler/hatemlerdir. Özellikle de yaygın ismiyle İsm-i Azam mührü olarak bilinen mühürdür. Büyüsel uygulamalarda neredeyse her derde deva olabilecek şekilde özellikleri olduğuna inanılmıştır. Büyünün gücünü artırmak amacıyla ve insanları koruması için oluşturulan tılsımlarda yaygın olarak kullanılmıştır. Mühürler tılsımlarda kullanılmasının yanı sıra büyü cetvellerinde, vefklerde farklı şekillerde de kullanılmışlardır. Kur’an’da ve hadislerde hakkında gerçek anlamda bir bilgi bulunmadığı halde mühürlere İslami özellik yüklenerek Hz. Ali’ye ve Gazali’ye atfedilmeye çalışılmıştır. Şems’ül-Maarif’in yazarı Ahmed el-Buni tarafından İslam kültürüne aktarıldığı muhtemel olan mühürlere hak etmediği yetenekler verilmiş; kültürlere göre süreç içerisinde değişik anlamlar yüklenmiştir. Semboller farklı toplumlarda farklı özlere bürünebilir. Olağanüstü özellikler yüklenen mühürler de haklarındaki temelsiz iddialardan hareketle büyücüler tarafından maddi ve manevi olarak insanları istismar etme aracı olarak kullanılmışlardır. Makalemizde insanların umutlarını bağladıkları büyüsel uygulamalarda kullanılan tılsımlı olduğu düşünülen sembollerden yedi sembollü mühürler incelenecek ve İslami kültürdeki yeri, işlevi ve önemi üzerine durulacaktır.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[With symbols point to objects, it is also given meaning to involve multiple meanings and concepts with direct unexplained direction to them. With this aspect, the symbols are charmed. There are numerous examples of talismanic symbols in the field of secret sciences. The most famous and one of these examples is the seals and khatam which are composed of seven symbols. Especially it is a seal known as Ism al-Azam seal. It is believed to have features that are effective in almost all kinds of magical applications. It has been used extensively in amulets created to increase the power of magic and to protect people. Seals were used in talismans as well as in magical rulers and waqf/magical squares in different ways. Although there is no real information about the Qur'an and the hadiths the seals were attributed to Hz. Ali and Al-Ghazali by imposing Islamic features. The seals, which are likely to be transferred to Islamic culture by Shams al-Maarif's author Ahmed al-Buni are given the talents they do not deserve and are given different meanings according to the cultures. Symbols can take different essences in different societies. Considering the fact that the groundless claims about the seals attributed to extraordinary properties they were used as a means of exploiting people materially and spiritually by magicians. In our article, seven symbolic seals will be examined from symbols thought to be talismans used in magical applications where people connect their hopes and the place, function and importance in Islamic culture will be emphasized.]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
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          <dc:identifier>https://www.turkishstudies.net/religion?mod=makale_ing_ozet&amp;makale_id=22285</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier/>
          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 14 Issue 2[     395-413 ]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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        <identifier>oai:dergiplatformu.com:Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies/article/367</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-04-03T18:13:36.520Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title xml:lang="tr-TR">&lt;![CDATA[Sabayî’nin Üveysname Mesnevîsi ve Ziyaî’ye İzafe edilen İntihal Eser Üzerine Bazı Değerlendirmeler]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Evaluations on Üveysname, Sabayî's mathnawi, which is wrongly attributed to Ziyaî]]&gt;</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>&lt;![CDATA[Kadir ATLANSOY]]&gt;</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sabayî, Üveysname, mesnevî, Ziyaî, Üveysîlik, Veysel Karanî.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>&lt;![CDATA[Sabayî, Üveysname, mathnawi, Ziyaî, Uwaysi Order, Veysel Karani.]]&gt;</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu yazının amacı, asıl adı Hayreddin olup Farsça şiirleri de bulunan XVI. yy. Edirneli divan şairi Sabayî’nin Üveysname mesnevîsini ana çizgileriyle ele almak ve İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Atatürk Kitaplığı Osman Ergin Türkçe Yazmaları 1473 numaralı Ziyaî’ye izafe edilen Üveysname nüshasının da Sabayî’ye aidiyetini belirlermektir. Zeynî Şeyh Vefa’nın müridi olup mısralarının vecizliği sebebiyle mesel-gû akımı içinde değerlendirilen Sabayî, Üveysî Feridüddin-i Attar'ın nasihat geleneğinin önde gelen eseri Pendname'sini ilk defa nazmen tercüme etmesinin yanı sıra yine Attar'ın Tezkiretü'l-Evliya'sına sadık kalarak Veysel Karanî menkıbesini nazma çekmesi ve dinî duyarlığını sade bir üslup ile yansıtan Mevlid’i ile edebiyat tarihi açısından önemlidir. Tezkirelerde daha çok kasideleriyle beğenilen Sabayî’nin in’amat defterlerindeki kayıtlara göre çok sayıda ihsan almış ve Mecmau'n-Nezair'de şiirlerinden en fazla seçme yapılmış şair olması da dikkate değerdir. Münzevî hayatı kendisinden sonraki dönemlere ilham kaynağı Veysel Karanî’yi ele alan Üveysname, anne rızası ve peygamberi görme arzusu arasındaki hassas bir insanın duygularını ele alma bağlamında bir anlatı olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Sabayî’nin Üveyse’l-Ķarenį isimli mesnevisi, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi özelliklerine sahip bir eser kimliğiyle tasavvuf terminolojisini ihtiva etmesi yönüyle de önem taşımaktadır. Ziyaî’ye izafe edilen Üveysname nüshasının Sabayî’ye aitliği ise açık olup bir eser intihali söz konusudur.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:description>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The aim of this paper is to inroduce Üveysname by Sabayî, a 16th century divan poet from Edirne, whose real name is Hayredddin, and has poems in Persian in the main lines, and to discuss whether the manuscript copy of Üveysname attributed to Ziyaî housed in Istanbul Metropolitan Atatürk library, Osman Ergin Collection Number 1473 belongs to Sabayî. Sabayî, a pupil of Zeynî Shaykh Vefa is an important figure in the Turkish literary history due to his proverb-like lines, thus seen as a member of mesel-gû movement, his translation Attar's Pendname in poetry the first time and Veysel Karani's legendary biography based on Attar's Tezkiretü'l-Evliya, his Mevlid in a plain style, reflecting his sincerity in religiosity. It is important to note that Sabayî whose qasidas are appreciated more, and awarded greatly according to in'amat daftars, is a poet who has the highest number of poems selected for Mecmau'n-Nezair. Üveysname should be seen as a story trying to reflect the feelings of a sensitive man, Veysel Karani, who is divided into two between his mother's consent and the desire to see Prophet Muhammad. Üveysname, a mathnawi of Sabayî', is also significant due to carrying linguistic features of Old Anatolian Turkish and sufi terminology.&lt;/p&gt;]]&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:publisher>
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          <dc:source xml:lang="en-US">&lt;![CDATA[Volume: 18 Issue 2[195-206]]]&gt;</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2667-5544</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies</dc:source>
          <dc:source>tr-eng</dc:source>
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